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W2051161998 | Influence of algal iron content on the assimilation and fate of iron and carbon in a marine copepod | We conducted pulse-chase experiments to study the assimilation and excretion of iron and carbon by the copepod Acartia tonsa fed three algal species cultured under Fe-replete or Fe-depleted conditions. Mean assimilation efficiency of Fe (AEFe) for copepods ranged from 47% to 53% when fed the diatom Thalassiosira oceanica, 43% to 45% when fed the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina, and 50% to 69% when fed the prymnesiophyte Isochrysis galbana. Carbon assimilation efficiency (AEC) ranged from 82% to 90% for all species. No consistent difference in AEFe or AEC was observed between Fe treatments. Instead, AEFe was linearly correlated with the fraction of Fe contained in algal cytosol (r2 = 0.75, p = 0.02). The excretion rate constants of Fe were generally higher when A. tonsa individuals were fed Fe-depleted cells, especially for R. salina and I. galbana, contrary to expectations if the copepods were maintaining elemental homeostasis. Mean respiratory rates were 30–60% higher for the copepods fed Fe-depleted food among the three algal diets, suggesting that those animals were “dumping” excess C. However, respiration was also closely related to cell size of algal food. Biokinetic modeling based on parameters measured here suggests that A. tonsa cannot maintain stoichiometric homeostasis of their tissue Fe : C ratios. The lack of regulation of tissue Fe contents is in marked contrast to the well-established regulation of the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus for some crustacean zooplankton. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
Q4215082 | ANSELOMA POR VERRECCHIA MARIO | «PEDIDO DE FACILITAÇÃO REFERIDO NO ANÚNCIO PÚBLICO RELATIVO A SUBVENÇÕES DE PEQUENA DIMENSÃO A PME SUSPENSAS OU COM UMA DIMINUIÇÃO GRAVE DO VOLUME DE NEGÓCIOS» | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.043 | Heterogeneous telomere defects in patients with severe forms of dyskeratosis congenita | Background: Telomeres represent the tips of linear chromosomes. In human subjects telomere maintenance deficiency leads to dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, accelerated aging, and cancer predisposition. Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HH) is a severe variant of DC in which an early onset of bone marrow failure leading to combined immunodeficiency is associated with microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, and growth retardation. Objectives: Limited information is available on the cellular and molecular phenotypes of cells from patients with HH. We analyzed fibroblasts and whole blood cells from 5 patients with HH, 3 of them of unknown molecular origin. Methods: Telomere length, cellular senescence rate, telomerase activity, telomeric aberration, and DNA repair pathways were investigated. Results: Although patients' cells exhibit dysfunctional telomeres, sharp differences in the telomeric aberrations and telomere lengths were noted among these patients. In some patients the dysfunctional telomere phenotype was unprecedented and associated with either normal telomere length or with telomeric aberrations akin to fragile telomeres. This result is of particular importance because the molecular diagnosis of these patients is primarily based on telomere length, which therefore misses a subset of patients with telomere dysfunction. Conclusion: These observations provide the notions that (1) various telomere defects can lead to similar clinical features, (2) telomere dysfunction in cells from patients with DC/HH is not always associated with short telomeres, and (3) additional factors, likely involved in telomere protection rather than in length regulation, are responsible for a subset of DC/HH. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W4313450485 | OS PRINCIPAIS ASSUNTOS DE AUDITORIA DE EMPRESAS DO SETOR FINANCEIRO BRASILEIRO | O presente trabalho buscou analisar os principais assuntos de auditoria (PAA’s) mais recorrentes de instituições financeiras que estão listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3) no período de 2016 a 2020 devido ao início da vigência do novo relatório do auditor para avaliar a evolução deste parecer no decorrer dos anos ao relacionar a quantidade de assuntos de auditoria alocados com a empresa de auditoria. Através de pesquisa descritiva, documental com análise qualitativa e quantitativa, verificou que os principais assuntos abordados no seguimento de bancos são: provisão para crédito de liquidação duvidosa; ambiente de tecnologia e passivo contingente, com recorrência de 95 (noventa e cinco) 81 (oitenta e um) e 72 (setenta e dois) repetições respectivamente. As principais empresas de auditoria contratadas foram as Big Four: Deloitte, PWC (PricewaterhouseCoopers), E&Y (Ernst & Young) e KPMG, havendo apenas uma empresa contratada que não faz parte deste grupo: Grant Thornton. Demonstrou-se a quantidade de principais assuntos de auditoria aplicados às empresas analisadas, sendo a média conjunta de 3,70 PAA’s por parecer publicado. Verificou-se a conformidade entre as empresas de auditoria quanto aos principais assuntos abordados com maior recorrência, sendo estes apresentados e fundamentados de mesmo modo. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-53133-5_9 | Joint Commitments And Group Identification In Human Robot Interaction | This paper investigates the possibility of designing robots that are able to participate in commitments with human agents. In the first part of the article, we tackle some features that, we claim, make commitments crucial for human-human interactions. In particular, we focus on some reasons for believing that commitments can facilitate the planning and coordination of actions involving multiple agents: not only can commitments stabilize and perhaps even increase the motivation to contribute to other agents’ goals and to shared goals, they also reinforce agents’ willingness to rely on other agents’ contributions. In the second part, we turn our attention to human-robot interaction. Here, we elaborate on five problems that roboticists could encounter in the attempt to implement commitments in human-robot interactions, and we argue in favor of some possible solutions to those problems. Finally, in the last part of the paper we zoom in on joint commitments, i. e. , on commitments held by a plurality of agents towards shared goals. Given that the concept of joint commitment invokes the notion of a group, we discuss some more specific challenges that would have to be met for human agents to group-identify with robots. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
219951 | Surface promoted enhanced transport of li-ions | As a rechargeable energy source lithium ion batteries (LIB) with a solid-state electrolyte is a highly desired option compared to LIB with liquid electrolytes due to several advantages, such as improved safety and extended lifetime, in addition to enabling devices with both high energy and power densities. However, despite an extensive research effort in this field development of all-solid-state batteries have not yet started to reached its full potential, largely because of the lack of suitable electrolyte candidate materials that offers both high ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability. We propose, within SUPER-Lion, the use of a novel nano composite electrolyte (NCE) that would enable solid-state LIB to reach their full potential, achieving both high ionic conductivities, combined with good mechanical and electrochemical stability. The NCE consists of a nanoporous insulator that provides both mechanical stability and a high effective internal surface area. The internal surface of the nanoporous matrix is coated with nanometer thin layers of a lithium salt that supply the necessary Li+ ions. The enhanced ion transport at the interface between the surface of the insulator and the lithium salt is exploited to make a NCE with high ion conductivity. By exploiting the effect of nanoconfinment the ionic conductivity of such interfaces can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude through an effect described as superionic transitions. The NCE will be manufactured through the combination of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD). Due to the self-limiting nature of the ALD/MLD technique it is perfect for deposition of thin layers where uniformity, subatomic thickness control and high quality films are of utter most importance. The ALD/MLD technique also enables the NCE to be deposited on 3D structured electrodes with high aspect ratios, thus enabling a further increase in the power and energy density of all-solid state batteries. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2119104213 | Two-Echelon Supply Chain Coordination with Uncertain Demand | Coordinating producer and retailer is one of the main issues of supply chain management. This paper focuses on a decentralized system that consists of a producer and a retailer with the uncertainty of the market demand. The coordination necessity is analyzed by comparing the system with a centralized system for the total cost in the supply chain, and an incentive function comprising buy-back cost and penalty cost and a coordination mechanism is set up based on two incentive ways by buy-back contracts and penalty contract. Finally simulation analysis is done and the result shows that the coordination mechanism allows supply chain to achieve the optimal overall performance. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1080/07036337.2015.1101957 | Why The European Commission Is Not The Unexpected Winner Of The Euro Crisis A Comment On Bauer And Becker | AbstractThe protracted euro area crisis has led to a resurgence of academic interest in integration theories. In a recent piece in this journal, Bauer and Becker argue that the euro crisis allowed the European Commission to strengthen its role in economic governance, in particular with regard to its implementation powers. Contrary to Bauer and Becker’s claim, I contend that the euro crisis has resulted not in strengthening the Commission. Rather, the Commission is undergoing “subtle disempowerment”, that is, a gradual transfer of decision-making authority and resources from the Commission to the intergovernmental level and to the European Central Bank. I illustrate the Commission's subtle disempowerment along three dimensions: the creation of the intergovernmental European Stability Mechanism; enhanced oversight mechanisms of the Commission via the troika constellation; and the creation of the European System of Financial Supervision, Banking Union and Single Supervisory Mechanism under the aegis of the E. . . | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1128/JVI.03104-14 | Lentiviral Nef proteins manipulate T cells in a subset-specific manner | The role of the accessory viral Nef protein as a multifunctional manipulator of the host cell that is required for effective replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in vivo is well established. It is unknown, however, whether Nef manipulates all or just specific subsets of CD4+ T cells, which are the main targets of virus infection and differ substantially in their state of activation and importance for a functional immune system. Here, we analyzed the effect of Nef proteins differing in their T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 downmodulation function in HIV-infected human lymphoid aggregate cultures and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that Nef efficiently downmodulates TCR-CD3 in naive and memory CD4+ T cells and protects the latter against apoptosis. In contrast, highly proliferative CD45RA+ CD45RO+ CD4+ T cells were main producers of infectious virus but largely refractory to TCR-CD3 downmodulation. Such T cell subset-specific differences were also observed for Nef-mediated modulation of CD4 but not for enhancement of virion infectivity. Our results indicate that Nef predominantly modulates surface receptors on CD4+ T cell subsets that are not already fully permissive for viral replication. As a consequence, Nef-mediated downmodulation of TCR-CD3, which distinguishes most primate lentiviruses from HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and its vpu-containing simian precursors, may promote a selective preservation of central memory CD4+ T cells, which are critical for the maintenance of a functional immune system. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/s00208-016-1394-1 | Comparison results and improved quantified inequalities for semilinear elliptic equations | In this paper, we prove some pointwise comparison results between the solutions of some second-order semilinear elliptic equations in a domain Ω of Rn and the solutions of some radially symmetric equations in the equimeasurable ball Ω ∗. The coefficients of the symmetrized equations in Ω ∗ satisfy similar constraints as the original ones in Ω. We consider both the case of equations with linear growth in the gradient and the case of equations with at most quadratic growth in the gradient. Moreover, we show some improved quantified comparisons when the original domain is not a ball. The method is based on a symmetrization of the second-order terms. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1364/AO.58.002904 | Passive Alignment Stability And Auto Alignment Of Multipass Amplifiers Based On Fourier Transforms | The stability properties of Fourier-based multipass amplifier to misalignments (tilts) of its optical components has been investigated. For this purpose, a method to quantify the sensitivity to tilts based on the amplifier small signal gain has been elaborated and compared with measurements. To improve on the tilt stability by more than an order of magnitude a simple auto-alignment system has been proposed and tested. This study, combined with other investigations devoted to the stability of the output beam to variations of aperture and thermal lens effects of the active medium, qualifies the Fourier-based amplifier for the high-energy and the high-power sector. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
217682 | Oncologic patient profiling and personalized treatment through smart bedside diagnostics | The advent of personalized cancer care demands for distributed diagnostic solutions to support clinical decisions and selection of the best therapeutic regimen. Supportive information can be obtained by analyzing the response of patient’s tissue to various treatment options. A specific opportunity arises in the field of cellular analysis, where the ex-vivo assessment of drug efficacy performed through drug response assays represents a powerful tool and, at the same time, a challenge due to the difficulty of maintaining in-vitro conditions that closely resemble in-vivo cell response.
CellPly developed a novel in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) product to define cell response to anti-cancer drug treatment through integrated drug response analyses. Oncosmart platform includes a smart consumable, integrating a hybrid polymer/flexible-PCB micro-technology, an analytical instrument and diagnostic software.
After patient’s tissue sampling, an automated process will carry out sample preparation, precise drug delivery and monitoring of cell response through time-lapse imaging. Cancer patients will benefit from more personalized cancer therapies, while the public health systems will reduce overall analysis and hospitalization costs and better allocate resources dedicated to cancer therapies.
The Phase 1 project will set up the a quality-certified manufacturing chain and plan the validation of the platform in clinical setting in the field of acute leukemia; regulatory pathways to comply with CE-IVD and to seek reimbursement will be assessed; the commercialization strategy and associated business model(s) will be elaborated. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/c5sm01139f | Polydimethylsiloxane bilayer films with an embedded spontaneous curvature | A spontaneous curvature is imparted to polydimethylsiloxane films by the extraction of a filler from one of the film layers, giving rise to a new material with self-shaping behavior. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104578 | Water-saving agriculture can deliver deep water cuts for China | China is working hard to reconcile growing demands for freshwater with already oversubscribed renewable water resources. However, the knowledge essential for setting and achieving the intended water consumption cuts remains limited. Here we show that on-farm water management interventions such as improved irrigation and soil management practices for maize cultivation can lead to substantial water consumption reductions, by a simulated total of 28–46 % (7–14 billion m3/year) nationally, with or without the impacts of climate change. The water consumption cut is equivalent to 16–31 % of the ultimate capacity of the South-North Water Transfer Project. Much of the reduction is achievable at the populous and water-stressed North China Plain and Northeast China. Meanwhile, the interventions can increase maize production by an estimated 7–15 %, meeting 22–28 % of demand increase projected for 2050. The water management and food production improvements obtained are crucial for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to water, land, and food in China and far beyond. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
209437 | Biomimetic Organocatalysis – Development of Novel Synthetic Catalytic Methodology and Technology | Biomimetic Organocatalysis – Development of Novel Synthetic Catalytic Methodology and Technology The objective of the proposed research is the design and development of unprecedented preassembled, modular, molecular factories. Inspiration comes from nature’s non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthetases (PKSs). These large multifunctional enzymes possess catalytic modules with the capacity for recognition, activation and modification required for sequential biosynthesis of complex peptides and polyketides. Using nature as a role model we intend to design and prepare such catalyst “factories” synthetically and apply them in novel cascade reaction sequences. The single catalytic modules employed will be based on organocatalytic procedures, including enamine-, iminium-, as well as hydrogen bonding activation processes, but the potential scope is limitless. Organocatalysts have so far never been applied in a combined fashion utilizing their different activation mechanisms in multiple reaction cascades. Therefore, it is our intention to firstly demonstrate that such a production line approach is feasible and that these new catalyst systems can be applied in the synthesis of valuable enantiopure, biologically active, building blocks and natural products. Additionally, the extensive possibilities to vary organocatalyst modules in sequence will lead to science mimicking nature in its diversity. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1126/sciimmunol.aam9628 | Complement factor P is a ligand for the natural killer cell–activating receptor NKp46 | Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are involved in immune responses to microbes and various stressed cells, such as tumor cells. They include group 1 [such as natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1], group 2, and group 3 ILCs. Besides their capacity to respond to cytokines, ILCs detect their targets through a series of cell surface–activating receptors recognizing microbial and nonmicrobial ligands. The nature of some of these ligands remains unclear, limiting our understanding of ILC biology. We focused on NKp46, which is highly conserved in mammals and expressed by all mature NK cells and subsets of ILC1 and ILC3. We show here that NKp46 binds to a soluble plasma glycoprotein, the complement factor P (CFP; properdin), the only known positive regulator of the alternative complement pathway. Consistent with the selective predisposition of patients lacking CFP to lethal Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) infections, NKp46 and group 1 ILCs bearing this receptor were found to be required for mice to survive Nm infection. Moreover, the beneficial effects of CFP treatment for Nm infection were dependent on NKp46 and group 1 NKp46+ ILCs. Thus, group 1 NKp46+ ILCs interact with the complement pathway, via NKp46, revealing a cross-talk between two partners of innate immunity in the response to an invasive bacterial infection. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2012/05/017 | A Field Range Bound For General Single Field Inflation | We explore the consequences of a detection of primordial tensor fluctuations for general single-field models of inflation. Using the effective theory of inflation, we propose a generalization of the Lyth bound that applies to models of inflation coupled to Einstein gravity. Our strongest bound applies to all single-field models with two-derivative kinetic terms for the scalar fluctuations and is always stronger than the corresponding bound for slow-roll models. This shows that non-trivial dynamics of the inflaton can't evade the Lyth bound. We also present a weaker, but more universal bound that holds when the Null Energy Condition (NEC) is satisfied at horizon crossing. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W1988768616 | MO-A-224-01: A Review of the TG-201 Rapid Communication: QA of Data Transfer | Radiation therapy is a data intensive endeavor where multiple data transfers occur among various software applications, databases and treatment devices. Errors in data transfer or interpretation can lead to mistreatments. Hence, it is important to have recommendations for the quality assurance of data transfers for external beam radiotherapy. This is the subject of a rapid communication (RC) from the AAPM TG201. In this session, we will review the TG201 RC. An overview, rationale and administrative issues for a QA program will be described in terms of the responsibilities of the medical physicist for maintaining a systems approach to the clinical processes that require data transfers. The 14 recommendations of that section will provide the framework for the QA of treatment data, which is covered by another 14 recommendations that were deemed to be the most important issues by TG201. The remainder of the session will discuss recommendations regarding the logical consistency and integrity of the treatmentdatabase as well as imaging data that are transferred for image guided radiotherapy. We will conclude with an analysis of the manpower requirements for a data transfer QA program. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the data flow within the clinical processes for external beam radiotherapy, the errors that could occur, and the management of the QA program that is recommended for patient safety. 2. Organize the list of recommendations for treatment data transfer QA into a checklist that clinics could use to assess the state of their QA program. 3. Learn relevant database concepts within the context of information integrity and logical consistency of treatment data. 4. Determine the image data transfer recommendations that are applicable to one's clinic. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
US 2015/0043772 W | BONDING, COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A SHIPPING AND/OR STORAGE UNIT | A bonding, communication and control system that, via multiple digital and analog inputs and outputs provided by an on-the-go ready microcontroller, is capable of integrating the function of components required for a device to perform its tasks. Each invention unit has the minimum amount of built in hardware to support its features. First the units can bond, using multiple modes of identification recognition technology. Second, invention units can interconnect and exchange data via encrypted communication. Third, plug and play hardware can be added. Hardware can be customized, but also enables the fourth core feature: the invention can pair to a smart device, making possible full utilization of all of its hardware, software and existing infrastructure, including its ability to send data to and from a remote location. Thereby, both real time monitoring and anticipation of environment, and remote control of parameters of invention-associated devices, are possible. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
SG 2009000449 W | SPACE SAVING SLIDING DOOR SYSTEM FOR INTERIOR USE | A space saving sliding door system for one or more pair of toilet cubicles or shower cubicles. The sliding door system comprises a top hung longitudinal rail (7), one or more slider junctions (20) spaced along the top hung longitudinal rail (7); one or more pair of sliding doors (4,5); a roller assembly (21) installed on the upper side of each sliding door (4,5); one or more divider panels (2); which separates the cubicles; each of the divider panels (2) connected to the top hung longitudinal rail (7) at right angles to the top hung longitudinal rail (7). Each sliding door (4,5) is individually suspended by a roller assembly (21), and slidable along the top hung longitudinal rail (7). In an opened position, each sliding door (4,5) is individually slided into the slider junction (20) and parked there. The cubicle would be in a closed position when the sliding door (4,5) is individually slided almost fully out of the slider junction (20). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/chem.201703435 | High-Pressure Chemistry and the Mechanochemical Polymerization of [5]-Cyclo-p-phenylene | Evidence for the surprising formation of polymeric phases under high pressure for conjugated nanohoop molecules was found. This paper represents one of the unique cases, in which the molecular-level effects of pressure in crystalline organic solids is addressed, and provides a general approach based on vibrational Raman spectroscopy combining experiments and computations. In particular, we studied the structural and supramolecular chemistry of the cyclic conjugated nanohoop molecule [5]cyclo-para-phenylene ([5]CPP) under high pressures up to 10 GPa experimentally and up to 20 GPa computationally. The theoretical modeling for periodic crystals predicts good agreements with the experimentally obtained Raman spectra in the molecular phase. In addition, we have discovered two stable polymeric phases that arise in the simulation. The critical pressures in the simulation are too high, but the formation of polymeric phases at high pressures provides a natural explanation for the observed irreversibility of the Raman spectra upon pressure release between 6 and 7 GPa. The geometric parameters show a deformation toward quinonoid structures at high pressures accompanied by other deformations of the [5]CPP nanohoops. The quinonoidization of the benzene rings is linked to the systematic change of the bond length alternation as a function of the pressure, providing a qualitative interpretation of the observed spectral shifts of the molecular phase. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.013 | Conditional Spike Transmission Mediated by Electrical Coupling Ensures Millisecond Precision-Correlated Activity among Interneurons In Vivo | Many GABAergic interneurons are electrically coupled and in vitro can display correlated activity with millisecond precision. However, the mechanisms underlying correlated activity between interneurons in vivo are unknown. Using dual patch-clamp recordings in vivo, we reveal that in the presence of spontaneous background synaptic activity, electrically coupled cerebellar Golgi cells exhibit robust millisecond precision-correlated activity which is enhanced by sensory stimulation. This precisely correlated activity results from the cooperative action of two mechanisms. First, electrical coupling ensures slow subthreshold membrane potential correlations by equalizing membrane potential fluctuations, such that coupled neurons tend to approach action potential threshold together. Second, fast spike-triggered spikelets transmitted through gap junctions conditionally trigger postjunctional spikes, depending on both neurons being close to threshold. Electrical coupling therefore controls the temporal precision and degree of both spontaneous and sensory-evoked correlated activity between interneurons, by the cooperative effects of shared synaptic depolarization and spikelet transmission. van Welie et al. show using double patch-clamp recordings that cerebellar Golgi cells display millisecond precise correlated activity in vivo, which is enhanced during sensory processing. Gap junctions mediate precise correlated activity via slow membrane potential equalization and fast spikelet transmission. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1145/2700318 | Property Driven Design For Robot Swarms A Design Method Based On Prescriptive Modeling And Model Checking | In this article, we present property-driven design, a novel top-down design method for robot swarms based on prescriptive modeling and model checking. Traditionally, robot swarms have been developed using a code-and-fix approach: in a bottom-up iterative process, the developer tests and improves the individual behaviors of the robots until the desired collective behavior is obtained. The code-and-fix approach is unstructured, and the quality of the obtained swarm depends completely on the expertise and ingenuity of the developer who has little scientific or technical support in his activity. Property-driven design aims at providing such scientific and technical support, with many advantages compared to the traditional unstructured approach. Property-driven design is composed of four phases: first, the developer formally specifies the requirements of the robot swarm by stating its desired properties; second, the developer creates a prescriptive model of the swarm and uses model checking to verify that this prescriptive model satisfies the desired properties; third, using the prescriptive model as a blueprint, the developer implements a simulated version of the desired robot swarm and validates the prescriptive model developed in the previous step; fourth, the developer implements the desired robot swarm and validates the previous steps. We demonstrate property-driven design using two case studies: aggregation and foraging. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
NL 0200770 W | EMERGENCY STEPLADDER | An emergency stepladder for offering an escape route alongside an outer wall of a building comprises a number of successive ladder parts 11, 12 that can move between a first position and a second position. Said ladder parts are provided with latching means 14 for latching the ladder parts in the first position. The latching means comprise control means 15 which set free the ladder part latched by the latching means so that it may assume the second position when touched. Each time, the control means of successive ladder parts are positioned in a trajectory that is passed through by the previous ladder part when moving from the first to the second position. In this way, a cascade of swinging ladder parts will occur, once an arbitrary ladder part is set free, resulting in a continuous escape route. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1126/science.aao6535 | Architecture of eukaryotic mRNA 3′-end processing machinery | Newly transcribed eukaryotic precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) are processed at their 3′ ends by the ~1-megadalton multiprotein cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF). CPF cleaves pre-mRNAs, adds a polyadenylate tail, and triggers transcription termination, but it is unclear how its various enzymes are coordinated and assembled. Here, we show that the nuclease, polymerase, and phosphatase activities of yeast CPF are organized into three modules. Using electron cryomicroscopy, we determined a 3. 5-angstrom-resolution structure of the ~200-kilodalton polymerase module. This revealed four b propellers, in an assembly markedly similar to those of other protein complexes that bind nucleic acid. Combined with in vitro reconstitution experiments, our data show that the polymerase module brings together factors required for specific and efficient polyadenylation, to help coordinate mRNA 3′-end processing. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W4312534615 | GERENCIAMENTO DE STAKEHOLDERS E ESCRITÓRIO DE GERENCIAMENTO DE PROJETOS: EFEITO NOS RESULTADOS | RESUMO Uma vez que stakeholders de projetos afetam seus resultados, o gerenciamento desses atores deve ser considerado uma atividade relevante no gerenciamento de projetos. Somado a essa evidência, este estudo reconhece que os resultados de projetos podem ser incrementados quando há o apoio de um Escritório de Gerenciamento de Projetos (EGP). Assim, busca-se analisar a influência positiva do gerenciamento de stakeholders nos resultados dos projetos, especificamente na probabilidade de sua conclusão dentro de prazos e custos previstos, considerando o efeito moderador do apoio de EGPs. Para isso, o estudo apresenta um modelo conceitual validado por regressão logarítmica, usando dados coletados em pesquisa do tipo survey respondida por 216 professionais experientes da área de gerenciamento de projetos e que estudam o tema em cursos de pós-graduação. Os resultados indicam que o gerenciamento de stakeholders melhora os resultados de projetos e confirmam que o EGP aprimora a influência desse tipo de gerenciamento nos resultados. Como contribuição, a pesquisa reforça o gerenciamento de stakeholders e o apoio de EGPs como elementos-chave para o sucesso no gerenciamento de projetos. A amostragem foi suficiente para a replicabilidade da pesquisa, contudo restringiu-se a profissionais que vivem no Peru. Portanto, estudos futuros podem buscar alcançar uma população mais ampla. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1080/17530350.2019.1639066 | Calculating The Blue Economy Producing Trust In Numbers With Business Tools And Reflexive Objectivity | The ‘blue economy’ has in recent years become a leading concept for envisioning what may come after the fossil-based era. In efforts at calculating the potential economic value of the ocean, policy. . . | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.chom.2019.06.003 | A Connective Tissue Mast-Cell-Specific Receptor Detects Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules and Mediates Antibacterial Immunity | Quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) are secreted by bacteria to signal population density. Upon reaching a critical concentration, QSMs induce transcriptional alterations in bacteria, which enable virulence factor expression and biofilm formation. It is unclear whether mammalian hosts can recognize QSMs to trigger responsive antibacterial immunity. We report that mouse mast-cell-specific G-protein-coupled receptor Mrgprb2 and its human homolog MRGPRX2 are receptors for Gram-positive QSMs, including competence-stimulating peptide (CSP)-1. CSP-1 activates Mrgprb2 and MRGPRX2, triggering mast cell degranulation, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents biofilm formation. Such antibacterial functions are reduced in Mrgprb2-deficient mast cells, while wild-type mast cells fail to inhibit the growth of bacterial strains lacking CSP-1. Mrgprb2-knockout mice exhibit reduced bacterial clearance, while pharmacologically activating Mrgprb2 in vivo eliminates bacteria and improves disease score. These findings identify a host defense mechanism that uses QSMs as an “Achilles heel” and suggest MRGPRX2 as a potential therapeutic target for controlling bacterial infections. Bacteria use quorum-sensing signaling for cross-species communication. Pundir et al. report that host mast cells detect Gram-positive-bacteria-derived quorum-sensing molecules via the Mrgpr receptors. Mrgpr activation triggers antibacterial activity and immune cell recruitment to efficiently clear bacteria, while animals deficient in Mrgpr are hypersusceptible to bacterial infection. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
865032 | Sonorous Cities: Towards a Sonic Urbanism | Architecture and urban design, disciplines heavily rooted in visual epistemologies, have long neglected sound, or else treated it in very limited ways: as a physical quantity that can be modelled and controlled; or else as noise, something to be reduced or eliminated. The neglect of sound on the part of the built environment professions has been damaging for cities, which suffer from poor acoustic design. As cities come under increasing scrutiny in a rapidly urbanising world, it is time to turn attention to one of the most pervasive—yet most neglected—aspects of urban life: how cities sound; how the experience of urban soundscapes is differentiated along social and cultural lines; and how to harness the creative potential of sound to build healthier, more inclusive, more sustainable cities. SONCITIES will bring together sound theorists, urban sociologists, architects, urban designers and sound artists to develop the conceptual framework of sonic urbanism: a new acoustic paradigm for cities. First, we will conduct unprecedented ethnographic research with urban residents and communities, aiming to discover how people experience and shape urban soundscapes in their everyday lives. On this basis we will form a mobile urban sound laboratory to generate new sonic modes of urban analysis in dialogue with built environment practitioners internationally. Finally, we will develop new sonic modes of urban design in the context of Design Weeks, public exhibitions, and creative sonic interventions in cities: projects that will serve as prototypes for sonic urbanism. SONCITIES is led by a sound theorist and sound art practitioner at Oxford University with a proven record of collaboration with architects and urbanists. Through SONCITIES, sound will be placed at the forefront of creative practice in architecture and urban design, and sonic urbanism will emerge as an innovative theoretical paradigm that fundamentally transforms how cities are understood, designed and experienced. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1101/240440 | One Problem Too Many Solutions How Costly Is Honest Signalling Of Need | The 9cost of begging9 is a prominent prediction of costly signalling theory, suggesting that offspring begging has to be costly in order to be honest. More specifically, it predicts that there is a single cost function for the offspring (depending on e. g. offspring quality) that maintains honesty and it must be proportional to parent9s fitness loss. Here we show another interpretation of the cost. We demonstrate that cost, proportional to the fitness gain of the offspring, also results in honest signalling. Since the loss of the parent does not necessarily coincide with the gain of the offspring, it is provable that any linear combination of the two cost functions (one proportional to parent9s loss, one to offspring9s gain) also leads to honest signalling. Our results, applied for a specific model, support the previous general conclusion that signalling games have different cost functions for different equilibria. Consequently, costly signalling theory cannot predict a unique equilibrium cost in signalling games especially in case of parent-offspring conflicts. As an important consequence, any measured equilibrium cost in real cases has to be compared both to the parent9s fitness loss and to the offspring9s fitness gain in order to provide meaningfully interpretation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2417716041 | Experimental results on TMDs | QCD factorisation for semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at low transverse momentum in the current-fragmentation region has been established recently, providing a rigorous basis to study the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distribution and fragmentation functions of partons from semi-inclusive DIS data using different spin-dependent and spin-independent observables. The main focus of the experiments were the measurements of various single- and double-spin asymmetries in hadron electro-production ( $ e p^{\uparrow} \rightarrow ehX$
with unpolarised, longitudinally and transversely polarised targets. The joint use of a longitudinally polarised beam and longitudinally and transversely polarised targets allowed to measure double-spin asymmetries related to leading-twist distribution functions describing the transverse-momentum distribution of longitudinally and transversely polarised quarks in a longitudinally and transversely polarised nucleons (helicity and worm-gear TMDs). The single-spin asymmetries measured with transversely polarised targets, provided access to specific leading-twist parton distribution functions: the transversity, the Sivers function and the so-called “pretzelosity” function. In this review we present the current status and some future measurements of TMDs worldwide. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2015.1661 | The brain uses extrasomatic information to estimate limb displacement | A fundamental problem faced by the brain is to estimate whether a touched object is rigidly attached to a ground reference or is movable. A simple solution to this problem would be for the brain to test whether pushing on the object with a limb is accompanied by limb displacement. The mere act of pushing excites large populations of mechanoreceptors, generating a sensory response that is only weakly sensitive to limb displacement if the movements are small, and thus can hardly be used to determine the mobility of the object. In the mechanical world, displacement or deformation of objects frequently co-occurs with microscopic fluctuations associated with the frictional sliding of surfaces in contact or with micro-failures inside an object. In this study, we provide compelling evidence that the brain relies on these microscopic mechanical events to estimate the displacement of the limb in contact with an object, and hence the mobility of the touched object. We show that when pressing with a finger on a stiff surface, fluctuations that resemble the mechanical response of granular solids provoke a sensation of limb displacement. Our findings suggest that when acting on an external object, prior knowledge about the sensory consequences of interacting with the object contributes to proprioception. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
174746 | Membrane fusion mediated dermal allergy immunotherapy | In this project we aim to develop a new delivery platform for allergy vaccines with a high efficacy and a high safety profile combining membrane fusion-mediated delivery and microneedle-based dermal delivery.
Background: Within the ERC Starting Grant “Direct Drug Delivery”, I developed a method for the controlled fusion of liposomes with cells. A set of complementary peptide amphiphiles (coilK and coilE), able to form heterodimeric coiled coils, were shown to induce targeted and efficient fusion between two opposing membranes. More importantly, we have shown that this method of fusion can be applied to liposomes and to live cells. Since liposomes can be used as drug or vaccine carriers, this enables the direct delivery of these compounds into live cells.
The Problem: Allergen-specific immunotherapy for treating allergies such as asthma is currently performed via chronic subcutaneous administration of allergen extracts to patients. Unfortunately, it requires monthly injections for several years to achieve the desired long-lasting immunological tolerance. These vaccinations are typically performed by intramuscular or subcutaneous injections, causing pain and stress. Therefore there is a need for a new and more efficient administration platform to achieve shorter, safer and more patient-friendly protocols.
Our solution: Dermal delivery of vaccines offers a great potential, due to the large number of immune cells present in the skin. In order to increase the efficacy of current allergen-specific immunotherapy, it is our idea to use the membrane fusion heterodimeric coiled coil peptide pair to induce efficient cellular uptake and processing of a commercially used allergen (rBet v1) encapsulated in liposomes in order to increase its efficacy as an allergy vaccine. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/ecoj.12035 | The effect of ambiguity aversion on insurance and self-protection | In this article, we derive a set of simple conditions such that ambiguity aversion always raises the demand for self-insurance and the insurance coverage, but decreases the demand for self-protection. We also characterise the optimal insurance design under ambiguity aversion and exhibit a case in which the straight deductible contract is optimal as in the expected utility model. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
interreg_612 | Central European Network for knowledge based on Innovative Light Sources | Innovative light sources (ILS’s) are one of the most powerful tools for exploring the inner properties of matter. Knowledge about these properties allows novel applications in a large variety in scientific and technological fields. Centres hosting ILS’s are crossroads between fundamental science, state-of-the-art technology, high-level education and training, and business sectors. Therefore, they provide a formidable environment for human capital development. In central Europe one can notice that not all regions are currently taking full advantage of this great potential. CENILS sets out to bring closer the research and industrial applications relying on ILS’s and to exploit this knowledge for fostering human capital. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1109/MEMSYS.2014.6765670 | 3D Nanofabrication On Complex Seed Shapes Using Glancing Angle Deposition | Three-dimensional (3D) fabrication techniques promise new device architectures and enable the integration of more components, but fabricating 3D nanostructures for device applications remains challenging. Recently, we have performed glancing angle deposition (GLAD) upon a nanoscale hexagonal seed array to create a variety of 3D nanoscale objects including multicomponent rods, helices, and zigzags [1]. Here, in an effort to generalize our technique, we present a step-by-step approach to grow 3D nanostructures on more complex nanoseed shapes and configurations than before. This approach allows us to create 3D nanostructures on nanoseeds regardless of seed sizes and shapes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
174804 | Integrated roof wind energy system | The Integrated Roof Wind Energy System (IRWES) is the breakthrough solution overcoming all shortcomings of existing renewable energy solutions. IRWES is a roof-mounted, elegant structure with an internal – nonvisible – turbine making smart use of aerodynamics. It is more efficient than any existing urban windmill, and more efficient per area than PV panels when mounted on roofs higher than 20m. This novel system has highest efficiency based on IP protected and tested technology (TRL6). It reduces the payback time by effectively producing electric power in both high and low wind speeds resulting in both more efficiency and operational hours. The Netherlands counts 35.000 buildings suitable for application with attractive ROI, while greatest impact is achieved in Europe where 1/6 of the population lives in high-rise buildings. Customers have already committed to 25 units after demonstration. IRWES is a business opportunity ready for large growth, to serve the – until now – unreachable segment of local renewable energy supply to high buildings, while seamlessly aligning with the Horizon 2020 Work Programme objectives. Moreover, IRWES addresses European and global challenges such as reducing the risk of carbon “lock-in”, offering sustainable and affordable alternatives to rising electricity prices as well as closing the gap between R&D, innovation and entrepreneurship. Its market excellence is defined by meeting the important customer demands differentiating in aesthetical integration and customization; creating more value as an outstanding, attractive solution. Our business objectives have been outlined in 8 Work Packages to prepare the IRWES mass-market launch, positioning it as a game changing solution on the European market. Based on rigorous studies and feasibility assessments, already performed, we present a solid business plan that incorporates a commercialization strategy and a financing plan to underpin the foreseen market launch and growth strategy of IRWES. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03657 | Interaction between Colloidal Quantum Dots and Halide Perovskites: Looking for Constructive Synergies | Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have received extensive attention during the last few decades because of their amazing properties emerging from quantum confinement. In parallel, halide perovskites have attracted attention because of the demonstration of very high performance, especially in solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and other optoelectronic devices. Both families of materials can be prepared in a relatively simple way, facilitating their integration. There are several examples of their interaction enhancing the properties of the final nanocomposite. Perovskites can effectively passivate QDs or act as efficient charge transporters. QDs can be used to modify the selective contacts in perovskite devices or can be used as efficient light emitters or absorbers for enhanced LEDs and photodetectors, respectively. Moreover, QDs can seed the perovskite crystal growth, improving the morphology and ultimately the solar cell performance. In addition, new advanced devices can emerge as a result of the constructive synergy between both families of materials. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2067334581 | Plasma motions in the solar loop of emerging magnetic flux | The results of analyzing variations in the line-of-sight (LOS) velocities in the solar loop at photospheric and chromospheric levels in the region of emerging magnetic flux for the evolving active region NOAA 11024 are reported. The analysis combines the data of multiwave spectropolarimetric observations that were carried out on July 4, 2009, (Tenerife, Spain) using THEMIS solar telescope and the data obtained with GOES, SOHO, and STEREO cosmic satellites. A complex sequence of active events has been studied: formation of the Ellerman bomb, B1 X-ray microflare, and four chromospheric surges that were formed as a result of magnetic reconnection caused by new emerging magnetic flux. The Ellerman bomb was formed in the vicinity of a growing pore. Variations in the velocity V
LOS of the EB had an oscillation character for chromosphere and photosphere. Before the microflare, the average velocities of the upward and downward plasma fluxes in one leg of the magnetic loop were nearly the same—26 km/s. During the microflare, the velocity V
LOS of the ascending and descending flows increased up to −33 and 50 km/s, respectively. Variations in line-of-sight velocity of a plasma in the second leg of the magnetic loop correlated well with variations of V
LOS in the region of microflare, but they occurred 1.5 minutes later. During the time of observations, four chromospheric ejections of matter were formed and three of them occurred in the region of Ellerman’s bomb formation. Sharp variations in the soft X-ray intensity occurred during these ejections. At photospheric level, variations in the line-of-sight velocity of plasma in the legs of the loop occurred in the opposite direction. In the region of the first leg, velocity V
LOS diminished from −1.8 to −0.4 km/s, while the velocity increased from −0.6 to −2.6 km/s in the region of the second leg. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-28729-9_18 | Robustness Of Structurally Equivalent Concurrent Parity Games | We consider two-player stochastic games played on a finite state space for an infinite number of rounds. The games are concurrent: in each round, the two players (player 1 and player 2) choose their moves independently and simultaneously; the current state and the two moves determine a probability distribution over the successor states. We also consider the important special case of turn-based stochastic games where players make moves in turns, rather than concurrently. We study concurrent games with ω-regular winning conditions specified as parity objectives. The value for player 1 for a parity objective is the maximal probability with which the player can guarantee the satisfaction of the objective against all strategies of the opponent. We study the problem of continuity and robustness of the value function in concurrent and turn-based stochastic parity games with respect to imprecision in the transition probabilities. We present quantitative bounds on the difference of the value function (in terms of the imprecision of the transition probabilities) and show the value continuity for structurally equivalent concurrent games (two games are structurally equivalent if the supports of the transition functions are the same and the probabilities differ). We also show robustness of optimal strategies for structurally equivalent turn-based stochastic parity games. Finally, we show that the value continuity property breaks without the structural equivalence assumption (even for Markov chains) and show that our quantitative bound is asymptotically optimal. Hence our results are tight (the assumption is both necessary and sufficient) and optimal (our quantitative bound is asymptotically optimal). | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2018037104 | Spatio-temporal dynamics of kind versus hostile intentions in the human brain: An electrical neuroimaging study | Neuroscience research suggests that inferring neutral intentions of other people recruits a specific brain network within the inferior fronto-parietal action observation network as well as a putative social network including brain areas subserving theory of mind, such as the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), and also the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Recent studies on harmful intentions have refined this network by showing the specific involvement of the ACC, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in early stages (within 200 ms) of information processing. However, the functional dynamics for kind intentions within and among these networks remains unclear. To address this question, we measured electrical brain activity from 18 healthy adult participants while they were performing an intention inference task with three different types of intentions: kind, hostile and non-interactive. Electrophysiological results revealed that kind intentions were characterized by significantly larger peak amplitudes of N2 over the frontal sites than those for hostile and non-interactive intentions. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between hostile and non-interactive intentions at N2. The source analysis suggested that the vicinity of the left cingulate gyrus contributed to the N2 effect by subtracting the kindness condition from the non-interactive condition within 250-350 ms. At a later stage (i.e., during the 270-500 ms epoch), the peak amplitude of the P3 over the parietal sites and the right hemisphere was significantly larger for hostile intentions compared to the kind and non-interactive intentions. No significant differences were observed at P3 between kind and non-interactive intentions. The source analysis showed that the vicinity of the left anterior cingulate cortex contributed to the P3 effect by subtracting the hostility condition from the non-interactive condition within 450-550 ms. The present study provides preliminary evidence of the spatio-temporal dynamics sustaining the dissociation between the understandings of different types of social intentions. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1002/marc.201700255 | Microfluidic Programming of Compositional Hydrogel Landscapes | A droplet microfluidics strategy to rapidly synthesize, process, and screen up to hundreds of thousands of compositionally distinct synthetic hydrogels is presented. By programming the flow rates of multiple microfluidic inlet channels supplying individual hydrogel building blocks, microgel compositions and properties are systematically modulated. The use of fluorescent labels as proxies for the physical and chemical properties of the microgel permits the rapid screening and discovery of specific formulations through fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. This concept should accelerate the discovery of new hydrogel formulations for various novel applications. (Figure presented. ). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/jipb.12507 | Sex ratio of mirid populations shifts in response to hostplant co-infestation or altered cytokinin signaling | Herbivore species sharing a host plant often compete. In this study, we show that host plant-mediated interaction between two insect herbivores − a generalist and a specialist − results in a sex ratio shift of the specialist's offspring. We studied demographic parameters of the specialist Tupiocoris notatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) when co-infesting the host plant Nicotiana attenuata (Solanaceae) with the generalist leafhopper Empoasca sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). We show that the usually female-biased sex ratio of T. notatus shifts toward a higher male proportion in the offspring on plants co-infested by Empoasca sp. This sex ratio change did not occur after oviposition, nor is it due differential mortality of female and male nymphs. Based on pyrosequencing and PCR of bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons, we concluded that sex ratio shifts were unlikely to be due to infection with Wolbachia or other known sex ratio-distorting endosymbionts. Finally, we used transgenic lines of N. attenuata to evaluate if the sex ratio shift could be mediated by changes in general or specialized host plant metabolites. We found that the sex ratio shift occurred on plants deficient in two cytokinin receptors (irCHK2/3). Thus, cytokinin-regulated traits can alter the offspring sex ratio of the specialist T. notatus. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/mt.2013.230 | AAV-mediated liver-specific MPV17 expression restores mtdna levels and prevents diet-induced liver failure | Mutations in human MPV17 cause a hepatocerebral form of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS) hallmarked by early-onset liver failure, leading to premature death. Liver transplantation and frequent feeding using slow-release carbohydrates are the only available therapies, although surviving patients eventually develop slowly progressive peripheral and central neuropathy. The physiological role of Mpv17, including its functional link to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, is still unclear. We show here that Mpv17 is part of a high molecular weight complex of unknown composition, which is essential for mtDNA maintenance in critical tissues, i. e. liver, of a Mpv17 knockout mouse model. On a standard diet, Mpv17 -/- mouse shows hardly any symptom of liver dysfunction, but a ketogenic diet (KD) leads these animals to liver cirrhosis and failure. However, when expression of human MPV17 is carried out by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene replacement, the Mpv17 knockout mice are able to reconstitute the Mpv17-containing supramolecular complex, restore liver mtDNA copy number and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proficiency, and prevent liver failure induced by the KD. These results open new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of MPV17-related liver-specific MDS. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/sdata.2015.23 | Open science resources for the discovery and analysis of Tara Oceans data | The Tara Oceans expedition (2009-2013) sampled contrasting ecosystems of the world oceans, collecting environmental data and plankton, from viruses to metazoans, for later analysis using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. It surveyed 210 ecosystems in 20 biogeographic provinces, collecting over 35,000 samples of seawater and plankton. The interpretation of such an extensive collection of samples in their ecological context requires means to explore, assess and access raw and validated data sets. To address this challenge, the Tara Oceans Consortium offers open science resources, including the use of open access archives for nucleotides (ENA) and for environmental, biogeochemical, taxonomic and morphological data (PANGAEA), and the development of on line discovery tools and collaborative annotation tools for sequences and images. Here, we present an overview of Tara Oceans Data, and we provide detailed registries (data sets) of all campaigns (from port-to-port), stations and sampling events. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
US 2012/0061992 W | WNT/B-CATENIN INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE | This disclosure relates to inhibitors of the Wni pathway, and compositions comprising the same, as well as to their use in the treatment of disorders characterized by the activation of Writ pathway signaling (e.g., cancer), as well as to the modulation of cellular events mediated by VVnt pathway signaling. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2010571230 | G.P.318 | Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), among the most common autosomal recessive disorders in the Japanese population, is characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy and brain malformations. It is essentially limited to Japan, and three-quarters of Japanese patients have a similar haplotype due to the ancestral founder mutation, a 3-kb retrotransposal insertion in the fukutin gene. Patient phenotypes can be classified as mild, typical, and severe depending on peak motor function. The typical form patients can sit without support or slide on the buttocks and account for 75% of FCMD cases. The patients who can crawl or walk are classified as having mild form and those lacking head control as having severe form. The rate of heterozygosity for the ancestral founder mutation was reported to be significantly higher in severe cases. Since the natural history of FCMD was reported long ago, we aimed to reevaluate the natural history of our FCMD patients. We retrospectively studied the medical records in 73 genetically diagnosed FCMD patients followed at our University from 1995. Forty-four patients were homozygous for the ancestral founder mutation and 24 had a compound heterozygous mutation. In the homozygous group, 28 patients were classified as typical form and 8 as mild form. In the heterozygous group, 13 patients had typical form and 8 had severe form. Head control and sitting without support were achieved, on average, at 7.6 months (m) and 14.6 m of age, respectively, in the homozygous group, but at 16.5 m and 39.1 m in the heterozygous group. Head control and sitting on average for each phenotype were: (i) 4.5 m/9 m in the walking, (ii)7.4 m/17.7 m in the sliding on the buttocks (iii) 10.5 m/21.3 m in sitting without support, and (iv) 21.7 m/- in the severe groups only with head control. Motor function deterioration started at 7.6 years, on average. Detailed assessment of motor development patterns for each FCMD phenotype may facilitate conducting clinical trials. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2037501676 | Evaluation Research on the Hydrogeology Conditions of Coal Bed Methane Row Production | This paper confirms that the mining of the coal bed methane (CBM) are most significantly influenced by the hydrogeology parameters of the reservoir itself, the hydrogeology parameters, the supply properties and the geological structure of the roof and floor and other neighboring water-bearing rocks hydraulically associated with the coal bed as well as the difficulty degree of CBM mining; a evaluation indicator system structure of the hydrogeology conditions are established based on the foresaid conclusions and the CBM mining hydrogeology conditions are divided into “beneficial, moderate and adverse” grades; this paper finally divides the threshold to grade the hydrogeology condition evaluation indicators and a complete CBM mining hydrogeology conditions evaluation indicator system is founded to evaluate the hydrogeology conditions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
169352 | Effects of multi-scale rough patches on hydrodynamics and scalar dispersion in turbulent boundary layers | The objective of the proposed research initiative is to experimentally investigate the effects of irregular multi-scale wall roughness on turbulent boundary layers. It is widely understood that wall roughness has a significant effect on turbulent boundary layers, however the majority of the existing research on this complex mechanism has been limited to homogeneous distributions of roughness covering the entire surface. Current models fall short for the majority of real-world flows that develop over surfaces with natural irregularities such as flows over ship hulls containing barnacles or atmospheric flows over cities or forests.
In this proposed research, a range of experiments will be carried out to investigate the flow around custom-manufactured patches of wall roughness placed within a turbulent boundary layer. Wall roughness elements will be designed using fractal patterns in order to isolate the multi-scale effects of the roughness geometry. Measurements will be performed in a wind tunnel and in a water channel at the University of Southampton (UoS), using a force balance to directly measure the wall friction, particle image velocimetry to measure the local flow structure, and planar-laser-induced fluorescence to measure the local dispersion for a variety of different patch topologies.
This work will further the fundamental understanding of turbulent boundary layer flows and will have practical relevance to environmental, transportation, and energy engineering by setting the groundwork for the understanding and parameterization of multi-scale roughness effects. This ambitious research initiative will be achievable by leveraging the combined expertise of the proposed Fellow in experimental fluid dynamics and turbulent shear flows and the expertise of the UoS in aerodynamics and turbulent boundary layer research. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1126/science.aat8950 | Chromatin plasticity: A versatile landscape that underlies cell fate and identity | During development and throughout life, a variety of specialized cells must be generated to ensure the proper function of each tissue and organ. Chromatin plays a key role in determining cellular state, whether totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, or differentiated. We highlight chromatin dynamics involved in the generation of pluripotent stem cells as well as their influence on cell fate decision and reprogramming. We focus on the capacity of histone variants, chaperones, modifications, and heterochromatin factors to influence cell identity and its plasticity. Recent technological advances have provided tools to elucidate the underlying chromatin dynamics for a better understanding of normal development and pathological conditions, with avenues for potential therapeutic application. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.fluid.2015.05.023 | Densities, viscosities and derived thermophysical properties of water-saturated imidazolium-based ionic liquids | In order to evaluate the impact of the alkyl side chain length and symmetry of the cation on the thermophysical properties of water-saturated ionic liquids (ILs), densities and viscosities as a function of temperature were measured at atmospheric pressure and in the (298. 15-363. 15)K temperature range, for systems containing two series of bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-based compounds: the symmetric [CnCnim][NTf2] (with n=1-8 and 10) and asymmetric [CnC1im][NTf2] (with n=2-5, 7, 9 and 11) ILs. For water-saturated ILs, the density decreases with the increase of the alkyl side chain length while the viscosity increases with the size of the aliphatic tails. The saturation water solubility in each IL was further estimated with a reasonable agreement based on the densities of water-saturated ILs, further confirming that, for the ILs investigated, the volumetric mixing properties of ILs and water follow a near ideal behavior. The water-saturated symmetric ILs generally present lower densities and viscosities than their asymmetric counterparts. From the experimental data, the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient and energy barrier were also estimated. A close correlation between the difference in the energy barrier values between the water-saturated and pure ILs and the water content in each IL was found, supporting that the decrease in the viscosity of ILs in presence of water is directly related with the decrease of the energy barrier. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
Q2869625 | Conseil en stratégie numérique et site web de A. Cantadeiro | L’objectif du projet est de développer un site web multilingue, optimisé, avec un composant CRM, en utilisant le conseil en stratégie numérique. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
interreg_2673 | Partnership on European Regional Innovation Agencies | PERIA is a co-operation project between Regional Innovation Agencies and Regional Authorities in Europe with the aims of:
• sharing experience and methodologies on innovation services and policies
• learning from each other in the management of regional innovation systems.
PERIA focuses on regional innovation policy and on the tools used for implementing innovation: the Regional Innovation Agency (RIA)
A Regional Innovation Agency is an organization in close cooperation and connection with the regional authority (government) with the following public assignments:
- support the growth of enterprises through innovative projects,
- develop an innovation-friendly environment, notably with operational partnerships with universities, research laboratories or technical centres,
- improve the region's knowledge base, encourage the knowledge spreading,
- develop and improve the region's innovation services and strengthen the region's innovation network.
Whatever its official name, any organism with the above assignments will be considered as a Regional Innovation Agency (RIA).
The objectives of PERIA are to develop within regions with a common interest their proficiency in regional innovation policy, in innovation management techniques and in fostering of Research-Development-Innovation relationships:
- to meet and jointly identify practices of regional innovation support
- to select good practices, especially those which impact positively on the SMEs innovation potential
- experimentally transfer these practices to the Regional authority and RIA based on a feasibility study
- and disseminate this knowledge of practices and transfer to other European Regional authority, RIAs and relevant actors in the field of innovation. This particularly to the regions that are currently in the process of developing their innovation policy through the implementation of specific regional tools such as RIA.
Beyond these exchanges, the improvement of regional innovation policy and regional innovation support tools is the goal of PERIA in order to offer greater support to SMEs in developing their innovation projects.
To achieve its objectives, PERIA will focus on the political level and on the operational level and ensure a connection between these two by having specific Working Groups that will in the second half of the project come together to work on the transfer of three selected good practices. Throughout the project, several events at regional, national and European level will be organised to familiarise innovation stakeholders and actors at these respective levels on this initiative and encourage the transfer of good practices inside and outside the partnership. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W1893718822 | Correlation of genetic and morphometric types of Sventoji River catchment relief (north-east Lithuania) | The Sventoji is a river of the Baltic Upland. The catchment of the Sventoji is teardrop-shaped up to 50-60 km wide, and 160 km long. Most of the catchment is situated in the Aukstaiciai Upland and the Western Aukstaiciai Plateau. The surface of the catchment was formed by Quaternary ice sheets that deposited a moraine layer 100-200 m, the thick topographic relief dating to the late Nemunas (Weichselian) Glaciation phases. The eastern part of catchment was formed in the East Lithuanian Phase, the middle part in the South Lithuanian Phase and the western part in the Middle Lithuanian Phase. The catchment surface is composed of three different genetic relief types: the ice-marginal deposits of the East Lithuanian Phase, represented by small hills; the middle part of the Sventoji catchment, transected by a few ice-marginal ridges of the South Lithuanian Phase which form small hills; and the western part of the catchment is transected by a few asymmetric ridges of the Middle Lithuanian Phase. The eastern part dominantly comprises ice-marginal deposits with glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial intercalation; the middle part comprises variable glaciolacustrine, basal moraine and ice-marginal deposits; the western part by basal moraine and ice-marginal deposits. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
307629 | Theory and Algorithms for Adaptive Particle Simulation | During the twentieth century, the development of macroscopic engineering has been largely stimulated by progress in digital prototyping: cars, planes, boats, etc. are nowadays designed and tested on computers. Digital prototypes have progressively replaced actual ones, and effective computer-aided engineering tools have helped cut costs and reduce production cycles of these macroscopic systems.
The twenty-first century is most likely to see a similar development at the atomic scale. Indeed, the recent years have seen tremendous progress in nanotechnology - in particular in the ability to control matter at the atomic scale. Similar to what has happened with macroscopic engineering, powerful and generic computational tools will be needed to engineer complex nanosystems, through modeling and simulation. As a result, a major challenge is to develop efficient simulation methods and algorithms.
NANO-D, the INRIA research group I started in January 2008 in Grenoble, France, aims at developing
efficient computational methods for modeling and simulating complex nanosystems, both natural and artificial. In particular, NANO-D develops SAMSON, a software application which gathers all algorithms designed by the group and its collaborators (SAMSON: Software for Adaptive Modeling and Simulation Of Nanosystems).
In this project, I propose to develop a unified theory, and associated algorithms, for adaptive particle simulation. The proposed theory will avoid problems that plague current popular multi-scale or hybrid simulation approaches by simulating a single potential throughout the system, while allowing users to finely trade precision for computational speed.
I believe the full development of the adaptive particle simulation theory will have an important impact on current modeling and simulation practices, and will enable practical design of complex nanosystems on desktop computers, which should significantly boost the emergence of generic nano-engineering. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1111/jeea.12023 | Outsourcing when investments are specific and interrelated | Using the universe of large Canadian manufacturing firms in 1988 and 1996, we investigate to what extent outsourcing patterns concord with the predictions of a simple property rights model. The unique availability of disaggregate information on outputs as well as inputs permits the construction of a detailed measure of vertical integration. We rely on five measures of technological intensity to proxy for investments that are likely to be specific to a buyer-seller relationship. A theoretical model that allows for varying degrees of investment specificity and interrelatedness-externalities between buyer and supplier investments-guides the analysis. Property rights predictions on the link between investment intensities and optimal ownership are strongly supported, but only for transactions with low interrelatedness. High specificity and low risk of appropriation strengthen the predictions in the model and in the data. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1038/ncb2842 | Kinetic framework of spindle assembly checkpoint signalling | The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase onset until all chromosomes have attached to both spindle poles. Here, we investigated SAC signalling kinetics in response to acute detachment of individual chromosomes using laser microsurgery. Most detached chromosomes delayed anaphase until they had realigned to the metaphase plate. A substantial fraction of cells, however, entered anaphase in the presence of unaligned chromosomes. We identify two mechanisms by which cells can bypass the SAC: first, single unattached chromosomes inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) less efficiently than a full complement of unattached chromosomes; second, because of the relatively slow kinetics of re-imposing APC/C inhibition during metaphase, cells were unresponsive to chromosome detachment up to several minutes before anaphase onset. Our study defines when cells irreversibly commit to enter anaphase and shows that the SAC signal strength correlates with the number of unattached chromosomes. Detailed knowledge about SAC signalling kinetics is important for understanding the emergence of aneuploidy and the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics targeting the mitotic spindle. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/nmeth.2691 | Detergent-free mass spectrometry of membrane protein complexes | We developed a method that allows release of intact membrane protein complexes from amphipols, bicelles and nanodiscs in the gas phase for observation by mass spectrometry (MS). Current methods involve release of membrane protein complexes from detergent micelles, which reveals subunit composition and lipid binding. We demonstrated that oligomeric complexes or proteins requiring defined lipid environments are stabilized to a greater extent in the absence of detergent. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
Q4111275 | ARTICC | PROJETO N.º 088610200363 — CENTROCLINIC E LÍDER DE DIAGNÓSTICO G.B. MORGAGNI SRL*VIADEL BOSCO, 105* ASSOCIAÇÃO DE BIOMOLECOLEESTRATTE DE LARANJAS VERMELHAS SICILIANAS PARA REDUZIR OS EFEITOS SECUNDÁRIOS DA TERAPÊUTICA CONTRA O CANCRO (ARTICC — ARANCEROSSE EM TERAPIA ONCOLÓGICA INTEGRADA) | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.003 | Myocardial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells: Rapid production of human heart grafts | Genome editing on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) together with the development of protocols for organ decellularization opens the door to the generation of autologous bioartificial hearts. Here we sought to generate for the first time a fluorescent reporter human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line by means of Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) to efficiently produce cardiomyocyte-like cells (CLCs) from hPSCs and repopulate decellularized human heart ventricles for heart engineering. In our hands, targeting myosin heavy chain locus (MYH6) with mCherry fluorescent reporter by TALEN technology in hESCs did not alter major pluripotent-related features, and allowed for the definition of a robust protocol for CLCs production also from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 14 days. hPSCs-derived CLCs (hPSCs-CLCs) were next used to recellularize acellular cardiac scaffolds. Electrophysiological responses encountered when hPSCs-CLCs were cultured on ventricular decellularized extracellular matrix (vdECM) correlated with significant increases in the levels of expression of different ion channels determinant for calcium homeostasis and heart contractile function. Overall, the approach described here allows for the rapid generation of human cardiac grafts from hPSCs, in a total of 24 days, providing a suitable platform for cardiac engineering and disease modeling in the human setting. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/stx2793 | KiDS-450: Cosmological constraints from weak-lensing peak statistics - II: Inference from shear peaks using N-body simulations | We study the statistics of peaks in a weak-lensing reconstructed mass map of the first 450 deg2 of the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS-450). The map is computed with aperture masses directly applied to the shear field with an NFW-like compensated filter. We compare the peak statistics in the observations with that of simulations for various cosmologies to constrain the cosmological parameter S8 = σ8 √ Ωm/0. 3, which probes the (Ωm, σ8) plane perpendicularly to its main degeneracy. We estimate S8 = 0. 750 ± 0. 059, using peaks in the signal-to-noise range 0 ≤ S/N ≤ 4, and accounting for various systematics, such as multiplicative shear bias, mean redshift bias, baryon feedback, intrinsic alignment, and shear-position coupling. These constraints are~25 per cent tighter than the constraints from the high significance peaks alone (3 ≤ S/N ≤ 4) which typically trace single-massive haloes. This demonstrates the gain of information from low-S/N peaks. However, we find that including S/N < 0 peaks does not add further information. Our results are in good agreement with the tomographic shear two-point correlation function measurement in KiDS-450. Combining shear peaks with nontomographic measurements of the shear two-point correlation functions yields a ~20 per cent improvement in the uncertainty on S8 compared to the shear two-point correlation functions alone, highlighting the great potential of peaks as a cosmological probe. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
interreg_2344 | New tools for monitoring the chemical status of transitional and coastal waters in the WFD | The protection of waters in Europe is regulated by the Water Framework Directive (WFD), which is mandatory for all European Union members. Significant progress has been made in the use of passive sampling devices for routine monitoring, but some barriers remain that prevent regulatory acceptance of passive sampling devices for checking compliance under the WFD. Adaptation of environmental quality standards suitable for passive sampling devices will allow their use to evaluate the chemical status of waters under the WFD.
The main driver of the MONITOOL project is to respond to European Directive demands for the assessment of chemical status of transitional and coastal waters. The quantification of WFD priority substances and emerging contaminants is of capital importance to implement the European policies for the protection of the marine environment. However, in many cases it is very difficult or even impossible, by traditional techniques and there is an urgent need to find accurate, reliable, easy and cost-efficient alternatives.
This project is deemed to be very pragmatic by adapting suitable environmental quality standards for priority and specific metals, to allow the use of passive sampling devices in a regulatory context, enhancing the implementation of the WFD and demonstrating the cross-regional (Canaries – Highlands and Islands) applicability of passive sampling devices in water monitoring and assessment by co-deployment of these devices and spot samples. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2102542969 | The use of mechanical restraint with people who engage in severe self-injurious behaviour: impact on support staff | Purpose – There continues to be a small group of people who have intellectual disabilities who need some form of restraint in their support plan due to their self-injurious behaviour. The mechanical restraint restricts their freedom of movement to help prevent injury. Despite the growing literature on the use of such devices, there is very limited literature looking at the impact the use of mechanical restraints has upon service users and support staff using them. The aim of this study was to ascertain the experiences of support staff who apply the restraints to the people they support. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative methodology was utilised. A semi-structured interview was conducted with nine support workers who: directly worked with a client with intellectual disabilities who engage in self-injurious behaviours; followed positive behavioural support plans developed with a multi-disciplinary team; applied restraints as a response to severe self-injurious behaviours to prevent harm; and they ha... | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
173335 | Tailorfit; the integrated “made to measure” workflow automation for menswear | The project targets all luxury fashion firms that specifically manufacture classic menswear clothing (i.e. shirts, jackets, pants, coats...) and propose its personalisation. On one hand, personalisation is a great opportunity to provide the final clients with the cloths they desire, but on the other luxury fashion houses are facing the increasing need of having some automated solutions that will help them in creating ""customized product"" in a faster lead time. In fact all fashion houses manufacturing menswear are focused on providing Made to Measure products to their customers, because it increases their revenues, but at the same time this also increases their costs. An integrated and automated management of the whole value chain will decrease the lead time, increase customization application and decrease costs.
Crea Solution Srl proposes the TailorFit solution that will dramatically accelerate the timing of the whole process, by managing every step of the cloths manufacturing: 1) Acquisition of body measures and selection of the type of clothing, collected in a store anywhere in the world or online, 2) Outfit design: data are sent to an intelligent CAD-based system that will generate the optimal person-tailored outfit design starting from the chosen cloths model, 3) Outfit manufacturing: a software will identify the optimized fabric cut according to the tissue and its physical characteristics (i.e. the deformation of the fabric) and then will cut it rapidly allowing time and fabric savings.
TailorFit solution is innovative compared to existing ones as those do not provide the management of the entire process, but rather they separate it into parts, do not allow customers to have an integration with the web, do not handle the perfect cut of fabrics and cutting times are operational only for striped fabrics and paintings.
| [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201908154 | Towards Reliable and Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS): From Key Parameters to Good Analytical Practice | Experimental results obtained in different laboratories world-wide by researchers using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can differ significantly. We, an international team of scientists with long-standing expertise in SERS, address this issue from our perspective by presenting considerations on reliable and quantitative SERS. The central idea of this joint effort is to highlight key parameters and pitfalls that are often encountered in the literature. To that end, we provide here a series of recommendations on: a) the characterization of solid and colloidal SERS substrates by correlative electron and optical microscopy and spectroscopy, b) on the determination of the SERS enhancement factor (EF), including suitable Raman reporter/probe molecules, and finally on c) good analytical practice. We hope that both newcomers and specialists will benefit from these recommendations to increase the inter-laboratory comparability of experimental SERS results and further establish SERS as an analytical tool. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1007/s10858-013-9787-x | Amplitudes and time scales of picosecond-to-microsecond motion in proteins studied by solid-state NMR: A critical evaluation of experimental approaches and application to crystalline ubiquitin | Solid-state NMR provides insight into protein motion over time scales ranging from picoseconds to seconds. While in solution state the methodology to measure protein dynamics is well established, there is currently no such consensus protocol for measuring dynamics in solids. In this article, we perform a detailed investigation of measurement protocols for fast motions, i. e. motions ranging from picoseconds to a few microseconds, which is the range covered by dipolar coupling and relaxation experiments. We perform a detailed theoretical investigation how dipolar couplings and relaxation data can provide information about amplitudes and time scales of local motion. We show that the measurement of dipolar couplings is crucial for obtaining accurate motional parameters, while systematic errors are found when only relaxation data are used. Based on this realization, we investigate how the REDOR experiment can provide such data in a very accurate manner. We identify that with accurate rf calibration, and explicit consideration of rf field inhomogeneities, one can obtain highly accurate absolute order parameters. We then perform joint model-free analyses of 6 relaxation data sets and dipolar couplings, based on previously existing, as well as new data sets on microcrystalline ubiquitin. We show that nanosecond motion can be detected primarily in loop regions, and compare solid-state data to solution-state relaxation and RDC analyses. The protocols investigated here will serve as a useful basis towards the establishment of a routine protocol for the characterization of ps-μs motions in proteins by solid-state NMR. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W4226116907 | Les stigmates de la vertu | À partir d’une enquête auprès de managers de la diversité dans les régions de New York et de Paris, cet article prend pour objet les formes de légitimation de la diversité dans les grandes entreprises. Il montre à quel point la diversité demeure une catégorie ambivalente, simultanément inscrite dans l’univers gestionnaire et suspectée d’y introduire des éléments hétéronomes. À New York comme à Paris, la légitimation de la diversité repose sur des arrangements organisationnels qui contribuent à euphémiser ses connotations politiques indésirables (sa proximité avec des discours critiques, son association à des conflits de valeurs, ses liens avec des injonctions de puissance publique, et même son orientation civique). Les efforts organisationnels de dépolitisation de la diversité diffèrent toutefois dans les deux contextes. Aux États-Unis, ils se traduisent par l’affirmation d’une stricte frontière fonctionnelle entre respect du droit anti-discriminatoire et management de la diversité, et par la mise en scène quotidienne de la contribution de la diversité au profit immédiatement mesurable. Sur le terrain français, la dépolitisation de la diversité s’appuie plutôt sur les attributs des responsables diversité (non-spécialisation, blanchité, masculinité), qui signalent leur distance aux visions partielles et partiales de la diversité. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
682665 | Foetal Intestinal Stem Cells in Biology and Health | There is currently no medical cure for the millions of individuals affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These patients suffer from bleeding along the gastrointestinal tract due to epithelial ulceration, which causes severe abdominal pain, diarrhoea and malnutrition. This is due to the severely compromised integrity of the intestinal epithelium. I propose that patients with IBD will benefit from an intestinal epithelial transplant.
The objectives of this research programme are two fold. Firstly, I propose to perform preclinical testing of human intestinal epithelium to pave the way for their inclusion in clinical trials for IBD patients. This will be based on a combination of state-of-the-art cell culture methods with novel transplantation methodology. By combining analysis of intestinal epithelial cells from various developmental stages, I will be able to identify the most suitable source for transplantation and define how adult stem cells are specified in the tissue. Secondly, I will utilise an in vitro culture system to identify the transcriptional networks responsible for the maturation of the foetal intestinal epithelium. Tissue maturation currently constitutes a major roadblock in regenerative medicine as cells derived from foetal and pluripotent stem cells have foetal properties. Understanding this process will therefore improve our ability to generate sustainable sources of cells for transplantation, which is pivotal for future therapies relying on regenerative medicine and in vitro modelling of disease
The proposed research programme will have significant clinical and biological impact. Clinically, it provides the framework for initiating clinical trials for patients with IBD and protocols to obtain mature adult epithelium for in vitro disease modelling. From a biological perspective, we will gain insights into how specific signalling networks maintain specific cell states and dictate tissue maturation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
US 2015/0023154 W | DEEP DIMMING OF AN LED-BASED ILLUMINATION DEVICE | An LED based illumination device is dimmed by controlling an average current supplied to the LED based illumination device. The currently supplied to the LED may be supplied by an LED driver that is in communication with a dimming control engine. The dimming control engine may receive an indication of a desired average current level. The dimming control engine controls the LED driver to periodically switch a current supplied to an LED of the LED based illumination device from a high state to a low state over a switching period, wherein both a duration of the switching period is adjusted and a ratio of a time in the high state to a time in the low state is adjusted as the average current supplied to the LED based illumination device transitions from a first average current level to the desired average current level. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W1175815045 | Investigating the onset of multi-ring impact basin formation | Multi-ring basins represent some of the largest, oldest, rarest and, therefore, least understood impact crater structures. Various theories have been put forward to explain their formation; there is currently, however, no consensus. Here, numerical modeling is used to investigate the onset of multi-ring basin formation on the Moon using two thermal profiles suitable for the lunar basin-forming epoch. Various multi-ring basin formation hypotheses are discussed, compared, and evaluated against target deformation and strain distribution in the models, as well as geological and geophysical observations. The mechanism that most closely resembles the numerical models in terms of basin formation and structure, as well as observations, appears to be the ring tectonic theory, whereby ring formation is dependent on transient cavities penetrating entirely through the Moon’s lithosphere into the asthenosphere below. The numerical models suggest that all lunar basins larger than Schrodinger (320 km diameter) should be capable of forming multiple rings, as their transient cavities penetrate into the asthenosphere for both thermal profiles. Additionally, the models demonstrate that the target’s thermal profile starts to influence basin formation and structure when impact energy exceeds that of the Schrodinger event. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
216681 | Perception–Action based design for urban accessibility: principles for inclusive design grounded in an understanding of first-person control of locomotion in the urban setting | The project will translate basic research in cognitive science to problems in urban planning and design. It will employ empirical and theoretical methods to deliver a set of design recommendations addressing the question: how can we design urban spaces that are accessible to all?
The basic research question is: how does an individual perceive that a road is crossable? The empirical programme, to be carried out at the University of Cincinnati, will proceed from an analysis of the attentional structure inherent to specific road-crossing tasks. Using virtual-reality, it will investigate, (1) how pedestrians decide whether it is safe to begin crossing under conditions of uncertainty about future movements of other road-users, and (2) how pedestrians negotiate junctions where safe locomotion requires an awareness of vehicles that may be approaching from multiple directions, including from behind. This will enable the creation of new measurement techniques, including measures of head turns and whole-body acceleration as indexes of perceptual uncertainty.
The project's theoretical programme, to be developed primarily at UCL's Bartlett School of Architecture, will generate a set of tools for guiding and analysing the design of roads. The project will culminate with the delivery of a document aimed at designers, presenting a set of recommendations for building accessible urban spaces. These recommendations will be based on a coherent, empirically-grounded understanding of the perceptual processes involved, and will be of particular relevance for designing infrastructure schemes where traffic modalities interact, for which existing guidelines can often be inadequate or unclear, e.g. for cycle lanes, pedestrian crossings, and shared spaces. This project, and the training envisaged, will allow me to establish myself as an expert in action-oriented psychological concepts and their real-world applications. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.5194/bg-7-3139-2010 | The most oligotrophic subtropical zones of the global ocean: similarities and differences in terms of chlorophyll and yellow substance | Abstract. The cores of the subtropical anticyclonic gyres are characterized by their oligotrophic status and minimal chlorophyll concentration, compared to that of the whole ocean. These zones are unambiguously detected by space borne ocean color sensors thanks to their typical spectral reflectance, which is that of extremely clear and deep blue waters. Not only the low chlorophyll (denoted [Chl]) level, but also a reduced amount of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM or "yellow substance") account for this clarity. The oligotrophic waters of the North and South Pacific gyres, the North and South Atlantic gyres, and the South Indian gyre have been comparatively studied with respect to both [Chl] and CDOM contents, by using 10-year data (1998–2007) of the Sea-viewing Wide field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS, NASA). Albeit similar these oligotrophic zones are not identical regarding their [Chl] and CDOM contents, as well as their seasonal cycles. According to the zone, the averaged [Chl] value varies from 0. 026 to 0. 059 mg m−3, whereas the ay(443) average (the absorption coefficient due to CDOM at 443 nm) is between 0. 0033 and 0. 0072 m−1. The CDOM-to-[Chl] relative proportions also differ between the zones. The clearest waters, corresponding to the lowest [Chl] and CDOM concentrations, are found near Easter Island and near Mariana Islands in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean. In spite of its low [Chl], the Sargasso Sea presents the highest CDOM content amongst the six zones studied. Except in the North Pacific gyre (near Mariana and south of Hawaii islands), a conspicuous seasonality appears to be the rule in the other 4 gyres and affects both [Chl] and CDOM; both quantities vary in a ratio of about 2 (maximum-to-minimum). Coinciding [Chl] and CDOM peaks occur just after the local winter solstice, which is also the period of the maximal mixed layer depth in these latitudes. It is hypothesized that the vertical transport of unbleached CDOM from the subthermocline layers is the main process enhancing the CDOM concentration within the upper layer in winter. In summer, the CDOM experiences its minimum which is delayed with respect to the [Chl] minimum; apparently, the solar photo-bleaching of CDOM is a slower process than the post-bloom algal Chl decay. Where they exist, the seasonal cycles are repeated without notable change from year to year. Long term (10 y) trends have not been detected in these zones. These oligotrophic gyres can conveniently be used for in-flight calibration and comparison of ocean color sensors, provided that their marked seasonal variations are accounted for. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/s00220-017-2950-6 | Mixing Properties of Stochastic Quantum Hamiltonians | Random quantum processes play a central role both in the study of fundamental mixing processes in quantum mechanics related to equilibration, thermalisation and fast scrambling by black holes, as well as in quantum process design and quantum information theory. In this work, we present a framework describing the mixing properties of continuous-time unitary evolutions originating from local Hamiltonians having time-fluctuating terms, reflecting a Brownian motion on the unitary group. The induced stochastic time evolution is shown to converge to a unitary design. As a first main result, we present bounds to the mixing time. By developing tools in representation theory, we analytically derive an expression for a local k-th moment operator that is entirely independent of k, giving rise to approximate unitary k-designs and quantum tensor product expanders. As a second main result, we introduce tools for proving bounds on the rate of decoupling from an environment with random quantum processes. By tying the mathematical description closely with the more established one of random quantum circuits, we present a unified picture for analysing local random quantum and classes of Markovian dissipative processes, for which we also discuss applications. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.09.021 | Bioengineered AAV Capsids with Combined High Human Liver Transduction In Vivo and Unique Humoral Seroreactivity | Existing recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotypes for delivering in vivo gene therapy treatments for human liver diseases have not yielded combined high-level human hepatocyte transduction and favorable humoral neutralization properties in diverse patient groups. Yet, these combined properties are important for therapeutic efficacy. To bioengineer capsids that exhibit both unique seroreactivity profiles and functionally transduce human hepatocytes at therapeutically relevant levels, we performed multiplexed sequential directed evolution screens using diverse capsid libraries in both primary human hepatocytes in vivo and with pooled human sera from thousands of patients. AAV libraries were subjected to five rounds of in vivo selection in xenografted mice with human livers to isolate an enriched human-hepatotropic library that was then used as input for a sequential on-bead screen against pooled human immunoglobulins. Evolved variants were vectorized and validated against existing hepatotropic serotypes. Two of the evolved AAV serotypes, NP40 and NP59, exhibited dramatically improved functional human hepatocyte transduction in vivo in xenografted mice with human livers, along with favorable human seroreactivity profiles, compared with existing serotypes. These novel capsids represent enhanced vector delivery systems for future human liver gene therapy applications. Paulk et al. performed sequential directed evolution screens of AAV capsid libraries in primary human hepatocytes in vivo and against human sera from thousands of patients. Resultant capsid variants AAV-NP40, AAV-NP59, and AAV-NP84 exhibit unique seroreactivity and significantly increase functional human hepatocyte transduction in vivo compared to existing hepatotropic serotypes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP09(2013)142 | Polchinski Strassler Does Not Uplift Klebanov Strassler | Anti-D3-branes at the tip of the Klebanov-Strassler solution with D3-charge dissolved in fluxes give rise, in the probe approximation, to a metastable state. The fully back-reacted smeared solution has singular three-form fluxes in the IR, whose presence suggests a stringy resolution by brane polarization a la Polchinski-Strassler. In this paper we show that there is no polarization into anti-D5-branes wrapping the $S^2$ of the conifold at a finite radius. The singularities therefore do not seem to be physical, signaling that antibranes cannot be used to uplift AdS and obtain a very large landscape of de Sitter vacua in string theory. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1111/jvs.12844 | Edge influence on understorey plant communities depends on forest management | Questions: Does the influence of forest edges on plant species richness and composition depend on forest management? Do forest specialists and generalists show contrasting patterns?. Location: Mesic, deciduous forests across Europe. Methods: Vegetation surveys were performed in forests with three management types (unthinned, thinned 5–10 years ago and recently thinned) along a macroclimatic gradient from Italy to Norway. In each of 45 forests, we established five vegetation plots along a south-facing edge-to-interior gradient (n = 225). Forest specialist, generalist and total species richness, as well as evenness and proportion of specialists, were tested as a function of the management type and distance to the edge while accounting for several environmental variables (e. g. landscape composition and soil characteristics). Magnitude and distance of edge influence were estimated for species richness per management type. Results: Greatest total species richness was found in thinned forests. Edge influence on generalist plant species richness was contingent on the management type, with the smallest decrease in species richness from the edge-to-interior in unthinned forests. In addition, generalist richness increased with the proportion of forests in the surrounding landscape and decreased in forests dominated by tree species that cast more shade. Forest specialist species richness, however, was not affected by management type or distance to the edge, and only increased with pH and increasing proportion of forests in the landscape. Conclusions: Forest thinning affects the plant community composition along edge-to-interior transects of European forests, with richness of forest specialists and generalists responding differently. Therefore, future studies should take the forest management into account when interpreting edge-to-interior because both modify the microclimate, soil processes and deposition of polluting aerosols. This interaction is key to predict the effects of global change on forest plants in landscapes characterized by the mosaic of forest patches and agricultural land that is typical for Europe. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
interreg_3459 | Smart Urban Reuse Flagship Alliances in Central Europe | Large volumes of waste & waste water, poor air and water quality, high levels of ambient noise, lack of integrated environmental management are relevant issues in functional urban areas. Reuse is a highly relevant approach to tackle them. Despite recent improvements at transnational level there is still a highly fragmented decision making landscape in this field. SURFACE’s main objective is to improve environmental management & quality of life of functional urban areas through the establishment of Multi-Stakeholder based Smart Re-Use parks as a possible solution for increasing sustainability in selected functional urban areas. The change consists in the availability of a harmonized & evidence based decision making setting in the field of waste prevention & reuse in CE area where: 1) reuse & waste prevention options become integrated options of environmental management strategies & action plans, 2) urban decision makers can share decisions, 3) multi-stakeholder cooperation schemes and Smart ReUse Parks Action Plans can be shared and used; 4) tested & validated Pilots can be studied and 5) an increased set of immediately usable instruments be adopted through twinning training schemes. 7 outputs guide to this change: 1 Menu of Modular Reuse and Synergic oriented Urban Practices in Waste Prevention, 2 A Multi-Stakeholder Permanent Forum on Urban Waste Prevention Plans, 3 Cooperation Matrix, 4 Regional Smart Reuse Park Action Plans,
5. Smart ReUse Parks Pilots,
6. Smart ReUse Parks Activation Tool, 7 Smart ReUse Twinning Scheme are. SURFACE innovative approach is based on 1) a participatory system / Multi-Stakeholder Permanent Forum on Urban Waste Prevention Plans, 2) an on-site, real case based delivery of Smart Re-Use Park services portfolio. SURFACE involves complementary & synergic partners in different small and medium-sized cities to contribute to the development of local waste prevention & reuse based environmental management strategies and plans. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1109/SPAWC.2016.7536776 | Spatially Resolved Sub Nyquist Sensing Of Multiband Signals With Arbitrary Antenna Arrays | In recent years it has been shown that wideband analog signals can be sampled significantly below the Nyquist rate without loss of information, provided that the unknown frequency support occupies only a small fraction of the overall bandwidth. The modulated wideband converter (MWC) is a particular architecture that implements this idea. In this paper we discuss how the use of antenna arrays allows to extend this concept towards spatially resolved wideband spectrum sensing by leveraging the sparsity in the angular-frequency domain. In our system each antenna element of the array is sampled at a sub-Nyquist rate by an individual MWC block. This results in a trade-off between the number of antennas and MWC channels per antenna. We derive bounds on the minimal total number of channels and minimal sampling rate required for perfect recovery of the 2D angular-frequency spectrum of the incoming signal and present a concrete reconstruction approach. The proposed system is applicable to arbitrary antenna arrays, provided that the array manifold is ambiguity-free. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
Q4428251 | Strengthening the position of the Webchefs brand as a result of increasing the scale of operations on foreign markets | SA 42799(2015/X) This project concerns industry program IV. — promotion of the IT/ICT industry. The project activities will focus on markets: Canada (America’s Perspective Market), Hong Kong (BRIC Prospective Market — China), Israel (Middle East Perspective Market), Portugal and Switzerland (European Market). As part of the project, 1st participation in fair events is planned: 09.2020 DLD Tel-Aviv, Israel 11.2020 Web Summit, Lisbon, Portugal 06.2021 Collision Toronto, Canada 03.2022 Hong Kong Rise, Hong Kong, China. 06.2022 Collision Toronto, Canada 2nd business mission to Zurich and Montreal, Lisbon (3 missions) 3. benefit from advice on the internationalisation of the company — effective entry into selected prospective markets (Hong Kong, Canada, Switzerland). 4. Complementary actions: — production and distribution of information and promotion materials: gdgets, company folders and business cards — production of multimedia materials: 4 promotional spots, — production of foreign press advertising, Internet advertising, advertising in trade and fair catalogues, — production and use of the promotional panel of the Polish Economy Brand in accordance with the requirements and guidelines of the Programme The indicated promotional materials will be used throughout the project implementation period as part of participation in the fair and outgoing business mission. The project will be co-financed by the Applicant’s own resources | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2599270095 | A Canonical Ranking of the Determinants of Share Price Liquidity | (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)INTRODUCTIONA major purpose of all secondary markets is to provide liquidity for the securities traded on those markets. Thus, organized exchanges add efficiency to the market, and they add to the level of liquidity for shares traded on those markets. There have been many studies on the subject of share price liquidity. Kemp (2014) explained clearly how share price liquidity (SPL) would be of paramount importance to traders, but of less importance to true investors. In addition, he provided alternative methods of computing SPL and raised the question: Do illiquid stocks typically trade at lower prices? His finding was that while it appears that such discounts do exist, quantifying them is difficult. Amihud, et al. (2005) reviewed the theories on how liquidity affects the required returns of capital assets, and the empirical studies that test those theories. The authors found that theory predicts that the level of liquidity is priced, and further that the results of empirical studies found that the effects of liquidity on asset prices to be statistically significant and economically important (Amihud, et al. (2005). It would not be difficult to argue that no investor, including institutional investors, will buy any security unless they have assurance that if the need arises, they can sell those securities.The metric used in this study to measure share price liquidity is the share turnover ratio (STR). It may be defined as:STR = The Average Daily Trading Volume / The total number of outstanding shares minus those shares owned by insiders and treasury stock retained by the company (Kemp 2014). (1)Where:The average trading volume can be the average for the past 30 days or the past 10 days. Both averages are given by Yahoo Finance.Issuing companies experience different levels of demand for their equity shares and thus different levels of liquidity. That demand is a function of the perception of investors at the margin (those who are willing and able to buy). Those investors trade off basic measures of risk and return to establish that demand.The purpose of this study is to establish a financial profile of those firms identified as having the highest share turnover ratios in the database of over 5000 firms created by (Damodaran 2014) from Bloomberg, Morningstar and Compustat. Specifically, the analysis will test for significant differences in the financial profiles of firms with the highest share turnover ratios and to compare those profiles with companies selected at random. If the two groups of firms have unique financial profiles, and the model can be validated without bias, it suggests that the profile may be used as a tool to forecast companies that will maintain high STR in future periods. The use of such a new tool to forecast higher levels of liquidity would have implications for investors, managers, lenders, investment counselors, and academicians.METHODOLOGYThe issues to be resolved are first, classification or prediction, and then evaluation of the accuracy of that classification. More specifically, can firms be assigned, on the basis of selected financial variables, to one of two groups: (1) firms that were identified as having the highest share turnover ratios in their database simply referred to here as highest (HSTR) or, Firms Randomly Chosen (FRC)? That is, the firms with the very highest ratios in the database were compared firms that were randomly chosen from that same database that did not qualify for the HSTR group.Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) provides a procedure for assigning firms to predetermined groupings based on variables or attributes whose values may depend on the group to which the firm actually belongs, and canonical correlation ranks those variables in order of their weighted effects on the results of the analysis. If the purpose of the study were simply to establish a financial profile of each group of firms, simple ratios would be adequate. … | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1145/2810103.2813722 | Optimal Distributed Password Verification | We present a highly efficient cryptographic protocol to protect user passwords against server compromise by distributing the capability to verify passwords over multiple servers. Password verification is a single-round protocol and requires from each server only one exponentiation in a prime-order group. In spite of its simplicity, our scheme boasts security against dynamic and transient corruptions, meaning that servers can be corrupted at any time and can recover from corruption by going through a non-interactive key refresh procedure. The users' passwords remain secure against offline dictionary attacks as long as not all servers are corrupted within the same time period between refreshes. The only currently known scheme to achieve such strong security guarantees incurs the considerable cost of several hundred exponentiations per server. We prove our scheme secure in the universal composability model, which is well-known to offer important benefits for password-based primitives, under the gap one-more Diffie-Hellman assumption in the random-oracle model. Server initialization and refresh must take place in a trusted execution environment. Initialization additionally requires a secure message to each server, but the refresh procedure is non-interactive. We show that these requirements are easily met in practice by providing an example deployment architecture. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/rs10091360 | Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry for surface deformation monitoring in low-land permafrost areas | Low-land permafrost areas are subject to intense freeze-thaw cycles and characterized by remarkable surface displacement. We used Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry (InSAR) in order to analyse the summer surface displacement over four spots in the Arctic and Antarctica since 2015. Choosing floodplain or outcrop areas as the reference for the InSAR relative deformation measurements, we found maximum subsidence of about 3 to 10 cm during the thawing season with generally high spatial variability. Sentinel-1 time-series of interferograms with 6-12 day time intervals highlight that subsidence is often occurring rather quickly within roughly one month in early summer. Intercomparison of summer subsidence from Sentinel-1 in 2017 with TerraSAR-X in 2013 over part of the Lena River Delta (Russia) shows a high spatial agreement between both SAR systems. A comparison with in-situ measurements for the summer of 2014 over the Lena River Delta indicates a pronounced downward movement of several centimetres in both cases but does not reveal a spatial correspondence between InSAR and local in-situ measurements. For the reconstruction of longer time-series of deformation, yearly Sentinel-1 interferograms from the end of the summer were considered. However, in order to infer an effective subsidence of the surface through melting of excess ice layers over multi-annual scales with Sentinel-1, a longer observation time period is necessary. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nrg3094 | Emerging biomedical applications of synthetic biology | Synthetic biology aims to create functional devices, systems and organisms with novel and useful functions on the basis of catalogued and standardized biological building blocks. Although they were initially constructed to elucidate the dynamics of simple processes, designed devices now contribute to the understanding of disease mechanisms, provide novel diagnostic tools, enable economic production of therapeutics and allow the design of novel strategies for the treatment of cancer, immune diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and gout, as well as a range of infectious diseases. In this Review, we cover the impact and potential of synthetic biology for biomedical applications. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/2014PA002696 | Progressive shoaling of the equatorial Pacific thermocline over the last eight glacial periods | The depth of equatorial Pacific thermocline is diagnostic of the main modes of tropical climates. Past estimates of Pacific thermocline dynamics have been reconstructed either for the Last Glacial Maximum or on longer timescales at low resolution. Here we document a new high-resolution set of reconstructed past sea surface and subsurface waters temperatures from the southwestern subequatorial Pacific, core MD05-2930, in the Gulf of Papua, over the last 800 ka. We used two morphotypes of Globigerinoides ruber known to live at different water depths to reconstruct past stratification. We estimated calcification temperature of each morphotypes by Mg/Ca paleothermometry. Our subequatorial Pacific thermocline paleotemperature record indicates a response of the thermocline to both direct orbital forcing and glacial-interglacial changes. Our stratification record shows a systematic shallower glacial thermocline, whereas sea surface temperatures are characterized by precessional forcing. The record is indicative of a progressive long-term shoaling of the thermocline during the glacial stages during the late Pleistocene. The shoaling of the subequatorial Pacific thermocline is consistent with regional estimates. An enhanced South Pacific shallow overturning wind-driven circulation could have driven this progressive shoaling. We speculate that this late Pleistocene glacial shoaling of the thermocline could be related to an increase in the amplitude of the obliquity. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.5194/esd-6-781-2015 | The tropical Atlantic surface wind divergence belt and its effect on clouds | A well-defined surface wind divergence (SWD) belt with distinct cloud properties forms over the equatorial Atlantic during the boreal summer months. This belt separates the deep convective clouds of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) from the shallow marine stratocumulus cloud decks forming over the cold-water subtropical region of the southern branch of the Hadley cell in the Atlantic. Using the QuikSCAT-SeaWinds and Aqua-MODIS instruments, we examined the large-scale spatiotemporal variability in the SWD belt during a 6-year period (2003-2008) and the related links to cloud properties over the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic SWD belt was found to be most pronounced from May to August, between the Equator and 2°N latitude. A positive correlation and a strong link were observed between formation of the SWD belt and a sharp sea-surface temperature gradient on the northern border of the cold tongue, supporting Wallace's vertical-mixing mechanism. The dominant cloud type over this region was shallow cumulus. Cloud properties were shown to be strongly linked to the formation and strength of the SWD zone. The findings will help to understand the link between ocean-atmosphere dynamics and cloud properties over this region, and suggest that the SWD zone be considered a unique cloud belt of the southern branch of the Atlantic Hadley cell. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
RU 9800212 W | IMMUNO-MODULATING PREPARATION CONTAINING INTERLEUKIN-1 AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME | The present invention relates to a preparation which is a mixture comprising human serum-albumin and interleukin-1beta in a weight ratio of 20-60:1. This preparation may also contain lactose in a dose of between 1 and 3 mg for 1 mu g of preparation. As shown by experiments, this preparation is capable of stimulating leukopoiesis in conditions where it is strongly inhibited by a toxic leukopenia, including a febrile neutropenia, related to the use of separate cytostatics or combinations thereof when treating malignant tumours. This preparation has an efficient therapeutic action in the case of leukopenia induced by the action of ionising radiation, and also has radio-protection properties. This preparation has an immuno-stimulating action which is strongly expressed, and can be used for treating secondary immuno-deficiency conditions due to surgical interventions or traumas. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1093/molbev/msw096 | The Footprint of Polygenic Adaptation on Stress-Responsive Cis-Regulatory Divergence in the Arabidopsis Genus | Adaptation of a complex trait often requires the accumulation of many modifications to finely tune its underpinning molecular components to novel environmental requirements. The investigation of cis-acting regulatory modifications can be used to pinpoint molecular systems partaking in such complex adaptations. Here, we identify cis-acting modifications with the help of an interspecific crossing scheme designed to distinguish modifications derived in each of the two sister species, Arabidopsis halleri and A. lyrata. Allele-specific expression levels were assessed in three environmental conditions chosen to reflect interspecific ecological differences: cold exposure, dehydration, and standard conditions. The functions described by Gene Ontology categories enriched in cis-acting mutations are markedly different in A. halleri and A. lyrata, suggesting that polygenic adaptation reshaped distinct polygenic molecular functions in the two species. In the A. halleri lineage, an excess of cis-acting changes affecting metal transport and homeostasis was observed, confirming that the well-known heavy metal tolerance of this species is the result of polygenic selection. In A. lyrata, we find a marked excess of cis-acting changes among genes showing a transcriptional response to cold stress in the outgroup species A. thaliana. The adaptive relevance of these changes will have to be validated. We finally observed that polygenic molecular functions enriched in derived cis-acting changes are more constrained at the amino acid level. Using the distribution of cis-acting variation to tackle the polygenic basis of adaptation thus reveals the contribution of mutations of small effect to Darwinian adaptation. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
EP 9302874 W | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A CALCITONIN | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a calcitonin and a polyglycolysed glyceride. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201832739 | Isochrone Fitting In The Gaia Era | Context. Currently galactic exploration is being revolutionized by a flow of new data: Gaia provides measurements of stellar distances and kinematics; growing numbers of spectroscopic surveys provide values of stellar atmospheric parameters and abundances of elements; and Kepler and K2 missions provide asteroseismic information for an increasing number of stars. Aims. In this work we aim to determine stellar distances and ages using Gaia and spectrophotometric data in a consistent way. We estimate precisions of age and distance determinations with Gaia end-of-mission and TGAS parallax precisions. Methods. To this end we incorporated parallax and extinction data into the isochrone fitting method used in the Unified tool to estimate Distances, Ages, and Masses (UniDAM). We prepared datasets that allowed us to study the improvement of distance and age estimates with the inclusion of TGAS and Gaia end-of-mission parallax precisions in isochrone fitting. Results. Using TGAS parallaxes in isochrone fitting we are able to reduce distance and age estimate uncertainties for TGAS stars for distances up to 1 kpc by more than one third, compared to results based only on spectrophotometric data. With Gaia end-of-mission parallaxes in isochrone fitting we will be able to further decrease our distance uncertainties by about a factor of 20 and age uncertainties by a factor of two for stars up to 10 kpc away from the Sun. Conclusions. We demonstrate that we will be able to improve our distance estimates for about one third of stars in spectroscopic surveys and to decrease log(age) uncertainties by about a factor of two for over 80% of stars as compared to the uncertainties obtained without parallax priors using Gaia end-of-mission parallaxes consistently with spectrophotometry in isochrone fitting . | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2077492764 | Interdependencies of aortic arch secondary flow patterns, geometry, and age analysed by 4-dimensional phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla | ObjectiveIt was the aim to analyse the impact of age, aortic arch geometry, and size on secondary flow patterns such as helix and vortex flow derived from flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (4D PC-MRI).Methods62 subjects (age range = 20–80 years) without circumscribed pathologies of the thoracic aorta (ascending aortic (AAo) diameter: 3.2 ± 0.6 cm [range 2.2–5.1]) were examined by 4D PC-MRI after IRB-approval and written informed consent. Blood flow visualisation based on streamlines and time-resolved 3D particle traces was performed. Aortic diameter, shape (gothic, crook-shaped, cubic), angle, and age were correlated with existence and extent of secondary flow patterns (helicity, vortices); statistical modelling was performed.ResultsHelical flow was the typical pattern in standard crook-shaped aortic arches. With altered shapes and increasing age, helicity was less common. AAo diameter and age had the highest correlation (r = 0.69 and 0.68, respectively) with number of detected vortices. None of the other arch geometric or demographic variables (for all, P ≥ 0.177) improved statistical modelling.ConclusionSubstantially different secondary flow patterns can be observed in the normal thoracic aorta. Age and the AAo diameter were the parameters correlating best with presence and amount of vortices. Findings underline the importance of age- and geometry-matched control groups for haemodynamic studies.Key Points• Secondary blood flow patterns (helices, vortices) are commonly observed in the aorta • Secondary flow patterns predominantly depend on patient age and aortic diameter • Geometric factors show a lesser impact on blood flow patterns than age and diameter • Future analyses of flow patterns should incorporate age- and diameter dependencies | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-42686-0_13 | Moulding Citizenship Urban Water And The Dis Appearing Kampungs | Establishing a modern domestic water management system in Batavia, colonial Jakarta, involved struggles over territories between different actors. The multifaceted territorial character of managing water and land reveals the highly contested notion of citizenship as there were continuous processes of service inclusion and exclusion within complex interactions among different state institutions, the private sector and communities. While the twentieth century colonial government addressed water and sanitation issues as part of modernity projects, urban kampung communities simultaneously used diverse socio-ecological networks to meet their water and sanitation needs. However, their strategies did not always comply with the modern sanitation standards idealised by the colonial state. The existence of Batavia’s kampungs preceding and following the inception of modern planning system reflects their capability of undergoing socio-spatial transformations within the contexts of limited state intervention on the provision of basic services and under the condition of unequal spatial development processes. The kampung dynamics seem to call into question the existing form of state-led management systems in providing water and sanitation services. The systems pretty much favour the marketisation agenda at the operational level, while keep idealising universal access to services at the discursive level despite the exclusionary nature of infrastructure planning. The persistence of kampungs has likely proven their socio-ecological relevance, and potentially forms the foundation of an alternative paradigm of citizenship for an improved governance system in the urban water sector. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1093/sysbio/syw064 | SpeciesGeoCoder: Fast categorization of species occurrences for analyses of biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, and evolution | Understanding the patterns and processes underlying the uneven distribution of biodiversity across space constitutes a major scientific challenge in systematic biology and biogeography, which largely relies on effectively mapping and making sense of rapidly increasing species occurrence data. There is thus an urgent need for making the process of coding species into spatial units faster, automated, transparent, and reproducible. Here we present SpeciesGeoCoder, an open-source software package written in Python and R, that allows for easy coding of species into user-defined operational units. These units may be of any size and be purely spatial (i. e. , polygons) such as countries and states, conservation areas, biomes, islands, biodiversity hotspots, and areas of endemism, but may also include elevation ranges. This flexibility allows scoring species into complex categories, such as those encountered in topographically and ecologically heterogeneous landscapes. In addition, SpeciesGeoCoder can be used to facilitate sorting and cleaning of occurrence data obtained from online databases, and for testing the impact of incorrect identification of specimens on the spatial coding of species. The various outputs of SpeciesGeoCoder include quantitative biodiversity statistics, global and local distribution maps, and files that can be used directly in many phylogeny-based applications for ancestral range reconstruction, investigations of biome evolution, and other comparative methods. Our simulations indicate that even datasets containing hundreds of millions of records can be analyzed in relatively short time using a standard computer. We exemplify the use of SpeciesGeoCoder by inferring the historical dispersal of birds across the Isthmus of Panama, showing that lowland species crossed the Isthmus about twice as frequently as montane species with a marked increase in the number of dispersals during the last 10 million years. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2170567628 | Alternative Definitions of Passing Critical Gaps | A substantial proportion of the road network in most countries consists of two-lane highways. Available gaps for passing are a fundamental element in the operation of such highways. Providing passing opportunities is important for reducing the formation of vehicle platoons in the traffic flow, increasing the level of service, and improving safety. Passing opportunities also affect fuel consumption and emissions. Despite the importance of passing on two-lane highways, few studies have focused on exploring passing gap definitions when modeling passing behavior. Research was done to investigate various definitions of passing gaps, and these definitions were used to develop passing gap acceptance models. Data on passing maneuvers collected with a driving simulator were used to develop and calibrate three models. The generic structure of these models was composed of the drivers’ desire to pass and their gap acceptance decisions. The impact of traffic characteristics, road geometry, and driver characteristics was included in these models. The results show that the passing gap definition has a significant impact on the models’ ability to explain passing behavior. Moreover, the estimation results show that modeling a driver's desire to pass the vehicle ahead has a statistically significant contribution in explaining passing behavior. Variables that capture the impact of the traffic conditions, geometric characteristics of the road section, driver characteristics, and the unobserved heterogeneity in the driver population were found to have a significant impact on drivers’ desire to pass and their gap acceptance decisions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nmeth.2973 | FlyMAD: Rapid thermogenetic control of neuronal activity in freely walking Drosophila | Rapidly and selectively modulating the activity of defined neurons in unrestrained animals is a powerful approach in investigating the circuit mechanisms that shape behavior. In Drosophila melanogaster, temperature- sensitive silencers and activators are widely used to control the activities of genetically defined neuronal cell types. A limitation of these thermogenetic approaches, however, has been their poor temporal resolution. Here we introduce FlyMAD (the fly mind-altering device), which allows thermogenetic silencing or activation within seconds or even fractions of a second. Using computer vision, FlyMAD targets an infrared laser to freely walking flies. As a proof of principle, we demonstrated the rapid silencing and activation of neurons involved in locomotion, vision and courtship. The spatial resolution of the focused beam enabled preferential targeting of neurons in the brain or ventral nerve cord. Moreover, the high temporal resolution of FlyMAD allowed us to discover distinct timing relationships for two neuronal cell types previously linked to courtship song. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
695285 | A Global Anthropology of Transforming Marriage | This research will create a new theoretical vision of the importance of marriage as an agent of transformation in human sociality. Marriage globally is undergoing profound change, provoking intense debate and anxiety. These concerns refract wider instabilities in political, economic, and familial institutions. They signal the critical role of marriage in bringing together - and separating - intimate, personal, and familial life with wider state institutions. But we have little up to date comparative research or general theory of how marriage changes or the long-term significance of such change. Paradoxically, social scientific and public discourse emphasise the conservative and normative aspects of marriage. This underlines the need for a new theoretical frame that takes account of cultural and historical specificity to grasp the importance of marriage as both vehicle of and engine for transformation. AGATM overturns conventional understandings by viewing marriage as inherently transformative, indeed at the heart of social and cultural change. The research will investigate current transformations of marriage in two distinct senses. First, it will undertake an ethnographic investigation of new forms of marriage in selected sites in Europe, N. America, Asia, and Africa. Second, it will subject ‘marriage’ to a rigorous theoretical critique that will denaturalise marriage and reintegrate it into the new anthropology of kinship. Research on five complementary and contrastive sub-projects examining emerging forms of marriage in different locations will be structured through the themes of care, property, and ritual forms. The overarching analytic of temporality will frame the theoretical vision of the research and connect the themes. The resulting six monographs, journal articles, and exhibition will together revitalise the study of kinship by placing the moral, practical, political, and imaginative significance of marriage over time at its centre. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
TW 102144622 A | Organic light emitting diode display device and method of fabricating the same | An organic light emitting diode display device, comprises: a thin film transistor on a substrate; a first insulating layer on the thin film transistor; a connecting electrode connected to the thin film transistor and a first auxiliary electrode on the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer on the connecting electrode and the first auxiliary electrode; an anode connected to the connecting electrode and a second auxiliary electrode spaced apart from the anode and connected to the first auxiliary electrode on the second insulating layer; a bank layer having a first contact hole exposing the anode and a second contact hole exposing the second auxiliary electrode on the anode and the second auxiliary electrode; an organic emitting layer on the anode in the first contact hole; and a cathode electrically connected to the second auxiliary electrode on the organic emitting layer. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
239910 | Bio-inspired Design of Catalysts for Selective Oxidations of C-H and C=C Bonds | The selective functionalization of C-H and C=C bonds remains a formidable unsolved problem, owing to their inert nature. Novel alkane and alkene oxidation reactions exhibiting good and/or unprecedented selectivities will have a big impact on bulk and fine chemistry by opening novel methodologies that will allow removal of protection-deprotection sequences, thus streamlining synthetic strategies. These goals are targeted in this project via design of iron and manganese catalysts inspired by structural elements of the active site of non-heme enzymes of the Rieske Dioxygenase family. Selectivity is pursued via rational design of catalysts that will exploit substrate recognition-exclusion phenomena, and control over proton and electron affinity of the active species. Moreover, these catalysts will employ H2O2 as oxidant, and will operate under mild conditions (pressure and temperature). The fundamental mechanistic aspects of the catalytic reactions, and the species implicated in C-H and C=C oxidation events will also be studied with the aim of building on the necessary knowledge to design future generations of catalysts, and provide models to understand the chemistry taking place in non-heme iron and manganese-dependent oxygenases. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W4293824667 | A nação e a Europa nos livros didáticos de história franceses e alemães. Uma análise do discurso contrastiva | Este artigo trata da construção do “Si” e do “Outro” europeu nos capítulos que abordam a Primeira Guerra Mundial, em onze livros didáticos recentes de história franceses e alemães. No âmbito da “análise do discurso contrastiva”, e embasando o estudo em um inventário de procedimentos discursivos (explícitos ou não), mostra-se que os livros franceses se esforçam em construir um Si europeu apagando os beligerantes do discurso, mas sem consegui-lo totalmente, e que o Outro — sempre alemão — surge regularmente e é então construído como o único ator da guerra. O Si nos livros didáticos alemães é, ainda que não explicitamente, a Alemanha: a construção de uma comunidade nacional efetua-se inteiramente no não dito e, assim, na evidência. Ela é contrabalançada por um esforço constante de mudança de perspectiva, na qual o aluno deve aprender a colocar-se no lugar do Outro, que é, no caso, o não alemão. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
220203 | Action understanding in human and robot dyadic interaction | Humans have fascinating skills for grasping and manipulation of objects, even in complex, dynamic environments, and execute coordinated movements of the head, eyes, arms, and hands, in order to accomplish everyday tasks. When working on a shared space, during dyadic interaction tasks, humans engage in non-verbal communication, by understanding and anticipating the actions of working partners, and coupling their actions in a meaningful way.
The key to this mind-boggling performance is two-fold: (i) a capacity to adapt and plan the motion according to unexpected events in the environment, (ii) and the use of a common motor repertoire and action model, to understand and anticipate the actions and intentions of others as if they were our own. Despite decades of progress, robots are still far from the level of performance that would enable them to work with humans in routine activities.
ACTICIPATE addresses the challenge of designing robots that can share workspaces and co-work with humans. We rely on human experiments to learn a model/controller that allows a humanoid to generate and adapt its upper body motion, in dynamic environments, during reaching and manipulation tasks, and to understand, predict and anticipate the actions of a human co-worker, as needed in manufacturing, assistive and service robotics, and domestic applications.
These application scenarios call for three main capabilities that will be tackled in ACTICIPATE: a motion generation mechanism (primitives), with a built-in capacity for instant reaction to changes in dynamic environments; a framework to combine primitives and execute coordinated movements of head, eyes, arm and hand, in a way similar (thus predictable) to human movements, and model the action/movement coupling between co-workers in dyadic interaction tasks; and the ability to understand and anticipate human actions, based on a common motor system/model that is also used to synthesize the robot’s goal-directed actions in a natural way. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
223438 | A holistic opto-acoustic system for monitoring marine biodiversities | We present the SYMBIOSIS project to provide a mature, cost effective autonomous optco-acoustic prototype for the characterization, classification, and biomass evaluation of six target pelagic fish that are important to the fishery industry and that reflect on the health of the environment. The processing will be made in a real-time fashion onsite, and the results will be sent to a shore station. The system will be completely autonomous and will withstand three month deployment without recharging. We will demonstrate the capabilities of the system and its readiness to a TRL6 stage over three sea and ocean mooring sites.
SYMBIOSIS is devised as a blend of acoustic and optical components. The acoustic unit will include an active underwater acoustic array of 2X3 elements, to detect, classify, evaluate the biomass, and localize the predefined pelagic fish in the far field of 500m. The optical component will comprise of a fixed frame of six underwater optical cameras, and will perform machine learning-based classification and biomass evaluation in the near field of 2-3 attenuation lengths in low-light conditions. To conserve power the optical unit will be triggered upon detection from the acoustic unit, and will use the results from the acoustic localization. The system will be modular, both in term of performance and in terms of composition, and will adapt to different scenarios and cost requirements.
SYMBIOSIS will involve the university of Haifa, Israel (four groups); IMDEA Networks, Spain (two groups); Wireless and More, Italy; and EvoLogics, Germany. The academic partners have already developed all the technical components of the system, and have demonstrated preliminary results in multiple sea experiments. The industry partners have substantial experience with integrating acoustic and optical components for long-term sea development, and is a leading firm for the development of realtime underwater signal processing. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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