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10.1364/OME.7.000043 | Engineering Chiral Light Matter Interaction In Photonic Crystal Waveguides With Slow Light | We design photonic crystal waveguides with efficient chiral light–matter interfaces that can be integrated with solid-state quantum emitters. By using glide-plane-symmetric waveguides, we show that chiral light-matter interaction can exist even in the presence of slow light with slowdown factors of up to 100 and therefore the light–matter interaction exhibits both strong Purcell enhancement and chirality. This allows for near-unity directional β-factors for a range of emitter positions and frequencies. Additionally, we design an efficient mode adapter to couple light from a standard nanobeam waveguide to the glide-plane symmetric photonic crystal waveguide. Our work sets the stage for performing future experiments on a solid-state platform. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/3308560.3317587 | Algorithms For Fair Team Formation In Online Labour Marketplaces | As freelancing work keeps on growing almost everywhere due to a sharp decrease in communication costs and to the widespread of Internet-based labour marketplaces (e. g. , guru. com, feelancer. com, mturk. com, upwork. com), many researchers and practitioners have started exploring the benefits of outsourcing and crowdsourcing [13, 14, 16, 23, 25, 29]. Since employers often use these platforms to find a group of workers to complete a specific task, researchers have focused their efforts on the study of team formation and matching algorithms and on the design of effective incentive schemes [2, 3, 4, 17]. Nevertheless, just recently, several concerns have been raised on possibly unfair biases introduced through the algorithms used to carry out these selection and matching procedures. For this reason, researchers have started studying the fairness of algorithms related to these online marketplaces [8, 19], looking for intelligent ways to overcome the algorithmic bias that frequently arises. Broadly speaking, the aim is to guarantee that, for example, the process of hiring workers through the use of machine learning and algorithmic data analysis tools does not discriminate, even unintentionally, on grounds of nationality or gender. In this short paper, we define the Fair Team Formation problem in the following way: given an online labour marketplace where each worker possesses one or more skills, and where all workers are divided into two or more not overlapping classes (for examples, men and women), we want to design an algorithm that is able to find a team with all the skills needed to complete a given task, and that has the same number of people from all classes. We provide inapproximability results for the Fair Team Formation problem together with four algorithms for the problem itself. We also tested the effectiveness of our algorithmic solutions by performing experiments using real data from an online labor marketplace. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
EP 06003985 A | Clamping technique for the inner conductor of a coaxial line for the connection to an antenna socket outlet | Antenna box (1) has base plate (2), which has contact unit consisting of electrically non-conductive material. At the contact unit a spring clamp is arranged for connecting conductors of the cable, whereby for actuating the spring clamp a scanning element is pivotably fixed in the contact unit. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.024 | Reversal of Synapse Degeneration by Restoring Wnt Signaling in the Adult Hippocampus | Synapse degeneration occurs early in neurodegenerative diseases and correlates strongly with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The molecular mechanisms that trigger synapse vulnerability and those that promote synapse regeneration after substantial synaptic failure remain poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests a link between a deficiency in Wnt signaling and AD. The secreted Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), which is elevated in AD, contributes to amyloid-β-mediated synaptic failure. However, the impact of Dkk1 at the circuit level and the mechanism by which synapses disassemble have not yet been explored. Using a transgenic mouse model that inducibly expresses Dkk1 in the hippocampus, we demonstrate that Dkk1 triggers synapse loss, impairs long-term potentiation, enhances long-term depression, and induces learning and memory deficits. We decipher the mechanism involved in synapse loss induced by Dkk1 as it can be prevented by combined inhibition of the Gsk3 and RhoA-Rock pathways. Notably, after loss of synaptic connectivity, reactivation of the Wnt pathway by cessation of Dkk1 expression completely restores synapse number, synaptic plasticity, and long-term memory. These findings demonstrate the remarkable capacity of adult neurons to regenerate functional circuits and highlight Wnt signaling as a targetable pathway for neuronal circuit recovery after synapse degeneration. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1002/jgt.20591 | Variations on cops and robbers | We consider several variants of the classical Cops and Robbers game. We treat the version where the robber can move R≤yen;1 edges at a time, establishing a general upper bound of n/,α(1-0(1)) √logαn, where α = 1 + 1/R, thus generalizing the best known upper bound for the classical case R = 1 due to Lu and Peng, and Scott and Sudakov. We also show that in this case, the cop number of an n-vertex graph can be as large as n1 - 1/(R - 2) for finite R≤yen;5, but linear in n if R is infinite. For R = 1, we study the directed graph version of the problem, and show that the cop number of any strongly connected digraph on n vertices is O(n(loglogn)2/logn). Our approach is based on expansion. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
Q80084 | Development and validation under real conditions of innovative solutions optimising the power supply of the high-power electric furnace assembly together with auxiliary installations key to improving the competitiveness of steel production through efficient management of passive power and electricity quality | The aim of the project is to develop a solution for optimising the power supply system of restless power receivers of high power operating in conditions of insufficient short circuit power in Celsa Huta Ostrowiec („Company, „CHO”), which is a direct response to the diagnosed needs of the target audience. As a result of planned interdisciplinary industrial research and development work, conducted together with selected key subcontractors from the science sector, a process innovation will be created that fits into KIS.7.II.1 – Intelligent solutions in electricity grids. A key technological challenge within the project is the integration of technologies and techniques from the areas of electricity, energy, metallurgy and electrothermal in order to achieve synergies to improve efficiency of passive power management and energy quality and improve the efficiency of metallurgical processes. Synergy will be a source of new features and functionalities, currently not available on the target market (Poland and neighbouring countries). The results of the project are characterised by at least international innovation. Implementation will consist of CHO starting rolled products using project results and will improve the economic performance of the CHO by reducing the costs of electricity consumption and primary raw materials per tonne of steel billets produced and additional gains to increase production efficiency, which together will increase CHO’s competitiveness internationally. The project has a positive impact on sustainable development and its implementation will result in a diffusion effect. The company secured the resources necessary to implement the project, including intellectual property rights, and the patent purity verification confirmed the lack of patent purity | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2058153052 | Preliminary study of synthetic aperture tissue harmonic imaging on in-vivo data | A method for synthetic aperture tissue harmonic imaging is investigated. It combines synthetic aperture sequen-
tial beamforming (SASB) with tissue harmonic imaging (THI) to produce an increased and more uniform spatial
resolution and improved side lobe reduction compared to conventional B-mode imaging. Synthetic aperture
sequential beamforming tissue harmonic imaging (SASB-THI) was implemented on a commercially available BK
2202 Pro Focus UltraView ultrasound system and compared to dynamic receive focused tissue harmonic imag-
ing (DRF-THI) in clinical scans. The scan sequence that was implemented on the UltraView system acquires
both SASB-THI and DRF-THI simultaneously. Twenty-four simultaneously acquired video sequences of in-vivo
abdominal SASB-THI and DRF-THI scans on 3 volunteers of 4 different sections of liver and kidney tissues were
created. Videos of the in-vivo scans were presented in double blinded studies to two radiologists for image quality
performance scoring. Limitations to the systems transmit stage prevented user defined transmit apodization to
be applied. Field II simulations showed that side lobes in SASB could be improved by using Hanning transmit
apodization. Results from the image quality study show, that in the current configuration on the UltraView
system, where no transmit apodization was applied, SASB-THI and DRF-THI produced equally good images.
It is expected that given the use of transmit apodization, SASB-THI could be further improved. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 2008/0056880 W | METHODS FOR PRODUCING TRIOL ETHERS BY REACTIVE DISTILLATION | This invention relates to methods for preparing alkyl ethers from glycerin by reactive distillation. For example, the present invention provides a method for the preparation of mono-, di- and tri-ethers of glycerin, either in the presence or absence of fatty acids, contaminants by reactive distillation using solid catalysts. Specific desirable final products according to the reactive distillation method provided herein include glycerin ethers and fatty acid esters of C<SUB>4</SUB>-C<SUB>5</SUB> alcohols, such as for example, isobutanol, tert-butanol, and isoamyl alcohol. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/3318464.3380585 | Extending Graph Patterns With Conditions | We propose an extension of graph patterns, referred to as conditional graph patterns and denoted as CGPs. In a CGP,one can specify a simple condition on each edge such that the edge exists if and only if the condition is satisfied. We show that CGPs allow us to catch missing links, increase the expressivity of graph functional dependencies, and provide a succinct representation of graph patterns. We settle the complexity of their consistency, matching, incremental matching and containment problems, in linear time,NP-complete,NP-complete and p2-complete, respectively. These tell us that despite the increased expressive power of CGPs, the matching and incremental matching problems for CGPs are no harder than their counterparts for conventional patterns. We develop algorithms for matching and incremental matching of CGPs, and for (incremental) multi-CGP matching and optimization. Using real-life and synthetic graphs, we empirically verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithms. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/nmeth.4220 | Power analysis of single-cell rnA-sequencing experiments | single-cell rnA sequencing (scrnA-seq) has become an established and powerful method to investigate transcriptomic cell-to-cell variation, thereby revealing new cell types and providing insights into developmental processes and transcriptional stochasticity. A key question is how the variety of available protocols compare in terms of their ability to detect and accurately quantify gene expression. here, we assessed the protocol sensitivity and accuracy of many published data sets, on the basis of spike-in standards and uniform data processing. For our work?ow, we developed a flexible tool for counting the number of unique molecular identifers (https://github. com/ vals/umis/). We compared 15 protocols computationally and 4 protocols experimentally for batch-matched cell populations, in addition to investigating the effects of spike-in molecular degradation. our analysis provides an integrated framework for comparing scrnA-seq protocols. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1021/acsnano.8b03575 | Quantifying Co-Oligomer Formation by α-Synuclein | Small oligomers of the protein α-synuclein (αS) are highly cytotoxic species associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, αS can form co-aggregates with its mutational variants and with other proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, which are implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The processes of self-oligomerization and co-oligomerization of αS are, however, challenging to study quantitatively. Here, we have utilized single-molecule techniques to measure the equilibrium populations of oligomers formed in vitro by mixtures of wild-type αS with its mutational variants and with Aβ40, Aβ42, and a fragment of tau. Using a statistical mechanical model, we find that co-oligomer formation is generally more favorable than self-oligomer formation at equilibrium. Furthermore, self-oligomers more potently disrupt lipid membranes than do co-oligomers. However, this difference is sometimes outweighed by the greater formation propensity of co-oligomers when multiple proteins coexist. Our results suggest that co-oligomer formation may be important in PD and related neurodegenerative diseases. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W4317614496 | Sémiotique et innovation | L’article présente d’abord un bref état des lieux relatif aux potentialités de la sémiotique en tant que discipline d’aide à l’innovation. Suit la description et l’analyse d’une pratique innovante spontanée : celle d’un agent de police qu’on voit, à un grand carrefour de la ville de Manille, transformer la gestualité codée associée à sa fonction de contrôle du trafic en une véritable danse à la Michael Jackson, qui resémantise de manière parfaitement inattendue une banale scène de la vie urbaine. De cette description se dégage une série de constantes permettant d’esquisser les prémisses d’une sémiotique de l’innovation : i) l’innovation ne naît jamais de rien mais émerge d’un matériau sémiotique préexistant ; ii) elle résulte du croisement de deux ou plusieurs systèmes sémiotiques ; iii) elle révèle et exploite des affinités structurales jusqu’alors non perçues entre ces systèmes ; iv) elle perturbe les habitudes sémiotiques et pousse à reconfigurer la culture de la société ; v) elle constitue un processus toujours risqué parce que son succès dépend des rapports entre intentio auctoris, intentio operis et intentio lectoris ; vi) si réussie, elle entraîne des effets d’imitation qui la font tomber au rang de platitude. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
interreg_1424 | Study on Feasibility on Flows Analysis | The general aim of the study is to deepen some analytical elements of existing ESPON projects, with regards to the use of flows data. It will try to answer the following key research questions: what are the implications of the integration of flow data? Which flows and how flows can be integrated into future ESPON analysis? Finally, it will try to assess which types of flows are possible to integrate into future ESPON applied research.
In this perspective, the study will seek to review the discussion on flows between territories and the actual state of the art of data availability and methodologies for flow analysis. It will also provide insights on the actual meaning of findings deriving from the possible flow analysis investigated, and on what this type of analysis can add to current ESPON research. The study will consider the following 7 type of flows, which are considered of key relevance for spatial analysis at European scale, i.e. trade flows, as well as financial, migration, transport, commuter, information and environmental flows. A series of case studies will be conducted to illustrate the potential of this type of analysis for the enrichment of territorial analysis in ESPON.
The study has to be seen as a "pilot project", aiming at giving deeper understanding of the complexity of the scientific questions related to the theme, and proposing possible research directions for more detailed research projects, which may be carried out within the realm of ESPON II. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1002/smll.201402081 | Isotope substitution extends the lifetime of organic molecules in transmission electron microscopy | Structural characterisation of individual molecules by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is fundamentally limited by the element and electron energy-specific interactions of the material with the high energy electron beam. Here, the key mechanisms controlling the interactions between the e-beam and C-H bonds, present in all organic molecules, are examined, and the low atomic weight of hydrogen - resulting in its facile atomic displacement by the e-beam - is identified as the principal cause of the instability of individual organic molecules. It is demonstrated theoretically and proven experimentally that exchanging all hydrogen atoms within molecules with the deuterium isotope, and therefore doubling the atomic weight of the lightest atoms in the structure, leads to a more than two-fold increase in the stability of organic molecules in the e-beam. Substitution of H for D significantly reduces the amount of kinetic energy transferred from the e-beam to the atom (main factor contributing to stability) and also increases the barrier for bond dissociation, primarily due to the changes in the zero-point energy of the C-D vibration (minor factor). The extended lifetime of coronene-d 12, used as a model molecule, enables more precise analysis of the inter-molecular spacing and more accurate measurement of the molecular orientations. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
263422 | Individual Life Chances in Social Context: A Longitudinal Multi-Methods Perspective on Social Constraints and Opportunities | This project focuses contextual factors explaining differences in young adults life chances in a longitudinal perspective. By life chances we mean the structural contexts influencing choices and behavior with consequences for education, labor market situation, health, and criminality. Such life chances are strongly and systematically influenced by social class, gender, and ethnicity. The dominant ways to study these differences are to focus socialization effects in the family and differences in human capital more generally. These approaches have been highly successful, but there is still a considerable part of it left unexplained by these models. Part of the reason for this is that they have taken contextual factors insufficiently into account. We propose a synthetic approach to the study of life chances that integrates the traditional models with a fuller focus on contextual factors neigborhoods and social networks in particular. The aims are to arrive at better specified models that will more accurately predict differences in outcomes, and to reach beyond prediction and to identify generative mechanisms causing the observed associations between explanans and explandum. The goal is to reach what Max Weber calls interpretative explanations, and in doing so we need to specify the sociologically relevant settings in which people find themselves. This social mechanism based approach to life chances necessitates methodological pluralism, in which quantitative and qualitative methodological techniques are combined. The project will analyze both large-scale random samples in order to generalize findings and do qualitative analyses of strategically selected small-n case studies in order to identify social mechanisms and understand the ways in which they operate in practice. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.029 | Norepinephrine transporter blocker atomoxetine increases salivary alpha amylase | It has been suggested that central norepinephrine (NE) activity may be inferred from increases in salivary alpha-amylase (SAA), but data in favor of this proposition are limited. We administered 40 mg of atomoxetine, a selective NE transporter blocker that increases central NE levels, to 24 healthy adult participants in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design. Atomoxetine administration significantly increased SAA secretion and concentrations at 75–180 min after treatment (more than doubling baseline levels). Consistent with evidence that elevation in central NE is a co-determinant of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, salivary cortisol also approximately doubled at the same time points. Moreover, changes in salivary cortisol positively correlated with SAA (0. 44 < rho < 0. 56), bolstering the position that the origin of the changes in SAA reflect central NE. This work points toward the potential value of SAA as an inexpensive and non-invasive procedure to obtain information about activation of the central NE system. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2162762929 | The impact of entrepreneurial capital and rapidly growing firms: the Canadian example | World-class competitiveness is no longer an option for firms seeking growth and survival in the increasingly competitive, dynamic and interconnected world. This paper expands on the concept of entrepreneurial capital (EC) and formalises it as a catalyst that augments other productive factors. It provides empirical evidence from small, young, high-growth enterprises that EC contributes significantly to their growth through such augmentation. As emerging industries and regions face similar challenges as those of high and rapidly-growing smaller enterprises in increasingly more hostile environments that also suffer from poor resources, this research offers significant lessons with implications for emerging firms, industries and associated regions that aspire to grow faster. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
169375 | The european union and its normative power in a post-conflict society: a case study of northern kosovo | This project aims to study the role of normative power of the EU in the post-conflict society of northern Kosovo and to explore how has the signing of the Brussels agreement changed the dynamics of relations at both intra-societal (within the community of Serbs of northern Kosovo) and inter-ethnic level (Serbs of northern Kosovo vs. Kosovo Albanians and the institutions of the Kosovo government).
The project would: 1. explore the motivation and driving factors of Kosovo Serbs for their positive/negative stance regarding the signature of the Brussels agreement and the cooperation with the institutions of the Government of Kosovo and Kosovo Albanians in general; 2. assess the intra-societal split within the Serb community in northern Kosovo between those who cooperate with the institutions of the Government of Kosovo and Kosovo Albanians in general, and those who still reject any kind of cooperation, and how is the intra-societal conflict (pressure) manifested; 3. evaluate the impact of normative power of the EU in northern Kosovo; 4. assess the changes in the patterns of relations between Serbs from northern Kosovo and Kosovo Albanians on political, institutional and societal level after the signing of the Brussels agreement; 5. draw policy implications for the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy.
This research project draws from three theoretical backgrounds: the theory of normative power, ‘theories’ of peacebuilding, conflict prevention and conflict resolution, and the theory of intra-societal conflict. The following research methods would be applied: interviews, surveying, focus groups (field-work in Kosovo), and study of primary and secondary sources.
From theoretical viewpoint, this project is innovative, as it questions the impact of EU’s normative power in a post-conflict society. This project is relevant because certain policy implications (recommendations) for the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy could be drawn from it. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
221101 | Vertex switch – the foundation for a more sustainable and reliable railway transport system | The overall objective of this innovation project is to commercialise Vertex vertical switch: the first reliable railroad switch adopted to winter conditions.
Rail transport has been indicated as critical to the EU strategy for improving environmental performance of the transport sector, economic and social cohesion within and between Member States. However, the train services in the EU do not meet the passengers' and the freight companies´ requirements regarding punctuality and reliability. One of the most common reasons for train delays are switch faults, caused by snow and ice accumulated between switchblades.
The target end-users of Vertex switch are private and public actors that own and are responsible for the maintenance of the railway infrastructure. Their key need is access to a reliable railway switch, which works smoothly even in harsh weather conditions.
These needs will be met by introducing the innovative Vertex switch. This switch guides the train by moving the switch blades vertically instead of horizontally which eliminates the area where snow and ice can land. Vertex offers a reliable switch that works well in all weather conditions, eliminates the need for manual snow clearance, provides measurable cost and energy savings and has potential to significantly reduce the numbers of delayed hours.
Generally, the novel switch delivers an ultimate EU added value by increasing reliability and punctuality of train services. This will in turn contribute to the increased attractiveness of train services both for passengers and freight companies and attracting new rail users.
The Phase 1 feasibility assessment will develop the business plan that will further guide technical development and exploitation efforts. The development of the prototype, demonstration and testing of the product will take place in the Phase 2 project. If successful, the overall innovation effort is expected to take Vertex to a new level of competitiveness and growth. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/evo.12116 | New Model Systems For Experimental Evolution | Microbial experimental evolution uses a few well-characterized model systems to answer fundamental questions about how evolution works. This special section highlights novel model systems for experimental evolution, with a focus on marine model systems that can be used to understand evolutionary responses to global change in the oceans. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
615539 | The plasticity of parental caregiving: characterizing the brain mechanisms underlying normal and disrupted development of parenting | The survival of species depends critically on infant survival and development. Human infants are, however, vulnerable and completely dependent on caregiving parents, not just for survival but also for their development. Darwin and Lorenz have long argued that there are specific infant facial features that elicit attention and responsiveness in adults. Until recently this has not been possible to study but neuroimaging has started to reveal some of the brain circuitry. However, it is not known how the brain changes over time in new parents as they gain experience with caregiving. Equally, little is known about the underlying brain mechanisms associated with disruption to normal parental caregiving.
I propose to study the brain changes associated with normal and disrupted development of parental caregiving in new parents who will undergo neuroimaging and psychological testing using standardised databases and test batteries of caregiving tasks. Subproject 1 will investigate the normal development of parental caregiving, beginning before pregnancy, using a longitudinal study of structural and functional brain changes in both women and men combined with their behavioural measures on caregiving tasks.
Subproject 2 will investigate the disrupted development of parental caregiving using a cross-sectional design to study the brain and behavioural effects on caregiving during potential disruptive changes to the parent or child. Specifically, my focus will be on A) parental sleep disruption and B) infant craniofacial abnormality of cleft lip and palate.
Finally, understanding the full brain mechanisms and architecture underlying parental caregiving requires a mechanistic synthesis of the findings of normal and disrupted development. Subproject 3 will use our existing advanced computational models to combine the findings from normal and disrupted development in order to identify the fundamental brain mechanisms and networks underlying the development of parenting. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1186/s13059-017-1309-9 | DESMAN: A new tool for de novo extraction of strains from metagenomes | We introduce DESMAN for De novo Extraction of Strains from Metagenomes. Large multi-sample metagenomes are being generated but strain variation results in fragmentary co-assemblies. Current algorithms can bin contigs into metagenome-assembled genomes but are unable to resolve strain-level variation. DESMAN identifies variants in core genes and uses co-occurrence across samples to link variants into haplotypes and abundance profiles. These are then searched for against non-core genes to determine the accessory genome of each strain. We validated DESMAN on a complex 50-species 210-genome 96-sample synthetic mock data set and then applied it to the Tara Oceans microbiome. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1051/epjconf/20134102004 | Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of highly-excited states in N<inf>2</inf> molecules excited by femtosecond XUV pulses | We used velocity-map-imaging to measure electronic and nuclear dynamics in N2 molecules excited by a train of attosecond pulses. A time-to-space mapping of autoionization channel is demonstrated. It is found that the autoionization becomes energetically allowed when the two nuclei are still very close (~ 3 Å) and that it can be coherently manipulated by a strong femtosecond infrared pulse. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
Q2693836 | Increase the competitiveness of CEWAR by increasing the use of design design. | Design AUDIT activities are the following analyses: — product offer, – business model, – technology, – organizational structure, – communication processes, – marketing strategy, – in terms of the definition and characteristics of customers and competition, – in terms of key in the context of ordering industry trends, – the needs of the contracting authority in the field of design management, – offer in terms of the use of design and market potential. DURATION OF THE AUDIT: 63 days of rob. Based on the analysis, a design STRATEGIA will be developed containing at least: — the general characteristics of the Ordering Company, including design analysis in terms of products, technology, organizational structure, customer communication processes, marketing strategy, – a general description of the enterprise’s design environment, including at least information on customer characteristics, a description of the main competitors, – a description of market trends, a definition of key in the context of the ordering company’s industry, social and technological trends with a high potential impact on the Contracting Party’s market, – an assessment of the level of use of design in the company and its potential in this respect, – defining design problems in the contracting company (concerning both the product and other business processes in the company), – possibilities to solve design problems in the enterprise, – recommendations for further detailed actions for the enterprise. TIME TO DEVELOP THE STRATEGY: 41 days of rob. 4 experts will be responsible for the project as a whole: Patryk Góźdź, Radosław Nowakowski, Aneta Biszek, Michał Jachymek. In addition, Need Studio will support other experts (graphic design, branding, brand strategy, industrial design): Michał Ćwiek, Agnieszka Walczak-Skałecka, Katarzyna Krygier-Świtoń, Krzysztof Kurkowski, Monika Góźdź, Urszula Rojek, Dominika Baran, Joanna Łubkowska). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.02.023 | A socio-metabolic perspective on environmental justice and degrowth movements | Degrowth and environmental justice movements share overarching aims of sustainability and justice and pursue them through radical social change and resistances. Both movements are diverse and comprised of groups that originate and operate in different contexts. The ever-growing metabolism of the world economy presents an obstacle to both movements' aims, while a socio-metabolic perspective unveils very different characteristics and contexts of the specific struggles. The strategies of many environmental justice movements located at the frontiers of resource extraction are employed to resist coerced socio-ecological transition towards industrialization and to protect more customary ways of life. Movements for the degrowth of industrial metabolism tend to push for socio-ecological transformation, pursuing new ways of life and reimagined social relations in alternative societies. The overarching aims and obstacles of these movements may be shared, but their struggles, strategies and required actions are not the same. Alliances should seek advantages from this plurality of perspectives and positions within their struggles, while acknowledging potential tensions arising from these different contexts. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W1565934475 | The Challenges Toward Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)in Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria | The study investigated the of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in secondary schools in Ondo state. It sought to find out the level of access to ICT among secondary school teachers and students. Also the study investigated the level of utilization of ICT for instructional purposes and the attitude of teachers and students towards ICT utilization of ICT in secondary schools. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The sample for the study consisted of 450 teachers randomly selected from two hundred and ninety six (296) secondary schools in the eighteen Local Government Areas of Ondo State. A combination of multistage, stratified and simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the sample. A questionnaire titled Challenges of information and communication technology for secondary schools teachers (CICTSST) was designed and validated. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean and bar chart.The result of the findings showed that: ICT facilities are not available in schools. Majority of the teachers and students do not have access to ICT. There are significant factors affecting the utilization of ICT for instructional purposes. The study also revealed that teachers show positive attitude toward utilization of ICT in teaching and learning. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
174677 | Wireless visionaries for 2020 | The industrial telecommunications sector stands currently at the forefront of a new era, which is marked by the transition to the new generation of wireless communications, namely the rise of 5G. With the recent explosion of the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications and the Internet-of-Things applications, the internet traffic is growing exponentially. Future networks should support applications with extremely variant Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, from low throughput and generally medium delay (M2M) to very high throughput and low delay (high definition real-time video). These challenges have not been yet addressed in network deployment within buildings, resulting in very low quality mobile access perceived by indoor users. WiVi-2020 aims to develop an architectural framework and respective mechanisms for the next generation of indoor mobile/wireless communications. The goal is to investigate the deployment of heterogeneous Radio Access Technologies using the advances of Software Defined Radios/Networks with a specific aim to meet the end-to-end QoS requirements of differentiated services adopting the concept of Application Defined Networking. The need for advancement along these lines demands cutting edge research and development efforts with a strong focus on industrial requirements that pave the way towards 5G. WiVi-2020 mobilizes a joint industry-academic group towards training the next generation of researchers (or “visionaries”) in multidisciplinary areas, setting the foundations for future mobile communications. In this respect, WiVi-2020 will evolve from traditional specialized training on a narrow area adopting a strong research and doctoral training programme with the direct involvement of the industry for better matching public and private sector needs. This way, WiVi-2020 will create researchers who are highly-skilled in the production of novel fundamental knowledge, with the ability stimulate entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0053760 | Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Synergizes with Calorie Restriction to Increase Health Span and Extend Mouse Longevity | Caloric restriction (CR), a reduction of food intake while avoiding malnutrition, can delay the onset of cancer and age-related diseases in several species, including mice. In addition, depending of the genetic background, CR can also increase or decrease mouse longevity. This has highlighted the importance of identifying the molecular pathways that interplay with CR in modulating longevity. Significant lifespan extension in mice has been recently achieved through over-expression of the catalytic subunit of mouse telomerase (mTERT) in a cancer protective background. Given the CR cancer-protective effects in rodents, we set to address here whether CR impacts on telomere length and synergizes with mTERT to extend mouse longevity. CR significantly decreased tumor incidence in TERT transgenic (TgTERT) mice and extended their lifespan compared to wild-type (WT) controls under the same diet, indicating a synergy between TgTERT and CR in increasing mouse longevity. In addition, longitudinal telomere length measurements in peripheral blood leukocytes from individual mice showed that CR resulted in maintenance and/or elongation telomeres in a percentage of WT mice, a situation that mimics telomere dynamics in TgTERT cohorts. These results demonstrate that CR attenuates telomere erosion associated to aging and that synergizes with TERT over-expression in increasing "health span" and extending mouse longevity. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
EP 2010060185 W | TOOL DEVICE | The invention relates to a tool device, in particular a jigsaw device, having at least one guide unit (10, l0a) for at least partially guiding at least one machine body (12; 12a) and/or a workpiece processing motion. According to the invention, the tool device comprises at least one alignment detection unit (14; 14a) for detecting an alignment of the guide unit (10; 10a) relative to a motor housing (16; 16a) and/or relative to a tool receiving unit (18; 18a). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/bewi.201900006 | The History of Knowledge and the Future of Knowledge Societies | The new field of the history of knowledge is often presented as a mere expansion of the history of science. We argue that it has a greater ambition. The re-definition of the historiographical domain of the history of knowledge urges us to ask new questions about the boundaries, hierarchies, and mutual constitution of different types of knowledge as well as the role and assessment of failure and ignorance in making knowledge. These issues have pertinence in the current climate where expertise is increasingly questioned and authority seems to lose its ground. Illustrated with examples from recent historiography of the sixteenth to twentieth centuries, we indicate some fruitful new avenues for research in the history of knowledge. Taken together, we hope that they will show that the history of knowledge could build the expertise required by the challenges of twenty-first century knowledge societies, just like the history of science, throughout its development as a discipline in the twentieth century, responded to the demands posed by science and society. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1007/s00401-020-02215-w | Cerebral blood flow decrease as an early pathological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease | Therapies targeting late events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, have largely failed, probably because they are given after significant neuronal damage has occurred. Biomarkers suggest that the earliest event in AD is a decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is caused by constriction of capillaries by contractile pericytes, probably evoked by oligomeric Aβ. CBF is also reduced by neutrophil trapping in capillaries and clot formation, perhaps secondary to the capillary constriction. The fall in CBF potentiates neurodegeneration by upregulating the BACE1 enzyme that makes Aβ and by promoting tau hyperphosphorylation. Surprisingly, therefore, CBF reduction may play a crucial role in driving cognitive decline by initiating the amyloid cascade itself, or being caused by and amplifying Aβ production. Here, we review developments in this area that are neglected in current approaches to AD, with the aim of promoting novel mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1063/5.0004103 | Multiparticle Collision Dynamics For Fluid Interfaces With Near Contact Interactions | We present an extension of the multiparticle collision dynamics method for flows with complex interfaces, including supramolecular near-contact interactions mimicking the effect of surfactants. The new method is demonstrated for the case of (i) short range repulsion of droplets in close contact, (ii) arrested phase separation and (iii) different pattern formation during spinodal decomposition of binary mixtures. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.euromechsol.2014.10.005 | Modelling of iron-filled magneto-active polymers with a dispersed chain-like microstructure | Magneto-active polymers are a class of smart materials commonly manufactured by mixing micron-sized iron particles in a rubber-like matrix. When cured in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field, the iron particles arrange themselves into chain-like structures that lend an overall anisotropy to the material. It has been observed through electron micrographs and X-ray tomographs that these chains are not always perfect in structure, and may have dispersion due to the conditions present during manufacturing or some undesirable material properties. We model the response of these materials to coupled magneto-mechanical loading in this paper using a probability based structure tensor that accounts for this imperfect anisotropy. The response of the matrix material is decoupled from the chain phase, though still being connected through kinematic constraints. The latter is based on the definition of a 'chain deformation gradient' and a 'chain magnetic field'. We conclude with numerical examples that demonstrate the effect of chain dispersion on the response of the material to magnetoelastic loading. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1104/pp.16.00940 | Auxin is rapidly induced by herbivore attack and regulates a subset of systemic, jasmonate-dependent defenses | Plant responses to herbivore attack are regulated by phytohormonal networks. To date, the role of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in this context is not well understood. We quantified and manipulated the spatiotemporal patterns of IAA accumulation in herbivore-attacked Nicotiana attenuata plants to unravel its role in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism. We found that IAA is strongly, rapidly, and specifically induced by herbivore attack. IAA is elicited by herbivore oral secretions and fatty acid conjugate elicitors and is accompanied by a rapid transcriptional increase of auxin biosynthetic YUCCA-like genes. IAA accumulation starts 30 to 60 s after local induction and peaks within 5 min after induction, thereby preceding the jasmonate (JA) burst. IAA accumulation does not require JA signaling and spreads rapidly from the wound site to systemic tissues. Complementation and transport inhibition experiments reveal that IAA is required for the herbivore-specific, JA-dependent accumulation of anthocyanins and phenolamides in the stems. In contrast, IAA does not affect the accumulation of nicotine or 7-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides in the same tissue. Taken together, our results uncover IAA as a rapid and specific signal that regulates a subset of systemic, JA-dependent secondary metabolites in herbivore-attacked plants. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
US 9307736 W | KEYBOARD AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING | A keyboard (12) having an array of non-planar keys (14, 16) and a method for manufacturing such a keyboard (12) is provided. In one embodiment (Figs. 1, 2 and 4), the non-planar array (14, 16) is a double-concave array. Electrical connection along the keys (14, 16) and/or from the keys (14, 16) to associated electronics (50) is provided by way of a circuit board (48). The circuit board (48) has a geometry and flexibility which permits the circuit board (48) to conform to a shape which is non-planar along two non-parallel axes. In one embodiment (Figs. 2, 4 and 5-8), the circuit board (48) can be configured in a double-concave shape. The circuit board (48) includes one or more slots (98a-d) defining two or more projections (96a-e). These projections (96a-e) can be placed in a configured non-coplanar configuration along a first axis and the circuit board (48) can be flexed to a non-planar configuration along a second non-parallel axis. Circuit board (48) is formed of a flexible substrate (86a, b), and with a plurality of conductive traces (88). | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/C7NR08725J | Borophene Hydride A Stiff 2D Material With High Thermal Conductivity And Attractive Optical And Electronic Properties | Two-dimensional (2D) structures of boron atoms, so-called borophene, have recently attracted remarkable attention. In a recent exciting experimental study, a hydrogenated borophene structure was realized. Motivated by this success, we conducted extensive first-principles calculations to explore the mechanical, thermal conduction, electronic and optical responses of borophene hydride. The mechanical response of borophene hydride was found to be anisotropic, with an elastic modulus of 131 N m−1 and a high tensile strength of 19. 9 N m−1 along the armchair direction. Notably, it was shown that by applying mechanical loading the metallic electronic character of borophene hydride can be altered to direct band-gap semiconducting, very appealing for application in nanoelectronics. The absorption edge of the imaginary part of the dielectric function was found to occur in the visible range of light for parallel polarization. Finally, it was estimated that this novel 2D structure at room temperature can exhibit high thermal conductivities of 335 W mK−1 and 293 W mK−1 along the zigzag and armchair directions, respectively. Our study confirms that borophene hydride shows an outstanding combination of interesting mechanical, electronic, optical and thermal conduction properties, which are promising for the design of novel nanodevices. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2012951410 | The Respect for Fundamental in EU as an Eligibility for the Candidate Countries: The Albania Case | As it is well known, nowadays, a country aspiring to become a European Union member must ensure respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, consolidation of democracy and the rule of law, along numerous other economic and legislative criteria. The part of pre-accession standards that have to be achieved, known as political criteria, are the topic of the present paper that aims at assessing the scope of conditionality in the field of human rights promotion and protection in Albania. The first part of the paper offers a chronological overview of the recent EU policies vis-a-vis Albania, particularly regarding human rights requirements the country was askedto fulfill in order for the accession negotiations to be opened. In the second part, the paper deals with actual human rights situation in the country, with special emphasis on several critical registered human rights violations that were registered in previous years. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2527 | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
interreg_2223 | Sustainable methodologies for rehabilitation and valorisation of coastal shoreline | The overall objective of the project is to contribute to restoring the quality of the coast, through the development of a sustainable intervention for Italian and Tunisian partners.
The specific objectives are: 1) the pilot intervention in a coastal area of Tunisia aims at reducing the phenomenon of the stranding of residues of Posidonia by changing the artificial barrier of protection (breakwater) and the positioning of systems of capture of Posidonia, 2) in Sicily it will enhance the transformation of beached Posidonia from waste to resource for the territory.
| [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
229703 | Knowledge, heresy and political culture in the Islamic West. Eighth-fifteenth centuries | The aim of the project Knowledge, heresy and political culture in the Islamic west (eighth-fifteenth centuries) is twofold: 1) To publish (both in paper and online) a work of reference on the intellectual production of the Islamic West (eighth-fifteenth centuries) including bio-bibliographical information on authors and works (manuscripts, editions, translations and studies). 2) On the basis of the material collected in such work of reference, to publish a monograph under the title Knowledge, heresy and political culture in the Islamic West (eighth-fifteenth centuries), dealing with the concepts and social practices related to knowledge in the Islamicate culture of the times, the emergence of religious dissent, and the construction of religious authority and political legitimacy. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1038/ncb2298 | Cleavage of E-cadherin by ADAM10 mediates epithelial cell sorting downstream of EphB signalling | The formation and maintenance of complex organs requires segregation of distinct cell populations into defined territories (that is, cell sorting) and the establishment of boundaries between them. Here we have investigated the mechanism by which Eph/ephrin signalling controls the compartmentalization of cells in epithelial tissues. We show that EphB/ephrin-B signalling in epithelial cells regulates the formation of E-cadherin-based adhesions. EphB receptors interact with E-cadherin and with the metalloproteinase ADAM10 at sites of adhesion and their activation induces shedding of E-cadherin by ADAM10 at interfaces with ephrin-B1-expressing cells. This process results in asymmetric localization of E-cadherin and, as a consequence, in differences in cell affinity between EphB-positive and ephrin-B-positive cells. Furthermore, genetic inhibition of ADAM10 activity in the intestine of mice results in a lack of compartmentalization of Paneth cells within the crypt stem cell niche, a defect that phenocopies that of EphB3-null mice. These results provide important insights into the regulation of cell migration in the intestinal epithelium and may help in the understanding of the nature of the cell sorting process in other epithelial tissues where Ephĝ€"ephrin interactions play a central role. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2016.06.029 | Comprehensive Identification of RNA-Binding Domains in Human Cells | Mammalian cells harbor more than a thousand RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), with half of these employing unknown modes of RNA binding. We developed RBDmap to determine the RNA-binding sites of native RBPs on a proteome-wide scale. We identified 1,174 binding sites within 529 HeLa cell RBPs, discovering numerous RNA-binding domains (RBDs). Catalytic centers or protein-protein interaction domains are in close relationship with RNA-binding sites, invoking possible effector roles of RNA in the control of protein function. Nearly half of the RNA-binding sites map to intrinsically disordered regions, uncovering unstructured domains as prevalent partners in protein-RNA interactions. RNA-binding sites represent hot spots for defined posttranslational modifications such as lysine acetylation and tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting metabolic and signal-dependent regulation of RBP function. RBDs display a high degree of evolutionary conservation and incidence of Mendelian mutations, suggestive of important functional roles. RBDmap thus yields profound insights into native protein-RNA interactions in living cells. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-020-75490-y | A rigorous assessment and comparison of enumeration methods for environmental viruses | Determining exact viral titers in a given sample is essential for many environmental and clinical applications, e. g. , for studying viral ecology or application of bacteriophages for food safety. However, virus quantification is not a simple task, especially for complex environmental samples. While clonal viral isolates can be quantified with relative high accuracy using virus-specific methods, i. e. , plaque assay or quantitative real-time PCR, these methods are not valid for complex and diverse environmental samples. Moreover, it is not yet known how precisely laser-based methods, i. e. , epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and nanoparticle tracking analysis, quantify environmental viruses. In the present study, we compared five state-of-the-art viral quantification methods by enumerating four model viral isolates of different genome and size characteristics as well as four different environmental water samples. Although Nanoparticle tracking analysis combined with gentle staining at 30 °C could be confirmed by this study to be a reliable quantification technique for tested environmental samples, environmental samples still lack an universally applicable and accurate quantification method. Special attention has to be put on optimal sample concentrations as well as optimized sample preparations, which are specific for each method. As our results show the inefficiency when enumerating small, or single-stranded DNA or RNA viruses, the global population of viruses is presumably higher than expected. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
Q4416254 | Development of breeding media production platform for the production of monoclonal antibodies | Number_reference_aid_programme: SA.41471(2015/X) Purpose of public aid: art: 25 EC Regulation No 651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in the application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty (OJ L 119, p. That’s it. EU L 187/1 of 26.06.2014.In the framework of the project (Project and project) Polpharma Biologics (hereinafter: „Company ”, „The Applicant ”) will conduct industrial research and development work aimed at developing an innovative platform of base breeding media and supplements used in the development and subsequent production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The technology will improve the production of biosimilar drugs. The result of the Project will allow to obtain proteins with the desired quality parameters, and thus increase the productivity of the process of production of therapeutic antibodies. In order to achieve the project’s expected results, 4 research tasks – 3 stages of industrial research and 1 stage of development. Within 3 years of the completion of the Project, its results will be implemented in the Company’s activities (by introducing the results of industrial research and development into the Applicant’s own business activity). The results of the Project will constitute an important know-how, which is the basis for the implementation of further advanced research projects – development of development. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
171535 | Smart ski | Smart Ski is a new breakthrough in ski industry, first after the introduction of carving concept in 1990s, which was also initiated by this same project team.
Smart Ski is an IT-based pair of skis. Its sliding properties, driveability and bottom surface friction can be managed by skier via smart phone, according to his/her skiing skills, weather and ski terrain. This results in all-in-one ski, for all types of skiers. Smart Ski can also fold, so it is much less bulky. Such customization directly eases users' problems with limitation - of rigid current ski solutions, and of storage space. In future, safety and software functions will be added.
Commercial potential is global - the main objective is to push through a new skiing revolution. That's why we won't develop our own commercialization, but will rather sell license to big 6 market leaders with existing sales and marketing channels, brands and global presence (Atomic, Rossignoll, Fischer, Elan, K2, HTM). First feedbacks for our prototype by their R&D departments were very positive. Some even estimated that embracing our solution will reduce their ski production costs by 30% and increase recyclability of production waste to 80%, in comparison to current state of the art. Our model also enables them to keep their brands, graphic designs, etc., and only buy know-how. This is a direct trigger for market leaders to form win-win partnerships with us.
Smart Ski thus directly responds both to end-user needs, and to targeted buyers' needs. We estimate to realize 23 mio € revenue in first 5 years through license transfer fee, fee for each sold pair of skis, and component sales.
In the feasibility study we need to 1-finish testing and developing of prototype, 2-develop in-depth market study with end-user aspects, 3-activate marketing channels and negotiate with market leaders, 4-study future financial models and contribute to business plan chapters. Our innovation project needs one last push to commercialization. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jced.0c00184 | Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Mixtures Containing Ethanol, Oxygen, and Nitrogen at Elevated Pressure and Temperature, Measured with in Situ Raman Spectroscopy in Microcapillaries | Ethanol and oxygen containing gases are mixed in a T-junction at elevated pressure and then passed into a fused silica microcapillary, located in a heating block. Inside the microcapillary a Taylor flow of alternating liquid and vapor segments is formed. The thermodynamic equilibrium composition of the liquid and vapor segment depends on pressure and temperature. Their compositions are measured inside the microcapillary using in situ Raman spectroscopy. The main results obtained therefrom are temperature-composition (Tx) diagrams at conditions relevant for combustion engines [p = (3 to 8) MPa; T = (303 to 473) K]. Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) data are derived and given in pressure-composition (px) diagrams. The investigation of different gas mixtures containing oxygen and nitrogen allows furthermore the illustration of VLE data at constant pressure and temperature in ternary diagrams. The obtained results are compared to scarce literature data. An equation of state (Peng-Robinson EOS) is furthermore adjusted to the measured results. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.5194/bg-11-1361-2014 | Relative roles of local disturbance, current climate and paleoclimate in determining phylogenetic and functional diversity in Chinese forests | The main processes underlying the generation and maintenance of biodiversity include both local factors such as competition and abiotic filtering and regional forces such as paleoclimate, speciation and dispersal. While the effects of regional and local drivers on species diversity are increasingly studied, their relative importance for other aspects of diversity, notably phylogenetic and functional diversity is so far little studied. Here, we link data from large Chinese forest plots to data on current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate as well as local disturbance regimes to study their relative roles in determining woody plant phylogenetic and functional diversity in this important hotspot for woody plant diversity. Local disturbance was the best predictor of functional diversity as represented by maximum canopy height (Hmax), probably reflecting the dominant role of competition for light in determining the forest Hmax structure. In contrast, the LGM-present anomaly in temperature was the factor with the strongest explanatory power for phylogenetic diversity, with modern climate also important. Hence, local contemporary and regional historical factors have highly contrasting importance for the geographic patterns of the functional (as represented by variation in maximum canopy height) and phylogenetic aspects of Chinese forest's woody plant diversity. Importantly, contemporary factors are of overriding importance for functional diversity, while paleoclimate has left a strong signature in the phylogenetic diversity patterns. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-01449-0_46 | Optimising Data For Exemplar Based Inpainting | Optimisation of inpainting data plays an important role in inpainting-based codecs. For diffusion-based inpainting, it is well-known that a careful data selection has a substantial impact on the reconstruction quality. However, for exemplar-based inpainting, which is advantageous for highly textured images, no data optimisation strategies have been explored yet. In our paper, we propose the first data optimisation approach for exemplar-based inpainting. It densifies the known data iteratively: New data points are added by dithering the current error map. Afterwards, the data mask is further improved by nonlocal pixel exchanges. Experiments demonstrate that our method yields significant improvements for exemplar-based inpainting with sparse data. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1976588155 | Heat Dissipation Performance of Porous Copper with Elongated Cylindrical Pores | The purpose of this paper is to investigate heat dissipation performance of porous copper with long cylindrical pores fabricated by a unidirectional solidification method. Three samples with porosity of 29.87%, 34.47% and 50.98% were chosen and cut into size of 60 mm (length) × 26 mm (width) × 2 mm (thickness) along the vertical direction of pore axis. Their heat dissipation performance was evaluated by a nonsteady method in air and compared to those of not only bulk copper but also bored coppers with porosity of 30.61% and 32.20%. It is found that the porous copper dissipated heat faster by a forced air convection than that by natural convection from 80 °C to room temperature and both porosity and pore size play an important role in the performance for the porous copper. Furthermore, the heat dissipation rate is higher when the forced air was circulated along the specimens than that perpendicular to the specimens for the porous copper. It is revealed that porous copper with bigger porosity and a proper pore size possesses a higher heat dissipation rate. It is concluded that the porous copper with elongated cylindrical pores has larger heat dissipation performance than both the bulk copper and the bored copper, which is attributed to its higher specific surface area. Application of the porous copper for heat dissipation is promising. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03061 | Nanoscale Phase Engineering of Niobium Diselenide | With the continuing miniaturization of semiconductor microelectronics, atomically thin materials are emerging as promising candidate materials for future ultrascale electronics. In particular, the layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted a significant amount of attention because of the variety of their electronic properties, depending on the type of transition metal and its coordination within the crystal. Here, we use low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for the structural and electronic phase engineering of the group V TMD niobium diselenide (NbSe2). By applying voltage pulses with an STM tip, we can transform the material crystal phase locally from trigonal prismatic (2H) to octahedral (1T), as confirmed by the concomitant emergence of a characteristic (√13 × √13)R13. 9° charge density wave (CDW) order. At 77 K, atomic-resolution STM images of the junction with sublattice detail confirm the successful phase engineering of the material, as we resolve the difference in the Nb coordination evidenced by a slip of the top Se plane. Different 1T-CDW intensities suggest interlayer interactions to be present in 1T-NbSe2. Furthermore, a distinct voltage dependence suggests a complex CDW mechanism that does not just rely on a star-of-David reconstruction as in the case of other 1T-TMDs. Additionally, bias pulses cause surface modifications inducing local lattice strain that favors a one-dimensional charge order over the intrinsic 3 × 3 CDW at 4. 5 K for 2H-NbSe2, which can be reversibly manipulated by STM. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1039/d0cp01141j | Benchmarking a new segmented K-band chirped-pulse microwave spectrometer and its application to the conformationally rich amino alcohol isoleucinol | Isoleucinol, a potential precursor to the essential α-amino acid isoleucine, has been studied using microwave spectroscopy from 2–26 GHz, with the measurements between 18–26 GHz taking place on a newly designed spectrometer. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2375748883 | The Study on the Left- Right Axis of Horizontal Dimensional Time- Space Metaphors of English in Chinese Hearing Impaired People | Chinese hearing impaired people show consistency effect of aesthesia and kinesthetic modality.According to the test,Chinese hearing impaired people show similar past,right- futuretime-space metaphors in both visual and kinesthetic modality as the normal hearing people. Meanwhile,Chinese hearing impaired people have their own characteristics different from the normal hearing people: learning and using sign language has an effect on horizontal dimensional time- space metaphors of English in Chinese hearing impaired people,and the subjects do not have the characteristics of ipsilateral dominance effect in the presented position of stimulating materials as well as the reaction. Therefore,Chinese hearing impaired people should be aided to distinguish the semantic differences in the concepts of time and space different from normal hearing people,which will contribute to the formation of their horizontal dimensional time- space metaphors of English from the left- right axis similar to the normal hearing people. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-70700-6_6 | Succinct Spooky Free Compilers Are Not Black Box Sound | It is tempting to think that if we encrypt a sequence of messages \(\{x_i\}\) using a semantically secure encryption scheme, such that each \(x_i\) is encrypted with its own independently generated public key \( \mathsf {pk}_i\), then even if the scheme is malleable (or homomorphic) then malleability is limited to acting on each \(x_i\) independently. However, it is known that this is not the case, and in fact even non-local malleability might be possible. This phenomenon is known as spooky interactions. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023877 | Distinct Regulatory Effects Of Myeloid Cell And Endothelial Cell Napdh Oxidase 2 On Blood Pressure | Background -Hypertension due to increased renin angiotensin system (RAS) activation is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Previous studies implicate NADPH oxidase (Nox) proteins as important ROS sources during RAS activation, with different Nox isoforms being potentially involved. Among these, Nox2 is expressed in multiple cell types including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells and microglia. Blood pressure (BP) is regulated at central nervous system, renal and vascular levels but the cell-specific role of Nox2 in BP regulation is unknown. Methods -We generated a novel mouse model with a Floxed Nox2 gene and used Tie2-Cre, LysM Cre or Cdh5-CreERT2 driver lines to develop cell-specific models of Nox2 perturbation to investigate its role in BP regulation. Results -Unexpectedly, Nox2 deletion in myeloid but not endothelial cells resulted in a significant reduction in basal BP. Tie2-CreNox2 knockout (KO) mice (in which Nox2 was deficient in both endothelial cells and myeloid cells) and LysM Cre Nox2KO mice (in which Nox2 was deficient in myeloid cells) both had significantly lower BP than littermate controls whereas basal BP was unaltered in Cdh5-CreERT2 Nox2 KO mice (in which Nox2 is deficient only in endothelial cells). The lower BP was attributable to an increased NO bioavailability which dynamically dilated resistance vessels in vivo under basal conditions, without change in renal function. Myeloid-specific Nox2 deletion had no effect on angiotensin II-induced hypertension which, however, was blunted in Tie2-CreNox2KO mice along with preservation of endothelium-dependent relaxation during angiotensin II stimulation. Conclusions -We identify a hitherto unrecognized modulation of basal BP by myeloid cell Nox2 whereas endothelial cell Nox2 regulates angiotensin II-induced hypertension. These results identify distinct cell-specific roles for Nox2 in BP regulation. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.15252/msb.20156526 | Determinants of RNA metabolism in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome | To decrypt the regulatory code of the genome, sequence elements must be defined that determine the kinetics of RNA metabolism and thus gene expression. Here, we attempt such decryption in an eukaryotic model organism, the fission yeast S. pombe. We first derive an improved genome annotation that redefines borders of 36% of expressed mRNAs and adds 487 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We then combine RNA labeling in vivo with mathematical modeling to obtain rates of RNA synthesis and degradation for 5,484 expressed RNAs and splicing rates for 4,958 introns. We identify functional sequence elements in DNA and RNA that control RNA metabolic rates and quantify the contributions of individual nucleotides to RNA synthesis, splicing, and degradation. Our approach reveals distinct kinetics of mRNA and ncRNA metabolism, separates antisense regulation by transcription interference from RNA interference, and provides a general tool for studying the regulatory code of genomes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
646108 | The neanderthal nose: reconstruction of shape, function and adaptations | The project N-SPIRE addresses the topic of human adaptation to climate, through the study of the morphology and function of the nose in the extinct human species Homo neanderthalensis. The ever-increasing debate around the global climate change brings along a discussion on the biological response of human populations to it. The Neanderthals are a major case study: several authors have been proposing climate as the driver of the adaptations for the species, as well as a possible cause for its extinction. N-SPIRE will use a multidisciplinary approach to reconstruct the shape and function of the Neanderthal nose. The project will rely on the only preserved nasal cavity of the human fossil record, that of the Neanderthal known as “Altamura Man”, from Southern Italy. Its 3D model is one of the main subjects of the research, together with a large digital cranial sample including both fossil and modern humans. The inner structure of the nasal cavity of Altamura will allow investigating structures previously unknown in Neanderthals. It will be finalised and tested to provide a starting point for the reconstruction of soft tissues by biomedical engineering, that will be the subject of a secondment in the UK. Subsequently, it will be designed a protocol to model the airflow in the reconstructed fossil nasal cavity. The candidate will be trained in: i) digital techniques for the study of fossils; ii) use of technologies for digital acquisition of skeletal collections; iii) computational techniques for the nasal cavity reconstruction and the simulation of nasal airflow; iv) paleoclimate of the Mid-to-Late Pleistocene of Europe. N-SPIRE is aimed at the reconstruction of the evolutionary and functional aspects of the Neanderthal nose and to ultimately investigate the possible functional adaptations related to moisture, pressure, and temperature of the air. The comparison with modern humans will help to identify possible convergent adaptations between these and the Neanderthals. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.4169/amer.math.monthly.124.7.651 | On bases that are closed under multiplication | It is well known that there is no basis for the field of real numbers regarded as a vector space over any proper subfield that is closed under multiplication. Mabry [3] has extended this result to bases of arbitrary proper field extensions. The aim of this short communication is to notice that the proof of the result concerning the reals may be adjusted to a larger class of algebras (including full matrix algebras); thereby, we subsume Mabry's result. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
173581 | Visual notify - improving deaf people's life | Visualfy is developing a suite of smartphone Apps, through which it enables people with hearing deficiencies to more seamlessly interact with their environment. Visualfy’s current minimum viable product (MVP) allows Smartphone events, such as incoming (Video)-Calls, E-mail, and Whatsapp, to be linked to different screen-flash and vibration patterns, to notify a deaf person. Therewith, the MVP solves one of several key problems. Validation of the MVP is currently under way, with early positive responses reflected through currently 5000 customers, with around 200 new customers joining per week.
It is clear that deafness can cause all kind of problems in daily life, like not being able to note alarm sounds, or simply problems with inter human communication. It is less well known that people with pre-lingual deafness (deafness before the acquisition of language) have difficulties to develop a spoken language and even to read and write, as these capabilities are tightly intervened with the formation of language (think of the spoken word forming in your brain while reading). According to the World Health Organization, partial hearing loss affects about 360 million people worldwide, 0.1% being pre-lingual. Considering at the same time a dramatically growing Smartphone penetration, even in poorer societies, establishes a growing market environment.
Initial sales of the MVP are qualitatively validating one key customer problem, and the market seems ripe for disruptive innovation, allowing the introduction of Visualfy’s Smart Space Concepts to “Improve Deaf People’s Life”. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1162/jocn_a_01067 | Early cross-modal plasticity in adults | It is known that, after a prolonged period of visual deprivation, the adult visual cortex can be recruited for nonvisual processing, reflecting cross-modal plasticity. Here, we investigated whether cross-modal plasticity can occur at short timescales in the typical adult brain by comparing the interaction between vision and touch during binocular rivalry before and after a brief period of monocular deprivation, which strongly alters ocular balance favoring the deprived eye. While viewing dichoptically two gratings of orthogonal orientation, participants were asked to actively explore a haptic grating congruent in orientation to one of the two rivalrous stimuli. We repeated this procedure before and after 150 min of monocular deprivation. We first confirmed that haptic stimulation interacted with vision during rivalry promoting dominance of the congruent visuo-haptic stimulus and that monocular deprivation increased the deprived eye and decreased the nondeprived eye dominance. Interestingly, after deprivation, we found that the effect of touch did not change for the nondeprived eye, whereas it disappeared for the deprived eye, which was potentiated after deprivation. The absence of visuo-haptic interaction for the deprived eye lasted for over 1 hr and was not attributable to a masking induced by the stronger response of the deprived eye as confirmed by a control experiment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the adult human visual cortex retains a high degree of cross-modal plasticity, which can occur even at very short timescales. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
W4388094368 | In flore novo V | Realizou-se, nos dias 17 e 18 de Dezembro de 2021, em Victoria Gasteiz, no País Basco, mais uma edição do encontro In Flore Nouo. Este encontro de jovens investigadores de Portugal, Espanha e Itália tem como objectivo principal a divulgação do trabalho de investigadores em Estudos Clássicos, ainda em início de carreira, nas vertentes de língua e cultura greco-latinas, assim como de estudos de renascimento e de recepção do legado clássico. Contando com a presença de estudantes de doutoramento e dos respectivos orientadores, as universidades que se fizeram representar foram a Università di Verona, Universidade de Lisboa, Universidad de Cádiz, Universidad de Almería, Universidad del País Vasco, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ e a Università degli Studi della Repubblica di San Marino. Os doze trabalhos aqui publicados são demonstrativos da ampla variedade de temas tratados, fazendo-se reflexões relacionadas, por exemplo, com a tragédia grega (Ésquilo e Sófocles), com temas historiográficos, e Santo Agostinho. É de notar, também, a forte presença de estudos do Renascimento, com estudos dedicados a humanistas e a recepção da literatura clássica. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1038/nature08071 | Adaptation and the evolution of parasite virulence in a connected world | Adaptation is conventionally regarded as occurring at the level of the individual organism, where it functions to maximize the individuals inclusive fitness. However, it has recently been argued that empirical studies on the evolution of parasite virulence in spatial populations show otherwise. In particular, it has been claimed that the evolution of lower virulence in response to limited parasite dispersal provides proof of Wynne-Edwardss idea of adaptation at the group level. Although previous theoretical work has shown that limited dispersal can favour lower virulence, it has not clarified why, with five different suggestions having been given. Here we show that the effect of dispersal on parasite virulence can be understood entirely within the framework of inclusive fitness theory. Limited parasite dispersal favours lower parasite growth rates and, hence, reduced virulence because it (1) decreases the direct benefit of producing offspring (dispersers are worth more than non-dispersers, because they can go to patches with no or fewer parasites), and (2) increases the competition for hosts experienced by both the focal individual (self-shading) and their relatives (kin shading). This demonstrates that reduced virulence can be understood as an individual-level adaptation by the parasite to maximize its inclusive fitness, and clarifies the links with virulence theory more generally. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
996643 | Encoding, absorption and abandonment of cultural material during migration: : the case of judeo-spanish songbooks | Since the 18th century throughout the Mediterranean basin Judeo-Spanish men and women have notated songs they want to remember in personal songbooks. Both Oriental (Ottoman Empire) and Occidental (North Africa & Gibraltar) Judeo-Spanish communities still have an enormous sung repertoire which plays a core function as identity marker. It is also centrally positioned for symbolic roles and gender negotiations. Historically, this repertoire was notated in songbooks which were created both for personal use or for transmission to their descendants.
The porousness of repertoire found within these private books which function as objects of orality demonstrate the continued absorption and interpenetration of languages and cultural references during various centuries. Songbooks served as cultural reminders of the layered identities that Judeo-Spanish speakers sought to preserve. While keeping traditional repertoire, the writers of these songbooks simultaneously absorbed important musical elements from their surroundings, demonstrating a multiplicity of cultural codes that coexist dynamically. This continual construction of their seemingly opposing roles as preservers and innovators of repertoire breaks all attempts at strict regionalism, while ensuring that certain traditional specificities remain untouched and unchanged.
The scholarship on these songbooks and their content has only been done on an individual basis, focusing on philology or ethnomusicological issues regarding contrafacta. This ground-breaking proposed study will analyze the individual songbooks as parts of a larger pan-Mediterranean corpus of Judeo-Spanish songbooks which negotiate identity transmission in an inclusive manner absorbing elements of the surrounding cultures while protecting the boundaries of the group. Through this study, I propose to elucidate transnational patterns of repertoire encoding, absorption and abandonment which can serve as a seminal theory for other mobile minority communities. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
interreg_1549 | Establishment of the Cross-border Geopark on the Karst | The main purpose is to strengthen institutional cooperation and increase coordination among the two countries in land and resources management, sustainable development and competitiveness. The project shall stimulate key players to create joint solutions for common challenges and increase the intensity of cooperation in the Karst thanks to the exchange of experiences and transfer of good practices. The strategic project CARSO-KRAS highlighted that the creation of the homogeneous area of the Karst can be achieved with the establishment of a cross-border geopark for the sustainable use of resources. The innovative approach of heritage valorization through inclusion, training and networking of local stake-holders and promotion of new business will increase the identification of local actors with the area increasing its recognition. A cross-border management plan and joint solutions are the key for the sustainable development of the Karst in favor of target groups. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1145/3227609.3227664 | Enriching Lexicons With Ephemeral Words For Sentiment Analysis In Social Streams | Lexical approaches for sentiment analysis like SentiWordNet rely upon a fixed dictionary of words with fixed sentiment, i. e. , sentiment that does not change. With the rise of Web 2. 0 however, what we observe more and more often is that words that are not sentimental per se, are often associated with positive/negative feelings, for example, "refugees", "Trump", "iphone". Typically, those feelings are temporary as responses to external events; for example, "iphone" sentiment upon latest iphone version release or "Trump" sentiment after USA withdraw from Paris climate agreement. In this work, we propose an approach for extracting and monitoring what we call ephemeral words from social streams; these are words that convey sentiment without being sentimental and their sentiment might change with time. Such sort of words cannot be part of a lexicon like SentiWordNet since their sentiment has an ephemeral character, however detecting such words and estimating their sentiment can significantly improve the performance of lexicon-based approaches, as our experiments show. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1002/grl.50118 | Economic crisis detected from space: Air quality observations over Athens/Greece | Using both satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns and a number of economic metrics, we investigate the impact of the economic crisis (from 2008 onward) on air quality over Greece, and Athens in particular. The multiannual analysis shows that NO2 columns over Athens have been significantly reduced in the range 30-40%. This decline is further supported by surface measurements of atmospheric NO2 mixing ratios. Additionally, the declining local concentrations of NO, CO, and SO2 are associated with an increase in ozone due to reduced titration by NO. In particular, regression analysis revealed that the reduction of NO2 (0. 3±0. 2 ppbv y-1) and SO2 (0. 2±0. 1 ppbv y-1) during the period 2000-2007, significantly accelerated during the economic crisis period (from 2008 onward), reaching 2. 3±0. 2 ppbv y-1 and 0. 7±0. 1 ppbv y-1, respectively. The strong correlations between pollutant concentrations and economic indicators show that the economic recession has resulted in proportionally lower levels of pollutants in large parts of Greece. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.014 | Dynamic in situ cytometry uncovers t cell receptor signaling during immunological synapses and kinapses in vivo | Upon antigen recognition, T cells form either static (synapses) or migratory (kinapses) contacts with antigen-presenting cells. Addressing whether synapses and kinapses result in distinct T cell receptor (TCR) signals has been hampered by the inability to simultaneously assess T cell phenotype and behavior. Here, we introduced dynamic in situ cytometry (DISC), a combination of intravital multiphoton imaging and flow cytometry-like phenotypic analysis. Taking advantage of CD62L shedding as a marker of early TCR signaling, we examined how T cells sense TCR ligands of varying affinities in vivo. We uncovered three modes of antigen recognition: synapses with the strongest TCR signals, kinapses with robust signaling, and kinapses with weak signaling. As illustrated here, the DISC approach should provide unique opportunities to link immune cell behavior to phenotype and function in vivo. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1038/s41564-020-0776-z | Dissimilatory sulfate reduction in the archaeon ‘Candidatus Vulcanisaeta moutnovskia’ sheds light on the evolution of sulfur metabolism | Dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR)—an important reaction in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle—has been dated to the Palaeoarchaean using geological evidence, but its evolutionary history is poorly understood. Several lineages of bacteria carry out DSR, but in archaea only Archaeoglobus, which acquired DSR genes from bacteria, has been proven to catalyse this reaction. We investigated substantial rates of sulfate reduction in acidic hyperthermal terrestrial springs of the Kamchatka Peninsula and attributed DSR in this environment to Crenarchaeota in the Vulcanisaeta genus. Community profiling, coupled with radioisotope and growth experiments and proteomics, confirmed DSR by ‘Candidatus Vulcanisaeta moutnovskia’, which has all of the required genes. Other cultivated Thermoproteaceae were briefly reported to use sulfate for respiration but we were unable to detect DSR in these isolates. Phylogenetic studies suggest that DSR is rare in archaea and that it originated in Vulcanisaeta, independent of Archaeoglobus, by separate acquisition of qmoABC genes phylogenetically related to bacterial hdrA genes. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1980594327 | Reason without much language | Language is more than a system used for interpersonal communication. Linguistic representations can also form a part of reasoning in other cognitive domains. However, it is unclear whether the role of language in non-verbal domains is a necessary one, or whether it represents an optional resource that is recruited under demanding or highly intentional processing conditions. The possible role of language in categorisation, belief reasoning, calculation and cross-domain integration is explored, together with the various sources of evidence that can inform debates on language–thought relationships. Evidence from comparative and developmental psychology, together with that from neuroscience and ‘virtual language impairment’ (verbal shadowing) suggests reduced or absent language resource can disrupt performance in non-verbal domains. Similarly results of some investigations of people with developmental or acquired language impairments suggest an association with broader cognitive impairment. However, there is a substantial and growing body of evidence from across experimental fields indicating autonomy between language and reasoning. Residual reasoning in the face of severe aphasia is described, together with possible objections to the evidence from aphasia informing language and thought debates. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1145/1595696.1595742 | Towards Accurate Probabilistic Models Using State Refinement | Probabilistic models are useful in the analysis of system behaviour and non-functional properties. Reliable estimates and measurements of probabilities are needed to annotate behaviour models in order to generate accurate predictions. However, this may not be sufficient, and may still lead to inaccurate results when the system model does not properly reflect the probabilistic choices made by the environment. Thus, not only should the probabilities be accurate in properly reflecting reality, but also the model that is being used. In this paper we identify and illustrate this problem showing that it can lead to inaccuracies and both false positive and false negative property checks. We propose state refinement as a technique to mitigate this problem, and present a framework for iteratively improving the accuracy of a probabilistically annotated behaviour model. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103922 | An image-based computational hemodynamics study of the Systolic Anterior Motion of the mitral valve | Systolic Anterior Motion (SAM) of the mitral valve – often associated with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) – is a cardiac pathology in which a functional subaortic stenosis is induced during systole by the mitral leaflets partially obstructing the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Its assessment by diagnostic tests is often difficult, possibly underestimating its severity and thus increasing the risk of heart failure. In this paper, we propose a new computational pipeline, based on cardiac cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cine-MRI) data, for the assessment of SAM. The pipeline encompasses image processing of the left ventricle and the mitral valve, and numerical investigation of cardiac hemodynamics by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in a moving domain with image-based prescribed displacement. Patient-specific geometry and motion of the left ventricle are considered in view of an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach for CFD, while the reconstructed mitral valve is immersed in the computational domain by means of a resistive method. We assess clinically relevant flow and pressure indicators in a parametric study for different degrees of SAM severity, in order to provide a better quantitative evaluation of the pathological condition. Moreover, we provide specific indications for its possible surgical treatment, i. e. septal myectomy. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1468062480 | Evaluation of CO2 gasification kinetics for low-rank Indian coals and biomass fuels | Gasification of solid fuels such as coals, lignite and biomasses has been studied using isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TG) with CO2 as gasifying agent. Non-isothermal TG of three Indian coals (two bituminous and one sub-bituminous coal), one lignite and two biomass fuels (Casuarina and empty fruit bunches) at a constant heating rate of 20 °C min−1 in the temperature range from 25 to 1200 °C showed a clear separation of DTG peaks associated with pyrolysis and CO2 gasification. Based on these studies, isothermal TG experiments were conducted in the temperature range from 900 to 1100 °C for coals and from 800 to 1000 °C for biomass fuels. These results show that the CO2 gasification rate follows coal rank for the three coals and the lignite. The two biomasses have significantly higher reactivities than the three coals. The higher reactivity of one coal is attributed to the presence of calcium-containing minerals in its inorganic matter. The kinetic parameters for each fuel were extracted from the isothermal TG results using the volumetric reaction model for the coals and a zeroth-order model for biomass fuels. Biomass and lignite are found to have a much higher reactivity index and much lower conversion time than the three coals under identical conditions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q2690043 | Working capital grant to Uniglob sp. z o.o. | The project concerns support to the entrepreneur in providing liquidity and support to day-to-day activities due to the financial difficulties that have occurred to the entrepreneur as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. Financial assistance under scheme SA.57015 (2020/N) | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W1511940202 | Agile modeling of an evolving ballistic missile defense system with Object-Process Methodology | Evolution of requirements and systems has led to the proliferation of agile development as a matter of course in the current technological landscape. The rate of change poses a significant dilemma to stakeholders regarding the amount of effort and resources they should invest in methodological practices, including modeling, design, analysis, and specification. The attempt to move quickly from concept to operation often leads to preference of expedience for gaining early time-to-market over quality and robustness. Rather than referring to the modeling vs. agility challenge as a dilemma, we perceive it as an opportunity for synergy. Building on Object-Process Methodology (OPM)—the new ISO-19450 standard, we propose an agile model-based systems engineering (MBSE) framework that facilitates, and fosters development agility and system evolution. This agile MBSE framework extends the traditional scope of system modeling to cover aspects of functional and structural evolution, phase transition, deployment feedback, and configuration interdependence. We demonstrate the applicability of agile MBSE on a hypothetical ballistic missile defense system, based on publicly available information on Iron Dome - an Israeli ballistic missile defense system with proven operational capability. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/prca.201700073 | Intersection of Proteomics and Genomics to “Solve the Unsolved” in Rare Disorders such as Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases | Despite recent rapid advances in sequencing technologies, a significant proportion of patients with rare genetic disorders do not receive a genetic diagnosis after exhaustive testing, and even fewer have a potential therapeutic target identified. Taking rare neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders as a paradigm that can be extended to other rare Mendelian disorders, this viewpoint explores the opportunities that are brought about by the integration of genomics and proteomics, as well as the limitations and remaining challenges of this newly emerging field of proteogenomics. The relevance of combining proteomic findings with genetic results for diagnosis and gene discovery is illustrated, highlighting the insights the combined analysis provides into the underlying biology and aetiology as well as the limitations of the experimental techniques. A final discussion focuses on the importance of mechanisms to enable the sharing, reuse, and analysis of source experimental data and describes some of the international initiatives that are making progress in this area. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/71 | Candidate Gravitational Microlensing Events For Future Direct Lens Imaging | The mass of the lenses giving rise to Galactic microlensing events can be constrained by measuring the relative lenssource proper motion and lens flux. The flux of the lens can be separated from that of the source, companions to the source, and unrelated nearby stars with high-resolution images taken when the lens and source are spatially resolved. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W1978923440 | Silver nanoparticle based label-free colorimetric immunosensor for rapid detection of neurogenin 1 | Neurogenin 1 (ngn1), with the functions of controlling the differentiation of neurons, determining specific neuronal subtype, and inhibiting glial differentiation, is quantitatively detected for the first time. By using specifically modified silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as the signaling element, a label-free, rapid and sensitive colorimetric immunoassay for the synthetic peptide fragment of ngn1 (amino acid sequence: AQDDEQERRRRRGRTR) is reported. The detection procedure is based on an anti-aggregation mechanism, by which ngn1 inhibits the aggregation of the probe in the presence of salt (NaClO(4)). The anti-ngn1 antibody conjugated AgNP (denoted as AgNP-Ab) is negatively charged, and mono-binding of the like-charged ngn1 to the probe will increase the surface charge density, hence enhancing the interparticular electrostatic repulsion. Along with the increase of ngn1 concentration, the color of the solution varies from red to yellow, thereby developing a feasible approach for the detection of ngn1. Using a UV/vis spectrophotometer, this assay exhibits a linear response range of two orders of magnitude, from 50 to 800 ng mL(-1), and a detection limit of 30 ng mL(-1). On the basis of these qualities, the antibody-conjugated AgNP may become a useful tool for point-of-care diagnosis of ngn1 and such a method offers a new insight on the detection of the analogous antigen fragment as well. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W4309756923 | Repercussões da autoeficácia em amamentar na satisfação sexual entre puérperas de Ribeirão Preto (SP) | anos obtiveram uma satisfação sexual mais preservada do que aquelas com idade entre os 26 a 43 anos.Constata-se que não houve repercussões estatísticas da autoeficácia na satisfação sexual das puérperas, porém, sabe-se que as variáveis analisadas são permeadas por diversas características que devem ser analisadas concomitantemente. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
283963 | The Logical Structure of Correlated Information Change | The standard logical approaches to belief revision or scientific theory change assume either that the reality under investigation is static or at least that the ontic changes are un-correlated with the doxastic/epistemic change. But in numerous situations, the very act of learning new information may change the reality that is being learnt. Such situations were studied in Quantum Physics, Economics and Social Science, but have not been much investigated from the perspective of Philosophy of Science and the Logic of Theory Change. An example is the way in which an introspective agent changes her beliefs when learning new higher-order information, i.e. information that may refer to her own beliefs. A similar situation arises when a scientist learns about a phenomenon by performing measurements that perturb the very phenomenon under study. In Quantum Mechanics, this property that “observation causes perturbation” (the so-called observer effect) lies at the basis of most applications in quantum communication. We find similar examples in Psychology when a psychological test changes the very facts under investigation. More complex such scenarios of correlated information change occur in groups of communicating agents, whenever some agents’ knowledge about the others’ belief changes influence their own beliefs.
What these examples have in common is that the very act of learning (individually or in group) can influence the results of learning, by changing the phenomena under study. In this project we develop a new unified logical setting to handle these different types of correlated information change in a multi-agent context. This setting is based on bringing together the insights and methods of Dynamic Epistemic Logic, Quantum Logic, Belief Revision Theory, Truth Approximation and Learning Theory. We plan to investigate applications of this setting to various areas of philosophy, ranging from social epistemology to philosophy of information and philosophy of science. | [
"Mathematics",
"Texts and Concepts",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
978541 | Strong axioms of infinity: frameworks, interactions and applications | In spite of their central role in modern set theory, strong axioms of infinity (or large cardinal axioms) are still surrounded by an aura of vagueness, a lack of generality and many open conceptual questions. After the study of large cardinals has evolved for over eighty years, recent results suggest that it now makes sense to develop a general theory of strong axioms of infinity in which all known large cardinals are seen as milestones in a hierarchy of mathematical principles derived from some much more general considerations about the reflective properties of the set-theoretic universe. The development of such a theory would lead to a breakthrough in our understanding of large cardinals and their role in mathematics, and provide strong justifications for their acceptance as true mathematical statements. In this project, we want to work towards this breakthrough with the help of novel combinations of concepts and techniques from different areas of set theory.
We will develop general frameworks for strong axioms of infinity that incorporate all types of large cardinals studied so far. The work of the proposed supervisor on structural reflection properties and recent pioneering results in combinatorial set theory will serve as the starting points for this work.
Moreover, motivated by the strong influence of large cardinals on the theory of definable sets of real numbers, we will study the impact of these axioms on definability at higher cardinalities. This task is closely related to one of the most important developments in modern set theory, Hugh Woodin’s programme of constructing a canonical inner model containing a supercompact cardinal.
Finally, strong axioms of infinity have recently been used with great success to answer questions in other branches of mathematics, like category theory or homotopy theory. These results opened up a wide area of possible applications of set-theoretic results that we also want to explore in our project. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.012 | Gut Microbiota-Stimulated Innate Lymphoid Cells Support β-Defensin 14 Expression in Pancreatic Endocrine Cells, Preventing Autoimmune Diabetes | The gut microbiota is essential for the normal function of the gut immune system, and microbiota alterations are associated with autoimmune disorders. However, how the gut microbiota prevents autoimmunity in distant organs remains poorly defined. Here we reveal that gut microbiota conditioned innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) induce the expression of mouse β-defensin 14 (mBD14) by pancreatic endocrine cells, preventing autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MBD14 stimulates, via Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin-4 (IL-4)-secreting B cells that induce regulatory macrophages, which in turn induce protective regulatory T cells. The gut microbiota-derived molecules, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands and butyrate, promote IL-22 secretion by pancreatic ILCs, which induce expression of mBD14 by endocrine cells. Dysbiotic microbiota and low-affinity AHR allele explain the defective pancreatic expression of mBD14 observed in NOD mice. Our study reveals a yet unidentified crosstalk between ILCs and endocrine cells in the pancreas that is essential for the prevention of autoimmune diabetes development. Miani et al. shed light on the complex interplay between the gut microbiota, immune cells, and the pancreas in autoimmune diabetes development. The gut microbiota promotes the expression of mouse β-defensin 14 (mBD14) by pancreatic endocrine cells, which play an immunoregulatory role preserving immune tolerance in the pancreas. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
337820 | Engineering DNA transfer into Cells by Precision in Electroporation | The proposal aims to understand and control the transport of DNA in electroporation process at the molecular/subcellular level such that more efficient and safer non-viral gene delivery can be achieved. The introduction of naked DNA into living cell via non-viral routes is the safest approach in gene therapy. Electroporation is the electrical disruption of biological membranes to introduce naked DNA into the cell. Due to our lack of information about fundamentals of electropores formation and DNA electrotransfer, electroporation methods still suffer from low transfection efficiency, random uptake and excessive cell damage.
The main barriers to achieving this goal are: i) understanding the creation of electropores at molecular level; ii) understanding the underlying mechanism of DNA transport across the membrane of a cell during and after electric pulses and iii) controlling the electrotransfer of DNA through these pores into a cell at molecular level. It is almost impossible to overcome these barriers based on our current rudimentary understanding of cell electroporation.
The successful outcome of this project will significantly aid the development of gene delivery into living cells, which will lead to electroporation-based therapies in the near future.To this end, I will apply a multidisciplinary approach, combining disciplines as physical chemistry, transport phenomena, DNA dynamics, biophysics and cell biology. To unveil the entire electroporation process, innovatively I will employ the integrated atomic force microscopy with micro/nanofluidics to visualize the evolution of pore size/density at the membrane level. Furthermore, to understand the DNA electrotransfer, I will study how DNA interacts with electropores and moves through them using optical tweezers and single-molecule FRET. Finally, I will dissect the role of cytoskeleton on the transport of DNA, by mapping out the relationship between the viscoelasticity of cell and location of DNA inside the cell. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1063/1.4792707 | Unconfined Slumping Of A Granular Mass On A Slope | This study investigates the gravitationally driven dynamics of dense granular materials, released from rest and allowed to flow down a slope until they stop moving. Laboratory experiments were performed in which a measured volume of material was released from rest in a cylindrical tube and spread across an unconfined rigid plane inclined at angles less than the angle of repose. Upon release, the particles initially spread outward radially. However, up-slope motion is rapidly suppressed while down-slope motion is promoted, which leads to an approximately ellipsoidally shaped deposit once the flow has been fully arrested. The flows were modeled under the shallow layer approximation and integrated numerically to capture the motion from initiation to final arrest. In modeling, two types of Coulomb-type friction models were employed. One had a constant friction coefficient, and another had a friction coefficient that depends upon the dimensionless inertial number of the motion. When the initial aspect ratio of a granular mass is small and the slope angle is low (<5°), the model with a constant friction coefficient can capture the shape of the deposit. However, when the slope angle is increased, the friction model that is dependent on inertial number becomes more important. For granular columns of initially high aspect ratios, the shallow water model fails to reproduce some aspects of the experimental observations. Finally, the dependence of the shape and depth of the deposit upon dimensionless parameters that characterize the system is examined under the constant friction coefficient model, demonstrating that the deduced scaling arguments are borne out by the numerical simulations and laboratory data. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.2105/AJPH.2014.302253 | Health Effects Of Unemployment Benefit Program Generosity | Objectives. We assessed the impact of unemployment benefit programs on the health of the unemployed. Methods. We linked US state law data on maximum allowable unemployment benefit levels between 1985 and 2008 to individual self-rated health for heads of households in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and implemented state and year fixed-effect models. Results. Unemployment was associated with increased risk of reporting poor health among men in both linear probability (b = 0. 0794; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0. 0623, 0. 0965) and logistic models (odds ratio = 2. 777; 95% CI = 2. 294, 3. 362), but this effect is lower when the generosity of state unemployment benefits is high (b for interaction between unemployment and benefits = −0. 124; 95% CI = −0. 197, −0. 0523). A 63% increase in benefits completely offsets the impact of unemployment on self-reported health. Conclusions. Results suggest that unemployment benefits may significantly alleviate the adverse health effects of unemployment among men. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1084/jem.20170229 | Critical role for Sec22b-dependent antigen cross-presentation in antitumor immunity | CD8+ T cells mediate antigen-specific immune responses that can induce rejection of solid tumors. In this process, dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to take up tumor antigens, which are processed into peptides and loaded onto MHC-I molecules, a process called “cross-presentation. ” Neither the actual contribution of cross-presentation to antitumor immune responses nor the intracellular pathways involved in vivo are clearly established because of the lack of experimental tools to manipulate this process. To develop such tools, we generated mice bearing a conditional DC-specific mutation in the sec22b gene, a critical regulator of endoplasmic reticulum–phagosome traffic required for cross-presentation. DCs from these mice show impaired cross-presentation ex vivo and defective cross-priming of CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. These mice are also defective for antitumor immune responses and are resistant to treatment with anti–PD-1. We conclude that Sec22b-dependent cross-presentation in DCs is required to initiate CD8+ T cell responses to dead cells and to induce effective antitumor immune responses during anti–PD-1 treatment in mice. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1111/tpj.12183 | Visualizing metabolite distribution and enzymatic conversion in plant tissues by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging | In comparison with the technology platforms developed to localize transcripts and proteins, imaging tools for visualization of metabolite distributions in plant tissues are less well developed and lack versatility. This hampers our understanding of plant metabolism and dynamics. In this study, we demonstrate that desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) of tissue imprints on porous Teflon may be used to accurately image the distribution of even labile plant metabolites such as hydroxynitrile glucosides, which normally undergo enzymatic hydrolysis by specific β-glucosidases upon cell disruption. This fast and simple sample preparation resulted in no substantial differences in the distribution and ratios of all hydroxynitrile glucosides between leaves from wild-type Lotus japonicus and a β-glucosidase mutant plant that lacks the ability to hydrolyze certain hydroxynitrile glucosides. In wild-type, the enzymatic conversion of hydroxynitrile glucosides and the concomitant release of glucose were easily visualized when a restricted area of the leaf tissue was damaged prior to sample preparation. The gene encoding the first enzyme in hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis in L. japonicus leaves, CYP79D3, was found to be highly expressed during the early stages of leaf development, and the hydroxynitrile glucoside distribution in mature leaves reflected this early expression pattern. The utility of direct DESI-MSI of plant tissue was demonstrated using cryo-sections of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers. The hydroxynitrile glucoside levels were highest in the outer cell layers, as verified by LC-MS analyses. The unexpected discovery of a hydroxynitrile-derived di-glycoside shows the potential of DESI-MSI to discover and guide investigations into new metabolic routes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2014108423 | Climbing vertical terrains with a self-contained robot | Vertical climbing on a variety of flat surfaces with a single robot has been previously demonstrated using vacuum suction, electrostatic adhesion, and biologically inspired approaches, etc. These methods generally have a low attachment strength, and it is not clear whether they can provide satisfactory attachment on vertical terrains with richer 3D features. Recent development of a climbing technology based on hot melt adhesives (HMAs) has shown its advantage with a high attachment strength through thermal bonding and viability to any solid surfaces. However, its feasibility for vertical climbing has only been proven on flat surfaces and with external energy supplies. This paper provides quantitative measurements for vertical climbing performance on five types of surfaces and terrains with a self-contained robot exploiting HMAs. We show that robust vertical climbing on multiple terrains can be achieved with reliable high-strength attachment. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/14 | Kic 4552982 Outbursts And Asteroseismology From The Longest Pseudo Continuous Light Curve Of A Zz Ceti | We present the Kepler light curve of KIC 4552982, the first ZZ Ceti (hydrogen-atmosphere pulsating white dwarf star) discovered in the Kepler field of view. Our data span more than 1. 5 years, with a 86% duty cycle, making it the longest pseudo-continuous light curve ever recorded for a ZZ Ceti. This extensive data set provides the most complete coverage to date of amplitude and frequency variations in a cool ZZ Ceti. We detect 20 independent frequencies of variability in the data that we compare with asteroseismic models to demonstrate that this star has a mass . We identify a rotationally split pulsation mode and derive a probable rotation period for this star of 17. 47 ? 0. 04 hr. In addition to pulsation signatures, the Kepler light curve exhibits sporadic, energetic outbursts that increase the star?s relative flux by 2%?17%, last 4?25 hr, and recur on an average timescale of 2. 7 days. These are the first detections of a new dynamic white dwarf phenomenon that may be related to the pulsations of this relatively cool ( K) ZZ Ceti star near the red edge of the instability strip. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2019)054 | Top Yukawa Contributions To Bbh Production At The Lhc | We study the production of a Higgs boson in association with bottom quarks ($b\bar{b}H$) in hadronic collisions at the LHC, including the different contributions stemming from terms proportional to the top-quark Yukawa coupling ($y_t^2$), to the bottom-quark one ($y_b^2$), and to their interference ($y_b y_t$). Our results are accurate to next-to-leading order in QCD, employ the four-flavour scheme and the (Born-improved) heavy-top quark approximation. We find that next-to-leading order corrections to the $y_t^2$ component are sizable, making it the dominant production mechanism for associated $b\bar{b}H$ production in the Standard Model and increasing its inclusive rate by almost a factor of two. By studying final-state distributions of the various contributions, we identify observables and selection cuts that can be used to select the various components and to improve the experimental sensitivity of $b\bar{b}H$ production on the bottom-quark Yukawa coupling. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2018655160 | W + W + plus dijet production in the POWHEG BOX | We present an implementation of the calculation of the production of W^+W^+ plus two jets at hadron colliders, at next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD, in the POWHEG framework, which is a method that allows the interfacing of NLO calculations to shower Monte Carlo programs. This is the first 2 -> 4 process to be described to NLO accuracy within a shower Monte Carlo framework. The implementation was built within the POWHEGBOX package. We discuss a few technical improvements that were needed in the POWHEGBOX to deal with the computer intensive nature of the NLO calculation, and argue that further improvements are possible, so that the method can match the complexity that is reached today in NLO calculations. We have interfaced our POWHEG implementation with PYTHIA and HERWIG, and present some phenomenological results, discussing similarities and differences between the pure NLO and the POWHEG+PYTHIA calculation both for inclusive and more exclusive distributions. We have made the relevant code available at the POWHEGBOX web site. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-26954-8_16 | Efficient Pseudorandom Correlation Generators Silent Ot Extension And More | Secure multiparty computation (MPC) often relies on correlated randomness for better efficiency and simplicity. This is particularly useful for MPC with no honest majority, where input-independent correlated randomness enables a lightweight “non-cryptographic” online phase once the inputs are known. However, since the amount of randomness typically scales with the circuit size of the function being computed, securely generating correlated randomness forms an efficiency bottleneck, involving a large amount of communication and storage. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.physd.2013.09.005 | Numerical study of shock formation in the dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation and dispersive regularizations | The formation of singularities in solutions to the dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (dKP) equation is studied numerically for different classes of initial data. The asymptotic behavior of the Fourier coefficients is used to quantitatively identify the critical time and location and the type of the singularity. The approach is first tested in detail in 1+1 dimensions for the known case of the Hopf equation, where it is shown that the break-up of the solution can be identified with prescribed accuracy. For dissipative regularizations of this shock formation as the Burgers equation and for dispersive regularizations as the Korteweg-de Vries equation, the Fourier coefficients indicate as expected global regularity of the solutions. The Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation can be seen as a dispersive regularization of the dKP equation. The behavior of KP solutions for small dispersion parameter Ïμ1 near a break-up of corresponding dKP solutions is studied. It is found that the difference between KP and dKP solutions for the same initial data at the critical point scales roughly as Ïμ2/7 as for the Korteweg-de Vries equation. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201306376 | Selective imaging of the angiogenic relevant integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 | Pattern seekers: For the two angiogenic relevant integrins α5β1 and αvβ3, functionalized derivatives of the selective antagonists 1 and 2 could target and discriminate between tumor cells in vivo based on their different integrin patterns and also delay tumor growth in vivo. In addition, the first α5β1-selective integrin antagonist that enables specific molecular imaging by positron emission tomography was developed. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.jcat.2016.11.010 | Effect of temperature and branching on the nature and stability of alkene cracking intermediates in H-ZSM-5 | Catalytic cracking of alkenes takes place at elevated temperatures in the order of 773–833 K. In this work, the nature of the reactive intermediates at typical reaction conditions is studied in H-ZSM-5 using a complementary set of modeling tools. Ab initio static and molecular dynamics simulations are performed on different C4[sbnd] C5alkene cracking intermediates to identify the reactive species in terms of temperature. At 323 K, the prevalent intermediates are linear alkoxides, alkene π-complexes and tertiary carbenium ions. At a typical cracking temperature of 773 K, however, both secondary and tertiary alkoxides are unlikely to exist in the zeolite channels. Instead, more stable carbenium ion intermediates are found. Branched tertiary carbenium ions are very stable, while linear carbenium ions are predicted to be metastable at high temperature. Our findings confirm that carbenium ions, rather than alkoxides, are reactive intermediates in catalytic alkene cracking at 773 K. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
280135 | Measurement-Based Modeling and Animation of Complex Mechanical Phenomena | Computer animation has traditionally been associated with applications in virtual-reality-based training, video games or feature films. However, interactive animation is gaining relevance in a more general scope, as a tool for early-stage analysis, design and planning in many applications in science and engineering. The user can get quick and visual feedback of the results, and then proceed by refining the experiments or designs. Potential applications include nanodesign, e-commerce or tactile telecommunication, but they also reach as far as, e.g., the analysis of ecological, climate, biological or physiological processes.
The application of computer animation is extremely limited in comparison to its potential outreach due to a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency. Such trade-off is induced by inherent complexity sources such as nonlinear or anisotropic behaviors, heterogeneous properties, or high dynamic ranges of effects.
The Animetrics project proposes a modeling and animation methodology, which consists of a multi-scale decomposition of complex processes, the description of the process at each scale through combination of simple local models, and fitting the parameters of those local models using large amounts of data from example effects. The modeling and animation methodology will be explored on specific problems arising in complex mechanical phenomena, including viscoelasticity of solids and thin shells, multi-body contact, granular and liquid flow, and fracture of solids. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1029/2001wr000496 | Space-local spectral texture segmentation applied to characterizing the heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity | Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity exerts a predominant control on groundwater flow by influencing advective pathways, hydrodynamic dispersion, and density-dependent instabilities. Space-local spectral texture segmentation aids in the macroscale characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of natural porous media via an outcrop analogue approach. Detailed photographic data sets were obtained for a 45 m x 3 m vertical section of glacial-fluvial sand and gravel deposit in the Fanshawe Delta area (Ontario, Canada). High-resolution texture maps of the sedimentary exposure are generated using a texture segmentation routine based on the space-local S transform with the photographic data sets used as input. Geostatistical analyses of the texture maps reveal similarity between the spatial correlation structures of spectral texture and hydraulic conductivity as determined from constant-head permeameter testing of sediment cores. Conditioned on the permeameter measurements, texture maps can be used to provide local continuous estimates of the hydraulic conductivity field at a spatial resolution equal to the sediment core dimensions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201200688 | DNA origami gatekeepers for solid-state nanopores | DNA has it covered: DNA origami gatekeeper nanoplates convert nanopores in solid-state membranes into versatile devices for label-free macromolecular sensing applications. The custom apertures in the nanoplates can be chemically addressed for sequence-specific detection of DNA. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-22177-9_25 | Conjunctive Visibly Pushdown Path Queries | We investigate an extension of conjunctive regular path queries in which path properties and path relations are defined by visibly pushdown automata. We study the problem of query evaluation for extended conjunctive visibly pushdown path queries and their subclasses, and give a complete picture of their combined and data complexity. In particular, we introduce a weaker notion called extended conjunctive reachability queries for which query evaluation has a polynomial data complexity. We also show that query containment is decidable in 2-EXPTIME for (non-extended) conjunctive visibly pushdown path queries. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1111/amet.12010 | Bird flu biopower: Strategies for multispecies coexistence inNam | Outbreaks of SARS, swine flu, and avian influenza have prompted a "One Health" effort to control diseases transmitted between species. Using ethnographic observations from Nam, I reveal how avian flu transforms strategies for living in light of human vulnerability to animals. Positing a multispecies approach to biopower, I argue that techniques for safeguarding human-animal collectivities confront heterogeneous moral codes surrounding animals' role in knowledge hierarchies, village economies, and notions of individual worth. This analysis provides a framework for reconceptualizing biopower in relation to emerging diseases and reenvisions the role of animals in the politics of life itself. Outbreaks of SARS, swine flu, and avian influenza have prompted a "One Health" effort to control diseases transmitted between species. Using ethnographic observations from Nam, I reveal how avian flu transforms strategies for living in light of human vulnerability to animals. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
interreg_1758 | INnovation and Knowledge for REgional Actions and SystEms | INKREASE - Innovation and Knowledge for Regional Actions and Systems - aims at improving innovation delivery capacity of participating regions: the main goal is to mainstream, into the different regional strategies of partners, policies and tools to increase the capacities of the various innovation ecosystems, reinforce the collaboration between research and business communities and exploit the economic valorization processes of research results.
INKREASE learning process tackles aspects related to:
- management of structured innovation networks and clusters;
- appropriate tools and mechanisms to leverage business investments in research and innovation;
- new and more effective governance models;
- sector specific needs.
INKREASE has a clear focus on the challenges emerging from RIS3 and the identification and development of new value chains to support research-enterprise cooperation. Good practices on governance models, industry-science relations management schemes, business clustering and networking experiences are taken as inspiration for the regional Action Plans.
The partnership covers 7 areas across the EU with similar RIS3 priorities and ERDF policy instruments, and includes Regional Authorities, innovation agencies and business support centers. Local Stakeholder Groups will act as keystone between regional priorities and interregional competences to be mainstreamed. Policy makers, representatives of research and business communities and other actors promoting and delivering innovation services are involved in the learning exercise, providing inputs and taking advantage of projects results.
Project activities lead to the definition of 7 Action plans aimed at improving regional policy instruments with new actions, tools and governance mechanisms, increasing production and capitalization of results, mainly in terms of number of companies collaborating with research institutions and amount of private investment on research and innovation. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
222713 | Distributed synthesis: from single to multiple agents | Computing is changing from living on our desktops and in dedicated devices to being everywhere. In phones, sensors, appliances, and robots – computers (from now on devices) are everywhere and affecting all aspects of our lives. The techniques to make them safe and reliable are investigated and are starting to emerge and consolidate. However, these techniques enable devices to work in isolation or co-exist. We currently do not have techniques that enable development of real autonomous collaboration between devices. Such techniques will revolutionize all usage of devices and, as consequence, our lives. Manufacturing, supply chain, transportation, infrastructures, and earth- and space exploration would all transform using techniques that enable development of collaborating devices.
When considering isolated (and co-existing) devices, reactive synthesis – automatic production of plans from high level specification – is emerging as a viable tool for the development of robots and reactive software. This is especially important in the context of safety-critical systems, where assurances are required and systems need to have guarantees on performance. The techniques that are developed today to support robust, assured, reliable, and adaptive devices rely on a major change in focus of reactive synthesis. The revolution of correct-by-construction systems from specifications is occurring and is being pushed forward.
However, to take this approach forward to work also for real collaboration between devices the theoretical frameworks that will enable distributed synthesis are required. Such foundations will enable the correct-by-construction revolution to unleash its potential and allow a multiplicative increase of utility by cooperative computation.
d-SynMA will take distributed synthesis to this new frontier by considering novel interaction and communication concepts that would create an adaptable framework of correct-by-construction application of collaborating devices. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2772007371 | Analysis of the coordinated operation of a hydroelectric power plant and a wind farm in Patagonia | In this work an analysis of the coordinated operation between the wind farm (WF) El Angelito and the hydroelectric power station Futaleufu, located in Chubut, Argentina, is carried out. With a power of 200MW, El Angelito would be the largest WF in the country. With this new generation, the elements of the system will not be able to handle both sources at nominal power. In particular, there would be a bottleneck in the line where the WF would be connected and in the transformer that connects the system to 500kV. To avoid this situation, a coordinated operation of both generation sources is evaluated. In this way, a heuristic algorithm is analyzed to minimize the wind and hydraulic discharge, maximizing the power generation under restrictions in the transmission system. Three modes of operation were analyzed. The obtained results, simulated in a year with real data, show the benefits of the coordinated operation. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
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