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W1985450869 | Recovery of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<i>co</i>-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from<i>Ralstonia eutropha</i>cultures with non-halogenated solvents | Reduced downstream costs, together with high purity recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), will accelerate the commercialization of high quality PHA-based products. In this work, a process was designed for effective recovery of the copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(HB-co-HHx)) containing high levels of HHx (>15 mol%) from Ralstonia eutropha biomass using non-halogenated solvents. Several non-halogenated solvents (methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, and butyl acetate and ethyl acetate) were found to effectively dissolve the polymer. Isoamyl alcohol was found to be not suitable for extraction of polymer. All PHA extractions were performed from both dry and wet cells at volumes ranging from 2 mL to 3 L using a PHA to solvent ratio of 2% (w/v). Ethyl acetate showed both high recovery levels and high product purities (up to 99%) when using dry cells as starting material. Recovery from wet cells, however, eliminates a biomass drying step during the downstream process, potentially saving time and cost. When wet cells were used, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) was shown to be the most favorable solvent for PHA recovery. Purities of up to 99% and total recovery yields of up to 84% from wet cells were reached. During polymer recovery with either MIBK or butyl acetate, fractionation of the extracted PHA occurred, based on the HHx content of the polymer. PHA with higher HHx content (17-30 mol%) remained completely in solution, while polymer with a lower HHx content (11-16 mol%) formed a gel-like phase. All PHA in solution could be precipitated by addition of threefold volumes of n-hexane or n-heptane to unfiltered PHA solutions. Effective recycling of the solvents in this system is predicted due to the large differences in the boiling points between solvent and precipitant. Our findings show that two non-halogenated solvents are good candidates to replace halogenated solvents like chloroform for recovery of high quality PHA. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1038/nature13889 | Inhibition of cell expansion by rapid ABP1-mediated auxin effect on microtubules | The prominent and evolutionarily ancient role of the plant hormone auxin is the regulation of cell expansion. Cell expansion requires ordered arrangement of the cytoskeleton but molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation by signalling molecules including auxin are unknown. Here we show in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that in elongating cells exogenous application of auxin or redistribution of endogenous auxin induces very rapid microtubule re-orientation from transverse to longitudinal, coherent with the inhibition of cell expansion. This fast auxin effect requires auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1) and involves a contribution of downstream signalling components such as ROP6 GTPase, ROP-interactive protein RIC1 and the microtubule-severing protein katanin. These components are required for rapid auxin-and ABP1-mediated re-orientation of microtubules to regulate cell elongation in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls as well as asymmetric growth during gravitropic responses. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1890/12-2102.1 | Effect Of Spatial Processes And Topography On Structuring Species Assemblages In A Sri Lankan Dipterocarp Forest | Niche and neutral theories emphasize different processes that contribute to the maintenance of species diversity and should leave different spatial structures in species assemblages. In this study we used variation partitioning in combination with distance-based Moran's eigenvector maps and habitat variables to determine the relative importance of the effects of pure habitat, pure spatial, and spatially structured habitat processes on the spatial distribution of tree species composition and richness in a 25-ha tropical rain forest of Sinharaja/Sri Lanka. We analyzed the contribution of those components at three spatial scales (10 m, 20 m, and 50 m) for all trees and the three life stages: recruits, juveniles, and adults. At the 10-m scale, 80% of the variation in species composition remained unexplained for recruits and adults, but only 55% for juveniles. With increasingly broader scales these figures were strongly reduced, mainly by an increasing contribution of the spatially structured habitat component. . . | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.079 | Influence of rolling direction on flow and cavitation in a superplastic magnesium alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing | Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of the rolling direction on the flow properties and the development of internal cavities in a magnesium AZ31 alloy. Billets were machined from the rolled alloy both parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction and then processed by equal-channel angular pressing. Tensile specimens were cut from the billets after processing and pulled to failure over a range of strain rates at temperatures of 623 and 673K. Superplastic elongations were achieved at strain rates of 10 -4-10 -3 s -1 with a measured strain rate sensitivity of ~0. 5. A quantitative examination of the internal cavities developed at 623K showed that the smaller cavities grow by diffusion growth and the larger cavities grow by plasticity-controlled growth. The results show the flow properties and the cavity morphologies are essentially identical for specimens cut both parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction. This similarity occurs because the cavities are nucleated at grain boundaries instead of at precipitates and therefore the rolling direction has no effect on either the flow or the cavitation behavior. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1017/s1743921309992584 | Towards understanding the global magnetism of the Sun and solar-like stars | AbstractThe Sun and solar-like stars possess intense and cyclic magnetic activity. In order to understand how this comes about we have developed series of 2-D and 3-D models in order to simulate their global dynamics and magnetism. We here report on our latest findings. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1080/14753820.2019.1622876 | The Virgin Embracing The Virgin Eugenio Cajes Short Lived Iconography Of Our Lady Del Sagrario In Counter Reformation Toledo | This article examines the remarkable scene of The Virgin Embracing Our Lady del Sagrario of Toledo represented in a little-known drawing by the royal painter Eugenio Cajes now preserved in the Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid. This unique drawing is the only known image that depicts the moment in which the Virgin honoured one of her sculpted effigies with her touch. After reconstructing the religious and political context of the episode’s invention in sixteenth-century Toledo, the article goes on to analyse the textual and other sources used by the artist to create this new religious iconography. As a detailed case-study, it thus offers a significant new contribution to the debate on the invention and reception of sacred images in post-Tridentine Spain. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
225075 | The european fiscal-military system 1530-1870 | FMSystem transforms the conventional narrative of the violent rise of the European states system by revealing how belligerent competition also involved cooperation. States were not autarkic actors. Their emergence was co-dependent and entailed developing ways to obtain war-making resources from beyond their jurisdictions. This project adds a new conceptual framework to understand this process and broadens the research focus to include the role of non-state actors in minor as well as major countries. It will identify the variety of war-making resources and assess how far their availability was dependent on accessing external expertise and sources of supply. The standard historical perspective will be decentred by shifting the analytical focus away from sovereign states and their political capitals, and instead towards urban ‘fiscal-military hubs’ functioning as centres of expertise, resource accumulation and production. Achieving these objectives will produce the first holistic study of the rise of the European states system, and of the relation between war and political development across the crucial phase between about 1530 and 1870. It will reveal the extent to which this process was doubly transnational, involving (i) transactions conducted through external hubs leading to (ii) the exchange of resources between states and non-state actors across political frontiers. Further, it will gauge the importance of this Fiscal-Military System to both the growing scale of warfare and the emergence of the modern sovereign state as defining the global political order. A team of researchers, closely coordinated by the PI and counselled by an international scholarly board, will examine the system through six key hubs across Europe. The research will produce a major monograph, a conference and volume engaging with global history and non-European scholarship, and a number of ground-breaking studies on regional and thematic aspects of the project. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.2514/6.2012-1510 | Span Morphing A Conceptual Design Study | The use of variable wing span to enhance flight performance and control authority of high endurance, medium altitude UAV is investigated. Asymmetric span extension is used to replace ailerons and maintain roll control over the entire flight envelope of the vehicle. The span extension required to generate a rolling moment equal to that produced by ailerons is estimated at four flight points. The study is performed using Tornado Vortex Lattice Method (VLM). 36% increase in wing semi-span is required to maintain roll authority. On the other hand, symmetric span morphing is used to reduce induced drag and enhance the endurance capability of the vehicle. 20% symmetric span morphing was found to be the optimum to reduce the overall drag of the wing by 10% at the start of cruise and 2. 5% at the end of cruise. The morphing wing structure is to be designed using Zero Poisson’s ratio Accordion honeycomb with elastomeric skins. The geometry of the honeycomb will be optimised using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimiser to minimise the structural weight of the wing while meeting various design constraints. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 78414710 A | Semiconductor memory device, information processing system including the same, and controller | To include first and second data input/output terminals allocated to first and second memory circuit units, respectively, and an address terminal allocated in common to these memory circuit units. When a first chip selection signal is activated, the first memory circuit unit performs a read operation or a write operation via the first data input/output terminal based on an address signal regardless of an operation of the second memory circuit unit. When a second chip selection signal is activated, the second memory circuit unit performs a read operation or a write operation via the second data input/output terminal based on the address signal regardless of an operation of the first memory circuit unit. With this configuration, a wasteful data transfer can be prevented, and the effective data transfer rate can be increased. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1996497307 | Gentamycin Controls Bacterial Growth during Refrigerated Storage of Piracanjuba,<i>Brycon orbignyanus</i>, Semen | Piracanjuba, Brycon orbignyanus, is an endangered Brazilian freshwater fish species. Refrigerated storage of semen is a simple and useful tool for artificial reproduction, especially when the number of brood fish is reduced. In our previous study, some extenders containing gentamycin were tested during refrigerated storage of piracanjuba semen. It was observed that semen stored in extender containing gentamycin did not retain sperm motility for longer periods compared to samples diluted in extender only, as expected. We hypothesized that the bacterial population present in piracanjuba semen was not susceptible to gentamycin, the gentamycin concentration tested did not control bacterial growth, or extender pH was not optimum for sperm storage. To test these hypothesis we (a) stored semen in NaCl-tris solution with the pH adjusted to different values; (b) quantified bacterial growth during the refrigerated storage of semen; (c) submitted some colony-forming units of different strains to susceptibility profile to penicillin, streptomycin, lincomicin, ampicillin, and gentamycin; and (d) evaluated the effects of gentamycin (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL) on bacterial growth, sperm motility and fertilization rate. Higher sperm motilities were yielded when extender pH was adjusted to 7.6. A progressive increase in bacterial population and a gradual reduction in sperm motility were observed during the 8 d of storage. Ninety-two percent of the bacterial colonies tested were susceptible to gentamycin. Semen diluted in NaCl-tris containing gentamycin at 0.1 mg/mL yielded higher motility and fully inhibited bacterial growth during refrigerated storage, and did not affect the fertilization process. Thus, the addition of gentamycin at 0.1 mg/mL of NaCl-tris pH 7.6 can be used as a routine when storage of semen for 4‐6 d is necessary. The refrigerated storage of semen improves the efficiency of artificial reproduction and consequently can promote a better recovery of this species. The piracanjuba, Brycon orbignyanus (VALENCIENNES 1849), is a teleost fish species of the Grande, Parana, and Paraguay River basins in Brazil (Godoy 1975). As piracanjuba is a migratory species, environmental changes caused by urbanization, pollution, overfishing, and dam construction, disrupted the reproductive strategies of this species and | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201322452 | Measuring Galaxy O Ii Emission Line Doublet With Future Ground Based Wide Field Spectroscopic Surveys | The next generation of wide-field spectroscopic redshift surveys will map the large-scale
galaxy distribution in the redshift range 0. 7 ≤ z ≤ 2 to measure baryonic
acoustic oscillations (BAO). The primary optical signature used in this redshift range
comes from the [Oii] emission line doublet, which provides a unique redshift
identification that can minimize confusion with other single emission lines. To derive the
required spectrograph resolution for these redshift surveys, we simulate observations of
the [Oii] (λλ 3727, 3729) doublet for various instrument
resolutions, and line velocities. We foresee two strategies for the choice of the
resolution for future spectrographs for BAO surveys. For bright [Oii] emitter
surveys ([Oii] flux
~30 × 10-17 erg cm-2 s-1 like SDSS-IV/eBOSS), a
resolution of R ~ 3300 allows the separation of 90 percent of the
doublets. The impact of the sky lines on the completeness in redshift is less than 6
percent. For faint [Oii] emitter surveys ([Oii] flux
~10 × 10-17 erg cm-2 s-1 like DESi), the
detection improves continuously with resolution, so we recommend the highest possible
resolution, the limit being given by the number of pixels (4k by 4k) on the detector and
the number of spectroscopic channels (2 or 3). | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
670874 | Rotation and Nutation of a wobbly Earth | The rotation of the Earth has long been used as a measure of time, and the stars as reference points to determine travellers’ whereabouts on the globe. Today, precise timescales are provided using atomic clocks and precise positioning is determined using geodetic techniques such as GPS grounded on two reference frames: the terrestrial frame, fixed relative to the Earth and rotating synchronously with the planet, and the celestial frame, which is immobile in space, where the artificial satellites such as those of GPS are moving. The relationship between these frames is complicated by the fact that the rotation and orientation of the Earth is subject to irregularities induced by global mass redistributions with time and external forcing such as the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon. With the advance of observation precision, the causes of Earth orientation changes are progressively being identified by geodesists and geophysicists. The term ‘precession’ describes the long-term trend of the orientation of the axis of spin, while ‘nutation’ is the name given to shorter-term periodic variations, which are the prime focus of the present project. The rotation axis of the Earth is moving in space at the level of 1.5km/year due to precession and has periodic variations at the level of 600 meters as seen from space in a plane tangent to the pole. The present observations allow scientists to measure these at the sub-centimetre level enabling them to identify further physics of the Earth’s interior to be taken into account in the Earth orientation models such as the coupling mechanisms at the boundary between the liquid core and the viscoelastic mantle, as well as many other factors (sometimes not yet definitely identified). The proposed research will address many of these and will result in the development of improved global orientation of the Earth with an unprecedented accuracy - at the sub-centimetre level. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
628653 | Digital twins for model-driven non-invasive electrical brain stimulation | Neuropsychiatric disorders are a leading cause of global disability-adjusted life years, and solutions are lacking. Can digital twins be useful? At least in some cases, we hold they will be central to progress. Recent findings suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation may be a valuable option in conditions such as epilepsy or Alzheimer's (AD). Still, a better understanding of mechanisms and patient-specific factors is needed. Personalized hybrid brain models uniting the physics of electromagnetism with physiology – neurotwins or NeTs – are poised to play a fundamental role in understanding and optimizing the effects of stimulation at the individual level. We ambition to deliver disruptive solutions through model-driven, individualized therapy. We will build a computational framework – weaved and validated across scales and levels of detail– to represent the mechanisms of interaction of electric fields with brain networks and assimilate neuroimaging data. This will allow us to characterize the dynamical landscape of the individual brain and define strategies to restore healthy dynamics. Benefitting from existing databases of healthy and AD individuals, we will deliver the first human and rodent NeTs predicting the effects of stimulation on dynamics. We will then collect detailed multimodal measurements in mice and humans to improve the predictive power of local and whole-brain models under the effects of electrical stimulation, and translate these findings into a technology pipeline for the design of new personalized neuromodulation protocols which we will test in a cohort of AD patients and healthy controls in randomized double-blinded studies. With research at the intersecting frontier of nonlinear dynamics, network theory, biophysics, engineering, neuroscience, clinical research, and ethics, Neurotwin will deliver model-driven breakthroughs in basic and clinical neuroscience, with patients ultimately benefiting from safe, individualized therapy solutions. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2012/11/025 | Investigating Gamma Ray Lines From Dark Matter With Future Observatories | We study the prospects for studying line features in gamma-ray spectra with upcoming gamma-ray experiments, such as HESS-II, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), and the GAMMA-400 satellite. As an example we use the narrow feature at 130 GeV seen in public data from the Fermi-LAT satellite. We found that all three experiments should be able to confidently confirm or rule out the presence of this 130 GeV feature. If it is real, it should be confirmed with a confidence level higher than 5 sigma. Assuming it to be a spectral signature of dark matter origin, GAMMA-400, thanks to a projected energy resolution of about 1. 5% at 100 GeV, should also be able to resolve both the \gamma\gamma-line and a corresponding Z\gamma- or H\gamma-feature, if the corresponding branching ratio is comparable to that into two photons. It will also allow to distinguish between a gamma-ray line and the similar feature resulting from internal bremsstrahlung photons. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1145/2976749.2978303 | Oφoς Forward Secure Searchable Encryption | Searchable Symmetric Encryption aims at making possible searching over an encrypted database stored on an untrusted server while keeping privacy of both the queries and the data, by allowing some small controlled leakage to the server. Recent work shows that dynamic schemes -- in which the data is efficiently updatable -- leaking some information on updated keywords are subject to devastating adaptative attacks breaking the privacy of the queries. The only way to thwart this attack is to design forward private schemes whose update procedure does not leak if a newly inserted element matches previous search queries. This work proposes Sophos as a forward private SSE scheme with performance similar to existing less secure schemes, and that is conceptually simpler (and also more efficient) than previous forward private constructions. In particular, it only relies on trapdoor permutations and does not use an ORAM-like construction. We also explain why Sophos is an optimal point of the security/performance tradeoff for SSE. Finally, an implementation and evaluation results demonstrate its practical efficiency. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
982087 | Novel mitochondria-targeted therapies for cancer treatment-induced cardiotoxicity | Cardiac toxicity is one of the most frequent serious side effects of cancer therapy, affecting up to 30% of treated patients. Cancer treatment-induced cardiotoxicity (CTiCT) can result in severe heart failure. The trade-off between cancer and chronic heart failure is an immense personal burden with physical and psychological consequences. Current therapies for CTiCT are suboptimal, featuring poor early detection algorithms and nonspecific heart failure treatments. Based on our recently published results and additional preliminary data presented here, we propose that CTiCT is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics, triggering a cardiomyocyte metabolic reprogramming. MATRIX represents a holistic approach to tackling mitochondrial dysfunction in CTiCT. Our hypothesis is that reverting metabolic reprogramming by shifting mitochondrial substrate utilization could represent a new paradigm in the treatment of early-stage CTiCT. By refining a novel imaging-based algorithm recently developed in our group, we will achieve very early detection of myocardial damage in patients treated with commonly prescribed cancer therapies, long before clinically used parameters become abnormal. Such early detection, not available currently, is crucial for implementation of early therapies. We also hypothesize that in end-stage CTiCT, mitochondrial dysfunction has passed a no-return point, and the failing heart will only be rescued by a strategy to replenish the myocardium with fresh healthy mitochondria. This will be achieved with a radical new therapeutic option: in-vivo mitochondrial transplantation. The MATRIX project has broad translational potential, including a new therapeutic approach to a clinically relevant condition, the development of technology for early diagnosis, and advances in knowledge of basic disease mechanisms. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/2016JD025111 | Radio Emissions From Double Rhessi Tgfs | A detailed analysis of Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) is performed in association with World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) sources and very low frequency (VLF) sferics recorded at Duke University. RHESSI clock offset is evaluated and found to experience changes on the 5 August 2005 and 21 October 2013, based on the analysis of TGF-WWLLN matches. The clock offsets were found for all three periods of observations with standard deviations less than 100 μs. This result opens the possibility for the precise comparative analyses of RHESSI TGFs with the other types of data (WWLLN, radio measurements, etc. ) In case of multiple-peak TGFs, WWLLN detections are observed to be simultaneous with the last TGF peak for all 16 cases of multipeak RHESSI TGFs simultaneous with WWLLN sources. VLF magnetic field sferics were recorded for two of these 16 events at Duke University. These radio measurements also attribute VLF sferics to the second peak of the double TGFs, exhibiting no detectable radio emission during the first TGF peak. Possible scenarios explaining these observations are proposed. Double (multipeak) TGFs could help to distinguish between the VLF radio emission radiated by the recoil currents in the +IC leader channel and the VLF emission from the TGF producing electrons. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
832940 | Who are we? Self-identity, Social Cognition, and Collective Intentionality | What does it mean to feel, think, and act as part of a we? During the last few decades, the topic of collective intentionality or we-intentionality has been much debated. However, the following foundational issues continue to remain underexplored and unresolved:
• How is the we related to the self?
• What does the fact that one can adopt a we-perspective tell us about the fluid character of selfhood?
• What type of social cognition is required in order to identify with and share a perspective with others?
• What kinds of interpersonal relations are at play in different we-formations?
• What is the relation between a transient we and a persisting we, and between a we that connects particular individuals who are known to each other, and a we that involves identification with a more anonymous and impersonal group?
The working hypothesis of WE is that a systematic account of the we must be embedded in a more comprehensive investigation of selfhood and social cognition. This hypothesis draws inspiration from and will engage with seminal contributions by figures in classical phenomenology.
The project will combine systematic theorizing with historical scholarship, and will challenge existing disciplinary boundaries by interweaving work on self-identity, social cognition, and collective intentionality. It will break new theoretical ground by developing a systematically convincing, phenomenologically valid, and empirically relevant account of the complex interrelation between the we, the you, and the I. In doing so, it will offer a clarification of foundational issues in the humanities and social sciences, and facilitate a much-needed cross fertilization between philosophy and theoretical considerations in the social sciences.
Given the recent upsurge of ethno-nationalism and identity thinking, a renewed critical reflection on the ontological and epistemological status of the we is of urgent societal significance. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
EP 81303171 A | Surface pre-treatment prior to underwater bonding. | The invention relates to a method of forming a metal- resin bond in the presence of environmental contamination of the metal surface by, for example, adsorbed water. The method consists of cleaning the metal surface and then coating it with a pre-treatment material adapted to displace the adsorbed contaminant and to be displaced in turn by the applied resin. The method is particularly relevant to the formation of steel/epoxy resin bonds underwater for the repair of submerged structures. The pre-treatment material may consist of a hydrocarbon solvent containing in solution a surfactant such as an ionic surfactant together with a viscous hydrocarbon such as petroleum jelly. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2108972737 | Towards Social Recommendation System Based on the Data from Microblogs | With the rapid growth of Internet and social networking websites, there are various services that provided in these platforms. For instance, Face book focuses on social activities, Twitter and Plurk are both focus on the interaction of users through short messages (which are so-called microblogs). Therefore, there are more than millions of users registered in these websites and become places where full of marketing possibilities. Thus, it is an important issue to assist companies to understand the users in the social networking websites in order to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of target marketing. In this paper, we have proposed the architecture of a social recommendation system based on the data from microblogs. The social recommendation system is conducted according to the messages and social structure of target users. The similarity of the discovered features of users and products will then be calculated as the essence of the recommendation engine. A case study will be included to present how the recommendation system works based on real data that collected from Plurk. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
670876 | Multilingual locals, significant geographies: a new approach to world literature | “World literature is literature that circulates globally. It is mostly in English. Its main genre is the novel.” These are caricatures of how World literature as a set of discourses is shaping the field of literary studies, but in fact Non-Western literatures are positioned with reference to a single global timeline and a single map, and translations supposedly ensure that worthy texts enter the global canon. What does not circulate globally is provincial, not good enough, not “world literature”.
This picture bears little resemblance to the multilingual world of literature, which consists not of a single map but of many “significant geographies” specific to language, group, and genre. By exploring the often fractured “multilingual locals” and “significant geographies” of literature in north India, Morocco, and Ethiopia—each with different experiences of literary multilingualism, colonial diglossia, and continuing oral traditions—we seek to establish a multilingual and located approach to world literature in place of meta-categories like “global” and “world”. Mindful of older histories and networks of literary multilingualism and critical of the monolingual straitjacket of modern literary histories that partition Anglophone and Francophone literature from Arabic, Amharic, and Hindi/Urdu, we focus on three periods: imperial consolidation, decolonization, and the current globalizing moment. We will study local transculturations, local debates on world literature, old and new forms of multilingualism, actors and technologies of print and orality, to highlight dynamics of appropriation rather than imitation, co-constitution rather than diffusion, and the multiplicity of choices and trajectories that together form local and transnational literary fields (“world literature”). The project will propose a theoretical approach, methods for multilingual training and research, and strategic dialogues with scholars and writers in Morocco, Ethiopia, India, UK and France. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.31 | Conflict Prevention and R2P | This chapter examines how the agenda of prevention of armed conflict relates to the principle of the responsibility to protect (R2P). While R2P was originally assumed to be fully compatible with the goals and principles of traditional conflict prevention, subsequent research has disentangled the relationship between R2P and conflict prevention, arguing that conflict prevention is a necessary but not a sufficient component of atrocity prevention, and that atrocity prevention needs to include a strategy for deterring potential perpetrators. Recent scholarship has started to examine the implications of marrying R2P to international criminal law categories. What follows from R2P’s move to crimes is an individualization of the principle, as well as a shift towards partiality, intrusion, and coercion. This means that where a threat of atrocity crimes occurs in the context of armed conflict, it cannot simply be assumed that R2P and conflict prevention are pulling in the same direction. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1008864 | Widespread conservation and lineage-specific diversification of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns across arthropods | Cytosine methylation is an ancient epigenetic modification yet its function and extent within genomes is highly variable across eukaryotes. In mammals, methylation controls transposable elements and regulates the promoters of genes. In insects, DNA methylation is generally restricted to a small subset of transcribed genes, with both intergenic regions and transposable elements (TEs) depleted of methylation. The evolutionary origin and the function of these methylation patterns are poorly understood. Here we characterise the evolution of DNA methylation across the arthropod phylum. While the common ancestor of the arthropods had low levels of TE methylation and did not methylate promoters, both of these functions have evolved independently in centipedes and mealybugs. In contrast, methylation of the exons of a subset of transcribed genes is ancestral and widely conserved across the phylum, but has been lost in specific lineages. A similar set of genes is methylated in all species that retained exon-enriched methylation. We show that these genes have characteristic patterns of expression correlating to broad transcription initiation sites and well-positioned nucleosomes, providing new insights into potential mechanisms driving methylation patterns over hundreds of millions of years. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-662-44584-6_19 | Averaging In Ltl | For the accurate analysis of computerized systems, powerful quantitative formalisms have been designed, together with efficient verification algorithms. However, verification has mostly remained boolean — either a property is true, or it is false. We believe that this is too crude in a context where quantitative information and constraints are crucial: correctness should be quantified! | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1177/1745691617693624 | Registered Replication Report Rand Greene And Nowak 2012 | In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i. e. , cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e. g. , Rand et al. , 2014) and others observing null effects (e. g. , Tinghog et al. , 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al. , 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65. 9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7. 5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0. 37 percentage points compared with an 8. 6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10. 37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15. 31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
215643 | Increase public awareness of bio-based products and applications supporting the growth of the european bioeconomy | With the five broad application areas of the BBI JU Scientific Innovation and Research Agenda, which defines the key areas around which projects should be developed, at its core, the BIOWAYS action will develop excellent promotional and educational materials and design and implement pubic engagement activities, based on this material. These activities will be focused on promoting bio-based industries and the huge potential of their products. BIOWAYS intends to meet the need for better communication of bio-based products and applications and the benefits they bring. In order to attain this ambitious challenge, the BIOWAYS Consortium proposes providing a wide range of integrated, high-level activities and tools with recognised added value for communication programmes, having EU Citizens as their main target. Tools being developed to achieve this include an innovative online collaboration platform and social network, an accessible library of bio-based products, the development of training materials, social hack days, co-creation workshops, an eConference, BarCamps and thematic Charettes. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.031 | Deep fluid transfer evidenced by surface deformation during the 2014-2015 unrest at Piton de la Fournaise volcano | Identifying the onset of volcano unrest and providing an unequivocal identification of volcano reawakening remain challenging problems in volcanology. At Piton de la Fournaise, renewal of eruptive activity in 2014-2015, after 41months of quiescence and deflation, was associated with long-term continuous edifice inflation measured by GNSS. Inflation started on June 9, 2014, and its rate progressively increased through 2015. Inflation onset was rapidly followed by an eruption on June 20-21, 2014, showing that volcano reactivation can be extremely fast, even after long non-eruptive phases. This short-lived eruption involved a shallow source (1. 3-1. 9km depth below the summit). The inflation that followed, and eruptions in 2015, involved a larger depth range of fluid accumulation, constrained by inverse modeling at ca. 3. 9 to 1. 2-1. 7km depth. This time evolution reveals that volcano reawakening was associated with continuous pressurization of the shallowest parts of its plumbing system, triggered by progressive upwards transfer of magma from greater depth. A deep magma pulse occurred in mid-April 2015 and was associated with deep seismicity (3 to 9. 5km depth) and CO2 enrichment in fluids emitted by summit fumaroles. From this date, ground deformation accelerated and the output rates of eruptions increased, culminating in the long-lasting, large-volume, August-October eruption (~36Mm3). This evolution suggests that deep magma/fluid transfer through an open conduit system first provoked the expulsion of the top of the plumbing system in June 2014, and then induced the progressive vertical transfer of the entire plumbing system down to 9km (four eruptions in 2015). The new sustained feeding of the volcano was also at the origin of the hydrothermal system perturbation and the acceleration of the eastern flank motion, which favor lateral dike propagation and the occurrence of frequent and increasingly large eruptions. Our results highlight the fast and progressive way in which basaltic magmatic systems can wake up. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.scr.2015.12.039 | Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with a long QT syndrome type 2 | We report here the generation of human iPS cell line UKKi009-A from dermal fibroblasts of a patient carrying heterozygous mutation c. 3035-3045delTCCCTCGATGC, p. Leu1012Pro (fs*55) in KCNH2 gene leading to long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). We used the Sleeping Beauty transposon-based plasmids expressing OSKM along with microRNAs 307/367 to reprogram the fibroblasts. The iPS cells possess pluripotent stem cell characteristics and differentiate to cell lineages of all three germ layers. This cell line can serve as a source for in vitro modeling of LQT2. This cell line is distributed by the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC). | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/s00348-016-2278-6 | Measurement of unsteady loading and power output variability in a micro wind farm model in a wind tunnel | Unsteady loading and spatiotemporal characteristics of power output are measured in a wind tunnel experiment of a microscale wind farm model with 100 porous disk models. The model wind farm is placed in a scaled turbulent boundary layer, and six different layouts, varied from aligned to staggered, are considered. The measurements are done by making use of a specially designed small-scale porous disk model, instrumented with strain gages. The frequency response of the measurements goes up to the natural frequency of the model, which corresponds to a reduced frequency of 0. 6 when normalized by the diameter and the mean hub height velocity. The equivalent range of timescales, scaled to field-scale values, is 15 s and longer. The accuracy and limitations of the acquisition technique are documented and verified with hot-wire measurements. The spatiotemporal measurement capabilities of the experimental setup are used to study the cross-correlation in the power output of various porous disk models of wind turbines. A significant correlation is confirmed between streamwise aligned models, while staggered models show an anti-correlation. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.011 | Unsupervised statistical learning in newly hatched chicks | The ability to extract probabilistic information from visual inputs has been reported in human adults and infants (reviewed in [1,2]), and in adults of non-human species, though only under supervised (conditioning) procedures [3]. Here, we report spontaneous sensitivity to the probabilistic structure underlying sequences of visual stimuli in newly hatched domestic chicks using filial imprinting, suggesting that statistical learning may be fully operating at the onset of life in precocial avian species. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
W1991996854 | Pediatric sagittal alignment | There is a wide variation in the regional parameters used to describe the spine and sacro-pelvis in children and adolescents. There is a slight tendency for thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis to increase with age. Pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt also tend to increase during growth, while sacral slope remains relatively stable. Strong knowledge of the close relationships between adjacent anatomical regions of the spine and sacro-pelvis is the key when evaluating and interpreting sagittal spino-pelvic alignment. The scheme of correlations between adjacent regional parameters needs to be preserved in order to maintain a balanced posture. The net resultant from these relationships between adjacent anatomical regions is best represented by parameters of sagittal global balance. C7 plumbline tends to move backwards from childhood to adulthood, where it stabilizes or slightly moves forward secondary to degenerative changes. C7 plumbline in front of both hip axis and center of the upper sacral endplate occurs in 29% of subjects aged 3-10 years, 12% of subjects aged between 10 and 18 years, and 14% of subjects aged 18 years or older. Therefore, although most normal subjects stand with a C7 plumbline behind the hip axis, a C7 plumbline in front of both hip axis and sacrum can be seen in normal individuals. However, progressive forward displacement of C7 plumbline should raise a suspicion for the risk of developing spinal pathology. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1039/c3tb20374c | PEDOT:gelatin composites mediate brain endothelial cell adhesion | Conducting polymers (CPs) are increasingly being used to interface with cells for applications in both bioelectronics and tissue engineering. To facilitate this interaction, cells need to adhere and grow on the CP surface. Extracellular matrix components are usually necessary to support or enhance cell attachment and growth on polymer substrates. Here we show the preparation of PEDOT(TOS):gelatin composites as a new biocompatible substrate for use in tissue engineering. Gelatin, a derivative of the extracellular matrix protein collagen, was incorporated into poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)-tosylate (PEDOT(TOS)) films via vapour phase polymerisation (VPP) without changing the electrochemical properties of the CP. Further, gelatin, incorporated into the PEDOT(TOS) film, was found to specifically support bovine brain capillary endothelial cell adhesion and growth, indicating that the functionality of the biomolecule was maintained. The biocompatibility of the composite films was demonstrated indicating the significant future potential of biocomposites of this type for use in promoting cell adhesion in electrically active materials for tissue engineering. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.008 | Transplanted Donor- or Stem Cell-Derived Cone Photoreceptors Can Both Integrate and Undergo Material Transfer in an Environment-Dependent Manner | Human vision relies heavily upon cone photoreceptors, and their loss results in permanent visual impairment. Transplantation of healthy photoreceptors can restore visual function in models of inherited blindness, a process previously understood to arise by donor cell integration within the host retina. However, we and others recently demonstrated that donor rod photoreceptors engage in material transfer with host photoreceptors, leading to the host cells acquiring proteins otherwise expressed only by donor cells. We sought to determine whether stem cell- and donor-derived cones undergo integration and/or material transfer. We find that material transfer accounts for a significant proportion of rescued cells following cone transplantation into non-degenerative hosts. Strikingly, however, substantial numbers of cones integrated into the Nrl−/− and Prph2rd2/rd2, but not Nrl−/−;RPE65R91W/R91W, murine models of retinal degeneration. This confirms the occurrence of photoreceptor integration in certain models of retinal degeneration and demonstrates the importance of the host environment in determining transplantation outcome. Pearson and colleagues demonstrate that transplanted cone photoreceptors can both undergo incorporation into the host neural retina and engage in cytoplasmic material transfer with host rod and cone photoreceptors. They show that the host environment plays a crucial role in determining the relative contributions of these two mechanisms to transplantation outcome. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
interreg_2934 | Application of innovation for the development of the circular economy for sustainable construction in the Mediterranean | RE-MED arises from the need to reduce the environmental and health impacts due to failures in the management of construction and demolition waste (CDW). The project aims to transfer and experiment technologies enabling CDW to be transformed into resources for the construction and maintenance of roads. The project includes the construction of CDW recycling plants and aims to leverage the societal, environmental and digital transition of Mediterranean territories. A road section integrating CDW will be built and evaluated to demonstrate the concept. A full work program will be set up and shared on the RE-MED community collaborative platform. The project will implement structured training, scientific and public dissemination, methodological guides and draft standards, as well as models of efficient economy to integrate the dimension of sustainable development in the road sector. The project also intends to support the Tunisian and Lebanese environment Ministries in order to change the regulations to facilitate the use of at least 20% of recycled aggregates in road construction, and thus open up a construction waste market. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1364/OFC.2017.M3F.6 | Bandgap Engineering In Nonlinear Silicon Nitride Waveguides | We show that controlling the bandgap of SiN provides an additional degree of freedom for engineering waveguides for nonlinear optics. We show an optimized structure with γ· max L eff = 0. 17 rad/W and absence of nonlinear loss. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3389/fendo.2014.00090 | The FMRFamide-like peptide family in nematodes | In the three decades since the FMRFamide peptide was isolated from the mollusk Macrocallista nimbosa, structurally similar peptides sharing a C-terminal RFamide motif have been identified across the animal kingdom. FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) represent the largest known family of neuropeptides in invertebrates. In the phylum Nematoda, at least 32 flp-genes are classified, making the FLP system of nematodes unusually complex. The diversity of the nematode FLP complement is most extensively mapped in Caenorhabditis elegans, where over 70 FLPs have been predicted. FLPs have shown to be expressed in the majority of the 302 C. elegans neurons including interneurons, sensory neurons, and motor neurons. The vast expression of FLPs is reflected in the broad functional repertoire of nematode FLP signaling, including neuroendocrine and neuromodulatory effects on locomotory activity, reproduction, feeding, and behavior. In contrast to the many identified nematode FLPs, only few peptides have been assigned a receptor and there is the need to clarify the pathway components and working mechanisms of the FLP signaling network. Here, we review the diversity, distribution, and functions of FLPs in nematodes. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04438 | Measuring Nano- to Microstructures from Relayed Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR | We show how dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR can be used in combination with models for polarization dynamics to determine the domain sizes in complex materials. By selectively doping a source component with radicals and leaving the target undoped, we can measure experimental polarization buildup curves which can be compared with simulations based on heterogeneous distributions of polarization within the sample. The variation of the integrated DNP enhancement as a function of the polarization time is found to be characteristic of the geometry. We demonstrate the method experimentally on four different systems where we successfully determine domain sizes between 200 and 20 000 nm, specifically in powdered histidine hydrochloride monohydrate, pore lengths of mesoporous silica materials, and two domain sizes in two-component polymer film coatings. Additionally, we find that even in the apparently homogeneous frozen solutions used as polarization sources in most DNP experiments, polarization is relayed from protons near the radicals to the bulk of the solution by spin diffusion, which explains the experimentally observed buildup times in these samples. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-29654-4_6 | The Early Evolution Of Biting Chewing Performance In Hexapoda | Insects show a plethora of different mandible shapes. It was advocated that these mandible shapes are mainly a function of different feeding habits. This hypothesis was tested on a larger sampling of non-holometabolan biting–chewing insects with additional tests to understand the interplay of mandible function, feeding guild, and phylogeny. The results show that at the studied systematic level, variation in mandible biting–chewing effectivity is regulated to a large extent by phylogenetic history and the configuration of the mandible joints rather than the food preference of a given taxon. Additionally, lineages with multiple mandibular joints such as primary wingless hexapods show a wider functional space occupation of mandibular effectivity than dicondylic insects (= silverfish + winged insects) at significantly different evolutionary rates. The evolution and occupation of a comparably narrow functional performance space of dicondylic insects is surprising given the low effectivity values of this food uptake solution. Possible reasons for this relative evolutionary “stasis” are discussed. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/s11579-012-0075-4 | Partially informed noise traders | The single auction equilibrium of Kyle's (1985) is studied, in which noise traders may be partially informed, or alternatively they can be manipulated. Unlike Kyle's assumption that the quantity traded by the noise traders is independent of the asset value, we assume that the noise traders are able to correlate their trade with the true price. This has several implications for the equilibrium, one being that the informed trader's expected profits decrease as the noise traders' ability to correlate positively improve. In the limit, the noise traders do not lose on average, and the informed trader makes zero expected profits. When the correlation is negative, we interpret this as manipulation. In this case the insider makes the highest expected profits, and the informativeness of prices is at its minimum. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
616797 | 3D Euler, Vortex Dynamics and PDE | This proposal deals with a collection of problems in PDE arising from fluid mechanics.The primary motivation is the understanding of the evolution of isolated vortex lines for 3D Euler. The importance of the evolution of vorticity in incompressible fluid mechanics is very well known.
To date, only nonrigorous approaches are known to try to obtain an evolution equation for isolated vortex lines. Two desingularization procedures are carried out (including a time renormalization) to obtain an evolution equation (the binormal equation). While an isolated vortex line does not fit any known concept of solution (given the singularity of the velocity), and there has been significant recent activity on the nonuniqueness of solutions of Euler (De Lellis & Szekelyhidi, and recently Isett) it is expected that the geometric assumptions made about the solution will still make it possible to find a suitable concept of solution. In the proposal I describe an approach that should help to rigorously understand vortex lines. It is motivated by a programme developed for the Surface Quasi-Geostrophic (SQG) equation with C. Fefferman and for some related desingularized models with my student Zoe Atkins (Nov 2012 PhD).
SQG has been of great interest in the PDE community due to the striking similarities it exhibits with 3D Euler. In particular, the evolution of sharp fronts for SQG corresponds to the evolution of vortex lines. In recent years I have developed an approach that overcomes the divergences known to exist for the velocity field (as in 3D Euler). The positive results obtained for SQG motivate the methodology and tools described in the proposal, including the construction of solutions with very large gradients and simple geometry and the use of a measure-theoretic approach to identify fundamental curves within these objects. Surprising connections with other equations motivate some other directions and linked projects, for example with Prandtl and boundary layer ther theory. | [
"Mathematics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/data4010041 | A High-Resolution Global Gridded Historical Dataset of Climate Extreme Indices | Climate extreme indices (CEIs) are important metrics that not only assist in the analysis of regional and global extremes in meteorological events, but also aid climate modellers and policymakers in the assessment of sectoral impacts. Global high-spatial-resolution CEI datasets derived from quality-controlled historical observations, or reanalysis data products are scarce. This study introduces a new high-resolution global gridded dataset of CEIs based on sub-daily temperature and precipitation data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The dataset called “CEI_0p25_1970_2016” includes 71 annual (and in some cases monthly) CEIs at 0. 25 ∘ × 0. 25 ∘ gridded resolution, covering 47 years over the period 1970–2016. The data of individual indices are publicly available for download in the commonly used Network Common Data Form 4 (NetCDF4) format. Potential applications of CEI_0p25_1970_2016 presented here include the assessment of sectoral impacts (e. g. , Agriculture, Health, Energy, and Hydrology), as well as the identification of hot spots (clusters) showing similar historical spatial patterns of high/low temperature and precipitation extremes. CEI_0p25_1970_2016 fills gaps in existing CEI datasets by encompassing not only more indices, but also by being the only comprehensive global gridded CEI data available at high spatial resolution. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1364/OL.40.000950 | Active Phase Nulling Of The Self Mixing Phase In A Terahertz Frequency Quantum Cascade Laser | We demonstrate an active phase-nulling scheme for terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) under optical feedback, by active electronic feedback control of the emission frequency. Using this scheme, the frequency tuning rate of a THz QCL is characterized, with significantly reduced experimental complexity compared to alternative approaches. Furthermore, we demonstrate real-time displacement sensing of targets, overcoming the resolution limits imposed by quantization in previously implemented fringe-counting methods. Our approach is readily applicable to high-frequency vibrometry and surface profiling of targets, as well as frequency-stabilization schemes for THz QCLs. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2087100830 | Optimal load curtailment using multi-objective fuzzy linear programming method | In this paper, the optimal load curtailment (OLC) problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization framework, which objectives include maximizing the security margin and minimizing the cost incurred for load curtailment. A new and comprehensive multi-objective fuzzy linear programming (MFLP) method is developed to solve this presented OLC model. Using the MFLP method, objectives and constrains of the OLC model are fuzzied and their enforcements are maximized. The MFLP model can deal with the uncertainties that exist in certain variables and overcome the limitations of minor constraint violations in normal LP model. The effectiveness of the developed method is tested on the modified IEEE 30 bus system and the IEEE 118 bus system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
Q4752231 | TIR.SO.S.C.C._BANDO SERVIZI INNOVAZIONE TURISMO MPMI 2018 | IL PIANO DI INNOVAZIONE PROPONE LÂ IMPLEMENTAZIONE DI STRUMENTI GESTIONALI INFORMATICI E INTEGRATI ATTI A FAVORIRE LÂ INNOVAZIONE DI PROCESSO. LE ATTIVITÃ E PROCESSI AZIENDALI SUI QUALI SI INTENDE INTERVENIRE RIGUARDANO:IL PROCESSO DI PRENOTAZIONE ONLINE E L'INTEGRAZIONE CON L'INTERO PROCESSO DI GESTIONE DEL CLIENTE; LE ATTIVITÃ DELLA GESTIONE DELLE PRENOTAZIONI, DEI SOLLECITI, DEI PREVENTIVI, DELLE E-MAIL POST SOGGIORNO PER ATTIVARE LE RECENSIONI SPONTANEE, PROFILAZIONE E GESTIONE DEI CLIENTI (CRM); PIANIFICAZIONE DI UNA STRATEGIA DI CONTENUTI DIGITALI CHE COMPRENDA LA REDAZIONE DEI CONTENUTI, LA CONDIVISIONE ATTRAVERSO I SOCIAL, LA RICERCA DI CONTENUTI AD HOC PER IL TARGET DELL'ALBERGO; MONITORAGGIO DEGLI INDICATORI ECONOMICI PRINCIPALI LEGATI AI CANALI DIGITALI ATTIVATI. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
US 2006/0013785 W | COMPOSITIONS AND USES OF A GALECTIN FOR TREATMENT OF DRY EYE SYNDROME | Methods for the therapeutic treatment of dry eye in mammals comprising administering to a mammal afflicted with an epithelial wound a therapeutically effective amount of a galectin-1 protein, a galectin-3, a galectin-7 protein and/or a galectin-8 protein are provided. Pharmaceutical and ophthalmic compositions and kits, comprising a pharmaceutically an active agent which is a galectin-1 protein, a galectin-3 protein, galectin-7 protein and/or a galectin-8 protein, and a suitable carrier or a diluent, are provided. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1111/nph.16047 | Winter's bite: beech trees survive complete defoliation due to spring late-frost damage by mobilizing old C reserves | Late frost can destroy the photosynthetic apparatus of trees. We hypothesized that this can alter the normal cyclic dynamics of C-reserves in the wood. We measured soluble sugar concentrations and radiocarbon signatures (Δ14C) of soluble nonstructural carbon (NSC) in woody tissues sampled from a Mediterranean beech forest that was completely defoliated by an exceptional late frost in 2016. We used the bomb radiocarbon approach to estimate the time elapsed since fixation of mobilized soluble sugars. During the leafless period after the frost event, soluble sugar concentrations declined sharply while Δ14C of NSC increased. This can be explained by the lack of fresh assimilate supply and a mobilization of C from reserve pools. Soluble NSC became increasingly older during the leafless period, with a maximum average age of 5 yr from samples collected 27 d before canopy recovery. Following leaf re-growth, soluble sugar concentrations increased and Δ14C of soluble NSC decreased, indicating the allocation of new assimilates to the stem soluble sugars pool. These data highlight that beech trees rapidly mobilize reserve C to survive strong source–sink imbalances, for example due to late frost, and show that NSC is a key trait for tree resilience under global change. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1093/gbe/evw074 | De novo genes arise at a slow but steady rate along the primate lineage and have been subject to incomplete lineage sorting | De novo protein-coding gene origination is increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary mechanism. However, there remains a large amount of uncertainty regarding the frequency of these events and themechanisms and speed of gene establishment. Here, we describe a rigorous search for cases of de novo gene origination in the great apes. We analyzed annotated proteomes as well as full genomic DNA and transcriptional and translational evidence. It is notable that results vary between database updates due to the fluctuating annotation of these genes. Nonetheless we identified 35 de novo genes: 16 human-specific; 5 human and chimpanzee specific; and 14 that originated prior to the divergence of human, chimpanzee, and gorilla and are found in all three genomes. The taxonomically restricted distribution of these genes cannot be explained by loss in other lineages. Each gene is supported by an open reading frame-creating mutation that occurred within the primate lineage, andwhich is not polymorphic in any species. Similarly to previous studies we find that the de novo genes identified are short and frequently located near pre-existing genes. Also, they may be associated with Alu elements and prior transcription and RNA-splicing at the locus. Additionally,we report the first case of apparent independent lineage sorting of a de novo gene. The gene is present in human and gorilla, whereas chimpanzee has the ancestral noncoding sequence. This indicates a long period of polymorphism prior to fixation and thus supports a model where de novo genes may, at least initially, have a neutral effect on fitness. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2016)133 | The Nnlo Qcd Corrections To Z Boson Production At Large Transverse Momentum | The transverse momentum distribution of massive neutral vector bosons can be measured to high accuracy at hadron colliders. The transverse momentum is caused by a partonic recoil, and is determined by QCD dynamics. We compute the single and double-differential transverse momentum distributions for fully inclusive Z/γ
∗ production including leptonic decay to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. We also compute the same distributions normalised to the cross sections for inclusive Z/γ
∗ production, i. e. integrated over the transverse momentum of the lepton pair. We compare our predictions for the fiducial cross sections to the 8 TeV data set from the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, which both observed a tension between data and NLO theory predictions, using the experimental cuts and binning. We find that the inclusion of the NNLO QCD effects does not fully resolve the tension with the data for the unnormalised p
distribution. However, we observe that normalising the NNLO Z-boson transverse momentum distribution by the NNLO Drell-Yan cross section substantially improves the agreement between experimental data and theory, and opens the way for precision QCD studies of this observable. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
169989 | Policies, innovation and networks for enhancing opportunities for china europe water cooperation | The overall objective of PIANO is to create a strategic cooperation partnership for water research and innovation between Europe and China, promoting the creation of networks of companies (including SMEs), entrepreneurs, not for profit organisations, policy makers, regulators and funding bodies to create business and social opportunities for China Europe Water Cooperation. PIANO will contribute to and is endorsed by the China Europe Water Platform (CEWP), and its 10 active EU Member States.
First, PIANO will strengthen the existing CEWP network to create a comprehensive China Europe water research and innovation network. Second, based on a comparative analysis of the water innovation landscape in Europe and China, PIANO will identify European technological water innovations with potential for implementation and replication in China. In addition, PIANO will identify opportunities for joint development to address water challenges, where both Europe and China lack market ready technological water innovations. Third, PIANO will identify drivers and barriers for implementation and replication of technical innovations. PIANO will also identify strategies to overcome obstacles and take advantage of drivers, to facilitate creation of business opportunities. Fourth, PIANO will promote knowledge exchange and a policy dialogue to create an enabling environment for the uptake of technological water innovations. Fifth, PIANO will develop a shared strategic research and innovation agenda between Europe and China in the water sector.
PIANO will align with current and future strategic initiatives to optimise opportunities for the EU and China across the water sector. To ensure success and achieve high impact, PIANO will be executed by a consortium of 9 leading European partners from both public and private sectors. Also, 13 leading Chinese partners are active PIANO participants, including the Ministries of Water Resources and of Environmental Protection. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.5194/acp-12-2345-2012 | Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code: a flexible method for solution of the birth-death equations | Abstract. The Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) is presented and explored. This program was created to study the first steps of atmospheric new particle formation by examining the formation of molecular clusters from atmospherically relevant molecules. The program models the cluster kinetics by explicit solution of the birth–death equations, using an efficient computer script for their generation and the MATLAB ode15s routine for their solution. Through the use of evaporation rate coefficients derived from formation free energies calculated by quantum chemical methods for clusters containing dimethylamine or ammonia and sulphuric acid, we have explored the effect of changing various parameters at atmospherically relevant monomer concentrations. We have included in our model clusters with 0–4 base molecules and 0–4 sulfuric acid molecules for which we have commensurable quantum chemical data. The tests demonstrate that large effects can be seen for even small changes in different parameters, due to the non-linearity of the system. In particular, changing the temperature had a significant impact on the steady-state concentrations of all clusters, while the boundary effects (allowing clusters to grow to sizes beyond the largest cluster that the code keeps track of, or forbidding such processes), coagulation sink terms, non-monomer collisions, sticking probabilities and monomer concentrations did not show as large effects under the conditions studied. Removal of coagulation sink terms prevented the system from reaching the steady state when all the initial cluster concentrations were set to the default value of 1 m−3, which is probably an effect caused by studying only relatively small cluster sizes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/s10711-013-9933-3 | The boundary of the Milnor fibre of complex and real analytic non-isolated singularities | Let $$f$$f and $$g$$g be holomorphic function-germs vanishing at the origin of complex analytic germs of dimension three. Suppose that they have no common irreducible component and that the real analytic map-germ $$f\bar{g}$$fg¯ has an isolated critical value at 0. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the real analytic map-germ $$f\bar{g}$$fg¯ to have a Milnor fibration and we prove that in this case the boundary of its Milnor fibre is a Waldhausen manifold. As an intermediate milestone we describe geometrically the Milnor fibre of map-germs of the form $$f\bar{g}$$fg¯ defined in a complex surface germ, and we prove an A’Campo-type formula for the zeta function of its monodromy. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
US 2004/0017083 W | OLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS WITH ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS | The invention provides for methods of manufacturing an oligonucleotide comprising a pentavalent phosphate triester. In particular, the method comprises providing a 5' blocked-nucleoside, deblocking the 5' blocked-nucleoside to form a 5' OH-nucleoside, coupling the 5' OH-nucleoside with a phosphoramidite to form and oligonucleotide comprising a trivalent phosphite triester; and oxidizing the oligonucleotide comprising a trivalent phosphite triester to the oligonucleotide comprising a pentavalent phosphate triester. In some embodiments, the wash between any of the steps above is with at least one solvent wash comprising a toluene. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.03.005 | Inequality, redistribution and cultural integration in the Welfare State | This paper constructs a simple theoretical political economy model to analyze the dynamic interactions between redistribution, public good provision and cultural integration of minority groups. Cultural differentiation erodes the support for general public good provision and vertical redistribution, reducing in turn the attractiveness of adoption of the mainstream culture by the minority groups. Our model shows the possibility for multiple politico-cultural steady state trajectories depending strongly on the initial degree of cultural differentiation in the society. An exogenous increase in income inequality is shown to increase the likelihood of multiple steady state trajectories. In a context with multiple minority groups, cultural fragmentation favors integration into the mainstream culture. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1007/s00236-020-00374-7 | Indecision and delays are the parents of failure—taming them algorithmically by synthesizing delay-resilient control | AbstractThe possible interactions between a controller and its environment can naturally be modelled as the arena of a two-player game, and adding an appropriate winning condition permits to specify desirable behavior. The classical model here is the positional game, where both players can (fully or partially) observe the current position in the game graph, which in turn is indicative of their mutual current states. In practice, neither sensing and actuating the environment through physical devices nor data forwarding to and from the controller and signal processing in the controller are instantaneous. The resultant delays force the controller to draw decisions before being aware of the recent history of a play and to submit these decisions well before they can take effect asynchronously. It is known that existence of a winning strategy for the controller in games with such delays is decidable over finite game graphs and with respect to $$\omega $$
ω
-regular objectives. The underlying reduction, however, is impractical for non-trivial delays as it incurs a blow-up of the game graph which is exponential in the magnitude of the delay. For safety objectives, we propose a more practical incremental algorithm successively synthesizing a series of controllers handling increasing delays and reducing the game-graph size in between. It is demonstrated using benchmark examples that even a simplistic explicit-state implementation of this algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art symbolic synthesis algorithms as soon as non-trivial delays have to be handled. We furthermore address the practically relevant cases of non-order-preserving delays and bounded message loss, as arising in actual networked control, thereby considerably extending the scope of regular game theory under delay. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103336 | Work-family guilt as a straightjacket. An interview and diary study on consequences of mothers' work-family guilt | Working mothers often experience guilt when balancing work and family responsibilities. We examined consequences of work-family guilt with an interview study (N = 28) and daily diary study (N = 123). The interview study revealed that as a result of work-family guilt, parents tended to either reappraise the situation (e. g. , emphasizing financial importance of work) or compensate for their guilt by adapting their parenting, adapting their work, and by sacrificing their leisure. Consistently, the diary study (where mothers completed online daily questionnaires over 8 consecutive days) revealed that higher work-family guilt was related to more traditional gender behaviors in mothers. Specifically, mothers (a) thought more about reducing their working hours, (b) reduced the time they planned for themselves, and (c) planned to reserve more time and energy for their children in the future although no changes in actual parenting behaviors were observed. Moreover, the diary study demonstrated that work-family guilt is associated with lower well-being for mothers. Together, these studies illuminate how work-family guilt may motivate mothers to comply with gender norms in which they prioritize caregiving tasks over their work. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2591177462 | The gas isotope interpretation tool: A novel method to better predict production decline | Production decline prediction is important to understand the performance and life span of oil and gas wells. The most common prediction method is decline curve fitting based on available production rate data. Such data are fit with different equations that extrapolate to future time. However, the parameters are commonly poorly constrained, especially when the production rate data are limited. In this study, we establish a novel gas isotope interpretation tool to better predict the resource quantity and life span of producing gas wells. This tool is based on the evolution of methane carbon isotope ratios (δ13C1) caused by different gas-releasing processes during production. It requires (1) real-time methane carbon isotope ratio data, (2) continuous gas production rate data for a certain period of time, and (3) basic geological and engineering conditions. We successfully applied the production decline prediction tool to a producing shale gas well in the Barnett Shale. We obtained real-time δ13C1 data for approximately 1 yr using our proprietary, field-deployable gas chromatography–infrared isotope ratio analyzer. The prediction in this well from the isotope method showed a total reserve of up to 7.34–7.75 BCF (2.07–2.19 × 108 m3), which was used to constrain the production decline trend of the study well. The measured production rate data were first fit using the Arps equation, which then joined to an exponential decline curve smoothly at approximately 10 yr, such that the cumulative production calculation from integration of the product rate curve equaled to the total reserve predicted by the isotope method. The novel production decline prediction method thus provided important constraint on the future well production and expected ultimate recoverable reserves. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.090601 | Variational approach to enhanced sampling and free energy calculations | The ability of widely used sampling methods, such as molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations, to explore complex free energy landscapes is severely hampered by the presence of kinetic bottlenecks. A large number of solutions have been proposed to alleviate this problem. Many are based on the introduction of a bias potential which is a function of a small number of collective variables. However constructing such a bias is not simple. Here we introduce a functional of the bias potential and an associated variational principle. The bias that minimizes the functional relates in a simple way to the free energy surface. This variational principle can be turned into a practical, efficient, and flexible sampling method. A number of numerical examples are presented which include the determination of a three-dimensional free energy surface. We argue that, beside being numerically advantageous, our variational approach provides a convenient and novel standpoint for looking at the sampling problem. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1007/s11098-017-0909-2 | Truth: explanation, success, and coincidence | Inflationists have argued that truth is a causal-explanatory property on the grounds that true belief facilitates practical success: we must postulate truth to explain the practical success of certain actions performed by rational agents. Deflationists, however, have a seductive response. Rather than deny that true belief facilitates practical success, the deflationist maintains that the sole role for truth here is as a device for generalisation. In particular, each individual instance of practical success can be explained only by reference to a relevant instance of a T-schema; the role of truth is just to generalise over these individualised explanations. I present a critical problem for this strategy. Analogues of the deflationist’s individualised explanations can be produced by way of explanation of coincidental instances of practical success where the agent merely has the right false beliefs. By deflationary lights, there is no substantive explanatory difference between such coincidental and non-coincidental instances of practical success. But the non-/coincidental distinction just is an explanatory distinction. The deflationist’s individualised explanations of non-coincidental instances of practical success must therefore be inadequate. However, I argue that the deflationist’s prospects for establishing an explanatory contrast between these cases by supplementing her individualised explanations are, at best, bleak. The inflationist, by contrast, is entitled to the obvious further explanatory premise needed to make sense of the distinction. As such, pending some future deflationary rejoinder, the deflationary construal of the principle that true belief facilitates practical success must be rejected; and with it the deflationary conception of truth. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201402765 | Towards high-performance lewis acid organocatalysis | The combination of Lewis acid organocatalysis and internal hydrogen-bond assistance was used to develop a new type of highly active disulfonimide catalyst. The increased Lewis acidity was documented by activity comparisons as well as theoretical investigations. Finally, the potential of the hydrogen-bond-assisted disulfonimide catalyst was demonstrated by its application in an enantioselective transformation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W1924847045 | 4Es and 4 Poles model of sustainability | Purpose The paper is conceptual in nature and explores the role and function of project management in the achievement of sustainability in the built environment by developing a 4Es (Economic, Effectiveness, Efficiency and Ethics) and 4 Poles (Economic, Social, Environmental and Technology) model of sustainability. The study also identifies that the existing debates on sustainability seem to marginalise project management's positive contributions to sustainable construction, as well as the importance of technology in the sustainability agenda. Design/methodology/approach The paper consists of a literature review on the concept of sustainability, the contribution of the built environment to the sustainability problem, and an intellectual discussion of a proposed model for achieving sustainable development in the built environment. The body of this paper is divided into three sections: part one reviews “what is sustainability”, part two discusses the current state of sustainability including the importance of technology, and part three discusses the 4Es and 4 Poles model. Findings This research establishes the importance of technology in the sustainable development agenda. The paper proposes a 4Es (project management model) and 4 Poles (poles or factors of sustainability) model as a holistic approach to achieving sustainable construction. In addition, this paper proposes an extension to the definition of sustainable construction or development, as the existing definitions seem to be vague. Research limitations/implications This research paper focuses only on sustainability in the built environment and sustainable development with reference to project management. Practical implications The proposed model uses a project management approach, which does not allow trade‐offs, but promotes integration of the 4 Poles. This will contribute to the achievement of sustainable construction at every level of a project or organisation. Originality/value The proposed model is new within project management and the built environment. It also promotes technology as a core factor in achieving sustainable development. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1002/adma.201806817 | Enhancing Light Emission in Interface Engineered Spin-OLEDs through Spin-Polarized Injection at High Voltages | The quest for a spin-polarized organic light-emitting diode (spin-OLED) is a common goal in the emerging fields of molecular electronics and spintronics. In this device, two ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes are used to enhance the electroluminescence intensity of the OLED through a magnetic control of the spin polarization of the injected carriers. The major difficulty is that the driving voltage of an OLED device exceeds a few volts, while spin injection in organic materials is only efficient at low voltages. The fabrication of a spin-OLED that uses a conjugated polymer as bipolar spin collector layer and ferromagnetic electrodes is reported here. Through a careful engineering of the organic/inorganic interfaces, it is succeeded in obtaining a light-emitting device showing spin-valve effects at high voltages (up to 14 V). This allows the detection of a magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) enhancement on the order of a 2. 4% at 9 V for the antiparallel (AP) configuration of the magnetic electrodes. This observation provides evidence for the long-standing fundamental issue of injecting spins from magnetic electrodes into the frontier levels of a molecular semiconductor. The finding opens the way for the design of multifunctional devices coupling the light and the spin degrees of freedom. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.3389/fnsys.2015.00097 | Metastable dynamics in heterogeneous neural fields | We present numerical simulations of metastable states in heterogeneous neural fields that are connected along heteroclinic orbits. Such trajectories are possible representations of transient neural activity as observed, for example, in the electroencephalogram. Based on previous theoretical findings on learning algorithms for neural fields, we directly construct synaptic weight kernels from Lotka-Volterra neural population dynamics without supervised training approaches. We deliver a MATLAB neural field toolbox validated by two examples of one- and two-dimensional neural fields. We demonstrate trial-to-trial variability and distributed representations in our simulations which might therefore be regarded as a proof-of-concept for more advanced neural field models of metastable dynamics in neurophysiological data. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1021/cg201269c | Comparative investigation of supersaturation and automated direct nucleation control of crystal size distributions using ATR-UV/vis spectroscopy and FBRM | The paper presents a thorough evaluation of different control strategies used in cooling crystallization, namely, unseeded linear cooling, seeded linear cooling, supersaturation control, and automated direct nucleation control. The sensitivity and robustness of supersaturation and automated direct nucleation control approaches are evaluated by varying different process parameters, such as seed loading and heating and cooling rates for the crystallization of paracetamol in isopropyl alcohol. The supersaturation control approach uses concentration information provided by ATR-UV/vis spectroscopy, while the direct nucleation control approach is based on focused beam reflectance measurements. Various statistics were used to assess the performance of each approach and it has been shown that the automated direct nucleation control approach, which requires no prior information about the system, outperformed the other control strategies. For the paracetamol in isopropyl alcohol system, significant variations were found in the metastable zone width in the presence of crystals, which were responsible for the poor performance of the control strategies other than the automated direct nucleation control approach. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nclimate1906 | Effects of interannual climate variability on tropical tree cover | Climatic warming is substantially intensifying the global water cycle and is projected to increase rainfall variability. Using satellite data, we show that higher climatic variability is associated with reduced tree cover in the wet tropics globally. In contrast, interannual variability in rainfall can have neutral or even positive effects on tree cover in the dry tropics. In South America, tree cover in dry lands is higher in areas with high year-to-year variability in rainfall. This is consistent with evidence from case studies suggesting that in these areas rare wet episodes are essential for opening windows of opportunity where massive tree recruitment can overwhelm disturbance effects, allowing the establishment of extensive woodlands. In Australia, wet extremes have similar effects, but the net effect of rainfall variability is overwhelmed by negative effects of extreme dry years. In Africa, effects of rainfall variability are neutral for dry lands. It is most likely that differences in herbivore communities and fire regimes contribute to regulating tree expansion during wet extremes. Our results illustrate that increasing climatic variability may affect ecosystem services in contrasting, and sometimes surprising, ways. Expansion of dry tropical tree cover during extreme wet events may decrease grassland productivity but enhance carbon sequestration, soil nutrient retention and biodiversity. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1002/chem.201303671 | A janus-headed lewis superacid: Simple access to, and first application of Me<inf>3</inf>Si-F-Al(OR<sup>F</sup>)3 | Upon reaction of gaseous Me3SiF with the in situ prepared Lewis acid Al(ORF)3, the stable ion-like silylium compound Me3Si-F-Al(ORF)3 1 forms. The Janusheaded 1 is a readily available smart Lewis acid that differentiates between hard and soft nucleophiles, but also polymerizes isobutene effectively. Thus, in reactions of 1 with soft nucleophiles (Nu), such as phosphanes, the silylium side interacts in an orbital-controlled manner, with formation of [Me3Si-Nu]+ and the weakly coordinating [F-Al(ORF)3]-or [(FRO)3Al-F-Al(ORF)3]- anions. If exchanged for hard nucleophiles, such as primary alcohols, the aluminum side reacts in a charge-controlled manner, with release of FSiMe3 gas and formation of the adduct R(H)O-Al(ORF)3. Compound 1 very effectively initiates polymerization of 8 to 21 mL of liquid C4H8 in 50 mL of CH2Cl2 already at temperatures between -57 and -30 8C with initiator loads as low as 10 mg in a few seconds with 100 % yield but broad polydispersities. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201732313 | Unveiling the physical conditions of the youngest disks | Context. Protoplanetary disks have been studied extensively, both physically and chemically, to understand the environment in which planets form. However, the first steps of planet formation are likely to occur already when the protostar and disk are still embedded in their natal envelope. The initial conditions for planet formation may thus be provided by these young embedded disks, of which the physical and chemical structure is poorly characterized. Aims. We aim to constrain the midplane temperature structure, one of the critical unknowns, of the embedded disk around L1527. In particular, we set out to determine whether there is an extended cold outer region where CO is frozen out, as is the case for Class II disks. This will show whether young disks are indeed warmer than their more evolved counterparts, as is predicted by physical models. Methods. We used archival ALMA data of 13CO J = 2–1, C18O J = 2–1 and N2D+J = 3–2 to directly observe the midplane of the near edge-on L1527 disk. The optically thick CO isotopologues allowed us to derive a radial temperature profile for the disk midplane, while N2D+, which can only be abundant when CO is frozen out, provides an additional constraint on the temperature. Moreover, the effect of CO freeze-out on the 13CO, C18O and N2D+ emission was investigated using 3D radiative transfer modeling. Results. Optically thick 13CO and C18O emission is observed throughout the disk and inner envelope, while N2D+ is not detected. Both CO isotopologues have brightness temperatures ≳25 K along the midplane. Disk and envelope emission can be disentangled kinematically, because the largest velocities are reached in the disk. A power law radial temperature profile constructed using the highest midplane temperature at these velocities suggest that the temperature is above 20 K out to at least 75 au, and possibly throughout the entire 125 au disk. The radiative transfer models show that a model without CO freeze-out in the disk matches the C18O observations better than a model with the CO snowline at ~70 au. In addition, there is no evidence for a large (order of magnitude) depletion of CO. Conclusions. The disk around L1527 is likely to be warm enough to have CO present in the gas phase throughout the disk, suggesting that young embedded disks can indeed be warmer than the more evolved Class II disks. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1093/qmath/hax033 | On the critical points of random matrix characteristic polynomials and of the Riemann ζ-function | A one-parameter family of point processes describing the distribution of the critical points of the characteristic polynomial of large random Hermitian matrices on the scale of mean spacing is investigated. Conditionally on the Riemann hypothesis and the multiple correlation conjecture, we show that one of these limiting processes also describes the distribution of the critical points of the Riemann ζ-function on the critical line. We prove that each of these processes boasts stronger level repulsion than the sine process describing the limiting statistics of the eigenvalues: the probability to find k critical points in a short interval is comparable to the probability to find k + 1 eigenvalues there. We also prove a similar property for the critical points and zeros of the Riemann ζ-function, conditionally on the Riemann hypothesis, but not on the multiple correlation conjecture. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
227758 | Numerical Design of Self Assembly of Complex Colloidal Structures | I propose to use computer simulations to predict the thermodynamic stability and kinetics of formation of three-dimensional structures of DNA-linked colloids. I then aim to go beyond simple binary structures and use simulation to explore novel strategies to build multi-component three-dimensional colloidal structures. At present, the complexity of self-assembled colloidal crystals is limited: ordered structures with more than two distinct components are rare. To make more complex structures, particles should bind selectively to their designated neighbours. This may be achieved by coating colloids with single-stranded DNA that hybridises selectively with the complementary sequence on another colloid. However, there are many practical obstacles to go from there to the self assembly of multi-component structures. In order to make progress, we need to understand the factors that determine the thermodynamic stability and, even more importantly, the kinetics of formation of complex structures. Such a numerical study will require a wide range of numerical techniques, many of which do not yet exist. As I have played a key role in the development of the numerical methods to study both the stability and the kinetics of formation of simple colloidal crystals, I am well positioned to make a breakthrough that should have important implications for experimental work in this field. My research will focus on DNA-linked colloidal systems, as this is an active area of experimental research. However, I stress that many of the techniques that I aim to develop are general. During the project, I aim to study the factors that influence the equilibrium phase diagram and the kinetics of passive and active self-assembly of (multi-component) DNA-colloid systems During the project, I aim to study the factors that influence the equilibrium phase diagram and the kinetics of passive and active self-assembly of (multi-component) DNA-colloid systems | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W1597946451 | Neural network approach to prediction of temperatures around groundwater heat pump systems | A fundamental aspect in groundwater heat pump (GWHP) plant design is the correct evaluation of the thermally affected zone that develops around the injection well. This is particularly important to avoid interference with previously existing groundwater uses (wells) and underground structures. Temperature anomalies are detected through numerical methods. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models are widely used in this field because they offer the opportunity to calculate the time evolution of the thermal plume produced by a heat pump. The use of neural networks is proposed to determine the time evolution of the groundwater temperature downstream of an installation as a function of the possible utilization profiles of the heat pump. The main advantage of neural network modeling is the possibility of evaluating a large number of scenarios in a very short time, which is very useful for the preliminary analysis of future multiple installations. The neural network is trained using the results from a CFD model (FEFLOW) applied to the installation at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) under several operating conditions. The final results appeared to be reliable and the temperature anomalies around the injection well appeared to be well predicted. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02091 | Sparsity-Based Super Resolution for SEM Images | The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is an electron microscope that produces an image of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with the atoms in the sample, which emit secondary electrons that contain information about the surface topography and composition. The sample is scanned by the electron beam point by point, until an image of the surface is formed. Since its invention in 1942, the capabilities of SEMs have become paramount in the discovery and understanding of the nanometer world, and today it is extensively used for both research and in industry. In principle, SEMs can achieve resolution better than one nanometer. However, for many applications, working at subnanometer resolution implies an exceedingly large number of scanning points. For exactly this reason, the SEM diagnostics of microelectronic chips is performed either at high resolution (HR) over a small area or at low resolution (LR) while capturing a larger portion of the chip. Here, we employ sparse coding and dictionary learning to algorithmically enhance low-resolution SEM images of microelectronic chips - up to the level of the HR images acquired by slow SEM scans, while considerably reducing the noise. Our methodology consists of two steps: an offline stage of learning a joint dictionary from a sequence of LR and HR images of the same region in the chip, followed by a fast-online super-resolution step where the resolution of a new LR image is enhanced. We provide several examples with typical chips used in the microelectronics industry, as well as a statistical study on arbitrary images with characteristic structural features. Conceptually, our method works well when the images have similar characteristics, as microelectronics chips do. This work demonstrates that employing sparsity concepts can greatly improve the performance of SEM, thereby considerably increasing the scanning throughput without compromising on analysis quality and resolution. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1109/TPAMI.2015.2509974 | Struck Structured Output Tracking With Kernels | Adaptive tracking-by-detection methods are widely used in computer vision for tracking arbitrary objects. Current approaches treat the tracking problem as a classification task and use online learning techniques to update the object model. However, for these updates to happen one needs to convert the estimated object position into a set of labelled training examples, and it is not clear how best to perform this intermediate step. Furthermore, the objective for the classifier (label prediction) is not explicitly coupled to the objective for the tracker (estimation of object position). In this paper, we present a framework for adaptive visual object tracking based on structured output prediction. By explicitly allowing the output space to express the needs of the tracker, we avoid the need for an intermediate classification step. Our method uses a kernelised structured output support vector machine (SVM), which is learned online to provide adaptive tracking. To allow our tracker to run at high frame rates, we (a) introduce a budgeting mechanism that prevents the unbounded growth in the number of support vectors that would otherwise occur during tracking, and (b) show how to implement tracking on the GPU. Experimentally, we show that our algorithm is able to outperform state-of-the-art trackers on various benchmark videos. Additionally, we show that we can easily incorporate additional features and kernels into our framework, which results in increased tracking performance. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/1658185.1658190 | Raced An Adaptive Middleware For Complex Event Detection | While several event notification systems are built around a publish-subscribe communication infrastructure, the latter only supports detection of simple events. Complex events, involving several, related events, cannot be detected. To overcome this limitation, we designed RACED, an adaptive middleware, which extends the content-based publish-subscribe paradigm to provide a complex event detection service for large scale scenarios. In this paper we describe its main aspects: the event definition language; the protocol enabling efficient and distributed detection of complex events through a network of service brokers; the mechanism that enables RACED to dynamically adapt to network traffic. A preliminary evaluation shows the benefits of RACED w. r. t. more traditional publish-subscribe infrastructures. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.ceb.2013.04.001 | Membrane and actin dynamics interplay at lamellipodia leading edge | The multimolecular WAVE regulatory (WRC) and Arp2/3 complexes are primarily responsible to generate pushing forces at migratory leading edges by promoting branch elongation of actin filaments. The architectural complexity of these units betrays the necessity to impose a tight control on their activity. This is exerted through temporally coordinated and coincident signals which limit the intensity and duration of this activity. In addition, interactions of the WRC and Arp2/3 complexes with membrane binding and surprisingly membrane trafficking proteins is also emerging, revealing the existence of an 'endocytic wiring system' that spatially restrict branched actin elongation for the execution of polarized functions during cell migration. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1975162970 | Feature-preserving triangular geometry images for level-of-detail representation of static and skinned meshes | Geometry images resample meshes to represent them as texture for efficient GPU processing by forcing a regular parameterization that often incurs a large amount of distortion. Previous approaches broke the geometry image into multiple rectangular or irregular charts to reduce distortion, but complicated the automatic level of detail one gets from MIP-maps of the geometry image. We introduce triangular-chart geometry images and show this new approach better supports the GPU-side representation and display of skinned dynamic meshes, with support for feature preservation, bounding volumes, and view-dependent level of detail. Triangular charts pack efficiently, simplify the elimination of T-junctions, arise naturally from an edge-collapse simplification base mesh, and layout more flexibly to allow their edges to follow curvilinear mesh features. To support the construction and application of triangular-chart geometry images, this article introduces a new spectral clustering method for feature detection, and new methods for incorporating skinning weights and skinned bounding boxes into the representation. This results in a tenfold improvement in fidelity when compared to quad-chart geometry images. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1080/10584609.2016.1153543 | How Political Elites Process Information From The News The Cognitive Mechanisms Behind Behavioral Political Agenda Setting Effects | Political agenda-setting studies have shown that political agendas are influenced by the media agenda. Researchers in the field of media and politics are now focusing on the mechanisms underlying this pattern. This article contributes to the literature by focusing not on aggregate, behavioral political attention for issues (e. g. , parliamentary questions or legislation), but on Members of Parliament’s (MP) individual, cognitive attention for specific news stories. Drawing upon a survey of Belgian MPs administered shortly after exposure to news stories, the study shows that MPs are highly selective in exploiting media cues. They pay more attention to both prominent and useful news stories, but a story’s usefulness is more important for cognitive processes that are closely linked to MPs’ real behavior in parliament. In other words, aggregate political agenda-setting effects are a consequence of the way in which individual MPs process media information that matches their task-related needs. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
647047 | Cancer treatment during pregnancy: from fetal safety to maternal efficacy | The evolution in drug regulation of the last 50 years has left pregnant women and their fetuses orphaned. This is particularly problematic for cancer during pregnancy, which raises a difficult and conflicting medical ethical decision process and which has recently become increasingly frequent. In 2012 we published the first prospective study indicating that antenatal exposure to cancer treatment can overall be considered safe. Building on this proof of concept, the current proposal wants to take a groundbreaking step towards developing a standard of care for cancer during pregnancy by addressing –in an integrated fashion- the challenges at the level of the fetus, the mother and the fetomaternal barrier. At the core of this proposal lies an international registry of pregnant women with cancer, along with a registry of their children, and biobanks of maternal, placental, cord blood and tumoral tissues. Research track ‘child’ aims to deliver robust evidence of fetal safety. Research track ‘mother’ aims to address the emerging concerns in the oncological management of the mother, and specifically, the possible distinct biology of pregnancy-associated breast cancer, the most frequent cancer type in pregnancy. The research approach includes large-scale clinical follow-up studies along with laboratory studies on patient biomaterials, including pharmacological investigations and RNA-sequencing studies. Complementary to these studies is research track ‘placenta’ in which cutting-edge models of human placental research are used to address the poorly understood physiological basis of the placental barrier function in this specific situation. This ambitious program will rely on a multidisciplinary team of experts. Not only may the scientific deliverables of this proposal constitute a major step forward to the well-being of both mother and fetus in a pregnancy complicated by cancer, the methodological approach may also provide critical impetus to further research in this field. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1111/gcb.13191 | Assessing the influence of historic net and gross land changes on the carbon fluxes of Europe | Legacy effects of land cover/use on carbon fluxes require considering both present and past land cover/use change dynamics. To assess past land use dynamics, model-based reconstructions of historic land cover/use are needed. Most historic reconstructions consider only the net area difference between two time steps (net changes) instead of accounting for all area gains and losses (gross changes). Studies about the impact of gross and net land change accounting methods on the carbon balance are still lacking. In this study, we assessed historic changes in carbon in soils for five land cover/use types and of carbon in above-ground biomass of forests. The assessment focused on Europe for the period 1950 to 2010 with decadal time steps at 1-km spatial resolution using a bookkeeping approach. To assess the implications of gross land change data, we also used net land changes for comparison. Main contributors to carbon sequestration between 1950 and 2010 were afforestation and cropland abandonment leading to 14. 6 PgC sequestered carbon (of which 7. 6 PgC was in forest biomass). Sequestration was highest for old-growth forest areas. A sequestration dip was reached during the 1970s due to changes in forest management practices. Main contributors to carbon emissions were deforestation (1. 7 PgC) and stable cropland areas on peaty soils (0. 8 PgC). In total, net fluxes summed up to 203 TgC yr(-1) (98 TgC yr(-1) in forest biomass and 105 TgC yr(-1) in soils). For areas that were subject to land changes in both reconstructions (35% of total area), the differences in carbon fluxes were about 68%. Overall for Europe the difference between accounting for either gross or net land changes led to 7% difference (up to 11% per decade) in carbon fluxes with systematically higher fluxes for gross land change data. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2905486571 | Model-based tools for optimal experiments in bioprocess engineering | Currently applied methods for characterization and optimization of bio-pharmaceutical processes are still strongly empirical. This often involves Design of Experiment (DoE) methods that require a large number of time-consuming experiments and can hardly fulfill the requirements of ‘Quality by Design’ (QbD). Linking mathematical models with experimental methods is seen as an efficient strategy that significantly reduces development time and costs. Furthermore, if combined with advanced Process Analytical Technology (PAT), higher automation and more efficient workflows can be established along the product lifecycle. This contribution presents the state of the art of model-based tools for experimental design and gives an outlook on future trends in the field of bio-process engineering. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1215/00104124-7546287 | The Persianate Cosmology of Historical Inquiry in the Caucasus: ʿAbbās Qulī Āghā Bākīkhānūf’s Cosmological Cosmopolitanism | This article engages with cosmopolitan conceptions of culture that flourished in the nineteenth century Caucasus with a view to clarifying the relevance of these legacies today. I focus in particular on the polymath writer ʿAbbās Qulī Āghā Bākīkhānūf (1794–1847). Bākīkhānūf’s historical work conceptualizes community outside the framework of the nation, while conjoining distinctive strands of epistemic and cultural cosmopolitanism. As I explore Bākīkhānūf’s historical writing, I consider how the Persianate literary tradition of which he partakes advance a cosmopolitan conception of community that contrasts with and occasionally contests the nationalist histories promulgated by modern European nations. As a scientific and literary project, Bākīkhānūf’s cosmological cosmopolitanism shows how epistemic openness advances cultural inclusivity, in part by recognizing the relationship between the literary imagination and scientific inquiry. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
339105 | Morphogenetic growth control by time derivatives of signaling | How do naïve cells in a developing tissue know when to divide and when to stop dividing when the tissue reaches its final size? How do they acquire information about their position to generate morphological patterns? Morphogen gradients have been shown to control pattern formation and growth. While the mechanisms of patterning are starting to be understood, the mechanism of growth by morphogens is not yet deciphered.
In a few recent reports, we studied the biophysics and cell biology of the Dpp morphogen gradient during growth of Drosophila imaginal discs. We showed that the Dpp gradient expands and scales with the size of the growing tissue. Scaling occurs by the regulation of Dpp lysosomal degradation as a function of tissue size. We also showed that any cell in the developing tissue (no matter the developmental stage, the position of the cell in the gradient or the imaginal disc considered) divides when it sees an increase of Dpp signaling by α=50% from the beginning of the cell cycle. The proliferation rate g of cells is proportional to the relative time derivative of signaling (i.e. C ̇/C, the time derivative of Dpp signaling level C ̇ (Cdot) normalized to the actual signaling level C): g=(ln2/α)*(Cdot/C). We will study the molecular cell-biology of growth control by morphogens in an interdisciplinary combination of physical theory, biophysics and biochemistry in the context of development. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.5194/cpd-10-2821-2014 | Greenland Ice Sheet sensitivity and sea level contribution in the mid-Pliocene warm period – Pliocene Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project PLISMIP | Abstract. The understanding of the nature and behavior of ice sheets in past warm periods is important to constrain the potential impacts of future climate change. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (2. 97 to 3. 29 Ma) has global temperatures similar to those projected for future climates, nevertheless Pliocene ice locations and extents are still poorly constrained. We present results from the efforts to simulate mid-Pliocene Greenland ice sheets by means of the international Pliocene Ice Sheet Modeling Intercomparison Project (PLISMIP). We compare the performance of existing numerical ice sheet models in simulating modern control and mid-Pliocene ice sheets by a suite of sensitivity experiments guided by available proxy records. We quantify equilibrated ice sheet volume on Greenland, identifying a potential range in sea level contributions from warm Pliocene scenarios. A series of statistical measures are performed to quantify the confidence of simulations with focus on inter-model and inter-scenario differences. We find that Pliocene Greenland ice sheets are less sensitive to differences in ice sheet model configurations and internal physical quantities, than to changes in imposed climate forcing. We conclude that Pliocene ice was most likely to be limited to highest elevations in East and South as simulated with the highest confidence and by synthesizing available regional proxies, although extents of those ice caps need to be further constrained by using a range of GCM climate forcings. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.01.010 | Lymph node macrophages: Scavengers, immune sentinels and trophic effectors | Lymph nodes (LN) are secondary lymphoid organs dispersed throughout the body that filter lymph and assist the immune system in mounting immune responses. These functions are supported by a complex stromal microarchitecture composed of mesenchymal and vascular elements. Different subsets of macrophages (MΦ) reside in the LN and are endowed with immune and trophic functions. Here we review these different subsets with particular emphasis on the recently described T cell zone MΦ. We also address the potential crosstalk between LN stromal cells and MΦ proposing that the former constitute niches for the latter by supplying factors required for their specification, survival and turnover. In turn, MΦ could inform their stromal partners about the immune status of the LN and orchestrate the remodelling of its microanatomy during immune responses. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
GB 2871333 A | Improvements in or relating to universal joints and to shaft assemblies including the same | 414,923. Universal joints. UNIVERSAL PRODUCTS CO., Inc., 6455, Kingsley Avenue, Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.A.- (Assignees of Warner, A. A.) Oct. 17, 1933, No. 28713. Convention date, Oct. 31, 1932. [Class 80 (ii).] A torque-transmitting line of shafting, more particularly for a motor-vehicle, comprises a driving-shaft 5, protruding from a gear-casing 3 and having slidably splined thereon a sleeve 8, carrying a universal joint 14, the pivotal centre of which is inward of the end of the shaft 5. This arrangement reduces overhang of the joint beyond the shaft-bearing 4 and reduces the tendency of the splined-joint to bind. The universal-joint is connected by a unitary propeller-shaft 27 with a universal joint 29 fixedly secured to a driven-shaft 31 by a nut 32. The universal-joint 14 comprises diametricallyopposite trunnions 12 on the sleeve 8, engaging a surrounding rectangular intermediate member 14, which carries trunnions 15, supported in a fork 18 welded to the propeller-shaft 27. The splined-joint of the sleeve 8 is lubricated from the gear-casing 3, which has a sealing-washer 9, the sleeve having a screwed sealing-cap 20. The relative axial movement of the shaft 5 and sleeve 8 creates a pumping-action and circulates the lubricant. To relieve excess pressure in the cap 20, lubricant can return to the gearcasing either through a central axial bore in the shaft 5, through the base of the splines, or through a space 26 provided by omitting a spline-tooth. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1845105241 | Role of pulmonary bio-markers in systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A one year follow up study | Background & Aim: Elevated circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers have been found to play an important role in Patients of COPD. We measured TNF alpha, IL6, and CRP levels in COPD patients and assessed their relationship with smoking status, inflammation and disease. Methods: we assessed three blood biomarkers in 202 COPD patients, 50 current smokers with normal lung function and 30 non smokers. Subjects were evaluated with medical history, Spirometry, 6-minute walk test, BODE index. Biomarkers repeatability was assessed using baseline and 1- year follow up samples. Results: Serum TNF Alpha Level was higher in COPD patients than smokers controls and Non smokers controls at the base line and at 1 year interval (p value- 0.001]. CRP and IL6 were also significantly higher in COPD patients compared to smoker and non smoker controls. TNF Alpha showed moderate repeatability and was found to be least variable bio-marker over 1- year period with a high degree of statistical significance and multiple regression analysis for CRP, IL-6 confirmed only their association with disease and not smoking status. Conclusions: Smoking is associated with higher levels of TNF- alpha mediated systemic inflammation with or without COPD. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
US 201715432155 A | VEHICLE HAZARD NOTIFICATION SYSTEM | A hazard notification system for a vehicle is disclosed. The system comprises a plurality of exterior lights and a positioning system configured to identify a location of the vehicle. The system further comprises a controller. The controller is configured to identify the vehicle in an unestablished parking region based on the location and receive an indication of a parked condition of the vehicle. In response to the parked condition and the vehicle located in the unestablished parking region, the controller is configured to activate the exterior lights. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s10704-012-9693-3 | A new model of damage: A moving thick layer approach | A new formulation of a damage law is proposed based on a continuous transition between a sound material and a totally or partially broken material. The evolution of damage is then associated with a moving layer. This point of view permits the description of initiation and propagation of defects in an unified framework. The motion of the thick layer is defined in the frame of the moving surface Γ o separating the sound material and the damaged material. When the damage parameters are continuous functions of the distance to Γ o, they satisfy the conditions of transport. For particular geometries and loadings the evolution of the system is discussed. Comparison with description of damage with discontinuities and sharp interface is also presented. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1115/1.4031794 | The Computational Fluid Dynamics Rupture Challenge 2013 Phase Ii Variability Of Hemodynamic Simulations In Two Intracranial Aneurysms | With the increased availability of computational resources, the past decade has seen a rise in the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for medical applications. There has been an increase in the application of CFD to attempt to predict the rupture of intracranial aneurysms, however, while many hemodynamic parameters can be obtained from these computations, to date, no consistent methodology for the prediction of the rupture has been identified. One particular challenge to CFD is that many factors contribute to its accuracy; the mesh resolution and spatial/temporal discretization can alone contribute to a variation in accuracy. This failure to identify the importance of these factors and identify a methodology for the prediction of ruptures has limited the acceptance of CFD among physicians for rupture prediction. The International CFD Rupture Challenge 2013 seeks to comment on the sensitivity of these various CFD assumptions to predict the rupture by undertaking a comparison of the rupture and blood-flow predictions from a wide range of independent participants utilizing a range of CFD approaches. Twenty-six groups from 15 countries took part in the challenge. Participants were provided with surface models of two intracranial aneurysms and asked to carry out the corresponding hemodynamics simulations, free to choose their own mesh, solver, and temporal discretization. They were requested to submit velocity and pressure predictions along the centerline and on specified planes. The first phase of the challenge, described in a separate paper, was aimed at predicting which of the two aneurysms had previously ruptured and where the rupture site was located. The second phase, described in this paper, aims to assess the variability of the solutions and the sensitivity to the modeling assumptions. Participants were free to choose boundary conditions in the first phase, whereas they were prescribed in the second phase but all other CFD modeling parameters were not prescribed. In order to compare the computational results of one representative group with experimental results, steady-flow measurements using particle image velocimetry (PIV) were carried out in a silicone model of one of the provided aneurysms. Approximately 80% of the participating groups generated similar results. Both velocity and pressure computations were in good agreement with each other for cycle-averaged and peak-systolic predictions. Most apparent "outliers" (results that stand out of the collective) were observed to have underestimated velocity levels compared to the majority of solutions, but nevertheless identified comparable flow structures. In only two cases, the results deviate by over 35% from the mean solution of all the participants. Results of steady CFD simulations of the representative group and PIV experiments were in good agreement. The study demonstrated that while a range of numerical schemes, mesh resolution, and solvers was used, similar flow predictions were observed in the majority of cases. To further validate the computational results, it is suggested that time-dependent measurements should be conducted in the future. However, it is recognized that this study does not include the biological aspects of the aneurysm, which needs to be considered to be able to more precisely identify the specific rupture risk of an intracranial aneurysm. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053028 | Qubism Self Similar Visualization Of Many Body Wavefunctions | A visualization scheme for quantum many-body wavefunctions is described that we have termed qubism. Its main property is its recursivity: increasing the number of qubits results in an increase in the image resolution. Thus, the plots are typically fractal. As examples, we provide images for the ground states of commonly used Hamiltonians in condensed matter and cold atom physics, such as Heisenberg or ITF. Many features of the wavefunction, such as magnetization, correlations and criticality, can be visualized as properties of the images. In particular, factorizability can be easily spotted, and a way to estimate the entanglement entropy from the image is provided. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4226192250 | Osteomielitis crónica de calcáneo: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura | ResumenSe presenta el caso de un hombre de 38 años en el Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Aguascalientes, México, con un cuadro de úlcera crónica en el talón derecho de cinco años de evolución posterior a traumatismo directo con objeto punzante en el talón involucrado, con antecedente de avance de colgajo hace cinco años.A la exploración clínica con pérdida cutánea de 7 × 5 cm con exudado purulento y a la exploración radiológica se pone de manifiesto una imagen de hipotrofia de calcáneo derecho con restos óseos esclerosados y datos sugestivos de osteomielitis crónica.Tras una primera intervención con espaciador de cemento de polimetilmetacrilato + gentamicina con técnica de cadena y legrado de calcáneo, así como toma de cultivo, se confirma el diagnóstico con aislamiento de la lesión de Escherichia coli y Enterococcus faecalis mas rechaza el espaciador, por lo que se interviene de nueva ocasión para la resección de calcáneo.Al cicatrizar la herida se indica órtesis de pie-tobillo y se inicia la marcha sin dolor, y sin recidiva de la osteomielitis. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W2098712534 | A 14-Year-Old Girl with Recurrent Vulvar Abscess | <h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> Inflammatory bowel disease is a relatively common condition that may present in a myriad of fashions, from the more frequently seen symptoms of diarrhea and abdominal pain to the less likely presentations with fistulas and abscesses. <h3>Case</h3> A 14-year-old female with a presumed diagnosis of a Bartholin's gland cyst was treated for over 1 year with both medical and surgical interventions without her symptoms ever completely resolving. It was later found that these recurring vulvar abscesses were a manifestation of Crohn's disease. <h3>Conclusion</h3> While the patient's history and physical are both very important in determining cause for pathology, we must also realize the importance of re-examining and broadening our differential diagnosis when faced with a patient who has failed multiple avenues of care. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.3390/foods9081015 | Foraging in Boreal Forest: Wild Food Plants of the Republic of Karelia, NW Russia | While the current consumption of wild food plants in the taiga of the American continent is a relatively well-researched phenomenon, the European taiga area is heavily underrepresented in the scientific literature. The region is important due to its distinctive ecological conditions with restricted seasonal availability of wild plants. During an ethnobotanical field study conducted in 2018–2019, 73 people from ten settlements in the Republic of Karelia were interviewed. In addition, we conducted historical data analysis and ethnographical source analysis. The most widely consumed wild food plants are forest berries (three Vaccinium species, and Rubus chamaemorus), sap-yielding Betula and acidic Rumex. While throughout the lifetime of the interviewees the list of used plants did not change considerably, the ways in which they are processed and stored underwent several stages in function of centrally available goods, people’s welfare, technical progress, and ideas about the harm and benefit of various products and technological processes. Differences in the food use of wild plants among different ethnic groups living in the region were on the individual level, while all groups exhibited high variability in the methods of preparation of most used berries. The sustainability of berry use over time has both ecological and economical factors. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W1582707526 | Characterizing image quality of autostereoscopic displays by using the maximum luminance at each viewing position | A metric of the 3D image quality of autostereoscopic displays based on optical measurements is proposed. This metric uses each view's luminance contrast, which is defined as the ratio of maximum luminance at each viewing position to total luminance at that position. Conventional metrics of the autostereoscopic display based on crosstalk, which uses “wanted” and “unwanted” lights. However, in case of the multiple-views-type autostereoscopic displays, it is difficult to distinguish exactly which lights are wanted lights and which are unwanted lights. This paper assumes that the wanted light has a maximum luminance at the good stereoscopic viewing position, and the unwanted light also has a maximum luminance at the worst pseudo-stereoscopic viewing position. By using the maximum luminance that is indexed by view number of the autostereoscopic display, the proposed method enables characterizing stereoscopic viewing conditions without using wanted/unwanted light. A 3D image quality metric called “stereo luminance contrast,” the average of both eyes' contrast, is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed metric is confirmed by the results of optical measurement analyses of different types of autostereoscopic displays, such as the two-view, scan-backlight, multi-view, and integral. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01335 | Synthesis, Structural, and Electronic Properties of K<inf>4</inf>Pu<sup>VI</sup>O<inf>2</inf>(CO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>3(cr)</inf>: An Environmentally Relevant Plutonium Carbonate Complex | The chemical properties of actinide materials are often predefined and described based on the data available for isostructural species. This is the case for potassium plutonyl (PuVI) carbonate, K4PuVIO2(CO3)3(cr), a complex relevant for nuclear technology and the environment, of which the crystallographic and thermodynamic properties of which are still lacking. We report here the synthesis and characterization of PuVI achieved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure at the Pu M4-edge coupled with electronic structure calculations. The crystallographic properties of PuVI are compared with isostructural uranium (U) and neptunium (Np) compounds. Actinyl (AnVI) axial bond lengths, [O-AnVI-O]2+, are correlated between solid, K4AnVIO2(CO3)3(cr), and aqueous, [AnVIO2(CO3)3]4-(aq) species for the UVI-NpVI-PuVI series. The spectroscopic data are compared to KPuVO2CO3(cr) and PuIVO2(cr) to tackle the trend in the electronic structure of PuVI regarding the oxidation state changes and local structural modifications around the Pu atom. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1088/0022-3727/47/9/094010 | Edge Magnetoplasmons In Graphene | We have observed propagation of Edge Magneto-Plasmon (EMP) modes in graphene in the Quantum Hall regime by performing picosecond time of flight measurements between narrow contacts on the perimeter of micrometric exfoliated graphene. We find the propagation to be chiral with low attenuation and to have a velocity which is quantized on Hall plateaus. The velocity has two contributions, one arising from the Hall conductivity and the other from carrier drift along the edge, which we were able to separate by their different filling factor dependence. The drift component is found to be slightly less than the Fermi velocity as expected for graphene dynamics in an abrupt edge potential. The Hall conduction contribution is slower than expected and indicates a characteristic length in the Coulomb potential from the Hall charge of about 500 nm. The experiment illustrates how EMP can be coupled to the electromagnetic field, opening the perspective of GHz to THz chiral plasmonics applications to devices such as voltage controlled phase shifters, circulators, switches and compact, tunable ring resonators. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/la5040189 | Polyurea microcapsules in microfluidics: Surfactant control of soft membranes | Interfacial polymerization techniques offer a versatile route for microcapsule synthesis. We designed a microfluidic process to synthesize monodisperse polyurea microcapsules (PUMCs); the microcapsules are formed by an interfacial polymerization of isocyanate dissolved in the oil and an amine dissolved in water. We measure the mechanical properties of the capsule as well as transport properties through the membrane using two microfluidic methods. We show that the elasticity and the permeability of the shell are controlled by surfactant additives, added during the synthesis. The control of the nanostructure of the shell by surfactants provides new means to design encapsulation systems with tailored mechanical and physicochemical properties. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
320501 | Geometric analysis in the Euclidean space | We propose to study different questions in the area of the so called geometric analysis. Most of the topics we are interested in deal with the connection between the behavior of singular integrals and the geometry of sets and measures. The study of this connection has been shown to be extremely helpful in the solution of certain long standing problems in the last years, such as the solution of the Painlev\'e problem or the obtaining of the optimal distortion bounds for quasiconformal mappings by Astala.
More specifically, we would like to study the relationship between the L^2 boundedness of singular integrals associated with Riesz and other related kernels, and rectifiability and other geometric notions. The so called David-Semmes problem is probably the main open problem in this area. Up to now, the techniques used to deal with this problem come from multiscale analysis and involve ideas from Littlewood-Paley theory and quantitative techniques of rectifiability. We propose to apply new ideas that combine variational arguments with other techniques which have connections with mass transportation. Further, we think that it is worth to explore in more detail the connection among mass transportation, singular integrals, and uniform rectifiability.
We are also interested in the field of quasiconformal mappings. We plan to study a problem regarding the quasiconformal distortion of quasicircles. This problem consists in proving that the bounds obtained recently by S. Smirnov on the dimension of K-quasicircles are optimal. We want to apply techniques from quantitative geometric measure theory to deal with this question.
Another question that we intend to explore lies in the interplay of harmonic analysis, geometric measure theory and partial differential equations. This concerns an old problem on the unique continuation of harmonic functions at the boundary open C^1 or Lipschitz domain. All the results known by now deal with smoother Dini domains. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W3214971171 | Environmental administrative penalty, corporate environmental disclosures and the cost of debt | The role of environmental information disclosure (EID) in debt financing for penalized enterprises remains limited in the current literature. This research seeks to investigate this topic by focusing on manufacturing firms that have been penalized by the Chinese government for violating environmental rules and regulations. Further, it analyzes how environmental administrative penalties impact the debt cost in the following year. Based on our results, the environmental administrative penalty significantly increases the debt cost in the following year through the negative increment of the company's disclosure quality, and the incremental disclosure plays a mediating role in this relationship. Besides, it has also been found that environmental administrative penalties cannot affect the debt cost by changing the disclosure level. While the existing literature has established that environmental penalties can lead to changes in corporate information disclosure, this research contributes to this literature by revealing that the decline of environmental disclosure quality of penalized firms leads to the increase of financing costs. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
2716340 | Delivering the 3b generation of lnmo cells for the xev market of 2025 and beyond | 3beLiEVe aims at delivering the 3b generation of LNMO cells for the electrified vehicles market of 2025 and beyond. The project addresses the full scope of the LC-BAT-5-2019 call by delivering:
• 3b generation batteries with LNMO cathodes, LiFSI electrolyte, and a 10-20 wt.% Si-C anode in a cell architecture capable of 750 Wh/l, 300 Wh/kg, 1.4 kW/kg, and 2,000+ deep cycles, of which 10% at 3C+;
• a portfolio of internal and external sensors (22 sensors per module) and an adaptive liquid cooling system managed by a smart BMS with advanced diagnostic and operational functions;
• cradle to cradle approach, including cell/module/pack green manufacturing processes (gigafactory level), optical equipment for inline quality inspection, 1st and 2nd life performance and recyclability demonstration, achieving 90 €/kWh life cycle cost.
The project will deliver 250 cells of generation 3b in total and two demonstrator battery packs of 88 cells and 12 kWh capacity each at TRL 6 / MRL 8. These aim at demonstrating the 3beLiEVe technology performance for applications in light duty (i.e. passenger cars, freight vehicles) and commercial vehicles (i.e. city buses and trucks) in fully electric/plug-in hybrid (BEV/PHEV) configurations. 3beLiEVe technology is free of critical raw materials (cobalt and natural graphite), scalable and sustainable, aiming at 12.7 GWh production by 2025 and 33.7 GWh in 2030, for a market ranging from 1.1 to 2.5 billion €/year, i.e. 7% of the global manufacturing capacity. All the technological domains and innovations addressed in 3beLiEVe are essential for strengthening the position of the European battery and automotive industry in the future market of xEVs. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/IWMTS.2018.8454690 | Eras Enhanced Active Photonic Thz Components | We present active, telecom-wavelength compatible THz components with enhanced performance by introducing ErAs precipitates. First, we review how an ErAs monolayer in between p-i-n diodes enables serial connection of these diodes, reducing the total capacitance and thus decoupling the existing trade-off between RC- and transit time roll-off. In the second part of the paper, latest results with ErAs:In(Al)GaAs photoconductive devices are shown. Continous-wave (CW) receivers show an almost flat frequency response up to 0. 5 THz with a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 20±10 fW/Hz. Under pulsed operation, we achieved 40 dB dynamic range at 4. 1 THz with a system only using ErAs:In(Al)GaAs photoconductors as source and receiver. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-04957-6_25 | Mining Tree Based Frequent Patterns From Xml | The increasing amount of very large XML datasets available to casual users is a challenging problem for our community, and calls for an appropriate support to efficiently gather knowledge from these data. Data mining, already widely applied to extract frequent correlations of values from both structured and semi-structured datasets, is the appropriate field for knowledge elicitation. In this work we describe an approach to extract Tree-based association rules from XML documents. Such rules provide approximate, intensional information on both the structure and the content of XML documents, and can be stored in XML format to be queried later on. A prototype system demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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