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W2215805880 | $$\text {FI}_{\mathcal {W}}$$ FI W -modules and constraints on classical Weyl group characters | In this paper we study the characters of sequences of representations of any of the three families of classical Weyl groups $$\mathcal {W}_n$$
: the symmetric groups, the signed permutation groups (hyperoctahedral groups), or the even-signed permutation groups. Our results extend work of Church et al. (Duke Math J, 2012. arXiv:1204.4533
; Geom Topol 18(5):2951–2984, 2014) on the symmetric groups. We use the concept of an $$\text {FI}_{\mathcal {W}}$$
-module, an algebraic object that encodes the data of a sequence of $$\mathcal {W}_n$$
-representations with maps between them, defined in the author’s recent work (J Algebra 420:269–332, 2014). We show that if a sequence $$\{V_n\}$$
of $$\mathcal {W}_n$$
-representations has the structure of a finitely generated $$\text {FI}_{\mathcal {W}}$$
-module, then there are substantial constraints on the growth of the sequence and the structure of the characters: for $$n$$
large, the dimension of $$V_n$$
is equal to a polynomial in $$n$$
, and the characters of $$V_n$$
are given by a character polynomial in signed-cycle-counting class functions, independent of $$n$$
. We determine bounds the degrees of these polynomials. We continue to develop the theory of $$\text {FI}_{\mathcal {W}}$$
-modules, and we apply this theory to obtain new results about a number of sequences associated to the classical Weyl groups: the cohomology of complements of classical Coxeter hyperplane arrangements, and the cohomology of the pure string motion groups (the groups of symmetric automorphisms of the free group). | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/nmeth.4304 | Fused cerebral organoids model interactions between brain regions | Human brain development involves complex interactions between different regions, including long-distance neuronal migration or formation of major axonal tracts. Different brain regions can be cultured in vitro within 3D cerebral organoids, but the random arrangement of regional identities limits the reliable analysis of complex phenotypes. Here, we describe a coculture method combining brain regions of choice within one organoid tissue. By fusing organoids of dorsal and ventral forebrain identities, we generate a dorsal-ventral axis. Using fluorescent reporters, we demonstrate CXCR4-dependent GABAergic interneuron migration from ventral to dorsal forebrain and describe methodology for time-lapse imaging of human interneuron migration. Our results demonstrate that cerebral organoid fusion cultures can model complex interactions between different brain regions. Combined with reprogramming technology, fusions should offer researchers the possibility to analyze complex neurodevelopmental defects using cells from neurological disease patients and to test potential therapeutic compounds. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1126/science.aaw6985 | Cancer modeling meets human organoid technology | Organoids are microscopic self-organizing, three-dimensional structures that are grown from stem cells in vitro. They recapitulate many structural and functional aspects of their in vivo counterpart organs. This versatile technology has led to the development of many novel human cancer models. It is now possible to create indefinitely expanding organoids starting from tumor tissue of individuals suffering from a range of carcinomas. Alternatively, CRISPR-based gene modification allows the engineering of organoid models of cancer through the introduction of any combination of cancer gene alterations to normal organoids. When combined with immune cells and fibroblasts, tumor organoids become models for the cancer microenvironment enabling immune-oncology applications. Emerging evidence indicates that organoids can be used to accurately predict drug responses in a personalized treatment setting. Here, we review the current state and future prospects of the rapidly evolving tumor organoid field. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2008285096 | Re-visitation Choice Impacts of Consideration on Sustainable Tourism Development - Using Logit and Probit Models - | Re-visitation have an effect on dependent variables of regional tourism demand model. This study focused on the re-visitation impacts of consideration on sustainable tourism development of tourists as a new factors of tourism. Based on literature reviews, 11 variables were selected, a questionnaire survey was given to 406 tourists divided into 5 tourism sites at Chuncheon city, and logit model and probit model were used for analysis. The fitness levels of two models were very significant(p=0.0000). The study results suggest that the likelihood of the rural tourist to make a return visit is influenced by recognition of sustainable tourism, purchase of souvenir and farm produce, visitation of regional shops, conversation with regional residents, residents' participation on development, age and marriage. The results of such re-visitation demand can provide information for regional development strategies. The approach to re-visitation research impacts of consideration on sustainable tourism development is expected to become a useful foundation in studying on sustainable regional development. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1038/nrm3133 | A blueprint for kinetochores - New insights into the molecular mechanics of cell division | Kinetochores are large proteinaceous complexes that physically link centromeric DNA to the plus ends of spindle microtubules. Stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments are a prerequisite for the accurate and efficient distribution of genetic material over multiple generations. In the past decade, concerted research has resulted in the identification of the individual kinetochore building blocks, the characterization of critical microtubule-interacting components, such as the NDC80 complex, and the development of an approximate model of the architecture of this sophisticated biological machine. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
336978 | Light Field Imaging and Analysis | One of the most fundamental challenges in computer vision is to reliably establish correspondence - how to match a location in one image to its counterpart in another. It lies at the heart of numerous important problems, for example stereo, optical flow, tracking and the reconstruction of scene geometry from several photographs. The most popular approaches to solve these problems are based on the simplification that a scene point looks the same from wherever and whenever it is observed. However, this is fundamentally wrong, since its color changes with viewing direction and illumination. This invariably leads to failures when dealing with reflecting or transparent surfaces or changes in lighting, which commonly occur in natural scenes.
We therefore propose to radically rethink the underlying assumptions and work with light fields to describe the visual appearance of a scene. Compared to a traditional image, a light field offers information not only about the amount of incident light, but also the direction where it is coming from. In effect, the light field implicitly captures scene geometry and reflectance properties. In the following, we will argue that variational algorithms based on light field data have the potential to considerably advance the state-of-the-art in all image analysis applications related to lighting-invariant robust matching, geometry reconstruction or reflectance estimation.
Since computational cameras are currently making rapid progress, we believe that light fields will soon become a focus of computer vision research. Already, commercial plenoptic cameras allow to easily capture the light field of a scene and are suitable for real-world applications, while a recent survey even predicted that in about 20 years time, every consumer camera will be a light field camera. Our research will investigate fundamental mathematical tools and algorithms which will substantially contribute to drive this development. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1969262766 | Evaluation of PHBHHx and PHBV/PLA fibers used as medical sutures | Two types of fibers were prepared by using bio-based materials: a mono-filament made from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and a multi-filament made from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend. The two fibers were evaluated for mechanical properties, biocompatibility and degradability for the potential application as medical sutures. The PHBHHx fiber showed remarkable biocompatibility by H.E. Stainning, with very little impact to the surrounding tissues. The degradation of the fiber was observed by SEM after implantation for 36 weeks, and the major degradation product was detected after 96 weeks. Consistently, the PHBHHx fiber maintained more than half of the mechanical properties after 96 weeks. The other fiber was prepared by twisting PHBV/PLA blend strands to a bunch, and showed high biocompatibility and relatively high degradability. The bunched structure loosed after 36 weeks of implantation. These low-cost and easily prepared fibers have great potential in medical applications, since they could avoid the formation of fibrous capsule, reduce the size of scar, and degrade into non-toxic and even beneficial products. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
US 9504122 W | LEATHER-LIKE HOOF PAD OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL | This invention is a hoof pad (10, 20) adapted for attachment between the hoof (32) of a horse and a horseshoe (34). The hoof pad (10, 20) is made of a leather-like composite material having a substantially continuous web portion impregnated with a binder composition. The web portion of the composite material is made of a particulate, matrix forming material, preferably a natural or synthetic fibrous material. The binder composition binds the particulate, matrix forming material in the web and imparts resiliency and water resistance to the composite material. Preferably, the binder composition is a natural or synthetic rubber latex. The hoof pad (10, 20) can be a full pad (20) or a rim pad (10), and is sized to fit between a horse's hoof (32) and a horseshoe (34) with a peripheral portion shaped substantially the same as the arcuate portion of the horseshoe (34). | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
CA 2022051306 W | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEMI-SUPERVISED VIDEO-DRIVEN FACIAL ANIMATION TRANSFER | A method transfers facial expressions from a performance input to a 3D CG character. The method comprises: providing an inference engine trained for receiving, as input, images exhibiting facial expressions and outputting, for each input image, a 3D CG representation of a CG character having a character facial expression corresponding to that of the input image; receiving performance input, the performance input comprising, or convertible to, one or more performance input images, each of the one or more performance input images exhibiting a performance facial expression; and inputting the performance input images to the inference engine to thereby infer, for each of performance input image, a corresponding 3D CG representation of an output CG character having an inferred character facial expression corresponding to the performance facial expression of the performance input image. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2012.2564 | The role of individuality in collective group movement | How different levels of biological organization interact to shape each other's function is a central question in biology. One particularly important topic in this context is how individuals' variation in behaviour shapes group-level characteristics. We investigated how fish that express different locomotory behaviour in an asocial context move collectively when in groups. First, we established that individual fish have characteristic, repeatable locomotion behaviours (i. e. median speeds, variance in speeds and median turning speeds) when tested on their own. When tested in groups of two, four or eight fish, we found individuals partly maintained their asocial median speed and median turning speed preferences, while their variance in speed preference was lost. The strength of this individuality decreased as group size increased, with individuals conforming to the speed of the group, while also decreasing the variability in their own speed. Further, individuals adopted movement characteristics that were dependent on what group size they were in. This study therefore shows the influence of social context on individual behaviour. If the results found here can be generalized across species and contexts, then although individuality is not entirely lost in groups, social conformity and group-size-dependent effects drive how individuals will adjust their behaviour in groups. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01854 | Tetraspanin CD9 limits mucosal healing in experimental colitis | Tetraspanins are a family of proteins with four transmembrane domains that associate between themselves and cluster with other partner proteins, conforming a distinct class of membrane domains, the tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). These TEMs constitute macromolecular signaling platforms that regulate key processes in several cellular settings controlling signaling thresholds and avidity of receptors. In this study, we investigated the role of CD9, a tetraspanin that regulates major biological processes such as cell migration and immunological responses, in two mouse models of colitis that have been used to study the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous in vitro studies revealed an important role in the interaction of leukocytes with inflamed endothelium, but in vivo evidence of the involvement of CD9 in inflammatory diseases is scarce. Here, we studied the role of CD9 in the pathogenesis of colitis in vivo. Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a chemical colitogen that causes epithelial disruption and intestinal inflammation. CD9-/- mice showed less severe colitis than wild-type counterparts upon exposure to DSS (2% solution) and enhanced survival in response to a lethal DSS dose (4%). Decreased neutrophil and macrophage cell infiltration was observed in colonic tissue from CD9-/- animals, in accordance with their lower serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and other proinflammatory cytokines in the colon. The specific role of CD9 in IBD was further dissected by transfer of CD4+ CD45RBhi naive T cells into the Rag1-/- mouse colitis model. However, no significant differences were observed in these settings between both groups, ruling out a role for CD9 in IBD in the lymphoid compartment. Experiments with bone marrow chimeras revealed that CD9 in the non-hematopoietic compartment is involved in colon injury and limits the proliferation of epithelial cells. Our data indicate that CD9 in non-hematopoietic cells plays an important role in colitis by limiting epithelial cell proliferation. Future strategies to repress CD9 expression may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of IBD. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1088/0264-9381/33/12/125022 | Superradiant Instabilities Of Asymptotically Anti De Sitter Black Holes | We study the linear stability of asymptotically anti–de Sitter black holes in general relativity in spacetime dimension d ≥ 4. Our approach is an adaptation of the general framework of Hollands and Wald, which gives a stability criterion in terms of the sign of the canonical energy, E . The general framework was originally formulated for static or stationary and axisymmetric black holes in the asymptotically flat case, and the stability analysis for that case applies only to axisymmetric perturbations. However, in the asymptotically anti–de Sitter case, the stability analysis requires only that the black hole have a single Killing field normal to the horizon and there are no restrictions on the perturbations (apart from smoothness and appropriate behavior at infinity). For an asymptotically anti–de Sitter black hole, we define an ergoregion to be a region where the horizon Killing field is spacelike; such a region, if present, would normally occur near infinity. We show that for black holes with ergoregions, initial data can be constructed such that E < 0, so all such black holes are unstable. To obtain such initial data, we first construct an approximate solution to the constraint equations using the WKB method, and then we use the Corvino-Schoen technique to obtain an exact solution. We also discuss the case of charged asymptotically anti–de Sitter black holes with generalized ergoregions. ar X iv :1 51 2. 02 64 4v 1 [ gr -q c] 8 D ec 2 01 5 Superradiant instabilities of asymptotically anti–de Sitter black holes 2 | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
US 8701050 W | LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AND NATURAL FACTOR COMPOSITIONS FOR ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY AND METHOD OF TREATMENT | Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be used to induce release of factors into the serum enabling rejection of tumors and increasing the efficacy of added anti-tumor agents. Thus exogenous TNF, when used together with LPS or other factors induced by LPS can be used at lower non-toxic doses to cause tumor rejection. These factors can be combined in anti-tumor therapy with other chemotherapeutic agents such as indomethacin or cyclophosphamide or natural agents such as platelet factor 4 which block negative feedback responses suppressing the immune system, thereby mediating the body resistance to the therapy. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.021 | Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for delivery of bone therapeutics – Barriers and progresses | The development of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines with tunable cargo release is gathering an increased applicability in bone regeneration and precision biomedicine. Yet, the formulation of nanocarriers that explore skeletal-specific stimuli remains remarkably challenging to materialize due to several endogenous and disease-specific barriers that must be considered during particle design stages. Such anatomo-physiological constrains ultimately hinder nanocarriers bioavailability in target bone tissues and impact the overall therapeutic outcome. This review aims to showcase and critically discuss the hurdles encountered upon responsive nanocarriers delivery in the context of skeletal diseases or tissue regeneration scenarios. Such focus is complemented with an in-depth and up-to-date analysis of advances in the development of stimuli-responsive, bone-focused delivery systems. In a holistic perspective, a deeper knowledge of human osteology combined with advances in materials functionalization via simple precision-chemistry is envisioned to incite the manufacture of stimuli-triggered nanomedicines with more realistic potential for clinical translation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1515/9783110365856 | Space In Hellenistic Philosophy Critical Studies In Ancient Physics | The volume discusses the notion of space by focusing on the most representative exponents of the Hellenistic schools and explores the role played by spatial concepts in both coeval and later authors who, without specifically thematising these concepts, made use of them in a theoretically original way. Renowned scholars investigate the philosophical significance and bring to light the problematical character of the ancient conceptions of space. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1038/nature19333 | Insights from biochemical reconstitution into the architecture of human kinetochores | Chromosomes are carriers of genetic material and their accurate transfer from a mother cell to its two daughters during cell division is of paramount importance for life. Kinetochores are crucial for this process, as they connect chromosomes with microtubules in the mitotic spindle. Kinetochores are multi-subunit complexes that assemble on specialized chromatin domains, the centromeres, that are able to enrich nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant centromeric protein A (CENP-A). A group of several additional CENPs, collectively known as constitutive centromere associated network (CCAN), establish the inner kinetochore, whereas a ten-subunit assembly known as the KMN network creates a microtubule-binding site in the outer kinetochore. Interactions between CENP-A and two CCAN subunits, CENP-C and CENP-N, have been previously described, but a comprehensive understanding of CCAN organization and of how it contributes to the selective recognition of CENP-A has been missing. Here we use biochemical reconstitution to unveil fundamental principles of kinetochore organization and function. We show that cooperative interactions of a seven-subunit CCAN subcomplex, the CHIKMLN complex, determine binding selectivity for CENP-A over H3-nucleosomes. The CENP-A:CHIKMLN complex binds directly to the KMN network, resulting in a 21-subunit complex that forms a minimal high-affinity linkage between CENP-A nucleosomes and microtubules in vitro. This structural module is related to fungal point kinetochores, which bind a single microtubule. Its convolution with multiple CENP-A proteins may give rise to the regional kinetochores of higher eukaryotes, which bind multiple microtubules. Biochemical reconstitution paves the way for mechanistic and quantitative analyses of kinetochores. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.4414/smw.2017.14523 | Genetic determinants of the epigenome in development and cancer | Although we have detailed maps of epigenetic marks on DNA and chromatin for many cell types and disease states, the origin and significance of these patterns is incompletely understood. Deregulation of the epigenome is a frequent accompaniment to cancer, and it is therefore important that we learn how it contributes to tumour formation. Here it is proposed that the roles of DNA sequence signals as determinants of the epigenome have been un-derappreciated. Taking as a paradigm the part played by the dinucleotide CpG in regulating gene expression via its effects on the epigenome, it is suggested that factors recognising other short, frequent sequence motifs also recruit chromatin modifying enzymes in response to DNA sequence. A screen for factors of this kind promises to aid our understanding of the mechanisms by which gene activity is globally regulated. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2345432244 | Influential Factors on the Consumption of Family Look Clothes | 1) When parents and their children wear matching clothes, ranging from one item to the entire wardrobe, we call this the “family look.” The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence family look clothes consumption. It was proposed that mothers’ familism tendencies, playfulness, and demographic characteristics were the main factors that decided the extent of the purchase and usage of family look clothes. A survey was conducted between September 23 and 29, 2013 with mothers who have purchased and wore family look clothes. The age of the women ranged from 20s to 40s. The results showed that the number of family look items is influenced by mothers’ familism tendencies and playfulness. Also the favorite family look style depended on the familism tendency, playfulness, and the age of the child(ren). The results of this study are expected to provide implications to apparel companies that produce family looks. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2184969760 | New Technology–based Firms – an exploratory study of technology exploitation and industrial renewal | This paper explores the role of new technology–based firms in the process of industrial renewal of Sweden by analyzing a set of such firms which were established in the period 1965–1974. We find that there has been an extensive trade in the technology base of these firms and a great deal of the transactions were made with foreign partners, in particular for electronics based firms. Those acquired were among the ones with the best growth and technological performance. Whilst the effect of this set of NTBFs on Swedish industry's renewal was positive, it was small in magnitude and probably below its potential. We hypothesize that features of the Swedish industrial environment, in particular, a poorly developed capital market and a historical specialization in mechanical engineering, are responsible for the relatively unimpressive impact of these firms. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
EP 2011052710 W | A POLYMER USEFUL AS VISCOSITY INDEX IMPROVER | The present invention describes a polymer useful as viscosity index improver comprising units derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I), where R is hydrogen or methyl, R1 means a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl residue with 1-6 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 independently represent hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR', where R' means hydrogen or a alkyl group with 1-6 carbon atoms, units of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (II), where R is hydrogen or methyl, R4 means a 2-alkyl branched alkyl residue with 12-18 carbon atoms, R5 and R6 independently are hydrogen or a group of the formula - COOR' ', where R' ' means hydrogen or an alkyl group with 12- 18 carbon atoms, and units of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (III), where R is hydrogen or methyl, R7 means a linear alkyl residue with 12-24 carbon atoms, R8 and R9 independently are hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR' ', where R' ' means hydrogen or an alkyl group with 12-24 carbon atoms wherein said polymer comprises at least 10 % by weight units derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I), based on the total weight of the polymer, said polymer comprises at least 10 % by weight units derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (II), based on the total weight of the polymer, and said polymer comprises at least 10 % by weight units derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (III), based on the total weight of the polymer. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.24917/20837276.8.9 | The Televisual Framing Of Organ Transplantations In France From The 1960S To The 1980S | Since the first successful human organ transplants of the late 60s, television in France has represented a means of publicizing and then popularizing a surgical operation that is not self-evident in scientific terms or in terms of social acceptance. This paper intends to show how the televisual narrative on organ transplant in France has been constructed through time and how contextual elements may have affected it in the 60s up to the 80s. It describes the four periods that organ transplant went through on screen. It then focuses on the main "actors" of the French televisual narrative: the surgeon, the patient, the donor and, later on, the organs, and the part they played in the construction of a public image of organ transplantation. The conclusion shows that these elements are stable over time and underlines the shortcomings of this televisual narrative. The research is part of the ERC programme “The healthy self as body capital: Individuals, market-based societies and body politic in visual twentieth century Europe” (https://bodycapital. unistra. fr/), and is based on an analysis of the archives of the Institut national de l’audiovisuel (INA). | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W2108554366 | “Top-Down” Effects Where None Should Be Found | A tidal wave of recent research purports to have discovered that higher-level states such as moods, action capabilities, and categorical knowledge can literally and directly affect how things look. Are these truly effects on perception, or might some instead reflect influences on judgment, memory, or response bias? Here, we exploited an infamous art-historical reasoning error (the so-called “El Greco fallacy”) to demonstrate that multiple alleged top-down effects (including effects of morality on lightness perception and effects of action capabilities on spatial perception) cannot truly be effects on perception. We suggest that this error may also contaminate several other varieties of top-down effects and that this discovery has implications for debates over the continuity (or lack thereof) of perception and cognition. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1364/OE.22.026559 | Active Terahertz Beam Steering By Photo Generated Graded Index Gratings In Thin Semiconductor Films | We demonstrate active beam steering of terahertz radiation using a photo-excited thin layer of gallium arsenide. A constant gradient of phase discontinuity along the interface is introduced by an spatially inhomogeneous density of free charge carriers that are photo-generated in the GaAs with an optical pump. The optical pump has been spatially modulated to form the shape of a planar blazed grating. The phase gradient leads to an asymmetry between the +1 and −1 transmission diffracted orders of more than a factor two. Optimization of the grating structure can lead to an asymmetry of more than one order of magnitude. Similar to metasurfaces made of plasmonic antennas, the photo-generated grating is a planar structure that can achieve large beam steering efficiency. Moreover, the photo-generation of such structures provides a platform for active THz beam steering. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
864965 | Predictions and Observations for Discs: Planetary Cores and dust Aggregates from non-ideal MHD Simulations with radiative Transfer. | One of the most fascinating and challenging question of Modern Astrophysics is: How do planets form? Indeed, micronic dust grains must grow over 30 orders of magnitude in mass to build planet cores. Global numerical simulations of dust grains that couple the dynamics of the particles to their growth/fragmentation and the radiation in the disc are compulsory to understand this process. Yet, this coupling has never been realised, given tremendous difficulties that originate from fundamental physical properties of dusty flows. The evolution of the dust distribution in protoplanetary discs remains therefore very poorly understood. Our novel groundbreaking code is the first to handle non-ideal MHD, radiation and dust with dynamical growth and fragmentation. We can therefore overcome all past difficulties to model gasgrains mixtures in discs consistently. PODCAST is designed to study the different stages of gas and dust evolution in the various regions of the disc, with the main objective of combining these steps in a holistic model for planet formation. We will confront the results directly with observations, unleashing the full potential of the grand instruments ALMA, SPHERE, JWST and SKA. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W177642614 | Low back pain radiating to the leg: an atypical cause. | This study reports the case of a 47-year old female with low back pain radiating to groin and anterior regions of the left thigh and leg. At symptoms onset, electromyography showed left L3-L4 radiculopathy, and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed disc protrusion at the same level with impingement of the spinal nerve root. The clinical symptoms were ascribed to lumbar disco-radicular conflict. The patient underwent steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment with epidural steroid injections, chiropractic spinal manipulations and rehabilitation program, with no relief. Thirteen months after the onset of pain, a computed tomography of sacroiliac joints showed osteolytic lesion in the iliac bone of left joint, and a bone scintigraphy highlighted foci of intense uptake at left iliac bone and left proximal extremity of the femur. The bone biopsy and pathological examinations showed findings consistent with large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This case report highlights the fact that in making differential diagnosis of low back pain radiating to the leg we have to consider the rare possibility that pain can be due to non-Hodgkin lymphoma that involves simultaneously the iliac bone and proximal extremity of the femur. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0083633 | Increased mortality exposure within the family rather than individual mortality experiences triggers faster life-history strategies in historic human populations | Life History Theory predicts that extrinsic mortality risk is one of the most important factors shaping (human) life histories. Evidence from contemporary populations suggests that individuals confronted with high mortality environments show characteristic traits of fast life-history strategies: they marry and reproduce earlier, have shorter birth intervals and invest less in their offspring. However, little is known of the impact of mortality experiences on the speed of life histories in historical human populations with generally higher mortality risk, and on male life histories in particular. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether individual-level mortality experiences within the family have a greater effect on life-history decisions or family membership explains life-history variation. In a comparative approach using event history analyses, we study the impact of family versus individual-level effects of mortality exposure on two central life-history parameters, ages at first marriage and first birth, in three historical human populations (Germany, Finland, Canada). Mortality experience is measured as the confrontation with sibling deaths within the natal family up to an individual's age of 15. Results show that the speed of life histories is not adjusted according to individual-level mortality experiences but is due to family-level effects. The general finding of lower ages at marriage/reproduction after exposure to higher mortality in the family holds for both females and males. This study provides evidence for the importance of the family environment for reproductive timing while individual-level mortality experiences seem to play only a minor role in reproductive life history decisions in humans. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.visres.2014.08.017 | Dissociation between spatial and temporal integration mechanisms in Vernier fusion | The visual system constructs a percept of the world across multiple spatial and temporal scales. This raises the questions of whether different scales involve separate integration mechanisms and whether spatial and temporal factors are linked via spatio-temporal reference frames. We investigated this using Vernier fusion, a phenomenon in which the features of two Vernier stimuli presented in close spatio-temporal proximity are fused into a single percept. With increasing spatial offset, perception changes dramatically from a single percept into apparent motion and later, at larger offsets, into two separately perceived stimuli. We tested the link between spatial and temporal integration by presenting two successive Vernier stimuli presented at varying spatial and temporal offsets. The second Vernier either had the same or the opposite offset as the first. We found that the type of percept depended not only on spatial offset, as reported previously, but interacted with the temporal parameter as well. At temporal separations around 30-40. ms the majority of trials were perceived as motion, while above 70. ms predominantly two separate stimuli were reported. The dominance of the second Vernier varied systematically with temporal offset, peaking around 40. ms ISI. Same-offset conditions showed increasing amounts of perceived separation at large ISIs, but little dependence on spatial offset. As subjects did not always completely fuse stimuli, we separated trials by reported percept (single/fusion, motion, double/segregation). We found systematic indications of spatial fusion even on trials in which subjects perceived temporal segregation. These findings imply that spatial integration/fusion may occur even when the stimuli are perceived as temporally separate entities, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for temporal segregation and spatial integration may not be mutually exclusive. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1039/C6SM02390H | Oil In Water Microfluidics On The Colloidal Scale New Routes To Self Assembly And Glassy Packings | We have developed Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) flow focusing devices, making use of the excellent solvent compatibility and surface properties of NOA to generate micron scale oil-in-water emulsions with polydispersities as low as 5%. While current work on microfluidic oil-in-water emulsification largely concerns the production of droplets with sizes on the order of 10s of micrometres, large enough that Brownian motion is negligible, our NOA devices can produce droplets with radii ranging from 2 {\mu}m to 12 {\mu}m. To demonstrate the utility of these emulsions as colloidal model systems we produce fluorescently labelled polydimethylsiloxane droplets suitable for particle resolved studies with confocal microscopy. We analyse the structure of the resulting emulsion in 3D using coordinate tracking and the topological cluster classification and reveal a new mono-disperse thermal system. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1186/1556-276x-7-197 | Synthesis and field emission properties of different ZnO nanostructure arrays | Abstract
In this article, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures of different shapes were fabricated on silicon substrate. Well-aligned and long ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays, as well as leaf-like ZnO nanostructures (which consist of modulated and single-phase structures), were fabricated by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method without the assistance of a catalyst. On the other hand, needle-like ZnO NW arrays were first fabricated with the CVD process followed by chemical etching of the NW arrays. The use of chemical etching provides a low-cost and convenient method of obtaining the needle-like arrays. In addition, the field emission properties of the different ZnO NW arrays were also investigated where some differences in the turn-on field and the field-enhancement factors were observed for the ZnO nanostructures of different lengths and shapes. It was experimentally observed that the leaf-like ZnO nanostructure is most suitable for field emission due to its lowest turn-on and threshold field as well as its high field-enhancement factor among the different synthesized nanostructures. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
FR 2010051184 W | SYSTEM FOR THE OVERALL CONTROL OF HEAT FOR ELECTRICALLY PROPELLED MOTOR VEHICLE | The invention relates to a system (10) for the overall control of heat for the passenger compartment (33) and for the electrical units in a motor vehicle that is completely or partially propelled by an electric engine powered by a battery, including a heat-control fluid circuit (3) coupled to a heating means (27) and/or to a cooling means (4) enabling said fluid to store calories or frigories when the system (10) is plugged into an electrical network outside of the vehicle. Said fluid circuit is capable of releasing calories and/or frigories to the air of the passenger compartment (33), in an alternating manner, either through a heat exchanger (11c, 11f) between the circuit and the air of the passenger compartment, or using a climate circuit (4) forming a heat pump and/or an air-conditioning system. Reference: figure 3. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
EP 2014075432 W | METHOD FOR OPERATING A NOISE-EMITTING INSTALLATION AND INSTALLATION FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD | The invention relates to a method for operating a noise-emitting installation (11), which emits noise subject to noise protection provisions into the environment at specifiable times in the form of operationally determined noise events that each extend over a certain time period, the emission of noise being distributed over the day. Reliable noise protection is achieved in that the sound pressure level is continually recorded by means of at least one sound pressure sensor (M1-M10) in the noise-emitting installation (11), in that the recorded values of the sound pressure level are used to detect when and over what time period each noise event occurs, in that the sound pressure level occurring in the particular noise event is summed or integrated over the duration of the noise event, in that the summed or integrated sound pressure levels of consecutive noise events are summed to form a noise dose, and in that the resulting noise dose is continually compared with specified dose limit values and the operation of the installation (11) is controlled in accordance with the results of the comparison. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1177/1088868316657965 | Functional Interdependence Theory An Evolutionary Account Of Social Situations | Social interactions are characterized by distinct forms of interdependence, each of which has unique effects on how behavior unfolds within the interaction. Despite this, little is known about the psychological mechanisms that allow people to detect and respond to the nature of interdependence in any given interaction. We propose that interdependence theory provides clues regarding the structure of interdependence in the human ancestral past. In turn, evolutionary psychology offers a framework for understanding the types of information processing mechanisms that could have been shaped under these recurring conditions. We synthesize and extend these two perspectives to introduce a new theory: functional interdependence theory (FIT). FIT can generate testable hypotheses about the function and structure of the psychological mechanisms for inferring interdependence. This new perspective offers insight into how people initiate and maintain cooperative relationships, select social partners and allies, and identify opportunities to signal social motives. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
176197 | Intensified by design® for the intensification of processes involving solids handling | IbD® will create a holistic platform for facilitating process intensification in processes in which solids are an intrinsic part, the cornerstone of which will be an intensified-by-design® (IbD). The IbD approach is hinged on the use of robust data about a process to ‘redesign’, modify, adapt and alter that process in a continuous, intensified system, and will be the new paradigm in the intensification of processes based on statistical, analytical and risk management methodologies in the design, development and processing of high quality safe and tailored chemicals, pharmaceuticals, minerals, ceramics, etc. under intensified processes.
The IbD Project will deliver the EU process industry with an affordable and comprehensive devices-and-processes design-platform endeavoured to facilitate process intensification (PI), which specially targets -but is not limited to- solid materials processing. Five PI industry case studies will be implemented in mining, ceramics, pharmaceutical, non-ferrous metals and chemical processes using the IbD approach and to validate the IbD methodologies, tools, PI modules, control and fouling remediation strategies and the ICT Platform itself for the industrial implementation of PI in processes involving solids. The Platform includes design modules for the commonest intensified reactors-Rotating fluidized beds, micro-structured reactor and spinning disk, among others, as well as a generic Module Builder -equipped with a set of both proprietary and third-parties design tools- for designs carried out on the basis of radically novel ideas. The IbD Platform output is basically a data set that comprises the intensified reactor design -ready to be built or assembled-, an optimised whole process design including the upstream/downstream intensified unit operations and their solids handling capability, as well as cleaning methods, etc. and the expected economic and environmental quantitative impacts. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
Q4785902 | DOTT. ING. GIULIANO BOERO | THE PROFESSIONAL FIRM DEALS WITH THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF WORKS OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, ADVICE ON FIRE PREVENTION AND SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE. IT CONSISTS OF A FREELANCER AND VARIOUS EXTERNAL COLLABORATORS. THE DIGITISATION OF THE OFFICE STRUCTURE WOULD FAVOUR SMART WORKING WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF ACCESS TO THE OFFICE SERVER ALSO FROM THE HOME. THIS INNOVATION IS ALSO AN IMPLENTATION REGARDING ACCESS TO PRACTICES REMOTELY WHEN YOU GO TO THE CUSTOMER’S OFFICES, AS WELL AS APPROACHING FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE WEB CUSTOMERS OUTSIDE THE GENOESE TERRITORY THESE NEW TECHNOLOGIES COULD ALSO BE USED FOR THE USE AND DELIVERY OF ONLINE COURSES | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1145/2766950 | Isotopic Approximation Within A Tolerance Volume | We introduce in this paper an algorithm that generates from an input tolerance volume a surface triangle mesh guaranteed to be within the tolerance, intersection free and topologically correct. A pliant meshing algorithm is used to capture the topology and discover the anisotropy in the input tolerance volume in order to generate a concise output. We first refine a 3D Delaunay triangulation over the tolerance volume while maintaining a piecewise-linear function on this triangulation, until an isosurface of this function matches the topology sought after. We then embed the isosurface into the 3D triangulation via mutual tessellation, and simplify it while preserving the topology. Our approach extends to surfaces with boundaries and to non-manifold surfaces. We demonstrate the versatility and efficacy of our approach on a variety of data sets and tolerance volumes. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
2717406 | Probing the mysteries of sweet “on-off” switches of the human immune system: toward the development of novel glycomimetics against bacterial infections | Glycans are directly involved in the normal physiology and in the etiology of several major diseases, spanning from bacterial and viral infections through to cancer and autoimmune disorders. Thus, deciphering the glycome holds huge promise to provide new targets and diagnostics for human health.
Despite the tremendous advance of knowledge in the field of Glycoscience during the last decade, the comprehension at high resolution of the molecular basis of many pathogen-mediated diseases is still incomplete.
GLYCOSWITCH will significantly contribute to fill this gap, providing a holistic picture of the manifold mechanisms of host responses to microbial infections, with a special focus on Gram-negative bacteria. I propose to address bacterial glycans recognition by host immune proteins by using a multidisciplinary approach, combining state-of-the-art synthetic organic chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry and biophysics techniques, massively including NMR spectroscopy. I will apply them in an innovative integrated chemical biology approach in order to decipher key glycan recognition aspects beyond current knowledge. Understanding of molecular mechanisms of detection of invasive virulent bacteria by host organisms will allow to reach the ultimate goal of GLYCOSWITCH project: the design and development of novel and effective glycomimetics able to modulate the function of host immune receptor proteins.
The success of GLYCOSWITCH will unlock attractive opportunities for the development of host-directed strategies to boost the immune response or reverse pathogen-induced immunosuppression.
My unique approach to this project, as an organic chemist with wide expertise in NMR and bacterial glycans, will provide groundbreaking information on protein-glycan interaction systems of paramount importance in biology and biomedicine, opening new avenues for approaching bacterial diseases and their secondary effects. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
802923 | From Evolution to Clockworks:Unravelling the molecular basis of circalunar clocks | Circalunar clocks are endogenous biological clocks, which allow organisms to time development and reproduction to lunar phase. They are common in marine organisms, but their molecular basis is still entirely unknown. Candidate gene approaches have failed so far. In the marine midge Clunio marinus (Diptera: Chironomidae), I can elegantly overcome this problem by exploiting an array of local genetic adaptations in circalunar timing. Through evolutionary analysis, QTL mapping and genome screens my group currently produces evidence-based circalunar candidate genes without any need for prior knowledge or assumptions.
In this ERC proposal, I aim to take this work to the next level and identify the molecular and cellular basis of circalunar clocks. I will establish molecular tools for Clunio and use them to confirm and characterize circalunar clock candidate genes. Specifically, I aim to: (WP1) Establish genome editing and confirm candidate genes via knockout and allelic replacement. (WP2) Study gene expression modules across the lunar cycle and identify the transcriptional regulators that exert circalunar control on development and maturation. (WP3) Describe Clunio’s larval nervous system and trace circalunar clock sensory input pathways to their convergence point. This will identify the cellular substrate of the circalunar clock. (WP4) Settle the on-going debate on the role of circadian clocks in circalunar timing. I will particularly study the role of the famous period gene.
In the future, this molecular endeavour will also boost evolutionary work: Clunio will provide insights into fundamental questions, such as the role of genome architecture in local adaptation. But immediately, unravelling the molecular basis of circalunar clocks will be a breakthrough in chronobiology. It will inspire new ideas and experiments. Comparing circalunar to circadian clocks, we will for the first time be able to see basic principles in the molecular design of biological clocks. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1021/jp400958f | Nuclear spin symmetry conservation and relaxation in water ( <sup>1</sup>H<inf>2</inf><sup>16</sup>O) studied by cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy of supersonic jets | We report high resolution near-infrared laser spectra of water seeded in a supersonic jet expansion of argon probed by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) in the R branch of the 2ν3 band (above 7500 cm-1) at several effective temperatures T < 30 K. Our goal is to study nuclear spin symmetry conservation and relaxation. For low mole fractions of water in the gas mixture, we obtained the lowest rotational temperatures and observed nuclear spin symmetry conservation, in agreement with theoretical expectation for inelastic collisions of isolated H2O molecules with Ar and similar to a previous series of experiments with other small molecules in supersonic jet expansions. However, for the highest mole fractions of water, which we used (xH2O < 1. 6%), we obtained slightly higher rotational temperatures and observed nuclear spin symmetry relaxation, which cannot be explained by the intramolecular quantum relaxation mechanism in the monomer H2O. The nuclear spin symmetry relaxation observed is, indeed, seen to be related to the formation of water clusters at the early stage of the supersonic jet expansion. Under these conditions, two mechanisms can contribute to nuclear spin symmetry relaxation. The results are discussed in relation to claims of the stability of nuclear spin isomers of H2O in the condensed phase and briefly also to astrophysical spectroscopy. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1109/TPAMI.2014.2343235 | Non Rigid Graph Registration Using Active Testing Search | We present a new approach for matching sets of branching curvilinear structures that form graphs embedded in ${\mathbb {R}}^2$ or ${\mathbb {R}}^3$ and may be subject to deformations. Unlike earlier methods, ours does not rely on local appearance similarity nor does require a good initial alignment. Furthermore, it can cope with non-linear deformations, topological differences, and partial graphs. To handle arbitrary non-linear deformations, we use Gaussian process regressions to represent the geometrical mapping relating the two graphs. In the absence of appearance information, we iteratively establish correspondences between points, update the mapping accordingly, and use it to estimate where to find the most likely correspondences that will be used in the next step. To make the computation tractable for large graphs, the set of new potential matches considered at each iteration is not selected at random as with many RANSAC-based algorithms. Instead, we introduce a so-called Active Testing Search strategy that performs a priority search to favor the most likely matches and speed-up the process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach first on synthetic cases and then on angiography data, retinal fundus images, and microscopy image stacks acquired at very different resolutions. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
220115 | Galois representations and diophantine problems | Wiles' remarkable proof of Fermat's Last Theorem paved the way for the modular approach to Diophantine equations. This associates a Frey elliptic curve to a putative solution of a Diophantine equation and studies it using Galois representations and modularity. This proposal is organized around two research programmes, both of which develop new tools for the modular approach. The first is concerned with distinguishing Galois representations; this is currently the most frequent obstruction to the success of the approach. The second aims to prove modularity and irreducibility theorems for abelian varieties of GL2 type. Such theorems are of tremendous independent interest, but will also allow the replacement of Frey elliptic curves with Frey abelian varieties giving the modular approach immense flexibility.
The University of Warwick has a strong and active number theory group, making it a natural host for the project. The Supervisor, Professor Siksek, is a leading expert on curves, rational points, Diophantine equations and modularity, with considerable experience in supervising research including eight postdocs and ten completed PhD students.
The Researcher, Dr Freitas, did his undergraduate studies in Lisbon, and his PhD at the University of Barcelona. He has worked for almost three years in Germany (Bonn and Bayreuth), and is now a postdoctoral fellow at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver). He has a successful track record of research in modularity and Diophantine equations, with 12 papers already published or accepted in excellent journals. He was awarded the prestigious 2014 Jose Luis Rubio de Francia prize by the Spanish Mathematical Society. The envisioned research will make the Researcher influential in Diophantine equations and adjacent subjects. The project will reintegrate him into the European research environment, and allow him to realize his ambition of becoming an independent researcher at a leading European institution. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
US 9708504 W | SATIN AND TINTED SATIN IRIDESCENT FILMS | This invention provides a thermoplastic multilayer resinous film in which two or more resinous materials form a plurality of very thin layers of substantially uniform thickness, the layers being substantially parallel, the contiguous adjacent layers being of different transparent thermoplastic resinous materials differing in refractive index, each of the outermost skin layers being at least 5 % of the total thickness of the film and the multilayer film containing a sufficient quantity of a pearlescent pigment to render it non-glossy. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2382146853 | Shanghai FTA's Impact on Commercial Banks and Strategy | Shanghai FTA has important strategic significance. It is the realization of China miracle second season,the higher level of the active liberalization measure. Implementing regulatory model change,trade transformation and upgrading,financial institutional innovation of the three dividend for China's economic development,FTA will have three effect: reform demonstration effect,the combined effect of factors and regional linkage effects. To Commercial banks,Shanghai FTA provides new market opportunities and business space,while commercial banks in favor of strengthening business innovation. Therefore,commercial banks must attach great importance to policy signals FTA released,seize the opportunities of the financial system innovation to actively cope with the impact caused by the construction of the FTA through the strengthening of policy research,tracking customer demand and strengthen inter.nal and external linkage region,strengthening business innovation and ther measures. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1039/C5CC07602A | Reaction Of Diazocompounds With C70 Unprecedented Synthesis And Characterization Of Isomeric 5 6 Fulleroids | The synthesis of a variety of PCBM-type [5,6]-fulleroids and their further highly selective photoisomerization to the respective [6,6]-methanofullerenes is presented. Interestingly, the chemical reactivity of [5,6]-fulleroids reveals the same trend (a > b > c > d) to that observed for pristine C70 (α > β > γ > δ). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.3389/fcell.2018.00104 | Hypoxia and selective autophagy in cancer development and therapy | Low oxygen availability, a condition known as hypoxia, is a common feature of various pathologies including stroke, ischemic heart disease, and cancer. Hypoxia adaptation requires coordination of intricate pathways and mechanisms such as hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the unfolded protein response (UPR), mTOR, and autophagy. Recently, great effort has been invested toward elucidating the interplay between hypoxia-induced autophagy and cancer cell metabolism. Although novel types of selective autophagy have been identified, including mitophagy, pexophagy, lipophagy, ERphagy and nucleophagy among others, their potential interface with hypoxia response mechanisms remains poorly understood. Autophagy activation facilitates the removal of damaged cellular compartments and recycles components, thus promoting cell survival. Importantly, tumor cells rely on autophagy to support self-proliferation and metastasis; characteristics related to poor disease prognosis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular crosstalk between hypoxia response mechanisms and autophagy could provide important insights with relevance to cancer and hypoxia-related pathologies. Here, we survey recent findings implicating selective autophagy in hypoxic responses, and discuss emerging links between these pathways and cancer pathophysiology. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/nrurol.2016.26 | Current use of PSMA-PET in prostate cancer management | Currently, the findings of imaging procedures used for detection or staging of prostate cancer depend on morphology of lymph nodes or bone metabolism and do not always meet diagnostic needs. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane protein that has considerable overexpression on most prostate cancer cells, has gained increasing interest as a target molecule for imaging. To date, several small compounds for labelling PSMA have been developed and are currently being investigated as imaging probes for PET with the 68 Ga-labelled PSMA inhibitor Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC being the most widely studied agent. 68 Ga-PSMA-PET imaging in combination with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) might provide additional molecular information on cancer localization within the prostate. In patients with primary prostate cancer of intermediate-risk to high-risk, PSMA-based imaging has been reported to improve detection of metastatic disease compared with CT or mpMRI, rendering additional cross-sectional imaging or bone scintigraphy unnecessary. Furthermore, in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer, use of 68 Ga-PSMA-PET imaging has been shown to increase detection of metastatic sites, even at low serum PSA values, compared with conventional imaging or PET examination with different tracers. Thus, although current knowledge is still limited and derived mostly from retrospective series, PSMA-based imaging holds great promise to improve prostate cancer management. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2093359839 | Channel estimation method using power control schemes in wireless systems | Green communication is a new paradigm of designing the communication system which considers not only the processing performance but also the energy efficiency. Power control management is one of the approaches in green communication to reduce the power consumption in distributed communication system. In this paper, we propose improved power control schemes for mobile satellite systems with ancillary terrestrial components (ATCs). In order to increase system capacity and reduce the transmitting power of the user's equipment, we propose an efficient channel estimation method consisting of a modified open-loop power control (OLPC) and closed-loop power control (CLPC). The OLPC works well if the forward and reverse links are perfectly correlated. The CLPC is sensitive to round-trip delay and, therefore, it is not effective in a mobile satellite system. In order to solve the above problem, we added monitoring equipment to both the OLPC and CLPC to use information about transmitting power that has not yet been received by the receiver over the satellite/ATC channel. Moreover, we adapted an efficient pilot diversity of both OLPC and CLPC in order to get a better signal to interference plus noise ratio estimation of the received signal. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1126/science.1238025 | Technical Comment on “The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals” | O’Leary et al. (Research Article, 8 February 2013, p. 662) examined mammalian relationships and divergence times and concluded that a single placental ancestor crossed the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. This conclusion relies on phylogenetic analyses that fail to discriminate between homology and homoplasy and further implies virus-like rates of nucleotide substitution in early Paleocene placentals. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1887061577 | Gamma Irradiation and In vitro Selection Could Increase Drought Tolerance in Sugarcane | Drought is one of the problems that decrease sugarcane productivity. Therefore it needs to develop a new drought tolerant sugarcane variety. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the response of gamma irradiated calli and drought tolerant of putative mutants through in vitro and in vivo selection . Kidang Kencana (KK) variety was used as mother plant in this study. It has high productivity but susceptible to drought stress. Embryogenic calli were induced on MS media supplemented with 9 µM 2.4-D + 4.5 µM Picloram. Six levels of Gamma rays irradiation were used (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy), while two levels of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) were used for in vitro selection (0 and 10%). The plantlets derived from in vitro selection were acclimatized and selected in greenhouse. These putative mutants were treated with drought and watering condition (control). The result showed that irradiated calli at 10 and 20 Gy were more tolerant to 10% PEG selection media compared to the negative control (0 Gy). Among 42 obtained, the 17 putative mutants had higher drought tolerance than their negative and positive controls. However, only four putative mutants had higher drought tolerance level than positive control (PSJT 941). It was concluded that gamma irradiation continued with in vitro and in vivo selection could increase drought tolerance of sugarcane. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1098/rsbl.2015.0509 | Is domestication driven by reduced fear of humans? Boldness, metabolism and serotonin levels in divergently selected red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) | Domesticated animals tend to develop a coherent set of phenotypic traits. Tameness could be a central underlying factor driving this, and we therefore selected red junglefowl, ancestors of all domestic chickens, for high or low fear of humans during six generations. We measured basal metabolic rate (BMR), feed efficiency, boldness in a novel object (NO) test, corticosterone reactivity and basal serotonin levels (related to fearfulness) in birds from the fifth and sixth generation of the high- And low-fear lines, respectively (44-48 individuals). Corticosterone response to physical restraint did not differ between selection lines. However, BMR was higher in low-fear birds, as was feed efficiency. Low-fear males had higher plasma levels of serotonin and both low-fear males and females were bolder in an NO test. The results show that many aspects of the domesticated phenotype may have developed as correlated responses to reduced fear of humans, an essential trait for successful domestication. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
Q4242014 | MELHORIA DO PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO PARA A REALIZAÇÃO DE PORTAS E JANELAS | L — A INTRODUÇÃO DE MÁQUINAS INOVADORAS E NOVAS FERRAMENTAS PERMITIRÁ QUE A EMPRESA INICIE UM PROCESSO DE INOVAÇÃO NA EMPRESA, O QUE MELHORARÁ OS TEMPOS DE PRODUÇÃO, BEM COMO AUMENTARÁ A QUALIDADE E O ACABAMENTO DAS PORTAS E JANELAS REALIZADAS. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-47491-1_20 | A Shell Finite Element Model For Superelasticity Of Shape Memory Alloys | A finite element formulation for the analysis of large strains of thin-walled shape memory alloys is briefly presented. For the shell model we use a seven-kinematic-parameter model for large deformations and rotations, which takes into account the through-the-thickness stretch and can directly incorporate a fully 3D inelastic constitutive equations. As for the constitutive model, we use a large strain isotropic formulation that is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into the elastic and the transformation part and uses the transformation deformation tensor as an internal variable. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the approach. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/1468-2427.12725 | Grabbed Urban Landscapes: Socio-spatial Tensions in Green Infrastructure Planning in Medellín | Cities confronted with unsustainable development and climatic changes are increasingly turning to green infrastructure as an approach for growth and climate risk management. In this context, recent scholarly attention has been paid to gentrification, real-estate speculation and resident displacement in the context of sustainability and green planning in the global North. Yet we know little about the environmental-justice implications of green infrastructure planning in the context of self-built settlements of the global South. To what extent do green infrastructure interventions produce or exacerbate urban socio-spatial inequities in self-built settlements? Through the analysis of a greenbelt project, an emblematic case of green infrastructure planning in Medellín, we argue that, as the Municipality of Medellín is containing and beautifying low-income neighborhoods through grabbing part of their territories and turning them into green landscapes of privilege and pleasure, communities are becoming dispossessed of their greatest assets—location, land and social capital. In the process, community land is transformed into a new form of aesthetically controlled and ordered nature for the middle and upper classes and for tourists. By contrast, communities’ planning alternatives reveal how green planning can better address growth and climate risks in tandem with equitable community development. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1039/C9NR03009C | Anisotropic Buckling Of Few Layer Black Phosphorus | When a two-dimensional material, adhered onto a compliant substrate, is subjected to compression it can undertake a buckling instability yielding to a periodic rippling. Interestingly, when black phosphorus flakes are compressed along the zig-zag crystal direction the flake buckles forming ripples with a 40% longer period than that obtained when the compression is applied along the armchair direction. This anisotropic buckling stems from the puckered honeycomb crystal structure of black phosphorus and a quantitative analysis of the ripple period allows us to determine the Youngs's modulus of few-layer black phosphorus along the armchair direction (EbP_AC = 35. 1 +- 6. 3 GPa) and the zig-zag direction (EbP_ZZ = 93. 3 +- 21. 8 GPa). | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-020-57710-7 | CREBBP and WDR 24 Identified as Candidate Genes for Quantitative Variation in Red-Brown Plumage Colouration in the Chicken | AbstractPlumage colouration in birds is important for a plethora of reasons, ranging from camouflage, sexual signalling, and species recognition. The genes underlying colour variation have been vital in understanding how genes can affect a phenotype. Multiple genes have been identified that affect plumage variation, but research has principally focused on major-effect genes (such as those causing albinism, barring, and the like), rather than the smaller effect modifier loci that more subtly influence colour. By utilising a domestic × wild advanced intercross with a combination of classical QTL mapping of red colouration as a quantitative trait and a targeted genetical genomics approach, we have identified five separate candidate genes (CREBBP, WDR24, ARL8A, PHLDA3, LAD1) that putatively influence quantitative variation in red-brown colouration in chickens. By treating colour as a quantitative rather than qualitative trait, we have identified both QTL and genes of small effect. Such small effect loci are potentially far more prevalent in wild populations, and can therefore potentially be highly relevant to colour evolution. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/013026 | Modeling The Collective Magnetic Behavior Of Highly Packed Arrays Of Multi Segmented Nanowires | A powerful model to evaluate the collective magnetic response of large arrays of segmented nanowires comprising two magnetic segments of dissimilar coercivity separated by a non-magnetic spacer is introduced. The model captures the essential aspects of the underlying physics in these systems while being at the same time computationally tractable for relatively large arrays. The minimum lateral and vertical distances rendering densely packed weakly-interacting nanowires and segments are calculated for optimizing their performance in applications like magnetic sensors or recording media. The obtained results are appealing for the design of multifunctional miniaturized devices actuated by external magnetic fields, whose successful implementation relies on achieving a delicate balance between two opposing technological demands: the need for an ultra-high density of nanowires per unit area and the minimization of inter-wire and inter-segment dipolar interactions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nprot.2012.028 | Using bleach-chase to measure protein half-lives in living cells | Protein removal has a central role in numerous cellular processes. Obtaining systematic measurements of multiple protein removal rates is necessary to understand the principles that govern these processes, but it is currently a major technical challenge. To address this, we developed 'bleach-chase', a noninvasive method for measuring the half-lives of multiple proteins at high temporal resolution in living cells. The method uses a library of annotated human reporter cell clones, each with a unique fluorescently tagged protein expressed from its native chromosomal location. In this protocol, we detail a simple procedure that bleaches the cells and uses time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and automated image analysis to systematically measure the half-life dynamics of multiple proteins. The duration of the protocol is 4-5 d. The method may be applicable to a wide range of fluorescently tagged proteins and cell lines. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.018702 | Heterogeneous connections induce oscillations in large-scale networks | Realistic large-scale networks display a heterogeneous distribution of connectivity weights that might also randomly vary in time. We show that, depending on the level of heterogeneity in the connectivity coefficients, different qualitative macroscopic and microscopic regimes emerge. We evidence, in particular, generic transitions from stationary to perfectly periodic phase-locked regimes as the disorder parameter is increased, both in a simple model treated analytically and in a biologically relevant network made of excitable cells. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1186/s40168-018-0445-0 | Microbial interactions within the plant holobiont | Since the colonization of land by ancestral plant lineages 450 million years ago, plants and their associated microbes have been interacting with each other, forming an assemblage of species that is often referred to as a "holobiont. " Selective pressure acting on holobiont components has likely shaped plant-associated microbial communities and selected for host-adapted microorganisms that impact plant fitness. However, the high microbial densities detected on plant tissues, together with the fast generation time of microbes and their more ancient origin compared to their host, suggest that microbe-microbe interactions are also important selective forces sculpting complex microbial assemblages in the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and plant endosphere compartments. Reductionist approaches conducted under laboratory conditions have been critical to decipher the strategies used by specific microbes to cooperate and compete within or outside plant tissues. Nonetheless, our understanding of these microbial interactions in shaping more complex plant-associated microbial communities, along with their relevance for host health in a more natural context, remains sparse. Using examples obtained from reductionist and community-level approaches, we discuss the fundamental role of microbe-microbe interactions (prokaryotes and micro-eukaryotes) for microbial community structure and plant health. We provide a conceptual framework illustrating that interactions among microbiota members are critical for the establishment and the maintenance of host-microbial homeostasis. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2916952475 | Chronology and phenomenology of the 1982 and 2015 Wolf volcano eruptions, Galápagos Archipelago | Abstract The 1982 and 2015 eruptions were the first at Wolf volcano, Galapagos Archipelago, with eyewitness accounts and satellite imagery. Both eruptions were characterized by a rapid and intense initial phase, with multiple eruptive vents, leading to the formation of large ‘a‘ā lava fields and scarce pāhoehoe mostly associated with the waning phases. The 1982 eruption started on 28 August from an intra-caldera vent that produced high lava fountains, as well as a radial fissure on the SE flank. The whole eruption lasted for at least 9 days and generated ~52.5E + 6 m3 DRE (dense rock equivalent) of lava. The 2015 eruption started on 25 May from a circumferential fissure that produced high lava fountains and deposited reticulite scoria on the flanks of the volcano. For the first time since the onset of volcano monitoring in Galapagos, we report cryptotephra from the 2015 eruption reaching and depositing in mainland Ecuador, 1400 km away from the source. Lava from the 2015 circumferential vents covered ~18.5 km2 on the SE and E flanks. On 13 June 2015, the eruption switched to an intra-caldera vent that was active until 30 June, and produced lava flows that covered most of the caldera floor. The 2015 eruption lasted 36 days and produced ~87E + 6 m3 DRE of lava, making it the fourth largest eruption in Galapagos since the eruption of Sierra Negra in 1979. We use combined ground-based geophysical surveillance, remote sensing, eyewitness accounts, and detailed field work to constrain the eruptive dynamics of this remote volcano. Our approach allows quantification of eruption rates, which are critical for understanding volcanic systems and for hazard assessment. First order rheological calculations permit us to further constrain the eruption dynamics and emplacement of the lava fields. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
FR 0202627 W | NOVEL METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF (2S, 3AS, 7AS)-1-[(S)-ALANYL]-OCTAHYDRO-1 H -INDOLE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND USE FOR SYNTHESIS OF PERINDOPRIL | The invention concerns a method for industrial synthesis of compounds of formula (I), wherein: R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl group or benzyl, and R2 represents a group protecting the amino function. The invention also concerns the use of same for industrial synthesis of perindopril of formula (II) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP12(2010)014 | Spiky Strings And Giant Holes | We analyse semiclassical strings in AdS in the limit of one large spin. In this limit, classical string dynamics is described by a finite number of collective coordinates corresponding to spikes or cusps of the string. The semiclassical spectrum consists of two branches of excitations corresponding to "large" and "small" spikes respectively. We propose that these states are dual to the excitations known as large and small holes in the spin chain description of N=4 SUSY Yang-Mills. The dynamics of large spikes in classical string theory can be mapped to that of a classical spin chain of fixed length. In turn, small spikes correspond to classical solitons propagating on the background formed by the large spikes. We derive the dispersion relation for these excitations directly in the finite gap formalism. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
EP 13186105 A | Snowblower head for a brush cutter device | A snowblower fitting, comprising: a casing (2), provided with a front portion (21), through which the snow enters the casing (2) along an entry direction (A), and a rear portion (22), at which the snow exits from the casing (2); a rotor (3), predisposed to convey the snow from the entry portion (21) towards the rear portion (22). The rotor (3) exhibits a rotation axis (X) directed parallel to the entry direction (A) and is provided with blades (4) each of which comprises a front portion (41) and a rear portion (42). The front portion (41) is structured for displacing the snow towards the rear portion (42). The rear portion (42) is structured for projecting the snow in a substantially radial direction with respect to the rotation axis (X), | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
215570 | Era-Net cofund electric mobility europe | In collaboration with the European Commission and the European Green Vehicles Initiative Association, European countries and regions will set-up an ERA-NET Cofund to further promote electric mobility in Europe. Electric Mobility Europe builds on the experiences, networks and results of Electromobility+ and is designed to take transnational e-mobility research and policy exchange to the next level.
With a two-track approach, the initiative will link research and policy practice in support of electric mobility at the European level.
The first of two pillars of Electric Mobility Europe will fund innovation projects focussing on the application and demonstration of e-mobility with the objective of advancing the mainstreaming of the electrification of mobility in Europe. The initiative will bring together about 30 million EUR for supporting applied innovation projects, including up to 10 million EUR of co-funding provided by the European Commission under Horizon 2020.
In 2016, the initiative will issue a call for project proposals addressing the key areas of electric mobility:
1. System integration (transport, (sub)urban areas)
2. Integration of urban freight and city logistics in the e-mobility
3. Smart Mobility concepts and ICT applications
4. Public transport
5. Consumer behaviour and societal trends
In addition to funding innovation and demonstration projects, the ERA-NET Cofund Electric Mobility Europe will establish a second pillar of activity. The network will provide a platform for cooperation and exchange of information and experiences among participating countries and regions. In this context, know-how will be shared on setting conducive conditions for the development of electric mobility in Europe (e.g. on charging infrastructure). The network will support this by facilitating suitable means of cooperation such as workshops or seminars in order to exchange or coordinate required actions, in attunement with the European Green Vehicle Initiative Association. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1109/TWC.2017.2706279 | Feedback Mechanisms For Fdd Massive Mimo With D2D Based Limited Csi Sharing | Channel state information (CSI) feedback is a challenging issue in frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive MIMO systems. This paper studies a cooperative feedback scheme, where the users first exchange their CSI with each other through device-to-device (D2D) communications, then compute the precoder by themselves, and feedback the precoder to the base station (BS). Analytical results are derived to show that the cooperative precoder feedback is more efficient than the CSI feedback in terms of interference mitigation. To reduce the delays for CSI exchange, we develop an adaptive CSI exchange strategy based on signal subspace projection and optimal bit partition. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed cooperative precoder feedback scheme with adaptive CSI exchange significantly outperforms the CSI feedback scheme, even under moderate delays for CSI exchange via D2D. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2029217068 | Localization of brain electrical activity sources and hemodynamic activity foci during motor imagery | Studied are sources of brain activity contributing to EEG patterns which correspond to motor imagery. The accuracy of their classification determines the efficiency of brain-computer interface (BCI) allowing for controlling external technical devices directly by brain signals without involving muscle activity. Sources of brain activity are identified by Independent Component Analysis. Those independent components for which the BCI classification accuracy are at maximum are treated as relevant for motor imagery task. Two of the most relevant sources demonstrate strictly exposed event related desynchronization and synchronization of mu--rhythm during imagery of contra--and ipsilateral hands. These sources are localized by solving inverse EEG problem taking into account individual geometry of brain and its covers provided by anatomical MRI images. The sources are shown to be localized in BA 3A relating to proprioceptive sensitivity of the contralateral hand. Their positions are closed to foci of BOLD activity obtained by fMRI. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1086/673497 | How Life History Influences Population Dynamics In Fluctuating Environments | A major question in ecology is how age-specific variation in demographic parameters influences population dynamics. Based on long-term studies of growing populations of birds and mammals, we analyze population dynamics by using fluctuations in the total reproductive value of the population. This enables us to account for random fluctuations in age distribution. The influence of demographic and environmental stochasticity on the population dynamics of a species decreased with generation time. Variation in age-specific contributions to total reproductive value and to stochastic components of population dynamics was correlated with the position of the species along the slow-fast continuum of life-history variation. Younger age classes relative to the generation time accounted for larger contributions to the total reproductive value and to demographic stochasticity in "slow" than in "fast" species, in which many age classes contributed more equally. In contrast, fluctuations in population growth rate attributable to stochastic environmental variation involved a larger proportion of all age classes independent of life history. Thus, changes in population growth rates can be surprisingly well explained by basic species-specific life-history characteristics. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1007518 | The last universal common ancestor between ancient Earth chemistry and the onset of genetics | All known life forms trace back to a last universal common ancestor (LUCA) that witnessed the onset of Darwinian evolution. One can ask questions about LUCA in various ways, the most common way being to look for traits that are common to all cells, like ribosomes or the genetic code. With the availability of genomes, we can, however, also ask what genes are ancient by virtue of their phylogeny rather than by virtue of being universal. That approach, undertaken recently, leads to a different view of LUCA than we have had in the past, one that fits well with the harsh geochemical setting of early Earth and resembles the biology of prokaryotes that today inhabit the Earth's crust. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029703 | Microrna 146A As A Regulator Of Cardiac Energy Metabolism | Article, see p 747
The heart has a high mitochondrial content to generate the vast amount of ATP that is needed to provide the energy that is required for the continuous mechanical workload. Cellular ATP is predominantly used to support the contraction-relaxation cycle within the myocardium. Although cardiac mitochondria are flexible in using substrates to generate energy, the conversion of free fatty acids and glucose accounts for most of the ATP production in the healthy adult heart. 1 However, during advanced stages of heart failure there is an imbalance between energy demand and availability, accompanied by a downregulation of fatty acid oxidation and an increase in glycolysis. 2 Glucose becomes an important preferential substrate in the failing heart, and it is suggested that the derangement of the cardiac energy substrate metabolism plays a key role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. 3 Manipulations that improve the oxidative capacity of the heart during disease might be beneficial for cardiac function and slow the progression of heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding pieces of RNA that regulate gene expression by binding to recognition sequences that are usually located within the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target genes. Binding of the miRNA to these sequences blocks the translational activity of these transcripts, leading to a reduction in protein formation. 4 As is true for many aspects of heart disease, miRNAs have previously also been shown to be involved in the regulation of energy metabolism during heart failure. 5
A miRNA that has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction of the heart is miR-181c. MiR-181c has been proposed to function in the mitochondrial compartment of cardiomyocytes by targeting mt-COX1 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-181c induced a loss of mt-COX1 expression, which led to an increase in mt-COX2 levels and subsequent remodeling of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV. … | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP06(2017)119 | Closing The Window For Compressed Dark Sectors With Disappearing Charged Tracks | We investigate the sensitivity at current and future hadron colliders to a heavy electrically-charged particle with a proper decay length below a centimetre, whose decay products are invisible due to below-threshold energies and/or small couplings to the Standard Model. A cosmologically-motivated example of a framework that contains such a particle is the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model in the limit of pure Higgsinos. The current hadron-collider search strategy has no sensitivity to the upper range of pure Higgsino masses that are consistent with the thermal relic density, even at a future collider with 100 TeV centre-of-mass energy. We show that performing a disappearing track search within the inner 10 cm of detector volume would improve the reach in lifetime by a factor of 3 at the 14 TeV LHC and a further factor of 5 at a 100 TeV collider, resulting in around 10 events for 1. 1 TeV thermal Higgsinos. In order to include the particles with the largest boost in the analysis, we furthermore propose a purely track-based search in both the central and forward regions, each of which would increase the number of events by another factor of 5, improving our reach at small lifetimes. This would allow us to definitively discover or exclude the experimentally-elusive pure-Higgsino thermal relic at a 100 TeV collider. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
724748 | The functional interaction of EGFR and beta-catenin signalling in colorectal cancer: Genetics, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential. | Monoclonal antibodies against the EGF receptor (EGFR) provide substantive benefit to colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, no genetic lesions that robustly predict ‘addiction’ to the EGFR pathway have been yet identified. Further, even in tumours that regress after EGFR blockade, subsets of drug-tolerant cells often linger and foster ‘minimal residual disease’ (MRD), which portends tumour relapse.
Our preliminary evidence suggests that reliance on EGFR activity, as opposed to MRD persistence, could be assisted by genetically-based variations in transcription factor partnerships and activities, gene expression outputs, and biological fates controlled by the WNT/beta-catenin pathway. On such premises, BEAT (Beta-catenin and EGFR Abrogation Therapy) will elucidate the mechanisms of EGFR dependency, and escape from it, with the goal to identify biomarkers for more efficient clinical management of CRC and develop new therapies for MRD eradication.
A multidisciplinary approach will be pursued spanning from integrative gene regulation analyses to functional genomics in vitro, pharmacological experiments in vivo, and clinical investigation, to address whether: (i) specific genetic alterations of the WNT pathway affect anti-EGFR sensitivity; (ii) combined neutralisation of EGFR and WNT signals fuels MRD deterioration; (iii) data from analysis of this synergy can lead to the discovery of clinically meaningful biomarkers with predictive and prognostic significance.
This proposal capitalises on a unique proprietary platform for high-content studies based on a large biobank of viable CRC samples, which ensures strong analytical power and unprecedented biological flexibility. By providing fresh insight into the mechanisms whereby WNT/beta-catenin signalling differentially sustains EGFR dependency or drug tolerance, the project is expected to put forward an innovative reinterpretation of CRC molecular bases and advance the rational application of more effective therapies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1002/2014RG000464 | Future Changes To The Intensity And Frequency Of Short Duration Extreme Rainfall | Evidence that extreme rainfall intensity is increasing at the global scale has strengthened considerably in recent years. Research now indicates that the greatest increases are likely to occur in short-duration storms lasting less than a day, potentially leading to an increase in the magnitude and frequency of flash floods. This review examines the evidence for subdaily extreme rainfall intensification due to anthropogenic climate change and describes our current physical understanding of the association between subdaily extreme rainfall intensity and atmospheric temperature. We also examine the nature, quality, and quantity of information needed to allow society to adapt successfully to predicted future changes, and discuss the roles of observational and modeling studies in helping us to better understand the physical processes that can influence subdaily extreme rainfall characteristics. We conclude by describing the types of research required to produce a more thorough understanding of the relationships between local-scale thermodynamic effects, large-scale atmospheric circulation, and subdaily extreme rainfall intensity. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1126/science.aad0189 | Systems proteomics of liver mitochondria function | Recent improvements in quantitative proteomics approaches, including Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS), permit reproducible large-scale protein measurements across diverse cohorts. Together with genomics, transcriptomics, and other technologies, transomic data sets can be generated that permit detailed analyses across broad molecular interaction networks. Here, we examine mitochondrial links to livermetabolism through the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of 386 individuals in the BXD mouse reference population. Several links were validated between genetic variants toward transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and phenotypes. Among these, sequence variants in Cox7a2l alter its protein's activity, which in turn leads to downstream differences in mitochondrial supercomplex formation. This data set demonstrates that the proteome can now be quantified comprehensively, serving as a key complement to transcriptomics, genomics, and metabolomics - a combination moving us forward in complex trait analysis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/stz3173 | Slingshot prominences: coronal structure, mass loss and spin down | Abstract
The structure of a star’s coronal magnetic field is a fundamental property that governs the high-energy emission from the hot coronal gas and the loss of mass and angular momentum in the stellar wind. It is, however, extremely difficult to measure. We report a new method to trace this structure in rapidly-rotating young convective stars, using the cool gas trapped on coronal field lines as markers. This gas forms “slingshot prominences” which appear as transient absorption features in H-α. By using different methods of extrapolating this field from the surface measurements, we determine locations for prominence support and produce synthetic H-α stacked spectra. The absorption features produced with a potential field extrapolation match well this those observed, while those from a non-potential field do not. In systems where the rotation and magnetic axes are well aligned, up to $50\%$ of the prominence mass may transit the star and so produces a observable feature. This fraction may fall as low as $~2\%$ in very highly inclined systems. Ejected prominences carry away mass and angular momentum at rates that vary by two orders of magnitude, but which may approach those carried by the stellar wind. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/s10494-017-9869-z | Adverse-Pressure-Gradient Effects on Turbulent Boundary Layers: Statistics and Flow-Field Organization | This manuscripts presents a study on adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers under different Reynolds-number and pressure-gradient conditions. In this work we performed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements supplemented with Large-Eddy Simulations in order to have a dataset covering a range of displacement-thickness-based Reynolds-number 2300 <Re 34000 and values of the Clauser pressure-gradient parameter β up to 2. 4. The spatial resolution limits of PIV for the estimation of turbulence statistics have been overcome via ensemble-based approaches. A comparison between ensemble-correlation and ensemble Particle Tracking Velocimetry was carried out to assess the uncertainty of the two methods. The effects of β, Re and of the pressure-gradient history on turbulence statistics were assessed. A modal analysis via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition was carried out on the flow fields and showed that about 20% of the energy contribution corresponds to the first mode, while 40% of the turbulent kinetic energy corresponds to the first four modes with no appreciable dependence on β and Re within the investigated range. The topology of the spatial modes shows a dependence on the Reynolds number and on the pressure-gradient strength, in line with the results obtained from the analysis of the turbulence statistics. The contribution of the modes to the Reynolds stresses and the turbulence production was assessed using a truncated low-order reconstruction with progressively larger number of modes. It is shown that the outer peaks in the Reynolds-stress profiles are mostly due to large-scale structures in the outer part of the boundary layer. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
interreg_1752 | INterregional Ecosystem for entRepreneurship, ReseArch and Technology | In the past years, Countries have understood the importance to bet on innovative entrepreneurship, promoting the launch of companies based on the research activities of youngs, researchers, startuppers. However, in the territories involved in this Programme, the lack of funding and networking opportunities are hampering these enterprises to grow. Moreover, research centers often do not know how to turn successful ideas into concrete products and services.
This project aims at creating an innovative ecosystem, inter-linked with research and entrepreneurial actors in public-private logic, able to foster dialogue between different territories, enhance collaborative research actions, supporting talents mobility and strengthen the capacity of attracting private capitals. To realize this, it will implement the following main operative steps: Supporting the creation of an interregional network among the main stakeholders: research and technological centers, companies and public administrations; Defining a model for the technology centre, exportable in Albania and Montenegro and based on the Italian 20 years' experience; Facilitating knowledge sharing & talents mobility. The Main outputs of the project will be: The Interregional Ecosystem, networking businesses, research centers, technological districts and Public Administrations, an international cluster for the promotion of Spin-offs, Start-ups, and innovative organizations operating, in the mid-long term, as an international Hub able to catalyze experiences, knowledge and expertise; the Albanian Technological Center, set in Tirana; International liveshows and workshops across project partners’ territories, to promote the project cluster, attract private investment funds, and look for new creative talents and potential innovative SMEs; continuous training Fund. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
311363 | Synthetic Metabolism in Plants: Elucidating Vinblastine Biosynthesis and Implementing Strategies to Overproduce Complex Plant Metabolites | Nature produces a spectacularly diverse array of complex molecules that are exploited for many applications. Elucidating the biosynthetic pathways that are used to construct these complex molecules allows implementation of metabolic engineering or synthetic biology strategies that can dramatically improve production levels of these compounds. Moreover, identifying the biosynthetic genes facilitates study of the unprecedented biochemistry harboured within these specialised metabolic pathways. Unfortunately, research progress in plant specialised metabolism has lagged, in large part due to the complexities of plant systems. This has hampered the application of state-of-the-art synthetic biology approaches that can exploit this rich metabolism. The availability of inexpensive sequence data makes this an outstanding time to revisit difficult questions in plant metabolism. My group has recently obtained RNA-seq data for 24 tissues for Catharanthus roseus, which produces vinblastine, an anti-cancer drug that is arguably one of the most complex natural products found in plants. Moreover, my group has recently pioneered the implementation of gene silencing technology in C. roseus, which provides, for the first time, the means to rapidly assess C. roseus gene function in planta. This ensures that we will have a reasonably high-throughput platform by which we can assess gene candidates identified by hierarchical clustering analysis. In Objective 1, we outline a plan to identify vinblastine biosynthetic gene candidates using our transcriptome data and then screen these candidates for function in planta. We also propose a series of in vitro assays by which to characterise promising gene candidates biochemically. In Objective 2, we propose to reconstitute portions of the vinblastine pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco) to create high-yielding platforms for production of valuable plant metabolites. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2060900710 | Modeling Paying Behavior in Game Social Networks | Online gaming is one of the largest industries on the Internet, generating tens of billions of dollars in revenues annually. One core problem in online game is to find and convert free users into paying customers, which is of great importance for the sustainable development of almost all online games. Although much research has been conducted, there are still several challenges that remain largely unsolved: What are the fundamental factors that trigger the users to pay? How does users? paying behavior influence each other in the game social network? How to design a prediction model to recognize those potential users who are likely to pay? In this paper, employing two large online games as the basis, we study how a user becomes a new paying user in the games. In particular, we examine how users' paying behavior influences each other in the game social network. We study this problem from various sociological perspectives including strong/weak ties, social structural diversity and social influence. Based on the discovered patterns, we propose a learning framework to predict potential new payers. The framework can learn a model using features associated with users and then use the social relationships between users to refine the learned model. We test the proposed framework using nearly 50 billion user activities from two real games. Our experiments show that the proposed framework significantly improves the prediction accuracy by up to 3-11% compared to several alternative methods. The study also unveils several intriguing social phenomena from the data. For example, influence indeed exists among users for the paying behavior. The likelihood of a user becoming a new paying user is 5 times higher than chance when he has 5 paying neighbors of strong tie. We have deployed the proposed algorithm into the game, and the Lift_Ratio has been improved up to 196% compared to the prior strategy. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2011.0882 | Evolution of a mimicry supergene from a multilocus architecture | The origin and evolution of supergenes have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. In the polymorphic butterfly
Heliconius numata
, a supergene controls the switch between multiple different forms, and results in near-perfect mimicry of model species. Here, we use a morphometric analysis to quantify the variation in wing pattern observed in two broods of
H. numata
with different alleles at the supergene locus, ‘
P
’. Further, we genotype the broods to associate the variation we capture with genetic differences. This allows us to begin mapping the quantitative trait loci that have minor effects on wing pattern. In addition to finding loci on novel chromosomes, our data, to our knowledge, suggest for the first time that ancestral colour-pattern loci, known to have major effects in closely related species, may contribute to the wing patterns displayed by
H. numata
, despite the large transfer of effects to the supergene. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1500558033 | Scalability of robot swarms when applied to maze solving | Swarm robotics offers an intriguing approach to many real-world engineering problems. Such tasks that require covering a large search space or that involve working in potentially hazardous environments naturally lend themselves to robotic and/or swarm solutions. This research examines the effect of changing swarm size on the performance of several different maze-solving algorithms, including random movement, obstacle avoidance, and wall-following algorithms. The choice of algorithms was limited to ones that (a) do not require direct bot-to-bot communication, (b) use bots with a limited sensing range and (c) do not require the bots to know their position. Two different robots were used in the experimental trials: the HEXBUG Larva and the e-puck mobile robot. Trials were conducted with two, four, eight, and (with the Larva) sixteen bots. Results are presented for each of the trials as well as discussion on swarm performance as related to swarm size and bot intelligence. The results show that a small swarm that is more sophisticated or intelligent can perform as well as a larger swarm made up of less intelligent bots. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms15859 | All-optical observation and reconstruction of spin wave dispersion | To know the properties of a particle or a wave, one should measure how its energy changes with its momentum. The relation between them is called the dispersion relation, which encodes essential information of the kinetics. In a magnet, the wave motion of atomic spins serves as an elementary excitation, called a spin wave, and behaves like a fictitious particle. Although the dispersion relation of spin waves governs many of the magnetic properties, observation of their entire dispersion is one of the challenges today. Spin waves whose dispersion is dominated by magnetostatic interaction are called pure-magnetostatic waves, which are still missing despite of their practical importance. Here, we report observation of the band dispersion relation of pure-magnetostatic waves by developing a table-top all-optical spectroscopy named spin-wave tomography. The result unmasks characteristics of pure-magnetostatic waves. We also demonstrate time-resolved measurements, which reveal coherent energy transfer between spin waves and lattice vibrations. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.4337/9781788119962.00034 | Direct Food Provisioning Collective Food Procurement | Direct food provisioning indicates any way of procuring food that does not conform to the ‘norm’ of individuals shopping in supermarkets, whereby consumers are placed at the receiving end of a long, complex, global food chain. This norm is not at all ‘normal’, since it is neither long-established nor sustainable. There are many ways of practising direct food provisioning, including traditional subsistence farming all over the world. Consequently, this chapter challenges the idea that direct food provisioning should be considered per se ‘alternative’ or ‘radical’. Procuring food is a multifaceted social phenomenon that has accompanied the history of the human species and the differentiation of its cultures. In particular, collective food procurement allows reflection on the consequences of globalized food systems vis-a-vis direct food provisioning. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1038/s41396-018-0148-3 | Fermentative Spirochaetes mediate necromass recycling in anoxic hydrocarbon-contaminated habitats | Spirochaetes are frequently detected in anoxic hydrocarbon- and organohalide-polluted groundwater, but their role in such ecosystems has remained unclear. To address this, we studied a sulfate-reducing, naphthalene-degrading enrichment culture, mainly comprising the sulfate reducer Desulfobacterium N47 and the rod-shaped Spirochete Rectinema cohabitans HM. Genome sequencing and proteome analysis suggested that the Spirochete is an obligate fermenter that catabolizes proteins and carbohydrates, resulting in acetate, ethanol, and molecular hydrogen (H2) production. Physiological experiments inferred that hydrogen is an important link between the two bacteria in the enrichment culture, with H2 derived from fermentation by R. cohabitans used as reductant for sulfate reduction by Desulfobacterium N47. Differential proteomics and physiological experiments showed that R. cohabitans utilizes biomass (proteins and carbohydrates) released from dead cells of Desulfobacterium N47. Further comparative and community genome analyses indicated that other Rectinema phylotypes are widespread in contaminated environments and may perform a hydrogenogenic fermentative lifestyle similar to R. cohabitans. Together, these findings indicate that environmental Spirochaetes scavenge detrital biomass and in turn drive necromass recycling at anoxic hydrocarbon-contaminated sites and potentially other habitats. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1097/PPO.0000000000000252 | Identification Of Immunogenic Epitopes By Ms Ms | The interrogation of cell surface–presented immunogenic epitopes is of great importance to differentiate diseased cells in consequence to malignant transformation or viral infections. On the basis of this knowledge, next-generation immunotherapies against cancers, autoimmunity, or infectious diseases can be developed. The identification of altered peptide repertoires of transformed cells renders mass spectrometry–based analysis indispensable. This is evident considering the low correlation of gene or protein expression alterations, respectively, with changes in the peptide repertoire rendering those analyses less informative. Nevertheless, immunogenicity of peptides appearing to be exclusively found on diseased cells has to be finally proven in T cell–based assays. This review highlights the capabilities and limitations of mass spectrometry in the identification of entire immunopeptidomes, as well as individual potential immunogenic epitopes with a strong focus on cancer. Furthermore, an overview of state-of-the-art immunogenicity screens is presented. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
220604 | Modelling neuron-glia networks into a drug discovery platform for pain efficacious treatments - sofia ref.: 116072 | Chronic Neuropathic Pain is frequently associated with peripheral nerve injury or disease. Peripheral injury activates both neuronal and glial components of the peripheral and central cellular circuitry. While it is widely known that the subsequently altered interactions between neurons and glial cells contribute to pain development and to its chronification, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Developing mechanism-based therapies targeting neuron-glial interactions to treat chronic pain will be crucial for improving the quality of life of many patients. Hence the development of novel therapeutic solutions represents a major challenge that demands a multi-disciplinary approach to decipher and understand pathological mechanisms and to translate them into predictive tools for drug development. The NGN-PET consortium addresses this challenge by forming a highly interdisciplinary team that builds upon expertise in areas of academic research on pain
mechanisms, industrial knowhow on human stem cell-based tool development, HTS technologies and drug discovery. To achieve its goal we will develop preclinical model systems and assays which recapitulate the human in vivo situation and which can be interrogated for the identification, validation of molecular targets and the development new treatments. A focus of the project will be chemotherapy induced NP and the interplay between nociceptors, microglia and Schwann cells. NGN-PET will carefully characterize rodent in vivo and in vitro models to identify these mechanisms, and will develop rat and human iPSCs based in vitro systems of neuron-glial co-cultures that can be interrogated for targets and used for compound identification and validation. NGN-PET will thus pose the basis for the translation of these model systems into high throughput screening platforms for pharmaceutical research and drug discovery. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1111/mmi.13235 | PucC and LhaA direct efficient assembly of the light-harvesting complexes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides | The mature architecture of the photosynthetic membrane of the purple phototroph Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been characterised to a level where an atomic-level membrane model is available, but the roles of the putative assembly proteins LhaA and PucC in establishing this architecture are unknown. Here we investigate the assembly of light-harvesting LH2 and reaction centre-light-harvesting1-PufX (RC-LH1-PufX) photosystem complexes using spectroscopy, pull-downs, native gel electrophoresis, quantitative mass spectrometry and fluorescence lifetime microscopy to characterise a series of lhaA and pucC mutants. LhaA and PucC are important for specific assembly of LH1 or LH2 complexes, respectively, but they are not essential; the few LH1 subunits found in ΔlhaA mutants assemble to form normal RC-LH1-PufX core complexes showing that, once initiated, LH1 assembly round the RC is cooperative and proceeds to completion. LhaA and PucC form oligomers at sites of initiation of membrane invagination; LhaA associates with RCs, bacteriochlorophyll synthase (BchG), the protein translocase subunit YajC and the YidC membrane protein insertase. These associations within membrane nanodomains likely maximise interactions between pigments newly arriving from BchG and nascent proteins within the SecYEG-SecDF-YajC-YidC assembly machinery, thereby co-ordinating pigment delivery, the co-translational insertion of LH polypeptides and their folding and assembly to form photosynthetic complexes. LhaA and PucC form oligomers at the sites where invagination of the cytoplasmic membranes is initiated, and they play important roles in photosystem assembly in the purple phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Establishing the architecture of the photosynthetic membrane involves interplay between LhaA, reaction centre complexes, bacteriochlorophyll synthase, the protein translocase subunit YajC, and the YidC membrane protein insertase. These associations likely coordinate the delivery of pigments and the membrane insertion, folding and assembly of photosystem polypeptides. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1021/acs.est.6b04919 | Effect of Pellet Boiler Exhaust on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from α-Pinene | Interactions between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, and implications for aerosol production, have raised particular scientific interest. Despite active research in this area, real anthropogenic emission sources have not been exploited for anthropogenic-biogenic interaction studies until now. This work examines these interactions using α-pinene and pellet boiler emissions as a model test system. The impact of pellet boiler emissions on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from α-pinene photo-oxidation was studied under atmospherically relevant conditions in an environmental chamber. The aim of this study was to identify which of the major pellet exhaust components (including high nitrogen oxide (NOx), primary particles, or a combination of the two) affected SOA formation from α-pinene. Results demonstrated that high NOx concentrations emitted by the pellet boiler reduced SOA yields from α-pinene, whereas the chemical properties of the primary particles emitted by the pellet boiler had no effect on observed SOA yields. The maximum SOA yield of α-pinene in the presence of pellet boiler exhaust (under high-NOx conditions) was 18. 7% and in the absence of pellet boiler exhaust (under low-NOx conditions) was 34. 1%. The reduced SOA yield under high-NOx conditions was caused by changes in gas-phase chemistry that led to the formation of organonitrate compounds. (Graph Presented). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1021/nl302166z | Reversible chiral switching of bis(phthalocyaninato) Terbium(III) on a metal surface | We demonstrate a reversible chiral switching of bis(phthalocyaninato) terbium(III) molecules on an Ir(111) surface by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. With an azimuthal rotation of its upper phthalocyanine ligand, the molecule can be switched between a chiral and an achiral configuration actuated by respective inelastic electron tunneling and local current heating. Moreover, the molecular chiral configuration can be interchanged between left and right handedness during the switching manipulations, thereby opening up potential nanotechnological applications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1261/rna.061051.117 | Avoidance of reporter assay distortions from fused dual reporters | Positioning test sequences between fused reporters permits monitoring of both translation levels and framing, before and after the test sequence. Many studies, including those on recoding such as productive ribosomal frameshifting and stop codon readthrough, use distinguishable luciferases or fluorescent proteins as reporters. Occasional distortions, due to test sequence product interference with the individual reporter activities or stabilities, are here shown to be avoidable by the introduction of tandem StopGo sequences (2A) flanking the test sequence. Using this new vector system (pSGDluc), we provide evidence for the use of a 3′ stem-loop stimulator for ACP2 readthrough, but failed to detect the reported VEGFA readthrough. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1987929095 | Physiological Assessment and Allele Mining in Rice Cultivars for Salinity and Drought Stress Tolerance | Drought and salinity stresses badly influence rice plant growth and yield. The rising efforts to advance rice genotypes for drought and salt tolerance necessitate the selection of tolerant genotypes. Here, a total 51 rice genotypes were tested for salinity and moisture stress tolerance at germination and early seedling growth in NaCl (200 mM) and PEG-6000 (20%). Physiological and biochemical parameters viz., seed morphology, seed germination, length, fresh weight, dry weight and proline accumulation were evaluated with respect to salt and drought stress, depicting that rice genotypes performed differentially in their response to these stresses. Allelic variations with reference to the control varieties were found and these alleles can be used as a source of genomic approach and mining of elite alleles. The present study provides the information about the significant variation in salinity and drought tolerance subsisting within tested rice genotypes, which intended to make available with great promise for improving salt and drought tolerance in rice. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1017/S0033291714003067 | The Similarity Of The Structure Of Dsm Iv Criteria For Major Depression In Depressed Women From China The United States And Europe | Background Do DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depression (MD) in Chinese and Western women perform in a similar manner? Method The CONVERGE study included interview-based assessments of women of Han Chinese descent with treated recurrent MD. Using Mplus software, we investigated the overall degree of between-sample measurement invariance (MI) for DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MD in the CONVERGE sample and samples selected from four major Western studies from the USA and Europe matched to the inclusion criteria of CONVERGE. These analyses were performed one pair at a time. We then compared the results from CONVERGE paired with Western samples to those obtained when examining levels of MI between pairs of the Western samples. Results Assuming a single factor model for the nine diagnostic criteria for MD, the level of MI based on global fit indexes observed between the CONVERGE and the four Western samples was very similar to that seen between the Western samples. Comparable results were obtained when using a two-factor structure for MI testing when applied to the 14 diagnostic criteria for MD disaggregated for weight, appetite, sleep, and psychomotor changes. Conclusions Despite differences in language, ethnicity and culture, DSM criteria for MD perform similarly in Chinese women with recurrent MD and comparable subjects from the USA and Europe. The DSM criteria for MD may assess depressive symptoms that are relatively insensitive to cultural and ethnic differences. These results support efforts to compare findings from depressed patients in China and Western countries. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2015.10.021 | PI3 Kinase and FOXO1 Transcription Factor Activity Differentially Control B Cells in the Germinal Center Light and Dark Zones | Phosphatidylinositol 3' OH kinase (PI3K) signaling and FOXO transcription factors play opposing roles at several B cell developmental stages. We show here abundant nuclear FOXO1 expression in the proliferative compartment of the germinal center (GC), its dark zone (DZ), and PI3K activity, downregulating FOXO1, in the light zone (LZ), where cells are selected for further differentiation. In the LZ, however, FOXO1 was expressed in a fraction of cells destined for DZ reentry. Upon FOXO1 ablation or induction of PI3K activity, GCs lost their DZ, owing at least partly to downregulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Although this prevented proper cyclic selection of cells in GCs, somatic hypermutation and proliferation were maintained. Class switch recombination was partly lost due to a failure of switch region targeting by activation-induced deaminase (AID). | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-69299-9 | Energy Poverty: (Dis)Assembling Europe's Infrastructural Divide | This open access book aims to consolidate and advance debates on European and global energy poverty by exploring the political and infrastructural drivers and implications of the condition across a variety of spatial scales. It highlights the need for a geographical conceptualization of the different ways in which household-level energy deprivation both influences and is contingent upon disparities occurring at a wider range of spatial scales. There is a strong focus on the relationships among energy transformation, institutional change and place-based factors in determining the nature and location of energy-related injustices. The book also explores how patterns and structures of energy poverty have changed over time, as evidenced by some of the common measures used to describe the condition. In part, this means investigating the makeup of energy poor demographics across various social and spatial cleavages. More broadly, it also argues that energy sector reconfigurations are both reflected in and shaped by various domains of social and political organization, especially in terms of creating poverty-relevant outcomes. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1145/2736283 | Algorithmic Applications Of Baur Strassen S Theorem Shortest Cycles Diameter And Matchings | Consider a directed or an undirected graph with integral edge weights from the set [-W, W], that does not contain negative weight cycles. In this article, we introduce a general framework for solving problems on such graphs using matrix multiplication. The framework is based on the usage of Baur-Strassen’s theorem and of Strojohann’s determinant algorithm. It allows us to give new and simple solutions to the following problems: Finding Shortest Cycles. We give a simple O(Wnω) time algorithm for finding shortest cycles in undirected and directed graphs. For directed graphs (and undirected graphs with nonnegative weights), this matches the time bounds obtained in 2011 by Roditty and Williams. On the other hand, no algorithm working in O(Wn ω) time was previously known for undirected graphs with negative weights. Furthermore, our algorithm for a given directed or undirected graph detects whether it contains a negative weight cycle within the same running time. Computing Diameter and Radius. We give a simple O(Wnω) time algorithm for computing a diameter and radius of an undirected or directed graphs. To the best of our knowledge, no algorithm with this running time was known for undirected graphs with negative weights. Finding Minimum-Weight Perfect Matchings. We present an O(Wnω) time algorithm for finding minimum-weight perfect matchings in undirected graphs. This resolves an open problem posted by Sankowski [2009] who presented such an algorithm but only in the case of bipartite graphs. These three problems that are solved in the full generality demonstrate the utility of this framework. Hence, we believe that it can find applications for solving larger spectra of related problems. As an illustrative example, we apply it to the problem of computing a set of vertices that lie on cycles of length at most t, for some given t. We give a simple O(Wnω) time algorithm for this problem that improves over the O(Wnωt) time algorithm given by Yuster in 2011. Besides giving this flexible framework, the other main contribution of this article is the development of a novel combinatorial interpretation of the dual solution for the minimum-weight perfect matching problem. Despite the long history of the matching problem, such a combinatorial interpretation was not known previously. This result sheds a new light on the problem, as there exist many structural theorems about unweighted matchings, but almost no results that could cope with the weighted case. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1212/wnl.0000000000004887 | Comparing 18F-AV-1451 with CSF t-tau and p-tau for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease | ObjectiveTo compare PET imaging of tau pathology with CSF measurements (total tau [t-tau] and phosphorylated tau [p-tau]) in terms of diagnostic performance for Alzheimer disease (AD). MethodsWe compared t-tau and p-tau and 18F-AV-1451 in 30 controls, 14 patients with prodromal AD, and 39 patients with Alzheimer dementia, recruited from the Swedish BioFINDER study. All patients with AD (prodromal and dementia) were screened for amyloid positivity using CSF β-amyloid 42. Retention of 18F-AV-1451 was measured in a priori specified regions, selected for known associations with tau pathology in AD. ResultsRetention of 18F-AV-1451 was markedly elevated in Alzheimer dementia and moderately elevated in prodromal AD. CSF t-tau and p-tau was increased to similar levels in both AD dementia and prodromal AD. 18F-AV-1451 had very good diagnostic performance for Alzheimer dementia (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] ∼1. 000), and was significantly better than t-tau (0. 876), p-tau (0. 890), hippocampal volume (0. 824), and temporal cortical thickness (0. 860). For prodromal AD, there were no significant AUROC differences between CSF tau and 18F-AV-1451 measures (0. 836–0. 939), but MRI measures had lower AUROCs (0. 652–0. 769). ConclusionsCSF tau and 18F-AV-1451 have equal performance in early clinical stages of AD, but 18F-AV-1451 is superior in the dementia stage, and exhibits close to perfect diagnostic performance for mild to moderate AD. Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that CSF tau and 18F-AV-1451 PET have similar performance in identifying early AD, and that 18F-AV-1451 PET is superior to CSF tau in identifying mild to moderate AD. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W971323507 | Consumer Experiences with Credit Cards | This article examines consumers&#x27; behavior, experiences, and attitudes regarding credit cards in the aftermath of the Great Recession and the implementation of the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009. The data for the article are primarily from a nationwide consumer survey sponsored by the Federal Reserve that was conducted in February 2012. The article discusses economic conditions in the period leading up to the survey because recent events may greatly influence survey responses. Many survey questions were identical or similar to those in earlier consumer surveys, making it possible to track changes in consumer experiences with, and attitudes about, this important financial product. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1002/mrm.26468 | Probabilistic analysis of the specific absorption rate intersubject variability safety factor in parallel transmission MRI | Purpose: Specific absorption rate (SAR) calculations in parallel transmission are commonly performed by using electromagnetic simulations on generic models. In this study, we propose a probabilistic analysis to study the safety factor employed to account for SAR intersubject variability versus risk relationship in head imaging at 7T. Methods: Thirty-three finite-element electromagnetic simulations were conducted to sample the four-dimensional parameter space consisting of the head length, head breadth, and shifts in Z and Y random variables. Based on the SAR matrices for each configuration, a multivariate second-order polynomial of the SAR versus the different parameters was reconstructed for different types of radiofrequency pulses. A Monte Carlo calculation was then performed to compute the probability of occurrence of a given SAR value. Results: By testing a large number of radiofrequency excitation pulses, the SAR calculated for the average model amplified by a safety margin of 1. 5 was found to return a probability of less than 1% to be exceeded across the adult Caucasian population given the investigated parameters. Conclusion: The proposed method to study SAR intersubject variability uses a reasonable number of electromagnetic simulations. Look-ahead SAR safety margins can be deduced based on risk/benefit ratio assessments. Magn Reson Med 78:1217–1223, 2017. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/3064857.3079144 | Runmerge Towards Enhanced Proprioception For Advanced Amateur Runners | While amateur running is one of the most popular recreational sport activities, it also produces many injuries, which are often caused by improper technique or shoe choice. In this paper, we present the design and initial evaluation of RunMerge - a mobile application that integrates data from location and motion sensors to give runners a better understanding of their running. With RunMerge, we investigate how technologically enhanced bodily awareness can help amateur runners achieve a better running experience. We present the design RunMerge, and the insights of its user study. Our work indicates that enhanced proprioception (i. e. the awareness of one's body parts and movement) can be beneficial for everyday running training. Finally, we reflect on future work on increased bodily awareness for endurance sports. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.it.2017.02.007 | The S(c)ensory Immune System Theory | Viewpoints on the immune system have evolved across different paradigms, including the clonal selection theory, the idiotypic network, and the danger and tolerance models. Herein, we propose that in multicellular organisms, where panoplies of cells from different germ layers interact and immune cells are constantly generated, the behavior of the immune system is defined by the rules governing cell survival, systems physiology and organismic homeostasis. Initially, these rules were imprinted at the single cell-protist level, but supervened modifications in the transition to multicellular organisms. This context determined the emergence of the ‘sensory immune system’, which operates in a s(c)ensor mode to ensure systems physiology, organismic homeostasis, and perpetuation of its replicating molecules. Immune cells integrate signals from a diversity of ecological systems, translating environmental, inter-, and intratissue interactions in a quest for resources and adequate niches that ensure cell survival and perpetuation. The immune system acts in a s(c)ensor mode, perceiving, integrating, and responding to environmental cues to re-establish homeostasis within its soma and frontiers. Immune cells use quorum-sensing strategies to evaluate population density and maintain homeostasis. Disruption of these strategies results in deregulated lymphocyte activation and autoimmune diseases. Immune cells are key players in multi-tissue homeostatic units that sense environmental cues and ensure coherent systems physiology and organismic survival. Sensing damaging perturbations is a property of immune cells and the sensory nervous system. Neuro-immune cell units and their interactions are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis and defense. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
306386 | Specialisable, Programmable, Efficient and Robust Microprocessors | The development of faster, cheaper and smaller transistors has been the driving force behind the exponential growth in computing power over the past 50 years. While our ability to fabricate better transistors has not yet ceased, continuing to translate these advances into better system-level performance is now a major challenge. This proposal seeks to research a new approach to building programmable digital systems, one that can offer the efficiency, robustness and flexibility required as we approach the end of the CMOS era and start to introduce new post-CMOS technologies. The ideas are centred upon a novel network-centric multiprocessor architecture, with contributions planned at every level from the circuit to the language level. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02745.x | Connecting dynamic vegetation models to data - an inverse perspective | Dynamic vegetation models provide process-based explanations of the dynamics and the distribution of plant ecosystems. They offer significant advantages over static, correlative modelling approaches, particularly for ecosystems that are outside their equilibrium due to global change or climate change. A persistent problem, however, is their parameterization. Parameters and processes of dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) are traditionally determined independently of the model, while model outputs are compared to empirical data for validation and informal model comparison only. But field data for such independent estimates of parameters and processes are often difficult to obtain, and the desire to include better descriptions of processes such as biotic interactions, dispersal, phenotypic plasticity and evolution in future vegetation models aggravates limitations related to the current parameterization paradigm. In this paper, we discuss the use of Bayesian methods to bridge this gap. We explain how Bayesian methods allow direct estimates of parameters and processes, encoded in prior distributions, to be combined with inverse estimates, encoded in likelihood functions. The combination of direct and inverse estimation of parameters and processes allows a much wider range of vegetation data to be used simultaneously, including vegetation inventories, species traits, species distributions, remote sensing, eddy flux measurements and palaeorecords. The possible reduction of uncertainty regarding structure, parameters and predictions of DVMs may not only foster scientific progress, but will also increase the relevance of these models for policy advice. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Mathematics"
]
|
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