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10.1016/j.pss.2019.104776 | The radioscience LaRa instrument onboard ExoMars 2020 to investigate the rotation and interior of mars | LaRa (Lander Radioscience) is an experiment on the ExoMars 2020 mission that uses the Doppler shift on the radio link due to the motion of the ExoMars platform tied to the surface of Mars with respect to the Earth ground stations (e. g. the deep space network stations of NASA), in order to precisely measure the relative velocity of the lander on Mars with respect to the Earth. The LaRa measurements shall improve the understanding of the structure and processes in the deep interior of Mars by obtaining the rotation and orientation of Mars with a better precision compared to the previous missions. In this paper, we provide the analysis done until now for the best realization of these objectives. We explain the geophysical observation that will be reached with LaRa (Length-of-day variations, precession, nutation, and possibly polar motion). We develop the experiment set up, which includes the ground stations on Earth (so-called ground segment). We describe the instrument, i. e. the transponder and its three antennas. We further detail the link budget and the expected noise level that will be reached. Finally, we detail the expected results, which encompasses the explanation of how we shall determine Mars' orientation parameters, and the way we shall deduce Mars' interior structure and Mars’ atmosphere from them. Lastly, we explain briefly how we will be able to determine the Surface platform position. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.07.149 | Effect of applied pressure on microstructure development and homogeneity in an aluminium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion | An investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of applied pressure on the processing of an aluminium 5483 alloy by high-pressure torsion (HPT). Discs were processed by HPT through 1/4 to 5 revolutions at room temperature using the two different applied pressures of 1. 0 and 6. 0 GPa. Samples were examined after HPT using microhardness measurements and transmission electron microscopy. Colour-coded maps were constructed to show the hardness distributions and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile testing. It is shown that the results are dependent upon the applied pressure such that a higher pressure enhances the accumulation of defects and leads to a more rapid grain refinement. The effect of pressure is especially visible in the early stages after fractional numbers of turns since the microstructure and properties tend to homogenize at high numbers of turns. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/c7ja00392g | Multi-element ion-exchange chromatography and high-precision MC-ICP-MS isotope analysis of Mg and Ti from sub-mm-sized meteorite inclusions | We present a refined multi-element (Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zr, Mo, Ru, Hf and W) ion chromatographic purification protocol applied to high-precision isotope analysis of Mg and Ti using MC-ICP-MS. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
648115 | Rethinking Disability: the Global Impact of the International Year of Disabled Persons (1981) in Historical Perspective | Approximately 10% of the world’s population is estimated to be disabled and this number is expected to rise in the next few decades. People in different cultural settings ascribe different meanings to disability; consequently, its repercussions are both culturally contingent and universal. This project brings together the local and global dimensions of disability and examines the interaction, tension and conflict between these two aspects by undertaking the first comprehensive study of the far-reaching political, societal and cultural implications of the International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) which was organized under the auspices of the United Nations in 1981. A landmark event which appears to have gone virtually unrecognized in scholarship; the IYDP was the first occasion to place disability into a global context by endorsing it authoritatively as a human rights issue and thereby raising the question as to how the concept may be understood in a multicultural world. There will be four closely-related objectives: 1. to examine the IYDP’s impact on human rights discourses and to scrutinize their applicability within global settings; 2. to document the IYDP’s contribution to emancipation and social change and to consider the different trajectories of emancipation in various parts of the world; 3. to assess the ways in which the IYDP influenced everyday life experiences, galvanized identity formation and inspired the emergence of a distinct subculture; 4. to analyze the transnational exchanges and knowledge transfer in conjunction with the IYDP and to examine how the Western oriented discourses penetrating the developing world interacted with the local environment. The project’s innovative contribution and academic impact lies in connecting the IYDP to broader political, social and cultural processes in the last quarter of the twentieth century and thereby bringing disability in a global context to the attention of mainstream historical scholarship. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1021/nn500645r | Chemistry, geometry, and defects in two dimensions | Particles restricted to spherical or curved surfaces can produce materials that behave very differently from analogues that are essentially flat. In particular, the appearance of defects can change the mechanical and optoelectrical properties. The length scales involved range from atomistic to mesoscopic and present an exciting frontier of research for both experiment and theory in molecular, materials, and soft matter science. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.abb1795 | The Rab32/BLOC-3-dependent pathway mediates host defense against different pathogens in human macrophages | Macrophages provide a first line of defense against microorganisms, and while some mechanisms to kill pathogens such as the oxidative burst are well described, others are still undefined or unknown. Here, we report that the Rab32 guanosine triphosphatase and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor BLOC-3 (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3) are central components of a trafficking pathway that controls both bacterial and fungal intracellular pathogens. This host-defense mechanism is active in both human and murine macrophages and is independent of well-known antimicrobial mechanisms such as the NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)-dependent oxidative burst, production of nitric oxide, and antimicrobial peptides. To survive in human macrophages, Salmonella Typhi actively counteracts the Rab32/BLOC-3 pathway through its Salmonella pathogenicity island-1-encoded type III secretion system. These findings demonstrate that the Rab32/BLOC-3 pathway is a novel and universal host-defense pathway and protects mammalian species from various pathogens. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
Q80966 | Development of FPD Sp. z o.o. based on investments and advisory services of a pro-innovative nature in order to create a new, innovative service “CyberBook”. | ‘Aid programme reference number: SA.42799(2015/X), intended for public aid: Article 28 of Commission Regulation No 651/2014" The project will develop and implement an innovative "Cyber Accountant" service based on automation of accounting processes in an accounting office using SI algorithms. The advice will include a comprehensive analysis of the functionality of the new service, analysis of alternative development pathways, detailing and evaluating the chosen path, preparation of a detailed financial model for innovation development and implementation, identification and mapping of key business processes related to innovation implementation, market analysis of contractors and technology providers, development of technical documentation necessary for the implementation of innovations, advice and assistance in designing and piloting innovation implementation, advice and assistance in staff training, and advice in the preparation of the new organisational model of the company. In addition, the applicant plans to purchase services related to carrying out post-implementation audits, advice on protection of intellectual property rights and development of marketing strategy for the company in terms of the sale of the new service. The applicant will purchase an SI project based on the developed technical documentation and purchase a server. In addition, the project will include 12 field offices (computer, monitors, furniture, design elements compatible with SIW). The scope of activities involves carrying out a comprehensive process related to the implementation of a new, innovative service, based on existing activities and experience of the Applicant. Through the advisory process, market needs, business opportunities for innovative service and technological analysis will be defined with the development and implementation of an optimal market model. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/plants9111478 | Isolation of Lineage Specific Nuclei Based on Distinct Endoreduplication Levels and Tissue-Specific Markers to Study Chromatin Accessibility Landscapes | The capacity for achieving immense specificity and resolution in science increases day to day. Fluorescence-activated nuclear sorting (FANS) offers this great precision, enabling one to count and separate distinct types of nuclei from specific cells of heterogeneous mixtures. We developed a workflow to collect nuclei from Arabidopsis thaliana by FANS according to cell lineage and endopolyploidy level with high efficiency. We sorted GFP-labeled nuclei with different ploidy levels from the epidermal tissue layer of three-day, dark-grown hypocotyls followed by a shift to light for one day and compared them to plants left in the dark. We then accessed early chromatin accessibility patterns associated with skotomorphogenesis and photomorphogenesis by the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) within primarily stomatal 2C and fully endoreduplicated 16C nuclei. Our quantitative analysis shows that dark- and light-treated samples in 2C nuclei do not exhibit any different chromatin accessibility landscapes, whereas changes in 16C can be linked to transcriptional changes involved in light response. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
FR 2006000131 W | FLUORESCENCE IMAGING DEVICE WITH TWO WAVELENGTH REFLECTION | The inventive device comprises a first light source and a first wavelength (?1) corresponding to an excitation wavelength (?Ex) of a fluorophore. The excitation wavelength (?Ex) and an emission wavelength (?Em) of the fluorophore delimit a predetermined interval (?Em). The device also comprises a second light source having a second wavelength (?2) offset with regard to the first wavelength (?1) in such a manner that it is outside said predetermined interval (?Em). The offset (?12) between the first (?1) and second (?2) wavelengths is between 30 nm and 100 nm. A camera is provided comprising a filter opaque to the first (?1) and second (?2) wavelengths and transparent to the emission wavelength (?Em) and to the wavelengths noticeably greater than the highest of the first (?1) and second (?2) wavelengths. The light sources and the camera are synchronized for alternately activating one of the light sources and enabling the camera to alternately acquire a fluorescence image and a background noise image. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W3174369672 | Increased Mitochondrial DNA in an ECMO Model Is Associated with Loss of Platelet Function | Abstract Background Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) represents a promising technology for resuscitating trauma patients with severe lung and/or cardiac injury. Common ECMO-related complications of thrombosis and bleeding result in significant rates of mortality and morbidity. Multiple studies with ex-vivo ECMO devices using blood demonstrate an increased proinflammatory response. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a known damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that has been shown to have proinflammatory effects. Recent studies have correlated poor clinical outcomes to increased levels of plasma mtDNA. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of mtDNA in an ECMO model as a function of shear stress and duration of pump flow and evaluate the possible impact of mtDNA on platelet function. Methods Blood was collected from healthy donors under a US Army Institute of Surgical Research approved standard operating procedure. We constructed an ex-vivo ECMO circuit that circulates heparinized human blood for six hours at differing flow rates (static control-0 L/min, 0.3, and 0.7 L/min). Quantification of mtDNA and assays of platelet function were performed on samples obtained from each group and were compared to static controls at 0, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min. mtDNA levels were assayed by measuring the copy number of the NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene using quantitative real-time PCR. Additional tests were performed on platelet count, aggregation, viability (as measured by calcein/CD41a), TEG, and Multiplate. Results Increased flow rates and duration resulted in significantly higher levels of plasma mtDNA compared to static controls (static control, 0 L/min flow rate: 120 min = 3 x 105 ± 1.8 x 105, 240 min = 4 x 105 ± 2 x 105 copies/µL; 0.3 L/min flow rate: 0 min = 4 x 105 ± 0.8 x 105, 120 min = 8 x 105± 0.2 x 105, 240 min = 8 x 105 ± 1.6 x 105 copies/µL; 0.7 L/min flow rate: 0 min = 3 x 105 ± 0.9x 105, 120 min = 19 x 105± 4 x 105, 240 min = 35 x 105 ± 6 x 105 copies/µL; p Conclusions Increased mtDNA in surgical patients has been linked to poor outcomes. It has recently been shown that circulating mtDNA can trigger the innate immune system through toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and NF-κB activation, causing deleterious effects. In this study we found that mtDNA levels significantly increase as a function of shear stress and increased duration of pump flow. These increases were shown to be associated with loss in platelet function in both TEG and Multiplate measures of ADP and collagen agonist stimulated responses. Future ECMO studies will explore the correlation between circulating mtDNA levels and TLR9. mtDNA may be a clinically relevant biomarker and therapeutic target for efforts to mitigate life-threatening ECMO coagulation complications. Download : Download high-res image (98KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
258984 | DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE MICROCAPSULES, based on the formation of drops from viscous non-Newtonian liquids sprayed through fan-jet nozzles, TO USE IN CANCER THERAPY | The main aim of this project is the development of a new technology to produce smart drug delivery
system for chemotherapeutic agents per recognition event. For that affinity-microparticles (10-20 microns
diameter) loaded of paclitaxel (PTX) or Endotastin will be produced.
Microcapsules will be made using a new technology based on the formation of drops from viscous non-
Newtonian liquids sprayed through fan-jet nozzles. This process is based on generation of kinetic energy to a
liquid jet resulting on controlled spray generation. The technique will be modelled in order to ensure the scale-up
the process.
The microparticles, based on alginate polymer, will be functionalised on his surface by affinity ligand, epidermal
growth factor (EGF) which will be able to recognize a specific protein of the tumoral cell, (EGFR) epidermal
growth factor receptor.
Surface plasma resonance will be carried to control the interaction between the microparticle and the protein and
therefore to ensure the efficiency of the microparticles produced. This information will be used to developed a
dynamic model to assess the importance of spatial phenomena and then we will evaluate the accuracy of partial
differential equations (PDEs) in transient when spatial effects are important.
Control release from microcapsules loaded of anticancer agent will be characterized by control release kinetics,
mass transfer, mechanic stability and permeability studies. Mass transfer through the tissue, or therapeutic
leakage from storage cavities and their consequent transport through the organ, are among the several physical
processes, where knowledge of the unsteady transport of a scalar quantity (mass of an active) is of importance
for cell therapy. For that reasons it is necessary to derive an analytical solution for the unsteady mass transport
problem in a porous medium under torsional flow to simulate the diffusion of active materials in body cavities
(Mixed mechanic-electrical model), assuming body cavities as ideally isotropic porous medium.
Finally, characterized microcapsules will be tested in lung tissues with lung cancer. Cell viability (MTT) and
apoptosis after PTX exposure in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will be studied. Morphological distribution
of particles in areas of interest (lung, pleura and lymph nodes) will be examined. The experimental results found
in vitro will compared with experimental animal models developed for tumoral cell death. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2206035546 | Use of the Phantom Electrode strategy to improve bass frequency perception for music listening in cochlear implant users | The Phantom Electrode strategy makes use of partial bipolar stimulation on the two most apical electrodes in an effort to extend the frequency range available to cochlear implant (CI) users. This study aimed to quantify the effect of the Phantom Electrode strategy on bass frequency perception in music listening in CI users.Eleven adult Advanced Bionics users with the Fidelity 120 processing strategy and 16 adult normal hearing (NH) individuals participated in the study. All subjects completed the CI-multiple stimulus with hidden reference and anchor (MUSHRA), a test of an individual's ability to make discriminations in sound quality following the removal of bass frequency information. NH participants completed the CI-MUSHRA once, whereas CI users completed the task twice - once with their baseline clinical program and once with the Phantom Electrode strategy, in random order. CI users' performance was assessed in comparison with NH performance.The Phantom Electrode strategy improved CI users performance on the CI-MUSHRA compared with Fidelity 120.Creation of a Phantom Electrode percept through partial bipolar stimulation of the two most apical electrodes appears to improve CI users' perception of bass frequency information in music, contributing to greater accuracy in the ability to detect alterations in musical sound quality.The Phantom Electrode processing strategy may enhance the experience of listening to music and thus acoustic stimuli more broadly by improving perception of bass frequencies, through direction of current towards the apical portion of the cochlea beyond the termination of the electrode. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.22323/1.290.0020 | Cristal And Azurite New Tools For Integration By Parts Reductions | Scattering amplitudes computed at a fixed loop order, along with any other object computed in perturbative quantum field theory, can be expressed as a linear combination of a finite basis of loop integrals. To compute loop amplitudes in practice, such a basis of integrals must be determined. We discuss Azurite (A ZURich-bred method for finding master InTEgrals), a publicly available package for finding bases of loop integrals. We also discuss Cristal (Complete Reduction of IntegralS Through All Loops), a future package that produces the complete integration-by-parts reductions. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
interreg_3413 | Smart tools for quick and easy business start-up in Europe: the once-only challenge | START EASY is an initiative promoted by the Government of Catalonia in cooperation with national, regional & local authorities as well as other stakeholders from all corners of Europe (BE, ES, FR, IT, LT, LV, PL), which endeavours to create the best conditions for growth. The project will improve policy making & deliver smart tools that enable a conducive environment for business to start easy & quickly, boosting business startup activity & competitiveness in Europe.
By learning from one another (peer reviews), exchanging & integrating good practices (GP) from all over Europe (study visits, research and studies, etc.), & developing joint strategies (workshops & other events), the partnership will overcome common challenges identified such as: the difficult and costly process behind regulations governing business creation which tend to discourage entrepreneurial activity; the limited responsiveness of the public administration to the needs of these new startups, thereby making necessary to catch up in the digitalization of public services, once-only principle (OOP) for business data registration, one-stop shop (OSS) models, etc.
Numerous activities have been therefore structured in Phase 1 to promote active interregional exchange and effective stakeholder engagement for joint development of Action Plans (AP), as well as EU-wide dissemination. The plans should conduce improvements in the policy instruments selected, delivering new & enhanced public services & tools that facilitate the entry of new businesses into the marketplace (new projects supporting digital services, OOP, OSS, & administrative simplification in general will be supported). They should also conduce to better governance, engaging multiple stakeholders in policy understanding, development and implementation, in particular key decision and policy makers at the different governance levels (including Managing Authorities (MA)), agents from the startup ecosystem and business enabling institutions (BEI)). | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2064976627 | Social spending targets in IMF concessional lending: US domestic politics and the institutional foundations of rapid operational change | AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on the mechanics of change in global economic governance. By synthesising an empirically driven case study with conceptual insights from the existing literature, I highlight three intervening variables that enabled the Legislative Mandates passed by the US Congress in 2009 on the use of social-spending targets (education and health expenditure ring fences) in IMF concessional lending to be rapidly translated into operational change. The intervening variables that stood between US domestic action and rapid operational change are: first, the existence of effective enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance from the US Executive Director with the Mandate; second, preference congruence between other primary principals and the content of the Mandate, and; third, the existence of effective enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance from IMF staff with the principals’ collectively-sanctioned goal. The outcome observed – the near universal incorporation of social... | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
683069 | Unraveling molecular quantum dynamics with accelerated ab initio algorithms | Many physical and chemical processes in nature as well as an increasing number of man-made devices exploit the quantum properties of electrons, nuclei, and the quantum signatures of the coupling between nuclear and electronic motions. To optimize the design of novel devices and to correctly interpret physical processes studied, e.g., by experiments probing the molecular dynamics induced by interactions with ultrafast laser pulses, quantitative simulations are required. Although ninety years have passed since the discovery of Schrödinger’s equation, these simulations remain extremely difficult for systems with more than a few degrees of freedom. While some physicists are satisfied with a theoretical model that describes the system qualitatively, in chemistry the promising term ``ab initio quantum molecular dynamics'' is frequently misused for methods treating nuclear motion classically and using quantum mechanics only for electrons. The first goal of this project is, therefore, to bridge these two philosophies and combine accurate ab initio electronic structure calculations with accurate quantum or semiclassical treatment of the nuclear dynamics. Since the exact solution of time-dependent Schrödinger’s equation scales exponentially with the number of atoms, accelerating computers even by orders of magnitude will not break the exponential barrier to simulating molecular quantum dynamics. The second goal of this project is, therefore, developing and implementing both exact and approximate computationally efficient quantum dynamics methods applicable to polyatomic molecules. The last goal of the project is developing systematic methods for interpreting spectra of complex systems in terms of the underlying nuclear and electronic dynamics. To summarize in simple terms, the ultimate objective is developing theoretical methods that will allow replacing the popular classical molecular dynamics movies by their quantum analogs. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.5194/se-2016-67 | Improved finite-source inversion through joint measurements of rotational and translational ground motions: A theoretical study | Abstract. With the prospects of seismic equipment being able to measure rotational ground motions in a wide frequency and amplitude range in the near future we engage in the question how this type of ground motion observation can be used to solve the seismic inverse problem. In this paper, we focus on the question, whether finite source inversion can benefit from additional observations of rotational motion. Keeping the overall number of traces constant, we compare observations from a surface seismic network with 44 3-component translational sensors (classic seismometers) with those obtained with 22 6-component sensors (with additional 3-component rotational motions). Synthetic seismograms are calculated for known finite-source properties. The corresponding inverse problem is posed in a probabilistic way using the Shannon information content as measure how the observations constrain the seismic source properties. We minimize the influence of the source receiver geometry around the fault by statistically analyzing six-component (three velocity and three rotation rate) inversions with a random distribution of receivers. The results show that with the 6-C subnetworks the source properties are not only equally well recovered (even that would be benefitial because of the substantially reduced logistics installing half the sensors) but statistically some source properties are almost always better resolved. We assume that this can be attributed to the fact that the (in particular vertical) gradient information is contained in the additional motion components. We compare these effects for strike-slip and normal-faulting type sources and confirm that the increase in inversion quality for kinematic source parameters is even higher for the normal fault. This indicates that the inversion benefits from the additional information provided by the horizontal rotation rates, i. e. information about the vertical displacement gradient. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1017/jfm.2017.78 | Coherent structures in statistically stationary homogeneous shear turbulence | The three-dimensional vortex clusters, and the structures based on the quadrant classification of the intense tangential Reynolds stress (Qs), are studied in direct numerical simulations of statistically stationary homogeneous shear turbulence (HST) at Taylor microscale Reynolds number, with emphasis on comparisons with turbulent channels (CHs). The Qs and vortex clusters in HST are found to be versions of the corresponding detached (in the sense of del Álamo et al. (J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 561 (2006), pp. 329-358)) structures in CHs, although statistically symmetrised with respect to the substitution of sweeps by ejections and vice versa. In turn, these are more symmetric versions of the corresponding attached Qs and clusters. In both flows, only co-gradient sweeps and ejections larger than the local Corrsin scale are found to couple with the shear. They are oriented anisotropically, and are responsible for carrying most of the total Reynolds stress. Most large eddies in CHs are attached to the wall, but it is shown that this is probably a geometric consequence of their size, rather than the reason for their dynamical significance. Most small Q structures associated with different quadrants are far from each other in comparison to their size, but those that are close to each other tend to form quasi-streamwise trains of groups of a sweep and an ejection paired side by side in the spanwise direction, with a vortex cluster in between, generalising to three dimensions the corresponding arrangement of attached eddies in CHs. These pairs are organised around an inclined large-scale conditional vortex 'roller', and it is shown that the composite structure tends to be located at the interface between high-and low-velocity streaks, as well as in strong 'co-gradient' shear layers that separate streaks of either sign in which velocity is more uniform. It is further found that the conditional rollers are terminated by 'hooks' reminiscent of hairpins, both upright and inverted. The inverted hook weakens as the structures approach the wall, while the upright one changes little. At the same time, the inclination of the roller with respect to the mean velocity decreases from in HST to quasi-streamwise for wall-attached eddies. Many of these observations are generalised to intense Reynolds stresses formed with different pairs of velocity components, and it is shown that most properties of the small structures can be traced to their definitions, rather than to their dynamics. It is concluded that the larger Reynolds-stress structures are associated with shear turbulence, rather than with the presence of a wall, while the smaller ones are generic to turbulence in general, whether sheared or not. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W4210450230 | Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccinations | Although the three vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) that have received emergency use authorization in the United States are highly effective, breakthrough infections are occurring. Data are needed on the serial use of homologous boosters (same as the primary vaccine) and heterologous boosters (different from the primary vaccine) in fully vaccinated recipients.In this phase 1-2, open-label clinical trial conducted at 10 sites in the United States, adults who had completed a Covid-19 vaccine regimen at least 12 weeks earlier and had no reported history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection received a booster injection with one of three vaccines: mRNA-1273 (Moderna) at a dose of 100 μg, Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson-Janssen) at a dose of 5×1010 virus particles, or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) at a dose of 30 μg. The primary end points were safety, reactogenicity, and humoral immunogenicity on trial days 15 and 29.Of the 458 participants who were enrolled in the trial, 154 received mRNA-1273, 150 received Ad26.COV2.S, and 153 received BNT162b2 as booster vaccines; 1 participant did not receive the assigned vaccine. Reactogenicity was similar to that reported for the primary series. More than half the recipients reported having injection-site pain, malaise, headache, or myalgia. For all combinations, antibody neutralizing titers against a SARS-CoV-2 D614G pseudovirus increased by a factor of 4 to 73, and binding titers increased by a factor of 5 to 55. Homologous boosters increased neutralizing antibody titers by a factor of 4 to 20, whereas heterologous boosters increased titers by a factor of 6 to 73. Spike-specific T-cell responses increased in all but the homologous Ad26.COV2.S-boosted subgroup. CD8+ T-cell levels were more durable in the Ad26.COV2.S-primed recipients, and heterologous boosting with the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine substantially increased spike-specific CD8+ T cells in the mRNA vaccine recipients.Homologous and heterologous booster vaccines had an acceptable safety profile and were immunogenic in adults who had completed a primary Covid-19 vaccine regimen at least 12 weeks earlier. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; DMID 21-0012 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04889209.). | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1063/1.3663610 | Resistive Cooling Circuits For Charged Particle Traps Using Crystal Resonators | The paper addresses a novel method to couple a signal from charged particles in a Penning trap to a high Q resonant circuit using a crystal resonator. Traditionally, the trap capacity is converted into a resonator by means of an inductance. The tuned circuit's Q factor is directly linked to the input impedance “seen” by the trapped particles at resonance frequency. This parallel resonance impedance is a measure of the efficiency of resistive cooling and thus it should be optimized. We propose here a commercially available crystal resonator since it exhibits a very high Q value and a parallel resonance impedance of several MΩ. The possibility to tune the parallel resonance frequency of the quartz results in filter behavior that allows covering a range of some tens of its 3dB bandwidth by means of tuning. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W3037166407 | In silico rationalisation of selectivity and reactivity in Pd-catalysed C–H activation reactions | A computational approach has been developed to automatically generate and analyse the structures of the intermediates of palladium-catalysed carbon–hydrogen (C–H) activation reactions as well as to predict the final products. Implemented as a high-performance computing cluster tool, it has been shown to correctly choose the mechanism and rationalise regioselectivity of chosen examples from open literature reports. The developed methodology is capable of predicting reactivity of various substrates by differentiation between two major mechanisms – proton abstraction and electrophilic aromatic substitution. An attempt has been made to predict new C–H activation reactions. This methodology can also be used for the automated reaction planning, as well as a starting point for microkinetic modelling. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
171587 | Innovative micro-abrasive water jet for high precision machining and finishing | Founded in Legnano (Italy), in 1940, our company Vito Rimoldi S.p.A. is one of the leaders in manufacturing of gaskets for industrial applications (e.g. for aluminium radiators, compressors). Since the very beginning our policy has been to distinguish ourselves by providing the international market with new and high quality products fitting the most advanced applications. To do so, through successful collaborations with industrial leaders and university centres, we have pursued our aim for excellence, increasing our know-how and technical competences. This allows us to have a team of experts to assist our customers with their new challenging projects and identify and enter new value niche markets to increase our turnover (€7.0M in 2013).
Vito Rimoldi has been continuously challenging the current State-of-the-Art in terms of high-precision cutting of materials, both soft (rubber, plastic) and hard (carbon fibre, tungsten, quartz, titanium, ceramic). Over the years, we have acquired a leadership position in Water Jet technology.
Our NEWERA project will provide the industry with a solution to the challenge of machining small parts (<1mm) that require a high degree of accuracy (<10μm), tolerance (± 10μm) and finishing (Ra<1μm)
Based on a new Micro-Abrasive Water Jet system, NEWERA will allow high precision, finishing and control, and therefore enter niche markets for high precision mechanics, electronics, biomedical, automotive and high finishing of fashionable/luxury items (e.g. watches, jewellery), thus subsequently increasing our sales by 40% within 5 years. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1950417881 | Reduction of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with CAP treated with corticosteroids improves clinical outcome and reduces mortality and ICU admittance | Corticosteroids can improve clinical outcome in patients with pneumonia. However, little is known about the effects of corticosteroids on systemic cytokine levels in these patients or which patients benefit most from corticosteroid therapy. Hospitalized, non-immunocompromised patients with CAP were randomly assigned to a 4-day course of dexamethasone (5 mg once a day) or placebo. Serum levels of IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ, MIP and MCP were measured at various time-points during hospital stay. We enrolled 304 patients. The median levels of IL-6, MCP, TNF-a, IL-8, and IL1ra, all were significantly lower (p When IL6, IL-8 and MCP, being the most prominent proinflammatory cytokines were combined, patients who had all three cytokines above a predefined cut-off point benefited most from dexamethasone therapy. In the dexamethasone group only 2 patients (8,3%) died, while in the placebo group 8 patients (47%) died (p: Conclusion: Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines decreased more rapidly in dexamethasone treated patients compared to placebo treated patients. This effect was most evident in patients with an atypical bacterium. In patients with highest cytokine response, dexamethasone showed a reduction in mortality and ICU admittance. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1021/jp312149d | Synthesis of gold nanostar arrays as reliable, large-scale, homogeneous substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging and spectroscopy | We report a two-step approach for the fabrication of quasi-hexagonal ordered arrays of star-shaped gold nanoparticles (gold nanostars) as reliable, large-scale homogeneous substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy by a combination of block-copolymer micelle nanolithography and electroless deposition. The applicability of this platform for SERS imaging is demonstrated by pH-sensitive Raman measurements of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid adsorbed to the nanostars in the array. A homogeneous enhancement factor of ∼105 was observed on the nanostar monolayer over an area of several hundreds of square micrometers. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
627942 | De-Radicalisation in europe and beyond: detect, resolve, re-integrate | D.Rad grounds radicalisation in perceptions of injustice which lead to grievance, alienation and polarisation. Based on a rigorous, cross-national survey of the drivers (injustice, grievance, alienation, polarisation) that can generate violent extremism, it uses innovative machine learning, discourse analysis and social psychology approaches to test projects, tools and dissemination strategies, emphasising the experiences of young people and socially excluded communities, and offering policy and practical recommendations. It will meet challenges posed for radicalisation research by developing online and offline interventions to promote agency, resolution and resilience.
D.Rad will benefit from an exceptional breadth of backgrounds. The project spans national contexts including the UK, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Hungary, Finland, Slovenia, Bosnia, Serbia, Kosovo, Israel, Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, Georgia, Austria, and several minority nationalisms. It bridges academic disciplines ranging from political science and cultural studies to social psychology and artificial intelligence.
This will involve three core objectives, supplemented by secondary aims:
1. Detect Trends: D.Rad aims to identify the actors, networks, and wider social contexts driving radicalisation, especially in the emerging context of everyday polarisation over mundane issue in micro-spatial environments, in order to base interventions in evidence grounded in contemporary data and methodologies.
2. Resolve Drivers: D.Rad aims to understand the online and offline drivers that turn grievance, alienation and polarisation into radicalisation, so that policies can more effectively target underlying problems of social exclusion.
3. Re-integration and Inclusion: D.Rad aims to understand how individuals affected by grievance, alienation and polarisation can be re-integrated into the established polity or social groups, without compromising personal or collective liberties. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
Q4770056 | DIE MARINA S.R.L. | DAS UNTERNEHMEN WURDE 1981 DURCH GESETZ VOM 31/03/1981 GEGRÜNDET UND NAHM SEINE TÄTIGKEIT 1997 AUF. SEIT 2003 ÜBT ER IN FORM EINER GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRÄNKTER HAFTUNG DIE TÄTIGKEIT DER HOTELLEITUNG AUS. DAS GRUNDKAPITAL BETRÄGT EUR 80.000,00 BEWUSST UND GEZEICHNET; DIE AKTIONÄRE SIND BOLLANA CARLA FÜR 11 % UND DAS UNTERNEHMEN SUN SAIL S.S. MIT SITZ IN LUXEMBURG FÜR DIE RESTLICHEN 89 %. DAS UNTERNEHMEN FÜHRT SEINE TÄTIGKEIT IN DER GEMEINDE SESTRI LEVANTE IN DER PROVINZ GENUA DURCH UND VERWALTET EIN VIER-STERNE-HOTEL. DAS UNTERNEHMEN IST BESSER STRUKTURIERT UND MIT QUALIFIZIERTEN MITARBEITERN ORGANISIERT. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W1556926668 | A Multi-institutional Analysis of Perioperative Outcomes in 106 Men Who Underwent Radical Prostatectomy for Distant Metastatic Prostate Cancer at Presentation | Current trials are investigating radical intervention in men with metastatic prostate cancer. However, there is a lack of safety data for radical prostatectomy as therapy in this setting.To examine perioperative outcomes and short-term complications after radical prostatectomy for locally resectable, distant metastatic prostate cancer.A retrospective case series from 2007 to 2014 comprising 106 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic (M1) prostate cancer from the USA, Germany, Italy, and Sweden.Radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy.Descriptive statistics were used to present margin status, continence, and readmission, reoperation, and overall complication rates at 90 d, as well as for 21 specific complications. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to estimate survival function. Intercenter variability and M1a/ M1b subgroups were examined.Some 79.2% of patients did not suffer any complications; positive-margin (53.8%), lymphocele (8.5%), and wound infection (4.7%) rates were higher in our cohort than in a meta-analysis of open radical prostatectomy performed for standard indications. At a median follow-up of 22.8 mo, 94/106 (88.7%) men were still alive. The study is limited by its retrospective design, differing selection criteria, and short follow-up.Radical prostatectomy for men with locally resectable, distant metastatic prostate cancer appears safe in expert hands for meticulously selected patients. Overall and specific complication rates related to the surgical extirpation are not more frequent than when radical prostatectomy is performed for standard indications, and the use of extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in all of this cohort compared to its selective use in localized/locally advanced prostate cancer accounts for any extra morbidity.Men presenting with advanced prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate are increasingly being considered for treatments directed at the prostate itself. On the basis of results for our international series of 106 men, surgery appears reasonably safe in this setting for certain patients. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
interreg_2944 | Rehabilitation and Development in Mining Regions | Large-scale environmental problems and difficulties in urban development are a barrier to structural change throughout the mining regions of CADSES. In many cases a monostructured economy, the prevalence of paternalistic structures, a negative image and the persistence of environmental damage with remaining risk elements require an integrated approach to rehabilitate and develop mining regions. The structural change in mining regions is a difficult task and many small or mid-sized cities, particularly in peripheral regions, are not able to cope with it alone. READY aims at strengthening the competitive ability of mining cities and mining regions in Central and Eastern Europe by improving their ecological, social and economic situation. The project addresses major planning and development issues with special consideration of the situation in Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Romania and Slovakia. In the 18 mining cities and regions participating in the project, the mining industry is in decline or mining and manufacturing of mining products have already been ceased. The main objectives of the project are to provide incentives for structural changes in former mining cities and regions by accomplishing new development perspectives and the initiation of a new quality of transnational co-operation by establishing a high-performance network. Co-ordinated actions should increase political awareness of disadvantaged mining cities and regions. READY includes four types of activities: local activities in the participating cities, intensive international networking, the founding of a European network of mining cities and support for local implementation of strategies and measures. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2562970522 | Critical aspects of impedance spectroscopy in silicon solar cell characterization: A review | Abstract Solar energy generation and utilization is dominated by silicon based solar photovoltaic technology, which has a market share of 80–90% of the solar photovoltaic industry worldwide. The performance indicating parameters of silicon solar cells include power conversion efficiency, series and shunt resistance, ideality factor and built-in potential. These parameters are mostly characterized by DC techniques, which is limited by its insufficiency to identify other important parameters such as interfacial diffusion and transition capacitance and resistive and capacitive components of p-p+ interface of a silicon solar cell. Impedance spectroscopy is considered to be one of the most promising techniques for the characterization of abovementioned performance limiting parameters of a solar cell. In order to address the decoupling of various physical processes associated with different interfaces of a solar cell, quantitative analysis of the impedance spectroscopic data is required. An appropriate mathematical model is frequently used to correlate with the physical performance limiting parameters. This review presents a complete overview of the required mathematical models to analyse impedance spectroscopic data for interfacial processes of silicon solar cell. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1707515115 | Pairwise comparisons across species are problematic when analyzing functional genomic data | There is considerable interest in comparing functional genomic data across species. One goal of such work is to provide an integrated understanding of genome and phenotype evolution. Most comparative functional genomic studies have relied on multiple pairwise comparisons between species, an approach that does not incorporate information about the evolutionary relationships among species. The statistical problems that arise from not considering these relationships can lead pairwise approaches to the wrong conclusions and are a missed opportunity to learn about biology that can only be understood in an explicit phylogenetic context. Here, we examine two recently published studies that compare gene expression across species with pairwise methods, and find reason to question the original conclusions of both. One study interpreted pairwise comparisons of gene expression as support for the ortholog conjecture, the hypothesis that orthologs tend to have more similar attributes (expression in this case) than paralogs. The other study interpreted pairwise comparisons of embryonic gene expression across distantly related animals as evidence for a distinct evolutionary process that gave rise to phyla. In each study, distinct patterns of pairwise similarity among species were originally interpreted as evidence of particular evolutionary processes, but instead, we find that they reflect species relationships. These reanalyses concretely show the inadequacy of pairwise comparisons for analyzing functional genomic data across species. It will be critical to adopt phylogenetic comparative methods in future functional genomic work. Fortunately, phylogenetic comparative biology is also a rapidly advancing field with many methods that can be directly applied to functional genomic data. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.23011 | Spatiotemporal correlation of spinal network dynamics underlying spasms in chronic spinalized mice | Spasms after spinal cord injury (SCI) are debilitating involuntary muscle contractions that have been associated with increased motor neuron excitability and decreased inhibition. However, whether spasms involve activation of premotor spinal excitatory neuronal circuits is unknown. Here we use mouse genetics, electrophysiology, imaging and optogenetics to directly target major classes of spinal interneurons as well as motor neurons during spasms in a mouse model of chronic SCI. We find that assemblies of excitatory spinal interneurons are recruited by sensory input into functional circuits to generate persistent neural activity, which interacts with both the graded expression of plateau potentials in motor neurons to generate spasms, and inhibitory interneurons to curtail them. Our study reveals hitherto unrecognized neuronal mechanisms for the generation of persistent neural activity under pathophysiological conditions, opening up new targets for treatment of muscle spasms after SCI. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-020-58052-0 | Advancing proton minibeam radiation therapy: magnetically focussed proton minibeams at a clinical centre | Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel therapeutic strategy that has proven to significantly increase dose tolerances and sparing of normal tissue. It uses very narrow proton beams (diameter ≤1 mm), roughly one order of magnitude smaller than state-of-the-art pencil beams. The current implementation of pMBRT with mechanical collimators is suboptimal as it is inflexible, decreases efficiency and produces additional secondary neutrons. As a potential solution, we explore in this article minibeam generation through magnetic focussing and investigate possibilities for the integration of such a technique at existing clinical centres. For this, a model of the pencil beam scanning (PBS) nozzle and beam at the Orsay Proton Therapy Centre was established and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine its focussing capabilities. Moreover, various modifications of the nozzle geometry were considered. It was found that the PBS nozzle in its current state is not suitable for magnetic minibeam generation. Instead, a new, optimised nozzle design has been proposed and conditions necessary for minibeam generation were benchmarked. In addition, dose simulations in a water phantom were performed which showed improved dose distributions compared to those obtained with mechanical collimators. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W210734527 | "The Long Goodbye": Uncertainty Management in Alzheimer's Caregivers | Caregivers for individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) shoulder a remarkably complex burden as compared to other caregivers of elderly individuals. For long distance caregivers, geographical separation further compounds the problems experienced by AD caregivers, as they are isolated from family members and support networks. Both on-site and long-distance AD caregivers experience uncertainty; the findings from this study illustrate how AD caregivers manage the uncertainty of the disease and primary care, as well as how uncertainty differs between on-site and long-distance caregivers. AD caregiver (N = 13) interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using uncertainty management theory as a thematic lens. The analysis revealed that AD caregivers experience overwhelming feelings of burden, guilt, and doubt; however, these feelings manifest differently depending on caregiver type. The findings of this study demonstrate that sources for obtaining information regarding AD and caregiving were useful for on-site caregivers; however, the sources did not account for the needs of long-distance caregivers or the psychosocial needs of on-site caregivers. Furthermore, AD caregivers did not seek support or information about AD and caregiving from health care professionals. Implications for future research regarding long-distance and on-site AD caregiving are discussed. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
948764 | Illuminating the darkness with precision maps of neutral hydrogen across cosmic time | My proposal is to map out the 3D structure of the Universe over an unprecedentedly broad swath of cosmic time, covering 13 billion years of cosmic history. I will do this by using radio telescopes to detect the 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen. The detailed statistical properties of the maps will allow us to answer some of the most pressing questions in cosmology, such as how fast space is expanding, what the physical properties of dark energy are, and how the first stars and galaxies lit up the Universe.
All experiments currently trying to make these observations are severely limited by systematic effects, exacerbated by the extremely high dynamic range between the cosmological signal and many other sources of radio emission. Even tiny calibration errors can cause huge artefacts in the data that make it extremely difficult to pick out the target signal. While a great deal of work has gone into designing methods to analyse the data, they are not yet accurate enough – by a factor of 100 by some measures.
I will develop a statistical analysis framework called “Total Calibration” that can deliver the remaining two orders of magnitude of improvement, and apply it to the most sensitive data available. The result will be precise, systematics-free maps and the most robust statistical measurements of large-scale structure ever made in the radio. Total Calibration seeks to model all of the relevant degrees of freedom in the data simultaneously, in one large global model of the signal, contaminants, and the calibration of the telescope. This is highly complex, and has never been done before.
By applying total calibration to sensitive but complex data from two cutting-edge telescopes, HERA and MeerKAT, I will obtain the most robust constraints on the 21cm signal to date, from redshifts 0–1.4 (late times) and 5–27 (reionisation/Cosmic Dawn), to constrain the physical processes that shaped the cosmic energy budget at high redshift and any possible evolution of dark energy. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W935026341 | Analysis of clinical outcomes of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin glands. | Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin glands (BG-ACC) is a rare, slow-growing but a highly aggressive tumor with remarkable capacity for local recurrence and distant metastasis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate our experiences of the diagnosis and treatment of BG-ACC and to analyze the clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with BG-ACC. A retrospective chart review was performed to assess the demographic information, chief complaints, pathologic features of tumors, primary treatment, and development of local recurrence or distant metastasis, as well as the patient outcome. All patients received surgical excision as the primary treatment, and the diagnosis of BG-ACC was confirmed histopathologically. Three of four patients whose tumors showed pathologic features indicating a high probability of recurrence received adjuvant radiotherapy. These patients did not develop local recurrence, in contrast, one patient who did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy developed local recurrence and distant metastasis on several occasions. All patients who received primary surgical treatment are alive to date. When patients who are more than 40 years of age and who present with symptomatic BG lesions, BG-ACC should be included in the differential diagnosis and biopsy should be performed for histopathologic confirmation. Radical local excision with sufficient negative margins seems to be beneficial for primary treatment. Adjuvant radiotherapy is a reasonable treatment option for patients with high risk factors after surgery or for patients who develop local recurrence. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1002/1873-3468.12575 | The PufX quinone channel enables the light-harvesting 1 antenna to bind more carotenoids for light collection and photoprotection | Photosynthesis in some phototrophic bacteria requires the PufX component of the reaction centre–light-harvesting 1–PufX (RC-LH1-PufX) complex, which creates a pore for quinone/quinol (Q/QH2) exchange across the LH1 barrier surrounding the RC. However, photosynthetic bacteria such as Thermochromatium (T. ) tepidum do not require PufX because there are fewer carotenoid binding sites, which creates multiple pores in the LH1 ring for Q/QH2 exchange. We show that an αTrp-24→Phe alteration of the Rhodobacter (Rba. ) sphaeroides LH1 antenna impairs carotenoid binding and allows photosynthetic growth in the absence of PufX. We propose that acquisition of PufX and confining Q/QH2 traffic to a pore adjacent to the RC QB site is an evolutionary upgrade that allows increased LH1 carotenoid content for enhanced light absorption and photoprotection. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1080/01459740.2018.1492572 | Accumulation By Dispossession And Public Private Biomedical Pluralism In Romanian Health Care | ABSTRACTNeoliberal reforms in health care are an accumulation by dispossession. In examining this in Romania, we show that neoliberal reforms led to an uneven landscape of public and private care. . . . | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W3085170429 | Multivariable flood risk and its dynamics considering project reasonable service life in a changing environment | Abstract Concern over the impacts of changing environments on extreme floods has made the multivariable flood risk assessment paid more attention by the whole world. Recent studies have taken the combination of flood peak, flood volume, and duration into account when assessing flood risk. Nevertheless, the dynamics of multivariable flood risk considering project reasonable service life remains unresolved. To this end, flood peak and flood volume were considered, and Copula function was used to describe their dependent structure, considering project effective service life based on the joint return period to calculate the risk rate for characterizing flood risk. Then, a sliding window of 25 years was adopted to explore its dynamics, and attribution analysis was subsequently conducted. The Pai-lung River, which belongs to the Yangtze River Basin in China, was selected as a case study. Results show that: (1) on basis of “and (∩)” joint return period, considering 50-year reasonable service life, the risks of slight, moderate, severe, and extreme floods are 1.00, 0.96, 0.66, and 0.06, respectively; (2) the flood risk dynamics vary with different levels, where the risks of slight and moderate floods tend to decrease whilst the risk of severe and extreme floods shows a significant increase; (3) the risk dynamics of severe and extreme floods are positively related to Sunspots, El Nino Southern Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation, while Pacific Decadal Oscillation has a weaker influence on flood risk dynamics. Generally, this study sheds new insights into multivariable flood risk assessment in a changing environment. | [
"Mathematics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2366490935 | Empirical Study of the Relations of Assets and Consumption——A VAR Model Based on the Data of Fujian Urban Residents | The major impact of assets on consumption is reflected in the wealth effect.By using the urban resident data of Fujian Province,the paper makes an empirical study of the wealth effect.The results reveal that the wealth effect of Fujian urban residents is weak and the ratio of financial assets to total assets is low.In order to promote economic growth in Fujian by stimulating consumption through the wealth effect of Fujian urban residents,the following measures must be taken.Firstly,multi-level financial market system must be constructed and the proportion of financial assets must be increased.Secondly,measures must be taken to increase the value of assets of the urban residents.Finally,measures must be taken to increase the disposable income of the urban residents. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1002/anie.202006131 | Oxidation, Coordination, and Nickel-Mediated Deconstruction of a Highly Electron-Rich Diboron Analogue of 1,3,5-Hexatriene | The reductive coupling of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized (dibromo)vinylborane yields a 1,2-divinyldiborene, which, although isoelectronic to a 1,3,5-triene, displays no extended π conjugation because of twisting of the C2B2C2 chain. While this divinyldiborene coordinates to copper(I) and platinum(0) in an η2-B2 and η4-C2B2 fashion, respectively, it undergoes a complex rearrangement to an η4-1,3-diborete upon complexation with nickel(0). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
FR 2012052854 W | FIBROUS PREFORM HAVING A Pi-SHAPED CROSS-SECTION, IN PARTICULAR FOR A COMPOSITE MATERIAL BLOWER PLATFORM | The invention relates to a fibrous preform (10) having a pi-shaped cross-section that has a base (12), comprising a first and second surface opposite each other and legs (14, 16) extending from the second surface. The preform includes a fiber structure woven into a single part by means of three-dimensional weaving using a plurality of warp (or woof) thread layers interconnected by woof (or warp) threads from a plurality of woof (or warp) thread layers. In each plane of the fibrous preform, woof (warp) threads of a first woof (warp) thread group (t1-t6) continuously extend through the base (12) between two opposite edges of the latter, and woof (warp) threads from a second woof (warp) thread group (t7-t9) continuously extend from an end of one leg (14) to an end of the other leg (16) while passing into the base, a mutual, dual intersection (18a, 18b) occurring between the threads of the first group and the threads of the second group. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1111/cea.12514 | Raised immunoglobulin A and circulating T follicular helper cells are linked to the development of food allergy in paediatric liver transplant patients | Background: Post-transplant food allergy (LTFA) is increasingly observed after paediatric liver transplantation (LT). Although the immunopathology of LTFA remains unclear, immunoglobulin (Ig) E seems to be implicated. Objective: To study humoral and cellular immunity in paediatric LT patients in search for factors associated with LTFA, and compare with healthy controls (HC) and non-transplant food-allergic children (FA). Methods: We studied serum Ig levels in 29 LTFA, 43 non-food-allergic LT patients (LTnoFA), 21 FA patients and 36 HC. Serum-specific IgA and IgE against common food allergens in LTFA, IgA1, IgA2 and joining-chain-containing polymeric IgA (pIgA) were measured. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed by flow cytometry for B and T cell populations of interest. Results: Serum IgA and specific IgA were higher in LTFA compared to LTnoFA. LTFA patients had the highest proportion of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh). The percentage of cTfh correlated positively with serum IgA. Unique in LTFA was also the significant increase in serum markers of mucosal IgA and the decrease in the Th17 subset of CXCR5- CD4+ cells compared to HC. Both LT patients exhibited a rise in IgA+ memory B cells and plasmablasts compared to HC and FA. Conclusions: LT has an impact on humoral immunity, remarkably in those patients developing FA. The increase in serum markers of mucosal IgA, food allergen-specific IgA and cTfh cells observed in LTFA, point towards a disturbance in intestinal immune homoeostasis in this patient group. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms8764 | Three-dimensional nanometre localization of nanoparticles to enhance super-resolution microscopy | Meeting the nanometre resolution promised by super-resolution microscopy techniques (pointillist: PALM, STORM, scanning: STED) requires stabilizing the sample drifts in real time during the whole acquisition process. Metal nanoparticles are excellent probes to track the lateral drifts as they provide crisp and photostable information. However, achieving nanometre axial super-localization is still a major challenge, as diffraction imposes large depths-of-fields. Here we demonstrate fast full three-dimensional nanometre super-localization of gold nanoparticles through simultaneous intensity and phase imaging with a wavefront-sensing camera based on quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry. We show how to combine the intensity and phase information to provide the key to the third axial dimension. Presently, we demonstrate even in the occurrence of large three-dimensional fluctuations of several microns, unprecedented sub-nanometre localization accuracies down to 0. 7nm in lateral and 2. 7nm in axial directions at 50 frames per second. We demonstrate that nanoscale stabilization greatly enhances the image quality and resolution in direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1038/s41588-019-0511-y | Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals | Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1976409275 | Donor-Acceptor Type π-Conjugated Copolymers Based on Soluble Benzodifuranone | Summary
We designed a soluble building block containing a backbone based on benzodifuranone (BDF), a high-performance pigment, to form a novel donor-acceptor type polymer. By attaching dodecylthienyl moiety to the less soluble BDF framework, the soluble BDF monomer was readily obtained and applied to Suzuki-Miyaura condensation with electron-rich carbazole moiety to form a new class of low-bandgap polymers. The structural characterization and estimation of the molecular weight of the target π-conjugated polymer (PCTBDF) was carried out by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. We determined its optical and electrochemical properties, investigating how they were affected by different molecular weights. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels were estimated to be typically –5.5 and –3.8 eV, respectively. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1906169116 | Epistasis between antibiotic tolerance, persistence, and resistance mutations | Understanding the evolution of microorganisms under antibiotic treatments is a burning issue. Typically, several resistance mutations can accumulate under antibiotic treatment, and the way in which resistance mutations interact, i. e. , epistasis, has been extensively studied. We recently showed that the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli is facilitated by the early appearance of tolerance mutations. In contrast to resistance, which reduces the effectiveness of the drug concentration, tolerance increases resilience to antibiotic treatment duration in a nonspecific way, for example when bacteria transiently arrest their growth. Both result in increased survival under antibiotics, but the interaction between resistance and tolerance mutations has not been studied. Here, we extend our analysis to include the evolution of a different type of tolerance and a different antibiotic class and measure experimentally the epistasis between tolerance and resistance mutations. We derive the expected model for the effect of tolerance and resistance mutations on the dynamics of survival under antibiotic treatment. We find that the interaction between resistance and tolerance mutations is synergistic in strains evolved under intermittent antibiotic treatment. We extend our analysis to mutations that result in antibiotic persistence, i. e. , to tolerance that is conferred only on a subpopulation of cells. We show that even when this population heterogeneity is included in our analysis, a synergistic interaction between antibiotic persistence and resistance mutations remains. We expect our general framework for the epistasis in killing conditions to be relevant for other systems as well, such as bacteria exposed to phages or cancer cells under treatment. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
219567 | Targeting glioblastoma using combinatorial therapeutic nanovaccine | The proposal aims at the synthesis, characterisation and application of a novel therapeutic nanovaccine (TNVax) that holds multiple modules for targeting glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The proposed TNVax formulation includes a gold nanocage core encapsulating Temozolamide (TMZ), coated with an extremophilic bacterial polysaccharide, mauran functionalised with anti-PD-L1 antibody and anti-CD133 antibody. The us of NVax nanoparticles (NPs) offers a combinatorial approach in killing GBM cells both by immuno- and chemo- therapeutically. Site-specific delivery of the payload will stimulate the host immune system and channel the immune cells to the target site. Functionalisation of the anti-PD-L1 antibody on drug-encapsulated
NPs would significantly alter the immune suppression caused by GBM cells on TNVax delivery. In addition to anti-PD-L1 antibody, the TNVax particles contain tumour specific monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes CD133 antigen and facilitates strong binding. This approach would enhance the amount of antitumour activity offered by multiple means and thereby leaving a strong immune response against GBM based on antigen-antibody interactions. TNVax NPs will be synthesised and characterised using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and then subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In vitro studies will be performed for drug release kinetics and cytotoxicity using immunofluorescence and FACS analysis. Induction of immune response by TNVax NPs will be evaluated using macrophage activation, induction of T-cell activity and cytokine production under in vitro conditions. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies
will be carried out and histopathological examinations performed using appropriate murine models induced with GBM cell lines. The potential outcomes of the proposed studies will help patients who suffer from early and advanced GBM by eradicating the disease permanently and leaving good immunological memory. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W3095286579 | Whole-system Benefits of Vehicle-to-Grid Services from Electric Vehicle Fleets | This paper proposes a whole-system optimisation framework to assess the economic and environmental implications of supplying electricity to electric vehicle (EV) fleets across different charging scenarios, including unmanaged, smart and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) charging. Case studies carried out for the 2025 and 2030 UK power system scenarios suggest that the incremental cost of supplying fleet EVs can be reduced several times if vehicles follow a smart rather than an unmanaged charging regime. Implementing V2G solutions can deliver both net cost savings to the system as well as a reduction in system carbon emissions due to reduced requirements for electricity infrastructure capacity, improved integration of renewable energy and more efficient provision of frequency regulation services. Cost savings and carbon emission reduction per vehicle in the V2G case can reach up to £885 per EV per year and 243 gCO 2 per km, respectively, with the greatest benefits observed in scenarios with high renewable penetration and low uptake of other flexible options. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/c8cp01058g | Tailored photocleavable peptides: fragmentation and neutralization pathways in high vacuum | Photocleavable tags (PCTs) have the potential for excellent spatio-temporal control over the release of subunits of complex molecules. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1145/3290607.3312771 | Mojiboard Generating Parametric Emojis With Gesture Keyboards | Inserting emojis can be cumbersome when users must swap through panels. From our survey, we learned that users often use a series of consecutive emojis to convey rich, nuanced non-verbal expressions such as emphasis, change of expressions, or micro stories. We introduce MojiBoard, an emoji entry technique that enables users to generate dynamic parametric emojis from a gesture keyboard. With MojiBoard, users can switch seamlessly between typing and parameterizing emojis. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2019357120 | Achieving a Decision Paradigm for Distributed Warfare Resource Management | Abstract The ability to optimally manage distributed warfare assets for collaborative operation significantly increases our military advantage. The primary results include enhanced situational awareness and improvements in fire control, engagement support, operational planning, combat reaction times, threat prioritization, and the list continues. Bettering the use of sensors and weapons in concert with one another–effectively creating a system of distributed systems–provides major payoffs. The effectiveness of managing distributed resources depends on the ability to make complex decisions [1]. The complexity is due in part to the circuitous nature of fusing data from multiple sensor sources to provide a representation of the operational environment from which to redirect sensors for further information optimization and from which to base military operations. The “goodness” of such complex decisions depends on the “goodness” of the information available and the understanding of the situation from a “big picture” perspective. This paper explores distributed resource management (RM) from a decision-based perspective. With an objective of enabling a collaborative system of systems (SoS), a systems approach is proposed to implement a decision paradigm that extends from system conception to operations. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 2004/0040578 W | ARTIFICIAL RECEPTORS INCLUDING GRADIENTS | The present invention relates to gradients of artificial receptors or building blocks, methods of making the gradients, and methods employing the gradients. The gradient can include one or more building blocks. The gradient can include change in any of a variety of characteristics of the artificial receptor or building block including change in the concentration of an artificial receptor or building block; change in the identity of an artificial receptor or building block; change in the topography of an artificial receptor or building block; change in the mode of binding of an artificial receptor or building block to the support; change in the lawn or lawn modifier; change in charge, volume, lipophilicity, or hydrophilicity of the artificial receptor or building block; or change in a molecular descriptors for the artificial receptor or building block. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
716485 | The Design of Social Policy in a Heterogeneous World | Modern societies are characterized by tremendous heterogeneity in economic outcomes: from heterogeneity in wages and employment, to heterogeneity in capital income, wealth and health outcomes. It is unclear, however, how to map heterogeneity in these outcomes to heterogeneity in welfare. This mapping is crucial for the design of tax and benefit systems, providing insurance against individual risk and redistributing income between individuals, while maintaining proper incentives.
The main objectives of HETEROPOLIS are: 1) to provide new insights on the relation between inequality in earnings, wealth and consumption, 2) to develop a new consumption-based method to measure welfare inequality and heterogeneity in the marginal value of social transfers, 3) to provide and implement a simple, but general evidence-based framework to evaluate the differential design of social insurance based on observable heterogeneity, 4) to analyse selection effects due to unobservable heterogeneity and how they affect social insurance design, 5) to analyse heterogeneity in behavioural “biases” and their consequences for policy design.
The first part of HETEROPOLIS analyses the use of registry-based consumption measures to evaluate heterogeneity in welfare and exploits a newly developed data set based on administrative registers for the universe of Swedish households providing comprehensive and detailed information on income, wealth, labour market outcomes and other variables. The second part develops and implements a general evidence-based framework to evaluate the design of multi-faceted social insurance programs in a heterogeneous world. The final part of HETEROPOLIS analyses and estimates different sources of heterogeneity that affect market efficiency and justify further government interventions. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1186/1471-2164-15-465 | Analysis of structural diversity in wolf-like canids reveals post-domestication variants | Background: Although a variety of genetic changes have been implicated in causing phenotypic differences among dogs, the role of copy number variants (CNVs) and their impact on phenotypic variation is still poorly understood. Further, very limited knowledge exists on structural variation in the gray wolf, the ancestor of the dog, or other closely related wild canids. Documenting CNVs variation in wild canids is essential to identify ancestral states and variation that may have appeared after domestication. Results: In this work, we genotyped 1,611 dog CNVs in 23 wolf-like canids (4 purebred dogs, one dingo, 15 gray wolves, one red wolf, one coyote and one golden jackal) to identify CNVs that may have arisen after domestication. We have found an increase in GC-rich regions close to the breakpoints and around 1 kb away from them suggesting that some common motifs might be associated with the formation of CNVs. Among the CNV regions that showed the largest differentiation between dogs and wild canids we found 12 genes, nine of which are related to two known functions associated with dog domestication; growth (PDE4D, CRTC3 and NEB) and neurological function (PDE4D, EML5, ZNF500, SLC6A11, ELAVL2, RGS7 and CTSB). Conclusions: Our results provide insight into the evolution of structural variation in canines, where recombination is not regulated by PRDM9 due to the inactivation of this gene. We also identified genes within the most differentiated CNV regions between dogs and wolves, which could reflect selection during the domestication process. ; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
EP 2010062360 W | SHEET MATERIAL | The invention relates to a sheet material with a base layer and a visible layer, wherein the base layer has a textile and the textile contains yarns made of a biodegradable polymer. The visible layer has a biodegradable foil and is applied onto the base layer as a separate layer. The yarns of the textile have a strength of more than 40 cN/tex measured according to DIN EN ISO 2062. The invention further relates to a method for the production of the sheet material. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1979284753 | Regulation of a TrkB Alternative Transcript by microRNAs | <b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB)-mediated signaling is vital for neuronal differentiation, survival, plasticity, and cognition. In this study, the focus was placed on TrkB-Shc, a neuron-specific transcript, to determine if microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in TrkB-Shc regulation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A combination of bioinformatics and molecular gene expression analysis techniques was used to assess the effect of miR-409-3p and miR-216b on TrkB-Shc expression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> miR-409-3p and miR-216b were found to regulate the TrkB-Shc 3′UTR through the identified putative binding sites. When the effect of the miRNAs on TrkB was assessed using SHSY5Y neuronal cells, differential effects were observed between mRNA and protein expression. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study highlights the importance of miRNA-mediated regulation in TrkB signaling. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
171254 | Developing new drone-based gas sensing technology to characterise fire emission plumes by miniature low cost sensors | This project will deliver new drone-based gas sensing technologies for environmental monitoring, specifically to characterise the complex pollution (CO, CO2, NOx, O3 etc) plumes from wildfires. It builds on the success of these low-cost miniature sensors recently demonstrated by the ER and her industry collaborator in volcanic plumes, combined with Host expertise on fire science and remote sensing geography and partner expertise in drone applications and laboratory sensor tests. It takes timely opportunity of a major coordinated atmospheric campaign on fire plumes. Biomass burning emissions substantially influence air quality on local to regional scales as well as global atmospheric composition. Atmospheric modelling efforts to predict fire plume impacts require knowing the emission composition, which can vary greatly between different fires and also between different plume measurement altitudes, and temporally, depending on precise fuel makeup, degree of smouldering vs flaming combustion, etc. Existing approaches (ground-based, aircraft, satellite) all have limitations in quantifying the emissions, near-downwind plume height and chemical evolution. Our development of new drone-based fire plume gas sensing technology aims to fill this current ‘data gap’. There is high potential for future societal benefit through widespread applications of the new technology to detect and chemically map wildfire but also other plume hazards (e.g. volcanoes, landfill sites, industry accident releases). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.043 | Time-Resolved Imaging Reveals Heterogeneous Landscapes of Nanomolar Ca<sup>2+</sup> in Neurons and Astroglia | Maintaining low intracellular calcium is essential to the functioning of brain cells, yet the phenomenology and mechanisms involved remain an enigma. We have advanced a two-photon excitation time-resolved imaging technique, which exploits high sensitivity of the OGB-1 fluorescence lifetime to nanomolar Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) and enables a high data acquisition rate in situ. The [Ca2+] readout is not affected by dye concentration, light scattering, photobleaching, micro-viscosity, temperature, or the main known concomitants of cellular activity. In quiescent tissue, standard whole-cell configuration has little effect on resting [Ca2+] inside neuronal dendrites or inside astroglia dye-filled via gap junctions. Mapping basal [Ca2+] in neurons and astrocytes with submicron resolution unveils heterogeneous concentration landscapes that depend on age and preceding activity. The rich information content represented by such landscapes in acute slices and in vivo promises to unveil the hitherto unexplored, potentially fundamental aspects of brain cell physiology. Video Abstract: Zheng et al. advance a fluorescence imaging technique enabling the monitoring of very low (nanomolar) calcium concentrations inside brain cells in situ with high resolution. The method uncovers rich information content of resting calcium landscapes inside neurons and astroglia. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/17/12/123025 | Optimal Excitation Conditions For Indistinguishable Photons From Quantum Dots | In this paper, we present a detailed, all optical study of the influence of different excitation schemes on the indistinguishability of single photons from a single InAs quantum dot. For this study, we measure the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference of consecutive photons from the spontaneous emission of an InAs quantum dot state under various excitation schemes and different excitation conditions and give a comparison. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1063/1.4994898 | From Isolated Diamondoids To A Van Der Waals Crystal A Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of A Trishomocubane And A Diamantane Dimer In The Gas And Solid Phase | The electronic properties of sp2/sp3 diamondoids in the crystalline state and in the gas phase are presented. Apparent differences in electronic properties experimentally observed by resonance Raman spectroscopy in the crystalline/gas phase and absorption measurements in the gas phase were investigated by density functional theory computations. Due to a reorganization of the molecular orbitals in the crystalline phase, the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy gaps are lowered significantly by 0. 5 eV–1 eV. The π → π* transition is responsible for large absorption in both gas and crystalline phases. It further causes a large increase in the Raman intensity of the C=C stretch vibration when excited resonantly. By resonance Raman spectroscopy we were able to determine the C=C bond length of the trishomocubane dimer to exhibit 1. 33 A in the ground and 1. 41 A in the excited state. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.3847/1538-4357/aaacff | Is Molecular Cloud Turbulence Driven by External Supernova Explosions? | We present high-resolution (∼0. 1 pc), hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical simulations to investigate whether the observed level of molecular cloud (MC) turbulence can be generated and maintained by external supernova (SN) explosions. The MCs are formed self-consistently within their large-scale galactic environment following the non-equilibrium formation of H2 and CO, including (self-) shielding and important heating and cooling processes. The MCs inherit their initial level of turbulence from the diffuse ISM, where turbulence is injected by SN explosions. However, by systematically exploring the effect of individual SNe going off outside the clouds, we show that at later stages the importance of SN-driven turbulence is decreased significantly. This holds for different MC masses as well as for MCs with and without magnetic fields. The SN impact also decreases rapidly with larger distances. Nearby SNe (d ∼ 25 pc) boost the turbulent velocity dispersions of the MC by up to 70% (up to a few km s-1). For d > 50 pc, however, their impact decreases fast with increasing d and is almost negligible. For all probed distances the gain in velocity dispersion decays rapidly within a few 100 kyr. This is significantly shorter than the average timescale for an MC to be hit by a nearby SN under solar neighborhood conditions (∼2 Myr). Hence, at these conditions SNe are not able to sustain the observed level of MC turbulence. However, in environments with high gas surface densities and SN rates, like the Central Molecular Zone, observed elevated MC dispersions could be triggered by external SNe. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
169373 | The dawn of writing in western mediterranean: a comparative approach to the iberian epigraphic corpus | This project proposes a study of all known Iberian inscriptions (about 2.000 documents dating from the 5th century BC to the 1st century AD) in a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective. The study of the Iberian corpus will be set in a broad cultural context, including the rise of the first Western written traditions and their linguistic and cultural contacts. I will focus on issues such as the relationship between text and object, the Iberian adoption of exogenous epigraphic models (mainly Phoenician/Punic, Greek and Latin), and the level of literacy within the male and female spheres of this society.
Although the Iberian language in not yet fully deciphered, its epigraphic texts represent a cornerstone of the ethnological and cultural understanding of the protohistoric peninsular peoples and their insertion within the Mediterranean world. For the time being, however, there is no comprehensive study of the Iberian corpus, which has grown considerably over the past decades. On the other hand, there has been a tendency to study the Iberian world and its written culture in an overly isolated way, without sufficiently considering the panorama of neighbouring territories, which provide significant parallels.
The specific objectives of this project can be synthetized as follows: publication of the entire corpus of Iberian inscriptions according to current academic criteria, including a digital open access version; linguistic analysis of these texts with a special attention to the cultural context in which they were produced; study of the Iberian written culture in a broad cultural context, including neighbouring territories such as Northern Africa. This project will therefore contribute to the understanding of the Iberian language as well as the circulation of cultural models within the Western Mediterranean. It will ultimately represent an innovative step toward the comprehension of the birth of European identities. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
627330 | Vertical innovations in transport and logistics over 5g experimentation facilities | The VITAL-5G proposal has the vision to advance the offered transport & logistics (T&L) services by engaging significant logistics stakeholders (Sea and River port authorities, road logistics operators, warehouse/hub logistic operators, etc.) as well as innovative SMEs and offering them an open and secure virtualized 5G environment to test, validate and verify their T&L related cutting-edge Network Applications (NetApps). The combination of advanced 5G testbeds (offered through participating MNOs / vendors) with vertical specialized facilities and infrastructure (offered by participating key logistics stakeholders) through an open service validation platform (repurposed and created by the project) will create a unique opportunity for third parties such as SMEs to validate their T&L related solutions and services utilizing real-life resources and facilities, otherwise unavailable to them. The platform will provide to 3rd party experimenters, the necessary testing and validation tools, offering them a trusted and secure service execution environment under realistic conditions that supports multi tenancy. Such an elaborate validation mechanism will allow for the further refinement and fine-tuning of the provided services fostering the creation of new services and the evolution of existing ones, while boosting the SME presence in the emerging 5G-driven logistics ecosystem.
The VITAL-5G proposal plans to showcase the added-value of 5G connectivity for the European T&L sector by adopting a multi-modal approach containing major logistics hubs for freight and passengers (sea ports, river ports, warehouse / logistics hubs, highways, etc.) as well as the respective stakeholders (road operators, port authorities, 3rd party logistics (3PL) operators), thus creating an end-to-end chain of connected T&L services accommodating the entire continent. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
US 2006/0021602 W | SHARED KEY ENCRYPTION USING LONG KEYPADS | Methods of securely communicating a message from a first terminal to a second terminal include generating a keypad including a random sequence of bits having a length L, encrypting the message at the first terminal using a bit string beginning at an offset O in the keypad, and transmitting the encrypted message and an indicator of the offset O to the second terminal. A communication terminal includes a controller, a communication module configured to establish a location-limited communication channel, and an encryption unit configured to store a keypad including a random sequence of bits having a length L, to encrypt an outgoing message using the keypad, and to decrypt an incoming message using the keypad. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
884719 | Flavour Anomalies with advanced particle Identification MEthods | In the proposed research, precision measurements of rare processes involving heavy quarks and leptons will be used to search for new phenomena beyond the Standard Model, popularly known as New Physics. This research at the intensity frontier is complementary to searches at the highest achievable energies carried out at the LHC proton-proton collider. Indications of very interesting discrepancies have recently been observed by three experiments (LHCb, BaBar, and Belle) between their results and predictions of the Standard Model in certain classes of decays of B mesons, which involve leptons in the final state. The proposed project will address these issues by using large event samples collected with the Belle II detector at a new electron-positron collider, SuperKEKB. By investigating a broad range of selected rare decays of B and D, the project will attempt to provide a definite answer on the violation of Lepton Flavour Universality, one of the cornerstones of our current understanding of the interactions among the elementary particles. Based on the results of these studies, the final stages of the project will be devoted to possible explanations and to studies of transitions that would be based on related new physics phenomena.
Within the proposed research programme, novel, highly advanced identification methods for charged particles will also be developed. They will be of crucial importance to suppress backgrounds arising from other, much more abundant decays in measurements of rare processes where the sensitivity to a possible contribution of New Physics is largest. The proposed research will strongly benefit from the fact that the same group that contributed substantially to the physics programme, concept, design, and construction of the detector, will also carry out the development of novel analysis methods, their calibration and optimization for individual reactions. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2216889350 | Host range of invasive Jack Beardsley mealybug, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel and Miller in Karnataka | The movement of invasive mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) which are major pests of a wide range of agricultural, horticultural and ornamental plants worldwide has been documented by Muniappan (2011). As envisaged in the paper after the invasion of papaya mealybug, and Phenacoccus madeirensis (Madeira mealybug), the Jack Beardsley mealybug was recorded in India (Shylesha and Joshi, 2011, Mani et al., 2012). Certain of attributes of the Pseudococcidae, viz., wide host range, short generation time, cosmopolitan nature, ability to transmit some important plant viruses, etc., have contributed to their enormous damage potential (Meyer et al.,2008). In this regard, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel and Miller (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), known as the Jack Beardsley mealybug, a polyphagous species of neotropical origin commonly occurring in Caribbean and Central and South America, that is known to attack 93 plant species including several vegetable and fruit and ornamental crop species (CAB Intl., 2001) has entered India infesting several of crop plants. The invasive mealybug is greyish in colour; thin filaments around the body, caudal pair about one half of the length of the body, and ovisac covering hind part of the body (Williams 2004a). The presence of ovisac differentiates it from Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti). Morphological details of the P. jackbeardsleyi occurring in India are given by Mani et al., (2012). | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W2384758230 | Analysis of Urban Network Characteristics from Perspective of Sina Microblog——With Main City of Chongqing as an Example | Urban spatial structure has been subject to wide attention of scholars from all walks of life.Especially in an era of rapid development of information and technology,urban spatial structure has changed tremendously.With Sina microblog as a starting point,the main city of Chongqing city network structure characteristics have been studied.Urban network from the study shows that there are obvious hierarchical relationships according to the Sina microblog statistics based on the different specific gravity level,between the districts of Chongqing:the calculated correlation degree and connectivity between the various regions of the city level showsrelative consistency,while showing slightly different from the conventional level.It provides a fast and efficient analysis and decision-making reference standard for future urban planning department. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W2338847926 | Leading Practices for Strategic Asset Management: Strategic Asset Management, Communication, and Implementation | In response to the need identified by its utility members, the Water Environment Research Foundation funded a research program on Strategic Asset Management (SAM) Implementation and Communication for wastewater and water utilities to improve the management of their assets.
One objective of the research program included identifying the leading practices that contribute to a strategic asset management program. A self-assessment tool was developed and used by 36 utilities to identify the level of their asset management practice. These self-assessment scores were analyzed to identify potential leading practice utilities, as well as areas to focus as opportunities for improvement. The six areas of focus that were identified, included Organization and People, Strategic Asset Planning (and related Asset Management Plans), Business Risk Management, Maintenance, Secondary Data and Knowledge, and Accounting and Costing. The initial results were validated first by telephone interviews with the six leading practice utilities. Site visits were then conducted to research information on specific practices, as well as to collect multiple utility examples. Leading practice statements were developed, as well as a method whereby a utility's asset management team can identify candidate practices for adaption.
This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series .
ISBN: 9781780400198 (eBook) | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.5194/amt-6-1793-2013 | Performance of diethylene glycol-based particle counters in the sub-3 nm size range | Abstract. When studying new particle formation, the uncertainty in determining the "true" nucleation rate is considerably reduced when using condensation particle counters (CPCs) capable of measuring concentrations of aerosol particles at sizes close to or even at the critical cluster size (1–2 nm). Recently, CPCs able to reliably detect particles below 2 nm in size and even close to 1 nm became available. Using these instruments, the corrections needed for calculating nucleation rates are substantially reduced compared to scaling the observed formation rate to the nucleation rate at the critical cluster size. However, this improved instrumentation requires a careful characterization of their cut-off size and the shape of the detection efficiency curve because relatively small shifts in the cut-off size can translate into larger relative errors when measuring particles close to the cut-off size. Here we describe the development of two continuous-flow CPCs using diethylene glycol (DEG) as the working fluid. The design is based on two TSI 3776 counters. Several sets of measurements to characterize their performance at different temperature settings were carried out. Furthermore, two mixing-type particle size magnifiers (PSM) A09 from Airmodus were characterized in parallel. One PSM was operated at the highest mixing ratio (1 L min−1 saturator flow), and the other was operated in a scanning mode, where the mixing ratios are changed periodically, resulting in a range of cut-off sizes. The mixing ratios are determined by varying the saturator flow, where the aerosol flow stays constant at 2. 5 L min−1. Different test aerosols were generated using a nano-differential mobility analyser (nano-DMA) or a high-resolution DMA, to obtain detection efficiency curves for all four CPCs. One calibration setup included a high-resolution mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) for the determination of the chemical composition of the generated clusters. The lowest cut-off sizes were achieved with negatively charged ammonium sulfate clusters, resulting in cut-offs of 1. 4 nm for the laminar flow CPCs and 1. 2 and 1. 1 nm for the PSMs. A comparison of one of the laminar-flow CPCs and one of the PSMs measuring ambient and laboratory air showed good agreement between the instruments. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1093/aler/ahx009 | (Mis)perceptions of law in consumer markets | There are good reasons to believe that consumers' behavior is sometimes influenced by systematic misperceptions of legal norms that govern product quality. Consumers might misperceive specific rules, such as those found in food safety regulations, as well as more general standards, such as the unconscionability doctrine or limitations on waivers of default substantive or procedural rights. When demand is affected by systematic misperceptions of legal norms, lawmakers may be able to maximize welfare by deviating from the legal standard that would be optimal in the absence of misperception. We use a formal model to characterize these optimal deviations under different legal regimes (with different types and magnitudes of sanctions). In particular, should the legal standard be adjusted to counteract or confirm the misperception? For instance, if consumers underestimate the level of legal protection is it desirable to raise the legal standard to counteract the misperception? Or should lawmakers lower the legal standard to confirm the misperception? | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2980672691 | Special issue «environmental change on the Mongolian plateau: atmosphere, forests, soils and water» | The Mongolian Plateau forms a part of the Central Asian Plateau and covers an area of approximately 3,200,000 square kilometers in Mongolia and adjacent areas in China and Southern Siberia. It contains one of the world’s largest grassland areas, with the Gobi desert in the south and a transition via steppe and forest steppe to the taiga and mountain tundra in the North (Dulamsuren et al. 2005; Miao et al. 2015). Due to its location, the Plateau's climate is continental and semi-arid to arid, characterized by low precipitation (about 250 mm on average), high potential evapotranspiration (almost 1000 mm on average), large temperature amplitudes, long and harsh winters and recurrent droughts (Dorjgotov 2009; Liu et al. 2019). The Mongolian Plateau mostly drains into the Arctic Ocean basin, including the system of the Selenga River and Lake Baikal, which is not only the world's largest freshwater lake but also a natural heritage of global importance (Kasimov et al. 2017). Hydrologically, parts of the plateau also belong to the Pacific Ocean and Central Asian internal drainage basins. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1037/neu0000161 | The relation between attention and tic generation in tourette syndrome | Objective: Many neuropsychiatric disorders involve abnormal attentional processing. Systematic investigations of how attention may affect tic frequency in Tourette syndrome are lacking. Method: Patients performed rhythmic finger movements, approximately once every 2 s. Each movement triggered a unique visual color stimulus. Patients were asked to monitor and remember their finger actions, the external colors caused by their actions, or their tics. Sixteen adult Tourette syndrome patients performed each task twice: once while inhibiting tics, and once without inhibiting tics. Results: During the "freely tic" condition, patients had significantly fewer tics when attending to finger movements, or to the ensuing colors, compared with when attending to their tics. Attention to fingers produced the fewest tics overall. During tic suppression, tic frequency was reduced to an equal level in all conditions. Conclusions: Focusing attention away from tics significantly reduces tic frequency. This attentional process may operate by regulating motor noise. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.43101 | Convergent recruitment of TALE homeodomain life cycle regulators to direct sporophyte development in land plants and brown algae | Three amino acid loop extension homeodomain transcription factors (TALE HD TFs) act as life cycle regulators in green algae and land plants. In mosses these regulators are required for the deployment of the sporophyte developmental program. We demonstrate that mutations in either of two TALE HD TF genes, OUROBOROS or SAMSARA, in the brown alga Ectocarpus result in conversion of the sporophyte generation into a gametophyte. The OUROBOROS and SAMSARA proteins heterodimerise in a similar manner to TALE HD TF life cycle regulators in the green lineage. These observations demonstrate that TALE-HD-TF-based life cycle regulation systems have an extremely ancient origin, and that these systems have been independently recruited to regulate sporophyte developmental programs in at least two different complex multicellular eukaryotic supergroups, Archaeplastida and Chromalveolata. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
Q3749289 | Developing energy-efficient building technology solutions — TALOTEK2 | The take-up and deployment of new technologies in education, research institutes and enterprises will only be possible with a well-functioning research, knowledge and innovation infrastructure. The objective of the TALOTEK2 project is to develop regional research, knowledge and innovation infrastructure by implementing energy-efficient building technology research and competence environments for the Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences campus together with the companies participating in the project.TALOTEK is a project consisting of the building technology research and competence environment development project TALOTEK1 and the development of energy-efficient building technical solutions project TALOTEK2. The following companies are involved in the TALOKTEK project: Wimacor Oy, Pipe-Modul Oy, Jeven Oy, Geberit Oy, Rakennusliike U. Lipsanen Oy, Schneider Electric Buildings Finland Oy, Suomen Talotekniikka Oy, Fläkt Woods Oy and Morehouse Oy. The projects will be implemented in parallel.The TALOTEK2 project includes the practical design, technical implementation and equipment procurement of the three research and knowledge environments to be realised. The TALOTEK1 project will plan the educational and research content of the research and knowledge environments to be implemented and will carry out procurement tenders with relevant procedures. In addition, the project introduces and integrates learning and research environments into Mamki and Esedu activities. The TALOTEK2 project implements building engineering solutions for energy-efficient housing in order to demonstrate learning and research environments that take into account companies’ product development needs, in which companies and students can explore, test and develop new innovations and technologies that increase resource efficiency. The project consists of three work packages. The work packages are: • Developing the TESTLAB learning and research environment focusing on ventilation testing, research and development, • Developing DEMOLAB learning and research environment that demonstrates the practical use and research of building engineering systems in the building, • the development of a mobile test module MODLAB, which builds a resource-efficient housing learning and research environment in the form of a transferable demonstration and testing environment. The result of the project is to create the research and knowledge environments of energy-efficient building technology for use and exploitation by Mamk, Esedu and companies. The research and knowledge environments have also been integrated into the teaching, research, development and innovation activities of Mamki and Esedu.The methods and environments implemented in the TALOTEK1 and TALOTEK2 projects enable the development and commercial exploitation of new, low-carbon building solutions that support sustainable development. The results of the project promote research and development related to the energy efficiency of buildings, the quality of teaching and cooperation between companies and research and training organisations. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1126/science.aba9411 | Measles virus and rinderpest virus divergence dated to the sixth century BCE | Many infectious diseases are thought to have emerged in humans after the Neolithic revolution. Although it is broadly accepted that this also applies to measles, the exact date of emergence for this disease is controversial. We sequenced the genome of a 1912 measles virus and used selection-aware molecular clock modeling to determine the divergence date of measles virus and rinderpest virus. This divergence date represents the earliest possible date for the establishment of measles in human populations. Our analyses show that the measles virus potentially arose as early as the sixth century BCE, possibly coinciding with the rise of large cities. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
US 0332363 W | TARGET RECOGNIZING BINDING AGENTS | The invention is directed to binding agents having binding loops and a stable beta barrel conformation. The binding loops of these agents can easily be altered so that the binding agent can bind any selected target molecule. A variety of methods for generating binding agents with different binding loops are also provided. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2026606088 | Fuel poverty as injustice: Integrating distribution, recognition and procedure in the struggle for affordable warmth | Bringing attention to fuel poverty as a distinct manifestation of social inequality has asserted the place of affordable warmth in the profile of contemporary rights and entitlements. As such, fuel poverty can be understood as an expression of injustice, involving the compromised ability to access energy services and thereby to secure a healthful living environment. In this paper, we consider how fuel poverty may be aligned to various alternative concepts of social and environmental justice. Whilst recognising that fuel poverty is fundamentally a complex problem of distributive injustice, we argue that other understandings of injustice are also implicated and play important roles in producing and sustaining inequalities in access to affordable warmth. Addressing fuel poverty has to involve seeking justice in terms of the cultural and political recognition of vulnerable and marginalised social groups and pursuing procedural justice through opening up involvement and influence in decision-making processes. We make this argument both in theoretical terms, and through considering the experience of fuel poverty advocacy and policy development in the UK. Opportunities for future action may be illuminated through such interconnected justice framings as wider awareness of energy, climate and poverty issues emerge. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
771349 | DiseasE-FreE social life without Antibiotics resisTance | The application of antimicrobial compounds produced by hosts or defensive symbionts to counter the effects of diseases has been identified in a number of organisms, but despite extensive studies on their presence, we know essentially nothing about why antimicrobials do not trigger rampant resistance evolution in target parasites. In stark contrast to virtually any other organism, fungus-farming termites have evolved a sophisticated agricultural symbiosis that pre-dates human farming by 30 million years without suffering from specialised diseases. I will capitalise on recent pioneering work in my group on proximate evidence for antimicrobial defences in the termites, their fungal crops, and their complex gut bacterial communities, by proposing to develop the farming symbiosis as a major model to test three novel concepts that may account for the evasion of resistance evolution. First, the antimicrobial compounds may have properties and evolve in ways that preclude resistance evolution in pathogens. Second, resistance is only possible towards individual compounds and not natural antimicrobial cocktails. Third, pathogens can only successfully invade and proliferate if they bypass several consecutive lines of defence, analogous to the six hallmarks of metazoan defence against cancer development. Addressing these concepts will allow fundamental insights into the remarkable success of complementary symbiont contributions to defence, and they will clarify the forces of multilevel natural selection that have allowed long-lived insect societies to evolve sustainability. Documenting and understanding these disease management principles is fundamentally important for several branches of evolutionary biology, and strategically important for adjusting human practices for future antimicrobial stewardship. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 2023/0069920 W | CATHODE HOLDING ASSEMBLY AND ARC CHAMBER SUPPORT ASSEMBLY WITH THE CATHODE HOLDING ASSEMBLY | A cathode holding assembly to be mounted on an arc chamber support of an ion implanter includes a cathode holding plate (3), an insulator block (4), and a shield cap (5). The cathode holding plate (3) has a protruding outer rib (3d) towards the shield cap (5) and an opening (3a) with a protruding inner rib (3c). A protrusion (4a) of the insulator block (4) passes through the opening (3a) of the cathode holding plate (3). The insulator block (4) abuts the protruding inner rib (3c) of the opening of the cathode holding plate at an edge of the insulator block (4) to precisely fit the insulator block into the opening (3a) of the cathode holding plate (3). The shield cap (5) is arranged to a side of the insulator block opposing the protrusion (4a). A gap extends between the cathode holding plate (3) and the shield cap (5), then between the cathode holding plate (3) and the insulator block (4) where it ends. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/tran.12107 | Spatialising the politics of coexistence: Gui ju in Singapore | Geographers and other social scientists have developed ways to describe and analyse people's routine and fleeting encounters with others in cities experiencing migrant-led diversification. Much of this work illuminates the significance of everyday rubbing along, but how diversity is lived and negotiated through specific principles of interaction and exchange has so far remained obscure. As such, the politics of fleeting encounters in public spaces have not been explained. Further, the overwhelming majority of conceptualisations of coexistence draw from European and North American contexts. Through an empirically grounded analysis of the principles of social organisation (known as gui ju in Singapore), I demonstrate that everyday norms of civility emerge as ways of boundary-breaking and boundary-making in shared spaces in Singapore's Jurong West. Addressing the potentials and limitations of coexisting with difference, I clarify how diversity is managed and negotiated in the everyday vis-à-vis uneven interconnections between people of different backgrounds. I discuss the prosaic and situated ways in which positive and strained relations can occur simultaneously and situate these in a wider structural context. I argue that the geography of coexistence is constituted through socio-spatial processes where the politics of living with diversity are mediated through, although not limited to, fleeting encounters. Gui ju clarifies the messiness inherent in shared spaces and, effectively, filter and curtail diversity by perpetuating the normativities of acceptable behaviour in public. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1021/acsnano.9b08818 | Fast and Robust Proteome Screening Platform Identifies Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in the Lung in Response to Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles | Despite broad application of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine and electronics, only a few in vivo studies on biocompatibility are available. In this study, toxicity of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles on the respiratory system was examined in vivo by single intratracheal instillation in mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected for proteome analyses by LC-MS/MS, testing Fe3O4 nanoparticles doped with increasing amounts of cobalt (Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 with an iron to cobalt ratio 5:1, 3:1, 1:3, Co3O4) at two doses (54 μg, 162 μg per animal) and two time points (day 1 and 3 days postinstillation). In discovery phase, in-depth proteome profiling of a few representative samples allowed for comprehensive pathway analyses. Clustering of the 681 differentially expressed proteins (FDR < 0. 05) revealed general as well as metal oxide specific responses with an overall strong induction of innate immunity and activation of the complement system. The highest expression increase could be found for a cluster of 39 proteins, which displayed strong dose-dependency to iron oxide and can be attributed to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In-depth proteome analysis expanded the knowledge of in vivo NET formation. During screening, all BALF samples of the study (n = 166) were measured label-free as single-injections after a short gradient (21 min) LC separation using the Evosep One system, validating the findings from the discovery and defining protein signatures which enable discrimination of lung inflammation. We demonstrate a proteomics-based toxicity screening with high sample throughput easily transferrable to other nanoparticle types. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016148. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
695223 | Exponential sums, translation invariance, and applications | Title: Exponential Sums, Translation Invariance, and Applications.
Short Summary: Exponential sums are fundamental throughout (analytic) number theory, and are key to the robustness of applications in theoretical computer science, cryptography, and so on. They are the primary tool for testing equidistribution (apparent “randomness”) of number theoretic sequences. For a century, bounds for such sums of degree 3 or more have fallen far short of those conjectured to hold.
The landscape for exponential sums changed decisively in late 2010, when the proposer devised the “efficient congruencing” method. As a result, mean value estimates associated with translation invariant systems are now within a whisker of the main conjectures. Very significant progress has resulted in such Diophantine applications as Waring's problem, the validity of the Hasse principle for systems of diagonal equations, and equidistribution of polynomial sequences mod 1.
It is little understood in the wider community that efficient congruencing offers a fundamentally new approach to estimating moments of Fourier coefficients of wide generality, with hitherto inaccessible applications. We propose:
(i) to generalise efficient congruencing to approximately translation invariant systems, and explore consequent applications to Diophantine problems such as Waring's problem, restriction problems from discrete Fourier analysis, and bounds for the Riemann zeta function within the critical strip;
(ii) to extend the method to the multidimensional setting relevant to the investigation of local-global principles for spaces of rational morphisms from rational curves to diagonal hypersurfaces;
(iii) to explore the application of efficient congruencing over function fields where the ground field is a finite field, in particular as a vehicle for establishing estimates of use in randomness extractors;
(iv) to investigate the potential use of higher degree translation invariance in generalising Gowers norms. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/adhm.201400224 | Brain Endothelial Cell Targeting Via a Peptide-Functionalized Liposomal Carrier for Xenon Hyper-CEST MRI | A nanoparticulate carrier system is used to efficiently deliver a contrast agent for highly sensitive xenon Hyper-CEST MRI. The carrier system not only improves the biocompatibility and solubility of the contrast agent, it also allows selective cell targeting as demonstrated by the discrimination of human brain capillary and aortic endothelial cells. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2268775887 | Rapid Cascade Synthesis of Poly-Heterocyclic Architectures from Indigo | The base-induced propargylation of the dye indigo results in the rapid and unprecedented one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized representatives of the pyrazino[1,2-a:4,3-a']diindole, pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b']diindole and benzo[b]indolo[1,2-h]naphthyridine heterocyclic systems, with the last two reflecting the core skeleton of the anticancer/antiplasmodial marine natural products fascaplysin and homofascaplysins and a ring B-homologue, respectively. The polycyclic compounds 6-8, whose structures were confirmed through single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, arise from sequential inter/intramolecular substitution-addition reactions, and in some cases, ring rearrangement reactions. Preliminary studies on controlling the reaction path selectivity, and the potential reaction mechanisms, are also described. Initial biological activity studies with these new heterocyclic derivatives indicated promising in vitro antiplasmodial activity as well as good anticancer activity. The chemistry described is new for the indigo moiety and cascade reactions from this readily available and cheap starting material should be more broadly applicable in the synthesis of additional new heterocyclic systems difficult to access by other means. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
Q2698040 | Support for the maintenance of the Holiday Center “Czarski” Henryk Czarski | As a result of the restrictions put in place in connection with the emergence of the COVID 19 threat, my economic activity has become loss-making. Closed locations and a lack of guests caused a significant drop in revenues not only during the period of forced closure of the centre, but also during the period of so-called return to normality. The situation is still happening today. The funds raised from the grant will be used for current business activities, to cover running costs, stamp, insurance, tax and other charges. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
805437 | Energy-efficient membranes for carbon capture by crystal engineering of two-dimensional nanoporous materials | The EU integrated strategic energy technology plan, SET-plan, in its 2016 progress report, has called for urgent measures on the carbon capture, however, the high energy-penalty and environmental issues related to the conventional capture process (amine-based scrubbing) has been a major bottleneck. High-performance membranes can reduce the energy penalty for the capture, are environment-friendly (no chemical is used, no waste is generated), can intensify chemical processes, and can be employed for the capture in a decentralized fashion. However, a technological breakthrough is needed to realize such chemically and thermally stable, high-performance membranes. This project seeks to develop the ultimate high-performance membranes for H2/CO2 (pre-combustion capture), CO2/N2 (post-combustion capture), and CO2/CH4 separations (natural gas sweetening). Based on calculations, these membranes will yield a gigantic gas permeance (1 and 0.1 million GPU for the H2 and the CO2 selective membranes, respectively), 1000 and 10-fold higher than that of the state-of-the-art polymeric and nanoporous membranes, respectively, reducing capital expenditure per unit performance and the needed membrane area. For this, we introduce three novel concepts, combining the top-down and the bottom-up crystal engineering approaches to develop size-selective, chemically and thermally stable, nanoporous two-dimensional membranes. First, exfoliated nanoporous 2d nanosheets will be stitched in-plane to synthesize the truly-2d membranes. Second, metal-organic frameworks will be confined across a nanoporous 2d matrix to prepare a composite 2d membrane. Third, atom-thick graphene films with tunable, uniform and size-selective nanopores will be crystallized using a novel thermodynamic equilibrium between the lattice growth and etching. Overall, the innovative concepts developed here will open up several frontiers on the synthesis of high-performance membranes for a wide-range of separation processes. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/ICCNC.2015.7069408 | Challenges For Cooperative Its Improving Road Safety Through The Integration Of Wireless Communications Control And Positioning | For intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to achieve situational awareness beyond their sensing horizon and to harness coordination capabilities, some form of cooperation will be required. Such cooperation is enabled by vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure wireless communication. The integration between the communication, signal processing, and control sub-systems is non-trivial and requires a co-design, which in turn requires collaboration between these three disciplines. This paper presents a possible evolution of these three disciplines within the context of ITS, as well as several challenges and opportunities. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201937293 | Evidence For Gtrsim 4 Gyr Timescales Of Neutron Star Mergers From Galactic Archaeology | The nucleosynthetic site of the rapid ($r$) neutron-capture process is currently being debated. The direct detection of the neutron star merger GW170817, through gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation, has confirmed such events as important sources of the $r$-process elements. However, chemical evolution models are not able to reproduce the observed chemical abundances in the Milky Way when neutron star mergers are assumed to be the only $r$-process site and realistic time distributions of such events are taken into account. Now for the first time, we combine all the available observational evidence of the Milky Way and its dwarf galaxy satellites to show that the data can only be explained if there are (at least) two distinct $r$-process sites: a quick source with timescales comparable to core-collapse supernovae, $t_{quick}\lesssim10^8$ yr, and a delayed source with characteristic timescales $t_{delayed}\gtrsim4$ Gyr. The delayed $r$-process source most probably originates in neutron star mergers, as the timescale fits well with that estimated for GW170817. Given the short timescales of the quick source, it is likely associated with massive stars, though a specific fast-track channel for compact object mergers cannot be excluded at this point. Our approach demonstrates that only by looking at all the available data will we be able to solve the puzzle that is the $r$-process. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1130/G37595.1 | Nonlithostatic Pressure During Subduction And Collision And The Formation Of Ultra High Pressure Rocks | The mechanisms that result in the formation of high-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks are controversial. The usual interpretation assumes that pressure is close to lithostatic, petrological pressure estimates can be transferred to depth, and (U)HP rocks have been exhumed from great depth. An alternative explanation is that pressure can be larger than lithostatic, particularly in continental collision zones, and (U)HP rocks could thus have formed at shallower depths. To better understand the mechanical feasibility of these hypotheses, we performed thermomechanical numerical simulations of a typical subduction and collision scenario. If the subducting crust is laterally homogeneous and has small effective friction angles (and is thus weak), we reproduce earlier findings that | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1017/S1750270517000136 | Homeric Motivation And Modern Narratology The Case Of Penelope | Forged mostly in readings of the modern novel, the tools of narratology have allowed us to detect many features that ancient literature shares with modern texts. At the same time, they have detracted from crucial differences between ancient and modern narratives. This article argues that, while being at the origin of the classical western plot, the Odyssey also features a narrative logic that differs significantly from what the modern novel has taught us to expect. It focuses on the case of Penelope. Various theories have been advanced to explain Penelope's intervention in books 18 and 19. The difficulties that modern scholars have had with Penelope, it is suggested, are due to a special kind of motivation which is also prominent in medieval narrative. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
W2462056038 | Combined Foley's catheter with vaginal misoprostol for pre-induction cervical ripening: A randomised controlled trial | Pre-induction cervical ripening greatly influences the outcome of induction of labour (IOL).To compare the efficacy of combined Foley's catheter and vaginal misoprostol with Foley's catheter or low-dose vaginal misoprostol alone for cervical ripening.Women with a singleton pregnancy admitted at term for cervical ripening and IOL based on clinical indication were randomised into three groups. Oxytocin augmentation was done in the groups as indicated. Significant tests were done using chi square, Fisher's exact and analysis of variance tests.A total of 210 women were randomised into the study. Women in the combined group (Foley's catheter and vaginal misoprostol) had significantly higher postcervical ripening Bishop's score than the women in the other two groups; P = 0.001. Cervical ripening time, induction-delivery time and cervical ripening-delivery interval were significantly shorter in the combined group compared to the other two groups; P = 0.001. Also, women in the combined group required significantly lesser oxytocin augmentation than the other two groups; P = 0.001. There was no difference in Apgar scores at 1 or 5 minutes or in special baby care unit admission among the groups. There were no reported cases of uterine contractile abnormalities or rupture in this study.Combined Foley's catheter and vaginal misoprostol provide a shorter duration to the achievement of cervical ripening. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
170647 | Brain growth under social pressure: mathematical modelling of brain growth when individuals face social challenges | Growing and maintaining a large brain entails substantial energetic costs. A large brain can evolve if costs are compensated by benefits from associated cognitive abilities. Leading hypotheses for brain evolution consider benefits arising from the solution of ecological and social problems. However, progress has been hindered by the unavailability of mathematical theory generating testable hypotheses from known causes.
I will develop testable mathematical models that yield quantitative predictions for brain mass through ontogeny when individuals evolve under social pressures. The goal is to assess the relative role of the social and ecological hypotheses in brain evolution, particularly in humans. I will formulate the models using elements of metabolic theory and life history theory, and the analysis will require methods from optimal control and differential game theory.
This is a strongly interdisciplinary research project, and I will ensure its success by working with leaders in the respective fields of social evolution theory (Dr Andy Gardner, St Andrews), cognition (the world-class multi-departmental team at St Andrews), and differential game theory (Prof Maurizio Falcone, Sapienza). This work thus brings together a diversity of state-of-the-art elements and proposes an innovative, challenging, and important project, to produce a novel and readily usable tool to study brain evolution. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevE.87.022142 | Extrema statistics in the dynamics of a non-Gaussian random field | When the equations that govern the dynamics of a random field are nonlinear, the field can develop with time non-Gaussian statistics even if its initial condition is Gaussian. Here, we provide a general framework for calculating the effect of the underlying nonlinear dynamics on the relative densities of maxima and minima of a two-dimensional field. Using this simple geometrical probe, we can identify the size of the non-Gaussian contributions in the random field, or alternatively the magnitude of the nonlinear terms in the underlying equations of motion. We demonstrate our approach by applying it to an initially Gaussian field that evolves according to the deterministic KPZ equation, which models surface growth and shock dynamics. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1002/mma.3896 | New conservative finite volume element schemes for the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation | In this paper, three conservative finite volume element schemes are proposed and compared for the modif ied Korteweg–de Vries equation, especially with regard to their accuracy and conservative properties. The schemes are constructed basing on the discrete variational derivative method and the finite volume element method to inherit the properties of the original equation. The theoretical analysis show that three schemes are conservative under suitable boundary conditions as well as unconditionally linear stability. Numerical experiments are given to confirm the theoretical results and the capacity of the proposed methods for capturing the solitary wave phenomena. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1137/070694806 | Remarks On Drift Estimation For Diffusion Processes | In applications such as molecular dynamics it is of interest to fit Smoluchowski and Langevin equations to data. Practitioners often achieve this by a variety of seemingly ad hoc procedures such as fitting to the empirical measure generated by the data and fitting to properties of autocorrelation functions. Statisticians, on the other hand, often use estimation procedures, which fit diffusion processes to data by applying the maximum likelihood principle to the path-space density of the desired model equations, and through knowledge of the properties of quadratic variation. In this paper we show that the procedures used by practitioners and statisticians to fit drift functions are, in fact, closely related and can be thought of as two alternative ways to regularize the (singular) likelihood function for the drift. We also present the results of numerical experiments which probe the relative efficacy of the two approaches to model identification and compare them with other methods such as the minimum distance estimator. | [
"Mathematics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1587284329 | Abundance of zooplankton and physico-chemical parameters of a polyculture fish pond of Manikganj, Bangladesh | Composition and abundance of zooplankton in a polyculture pond was studied during June 2003 to May 2004. A total of 33 major species of zooplankton including 11genera of Rotifera, 4 of Copepoda, 4 genera of Cladocera and 2 genera of Protozoa were identified. The monthly abundance of zooplankton varied form 4228 indiv/l in October 2003 to169 indiv/l in January 2004. Among the total zooplankton, Rotifera comprised of 71.07%, Copepoda comprised of 12.49% Nauplii comprised of 11.96%, Cladocera comprised of 1.49% and Protozoa comprised of 2.99%. Water temperature (r = 0.18), free CO2 (r = 0.40), TDS (r = 0.14) and water depth (r = 0.55) showed positive correlation with zooplankton but air temperature, pH, dissolved O2, total hardness and ammonia showed negative correlation (the coefficients being -0.18, -0.05, -0.25, -0.38 and -0.11 respectively) with the occurrence of zooplankton. The average growth of fishes and zooplankton showed positive correlation in all cases but the relations were insignificant when tested statistically.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(1): 67-76, 2014 | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W600939941 | Du bon usage de la contractualisation en droit de la propriété intellectuelle | The contractualization is a contemporary trend which crosses numerous branches of the law. As a process of regulation, it implies the participation of the stakeholders in the elaboration and the evolution of the law. This thesis aims at verifying its relevance and determining its impact in intellectual property law, domain dominated by the law and order, but subject to a deep loss of legitimacy. Reflecting a withdrawal of the law and order and a real dynamics of rule-making, the contractualization covers two levels. First of all, in the contractual relationship, the contractualization allows the holder of a subjective right to negotiate the exercise of its individual prerogatives and to confer a certain freedom and power to act that he can practice instead of his cocontracting party. In this case, the contractualization is presented as a vector of subjective rights. Then, in the upper level, the contractualization appears as a new mode of regulation. The stakeholders are associated to the elaboration of the law, either by delegation, or by incentive. This additional contractualization intends to produce private standards basing quite at the same time on the idea of flexibility and voluntary consent. These private standards will finally be received in the legal order assuming that they realize a balance between the economic utility of the proposed arrangement and the social value carried by compulsory rule. In this second prospect, the contractual standard appears as a legal model which should be encouraged, halfway between the spontaneous legal rule and the negotiated legal rule | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
173453 | Origin and protection of unstable repetitive dna elements during sexual reproduction | The objective of this proposal is to define the molecular basis behind the origin and protection of unstable repetitive DNA sequences during sexual reproduction. Eukaryotic genomes contain large amounts of repetitive elements that serve vital roles in cellular physiology. However, repetitive elements are intrinsically unstable, which is caused by a high likelihood for incorrect repair when DNA breaks form within repetitive elements. During sexual reproduction, numerous DNA breaks are actively introduced into the genome, and repetitive sequences particularly threaten genome stability during this specialized developmental program.
We will use the repetitive budding yeast ribosomal (r)DNA array as a model locus to study repetitive DNA instability. Our previous work showed that the outermost elements of this large repetitive array (i.e. rDNA array boundaries) are DNA break ‘fragile sites’, which attract DNA breaks during sexual reproduction. Importantly, we isolated the first known enzymatic ‘anti-DNA break’ system, which minimizes DNA break formation at rDNA array boundaries and as such is crucially required to maintain genome stability.
In the experiments outlined here, we will use a combination of genomics, molecular biology and biochemistry to:
1) Interrogate the origins of the vulnerability of the repetitive rDNA boundaries for DNA breaks, and
2) Define how a first-in-class ‘anti-DNA break’ system locally protects against DNA break formation.
These studies will serve as a paradigm for repetitive DNA instability, yielding major insights into the general principles that govern protection of vulnerable genomic elements during sexual reproduction. It is well established that incorrect repair of DNA breaks involving repetitive sequences during sexual reproduction causes a myriad of human congenital disorders. Therefore, we foresee that insights gained from this work have the potential to help us understand the aetiology of human genetic disease. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2273509805 | Correlation between ERβ gene polymorphism and breast cancer of Uyghur nationality and Han nationality in Xinjiang area | OBJECTIVE Estrogen receptorβgene(ERβ)has two common polymorphism locis,which is a subtype of estrogen receptor(ER),different individual expression level and function of ERβmay be affected by the ERβgene polymorphism.The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of ERβRsaⅠ polymorphism with susceptibility to breast cancer in patients of Uyghur and Han.METHODS A total of 493 women including 130 Uyghur cases,125 Uyghur controls,120 Han cases and 118 Han controls were enrolled to determine the Rsa Ⅰ polymorphism of ERβusing PCR-RFLP method.Then the relationship of ERβRsa Ⅰ polymorphism with breast cancer susceptibility was analyzed.RESULTS Significant differences of ERβRsaⅠ genotypes and allele frequencies were observed between cases and controls in whole group(P0.05).However,in Uyghur group,there were no significant differences of ERβRsaⅠ polymorphism between cases and controls(P0.05).While,in Han group,our finding showed significant differences of ERβRsaⅠ polymorphism between cases and controls(P0.05).We also found that compared with those carrying rr genotype,the population carrying Rr genotype without fertility or benign breast diseases showed decreased risk of breast cancer in Han group(OR=0.466,95%CI was 0.234-0.928,P0.05;OR=0.421,95%CI was 0.204-0.869,P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Our data shows significant difference of ERβRsa Ⅰ polymorphism between cases and controls in Uyghur and Han groups.People of Han carrying Rr genotype may have a decreased risk of breast cancer in Xinjiang. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1998209581 | Gain Estimation of a Digital-to-Time Converter for Phase-Prediction All-Digital PLL | We propose a gain estimation technique of a digital-to-time converter (DTC) and a time-to-digital converter (TDC) intended for an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) that is based on a recently introduced phase-prediction (PP) technique. Such a PP-ADPLL reduces the timing range and thus complexity of the fractional part of the phase detection mechanism. The conventional TDC gain estimation methods based on measuring the DCO clock period are not feasible for PP-ADPLLs due to the TDC timing range being much smaller than one DCO clock period. The proposed gain estimation method can run concurrently with the normal ADPLL phase locking process and its feasibility is confirmed through behavioral simulations. Although the estimation method is specifically proposed for the PP-ADPLL, its operating principle can also be applied to conventional ADPLL architectures that require an accurate TDC gain estimation. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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