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10.1177/0959683610394883 | How Can A Glacial Inception Be Predicted | The Early Anthropogenic Hypothesis considers that greenhouse gas concentrations should have declined during the Holocene in absence of humankind activity, leading to glacial inception around the present. It partly relies on the fact that present levels of northern summer incoming solar radiation are close to those that, in the past, preceded a glacial inception phenomenon, associated to declines in greenhouse gas concentrations. However, experiments with various numerical models of glacial cycles show that next glacial inception may still be delayed by several ten thousands of years, even with the assumption of greenhouse gas concentration declines during the Holocene. Furthermore, as we show here, conceptual models designed to capture the gross dynamics of the climate system as a whole suggest also that small disturbances may sometimes cause substantial delays in glacial events, causing a fair level of unpredictability on ice age dynamics. This suggests the need of a validated mathematical description of the climate system dynamics that allows us to quantify uncertainties on predictions. Here, it is proposed to organise our knowledge about the physics and dynamics of glacial cycles through a Bayesian inference network. Constraints on the physics and dynamics of climate can be encapsulated into a stochastic dynamical system. These constraints include, in particular, estimates of the sensitivity of the components of climate to external forcings, inferred from plans of experiments with large simulators of the atmosphere, oceans and ice sheets. On the other hand, palaeoclimate observations are accounted for through a process of parameter calibration. We discuss promises and challenges raised by this programme. | [
"Mathematics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1038/nature08913 | The enigma of supersolidity | A 'supersolid' is a quantum solid in which a fraction of the mass is superfluid. As a remarkable consequence, it is rigid, but part of its mass is able to flow owing to quantum physical processes. This paradoxical state of matter was considered as a theoretical possibility as early as 1969, but its existence was discovered only in 2004, in 4 He. Since then, intense experimental and theoretical efforts have been made to explain the origins of this exotic state of matter. It now seems that its physical interpretation is more complicated than originally thought. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1093/gji/ggt368 | A low attenuation layer in the earth's uppermost inner core | The attenuation structure of the Earth's inner core, in combination with the velocity structure, provides much insight into its rheological and mineralogical properties. Here, we use a large data set of PKIKP/PKiKP amplitude ratios to derive attenuation models for the upper 100 km of the inner core, incorporating the effects of velocity models calculated using the same data set. We confirm that the upper inner core is hemispherical in attenuation, with stronger attenuation in the east hemisphere. We also observe, for the first time, a low attenuation upper layer of approximately 30 km thickness throughout the top of the inner core. Attenuation increases beneath this layer, and then gradually decreases going deeper into the inner core. Although the data appear to show attenuation anisotropy below 57. 5 km depth in the west, we find that this can be explained by the velocity models alone, with no requirement for attenuation anisotropy in the upper inner core. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2016505351 | Cerebellar Nuclei: Key Roles for Strategically Located Structures | With the exception of vestibular information, cerebellar nuclei represent the unique source of output of the cerebellar circuitry. The fastigial (FN), globose/emboliform (interpositus, IN), and dentate (DN) nuclei receive inhibitory GABAergic signals from Purkinje neurons and send back fibers to the cerebellar cortex. The numerous GABAA inhibitory synapses between cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei allow responses to high-frequency Purkinje cell firing [1]. Cerebellar nuclei receive excitatory collaterals of mossy fibers and climbing fibers, especially via AMPA and NMDA receptors [2]. A subset of small neurons in cerebellar nuclei project to the inferior olivary complex, providing a feedback to the inferior olive. Cerebellar nuclei thus integrate the converging excitatory and inhibitory signals to provide the final output of the cerebellar circuits. Each cerebellar nucleus has a separate somatotopic representation of the body [3]. The projections to different cerebral cortical areas originate from distinct areas of cerebellar nuclei. In particular, the DN is spatially divided into a motor and nonmotor zone, with a closed loop from the nucleus to the cerebral cortex and back to the nucleus. Cerebellar nuclei control differentially the medial and lateral motor systems and their functions [4]. The vestibular and FN are concerned with the control of eye movements, control of head orientation, stance, and gait. FN can be functionally divided into rostral and caudal components [4, 5]. The rostral portion is involved in the control of somatic musculature, head orientation, and eye-gaze shifts [4]. The caudal FN plays key roles in saccade generation and smooth pursuit [6]. The IN is particularly active during the modulation of various reflexes and sensory feedback [7]. The eyeblink responses are typically associated with a modulation of activity in behaving animals [8]. The intermediate cortex and the IN fire in relation to the antagonist muscle group [9, 10], in agreement with a role in damping the limb oscillations and compensation of errors [11]. The IN participates in the excitability of the stretch reflexes [12]. The DN is especially concerned with voluntary movements of the extremities, including reaching and grasping. Dentate neurons preferentially fire at the onset of movement triggered by mental associations [4]. An influential theory is that cerebellar nuclei constitute temporal pattern generators that can contribute to the precise temporal control of motor or cognitive events [13, 14]. The plasticity of Purkinje neurons–cerebellar nuclei synapses is based upon synaptically driven changes in excitability and LTP/LTD [15–17]. In conjunction with the LTP/LTD in cerebellar cortex and the adaptations occurring in mossy/ climbing fibers, such plasticity allows for reshaping of patterns of activities in cerebellar nuclei. On the basis of GABA decarboxylase isoform 67 (GAD67) expression and electrophysiological properties, three types of cerebellar nuclei neurons have been described [18]: the large non-GABAergic neurons (“GADnL”; putatively corresponding to the glutamatergic projection neurons) and two classes of smaller neurons, one M. Manto :N. Oulad Ben Taib Service de Neurologie et Neurochirurgie, ULB Erasme, Brussels, Belgium | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
680358 | Learning from Big Code: Probabilistic Models, Analysis and Synthesis | The goal of this proposal is to fundamentally change the way we build and reason about software. We aim to develop new kinds of statistical programming systems that provide probabilistically likely solutions to tasks that are difficult or impossible to solve with traditional approaches.
These statistical programming systems will be based on probabilistic models of massive codebases (also known as ``Big Code'') built via a combination of advanced programming languages and powerful machine learning and natural language processing techniques. To solve a particular challenge, a statistical programming system will query a probabilistic model, compute the most likely predictions, and present those to the developer.
Based on probabilistic models of ``Big Code'', we propose to investigate new statistical techniques in the context of three fundamental research directions: i) statistical program synthesis where we develop techniques that automatically synthesize and predict new programs, ii) statistical prediction of program properties where we develop new techniques that can predict important facts (e.g., types) about programs, and iii) statistical translation of programs where we investigate new techniques for statistical translation of programs (e.g., from one programming language to another, or to a natural language).
We believe the research direction outlined in this interdisciplinary proposal opens a new and exciting area of computer science. This area will combine sophisticated statistical learning and advanced programming language techniques for building the next-generation statistical programming systems.
We expect the results of this proposal to have an immediate impact upon millions of developers worldwide, triggering a paradigm shift in the way tomorrow's software is built, as well as a long-lasting impact on scientific fields such as machine learning, natural language processing, programming languages and software engineering. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
694825 | Restoration of tumor suppressor function by induction of translational read-through of premature termination codons - a strategy for improved cancer therapy | Tumor suppressor genes such as TP53, RB1, PTEN and APC are frequently inactivated in sporadic and inherited human tumors. A significant fraction of the mutations in these genes are nonsense mutations that lead to premature termination of translation and expression of truncated unstable and non-functional proteins. We will identify and characterize novel molecules that can induce translational read-through of premature termination codons in nonsense mutant TP53 and expression of full length p53 protein. Hits will be tested for their effect on nonsense mutant RB1, PTEN and APC. We will also elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of the identified compounds by CETSA and other techniques. Moreover, we will test hit compounds on primary tumor cells from patients ex vivo, and generate mouse knock-in tumor models with nonsense mutant tumor suppressor genes for further characterization of hits. We will take the most promising hits through preclinical development towards clinical trials. Our aim is to develop novel and efficient targeted therapy for tumors with nonsense mutations in the TP53, RB1, PTEN and/or APC tumor suppressor genes. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2791037149 | Pre-seismic ionospheric anomalies of the 2013 Mw = 7.7 Pakistan earthquake from GPS and COSMIC observations | Abstract The seismo-ionospheric anomalies may provide some insights about the earthquake. However, pre-seismic ionospheric anomalies are still challenging. In this paper, seismo-ionospheric anomalies are investigated before the September 24, 2013 (Mw = 7.7) Awaran (Pakistan) earthquake from GPS TEC (Total Electron Content) and COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) data. The TEC data are showing anomalies on September 21, 2013. The abnormality detected in the temporal data is about 10 TECU beyond the 30-day running median. The percentage deviation of the TEC anomaly on September 21, is 30% above the upper confidence interval. The anomalies prevail 5° in Latitude and 10° in Longitude over the epicenter. The spatial and temporal data of TEC showed anomalies in TEC from UT = 08 to UT = 12. In addition, the enhancement on September 21, 2013 is also very significant in COSMIC data. The results of COSMIC completely agreed with GPS TEC anomalies on September 21, 2013. The percentage deviation of the peak plasma frequency on September 21 is 5% of the normal distribution. The storm indices are quiet before and after the earthquake. The pre-sesimic ionospheric anomalies are most probably associated with the 2013 Mw = 7.7 Awaran (Pakistan) earthquake. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/v11030271 | Mosquito Small RNA Responses to West Nile and Insect-Specific Virus Infections in Aedes and Culex Mosquito Cells | Small RNA mediated responses are essential for antiviral defence in mosquitoes, however, they appear to differ per virus-vector combination. To further investigate the diversity of small RNA responses against viruses in mosquitoes, we applied a small RNA deep sequencing approach on five mosquito cell lines: Culex tarsalis CT cells, Aedes albopictus U4. 4 and C6/36 cells, Ae. aegypti Aag2 cells (cleared from cell fusing agent virus and Culex Y virus (CYV) by repetitive dsRNA transfections) and Ae. pseudoscutellaris AP-61 cells. De novo assembly of small RNAs revealed the presence of Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV), Calbertado virus, Flock House virus and a novel narnavirus in CT cells, CYV in U4. 4 cells, and PCLV in Aag2 cells, whereas no insect-specific viruses (ISVs) were detected in C6/36 and AP-61 cells. Next, we investigated the small RNA responses to the identified ISVs and to acute infection with the arthropod-borne West Nile virus (WNV). We demonstrate that AP-61 and C6/36 cells do not produce siRNAs to WNV infection, suggesting that AP-61, like C6/36, are Dicer-2 deficient. CT cells produced a strong siRNA response to the persistent ISVs and acute WNV infection. Interestingly, CT cells also produced viral PIWI-interacting (pi)RNAs to PCLV, but not to WNV or any of the other ISVs. In contrast, in U4. 4 and Aag2 cells, WNV siRNAs, and pi-like RNAs without typical ping-pong piRNA signature were observed, while this signature was present in PCLV piRNAs in Aag2 cells. Together, our results demonstrate that mosquito small RNA responses are strongly dependent on both the mosquito cell type and/or the mosquito species and family of the infecting virus. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-44778-0_10 | Mapping the language connectome in healthy subjects and brain tumor patients | A crucial challenge for both clinical and systems neuroscience is reliable mapping of brain networks to higher-order cognitive functions in both health and disease. In this paper, we map the brain’s emerging language network in the human connectome based on data from rTMS studies on healthy volunteers as well as brain tumor patients. The key finding is that cortical areas which are involved in the language network are more likely to be connected to Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas based on standard graph theoretic measures. In addition, the higher the connectivity of a particular area to the classic language areas, the more likely it is that region is involved in the language network. We comment on the clinical value that these structure-function connectome maps can have for planning and aiding neurosurgical procedures. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
223897 | Biophysical mechanisms of long-range transcriptional regulation | In mammals, transcriptional control of many genes relies on cis-regulatory elements such as enhancers, which are often located tens to hundreds of kilobases away from their cognate promoters. Functional interactions between distal regulatory elements and target promoters require mutual physical proximity, which is linked to the three-dimensional structure of the chromatin fiber. Chromosome conformation capture studies revealed that chromosomes are partitioned into Topologically Associating Domains (TADs), sub-megabase domains of preferential physical interactions of the chromatin fiber. Genetic evidence showed that TAD boundaries restrict the genomic range of enhancer-promoter communication, and that interactions between regulatory sequences within TADs are further fine-tuned by smaller-scale structures. However, the mechanistic details of how physical interactions translate into transcriptional outputs are totally unknown. Here we propose to explore the biophysical mechanisms that link chromosome conformation and long-range transcriptional regulation using molecular biology, genetic engineering, single-cell experiments and physical modeling. We will measure chromosomal interactions in single cells and in time using a novel method that relies on an enzymatic process in vivo. Genetic engineering will be used to establish a cell system that allows quantitative measurement of how enhancer-promoter interactions relate to transcription at the population and single-cell levels, and to test the effects of perturbations without confounding effects. Finally, we will develop physical models of promoter operation in the presence of distal enhancers, which will be used to interpret the experimental data and formulate new testable predictions. With this integrated approach we aim at providing an entirely new layer of description of the general principles underlying transcriptional control, which could establish new paradigms for research in epigenetics and gene regulation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1109/TIM.2015.2390833 | Parametric System Identification Using Quantized Data | The estimation of signal parameters using quantized data is a recurrent problem in electrical engineering. As an example, this includes the estimation of a noisy constant value and of the parameters of a sinewave, that is, its amplitude, initial record phase, and offset. Conventional algorithms, such as the arithmetic mean, in the case of the estimation of a constant, are known not to be optimal in the presence of quantization errors. They provide biased estimates if particular conditions regarding the quantization process are not met, as it usually happens in practice. In this paper, a quantile-based estimator is presented, which is based on the Gauss–Markov theorem. The general theory is first described and the estimator is then applied to both direct current and alternate current input signals with unknown characteristics. Using simulations and experimental results, it is shown that the new estimator outperforms conventional estimators in both problems, by removing the estimation bias. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.3354/ame01452 | Nutrient pathways through the microbial food web: Principles and predictability discussed, based on five different experiments | Although explanatory and predictive powers are 2 closely interconnected aspects of conceptual and mathematical models of complex systems, the two are not equivalent. The 2 aspects are discussed here for the microbial part of photic zone food webs of the marine pelagic. We focus on the specific question of how limiting nutrients are transferred from the dissolved form, through the microbial food web, to mesozooplankton. For this purpose, 5 different nutrient addition experiments are reviewed and compared to a 'simplest possible' conceptual food web model. The experiments range in scale from artificial food webs constructed in laboratory chemostats, via mesocosm experiments, to a Lagrangian open-ocean addition experiment and cover time scales from days to weeks. We conclude that main system responses in all cases can be explained within the framework of the simple model, and that each experiment therefore also adds credibility to the basic concepts of this model. However, different system attributes profoundly affect the pathway and speed of nutrient transfer in each experiment. A re-occurring theme seems to be how the interactions between flexible stoichiometry and predatory processes modify experimental outcomes. Understanding the flexibility in the behavior of the system has thus increased with each experiment, but the requirement for new ad hoc assumptions to be added to the basic model structure in each case makes reliable predictions of the experimental outcome appear only possible with further model elaboration. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201423828 | Vimos Ultra Deep Survey Vuds Witnessing The Assembly Of A Massive Cluster At Z 3 3 | Using new spectroscopic observations obtained as part of the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS), we perform a systematic search for overdense environments in the early universe ($z>2$) and report here on the discovery of Cl J0227-0421, a massive protocluster at $z=3. 29$. This protocluster is characterized by both the large overdensity of spectroscopically confirmed members, $\delta_{gal}=10. 5\pm2. 8$, and a significant overdensity in photometric redshift members. The halo mass of this protocluster is estimated, by a variety of methods, to be roughly $3\times10^{14}$ $\mathcal{M}_{\odot}$ at $z\sim3. 3$, which, evolved to $z=0$ results in a halo mass rivaling or exceeding that of the Coma cluster. The properties of 19 spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies are compared with a large sample of VUDS/VVDS galaxies in lower density field environments at similar redshifts. We find tentative evidence for an excess of redder, brighter, and more massive galaxies within the confines of the protocluster relative to the field population, which suggests that we may be observing the beginning of environmentally-induced quenching. The properties of these galaxies are investigated, including a discussion of the brightest protocluster galaxy which appears to be undergoing vigorous coeval nuclear and starburst activity. The remaining member galaxies appear to have characteristics which are largely similar to the field population. Though we find weaker evidence of the suppression of the median star formation rates amongst and differences in stacked spectra of member galaxies with respect to the field, we defer any conclusions of these trends to future work with the ensemble of protostructures that are found in the full VUDS sample. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W4229001640 | Effacement / absence du sujet et fonction du genre neutre dans les langues slaves. Quelques observations à partir des idées de A. Potebnja et de A.M. Peškovskij | F. Giusti-Fici voit dans l’œuvre du linguiste russo-ukrainien A. Potebnja, continuateur de la pensée humboldtienne en Russie, une réflexion sur les constructions impersonnelles comme manifestations de la pensée non orienté sur l’agent, qui se réalisent dans l’impossibilité d’avoir un actant sujet en dépendance du prédicat. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2375585711 | On Handling the Relations of Rights and Interests among Regions | With the development of market economy,the relations of rights and interests among regions have become an increasingly complicated network and have played an important role in the national structural system.The conflicts of power,rights,interests and judicial disputes among different regions have increasingly become widespread.The scope of the relations has been broadened to a multi-level and multi-dimensional relations of rights and interests among different entities including longitudinally central and local,upper-and lower-level regions,and horizontally parallel regions and cross regions.It is necessary to establish and implement the following principles and safeguarding mechanisms to deal with the relations of the rights and interests among regions.Regions are the representatives of the rights and interests.The allocation of rights and interests among the regions should be appropriate.Regions should pay attention to the overall interests,and should help and accommodate each other.The relations should be normalized and legalized.The trans-administrational jurisdiction system should be established. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.4171/JEMS/654 | On Non Forking Spectra | Non-forking is one of the most important notions in modern model theory capturing the idea of a generic extension of a type (which is a far-reaching generalization of the concept of a generic point of a variety). To a countable first-order theory we associate its non-forking spectrum — a function of two cardinalsandgiving the supremum of the possible number of types over a model of size � that do not fork over a sub-model of size �. This is a natural generalization of the stability function of a theory. We make progress towards classifying the non-forking spectra. On the one hand, we show that the possible values a non-forking spectrum may take are quite limited. On the other hand, we develop a general technique for constructing theories with a prescribed non-forking spectrum, thus giving a number of examples. In particular, we answer negatively a question of Adler whether NIP is equivalent to bounded non-forking. In addition, we answer a question of Keisler regarding the number of cuts a linear order may have. Namely, we show that it is possible that ded� < (ded�) ! . | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/adem.201600012 | Shape-Memory Topographies on Nickel–Titanium Alloys Trained by Embossing and Pulse Electrochemical Machining | The two-way shape-memory effect (TWSME) in Nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloys is of interest for applications in aerospace, biomedicine, and microengineering due to its reversible shape recovery. In this study, the authors demonstrate two approaches to obtain switchable surface structures using the TWSME. Samples are structured using two surface geometries by either cold embossing, or pulse electrochemical machining (PECM). After planarization, a change from optically smooth to structured and vice versa is observed. The switch is induced through heating and cooling the sample above and below the phase transformation temperature. The protrusions reflect the pattern applied by the two processes. Both methods are promising for preparation of switchable metallic surfaces on larger areas. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1109/TASL.2014.2315271 | Natural Language Generation As Incremental Planning Under Uncertainty Adaptive Information Presentation For Statistical Dialogue Systems | We present and evaluate a novel approach to natural language generation (NLG) in statistical spoken dialogue systems (SDS) using a data-driven statistical optimization framework for incremental information presentation (IP), where there is a trade-off to be solved between presenting "enough" information to the user while keeping the utterances short and understandable. The trained IP model is adaptive to variation from the current generation context (e. g. a user and a non-deterministic sentence planner), and it incrementally adapts the IP policy at the turn level. Reinforcement learning is used to automatically optimize the IP policy with respect to a data-driven objective function. In a case study on presenting restaurant information, we show that an optimized IP strategy trained on Wizard-of-Oz data outperforms a baseline mimicking the wizard behavior in terms of total reward gained. The policy is then also tested with real users, and improves on a conventional hand-coded IP strategy used in a deployed SDS in terms of overall task success. The evaluation found that the trained IP strategy significantly improves dialogue task completion for real users, with up to a 8. 2% increase in task success. This methodology also provides new insights into the nature of the IP problem, which has previously been treated as a module following dialogue management with no access to lower-level context features (e. g. from a surface realizer and/or speech synthesizer). | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
217793 | Cross border sesar trials for enhanced arrival management | There are periods during the day when variation in aircraft arrival times combine to exceed the capacity of the destination airport to handle them without incurring airborne delay. Such delay causes increased emissions and noise in the vicinity of the airport, as well as increasing the aircraft operator’s fuel costs. Greater congestion increases the air traffic control workload and can result in less efficient aircraft profiles.
To reduce airborne delays near the destination airport and the associated negative effects, two concepts can be used. One is to adjust an aircraft’s departure time by holding it on the ground so that its arrival time avoids the predicted peak in arriving traffic. Other methods involve trajectory extension or slowing down an aircraft in flight. This requires the arrival sequence to be calculated earlier than in current operations so that action can be taken early enough to have a meaningful effect.
The XSTREAM project will demonstrate the benefits gained through this latter concept. These methods can be used in combination with the former concept, traditionally regarded as a network management action, but refined through the use of arrival management tools. The project will demonstrate the use of arrival management techniques for pre-departure aircraft, the calculation, updating and passing of arrival management actions for airborne aircraft such as target time, time-to-lose/gain, or speed advisory from the destination arrival management system to upstream control units, and the impact of multiple arrival constraints within an Upper Airspace Control unit.
The operational demonstrations will be performed upon aircraft arriving at Paris CDG and Orly, London Heathrow and Gatwick, and Zurich. These optimized arrivals will be supported by several en-route Control units, which also will demonstrate how ‘multiple arrival constraints’ can be handled. The project will demonstrate the use of SWIM and remain aligned with engineering standardization work | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1987619263 | A study of sub-ionospheric early VLF perturbations observed at Agra (L=1.15), India | In this paper, we present the results of sub-ionospheric VLF perturbations observed on NWC (19.8 kHz) ransmitter signal propagating in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, monitored at Agra (Geomag. Lat 27°E, long. 78°N) using SoftPAL receiver. During the period of observation (June, 2011 to December, 2011), we found 75 cases of abrupt amplitude/phase perturbations showing early character. Most of the early events observed show an amplitude change lying between 0.16–4.5 dB, only few cases having >4.5 dB and phase change lying between 01–17 degree respectively. The onset duration of these early perturbations is up to ∼ 5 sec, showing early slow character. The World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data and the broadband VLF data is analysed to find the location of causative lightning associated with these early VLF perturbations. During the period of our study majority of the events are observed at nighttimes and only few cases are observed at daytimes most likely due to the occurrence of red sprite or elves in the daytime. The lightning discharge and associated processes that leads to the changes in the waveguide characteristics and hence VLF transmission have been discussed. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.053003 | Quantum quench in an atomic one-dimensional Ising chain | We study nonequilibrium dynamics for an ensemble of tilted one-dimensional atomic Bose-Hubbard chains after a sudden quench to the vicinity of the transition point of the Ising paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic quantum phase transition. The quench results in coherent oscillations for the orientation of effective Ising spins, detected via oscillations in the number of doubly occupied lattice sites. We characterize the quench by varying the system parameters. We report significant modification of the tunneling rate induced by interactions and show clear evidence for collective effects in the oscillatory response. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1209/0295-5075/118/68004 | Phase-tunable temperature amplifier | Coherent caloritronics, the thermal counterpart of coherent electronics, has drawn growing attention since the discovery of heat interference in 2012. Thermal interferometers, diodes, transistors and nano-valves have been theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated by exploiting the quantum phase difference between two superconductors coupled through a Josephson junction. So far, the quantum-phase modulator has been realized in the form of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) or a superconducting quantum interference proximity transistor (SQUIPT). Thence, an external magnetic field is necessary in order to manipulate the heat transport. Here, we theoretically propose the first on-chip fully thermal caloritronic device: the phase-tunable temperature amplifier (PTA). Taking advantage of a recently discovered thermoelectric effect in spin-split superconductors coupled to a spin-polarized system, we generate the magnetic flux controlling the transport through a temperature-biased SQUIPT by applying a temperature gradient. We simulate the behavior of the device and define a number of figures of merit in full analogy with voltage amplifiers. Notably, our architecture ensures almost infinite input thermal impedance, maximum gain of about 11 and efficiency reaching the 95%. This concept paves the way for applications in radiation sensing, thermal logics and quantum information. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
885792 | Equidistribution, fractal measures and arithmetic | The subject of this proposal lies at the crossroads of analysis, additive combinatorics, number theory and fractal geometry exploring equidistribution phenomena for random walks on groups and group actions and regularity properties of self-similar, self-affine and Furstenberg boundary measures and other kinds of stationary measures. Many of the problems I will study in this project are deeply linked with problems in number theory, such as bounds for the separation between algebraic numbers, Lehmer's conjecture and irreducibility of polynomials.
The central aim of the project is to gain insight into and eventually resolve problems in several main directions including the following. I will address the main challenges that remain in our understanding of the spectral gap of averaging operators on finite groups and Lie groups and I will study the applications of such estimates. I will build on the dramatic recent progress on a problem of Erdos from 1939 regarding Bernoulli convolutions. I will also investigate other families of fractal measures. I will examine the arithmetic properties (such as irreducibility and their Galois groups) of generic polynomials with bounded coefficients and in other related families of polynomials.
While these lines of research may seem unrelated, both the problems and the methods I propose to study them are deeply connected. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
Q4247465 | LIQUIDITÄTSHILFE FÜR KLEINSTUNTERNEHMEN, DIE VON DER COVID-KRISE BETROFFEN SIND | UNTERSTÜTZUNG DER LIQUIDITÄT VON KLEINST- UND KLEINUNTERNEHMEN IM EINZELHANDELS-, LIEFER- UND DIENSTLEISTUNGSSEKTOR, DEREN TÄTIGKEIT INFOLGE DES ERLASSES DES PREMIERMINISTERS VOM 11. MÄRZ 2020 AUSGESETZT WURDE | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W624402985 | A Cultural History of Gardens in the Modern Age | A Cultural History of Gardens presents an authoritative survey from ancient times to the present. This set of six volumes covers over 2500 years of gardens as physical, social and artistic spaces. 1. A Cultural History of Gardens in Antiquity (600 BCE - 600 CE) 2. A Cultural History of Gardens in the Middle Ages (600 - 1400) 3. A Cultural History of Gardens in the Renaissance (1400 - 1700) 4. A Cultural History of Gardens in the Age of Enlightenment (1700 - 1800) 5. A Cultural History of Gardens in the Age of Empire (1800 - 1900) 6. A Cultural History of Gardens in the Modern Age (1900 - 21st Century) Each volume discusses the same themes in its chapters: 1. Design 2. Types of Gardens 3. Planting 4. Use and Reception 5. Visual Representations 6. Verbal Representations 7. Meaning 8. Gardens and the Larger Landscape This structure means readers can either have a broad overview of a period by reading a volume or follow a theme through history by reading the relevant chapter in each volume. Superbly illustrated, the full six volume set combines to present the most authoritative and comprehensive survey available on gardens through history | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W2886298806 | Community as a Key Word: A Heuristic for Action-Oriented Sustainability Research | In this article, I outline the foundations of a consistent and systematic approach to conceptualizing communities in action-oriented sustainability research. More specifically, I develop a conceptual heuristic based on key questions related to ontology, epistemology, methodology and motivation that should be useful for researchers regarding the process of initiating, clarifying and reporting on research with communities. While the use of the community concept in sustainability research is particularly prominent, variability in the possible types of social groupings combined with the concept’s long and complicated etymology in the English language means the community concept lends itself easily to ambiguous and unspecified use. This can lead to problems of both conceptual vagueness and concept-object mismatch in scientific research, which in turn can influence the applicability and efficacy of research outcomes. While problems with community conceptualization are generally recognized, the heuristic developed here contributes by providing researchers with a framework and procedure for addressing these persistent challenges. The heuristic supports the rational and systematic development of a community concept that is sensitive to concrete contextual characteristics, while maintaining roots in a consistent philosophy of scientific knowledge production. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1093/hmg/ddq165 | Understanding the molecular mechanisms of friedreich's ataxia to develop therapeutic approaches | Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. The physiopathological consequences of frataxin deficiency are a severe disruption of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis, mitochondrial iron overload coupled to cellular iron dysregulation and an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Frataxin is a highly conserved protein, which has been suggested to participate in a variety of different roles associated with cellular iron homeostasis. The present review discusses recent advances that have made crucial contributions in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying FRDA and in advancements toward potential novel therapeutic approaches. Owing to space constraints, this review will focus on the most commonly accepted and solid molecular and biochemical studies concerning the function of frataxin and the physiopathology of the disease. We invite the reader to read the following reviews to have a more exhaustive overview of the field [Pandolfo, M. and Pastore, A. (2009) The pathogenesis of Friedreich ataxia and the structure and function of frataxin. J. Neurol. , 256 (Suppl. 1), 9-17; Gottesfeld, J. M. (2007) Small molecules affecting transcription in Friedreich ataxia. Pharmacol. Ther. , 116, 236-248; Pandolfo, M. (2008) Drug insight: antioxidant therapy in inherited ataxias. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. , 4, 86-96; Puccio, H. (2009) Multicellular models of Friedreich ataxia. J. Neurol. , 256 (Suppl. 1), 18-24]. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W3105793193 | Selective spatial damping of propagating kink waves due to resonant absorption | There is observational evidence of propagating kink waves driven by photospheric motions. These disturbances, interpreted as kink magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves are attenuated as they propagate upwards in the solar corona. In this paper we show that resonant absorption provides a simple explanation to the spatial damping of these waves. Kink MHD waves are studied using a cylindrical model of solar magnetic flux tubes which includes a non-uniform layer at the tube boundary. Assuming that the frequency is real and the longitudinal wavenumber complex, the damping length and damping per wavelength produced by resonant absorption are analytically calculated. The damping length of propagating kink waves due resonant absorption is a monotonically decreasing function of frequency. For kink waves with low frequencies the damping length is exactly inversely proportional to frequency and we denote this as the TGV relation. When moving to high frequencies the TGV relation continues to be an exceptionally good approximation of the actual dependency of the damping length on frequency. This dependency means that resonant absorption is selective as it favours low frequency waves and can efficiently remove high frequency waves from a broad band spectrum of kink waves. It is selective as the damping length is inversely proportional to frequency so that the damping becomes more severe with increasing frequency. This means that radial inhomogeneity can cause solar waveguides to be a natural low-pass filter for broadband disturbances. Hence kink wave trains travelling along, e.g., coronal loops, will have a greater proportion of the high frequency components dissipated lower down in the atmosphere. This could have important consequences with respect to the spatial distribution of wave heating in the solar atmosphere. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1098/rstb.2015.0545 | Flower development: From morphodynamics to morphomechanics | The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a small population of stem cells that continuously generates organs and tissues. We will discuss here flower formation at the SAM, which involves a complex network of regulatory genes and signalling molecules. A major downstream target of this network is the extracellular matrix or cell wall, which is a local determinant for both growth rates and growth directions. We will discuss here a number of recent studies aimed at analysing the link between cell wall structure and molecular regulation. This has involved multidisciplinary approaches including quantitative imaging, molecular genetics, computational biology and biophysics. A scenario emerges where molecular networks impact on both cell wall anisotropy and synthesis, thus causing the rapid outgrowth of organs at specific locations. More specifically, this involves two interdependent processes: the activation of wall remodelling enzymes and changes in microtubule dynamics. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
339495 | Axonuclear Communication in Neuronal Growth Control | Neurons exhibit the most marked size differences and diversity in intrinsic growth rates of any class of cells. How then can a neuron coordinate between biosynthesis rates in the soma and the growth needs of different lengths of axons? The central hypothesis of this proposal is that neurons sense the lengths of the axonal microtubule cytoskeleton on an ongoing basis by bidirectional motor-dependent axon-nucleus communication, and that the oscillating retrograde signal generated by this mechanism provides input for the coordinated regulation of neuronal biosynthesis and axonal growth. We will test this hypothesis in a multidisciplinary work program that will characterize and quantify the link between biosynthesis levels and axon outgrowth rates and identify and validate the roles and functions of key molecules underlying this mechanism. This research program will elucidate how neuronal biosynthesis and axon growth are co-regulated. New mechanistic insights on this fundamental aspect of neuronal cell biology will have far-reaching implications. From the basic science perspective, this work will establish a new modality for encoding spatial information in biological signals, providing a one-dimensional solution to the three-dimensional problem of sensing cell size. Moreover, the proposed mechanism can explain intrinsic limits on regenerative neuronal growth and raises the intriguing possibility of opening new avenues to bypass such limits towards acceleration of axonal growth for effective neural repair. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1002/1873-3468.13815 | The Ambivalent Role Of Water At The Origins Of Life | Life as we know it would not exist without water. However, water molecules not only serve as a solvent and reactant but can also promote hydrolysis, which counteracts the formation of essential organic molecules. This conundrum constitutes one of the central issues in origin of life. Hydrolysis is an important part of energy metabolism for all living organisms but only because, inside cells, it is a controlled reaction. How could hydrolysis have been regulated under prebiotic settings? Lower water activities possibly provide an answer: geochemical sites with less free and more bound water can supply the necessary conditions for protometabolic reactions. Such conditions occur in serpentinising systems, hydrothermal sites that synthesise hydrogen gas via rock-water interactions. Here, we summarise the parallels between biotic and abiotic means of controlling hydrolysis in order to narrow the gap between biochemical and geochemical reactions and briefly outline how hydrolysis could even have played a constructive role at the origin of molecular self-organisation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W1999309719 | Liberating Imagination and Other Ends of Medieval Jewish Philosophy | Abstract In its treatment of imagination as understood by medieval Jewish philosophers, modern scholarship has tended to neglect the intersection of animal fables and political thought. This paper examines several Aesopian themes in Greek philosophy and medieval Jewish philosophic literature, especially the tales composed by Berakhiah ha-Naqdan, in order to highlight the attention lavished by these premoderns on the faculty of imagination. It is argued that, according to the philosophers, human perfection requires the cultivation of both intellect and imagination. It is also shown that Pierre Hadot’s notion of “spiritual exercises” as constituting philosophy is fruitfully applicable to the genre of fable. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
W1908734752 | Classification of RNA sequences with pseudoknots using features based on partial sequences | Classification on pseudoknots existence is a challenging and meaningful problem in Bioinformatics. As predicting RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots is NP-complete problem while predicting pseudoknot-free structures can be done in O(n3) time, if a preliminary pseudoknots existence classification of RNA sequence can be done before the prediction, the classification result can enhance the efficiency of RNA secondary structure prediction. In this paper, a classification of the existence of pseudoknots in an RNA sequence is presented. A set of features have been chosen by partial sequence content and thousands of RNA sequences with validated structures are used to train the classifier. Using a validated testing dataset, this classification method is shown to achieve a very good performance that the best result get 87% accuracy in 10-fold cross validation and around 75% accuracy in testing data. Moreover it may reveal how partial sequence content can affect the formation of pseudoknots. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-40190-9 | Photophysics Of Ionic Biochromophores | Concepts. - Introduction and new aspects. - Experimental techniques. - Theoretical Methods. - Photo-initiated Dynamics and Spectroscopy of the Deprotonated Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore. - Fluorescence from Gas-phase Biomolecular Ions. - Spectroscopy of Ferric Heme and Protoporphyrin IX Ions in vacuo. - UV-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy of Protein Ions. - Excited-state Dynamics of Protonated Aromatic Amino Acids. - UV Photophysics of DNA and RNA Nucleotides in vacuo: Dissociation Channels, Time Scales, and Electronic Spectra. - Action Spectroscopy of Gas-phase Peptide Ions with Energetic Photons. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2154828745 | Potato Growers’ Risk Perception: A Case Study in Ardabil Province of Iran | Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPNs) are soil parasites that infect different types of arthropods e.g. larva of butterflies, moth, beetles and grasshopper thus affecting them in various ways. This is through reducing their fertility or causing sterility, delaying development and shortening longevity of the arthropods. Termites also sometimes suffer chance infections from the Steinernematids that become naturally dispersed in ordinary soil. Often, this result in the death of the affected termite but the impact on the termite colony itself is generally minor and of limited duration. The main aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of termites to EPNs (Steinernema karii) in a laboratory set up as a candidate for bio-control. The method used involved trapping the termites in petri dishes and infecting them with EPNs. Termites were also exposed to EPNs in a simulated natural habitat and the efficacy determined. It was found that infection in petri dish resulted in as high as 100% mortality especially in worker termites. There was little impact of EPNs on termites in the soil although workers showed higher mortality than soldier termites. At P=0.05, significant mortality difference was noted between EPNs-infected termites and control group in petri dish bioassays. Moreover, there was significance difference between soldiers and workers in terms of mortality rate. Infection in simulated natural habitat yielded less significant results compared to control group. It was concluded that S. karii has the potential to control termites, but methods have to be devised to allow maximum exposure of termites to the EPNs in their natural habitat. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1179/0093469013Z.00000000042 | The Earliest Evidence Of Domesticated Wheat In The Crimea At Chalcolithic Ardych Burun | This paper reports the discovery of the earliest evidence of domesticated wheat in the Crimean peninsula from the Ardych-Burun shell midden site, Ukraine. The Ardych-Burun site dates to middle of the 4th millennium cal b. c. For the first time, the chronology of a Ukrainian Chalcolithic period site has been established through direct radiocarbon dating of cereal grains retrieved from it. This discovery allows for a wider discussion of the chronology and geographical origins of domesticated plant species in Ukraine and the role the Caucasian corridor may have played in the spread of agriculture into eastern Europe. The presence of cereal crops in the southern Crimea enriches our understanding of the subsistence strategies of the coastal population, which was previously linked only with pastoralism, hunting, and the exploitation of marine resources. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/staa3030 | Galaxy cluster mass estimation with deep learning and hydrodynamical simulations | ABSTRACT
We evaluate the ability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict galaxy cluster masses in the BAHAMAS hydrodynamical simulations. We train four separate single-channel networks using: stellar mass, soft X-ray flux, bolometric X-ray flux, and the Compton y parameter as observational tracers, respectively. Our training set consists of ∼4800 synthetic cluster images generated from the simulation, while an additional ∼3200 images form a validation set and a test set, each with 1600 images. In order to mimic real observation, these images also contain uncorrelated structures located within 50 Mpc in front and behind clusters and seen in projection, as well as instrumental systematics including noise and smoothing. In addition to CNNs for all the four observables, we also train a ‘multichannel’ CNN by combining the four observational tracers. The learning curves of all the five CNNs converge within 1000 epochs. The resulting predictions are especially precise for halo masses in the range $10^{13. 25}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }\lt M\lt 10^{14. 5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, where all five networks produce mean mass biases of order ≈1 per cent with a scatter of ≲20 per cent. The network trained with Compton y parameter maps yields the most precise predictions. We interpret the network’s behaviour using two diagnostic tests to determine which features are used to predict cluster mass. The CNNs trained with stellar mass images detect galaxies (not surprisingly), while CNNs trained with gas-based tracers utilize the shape of the signal to estimate cluster mass. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
645545 | Musical identities, knowledge, and exchange in the archaic greek mediterranean (700-480 bce) | This project is the first extended analysis of musical regionalism and exchange in the Archaic Greek Mediterranean (700-480 BCE). It employs interdisciplinary methodologies and evidence (literary analysis, epigraphy, iconography, archaeology, organology, and music cognition ). This project is possible because I approach a key body of evidence, Archaic Greek figural pottery, with new methodologies. Critiqued through the lens of new materialism and object centred analyses, this pottery depicts a wealth of music iconography across a range of regional compositions and styles. Further, with appropriate methodological considerations, the trade distribution of this pottery can be used as a proxy for routes of musical exchange. Music was one of many invisible commodities in ancient Greece. This evidence will be enhanced by an in-depth analysis of surviving musical instruments, using methodologies such as adapted object biographies to look at instruments as evidence for the social lives of those who made, played, and listened to them, and the ways that individual instruments held different meanings in different regions. In this way, I build on and move away from the ‘archaeology of contexts’ developed by recent music archaeology, and develop a system for focusing on the materialism of musical objects. These corpora are supplemented by epigraphic and literary evidence to reconstruct the extent to which the musical regionalisms recorded by poets resemble those suggested by the material evidence, or if they function more as literary devices. This body of evidence will be used for an open visual database of material relating to ancient Greek music.
Dr. Hagel’s expertise in ancient music theory and instruments and his work in creating digital tools to assist with the study of ancient music, is of vital importance for this project. In turn, I would bring expertise in Archaic Greek society, art and material culture and new methodological perspectives. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1109/LPT.2016.2565607 | Ultra Sharp And Highly Tolerant Waveguide Bends For Inp Photonic Membrane Circuits | In this letter, we present a sharp bend design for the InP-based photonic membrane, which shows low loss and high tolerance. The traditional arc bends on InP membranes face high loss when the bending radii reduce below 2 $\mu \text{m}$ . In addition, their performance deteriorates even more dramatically at the presence of waveguide footings. The proposed design has the advantages of low loss, high compactness, wide spectral response, and ease of fabrication. It is also verified to be much more resilient to design and fabrication variations, such as waveguide footings. The sharp bend is fabricated together with traditional arc bends. Experimental results confirm its potential as a basic building block for InP photonic membrane platforms. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/c4lc00952e | An integrated microspectrometer for localised multiplexing measurements | A portable lensed microspectrometer capable of localized multiplexing fluorescence measurements from a single defined location was developed. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/3170427.3170603 | Reshaping Touch Communication An Interdisciplinary Research Agenda | This workshop aims to generate an interdisciplinary research agenda for digital touch communication that effectively integrates technological progress with robust investigations of the social nature and significance of digital touch. State-of-the-art touch-based technologies have the potential to supplement, extend or reconfigure how people communicate through reshaping existing touch practices and generating new capacities. Their possible impact on interpersonal intimacy, wellbeing, cultural norms, ways of knowing and power relations is far-reaching and under-researched. Few emerging devices and applications are embedded into everyday touch practices, limiting empirical exploration of the implications of digital touch technologies in everyday communication. There is, thus, a real need for methodological innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to critically examine digital touch communication across social contexts and technological domains, to better understand the social consequences of how touch is digitally remediated. This agenda-setting workshop will bring together HCI researchers and designers with colleagues from sociology, media & communications, arts & design to address key research challenges and build the foundations for future collaborations. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
EP 2022071355 W | INDICATION OF ADMISSIBLE COMMUNICATION TYPE | Method comprising: monitoring whether a network function receives an indication of a group type of a group, wherein, for the group type, a set of one or more admissible types of traffic routing admitted for a communication within the group is stored; checking whether the set of one or more admissible types of traffic routing stored for the group type comprises a first type of traffic routing if the network function receives the indication; inhibiting the network function to instruct a user plane function to apply the first type of traffic routing to a communication between a first member of the group and a second member of the group if the set of the one or more admissible types of traffic routing does not comprise the first type of traffic routing. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1186/2190-8567-1-8 | Statistics Of Spike Trains In Conductance Based Neural Networks Rigorous Results | We consider a conductance-based neural network inspired by the generalized Integrate and Fire model introduced by Rudolph and Destexhe in 1996. We show the existence and uniqueness of a unique Gibbs distribution characterizing spike train statistics. The corresponding Gibbs potential is explicitly computed. These results hold in the presence of a time-dependent stimulus and apply therefore to non-stationary dynamics. | [
"Mathematics",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
BR 112014017461 A | um alojamento de conector com um elemento de travamento de contato compreendendo um elemento de engatamento | resumo patente de invenção: "um alojamento de conector com um elemento de travamento de contato compreendendo um elemento de engatamento". a invenção refere-se a um alojamento de conector (1) com um corpo de alojamento (2) e pelo menos um elemento de travamento (3) para prender elementos de contato. a fim de ser capaz de engatar o elemento de travamento (3) na sua posição de fixação (p) com uma força constante, a invenção permite que pelo menos um elemento de engatamento (12) seja arranjado em um lado do elemento de travamento (3) que está voltado para longe de uma extremidade fixa (29) do elemento de travamento (3). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308778 | Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: Relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology | Objective: Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes differ from lean and healthy individuals in their abundance of certain gut microbial species and microbial gene richness. Abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium, has been inversely associated with body fat mass and glucose intolerance in mice, but more evidence is needed in humans. The impact of diet and weight loss on this bacterial species is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the association between faecal A. muciniphila abundance, faecal microbiome gene richness, diet, host characteristics, and their changes after calorie restriction (CR). Design: The intervention consisted of a 6-week CR period followed by a 6-week weight stabilisation diet in overweight and obese adults (N=49, including 41 women). Faecal A. muciniphila abundance, faecal microbial gene richness, diet and bioclinical parameters were measured at baseline and after CR and weight stabilisation. Results: At baseline A. muciniphila was inversely related to fasting glucose, waist-to-hip ratio and subcutaneous adipocyte diameter. Subjects with higher gene richness and A. muciniphila abundance exhibited the healthiest metabolic status, particularly in fasting plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides and body fat distribution. Individuals with higher baseline A. muciniphila displayed greater improvement in insulin sensitivity markers and other clinical parameters after CR. These participants also experienced a reduction in A. muciniphila abundance, but it remained significantly higher than in individuals with lower baseline abundance. A. muciniphila was associated with microbial species known to be related to health. Conclusions :A. muciniphila is associated with a healthier metabolic status and better clinical outcomes after CR in overweight/obese adults. The interaction between gut microbiota ecology and A. muciniphila warrants further investigation. Trial registration number NCT01314690. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/11/11/113043 | Plasmonic Candle Towards Efficient Nanofocusing With Channel Plasmon Polaritons | Channel plasmon polaritons (CPPs) propagating along the bottom of V-grooves cut into a metal were recently shown to exhibit strong confinement combined with low propagation loss, a feature that makes this guiding configuration very promising for the realization of ultracompact photonic components. Here, we present a comprehensive study of radiation nanofocusing with CCPs propagating along subwavelength metal grooves that are terminated with various types of tapers of different lengths. Tapered V-grooves are fabricated in a gold film using a focused ion beam milling technique, with the tapering being realized by gradually decreasing the groove width and/or depth (in different way for different structures), and characterized at telecom wavelengths with a collection scanning near-field optical microscope. Efficient CPP nanofocusing is directly demonstrated featuring a field intensity enhancement of up to ~130 for optimal taper configurations. Experimental observations are found to be concurrent with three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic simulations, predicting the possibility of reaching an intensity enhancement of ~1200 and opening thereby exciting perspectives for practical applications of CPP nanofocusing. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nature13896 | MTORC1-mediated translational elongation limits intestinal tumour initiation and growth | Inactivation of APC is a strongly predisposing event in the development of colorectal cancer, prompting the search for vulnerabilities specific to cells that have lost APC function. Signalling through the mTOR pathway is known to be required for epithelial cell proliferation and tumour growth, and the current paradigm suggests that a critical function of mTOR activity is to upregulate translational initiation through phosphorylation of 4EBP1 (refs 6, 7). This model predicts that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which does not efficiently inhibit 4EBP1 (ref. 8), would be ineffective in limiting cancer progression in APC-deficient lesions. Here we show in mice that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity is absolutely required for the proliferation of Apc-deficient (but not wild-type) enterocytes, revealing an unexpected opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Although APC-deficient cells show the expected increases in protein synthesis, our study reveals that it is translation elongation, and not initiation, which is the rate-limiting component. Mechanistically, mTORC1-mediated inhibition of eEF2 kinase is required for the proliferation of APC-deficient cells. Importantly, treatment of established APC-deficient adenomas with rapamycin (which can target eEF2 through the mTORC1-S6K-eEF2K axis) causes tumour cells to undergo growth arrest and differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of translation elongation using existing, clinically approved drugs, such as the rapalogs, would provide clear therapeutic benefit for patients at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/srep04966 | Mechanics of fragmentation of crocodile skin and other thin films | Fragmentation of thin layers of materials is mediated by a network of cracks on its surface. It is commonly seen in dehydrated paintings or asphalt pavements and even in graphene or other two-dimensional materials, but is also observed in the characteristic polygonal pattern on a crocodile's head. Here, we build a simple mechanical model of a thin film and investigate the generation and development of fragmentation patterns as the material is exposed to various modes of deformation. We find that the characteristic size of fragmentation, defined by the mean diameter of polygons, is strictly governed by mechanical properties of the film material. Our result demonstrates that skin fragmentation on the head of crocodiles is dominated by that it features a small ratio between the fracture energy and Young's modulus, and the patterns agree well with experimental observations. Understanding this mechanics-driven process could be applied to improve the lifetime and reliability of thin film coatings by mimicking crocodile skin. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
175797 | Contributing to identify causes of gender violence among teenagers | The frequency of gender violence today is extremely high; 35% of women worldwide experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence (World Health Organization, 2013). In 2009, Miguel Carcaño, adolescent, confesses to have raped and killed his ex-girlfriend, Marta del Castillo. After entering prison, a platform started in support of the self-confessed murderer, through which his admirers declared their desire to meet and to start a relationship with him. While many studies are being conducted to understand and ameliorate this situation, further research is needed to better identify the causes and consequences and to analyze in-depth methods that can advance research on this topic. The applicant has worked for the last fourteen years on the fact that some adolescents have been socialized into a type of relationships that link attraction and violence. FREE_Teen_Desire will draw from this background and learn from host expertise and methodological approaches in order to: 1) explore the extent to which dialogue situations (based on a language of desire) can question adolescent girls’ desires that link attractiveness to violent behaviours, 2) assess whether this dialogic questioning of girls’ desire, if any, is true beyond cultures, thus breaking down cultural and racist stereotypes associated to violence against women, and 3) develop the evidence-based approaches needed to increase effectiveness in the prevention of gender violence among adolescents. The research will have a mixed methods approach, involving a quasi-experimental study with 240 adolescent girls from four different countries and a qualitative analysis of some of their stories. The project will also innovate in dissemination and outreach activities in order to achieve political and social impact, in prevention campaigns and programmes against gender based violence. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4939-6750-6_7 | Haplotyping a non-meiotic diploid fungal pathogen using induced aneuploidies and SNP/CGH microarray analysis | The generation of haplotype information has recently become very attractive due to its utility for identifying mutations associated with human disease and for the development of personalized medicine. Haplotype information also is crucial for studying recombination mechanisms and genetic diversity, and for analyzing allele-specific gene expression. Classic haplotyping methods require the analysis of hundreds of meiotic progeny. To facilitate haplotyping in the non-meiotic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, we exploited trisomic heterozygous chromosomes generated via the UAU1 selection strategy. Using this system, we obtained phasing information from allelic biases, detected by SNP/CGH microarray analysis. This strategy has the potential to be applicable to other diploid, asexual Candida species that are important causes of human disease. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/stz1869 | Ambipolar diffusion and the molecular abundances in pre-stellar cores | ABSTRACT We investigate differences in the molecular abundances between magnetically super- and subcritical pre-stellar cores, performing three-dimensional non-ideal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations with varying densities and magnetic field strengths, and post-processing the results with a time-dependent gas–grain chemical code. Most molecular species show significantly more central depletion in subcritical models, due to the longer duration of collapse. However, the directly observable quantities – the molecule to hydrogen column density ratios – are generally too similar for observational data to discriminate between models. The profiles of N2H+ and HCO+ show qualitative differences between supercritical and subcritical models on scales of $0. 01 \, {\rm pc}$, which may allow the two cases to be distinguished. However, this requires knowledge of the hydrogen column density, which is not directly measureable, and predicted line intensity profiles from radiative transfer modelling are similar for these molecules. Other commonly observed species, such as HCN and CH3OH, have line intensity profiles that differ more strongly between models, and so are more promising as tracers of the mechanism of cloud collapse. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/s10853-012-6400-8 | Effect of aging on microstructural development in an Al-Mg-Si alloy processed by high-pressure torsion | Experiments were conducted to evaluate the microstructural evolution in a commercial Al-0. 6 % Mg-0. 4 %Si alloy processed using high-pressure torsion for up to 20 turns. Disks of the alloy were tested in two different conditions: in a solution-treated condition and after a short aging treatment at 523 K. The results show that HPT processing introduces significant grain refinement through HPT processing including a reduction in grain size from ∼150 lm to∼720 nm in 1 turn of HPT. The final grain size in this alloy was∼250 nm after 20 turns. Some tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the alloy at the solution treatment temperature. The results from these tests show that aging at 523 K leads to a small increase in ductility for all tensile samples with a maximum recorded elongation of ∼230 %. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W4220739029 | The archaeological results of Prehistoric societies obtained in the Archaeological Map of North Morocco Project | This paper presents the results of the “Archaeological Map in Northern Morocco” project, which has been carried out by researchers from the University of Cadiz, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi and INSAP of Rabat. Four seasons of archaeological survey have taken place in the Tetouan region as well as excavations in the Cave El Hafa and the rock-shelter of Marsa. This study includes geomorphological data and a petrographic study to pinpoint of the origins of raw material used by the different human groups that duelled in the area. Lastly, this paper presents settlement patterns of the studied groups, most importantly, this is an updated study of the relevant occupations that correspond to Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer societies, Neolithic tribal societies and also, of human settlements associated to Recent Prehistory stages. Cet article présente les résultats du projet “Carte archéologique du nord du Maroc”, qui a été réalisé par des chercheurs de l’Université de Cadix, de l’Université d’Abdelmalek Essaadi et de l’INSAP de Rabat. Au total, quatre campagnes de travail archéologique ont eu lieu dans la région de Tétouan ainsi que des fouilles dans la grotte El Hafa et l’abri de Marsa. Cette étude comprend des données géomorphologiques et une étude pétrographique pour identifier les origines de la matière première utilisée par les différents groupes humains qui ont occupé la région. Ce travail présente les modèles d’occupation des groupes étudiés, et surtout, il s’agit d’une mise à jour des données qui correspondent aux sociétés de chasseurs-cueilleurs paléolithiques, aux sociétés tribales néolithiques ainsi qu'aux installations humaines associées aux dernières étapes de la Préhistoire. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.4414/smw.2011.13287 | The parallel universe: microRNAs and their role in chronic hepatitis, liver tissue damage and hepatocarcinogenesis | In recent years, enormous progress has been made in identifying microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of gene expression and their association with or control of various liver diseases such as fibrosis, hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Indeed, many genes encoding miRNAs as well as their targets have been described and their direct or indirect link to the respective liver diseases has been investigated in various experimental systems as well as in human tissue. Here we discuss current knowledge of miRNAs and their involvement in liver diseases, elaborating in particular on the contribution of miRNAs to hepatitis, fibrosis and HCC formation. We also debate possible prognostic, predictive and therapeutic values of respective miRNAs in liver diseases. The discovery of liver disease related miRNAs has constituted a major breakthrough in liver research and will most likely be of high relevance for future therapeutic strategies, especially when dealing with hepatitis, fibrosis and HCC. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2149087057 | A Stochastic Frontier Approach to Model Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis | A study was conducted in the year 2008-2009 to estimate the farm-size-specific productivity and technical efficiency of all rice crops. Farm-size- specific technical efficiency scores were estimated using stochastic production frontiers. There were wide of variations of productivity among farms, where large farms exhibited the highest productivity. Gross return was the highest for small farms and net return was the highest for marginal farms. The lowest net return or the highest cost of production was accrued from both the highest wage rate and highest amount of labour used in medium farms. The marginal farms experienced the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR) followed by small and medium farms. Average technical efficiency for large, medium, small, marginal and all farms were respectively 0.88, 0.92, 0.94, 0.75 and 0.88. There were significant technical inefficiency effects in the production of rice for marginal farms only. In this case, production cannot be increased by increasing efficiency with the existing technology except in marginal farms. The application of efficient management system would be able to increase production in the marginal farms. For other farms, increased managerial capacity is not enough for increased production, rather new investment and advanced technology are needed to increase production in these farms. On an average, farmers could increase 12 percent output with existing inputs and production technology. Fertiliser, manure, irrigation cost, insecticide cost, area under production and experience were important factors to increase production. In the technical inefficiency effect, age, education and family size had positive impact on efficiency effect, whereas land under household had negative impact on efficiency effect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13132 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 9-19 | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W575724888 | Peripheral Nerve Interfaces | Abstract The electrode for the neural interface is located where the independent systems of engineering and biology interact electrically for communication. It is a bidirectional channel through which information flows into and out of the nervous system. This chapter is divided into three main sections. The first highlights fundamental neural science principles that guide the design, development, and selection of electrodes for the neural interface. The second section presents the basic design principles to consider in developing a neural interface. The third section presents an overview and discussion of examples of electrode technologies and their demonstrated uses. The design of any interface must consider application-specific idiosyncrasies. Furthermore, the presentation in this chapter focuses on the design of chronically implantable electrodes but does not discuss electrodes used for in vitro studies. The examples in this chapter illustrate the key design principles to be considered when developing an electrode for the neural interface. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
Q4426150 | Internationalisierung von TRL TRADER LINE Sp. z o.o. Produkten auf ausländischen Märkten | Das Projekt umfasst umfassende, individuelle, profilierte Aktivitäten im Rahmen von TRL TRADER LINE Sp. z o.o. im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung und Vorbereitung der Umsetzung eines neuen Geschäftsmodells zur Internationalisierung der Aktivitäten des Antragstellers. Die Vorbereitung des neuen Geschäftsmodells des Unternehmens wurde bei Tomas Consulting S.A. in Auftrag gegeben. Analyse der Exportmöglichkeiten der Klägerin – Angabe der Zielmärkte mit Begründung ihrer Wahl, Analyse der Absatzmöglichkeiten, Ermittlung potenzieller Kunden -Analyse des bestehenden Geschäftsmodells mit Änderungsvorschlag -Auswahl der wirksamsten Marketing- und Werbeinstrumente und -methoden – Empfehlungen im Bereich der Umstrukturierung des Unternehmens und Vorbereitung auf den Export – Entwicklung eines umfassenden Konzepts des Eintritts in ausgewählte ausländische Märkte. Die Umsetzung des Service – Entwicklung des Geschäftsmodells fand im Mai 2021 statt. TRL TRADER LINE Sp. z o.o. ist auf die Herstellung und den Vertrieb von hochwertigen Lageranlagen spezialisiert. Zwei Produktgruppen werden sich mit dem Internationalisierungsprozess befassen: Spacewall- und Block-Line-Systeme. Der Markt für die Expansion des ausländischen Unternehmens ist die Slowakei. Die für das Projekt geplanten Hauptaufgaben: 1. Entwicklung eines neuen Geschäftsmodells. 2. Gestaltung der Website 3. Vorbereitung von Vertriebskanälen im Hinblick auf den formalen und legalen Zugang zu einem neuen Markt (Vorbereitung der Website aus rechtlicher Sicht) 4. Übersetzung von 5. Kauf einer Datenbank von Gesellschaften – potentielle Kunden 6. Projekt der Werbe- und Werbekampagne im Internet 7. Produktion von Werbematerialien 8. Gestaltung von visuellen Identifikations- und Werbematerialien 9. Mobile App Design | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.tcb.2012.01.002 | Active DNA demethylation by Gadd45 and DNA repair | How DNA methylation patterns are established, maintained and remodeled is incompletely understood, however, it has become clear that DNA methylation is reversible and dynamic as a result of enzymatic DNA demethylation. Several different mechanisms that may account for demethylation have recently been put forward and all seem to involve DNA repair. Here, we review DNA demethylation mediated by multifunctional growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (Gadd45) protein family members which mediate DNA demethylation during cell differentiation and stress response. Gadd45 recruits nucleotide and/or base excision repair factors to gene-specific loci and acts as an adapter between repair factors and chromatin, thereby creating a nexus between epigenetics and DNA repair. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
221523 | The cryptic path of tumor-microenvironment interactions in prostate cancer | In the developed countries, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated death in men, with a predicted rate of 10.9/100.000 men in Europe in 2016. Mortality results when prostate cancer has spread to other organs (metastasis, particularly to the bone). Prostate cancer prognosis and follow-up is mainly performed with routine blood test (prostate specific antigen levels). However, the low/high risk of metastasis for individual patients cannot always be accurately assessed due to tumor heterogeneity and differential rate of tumor progression. Thus, a more thorough understanding of the metastatic processes is needed.
Complex molecular interactions and cellular processes between the cancer (stem) cells and the surrounding tissue microenvironment (supportive stroma) are required for tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer cells hijack the normal microenvironment to orchestrate metastatic events and acquisition of resistance to drug treatments. To increase our understanding of the metastatic mechanisms we sought to identify and modulate the molecular properties of aggressive tumor cells and the reciprocal supportive stroma in unique xenograft models and eventually assess the prognostic value of the identified parameters.
We propose to investigate the following objectives:
1) identify the molecular signature of tumor and supportive stroma in metastatic patient-derived xenografts
2) elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the tumor- supportive stroma
3) determine their prognostic value in clinical blood samples as predictors of disease progression and metastasis risk.
Understanding the mechanisms of prostate cancer (re)initiation will provide the foundation for proper prognostic tool development for the identification of high risk patient groups. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.015 | Neural correlates of biased social fear learning and interaction in an intergroup context | Associations linking a fearful experience to a member of a social group other than one's own (out-group) are more resistant to change than corresponding associations to a member of one's own (in-group) (Olsson et al. , 2005; Kubota et al. , 2012), providing a possible link to discriminative behavior. Using a fear conditioning paradigm, we investigated the neural activity underlying aversive learning biases towards in-group (White) and out-group (Black) members, and their predictive value for discriminatory interactive behavior towards novel virtual members of the racial out-group (n = 20). Our results indicate that activity in brain regions previously linked to conditioned fear and perception of individuals belonging to the racial out-groups, or otherwise stigmatized groups, jointly contribute to the expression of race-based biases in learning and behavior. In particular, we found that the amygdala and anterior insula (AI) played key roles in differentiating between in-group and out-group faces both when the faces were paired with an aversive event (acquisition) and when no more shocks were administered (extinction). In addition, functional connectivity between the amygdala and the fusiform gyrus increased during perception of conditioned out-group faces. Moreover, we showed that brain activity in the fear-learning-bias network was related to participants' discriminatory interactions with novel out-group members on a later day. Our findings are the first to identify the neural mechanism of fear learning biases towards out-group members, and its relationship to interactive behavior. Our findings provide important clues towards understanding the mechanisms underlying biases between social groups. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1080/01402382.2014.993152 | Economic Crisis And Levels Of Political Participation In Europe 2002 2010 The Role Of Resources And Grievances | This article examines the effect of the recent economic crisis on political participation levels in Europe. As the civic voluntarism model and grievances theory predict different effects of economic downturn on political participation, the crisis provides a unique context to evaluate the explanatory power of these two theories. It is found that, when investigating a period of eight years (2002–2010), economic growth is positively associated with non-institutionalised political participation, which is in line with the civic voluntarism model. However, when focusing on the changes in political participation that occurred between 2008 and 2010 it is found that rising unemployment is associated with rising levels of non-institutionalised political participation, suggesting that grievance theory is especially useful in exceptionally negative conditions as suddenly imposed grievances can lead to various forms of protest behaviour. The article argues that these shock experiences can lead to momentary peak period. . . | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1090/S0002-9947-2014-06348-4 | Some Remarks On The Entropy For Algebraic Actions Of Amenable Groups | In this short note we study the entropy for algebraic actions of certain amenable groups. The possible values for this entropy are studied. Various fundamental results about certain classes of amenable groups are reproved using elementary arguments and the entropy invariant. We provide a natural decomposition of the entropy into summands contributed by individual primes and a summand corresponding to ∞. These results extend previous work by Lind and Ward on p-adic entropy. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1908555018 | Tools for Equitable Urban Intensification | Drawing on the neoliberal and equity planning literature as well as Tiesell and Allmendinger's (2005) four categories of planning tools, this paper seeks to recast the instrumentality of planning tools by examining what opportunities exist to foster more transparent and inclusive management of the urban change process, both from theoretical and practical perspectives. Focusing specifically on urban intensification of existing larger cities, the paper introduces the tensions embodied in delivering planning outcomes equitably in a neo-liberal planning context, and the unique role that planning 'tools' can serve in ameliorating these challenges. The paper will serve to position the author contributions in this special issue, which follow on from a Symposium held in Sydney in April 2013, which showcased urban intensification planning tools and strategies. In this introductory article, the authors argue for a need to critically reflect on how planning 'tools' catalyse urban intensification and the challenges associated with striving for socially equitable planning outcomes, in a neo-liberal reality, when relying on these tools. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1080/02331934.2018.1426584 | Local Linear Convergence Analysis Of Primal Dual Splitting Methods | In this paper, we study the local linear convergence properties of a versatile class of Primal-Dual splitting methods for minimizing composite non-smooth convex optimization problems. Under the assumption that the non-smooth components of the problem are partly smooth relative to smooth manifolds, we present a unified local convergence analysis framework for these methods. More precisely, in our framework we first show that (i) the sequences generated by Primal-Dual splitting methods identify a pair of primal and dual smooth manifolds in a finite number of iterations, and then (ii) enter a local linear convergence regime, which is characterized based on the structure of the underlying active smooth manifolds. We also show how our results for Primal-Dual splitting can be specialized to cover existing ones on Forward-Backward splitting and Douglas-Rachford splitting/ADMM (al-ternating direction methods of multipliers). Moreover, based on these obtained local convergence analysis result, several practical acceleration techniques are discussed. To exemplify the usefulness of the obtained result, we consider several concrete numerical experiments arising from fields including signal/image processing, inverse problems and machine learning, etc. The demonstration not only verifies the local linear convergence behaviour of Primal-Dual splitting methods, but also the insights on how to accelerate them in practice. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4286378841 | Exploring the Nature of Dynamic Capabilities and Enabling Environments for Service Innovation in the Global South: The Case of Digital Agro-advisory Services in Burkina Faso | Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour De | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevFluids.4.073301 | Oscillations of small bubbles and medium yielding in elastoviscoplastic fluids | We investigate the radial oscillations of small gas bubbles trapped in yield-stress fluids and driven by an acoustic pressure field. We model the rheological behavior of the yield-stress fluid using the recently developed elastoviscoplastic constitutive equation that takes into account the elastic and viscoplastic deformations of the material [Saramito, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. 158, 154 (2009)JNFMDI0377-025710. 1016/j. jnnfm. 2008. 12. 001]. Assuming that the bubble remains spherical during the pressure driving, we reduce the problem to a set of ordinary differential equations and an integrodifferential equation, which we solve numerically for the case of two yield-stress fluids, i. e. , a soft Carbopol gel and a stiffer kaolin suspension. We find that depending on the amplitude and frequency of the pressure field, the radial oscillations of the bubble produce elastic stresses that may or may not suffice to yield the surrounding material. We evaluate the critical amplitude of the acoustic pressure required to achieve yielding and we find a good agreement between numerical simulations and an analytical formula derived under the assumption of linear deformations. Finally, we examine the bubble oscillation amplitude for a very wide range of applied pressures both below and above the critical value to assess the impact of yielding on the bubble dynamics. This analysis could be used to identify a signature of yielding in experiments where the radial dynamics of a bubble is measured. More generally, these results can be used to rationalize the optimal conditions for pressure-induced bubble release from yield-stress fluids, which is relevant to various biomedical and industrial applications, including the oil industry and food processing. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.sbi.2013.07.006 | Peptide docking and structure-based characterization of peptide binding: From knowledge to know-how | Peptide-mediated interactions are gaining increased attention due to their predominant roles in the many regulatory processes that involve dynamic interactions between proteins. The structures of such interactions provide an excellent starting point for their characterization and manipulation, and can provide leads for targeted inhibitor design. The relatively few experimentally determined structures of peptide-protein complexes can be complemented with an outburst of modeling approaches that have been introduced in recent years, with increasing accuracy and applicability to ever more systems. We review different methods to address the considerable challenges in modeling the binding of a short yet highly flexible peptide to its partner. These methods apply an array of sampling strategies and draw from a recent amassing of knowledge about the biophysical nature of peptide-protein interactions. We elaborate on applications of these structure-based approaches and in particular on the characterization of peptide binding specificity to different peptide-binding domains and enzymes. Such applications can identify new biological targets and thus complement our current view of protein-protein interactions in living organisms. Accurate peptide-protein docking is of particular importance in the light of increased appreciation of the crucial functional roles of disordered regions and the many linear binding motifs embedded within. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.93.155162 | Double occupancy in dynamical mean-field theory and the dual boson approach | We discuss the calculation of the double occupancy using dynamical mean-field theory in finite dimensions. The double occupancy can be determined from the susceptibility of the auxiliary impurity model or from the lattice susceptibility. The former method typically overestimates, whereas the latter underestimates the double occupancy. We illustrate this for the square-lattice Hubbard model. We propose an approach for which both methods lead to identical results by construction and which resolves this ambiguity. This self-consistent dual boson scheme results in a double occupancy that is numerically close to benchmarks available in the literature. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2125069067 | Shear Strength of Hybrid Beams Combining Precast Concrete and Cast-In-Place Concrete | Currently in precast concrete construction, precast concrete and cast-in-place concrete with different concrete strengths are used. However, current design codes do not provide shear design methods for PC-CIP hybrid members using dual concrete strengths. In the present study, the shear strengths of beams using dual concrete compressive strengths (24 MPa, 60 MPa) were tested. The test variables were the area ratio of the two concretes, longitudinal bar ratio, and shear span-to-depth ratio. The shear strengths of test specimens were evaluated by current design methods, using an effective concrete strength (considering the area ratio of the two concrete strengths). The test result showed that when 60 MPa concrete was used in the compressive zone and the longitudinal bar ratio was low, the shear strengths of the test specimens were less than the predictions. On the basis of the results, design recommendations were provided for the shear design of the PC-CIP hybrid beams. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1974311600 | Abstract 3867: Novel mouse models to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic osteosarcoma. | Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the primary bone tumor in the pediatric population with the main determinant for patient prognosis being the presence of metastatic disease. Approximately 25-30% of patients will present with metastatic osteosarcoma. Patients with metastatic disease have long-term survival rates often Objectives: We hypothesize that the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic osteosarcoma is different from localized disease. We intend this work to provide a relevant, endogenous model of metastatic OS that can be utilized to advance our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, insights into novel therapeutic targets and as a pre-clinical model for investigating the efficacy of novel therapies. Design: We have developed a tissue-specific alteration of the p53 status by using osteoblast specific Cre-recombinase expressing mice to generate progeny that spontaneously form endogenous osteosarcomas. Through the use of a mutated, gain of function form of p53, shown previously to be associated with metastatic disease, we have developed a novel immunocompetent model that significantly enhances the endogenous development of metastatic OS. Results: Tumor analysis has revealed genetic insights in the metastatic progression of osteosarcoma. These include the significant downregulation of Wnt-signaling inhibitors, such as NKD2, APCDD1 and Wnt5a in the metastatic tumors. Functional studies have determined that overexpression of NKD2, also downregulated in several human OS metastatic cell lines, in metastatic mouse OS cell lines leads to a significant decrease in metastatic lung lesions upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Possible NKD2-dependent functions include regulation of not only the Wnt signaling pathway, but also blood vessel formation, regulation of cell migration and cell adhesion. We have also noted the dysregulation of several critical microRNAs in metastatic OS, including the upregulation of mir-130b in the metastatic lesions. This particular microRNA has recently been shown to have clinical correlation in Ewing9s sarcoma, with higher levels of tumor mir-130b having a significantly poorer outcome. We are actively pursuing the role of this (and other) microRNA(s) in the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic osteosarcoma. Conclusion: This novel model has enabled valuable molecular insights into the development and progression of metastatic OS that can lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Shuying Zhao, Lyazat Kurenbekova, Lawrence A. Donehower, Jason T. Yustein. Novel mouse models to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A85. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1109/CDC.2017.8263835 | A Randomized Distributed Ellipsoid Algorithm For Uncertain Feasibility Problems | In this paper, we consider a network of processors aiming at cooperatively solving a convex feasibility problem in which the constraint set is the intersection of local uncertain sets, each one known only by one processor. We propose a randomized, distributed method — using concepts borrowed from a centralized ellipsoid algorithm — having finite-time convergence and working under asynchronous, time-varying and directed communication topologies. At every communication round, each processor maintains a “candidate” ellipsoid for the global problem and performs two tasks. First, it verifies— in a probabilistic sense — if the center of the candidate ellipsoid is robustly feasible for its local set and, if not, constructs a new ellipsoid with smaller volume. Second, it exchanges its ellipsoid with neighbors, and then selects the one with smallest volume among the collected ones. We show that in a finite number of communication rounds, the processors reach consensus on a common ellipsoid whose center is — with high confidence— feasible for the entire set of uncertainty except a subset having an arbitrary small probability measure. We corroborate the theoretical results with numerical computations in which the algorithm is tested on a multi-core platform of processors communicating asynchronously. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1492916309 | Trends in the First Three Classroom Teachers in City of Irbid towards the Integration of Disabled Students with its Various Dimensions | This study aimed to identify the trends of the first three classroom teachers towards the integration of disabled students with normal students at the first three classrooms in the city of Irbid in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, a questionnaire was distributed to achieve this purpose through measuring the attitudes of teachers towards integrating disabled students with their normal colleagues, where the questionnaire has included three dimensions (psychological , social and academic) and the study sample consisted of 193 teachers who teach the first three classrooms in the city of Irbid. The study concluded by using means, percentages, standard deviations and level of significance that there is a presence of positive attitudes among the teachers towards integration, although there are differences in directions on the dimensions included in the questionnaire, however, these differences were not statistical significant. It was recommended by this study a need for conducting further studies to specify the parents of disabled trends toward the integration. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
615588 | Peopling Europe: How data make a people | Who are the people of Europe? This question is facing statisticians as they grapple with standardising national census methods so that their numbers can be assembled into a European population. Yet, by so doing—intentionally or otherwise—they also contribute to the making of a European people. This, at least, is the central thesis of ARITHMUS. While typically framed as a methodological or statistical problem, the project approaches this as a practical and political problem of assembling multiple national populations into a European population and people.
Why is this both an urgent political and practical problem? Politically, Europe is said to be unable to address itself to a constituted polity and people, which is crucial to European integration. Practically, its efforts to constitute a European population are also being challenged by digital technologies, which are being used to diversify census methods and bringing into question the comparability of national population data. Consequently, over the next several years Eurostat and national statistical institutes are negotiating regulations for the 2020 census round towards ensuring 'Europe-wide comparability.'
ARITHMUS will follow this process and investigate the practices of statisticians as they juggle scientific independence, national autonomy and EU comparability to innovate census methods. It will then connect this practical work to political questions of the making and governing of a European people and polity. It will do so by going beyond state-of-the art scholarship on methods, politics and science and technology studies. Five case studies involving discourse analysis and ethnographic methods will investigate the situated practices of EU and national statisticians as they remake census methods, arguably the most fundamental changes since modern censuses were launched over two centuries ago. At the same time it will attend to how these practices affect the constitution of who are the people of Europe. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.008 | Macrophage Metabolism Controls Tumor Blood Vessel Morphogenesis and Metastasis | Hypoxic tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) acquire angiogenic and immunosuppressive properties. Yet it remains unknown if metabolic changes influence these functions. Here, we argue that hypoxic TAMs strongly upregulate the expression of REDD1, a negative regulator of mTOR. REDD1-mediated mTOR inhibition hinders glycolysis in TAMs and curtails their excessive angiogenic response, with consequent formation of abnormal blood vessels. Accordingly, REDD1 deficiency in TAMs leads to the formation of smoothly aligned, pericyte-covered, functional vessels, which prevents vessel leakiness, hypoxia, and metastases. Mechanistically, highly glycolytic REDD1-deficient TAMs outcompete endothelial cells for glucose usage that thwarts vascular hyperactivation and promotes the formation of quiescent vascular junctions. Tuning down glycolysis in REDD1 knockout TAMs re-establishes abnormal angiogenesis and metastases. On this basis, we prove that the anti-tumor effect of mTOR inhibitors is partly countered by the deleterious outcome of these drugs on TAMs. Our data provide a functional link between TAM metabolism and tumor angiogenesis. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2187603110 | Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone area: disease management at the wildlife- livestock interface | Elk (Cervus elaphus) and bison (Bison bison) of the Greater Yellowstone area are the last known reservoir of bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in the United States. Domestic cattle occasionally contract the disease while grazing in areas where infected wild ungulates have aborted their fetuses or have given birth. Cases of brucellosis in cattle trigger costly quarantine, testing, and culling procedures. Government agencies and stakeholders, therefore, allocate valuable resources to prevent wildlife-to-cattle transmission. Scientifi c uncertainty about the biology, epidemiology, and economics of brucellosis makes it diffi cult to determine the length to which society should go to control it or the combination of management activities they should use to achieve the desired level of control. Research over the last decade has generated new information about brucellosis and alternative approaches for management. Stakeholders and decision makers must synthesize this growing body of information and re-assess current brucellosis goals and management strategies. Economic principles provide an objective framework in which to do this. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2145583060 | Introduction: Outward foreign direct investment from emerging economies and national development strategies: three regimes | Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an integral part of national development strategy throughout the developing world. However, while traditionally strategies have focused on the role of inward flows only, today, outward FDI is used on a larger scale and more deliberately to access markets and resources abroad. This Introduction proposes a broad framework for the analysis of OFDI from emerging economies. It provides a picture of how the role of FDI in development has changed over time and outlines the theoretical and institutional context in which the current wave of OFDI takes place. Theories of development and FDI, the role of government, and the trade policy environment have interacted to form three distinct development paradigms with different roles for FDI. For convenience, we will refer to these as the import substituting, the export-oriented and the FDI-led development regimes. Where local companies previously engaged mostly by way of trade-based measures, FDI is now becoming more integrated into corporate competitive strategies and national development policies. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
EP 2011066325 W | PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR ENGRAVING A FLEXIBLE STRIP, WITH PIVOTING OF THE WORKING HEAD ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF A CYLINDER | A process and an apparatus (1) for engraving a flexible strip (4) are disclosed, comprising an advancing device for moving the strip (4) in a longitudinal direction of the strip (4), comprising a guiding device for guiding the strip (4) in a circumferential direction (10) of a cylinder (2) over a surface segment of the cylinder (2) as a supporting surface (3), comprising a working head (5), directed at the supporting surface (3), for engraving the strip (4) by means of at least one tool (6) directed at the supporting surface (3), and comprising a driving device for moving the working head (5). In order to engrave a continuous curve with a single working head (5), it is proposed that the working head (5) is pivotable about a longitudinal axis (15) of the cylinder (2) by means of the drive device. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.028 | Building Bridges through Science | Science is ideally suited to connect people from different cultures and thereby foster mutual understanding. To promote international life science collaboration, we have launched “The Science Bridge” initiative. Our current project focuses on partnership between Western and Middle Eastern neuroscience communities. Science is ideally suited to connect people from different cultures and thereby foster mutual understanding. To promote international life science collaboration, Lissek et al. have launched “The Science Bridge” initiative. Theirs current project focuses on partnership between Western and Middle Eastern neuroscience communities. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2018.0261 | Urban versus forest ecotypes are not explained by divergent reproductive selection | Increasing urbanization offers a unique opportunity to study adaptive responses to rapid environmental change. Numerous studies have demonstrated phenotypic divergence between urban and rural organisms. However, comparing the direction and magnitude of natural selection between these environments has rarely been attempted. Using seven years of monitoring of great tits (Parus major) breeding in nest-boxes across the city of Montpellier and in a nearby oak forest, we find phenotypic divergence in four morphological and two life-history traits between urban and forest birds. We then measure reproductive selection on these traits, and compare selection between the habitats. Urban birds had significantly smaller morphological features than their rural counterparts, with a shorter tarsus, lower body mass, and smaller wing and tail lengths relative to their overall body size. While urban female tarsus length was under stabilizing selection, and forest males show positive selection for tarsus length and negative selection for body mass, selection gradients were significantly divergent between habitats only for body mass. Urban great tits also had earlier laying dates and smaller clutches. Surprisingly, we found selection for earlier laying date in the forest but not in the city. Conversely, we detected no linear selection on clutch size in the forest, but positive selection on clutch size in the urban habitat. Overall, these results do not support the hypothesis that contemporary reproductive selection explains differences in morphology and life history between urban- and forest-breeding great tits. We discuss how further experimental approaches will help confirm whether the observed divergence is maladaptive while identifying the environmental drivers behind it. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1681/ASN.2016090960 | Endothelial Epas1 Deficiency Is Sufficient To Promote Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation And Fsgs In Experimental Hypertension | FSGS, the most common primary glomerular disorder causing ESRD, is a complex disease that is only partially understood. Progressive sclerosis is a hallmark of FSGS, and genetic tracing studies have shown that parietal epithelial cells participate in the formation of sclerotic lesions. The loss of podocytes triggers a focal activation of parietal epithelial cells, which subsequently form cellular adhesions with the capillary tuft. However, in the absence of intrinsic podocyte alterations, the origin of the pathogenic signal that triggers parietal epithelial cell recruitment remains elusive. In this study, investigation of the role of the endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1), a regulatory α subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor complex, during angiotensin II-induced hypertensive nephropathy provided novel insights into FSGS pathogenesis in the absence of a primary podocyte abnormality. We infused angiotensin II into endothelial-selective Epas1 knockout mice and their littermate controls. Although the groups presented with identical high BP, endothelial-specific Epas1 gene deletion accentuated albuminuria with severe podocyte lesions and recruitment of pathogenic parietal glomerular epithelial cells. These lesions and dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier were associated with FSGS in endothelial Epas1-deficient mice only. These results indicate that endothelial EPAS1 has a global protective role during glomerular hypertensive injuries without influencing the hypertensive effect of angiotensin II. Furthermore, these findings provide proof of principle that endothelial-derived signaling can trigger FSGS and illustrate the potential importance of the EPAS1 endothelial transcription factor in secondary FSGS. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1063/1.4916307 | Perspective Insight Into Reaction Coordinates And Dynamics From The Potential Energy Landscape | This perspective focuses on conceptual and computational aspects of the potential energy landscape framework. It has two objectives: first to summarise some key developments of the approach and second to illustrate how such techniques can be applied using a specific example that exploits knowledge of pathways. Recent developments in theory and simulation within the landscape framework are first outlined, including methods for structure prediction, analysis of global thermodynamic properties, and treatment of rare event dynamics. We then develop a connection between the kinetic transition network treatment of dynamics and a potential of mean force defined by a reaction coordinate. The effect of projection from the full configuration space to low dimensionality is illustrated for an atomic cluster. In this example, where a relatively successful structural order parameter is available, the principal change in cluster morphology is reproduced, but some details are not faithfully represented. In contrast, a profile based on configurations that correspond to the discrete path defined geometrically retains all the barriers and minima. This comparison provides insight into the physical origins of “friction” effects in low-dimensionality descriptions of dynamics based upon a reaction coordinate. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1186/1471-2148-14-116 | The Role Of Hermaphrodites In The Experimental Evolution Of Increased Outcrossing Rates In Caenorhabditis Elegans | Why most organisms reproduce via outcrossing rather than selfing is a central question in evolutionary biology. It has long ago been suggested that outcrossing is favoured when it facilitates adaptation to novel environments. We have previously shown that the experimental evolution of increased outcrossing rates in populations of the male-hermaphrodite nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were correlated with the experimental evolution of increased male fitness. However, it is unknown whether outcrossing led to adaptation, and if so, which fitness components can explain the observed increase in outcrossing rates. Using experimental evolution in six populations with initially low standing levels of genetic diversity, we show with head-to-head competition assays that population-wide fitness improved during 100 generations. Since outcrossing rates increased during the same period, this result demonstrates that outcrossing is adaptive. We also show that there was little evolution of hermaphrodite fitness under conditions of selfing or under conditions of outcrossing with unrelated tester males. We nonetheless find a positive genetic correlation between hermaphrodite self-fitness and population-wide fitness, and a negative genetic correlation between hermaphrodite mating success and population-wide fitness. These results suggest that the several hermaphrodite traits measured are fitness components. Tradeoffs expressed in hermaphrodites, particularly noticed between self-fitness and mating success, may in turn explain their lack of change during experimental evolution. Our findings indicate that outcrossing facilitates adaptation to novel environments. They further indicate that the experimental evolution of increased outcrossing rates depended little on hermaphrodites because of fitness tradeoffs between selfing and outcrossing. Instead, the evolution of increased outcrossing rates appears to have resulted from unhindered selection on males. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
279954 | Exploring Dark Energy through Cosmic Structures: Observational Consequences of Dark Energy Clustering | Understanding the nature of Dark Energy (DE) in the Universe is the central challenge of modern cosmology. Einstein’s Cosmological Constant (Λ) provides the simplest explanation fitting the available cosmological data thus far. However, its unnaturally tuned value indicates that other hypothesis must be explored. Furthermore, current observations do not by any means rule out alternative models in favor of the simplest “concordance” ΛCDM. In the absence of theoretical prejudice, observational tests have mainly focused on the DE equation of state. However, the detection of the inhomogeneous nature of DE will provide smoking-gun evidence that DE is dynamical, ruling out Λ. This key aspect has been mostly overlooked so far, particularly in the optimization design of the next generation of surveys dedicated to DE searches which will map the distribution of matter in the Universe with unprecedented accuracy. The success of these observations relies upon the ability to model the non-linear gravitational processes which affect the collapse of Dark Matter (DM) at small and intermediate scales. Therefore, it is of the highest importance to investigate the role of DE inhomogeneities throughout the non-linear evolution of cosmic structure formation. To achieve this, we will use specifically designed high-resolution numerical simulations and analytical methods to study the non-linear regime in different DE models. The hypothesis to be tested is whether the intrinsic clustering of DE can alter the predictions of the standard ΛCDM model. We will investigate the observational consequences on the DM density field and the properties of DM halos. The results will have a profound impact in the quest for DE and reveal new observable imprints on the distribution of cosmic structures, whose detection may disclose the ultimate origin of the DE phenomenon. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1093/treephys/tpy002 | Liana and tree below-ground water competition-evidence for water resource partitioning during the dry season | To date, reasons for the increase in liana abundance and biomass in the Neotropics are still unclear. One proposed hypothesis suggests that lianas, in comparison with trees, are more adaptable to drought conditions. Moreover, previous studies have assumed that lianas have a deeper root system, which provides access to deeper soil layers, thereby making them less susceptible to drought stress. The dual stable water isotope approach (δ18O and δ2H) enables below-ground vegetation competition for water to be studied. Based on the occurrence of a natural gradient in soil water isotopic signatures, with enriched signatures in shallow soil relative to deep soil, the origin of vegetation water sources can be derived. Our study was performed on canopy trees and lianas reaching canopy level in tropical forests of French Guiana. Our results show liana xylem water isotopic signatures to be enriched in heavy isotopes in comparison with those from trees, indicating differences in water source depths and a more superficial root activity for lianas during the dry season. This enables them to efficiently capture dry season precipitation. Our study does not support the liana deep root water extraction hypothesis. Additionally, we provide new insights into water competition between tropical canopy lianas and trees. Results suggest that this competition is mitigated during the dry season due to water resource partitioning. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W1922716080 | Method and parallelization algorithms of synthesis of empirical models taking into account the measurement errors | In this paper, the task - to investigate the effect of measurement errors on the accuracy of building empirical models. Assumed that measurement error as input and output variables are additive independent and normally distributed. Based on the assumptions made, formed a criterion approximation, which depends not only on the parameters of empirical model, but also from measurement errors. Minimizing the resulting approximation criterion allowed to obtain a system of algebraic equations, whose solutions are the unknown parameters of the model and measurement errors allowable values of process parameters. Solution of the problem is possible only in the case where the known structure of empirical models. In most cases, the researcher has no such information. For optimal synthesis model for the structure of genetic algorithm that selects the optimal model on the set of experimental data, which are called the set checkout. The method and an algorithm has been tested on experimental data, which is obtained in the operation of gas compressor units. The results allow to state that under the existing mass measurements of process parameters of gas pumping units of measurement errors significantly affect the accuracy of building empirical models. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
101001613 | Post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms underlying B cell selection by T cells in germinal centers | Enduring protection from pathogens and robust responses to vaccination depend on the generation of high-affinity antibodies through the germinal center (GC) reaction. In GCs, T helper cells promote the extensive proliferation of high-affinity B cell clones and their differentiation into plasma cells through cellular interactions that modulate gene expression. Here, we aim to unravel multiple post-gene expression mechanisms, including mRNA and protein stability regulation, that jointly control the outcome of T-B interactions in GCs. Since it is technically challenging to examine gene transcription and cellular contacts simultaneously, a method that links these two processes and measures transcription in-situ is required. To understand how T cell help controls gene expression dynamics and persistence of mRNA transcripts in GC B cells, we will use LN-smFISH, a new method we recently developed that combines imaging of individual cells and single mRNA transcripts within lymph nodes. Through in-vivo manipulation of B cells and co-visualization of single cells and mRNAs, we will define the dynamics of gene expression during T-B contacts and plasma cell generation in GCs (Aim1). Using our specialized in-vivo models, we will examine how modulation of mRNA stability and translation by transcript methylation controls B cell clonal expansion and define which genes are regulated by this machinery (Aim2). Finally, we will examine how the degradation of known and novel key proteins control gene networks and B cell fate in GCs (Aim3). Together, we envision the establishment of a unifying model for how sequential layers of regulation orchestrate the translation of T-B interactions to fate decisions. The findings may lead to improved vaccine strategies and expose new checkpoints for manipulation in autoimmune diseases and GC-derived lymphoma. On a broader scale, we expect to define new concepts about the role of mRNA and protein stability machineries under physiological conditions. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2965579724 | Geologic Fracture Mechanics | This lively introduction to geologic fracture mechanics provides a consistent treatment of all common geologic structural discontinuities. It explores the formation, growth and interpretation of fractures and deformation bands, from theoretical, field and lab-based perspectives, bridging the gap between a general textbook treatment and the more advanced research literature. It allows the reader to acquire basic tools to interpret discontinuity origins, geometries, patterns and implications using many of the leading and contemporary concepts known to specialists in the field. Problem sets are provided at the end of each chapter, and worked examples are included within each chapter to illustrate topics and enable self-study. With all common geologic structures including joints, hydrofractures, faults, stylolites and deformation bands being discussed from a fresh perspective, it will be a useful reference for advanced students, researchers and industry practitioners interested in structural geology, neotectonics, rock mechanics, planetary geology, and reservoir geomechanics. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
174616 | Isotopic labeling for drug innovation | Excessive attrition rates during clinical trials dramatically impact on Drug Discovery and Development (DDD). Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion studies carried out on larger series of drug candidates at an earlier stage of the DDD timeline and evaluation of drug efficacy through better assessment of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships, target engagement and receptor occupancy are critically important approaches for de-risking drug innovation since they facilitate early identification of the candidates that display the best in vivo profile. When successfully implemented, this strategy can accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic solutions to existing and emerging diseases, and enhance European pharmaceutical innovation. For implementation, large sets of isotopically-labeled molecules are required and consequently, a huge revival of labeling techniques is urgently needed. Another crucial issue is the scarcity of expert radiochemists in Europe and the lack of first class training programs in this inter-disciplinary field merging chemistry, radiochemistry and medicinal chemistry. The aims of ISOTOPICS are: i) to train the next generation of European chemists with expertise in isotopic labeling and advanced medicinal chemistry through a first-class taught and research training program combined with a highly interactive secondments plan; ii) to develop innovative and general isotopic labeling chemistry and radiochemistry to streamline the synthesis of labeled small-molecule drugs and biologics; iii) to work closely with the European pharmaceutical industry to apply the new labeling methods to drugs currently in development in order to provide solutions to the most pressing problems in drug innovation. This highly interdisciplinary project is expected to have a profound beneficial impact on drug innovation in Europe by providing novel efficient techniques and new experts in the fields of labeling and medicinal chemistries. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2787148170 | Improving Information Retrieval in Multiwriter Scenario by Exploiting the Similarity Graph of Document Terms | Information Retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to a questioned information. It usually retrieves a set of objects ranked according to the relevancy to the needed fact. In document analysis, information retrieval receives a lot of attention in terms of symbol and word spotting. However, through decades the community mostly focused either on printed or on single writer scenario, where the state-of-the-art results have achieved reasonable performance on the available datasets. Nevertheless, the existing algorithms do not perform accordingly on multiwriter scenario. A graph representing relations between a set of objects is a structure where each node delineates an individual element and the similarity between them is represented as a weight on the connecting edge. In this paper, we explore different analytics of graphs constructed from words or graphical symbols, such as diffusion, shortest path, etc. to improve the performance of information retrieval methods in multiwriter scenario. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1098/rsos.160897 | Climate and the distribution of cooperative breeding in mammals | Cooperative breeding systems, in which non-breeding individuals provide care for the offspring of dominant group members, occur in less than 1% of mammals and are associated with social monogamy and the production of multiple offspring per birth (polytocy). Here, we show that the distribution of alloparental care by non-breeding subordinates is associated with habitats where annual rainfall is low. A possible reason for this association is that the females of species found in arid environments are usually polytocous and this may have facilitated the evolution of alloparental care. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
Q3848607 | Unterstützung kleiner Unternehmen mit einem Umsatz von mehr als 500 000 BGN zur Überwindung der wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie | Unterstützung kleiner Unternehmen mit einem Umsatz von mehr als 500 000 BGN zur Überwindung der wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1145/2845926.2845933 | A New Approach To Measure Social Capital Using Game Theoretic Techniques | Although the notion of social capital has been extensively studied in various bodies of the literature, there is no universally accepted definition or measure of this concept. In this article, we discuss a new approach for measuring social capital which builds upon cooperative game theory. The new approach not only turns out to be a natural tool for modeling social capital, but also captures various aspects of this phenomenon that are not captured by other approaches. | [
"Mathematics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.006 | Pannexin1 as mediator of inflammation and cell death | Pannexins form channels at the plasma membrane surface that establish a pathway for communication between the cytosol of individual cells and their extracellular environment. By doing so, pannexin signaling dictates several physiological functions, but equally underlies a number of pathological processes. Indeed, pannexin channels drive inflammation by assisting in the activation of inflammasomes, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the activation and migration of leukocytes. Furthermore, these cellular pores facilitate cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy. The present paper reviews the roles of pannexin channels in inflammation and cell death. In a first part, a state-of-the-art overview of pannexin channel structure, regulation and function is provided. In a second part, the mechanisms behind their involvement in inflammation and cell death are discussed. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1007/s00401-016-1550-4 | Glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switch and mTOR signaling activation are early-onset features of SBMA muscle modified by high-fat diet | Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor (AR). The mechanism by which expansion of polyglutamine in AR causes muscle atrophy is unknown. Here, we investigated pathological pathways underlying muscle atrophy in SBMA knock-in mice and patients. We show that glycolytic muscles were more severely affected than oxidative muscles in SBMA knock-in mice. Muscle atrophy was associated with early-onset, progressive glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switch. Whole genome microarray and untargeted lipidomic analyses revealed enhanced lipid metabolism and impaired glycolysis selectively in muscle. These metabolic changes occurred before denervation and were associated with a concurrent enhancement of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) expression. At later stages of disease, we detected mitochondrial membrane depolarization, enhanced transcription factor EB (TFEB) expression and autophagy, and mTOR-induced protein synthesis. Several of these abnormalities were detected in the muscle of SBMA patients. Feeding knock-in mice a high-fat diet (HFD) restored mTOR activation, decreased the expression of PGC1α, TFEB, and genes involved in oxidative metabolism, reduced mitochondrial abnormalities, ameliorated muscle pathology, and extended survival. These findings show early-onset and intrinsic metabolic alterations in SBMA muscle and link lipid/glucose metabolism to pathogenesis. Moreover, our results highlight an HFD regime as a promising approach to support SBMA patients. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-52200-1_32 | Operational Research Literature As A Use Case For The Open Research Knowledge Graph | The Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) provides machine-actionable access to scholarly literature that habitually is written in prose. Following the FAIR principles, the ORKG makes traditional, human-coded knowledge findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable in a structured manner in accordance with the Linked Open Data paradigm. At the moment, in ORKG papers are described manually, but in the long run the semantic depth of the literature at scale needs automation. Operational Research is a suitable test case for this vision because the mathematical field and, hence, its publication habits are highly structured: A mundane problem is formulated as a mathematical model, solved or approximated numerically, and evaluated systematically. We study the existing literature with respect to the Assembly Line Balancing Problem and derive a semantic description in accordance with the ORKG. Eventually, selected papers are ingested to test the semantic description and refine it further. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2095034727 | Prediction of Mine Inrush Water Based on BP Neural Network Method | Based on predictions of the mine inflow of water and the complexity of influential factors, a method of BP neural network is put forward for mine inrush water prediction in this paper. We chose proper impact factors and establish non-linear artificial neural network prediction model after analyzed the impact factors of mine water inflow in Shandong Heiwang iron, and also made one prediction with normal mine water inflow during the iron mining operation. It turned out that the result can match with the actual prediction data, which make it possible to predict the mine water inflow with the prediction of Artificial Neural Network. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
GB 8800634 W | CELLULOSIC FIBRE | Viscose filaments, preferably in staple fibre form, have a decitex of less than 5.0 and a multi-limbed cross-section, the limbs having a length-to-width aspect ratio of at least 2:1. Examples of multi-limbed cross-sectional shapes are Y-, X-, H- and T-shapes. The fibre can be formed into woven, non-woven or knitted fabrics, and is especially useful for absorbent products. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
629814 | Evolution of pro- and eukaryotic commensals within the human gut | The EPYC project will characterize the evolution of long-term human associated eukaryotes and prokaryotes, using colonization patterns in 3 human generations.
The gut microbiome is important for human health, supporting nutrition, pathogen defence and immune homeostasis, with more than 200 species inhabiting each human gut. In recent years metagenomics led to notable breakthroughs in describing this microbial diversity, yet 50-90% of species are typically present at too low abundance to be genome or strain resolved. Thus, most gut microbiome studies focused to date on dominant bacteria and very little is known of the highly diverse, yet low abundance, pro- and eukaryotes (elusive microbes). Importantly, elusive microbes are an inherent part of ecosystem successions persisting at different ages of the host. I propose that niche adaptation and persistence are key indicators of a taxa’s importance to the gut ecosystem and host health. I will determine which microbes persist for years within a human, or even a family for several generations. This should be reflected in microbial genetic adaption, also indicating which genes are likely important to successfully colonize the human gut.
I hypothesize that low abundance pro- and eukaryotes are adapted to persist for multiple generations in the human host, indicating their importance, despite being largely ignored so far.
To investigate this knowledge gap in EPYC, I will
(O1) Enable high-precision metagenomics of elusive microbes
(O2) Estimate pro- and eukaryotic strain persistence across three human generations
(O3) Describe the microbial genetics of gastrointestinal persistence
EPYC will develop the next-generation of high-resolution metagenomics of an extended taxonomic range, enabling me to research microbial evolution in the human gut. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1093/molbev/msaa163 | Bayesian Evaluation of Temporal Signal in Measurably Evolving Populations | Abstract
Phylogenetic methods can use the sampling times of molecular sequence data to calibrate the molecular clock, enabling the estimation of evolutionary rates and timescales for rapidly evolving pathogens and data sets containing ancient DNA samples. A key aspect of such calibrations is whether a sufficient amount of molecular evolution has occurred over the sampling time window, that is, whether the data can be treated as having come from a measurably evolving population. Here, we investigate the performance of a fully Bayesian evaluation of temporal signal (BETS) in sequence data. The method involves comparing the fit to the data of two models: a model in which the data are accompanied by the actual (heterochronous) sampling times, and a model in which the samples are constrained to be contemporaneous (isochronous). We conducted simulations under a wide range of conditions to demonstrate that BETS accurately classifies data sets according to whether they contain temporal signal or not, even when there is substantial among-lineage rate variation. We explore the behavior of this classification in analyses of five empirical data sets: modern samples of A/H1N1 influenza virus, the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, coronaviruses from mammalian hosts, ancient DNA from Hepatitis B virus, and mitochondrial genomes of dog species. Our results indicate that BETS is an effective alternative to other tests of temporal signal. In particular, this method has the key advantage of allowing a coherent assessment of the entire model, including the molecular clock and tree prior which are essential aspects of Bayesian phylodynamic analyses. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2001633616 | Analysis of Competition Between Transformation Pathways in the Functioning of Biotic Abstract Dual Automata | Properties of avenues of transformation and their mutualism with forms of organization in dynamic systems are essential for understanding the evolution of prebiotic order. We have analyzed competition between two avenues of transformation in an A↔B system, using the simulation approach called BiADA (Biotic Abstract Dual Automata). We discuss means of avoiding common pitfalls of abstract system modeling and benefits of BiADA-based simulations. We describe the effect of the availability of free energy, energy sink magnitude, and autocatalysis on the evolution of energy flux and order in the system. Results indicate that prebiotic competition between avenues of transformation was more stringent in energy-limited environments. We predict that in such conditions the efficiency of autocatalysis during competition between alternative system states will increase for systems with forms of organization having short half-lives and thus information that is time-sensitive to energy starvation. Our results also offer a potential solution to Manfred Eigen's error catastrophe dilemma. In the conditions discussed above, the exponential growth of quasi species is curbed through the removal of less competitive "genetic" variants via energy starvation. We propose that one of the most important achievements (and selective edges) of a dynamic network during competition in energy-limited or energy-variable environments was the capacity to correlate the internal energy flux and the need for free energy with the availability of free energy in the environment. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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