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10.1307/mmj/1530151253 | Simultaneous flips on triangulated surfaces | We investigate a type of distance between triangulations on finite-type surfaces where one moves between triangulations by performing simultaneous flips. We consider triangulations up to homeomorphism, and our main results are upper bounds on the distance between triangulations that only depend on the topology of the surface. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/s11120-016-0232-3 | Temperature-sensitive PSII: a novel approach for sustained photosynthetic hydrogen production | The need for energy and the associated burden are ever growing. It is crucial to develop new technologies for generating clean and efficient energy for society to avoid upcoming energetic and environmental crises. Sunlight is the most abundant source of energy on the planet. Consequently, it has captured our interest. Certain microalgae possess the ability to capture solar energy and transfer it to the energy carrier, H2. H2 is a valuable fuel, because its combustion produces only one by-product: water. However, the establishment of an efficient biophotolytic H2 production system is hindered by three main obstacles: (1) the hydrogen-evolving enzyme, [FeFe]-hydrogenase, is highly sensitive to oxygen; (2) energy conversion efficiencies are not economically viable; and (3) hydrogen-producing organisms are sensitive to stressful conditions in large-scale production systems. This study aimed to circumvent the oxygen sensitivity of this process with a cyclic hydrogen production system. This approach required a mutant that responded to high temperatures by reducing oxygen evolution. To that end, we randomly mutagenized the green microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to generate mutants that exhibited temperature-sensitive photoautotrophic growth. The selected mutants were further characterized by their ability to evolve oxygen and hydrogen at 25 and 37 °C. We identified four candidate mutants for this project. We characterized these mutants with PSII fluorescence, P700 absorbance, and immunoblotting analyses. Finally, we demonstrated that these mutants could function in a prototype hydrogen-producing bioreactor. These mutant microalgae represent a novel approach for sustained hydrogen production. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.aim.2019.05.022 | Singular quasisymmetric mappings in dimensions two and greater | For all n≥2, we construct a metric space (X,d) and a quasisymmetric mapping f:[0,1] n →X with the property that f −1 is not absolutely continuous with respect to the Hausdorff n-measure on X. That is, there exists a Borel set E⊂[0,1] n with Lebesgue measure |E|>0 such that f(E) has Hausdorff n-measure zero. The construction may be carried out so that X has finite Hausdorff n-measure and |E| is arbitrarily close to 1, or so that |E|=1. This gives a negative answer to a question of Heinonen and Semmes. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/mp.2013.122 | Chronic γ-secretase inhibition reduces amyloid plaque-associated instability of pre- and postsynaptic structures | The loss of synapses is a strong histological correlate of the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), a cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), exerts detrimental effects on synapses, a process thought to be causally related to the cognitive deficits in AD. Here, we used in vivo two-photon microscopy to characterize the dynamics of axonal boutons and dendritic spines in APP/Presenilin 1 (APP swe /PS1 L166P)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. Time-lapse imaging over 4 weeks revealed a pronounced, concerted instability of pre- and postsynaptic structures within the vicinity of amyloid plaques. Treatment with a novel sulfonamide-type γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) attenuated the formation and growth of new plaques and, most importantly, led to a normalization of the enhanced dynamics of synaptic structures close to plaques. GSI treatment did neither affect spines and boutons distant from plaques in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1-GFP (APPPS1-GFP) nor those in GFP-control mice, suggesting no obvious neuropathological side effects of the drug. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/C4FD00175C | Probing Deactivation Pathways Of Dna Nucleobases By Two Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy First Principles Simulations | The SOS//QM/MM [Rivalta et al. , Int. J. Quant. Chem. , 2014, 114, 85] method consists of an arsenal of computational tools allowing accurate simulation of one-dimensional (1D) and bi-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra of monomeric and dimeric systems with unprecedented details and accuracy. Prominent features like doubly excited local and excimer states, accessible in multi-photon processes, as well as charge-transfer states arise naturally through the fully quantum-mechanical description of the aggregates. In this contribution the SOS//QM/MM approach is extended to simulate time-resolved 2D spectra that can be used to characterize ultrafast excited state relaxation dynamics with atomistic details. We demonstrate how critical structures on the excited state potential energy surface, obtained through state-of-the-art quantum chemical computations, can be used as snapshots of the excited state relaxation dynamics to generate spectral fingerprints for different de-excitation channels. The approach is based on high-level multi-configurational wavefunction methods combined with non-linear response theory and incorporates the effects of the solvent/environment through hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) techniques. Specifically, the protocol makes use of the second-order Perturbation Theory (CASPT2) on top of Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) strategy to compute the high-lying excited states that can be accessed in different 2D experimental setups. As an example, the photophysics of the stacked adenine-adenine dimer in a double-stranded DNA is modeled through 2D near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectroscopy. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1080/13501763.2019.1619801 | Politicizing Europe In Times Of Crisis | This paper starts from the premise that the politicization of Europe is indicative of a new structuring conflict that involves a set of processes which put the national political community under st. . . | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-27997-3_10 | A Conceptual Framework For Linked Data Exploration | An increasing number of open data sets is becoming available on the Web as Linked Data (LD), many efforts has been devoted to show the potential of LD applications from the technical point of view. However, less attention has been paid to the analysis of the information seeking requirements from the user point of view. In this paper we examine the Information Seeking Process and we propose a general framework that address all its requirements in the context of LD-based applications. We support seamless integration of both Linked and non-Linked data sources and we allow designers to define complex, rank-aware result construction and exploration rules based on rank aggregation and multiple many-to-many data navigation. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1017/prm.2020.22 | On the relaxation of integral functionals depending on the symmetrized gradient | We prove results on the relaxation and weak* lower semicontinuity of integral functionals of the form $${\cal F}[u]: = \int_\Omega f \left( {\displaystyle{1 \over 2}\left( {\nabla u(x) + \nabla u{(x)}^T} \right)} \right) \,{\rm d}x,\quad u:\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^d\to {\mathbb R}^d,$$over the space BD(Ω) of functions of bounded deformation or over the Temam–Strang space $${\rm U}(\Omega ): = \left\{ {u\in {\rm BD}(\Omega ):\;\,{\rm div}\,u\in {\rm L}^2(\Omega )} \right\},$$depending on the growth and shape of the integrand f. Such functionals are interesting, for example, in the study of Hencky plasticity and related models. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
787304 | Smooth dynamics via Operators, with Singularities | The ergodic theory of smooth dynamical systems enjoying some form of hyperbolicity has undergone important progress since the beginning of the twenty first century, in part due to the development of a new technical tool: anisotropic Banach or Hilbert spaces, on which transfer operators have good spectral properties. Very recently, such tools have yielded exponential mixing for dispersing (Sinai) billiard flows (i.e. the 2D periodic Lorentz gas), which are the archetypal smooth systems with singularities.
We will study other challenging natural systems, mostly with singularities, by using functional analytical tools, in particular transfer operators acting on anisotropic spaces (including the new ""ultimate'"" space introduced recently, which combines desirable features of several existing spaces), and revisiting the Milnor-Thurston kneading theory to obtain nuclear decompositions in low regularity.
Goals of the project include:
-Thermodynamic formalism for the Sinai billiard maps and flows (2D periodic Lorentz gas), in particular existence and statistical properties of the measure of maximal entropy.
-Intrinsic resonances of Sinai billiard maps and flows (2D periodic Lorentz gas) via the dynamical zeta function.
-Fine statistical properties of (infinite measure) semi-dispersing billiards with non compact cusps.
-Growth of dynamical determinants and zeta functions of differentiable (non analytic) geodesic flows, with applications to the global Gutzwiller formula.
-Fractional response and fractional susceptibility function for transversal families of smooth nonuniformly hyperbolic maps (including the logistic family).
| [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1146/annurev-genet-112414-055145 | Meiotic Silencing in Mammals | Meiosis is essential for reproduction in sexually reproducing organisms. A key stage in meiosis is the synapsis of maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes, accompanied by exchange of genetic material to generate crossovers. A decade ago, studies found that when chromosomes fail to synapse, the many hundreds of genes housed within them are transcriptionally inactivated. This process, meiotic silencing, is conserved in all mammals studied to date, but its purpose is not yet defined. Here, I review the molecular genetics of meiotic silencing and consider the many potential functions that it could serve in the mammalian germ line. In addition, I discuss how meiotic silencing influences sex differences in meiotic infertility and the profound impact that meiotic silencing has had on the evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/728/1/L4 | Spitzer Imaging Of Herschel Atlas Gravitationally Lensed Submillimeter Sources | We present physical properties of two submillimeter selected gravitationally lensed sources, identified in the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey. These submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) have flux densities > 100 mJy at 500 um, but are not visible in existing optical imaging. We fit light profiles to each component of the lensing systems in Spitzer IRAC 3. 6 and 4. 5 um data and successfully disentangle the foreground lens from the background source in each case, providing important constraints on the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the background SMG at rest-frame optical-near-infrared wavelengths. The SED fits show that these two SMGs have high dust obscuration with Av ~4 to 5 and star formation rates of ~100 M_sun/yr. They have low gas fractions and low dynamical masses compared to 850 um selected galaxies. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1017/s1743921319001613 | Envelope-to-disk mass transport in the FUor-type young eruptive star V346 Normae | AbstractHaving disk-to-star accretion rates on the order of 10-4M⊙/yr, FU Orionis-type stars (FUors) are thought to be the visible examples for episodic accretion. FUors are often surrounded by massive envelopes, which replenish the disk material and enable the disk to produce accretion outbursts. We observed the FUor-type star V346 Nor with ALMA at 1. 3 mm continuum and in different CO rotational lines. We mapped the density and velocity structure of its envelope and analyzed the results using channel maps, position-velocity diagrams, and spectro-astrometric methods. We discovered a pseudo-disk and a Keplerian disk around a 0. 1 M⊙ central star. We determined an infall rate from the envelope onto the disk of 6×10-6M⊙/yr, a factor of few higher than the quiescent accretion rate from the disk onto the star. This hints for a mismatch between the infall and accretion rates as the cause of the eruption. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/18/9/093007 | Truncated Correlation Hierarchy Schemes For Driven Dissipative Multimode Quantum Systems | We present a method to describe driven-dissipative multi-mode systems by considering a truncated hierarchy of equations for the correlation functions. We consider two hierarchy truncation schemes with a global cutoff on the correlation order, which is the sum of the exponents of the operators involved in the correlation functions: a 'hard' cutoff corresponding to an expansion around the vacuum, which applies to a regime where the number of excitations per site is small; a 'soft' cutoff which corresponds to an expansion around coherent states, which can be applied for large excitation numbers per site. This approach is applied to describe the bunching-antibunching crossover in the driven-dissipative Bose–Hubbard model for photonic systems. The results have been successfully benchmarked by comparison with calculations based on the corner-space renormalization method in 1D and 2D systems. The regime of validity and strengths of the present truncation methods are critically discussed. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.007 | Competition for Space Induces Cell Elimination through Compaction-Driven ERK Downregulation | Moreno et al. show that cell elimination in the Drosophila pupal notum can be locally adjusted by tissue deformation through the modulation of EGFR/ERK pathway and the pro-apoptotic gene hid. Compaction-driven ERK downregulation also occurs near fast-growing clones and promotes clone expansion through neighboring cell elimination. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041036 | Coherent structures and extreme events in rotating multiphase turbulent flows | By using direct numerical simulations (DNS) at unprecedented resolution, we study turbulence under rotation in the presence of simultaneous direct and inverse cascades. The accumulation of energy at large scale leads to the formation of vertical coherent regions with high vorticity oriented along the rotation axis. By seeding the flowwithmillions of inertial particles, we quantify-for the first time-the effects of those coherent vertical structures on the preferential concentration of light and heavy particles. Furthermore,we quantitatively show that extreme fluctuations, leading to deviations from a normal-distributed statistics, result from the entangled interaction of the vertical structures with the turbulent background. Finally, we present the first-ever measurement of the relative importance between Stokes drag, Coriolis force, and centripetal force along the trajectories of inertial particles. We discover that vortical coherent structures lead to unexpected diffusion properties for heavy and light particles in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the rotation axis. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1117/12.2054919 | The Mid Infrared Channel Of The Echo Mission | The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory, EChO, is a dedicated space mission to investigate the physics and chemistry of Exoplanet atmospheres. Using the differential spectroscopy by transit method, it provides simultaneously a complete spectrum in a wide wavelength range between 0. 4μm and 16μm of the atmosphere of exoplanets. The payload is subdivided into 6 channels. The mid-infrared channel covers the spectral range between 5μm and 11μm. In order to optimize the instrument response and the science objectives, the bandpass is split in two using an internal dichroic. We present the opto-mechanical concept of the MWIR channel and the detector development that have driven the thermal and mechanical designs of the channel. The estimated end-to-end performance is also presented. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W2141469178 | An assessment of cellulosic ethanol industry sustainability based on industry configurations | Thirty six billion gallons of renewable fuel is US government-mandated by 2022, of which approximately 21 billion gallons will originate from cellulosic sources. This presents a challenge to the cellulosic biofuel industry, although it provides a window of opportunity to bring vision, policy, and science together to guide the industry's sustainable development. The objective of this research was to utilize current scientific knowledge and farmers' prac- tical experience to identify basic characteristics of the cellulosic biofuel industry that will allow it to be most functional and sustainable, such that policy might be developed, if needed, to favorably shape the industry. This study's key participants included 14 scientists actively engaged in biofuel research and 44 farmers or agriculture professionals. The methods used in this study included (1) an integrated open forum and focus group discussions with scientists and (2) a triangulation of a survey and focus group discussion with farmers. Environmental, social, technological, and logistics criteria for four conversion facility configurations were assessed. Scientists assessed multiple-feedstock-species configurations more favorably than single-species configurations for environmental metrics and high/stable feedstock produc- tion. They also assessed distributed units as having fewer logistic challenges than centralized processing units. Distributed multiple-species configurations were also assessed to have greater rural development opportunity than other configurations. In contrast, the centralized single- species configuration was consistently assessed as not different from, or less favorable than, the other three configurations for all of the criteria assessed. Farmers have a significant need and desire for education about the emerging cellulosic biofuel industry but anticipated environ- mental challenges associated with single-species conversion platforms. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
639937 | Artificial intelligence expert to boost growth of a high-potential digital diagnostics start-up | Ellogon AI is an innovative start-up established in 2019 as a spin-off from University of Amsterdam, by leading academic experts in artificial intelligence, medical imaging, and computational pathology. The company develops a unique approach to analysis of complex histopathology images of tumour biopsies by directly connecting them to treatment outcomes. The developed technology is based on self-learning algorithms able to analyse whole-slide image big data and with a near-perfect accuracy to identify and detect specific cellular structures serving as potential cancer biomarkers. The company’s leading product will be the first AI-driven digital biomarker to assess the anti-tumor immune response in biopsies using identification and quantification of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The company’s future strategy is to integrate clinical/genomic data with multiple visual biomarkers for >95% accurate diagnostics and prediction of treatment outcome. Currently, only the management team works for the company and seeks to recruit the core technology expert associate that will be in charge of the technology development, with the outlook to become the leader of the development team and eventually the chief technology officer (CTO). In the company’s strategy to build leading technology expert team, filling this particular vacancy represent the critical recruitment milestone. The associate will develop and expand skills in high-performance machine learning applications working with state-of-the-art deep learning models, but also towards managing position in innovative small enterprise. The proposed grant will allow the company to secure the necessary financial resources to overcome the competition (scarcity in the candidates/ salary level) and resources barrier, as well as the visibility barrier to attract the needed expert. Competition in the national market is severe, hence acquiring talent outside the Netherlands is necessary. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.2337/db15-0881 | Protein biomarkers for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk in two large community cohorts | Insulin resistance (IR) is a precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and improved risk prediction and understanding of the pathogenesis are needed. We used a novel highthroughput 92-protein assay to identify circulating biomarkers for HOMA of IR in two cohorts of community residents without diabetes (n = 1,367) (mean age 73 ± 3. 6 years). Adjusted linear regression identified cathepsin D and confirmed six proteins (leptin, renin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra], hepatocyte growth factor, fatty acid-binding protein 4, and tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]) as IR biomarkers. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a positive causal effect of IR on t-PA concentrations. Two biomarkers, IL-1ra (hazard ratio [HR] 1. 28, 95% CI 1. 03-1. 59) and t-PA (HR 1. 30, 1. 02- 1. 65) were associated with incident T2D, and t-PA predicted 5-year transition to hyperglycemia (odds ratio 1. 30, 95% CI 1. 02-1. 65). Additional adjustment for fasting glucose rendered both coefficients insignificant and revealed an association between renin and T2D (HR 0. 79, 0. 62-0. 99). LASSO regression suggested a risk model including IL-1ra, t-PA, and the Framingham Offspring Study T2D score, but prediction improvement was nonsignificant (difference in C-index 0. 02, 95% CI 20. 08 to 0. 12) over the T2D score only. In conclusion, proteomic blood profiling indicated cathepsin D as a new IR biomarker and suggested a causal effect of IR on t-PA. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/ng.2363 | Genome stability, progressive kidney failure and aging | Two new studies report mutations in FAN1 and three other genome-stability genes that tie the DNA damage response to progressive kidney failure and the dysfunction of several other organs. These findings provide clues to the underlying causes of tissue decline and may add a series of genes to the growing list of genome maintenance factors that protect against premature aging. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.5617/jomi.7829 | Media Innovation and Social Change: Introduction to the Special Issue | Our purpose with this Special Issue is to present and contribute to a body of research that critically explores the relationship between media innovation and social change. In doing so, we also outline the contours of a research agenda to further develop this emerging field. Our motivation arises from a review of research published in the nine previous editions of this journal, where we explored how research about media innovations engaged with the topic of social change. We find that research in the field of media innovations has tended to focus on business and economic imperatives for media innovation, following the paradigm of research on digitalisation introduced by von Hippel’s theories of ‘democratizing innovation’ (2005), Chesbrough’s ‘open innovation’ (2006), or Tapscott and Williams, ‘Wikinomics’ (2011). As a consequence, digitalisation and the introduction of new technologies is usually unquestioningly presented as a business imperative for media industry stakeholders. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1002/stem.2529 | Concise Review: Geminin—A Tale of Two Tails: DNA Replication and Transcriptional/Epigenetic Regulation in Stem Cells | Molecular mechanisms governing maintenance, commitment, and differentiation of stem cells are largely unexploited. Molecules involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes are of particular importance for stem cell physiology, as they integrate different signals and coordinate cellular decisions related with self-renewal and fate determination. Geminin has emerged as a critical factor in DNA replication and stem cell differentiation in different stem cell populations. Its inhibitory interaction with Cdt1, a member of the prereplicative complex, ensures the controlled timing of DNA replication and, consequently, genomic stability in actively proliferating cells. In embryonic as well as somatic stem cells, Geminin has been shown to interact with transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive gene expression programs and ultimately guide cell fate decisions. An ever-growing number of studies suggests that these interactions of Geminin and proteins regulating transcription are conserved among metazoans. Interactions between Geminin and proteins modifying the epigenome, such as members of the repressive Polycomb group and the SWI/SNF proteins of the permissive Trithorax, have long been established. The complexity of these interactions, however, is only just beginning to unravel, revealing key roles on maintaining stem cell self-renewal and fate specification. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and give new perspectives for the role of Geminin on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, alongside with its regulatory activity in DNA replication and their implication in the regulation of stem and progenitor cell biology. Stem Cells 2017;35:299–310. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
635790 | Proposal for funding research development and manufacturing of vaccine against covid-19 | Funding of research and innovation programmes for the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against COVID-19 disease
The overall objective is to leverage co-funding from the European Commission to support CEPI’s COVID-19 vaccine programme development efforts. The COVID-19 outbreak has in a short timeframe grown to a global pandemic of historic proportions, with detrimental humanitarian and economic consequences. All evidence now suggests that eradication of COVID-19 is not feasible and that we face a global public health crisis which is unprecedented in modern times. At present there are no treatments, and there is no vaccine. Investing in vaccine development now is an investment in the future health for all in our societies and a return to social and economic development – both in Europe and in the rest of the globe.
CEPI is now seeking scientifically excellent research and development vaccine development programmes of a nature that will allow the broadest global access of the vaccines that are ultimately developed both within the current pandemic crisis and beyond. This will help curb the current ongoing outbreak, that is resulting in human suffering and a grave global economic crisis. CEPI was set up to respond to the crisis, where our vision is a world in which epidemics are no longer a threat to humanity. Our strategic objectives are further aligned with the sustainable development goals 3, 8 and 17. Of particular importance to CEPI’s work is to ensure that low- and low-middle income countries (LICs and LMICs, respectively) will have access to the vaccines to protect their most vulnerable population, as soon as a vaccine is made available and irrespective of their ability to pay. As the current pandemic has shown, viruses respect no boarders. To successfully curb the COVID-19 pandemic, we must ensure that all countries have the necessary tools to control the outbreak domestically. No-one is safe until everyone is safe. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1172/JCI72718 | Multifactorial Erβ And Notch1 Control Of Squamous Differentiation And Cancer | Downmodulation or loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding NOTCH1 are associated with dysfunctional squamous cell differentiation and development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in skin and internal organs. While NOTCH1 receptor activation has been well characterized, little is known about how NOTCH1 gene transcription is regulated. Using bioinformatics and functional screening approaches, we identified several regulators of the NOTCH1 gene in keratinocytes, with the transcription factors DLX5 and EGR3 and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) directly controlling its expression in differentiation. DLX5 and ERG3 are required for RNA polymerase II (PolII) recruitment to the NOTCH1 locus, while ERβ controls NOTCH1 transcription through RNA PolII pause release. Expression of several identified NOTCH1 regulators, including ERβ, is frequently compromised in skin, head and neck, and lung SCCs and SCC-derived cell lines. Furthermore, a keratinocyte ERβ–dependent program of gene expression is subverted in SCCs from various body sites, and there are consistent differences in mutation and gene-expression signatures of head and neck and lung SCCs in female versus male patients. Experimentally increased ERβ expression or treatment with ERβ agonists inhibited proliferation of SCC cells and promoted NOTCH1 expression and squamous differentiation both in vitro and in mouse xenotransplants. Our data identify a link between transcriptional control of NOTCH1 expression and the estrogen response in keratinocytes, with implications for differentiation therapy of squamous cancer. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1080/21681376.2015.1116960 | Who Isn T Online Mapping The Archipelago Of Disconnection | For many people, internet access is an essential part of everyday economic, social, and political activities (c. f. Graham and Dutton 2014). Yet access to the internet is, and has always been, geographically concentrated (Graham, Hale, and Stephens 2012, 2011). As such, it is important to focus on the people and places that are largely left out of digital connectivity. This visualisation looks at these in terms of internet penetration (i. e. the share of their population that have “used the Internet (from any location) in the last 12 months” (source: UN 2015)). The map highlights all territories that either have internet penetration below 10%, or for which no data from the World Bank exists. A lack of data can exist for several reasons, for example: some of these territories are statistically grouped together with bigger entities, no data have been collected or inferred, or the territories lack widespread recognised statehood. The map ultimately highlights an archipelago of land whose population is mostly c. . . | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.06.011 | Task-switching preparation across semantic and spatial domains: An event-related potential study | Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have identified the specific electrophysiological markers of advance preparation in cued task-switching paradigms. However, it is not yet completely clear whether there is a single task-independent preparatory mechanism for task-switching or whether preparation for a switch can be selectively influenced by the domain of the task to be performed. To address this question, we employed a cued-task switching paradigm requiring participants to repeat or to switch between a semantic and a spatial task. The behavioural results showed a significant switch cost for both domains. The ERP findings, however, revealed that switch and repeat trials for semantic and spatial domains differed in the amplitude modulation of an early P2 and a sustained negativity both expressed over fronto-central scalp regions. Further differences between the two domains also emerged over posterior-parietal electrodes. This pattern of data thus shows that advance preparation in task-switching can be selectively modulated by the domain of the task to be performed. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1068/a130046p | Government Quality and Spatial Inequality: A Cross-Country Analysis | This paper examines the relationship between government quality and spatial inequality across forty-six countries over the period 1996–2006. The results of the analysis point to the existence of a negative and significant association between government quality and the magnitude of regional disparities. Countries with better quality of government register lower levels of spatial inequality. This finding is robust to the inclusion in the analysis of additional explanatory variables that may affect both regional disparities and governance outcomes. The observed link between government quality and spatial inequality is confirmed by various robustness tests. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1038/srep34334 | Adhesive ligand tether length affects the size and length of focal adhesions and influences cell spreading and attachment | Cells are known to respond to physical cues from their microenvironment such as matrix rigidity. Discrete adhesive ligands within flexible strands of fibronectin connect cell surface integrins to the broader extracellular matrix and are thought to mediate mechanosensing through the cytoskeleton-integrin-ECM linkage. We set out to determine if adhesive ligand tether length is another physical cue that cells can sense. Substrates were covalently modified with adhesive arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) ligands coupled with short (9. 5 nm), medium (38. 2 nm) and long (318 nm) length inert polyethylene glycol tethers. The size and length of focal adhesions of human foreskin fibroblasts gradually decreased from short to long tethers. Furthermore, we found cell adhesion varies in a linker length dependent manner with a remarkable 75% reduction in the density of cells on the surface and a 50% reduction in cell area between the shortest and longest linkers. We also report the interplay between RGD ligand concentration and tether length in determining cellular spread area. Our findings show that without varying substrate rigidity or ligand density, tether length alone can modulate cellular behaviour. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
interreg_3734 | The Green Train of the Alps, the engine of ecological mobility between Ossola and the Valais | The objective of the project is to increase the attractiveness of the public service offered by the Trenino Verde delle Alpi and to subsequently change the modal split in favor of local public gransport (TPL) through integration - divided into infomobility, accessibility and intermodality - and environmental sustainability, with the promotion of low environmental impact services for commuters and tourists, to further increase interconnection and improve cross-border mobility. In the Domodossola and Ossola area the primary purpose is to improve air quality and the availability of soft mobility routes to reduce congestion and road accidents. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1128/JVI.01711-08 | Characterization Of Lassa Virus Cell Entry And Neutralization With Lassa Virus Pseudoparticles | The cell entry and humoral immune response of the human pathogen Lassa virus (LV), a biosafety level 4 (BSL4) Old World arenavirus, are not well characterized. LV pseudoparticles (LVpp) are a surrogate model system that has been used to decipher factors and routes involved in LV cell entry under BSL2 conditions. Here, we describe LVpp, which are highly infectious, with titers approaching those obtained with pseudoparticles displaying G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus and their the use for the characterization of LV cell entry and neutralization. Upon cell attachment, LVpp utilize endocytic vesicles for cell entry as described for many pH-dependent viruses. However, the fusion of the LV glycoproteins is activated at unusually low pH values, with optimal fusion occurring between pH 4. 5 and 3, a pH range at which fusion characteristics of viral glycoproteins have so far remained largely unexplored. Consistent with a shifted pH optimum for fusion activation, we found wild-type LV and LVpp to display a remarkable resistance to exposure to low pH. Finally, LVpp allow the fast and quantifiable detection of neutralizing antibodies in human and animal sera and will thus facilitate the study of the humoral immune response in LV infections. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1527124379 | The effect of aminoguanidine on the kidney of diabetic albino Balb/c mice | The aim of this study is to find out how activated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) affect kidney tissue in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and whether its influence can be prevented by aminoguanidine (AG), a specific iNOS inhibitor. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four study groups (n=6) receiving a daily dose of 100 mg.kg-1 AG for 90 days (Group AG), a single dose of 150 mg.kg-1 STZ (Group STZ), a single dose of 150 mg.kg-1 STZ followed by daily administration of 100 mg.kg-1 AG for 90 days (Group STZ-AG), and intraperitoneally injections of saline only (Group Control) for 90 days. Dispersion of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) was stronger in the kidney sections of STZ-treated animals compared with the controls. STZ treatment caused disruption of continuity of the brush borders in proximal tubules, glomerular endothelial damage, and considerable renin granules in the juxtaglomerular cells. AG administration following STZ treatment partly prevented histological and cytological changes in kidney cortex, and renin dispersion was similar to that in control animals. We found that increased inducible nitric oxide (iNO) caused kidney tissue degeneration that could be prevented to some extent by AG treatment. There is a possible relationship between increased iNOS and dispersion of renin granules in juxtaglomerular cells in diabetes. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
172490 | Unsettling remembering and social cohesion in transnational europe | The main purpose of this project is to deliver new empirical yet also theoretically informed knowledge of those memory agents, practices and contexts capable of countering fixed and essentialist war and conflict memories, opening them to reflexive reinterpretation and change. Theoretically, the project will develop the concept of an agonistic ethico-political mode of remembering as distinct from the antagonistic and cosmopolitan modes, and provide a thick description of their defining characteristics. A related aim is to assess which of the two reflective modes, the cosmopolitan or the agonistic, best contributes to a shared European ethico-political framework and transnational solidarity.
Empirically, the project will test the different ethico-political modes of remembering in contemporary heritage discourses and practices by different memory milieus located at various territorial scales in relation to some of the armed conflicts of the 20th century with an enduring legacy. By exploring the relationship between 1) the modes of remembering being negotiated and contested in various European settings; 2) the memory agents promoting them (heritage professionals, policy-makers, historians, creative artists, socio-political activists); and 3) material and immaterial heritage (museums, burial sites, media, visual and written culture), the project will assess how, why and in which contexts certain modes of remembering the violent past are able to prevail as well as their articulation with various territorial identities. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1002/glia.21255 | Bace1 processing of NRG1 type III produces a myelin-inducing signal but is not essential for the stimulation of myelination | Myelin sheath thickness is precisely adjusted to axon caliber, and in the peripheral nervous system, neuregulin 1 (NRG1) type III is a key regulator of this process. It has been proposed that the protease BACE1 activates NRG1 dependent myelination. Here, we characterize the predicted product of BACE1-mediated NRG1 type III processing in transgenic mice. Neuronal overexpression of a NRG1 type III-variant, designed to mimic prior cleavage in the juxtamembrane stalk region, induces hypermyelination in vivo and is sufficient to restore myelination of NRG1 type III-deficient neurons. This observation implies that the NRG1 cytoplasmic domain is dispensable and that processed NRG1 type III is sufficient for all steps of myelination. Surprisingly, transgenic neuronal overexpression of full-length NRG1 type III promotes hypermyelination also in BACE1 null mutant mice. Moreover, NRG1 processing is impaired but not abolished in BACE1 null mutants. Thus, BACE1 is not essential for the activation of NRG1 type III to promote myelination. Taken together, these findings suggest that multiple neuronal proteases collectively regulate NRG1 processing. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
337383 | Fast Filtering for Computer Graphics, Vision and Computational Sciences | The world of digital signal processing, in particular computer graphics, vision and image processing, use linear and non-linear, explicit and implicit filtering extensively to analyze, process and synthesize images. Given nowadays high-resolution sensors, these operations are often very time consuming and are limited to devices with high-CPU power.
Traditional linear translation-invariant (LTI) transformations, executed using convolution, requires O(N^2) operations. This can be lowered to O(N \log N) via FFT over suitable domains. There are very few sets of filters to which optimal, linear-time, procedures are known. This situation is more complicated in the newly-emerging domain of non-linear spatially-varying filters. Exact application of such filter requires O(N^2) operations and acceleration methods involve higher space dimension introducing severe memory cost and truncation errors.
In this research proposal we intend to derive fast, linear-time, procedures for different types of LTI filters by exploiting a deep connection between convolution, spatially-homogeneous elliptic equations and the multigrid method for solving such equations. Based on this circular connection we draw novel prospects for deriving new multiscale filtering procedures.
A second part of this research proposal is devoted to deriving efficient explicit and implicit non-linear spatially-varying edge-aware filters. One front consists of the derivation of novel multi-level image decomposition that mimics the action of inhomogeneous diffusion operators. The idea here is, once again, to bridge the gap with numerical analysis and use ideas from multiscale matrix preconditioning for the design of new biorthogonal second-generation wavelets.
Moreover, this proposal outlines a new multiscale preconditioning paradigm combining ideas from algebraic multigrid and combinatorial matrix preconditioning. This intermediate approach offers new ways for overcoming fundamental shortcomings in this domain. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1986213364 | Coxofemoral joint kinematics using video fluoroscopic images of treadmill-walking cats: development of a technique to assess osteoarthritis-associated disability | The objectives of this pilot study were to develop a video fluoroscopy kinematics method for the assessment of the coxofemoral joint in cats with and without osteoarthritis (OA)-associated disability. Two non-OA cats and four cats affected by coxofemoral OA were evaluated by video fluoroscopy. Video fluoroscopic images of the coxofemoral joints were captured at 120 frames/s using a customized C-arm X-ray system while cats walked freely on a treadmill at 0.4 m/s. The angle patterns over time of the coxofemoral joints were extracted using a graphic user interface following four steps: (i) correction for image distortion; (ii) image denoising and contrast enhancement; (iii) frame-to-frame anatomical marker identification; and (iv) statistical gait analysis. Reliability analysis was performed. The cats with OA presented greater intra-subject stride and gait cycle variability. Three cats with OA presented a left–right asymmetry in the range of movement of the coxofemoral joint angle in the sagittal plane (two with no overlap of the 95% confidence interval, and one with only a slight overlap) consistent with their painful OA joint, and a longer gait cycle duration. Reliability analysis revealed an absolute variation in the coxofemoral joint angle of 2º–6º, indicating that the two-dimensional video fluoroscopy technique provided reliable data. Improvement of this method is recommended: variability would likely be reduced if a larger field of view could be recorded, allowing the identification and tracking of each femoral axis, rather than the trochanter landmarks. The range of movement of the coxofemoral joint has the potential to be an objective marker of OA-associated disability. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-1824 | High Her2 Expression Correlates With Response To The Combination Of Lapatinib And Trastuzumab | Purpose: Expression of p95HER2 has been associated with resistance to trastuzumab-based therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Conversely, high levels of HER2 have been linked with increased clinical benefit from anti-HER2 therapy. In this work, we aimed to investigate whether the levels of p95HER2 and HER2 can predict response to anti-HER2 therapy in patients with breast cancer. Experimental Design: We measured p95HER2 and HER2 by VeraTag and HERmark, respectively, in primary tumors of patients enrolled in the neoadjuvant phase III study NeoALTTO and correlated these variables with pathologic complete response (pCR) and progression-free survival (PFS) following lapatinib (L), trastuzumab (T), or the combination of both agents (L+T). Results: A positive correlation between p95HER2 and HER2 levels was found in the 274 cases (60%) in which quantification of both markers was possible. High levels of these markers were predictive for pCR, especially in the hormone receptor (HR)–positive subset of patients. High HER2 expression was associated with increased pCR rate upon L+T irrespective of the HR status. To examine whether the levels of either p95HER2 or HER2 could predict for PFS in patients treated with lapatinib, trastuzumab or L+T, we fit to the PFS data in Cox models containing log 2 (p95HER2) or log 2 (HER2). Both variables correlated with longer PFS. Conclusions: Increasing HER2 protein expression correlated with increased benefit of adding lapatinib to trastuzumab. HER2 expression is a stronger predictor of pCR and PFS than p95HER2 for response to lapatinib, trastuzumab and, more significantly, L+T. Clin Cancer Res; 21(3); 569–76. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.137 | The UbL protein UBTD1 stably interacts with the UBE2D family of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes | UBTD1 is a previously uncharacterized ubiquitin-like (UbL) domain containing protein with high homology to the mitochondrial Dc-UbP/UBTD2 protein. Here we show that UBTD1 and UBTD2 belong to a family of proteins that is conserved through evolution and found in metazoa, funghi, and plants. To gain further insight into the function of UBTD1, we screened for interacting proteins. In a yeast-2-hybrid (Y2H) screen, we identified several proteins involved in the ubiquitylation pathway, including the UBE2D family of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. An affinity capture screen for UBTD1 interacting proteins in whole cell extracts also identified members of the UBE2D family. Biochemical characterization of recombinant UBTD1 and UBE2D demonstrated that the two proteins form a stable, stoichiometric complex that can be purified to near homogeneity. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1109/ASE.2015.24 | Learning To Rank For Question Oriented Software Text Retrieval T | Question-oriented text retrieval, aka natural language-based text retrieval, has been widely used in software engineering. Earlier work has concluded that questions with the same keywords but different interrogatives (such as how, what) should result in different answers. But what is the difference? How to identify the right answers to a question? In this paper, we propose to investigate the "answer style" of software questions with different interrogatives. Towards this end, we build classifiers in a software text repository and propose a re-ranking approach to refine search results. The classifiers are trained by over 16,000 answers from the StackOverflow forum. Each answer is labeled accurately by its question's explicit or implicit interrogatives. We have evaluated the performance of our classifiers and the refinement of our re-ranking approach in software text retrieval. Our approach results in 13. 1% and 12. 6% respectively improvement with respect to text retrieval criteria nDCG@1 and nDCG@10 compared to the baseline. We also apply our approach to FAQs of 7 open source projects and show 13. 2% improvement with respect to nDCG@1. The results of our experiments suggest that our approach could find answers to FAQs more precisely. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1063/1.4830400 | Potential Energy Landscapes For The 2D Xy Model Minima Transition States And Pathways | We describe a numerical study of the potential energy landscape for the two-dimensional XY model (with no disorder), considering up to 100 spins and central processing unit and graphics processing unit implementations of local optimization, focusing on minima and saddles of index one (transition states). We examine both periodic and anti-periodic boundary conditions, and show that the number of stationary points located increases exponentially with increasing lattice size. The corresponding disconnectivity graphs exhibit funneled landscapes; the global minima are readily located because they exhibit relatively large basins of attraction compared to the higher energy minima as the lattice size increases. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2383842861 | Discussion on the Boundary Relation of Electromagnetic Rield | The boundary relation of electromagnetic field is comprehensively analyzed.The normal component of dielectric displacement vector and parallel component of magnetic field are discontinuous across the interface due to the free surface charge and the free surface current.Bound surface charge and bound surface magnetized current give rise to the discontinuous normal component of intensity of polarization and the parallel component of intensity of magnetization across the interface.The boundray relations are independent with each other in the case of the steady electromegnetic field;however,they are dependent in the case of the time-dependent electromagnetic field,where only the tangential component of boundary relations needs to be considered. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TTHZ.2018.2883820 | Complex Field Mapping Of Large Direct Detector Focal Plane Arrays | Complex field mapping is a powerful tool to characterize the optical performance of astronomical instruments, and has become the standard for characterizing heterodyne array cameras. Recently, an adaptation of the heterodyne beam mapping technique was demonstrated on a single pixel of a direct detector instrument. We present a novel measurement apparatus and data acquisition techniques to efficiently reconstruct the complex field pattern of individual pixels across a direct detector focal plane array. These techniques are scalable to high pixel counts as the technology maturation and scientific requirements push to larger arrays. For this demonstration, we used an engineering model of the low-frequency band of the APEX microwave kinetic inductance detector camera with a center frequency of $\nu = {\text{350}}$ GHz. Amplitude and phase radiation patterns were measured from all 880 pixels of the test array in two orthogonal polarizations. We also discuss an updated postprocessing pipeline using the complex field data to characterize the optical performance of the array. Using the measured complex field pattern, we extract the co- and cross-polarization patterns and Gaussian beam parameters, and propagate the beam from the measurement plane to additional planes of interest across all pixels in the test array. Complex field measurements of direct detectors allow more precise characterization of beam parameters when compared to thermal measurements, particularly for individualized fitting in postprocessing not reliant on the accuracy of the probe system alignment. These techniques enable high-precision characterization of individualized beam parameters as well as the overall optical system to very large format arrays with modest computational processing power. These results demonstrate the diagnostic power of the presented measurement and analysis techniques. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
758345 | Design of Mixed Anion Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy Conversion | Multi-component systems offer the chemical and structural flexibility necessary to meet the needs of next-generation energy conversion. The vast majority of work in the field has focused on mixed-metal compounds. DISCOVER will computationally explore mixed-anion compounds. These are complex systems that provide significant technical challenges for atomistic and electronic structure modelling. Currently, structure-property relationships are poorly developed and there is a distinct lack of understanding of order-disorder transitions. Crucially, no systematic approach has been established for designing new combinations which can be tailored to match the criteria for technological applications.
This project aims to utilize advanced computational techniques to: (i) understand trends in existing mixed anion systems, and (ii) to employ state of the art crystal structure prediction codes to investigate novel ternary and quaternary mixed-anion compositions. The structure-property information emanating from this analysis will allow us to develop design principles for mixed anion semiconductors, which we will use to predict prototype systems for energy conversion. Promising candidates will be experimentally tested through a collaborative network of experts in the field. This ambitious project will push the boundaries of computational materials design, through the use of both classical and electronic structure simulation techniques for bulk, surface and excited states calculations.
The principle outcome will be a novel understanding of how to controllably design mixed anion semiconductors for technological applications, which will drive this material class to the forefront of materials science, while establishing my group at the frontier of computational materials science. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
US 2021/0052514 W | KELLY VALVE | A kelly valve for placement in a tubular drillstring has an inner cage, which holds a valve ball, lower valve ball seat and other valve components. A valve stem connected to the valve ball extends through a valve stem sleeve, positioned in an opening in the wall of the main body of the kelly valve. A thrust bearing of a low friction material, preferably of polyether ether ketone (PEEK), is positioned between the valve stem and the valve stem sleeve. A port in the valve ball seat permits pressure below the kelly valve to bypass a seal and act on the inside of the valve ball. A circumferential notch in the valve ball seat accommodates a circular spring, and prevents complete compression of the spring when the valve ball seat contacts an interior shoulder in the inner cage. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-23580-1_7 | Conjunctive Query Answering In Probabilistic Datalog Ontologies | Datalog+/- is a recently developed family of ontology languages that is especially useful for representing and reasoning over lightweight ontologies, and is set to play a central role in the context of query answering and information extraction for the Semantic Web. It has recently become apparent that it is necessary to develop a principled way to handle uncertainty in this domain; in addition to uncertainty as an inherent aspect of the Web, one must also deal with forms of uncertainty due to inconsistency and incompleteness, uncertainty resulting from automatically processing Web data, as well as uncertainty stemming from the integration of multiple heterogeneous data sources. In this paper, we present two algorithms for answering conjunctive queries over a probabilistic extension of guarded Datalog+/- that uses Markov logic networks as the underlying probabilistic semantics. Conjunctive queries ask: "what is the probability that a given set of atoms hold?". These queries are especially relevant to Web information extraction, since extractors often work with uncertain rules and facts, and decisions must be made based on the likelihood that certain facts are inferred. The first algorithm for answering conjunctive queries is a basic one using classical forward chaining (known as the chase procedure), while the second one is a backward chaining algorithm and works on a specific subset of guarded Datalog+/-; it can be executed as an anytime algorithm for greater scalability. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/nrg3765 | Identification and consequences of miRNA-target interactions-beyond repression of gene expression | Comparative genomics analyses and high-throughput experimental studies indicate that a microRNA (miRNA) binds to hundreds of sites across the transcriptome. Although the knockout of components of the miRNA biogenesis pathway has profound phenotypic consequences, most predicted miRNA targets undergo small changes at the mRNA and protein levels when the expression of the miRNA is perturbed. Alternatively, miRNAs can establish thresholds in and increase the coherence of the expression of their target genes, as well as reduce the cell-to-cell variability in target gene expression. Here, we review the recent progress in identifying miRNA targets and the emerging paradigms of how miRNAs shape the dynamics of target gene expression. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1109/VLSIT.2016.7573432 | Novel Rram Enabled 1T1R Synapse Capable Of Low Power Stdp Via Burst Mode Communication And Real Time Unsupervised Machine Learning | We present a new electronic synapse for neuromorphic computing consisting of a 1T1R structure based on HfO 2 RRAM technology, and capable of STDP and pattern learning. Power consumption is reduced by adopting short POST spike and burst-mode integration. MNIST classification shows promising learning and classification efficiency. These results support RRAM as an enabling technology for low-power neuromorphic hardware. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1017/S0143385711000939 | Multidimensional Expanding Maps With Singularities A Pedestrian Approach | I provide a proof of the existence of absolutely continuous invariant measures (and study their statistical properties) for multidimensional piecewise expanding systems with not necessarily bounded derivative or distortion. The proof uses basic properties of multidimensional BV functions (the space of functions of bounded variations). | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1111/desc.12390 | Co-occurrence statistics as a language-dependent cue for speech segmentation | To what extent can language acquisition be explained in terms of different associative learning mechanisms? It has been hypothesized that distributional regularities in spoken languages are strong enough to elicit statistical learning about dependencies among speech units. Distributional regularities could be a useful cue for word learning even without rich language-specific knowledge. However, it is not clear how strong and reliable the distributional cues are that humans might use to segment speech. We investigate cross-linguistic viability of different statistical learning strategies by analyzing child-directed speech corpora from nine languages and by modeling possible statistics-based speech segmentations. We show that languages vary as to which statistical segmentation strategies are most successful. The variability of the results can be partially explained by systematic differences between languages, such as rhythmical differences. The results confirm previous findings that different statistical learning strategies are successful in different languages and suggest that infants may have to primarily rely on non-statistical cues when they begin their process of speech segmentation. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201833137 | Fornax3D project: Overall goals, galaxy sample, MUSE data analysis, and initial results | The Fornax cluster provides a uniquely compact laboratory in which to study the detailed history of early-type galaxies and the role played by the environment in driving their evolution and their transformation from late-type galaxies. Using the superb capabilities of the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer on the Very Large Telescope, high-quality integral-field spectroscopic data were obtained for the inner regions of all the bright (mB ≤ 15) galaxies within the virial radius of Fornax. The stellar haloes of early-type galaxies are also covered out to about four effective radii. State-of-the-art stellar dynamical and population modelling allows characterising the disc components of fast-rotating early-type galaxies, constraining radial variations in the stellar initial-mass functions and measuring the stellar age, metallicity, and α-element abundance of stellar haloes in cluster galaxies. This paper describes the sample selection, observations, and overall goals of the survey, and provides initial results based on the spectroscopic data, including the detailed characterisation of stellar kinematics and populations to large radii; decomposition of galaxy components directly via their orbital structure; the ability to identify globular clusters and planetary nebulae, and derivation of high-quality emission-line diagnostics in the presence of complex ionised gas. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
US 0209170 W | A DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INSERTING ACOUSTICAL DAMPERS INTO EARPHONES | The present invention relates generally to a device and method for inserting and retaining an acoustical damper in a sound port for in-ear monitoring systems. In particular, a device having an insertion rod for guiding an acoustical damper into the opening of a sound port, and displacement members for forming retaining notches at the opening of the sound port, whereby the retaining notches retain the acoustical damper in the sound port. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1177/1948550616663803 | Spontaneous Trait Inferences On Social Media | The present research investigates whether spontaneous trait inferences occur under conditions characteristic of social media and networking sites: nonextreme, ostensibly self-generated content, sim. . . | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2012086089 | Flue Gas CO2 Mineralization Using Thermally Activated Serpentine: From Single- to Double-step Carbonation | Abstract This communication explores the carbonation potential of activated serpentine at flue gas conditions. A first series of single-step batch experiments was performed varying the temperature and the slurry density to systematically assess the precipitation regime of the relevant Mg-carbonates and the fate of the Si species in solution. The results suggested that the reaction progress was hindered by a passivating layer of re-precipitated silica, quartz, or carbonates, as well as by equilibrium limitations. Among several strategies that were tested to overcome these limitations, a simple double-step process that is driven by a temperature swing in combination with a low-level CO2 pressure swing is presented. Exploratory experiments are shown that prove the viability of our process, first by applying a discontinuous method, and secondly by implementing a methodology to cycle the liquid phase continuously between a dissolution reactor and a precipitator. In this way, it was possible to produce highly pure Mg-carbonates that may serve various industries. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.5194/cp-6-771-2010 | Perturbing phytoplankton: response and isotopic fractionation with changing carbonate chemistry in two coccolithophore species | . All species of coccolithophore appear to respond to perturbations of carbonate chemistry in a different way. Here, we show that the degree of malformation, growth rate and stable isotopic composition of organic matter and carbonate produced by two contrasting species of coccolithophore (Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Coccolithus pelagicus ssp. braarudii) are indicative of differences between their photosynthetic and calcification response to changing DIC levels (ranging from ~1100 to ~7800 μmol kg−1) at constant pH (8. 13 ± 0. 02). Gephyrocapsa oceanica thrived under all conditions of DIC, showing evidence of increased growth rates at higher DIC, but C. braarudii was detrimentally affected at high DIC showing signs of malformation, and decreased growth rates. The carbon isotopic fractionation into organic matter and the coccoliths suggests that C. braarudii utilises a common internal pool of carbon for calcification and photosynthesis but G. oceanica relies on independent supplies for each process. All coccolithophores appear to utilize bicarbonate as their ultimate source of carbon for calcification resulting in the release of a proton. But, we suggest that this proton can be harnessed to enhance the supply of CO2(aq) for photosynthesis either from a large internal HCO3- pool which acts as a pH buffer (C. braarudii), or pumped externally to aid the diffusive supply of CO2 across the membrane from the abundant HCO3- (G. oceanica), likely mediated by an internal and external carbonic anhydrase respectively. Our simplified hypothetical spectrum of physiologies may provide a context to understand different species response to changing pH and DIC, the species-specific εp and calcite "vital effects", as well as accounting for geological trends in coccolithophore cell size. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/s00330-016-4247-0 | Morphological imaging and T2 and T2* mapping of hip cartilage at 7 Tesla MRI under the influence of intravenous gadolinium | Objectives: To investigate the influence of intravenous gadolinium on cartilage T2 and T2* relaxation times and on morphological image quality at 7-T hip MRI. Methods: Hips of 11 healthy volunteers were examined at 7 T. Multi-echo sequences for T2 and T2* mapping, 3D T1 volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) and double-echo steady-state (DESS) sequences were acquired before and after intravenous application of gadolinium according to a delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) protocol. Cartilage relaxation times were measured in both scans. Morphological sequences were assessed quantitatively using contrast ratios and qualitatively using a 4-point Likert scale. Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation (ρ) and Wilcoxon sign-rank test were used for statistical comparisons. Results: Pre- and post-contrast T2 and T2* values were highly correlated (T2: acetabular: ρ = 0. 76, femoral: ρ = 0. 77; T2*: acetabular: ρ = 0. 80, femoral: ρ = 0. 72). Gadolinium enhanced contrasts between cartilage and joint fluid in DESS and T1 VIBE according to the qualitative (p = 0. 01) and quantitative (p < 0. 001) analysis. The delineation of acetabular and femoral cartilage and the labrum predominantly improved with gadolinium. Conclusions: Gadolinium showed no relevant influence on T2 or T2* relaxation times and improved morphological image quality at 7 T. Therefore, morphological and quantitative sequences including dGEMRIC can be conducted in a one-stop-shop examination. Key Points: • Hip cartilage T2 values correlate highly before and after gadolinium at 7 T • Hip cartilage T2* values correlate highly before and after enhancement at 7 T • Morphological hip cartilage imaging benefits from intravenous gadolinium at 7 T • The delineation of acetabular and femoral cartilage can be improved by gadolinium • Morphological and quantitative sequences including dGEMRIC can be combined as a one-stop-shop examination | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.3762/bjnano.5.223 | UHV deposition and characterization of a mononuclear iron(III) β-diketonate complex on Au(111) | The adsorption of the sterically hindered β-diketonate complex Fe(dpm)3, where Hdpm = dipivaloylmethane, on Au(111) was investigated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The high volatility of the molecule limited the growth of the film to a few monolayers. While UPS evidenced the presence of the β-diketonate ligands on the surface, the integrity of the molecule on the surface could not be assessed. The low temperature STM images were more informative and at submonolayer coverage they showed the presence of regular domains characterized by a flat morphology and height of ≈0. 3 nm. Along with these domains, tetra-lobed features adsorbed on the kinks of the herringbone were also observed. DFT-simulated images of the pristine molecule and its possible decomposition products allowed to assess the partial fragmentation of Fe(dpm)3 upon adsorption on the Au(111) surface. Structural features with intact molecules were only observed for the saturation coverage. An ex situ prepared thick film of the complex was also investigated by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and features typical of high-spin iron(III) in octahedral environment were observed. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1505474526 | Track-to-track association in the presence of sensor bias and the relative bias estimation | Track to track association problem is crucial for multisensor data fusion, and become complicated in the presence of sensor bias, random errors, false tracks and missed tracks. In this paper, we apply the optimal Bayes joint decision and estimation(JDE) which was proposed in [12] to the track-to-track association in the presence of sensor bias and develop a simplified JDE. The optimal Bayes JDE accounts to the possible association error when estimates the relative sensor bias and takes the estimate error into consideration when chooses the track-to-track association by the association cost having the estimation error. Hence it can enhance the accuracy of track-to-track association and reduce the relative bias estimate error. For computational simplicity, in this paper we proposed another JDE algorithm which can reduce the computation and only is slightly worse than the optimal Bayes JDE. The simulations compare the performance of the JDE association, the simplifed JDE developed in this paper, the method proposed in [8], and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of methods. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/17546559.2011.610171 | Medieval Portrayals Of The Ideal Woman | The final twenty-two verses of the biblical book of Proverbs (31:10–31) are written in the form of a complete alphabetic acrostic from Aleph to Taw and offer a detailed description of the ideal woman, who is portrayed as a capable and industrious wife. This distinct literary unit had a particularly fruitful life in post-biblical times. In this essay, I offer a glimpse into the history of its interpretation, specifically focusing on late medieval readings of the passage. Scholarship in the field often describes the late medieval exegetical tradition on this section in particular—and on the book of Proverbs in general—as fossilized in Maimonides’ philosophical allegory. In addition, and probably as a result of the aforementioned assumption, scholars usually consider that medieval authors disregarded all aspects relating to women and women's lives, in favour of philosophical categories. The following pages question both of these commonly held views. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.05.011 | Sleep and the heart: Interoceptive differences linked to poor experiential sleep quality in anxiety and depression | Interoception is the sense through which internal bodily changes are signalled and perceived. Individual differences in interoception are linked to emotional style and vulnerability to affective disorders. Here we test how experiential sleep quality relates to dimensions of interoceptive ability. 180 adults (42 ‘non-clinical’ individuals, 138 patients accessing mental health services) rated their quality of sleep before performing tests of cardiac interoception. Poor sleep quality was associated with lower measures of interoceptive performance accuracy, and higher self-report measures of interoceptive sensibility in individuals with diagnoses of depression and/or anxiety. Additionally, poor sleep quality was associated with impaired metacognitive interoceptive awareness in patients with diagnoses of depression (alone or with anxiety). Thus, poor sleep quality, a common early expression of psychological disorder, impacts cardiac interoceptive ability and experience across diagnoses. Sleep disruption can contribute to the expression of affective psychopathology through effects on perceptual and interpretative dimensions of bodily awareness. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1039/C2NR11715K | New Nano Architectures Of Mesoporous Silica Spheres Analyzed By Advanced Electron Microscopy | Using template-containing silica microspheres as a precursor, novel ordered mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a narrow pore size distribution and high crystallinity have been synthesized by various hydrothermal merging processes. Several architectures like chains, dumbbells, triangles, squares and flowers have been discovered. The linking mechanisms of these interacting silica spheres leading to the formation of ordered nano-structures are studied by HRTEM, HAADF-STEM and electron tomography and a plausible model is presented for several merging processes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
853211 | The Developing Communicator: Pragmatics, Sense Conventions and Non-Literal Uses of Language | Children are born communicators. A growing body of developmental evidence suggests that the cognitive abilities enabling the expression and comprehension of communicative intentions – so-called pragmatic abilities – which underlie language use and understanding, develop early. However, a puzzling feature of pragmatic development is young children’s difficulties with non-literal uses of language (e.g., “I love you so much I could eat you up!”). How can children be early experts at a range of pragmatically complex tasks requiring attention to speakers’ intentions, but act like ‘literal listeners’ in other contexts? The objective of DEVCOM is to provide an account of the stages and factors involved in children’s developing competence with non-literal uses of language. The project will investigate the novel hypothesis that children’s growing sensitivity to sense conventions, which determine the publicly accepted meaning of words in their language, impedes children’s pragmatic reasoning with non-literal uses in the pre-school years. The empirical data will be gleaned from experimental studies with typically developing children aged 2-7 years, focusing on lexical innovation, lexical modulation, and figurative language, each highlighting the interaction of pragmatic reasoning with sensitivity to sense conventions in a distinct way. Further, the project will investigate whether the persistent difficulties with non-literal uses faced by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be linked to the same source. The project will use a set of novel methodologies combining explicit and implicit measures, assuming that while children’s performance on explicit measures is liable to be affected by a growing sensitivity to sense conventions, implicit measures may be more revealing of their actual pragmatic abilities. The empirical results will provide input to a novel theoretical account of pragmatic development that resolves the developmental puzzle of non-literal uses of language. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
US 2013/0026610 W | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR HEATING A BED OF HYDROCARBON- CONTAINING ROCKS | Hydrocarbon-containing rocks (e.g. mined oil shale or mined coal or tar sands) are introduced into an excavated enclosure (e.g. a pit or an impoundment) to form a bed of rocks therein. One or more heaters (e.g. molten salt heaters) are operated to pyrolyze kerogen or bitumen of the rocks. In some embodiments, a hydrocarbon reflux loop is maintained within the enclosure to convectively heat the hydrocarbon-containing rocks by boiling hydrocarbon liquids from a reservoir at the bottom of the enclosure so that vapor passes to the top of the enclosure, condenses, and falls back through the bed. Alternatively or additionally, the rocks may be heated by heaters embedded within wall(s) and/or a floor of the enclosure. Some embodiments relate to techniques for upgrading mined coal to recover both hydrocarbon pyrolysis fluids and upgraded coal (e.g. anthracite coal). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01075 | The Gas-Phase Photophysics of Eosin y and its Maleimide Conjugate | The use of the xanthene family of dyes as fluorescent probes in a wide range of applications has provided impetus for the studying of their photophysical properties. In particular, recent advances in gas-phase techniques such as FRET that utilize such chromophores have placed a greater importance on the characterization of these properties in the gas phase. Additionally, the use of synthetic linker chains to graft the chromophores in a site-specific manner to their target system is ubiquitous. There is, however, often limited information on how the addition of such a linker chain may affect the photophysical properties of the chromophores, which is of fundamental importance for interpretation of experimental data reliant on grafted chromophores. Here, we present data on the optical spectroscopy of different protonation states of Eosin Y, a fluorescein derivative. We compare the photophysics of Eosin Y to its maleimide conjugate, and to the thioether product of the reaction of this conjugate with cysteamine. Comparison of the mass spectra following laser irradiation shows that very different relaxation takes place upon addition of the maleimide moiety but that the photophysics of the bare chromophore are restored upon addition of cysteamine. This radical change in the photophysics is interpreted in terms of charge-transfer states, whose energy relative to the S1 → S0 transition of the chromophore is dependent on the conjugation of the maleimide moiety. We also show that the shape of the absorption band is unchanged in the gas-phase as compared to the solution-phase, showing a maximum with a shoulder toward the blue, and examination of isotope distributions of the isolated ions show that this shoulder cannot be due to the presence of dimers. Consideration of the fluorescence emission spectrum allows a tentative assignment of the shoulder to be due to a vibrational progression with a high Franck-Condon factor. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1063/1.4901045 | Frequency Stabilization Of The Zero Phonon Line Of A Quantum Dot Via Phonon Assisted Active Feedback | We report on the feedback stabilization of the zero-phonon emission frequency of a single InAs quantum dot. The spectral separation of the phonon-assisted component of the resonance fluorescence provides a probe of the detuning between the zero-phonon transition and the resonant driving laser. Using this probe in combination with active feedback, we stabilize the zero-phonon transition frequency against environmental fluctuations. This protocol reduces the zero-phonon fluorescence intensity noise by a factor of 22 by correcting for environmental noise with a bandwidth of 191 Hz, limited by the experimental collection efficiency. The associated sub-Hz fluctuations in the zero-phonon central frequency are reduced by a factor of 7. This technique provides a means of stabilizing the quantum dot emission frequency without requiring access to the zero-phonon emission. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-33125-1_22 | Satisfiability Solvers Are Static Analysers | This paper shows that several propositional satisfiability algorithms compute approximations of fixed points using lattice-based abstractions. The Boolean Constraint Propagation algorithm (bcp) is a greatest fixed point computation over a lattice of partial assignments. The original algorithm of Davis, Logemann and Loveland refines bcp by computing a set of greatest fixed points. The Conflict Driven Clause Learning algorithm alternates between overapproximate deduction with bcp, and underapproximate abduction, with conflict analysis. Thus, in a precise sense, satisfiability solvers are abstract interpreters. Our work is the first step towards a uniform framework for the design and implementation of satisfiability algorithms, static analysers and their combination. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/NMAT4757 | Generation Of Subnanometric Platinum With High Stability During Transformation Of A 2D Zeolite Into 3D | Encapsulation of single-atom and particulate gold within growing zeolite frameworks generates active catalysts with exceptionally high thermal stability. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OE.21.012385 | Sensing The Wavefront Of X Ray Free Electron Lasers Using Aerosol Spheres | Characterizing intense, focused x-ray free electron laser (FEL) pulses is crucial for their use in diffractive imaging. We describe how the distribution of average phase tilts and intensities on hard x-ray pulses with peak intensities of 10(21) W/m(2) can be retrieved from an ensemble of diffraction patterns produced by 70 nm-radius polystyrene spheres, in a manner that mimics wavefront sensors. Besides showing that an adaptive geometric correction may be necessary for diffraction data from randomly injected sample sources, our paper demonstrates the possibility of collecting statistics on structured pulses using only the diffraction patterns they generate and highlights the imperative to study its impact on single-particle diffractive imaging. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1109/MGRS.2017.2762307 | Deep Learning In Remote Sensing A Comprehensive Review And List Of Resources | Central to the looming paradigm shift toward data-intensive science, machine-learning techniques are becoming increasingly important. In particular, deep learning has proven to be both a major breakthrough and an extremely powerful tool in many fields. Shall we embrace deep learning as the key to everything? Or should we resist a black-box solution? These are controversial issues within the remote-sensing community. In this article, we analyze the challenges of using deep learning for remote-sensing data analysis, review recent advances, and provide resources we hope will make deep learning in remote sensing seem ridiculously simple. More importantly, we encourage remote-sensing scientists to bring their expertise into deep learning and use it as an implicit general model to tackle unprecedented, large-scale, influential challenges, such as climate change and urbanization. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3645-15.2016 | Late Eeg Responses Are Absent For Conscious But Task Irrelevant Stimuli | Thousands of neural circuits are activated in our brains each second, but only some of them (quite mysteriously) give rise to conscious perception ([Koch, 2004][1]). The neuroscience of consciousness is the quest to identify these processes: a crucial pursuit with a wide range of applications, such | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
PL 0300037 W | PREPARATION OF 24 ALKYL ANALOGS OF CHOLECALCIFEROL AND NON-RACEMIC COMPOUNDS | Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 24 -alkyl analogs of cholecalcyferol of Formula 1 having a (5E) or (5Z) configuration, wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group or an OR1 group, wherein R1, R2 and R3 may be the same or different and represent groups suitable for hydroxyl protection, and R4 is a C1-6 alkyl chain or a C1-6 alkyl groups, especially for calcipotriol. The invention also provides new non-racemic compounds being valuable synthones for the synthesis of pharmacologically active substances. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1063/1.4830403 | Modeling And Enhanced Sampling Of Molecular Systems With Smooth And Nonlinear Data Driven Collective Variables | Collective variables (CVs) are low-dimensional representations of the state of a complex system, which help us rationalize molecular conformations and sample free energy landscapes with molecular dynamics simulations. Given their importance, there is need for systematic methods that effectively identify CVs for complex systems. In recent years, nonlinear manifold learning has shown its ability to automatically characterize molecular collective behavior. Unfortunately, these methods fail to provide a differentiable function mapping high-dimensional configurations to their low-dimensional representation, as required in enhanced sampling methods. We introduce a methodology that, starting from an ensemble representative of molecular flexibility, builds smooth and nonlinear data-driven collective variables (SandCV) from the output of nonlinear manifold learning algorithms. We demonstrate the method with a standard benchmark molecule, alanine dipeptide, and show how it can be non-intrusively combined with off-the-shelf enhanced sampling methods, here the adaptive biasing force method. We illustrate how enhanced sampling simulations with SandCV can explore regions that were poorly sampled in the original molecular ensemble. We further explore the transferability of SandCV from a simpler system, alanine dipeptide in vacuum, to a more complex system, alanine dipeptide in explicit water. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
3743076 | Applying state of the art smart sensor technology and structure from motion (sfm) photogrammetry for quantification of large wood (lw) movement processes and accumulation assessment in fluvial systems | Large wood (LW) plays an important role in fluvial systems as it moderates stream power, regulates sediment transport and provides habitat for fish and other living organisms. Besides the beneficial effects of a balanced wood budget in rivers, challenges arise for abundant quantities of accessible LW. Large quantities of wood show negative effects on stream ecology, river-crossing infrastructure and flood mitigation. The sudden and disastrous occurrence of LW during floods regularly affects communities and stream systems all over the world. Due to a lack of applicable methodologies in LW research little is known about transport dynamics of wood in rivers to date. In order to expand the current understanding of flow-sediment-wood interaction processes, especially at higher flow rates, specific and profound research is required. This project aims to utilise state of the art technologies for the application in nature sciences. Nine-degree of freedom (9-DoF) smart sensors are implanted into wood logs ‘SmartWood’, to capture complex movement processes in-situ. Furthermore, Structure from Motion photogrammetry is applied for the generation of 3D LW accumulation models, on a basis of 2D images, for precise volume, porosity and surface texture evaluation. The innovative methodologies allow for novel insights into LW movement behaviour and for quantification of wood deposits, which are often obstructing and diverting the flow. An improved understanding of LW movement processes is essential to better predict arising impacts on channel morphology, river-crossing infrastructure and environment. Gained results will contribute in a more reliable risk assessment for wood prone stream systems, advanced river and forestry management strategies under consideration of LW conveyance and filtering of critical key-logs, and to realize a concept that allows wood in rivers, as a natural and environmentally important element, consistent with modern land use and infrastructure. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1109/FOCS.2015.12 | Compressing And Teaching For Low Vc Dimension | In this work we study the quantitative relation between VC-dimension and two other basic parameters related to learning and teaching. Namely, the quality of sample compression schemes and of teaching sets for classes of low VC-dimension. Let C be a binary concept class of size m and VC-dimension d. Prior to this work, the best known upper bounds for both parameters were log(m), while the best lower bounds are linear in d. We present significantly better upper bounds on both as follows. We construct sample compression schemes of size exp(d) for C. This resolves a question of Littlest one and Warmuth (1986). Roughly speaking, we show that given an arbitrary set of labeled examples from an unknown concept in C, one can retain only a subset of exp(d) of them, in a way that allows to recover the labels of all other examples in the set, using additional exp(d) information bits. We further show that there always exists a concept c in C with a teaching set (i. e. A list of c-labeled examples uniquely identifying c in C) of size exp(d) log log(m). This problem was studied by Kuhlmann (1999). Our construction also implies that the recursive teaching (RT) dimension of C is at most exp(d) log log(m) as well. The RT-dimension was suggested by Zilles et al. And Doliwa et al. (2010). The same notion (under the name partial-ID width) was independently studied by Wigderson and Yehuday off (2013). An upper bound on this parameter that depends only on d is known just for the very simple case d=1, and is open even for d=2. We also make small progress towards this seemingly modest goal. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1128/JVI.00132-16 | Ion Channel Function And Cross Species Determinants In Viral Assembly Of Nonprimate Hepacivirus P7 | Nonprimate hepacivirus (NPHV), the closest homolog of hepatitis C virus (HCV) described to date, has recently been discovered in horses. Even though the two viruses share a similar genomic organization, conservation of the encoded hepaciviral proteins remains undetermined. The HCV p7 protein is localized within endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and is important for the production of infectious particles. In this study, we analyzed the structural and functional features of NPHV p7 in addition to its role during virus assembly. Three-dimensional homology models for NPHV p7 using various nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) structures were generated, highlighting the conserved residues important for ion channel function. By applying a liposome permeability assay, we observed that NPHV p7 exhibited liposome permeability features similar to those of HCV p7, indicative of similar ion channel activity. Next, we characterized the viral protein using a p7-based trans-complementation approach. A similar subcellular localization pattern at the ER membrane was observed, although production of infectious particles was likely hindered by genetic incompatibilities with HCV proteins. To further characterize these cross-species constraints, chimeric viruses were constructed by substituting different regions of HCV p7 with NPHV p7. The N terminus and transmembrane domains were nonexchangeable and therefore constitute a cross-species barrier in hepaciviral assembly. In contrast, the basic loop and the C terminus of NPHV p7 were readily exchangeable, allowing production of infectious trans-complemented viral particles. In conclusion, comparison of NPHV and HCV p7 revealed structural and functional homology of these proteins, including liposome permeability, and broadly acting determinants that modulate hepaciviral virion assembly and contribute to the host-species barrier were identified. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/104 | A Focused Hard X Ray Look At Arp 299 With Nustar | We report on simultaneous observations of the local starburst system Arp 299 with NuSTAR and Chandra, which provides the first resolved images of this galaxy up to energies of ~ 45 keV. Fitting the 3-40 keV spectrum reveals a column density of $N_{\rm H}$ ~ 4 x10^{24} cm^{-2}, characteristic of a Compton-thick AGN, and a 10-30 keV luminosity of 1. 2x 10^{43} ergs s^{-1}. The hard X-rays detected by NuSTAR above 10 keV are centered on the western nucleus, Arp 299-B, which previous X-ray observations have shown to be the primary source of neutral Fe-K emission. Other X-ray sources, including Arp 299-A, the eastern nucleus which is also thought to harbor an AGN, as well as X-ray binaries, contribute $\lesssim 10%$ to the 10-20 keV emission from the Arp 299 system. The lack of significant emission above 10 keV other than that attributed to Arp 299-B suggests that: a) any AGN in Arp 299-A must be heavily obscured ($N_{\rm H}$ > 10^{24} cm^{-2}) or have a much lower luminosity than Arp 299-B and b) the extranuclear X-ray binaries have spectra that cut-off above ~10 keV. Such soft spectra are characteristic of ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources observed to date by NuSTAR. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116087 | Ultra-high resolution and multi-shell diffusion MRI of intact ex vivo human brains using k<inf>T</inf>-dSTEAM at 9.4T | Diffusion MRI (dMRI) in ex vivo human brain specimens is an important research tool for neuroanatomical investigations and the validation of dMRI techniques. Many ex vivo dMRI applications have benefited from very high dMRI resolutions achievable on small-bore preclinical or animal MRI scanners for small tissue samples. However, the investigation of entire human brains post mortem provides the important context of entire white matter (WM) network systems and entire gray matter (GM) areas connected through these systems. The investigation of intact ex vivo human brains in large bore systems creates challenges due to the limited gradient performance and transmit radio-frequency (B1+) inhomogeneities, specially at ultra-high field (UHF, 7T and higher). To overcome these issues, it is necessary to tailor ex vivo diffusion-weighted sequences specifically for high resolution and high diffusion-weighting. Here, we present kT-dSTEAM, which achieves B1+ homogenization across whole human brain specimens using parallel transmit (pTx) on a 9. 4T MR system. We use kT-dSTEAM to obtain multi-shell high b-value and high resolution diffusion-weighted data in ex vivo whole human brains. Isotropic whole brain data can be acquired at high b-value (6000–8000 s/mm2) at high resolution (1000 μm) and at moderate b-value (3000 s/mm2) at ultra-high isotropic resolution (400 μm). As an illustration of the advantages of the ultra-high resolution, tractography across the WM/GM border shows less of the unwanted gyral crown bias, and more high-curvature paths connecting the sulcal wall than at lower resolution. The kT-dSTEAM also allows for acquisition of T1 and T2 weighted images suitable for estimating quantitative T1 and T2 maps. Finally, multi-shell analysis of kT-dSTEAM data at variable mixing time (TM) is shown as an approach for ex vivo data analysis which is adapted to the strengths of STEAM diffusion-weighting. Here, we use this gain for multi-orientation modelling and crossing-fiber tractography. We show that multi-shell data allows superior multiple orientation tractography of known crossing fiber structures in the brain stem. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
171476 | Prophetic:An innovating personal healthcare service for a holistic remote management and treatment of parkinson patients. | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by muscle rigidity, tremor, physical movement slowing and in extreme cases, loss of physical movement. Primary symptoms result of decreased motor cortex stimulation caused by insufficient dopamine formation in the brain’s dopaminergic neurons. Secondary symptoms include high level cognitive dysfunctions and subtle language problems. PD is chronic and progressive. Currently there is no cure for PD and associated costs, in terms of quality of life and health and social care expenditures, are expected to rise as the population ages.
As none of the existing PD interventions has been really effective the field shows potential for the development of systems to monitor individuals and facilitate symptoms’ management. The design of efficient ICT management system integrating remote monitoring of multi-parametric factors, decision support for medical staff, personalized and adaptable care, and patient and family education is a viable solution.
PROPHETIC will exploit modern smart miniaturized systems and advanced information systems towards an infrastructure for remote, continuous, noninvasive acquisition and advanced processing of multi-parametric data and friendly telecare provision based on serious gaming. It will use embedded electronics (suite and cap) capable of measuring neural, psychological, physiological, and biomechanical parameters, and securely communicating them to a Medical Business Intelligence System where pre-processed data will be further analysed hence overcoming real time activity monitoring limitations. Continuous monitoring while aware of the patient’s levodopa medication will help determine health and motor status and avoid levodopa side effects e.g. dyskinesia, freezing, low blood pressure, and falls. It will support caregivers’ decisions and allow early interventions. Appropriate information could be shared between the actors through e.g. smart phones with access according to their role. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
TW 97119945 A | Sectorized base stations as multiple antenna systems | Methods and apparatus for improved utilization of air link resources are discussed in wireless communications systems employing multi-sector base stations and wireless terminals with multiple antennas. Timing synchronization is maintained across the base station sectors, and the same set of tones are used in adjacent sectors. In a sector boundary region, which is typically a high interference region, a wireless terminal is set to a sector pair state and operated in a MIMO mode of operation, communicating with two adjacent base station antenna faces of the same base station concurrently, the two different adjacent base station antenna faces corresponding to different adjacent sectors. Thus, typically high interference sector boundary regions, are converted into high capacity regions by having the sectors coordinated and utilizing MIMO techniques. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1982513749 | Women's experiential journey toward voluntary childlessness: An interpretative phenomenological analysis | Voluntary childlessness is a relatively novel yet growing phenomenon. This idiographic study explored three women's experiential journeys toward voluntary childlessness. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes identified were: Owning the choice to be childless, social expectations, and models of mothering. Despite defining ‘voluntary childlessness’ as an unequivocal decision, the women's experiential accounts revealed an intrinsic fluidity in their journeys toward childlessness. Factors including beliefs in equality, independence and career aspirations competed with constructs of mothering/motherhood, partnership and choice to create a complex tapestry of contributory factors in these women's childlessness. The findings question the notion of choice and particularly women's ownership of that choice. The journeys toward childlessness these women shared reveal a synthesis of agentic decision-making, personal histories and challenging lifestyle choices bound up within an existential need to be a woman. More research is needed to determine the place of voluntary childlessness within society. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0162002 | Venue-based networks may underpin HCV transmissions amongst HIV-infected gay and bisexual men | Background This study aimed to investigate the potential influence of venue-based networks on HCV transmission in HIV-positive gay and bisexual men (GBM). Methods This was a prospectively recruited cohort of HIV-infected GBM with recently-acquired HCV infection resident in Melbourne and Sydney. Clinical and demographic data were collected together with blood samples for HCV sequencing. Phylogenies were inferred and clusters of individuals infected with HCV with genetic sequence homology were identified. Venues used for sourcing sexual partners were identified; sourcing partners from the same venue was considered a potential social link. Using the Jaccard similarity coefficient, associations were identified between the network of sites where men sourced sex partners and transmission relationships as defined by phylogenetic clustering. Results Forty individuals were recruited, of whom 62. 5%were considered to have sexually-and 37. 5% IDU-acquired HCV. Venue use was consistent with men being members of a more sexually adventurous gay community subculture. Six phylogenetically-determined pairs or clusters were identified, comprising fifteen (15/28, 53. 6%) individuals. Participants belonging to phylogenetic clusters were observed within the same networks. There was a significant correlation between the network and phylogenetic clustering when both cities were considered simultaneously (p = 0. 005), raising the possibility that social connections may be important for HCV transmissions. Conclusions Venue-based network elicitation is a promising approach for elucidating HCV transmissions amongst HIV-infected GBM. Public health approaches targeting individuals and venues prominent within networks may reduce onward HCV transmission. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1029/2011TC003047 | Numerical Investigation Of Deformation Mechanics In Fold And Thrust Belts Influence Of Rheology Of Single And Multiple Decollements | [1] Thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts related to convergence tectonics develop by scraping off a rock sequence along a weaker basal decollement often formed by water-saturated shale layers or low-viscosity salt horizons. A two-dimensional finite element model with a viscoelastoplastic rheology is used to investigate the structural evolution of fold-and-thrust belts overlying different types of decollements. In addition, the influence of multiple weak layers in the stratigraphic column is studied. Model shale decollements are frictional, with lower friction angles as the cover sequence. Model salt layers behave linear viscous, due to a lower viscosity as the cover sequence, or with a power law rheology. Single viscous decollement simulations have been compared to an analytical solution concerning faulting versus folding. Results show that fold-and-thrust belts with a single frictional basal decollement generate thrust systems ramping from the decollement to the surface. Spacing between thrust ramps depends on the thickness of the cover sequence. The structural evolution of simulations with an additional low-frictional layer depends on the strength relationship between the basal and the intersequential decollement. Tectonic underplating and antiformal stacking occur if the within-sequence decollement is weaker. In the frontal part of models, deformation is restricted to the upper part and imbrication occurs with a wavelength depending on the depth of the intermediate weak layer. “Salt” decollement with a viscosity of 10 18 Pa⋅s leads to isolated box folds (detachment folds). Multiple salt layers (10 18 Pa⋅s) result in long-wavelength folding. Our results for both frictional and viscous decollements are in bulk agreement with the Mohr-Coulomb type, critical wedge theory. Citation: Ruh, J. B. , B. J. P. Kaus, and J. -P. Burg (2012), Numerical investigation of deformation mechanics in fold-and-thrust belts: Influence of rheology of single and multiple decollements, Tectonics, 31, TC3005, doi:10. 1029/2011TC003047. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41561-019-0325-7 | Ubiquitous lower-mantle anisotropy beneath subduction zones | Seismic anisotropy provides key information to map the trajectories of mantle flow and understand the evolution of our planet. While the presence of anisotropy in the uppermost mantle is well established, the existence and nature of anisotropy in the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle are still debated. Here we use three-dimensional global seismic tomography images based on a large dataset that is sensitive to this region to show the ubiquitous presence of anisotropy in the lower mantle beneath subduction zones. Whereas above the 660 km seismic discontinuity slabs are associated with fast SV anomalies up to about 3%, in the lower mantle fast SH anomalies of about 2% persist near slabs down to about 1,000–1,200 km. These observations are consistent with 3D numerical models of deformation from subducting slabs and the associated lattice-preferred orientation of bridgmanite produced in the dislocation creep regime in areas subjected to high stresses. This study provides evidence that dislocation creep may be active in the Earth’s lower mantle, providing new constraints on the debated nature of deformation in this key, but inaccessible, component of the deep Earth. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2348885014 | Prediction of Finger Spacing for NAPLs Infiltrated in Porous Media | Four typical NAPLs were selected for vertical infiltration experiments conducted in two-dimensional visible sandbox apparatus.Totally 75 images were captured by the digital camera to have the front infiltration morphological information.Fractal dimension was used to estimate the effective interfacial tension for finger spacing prediction.In addition,finger spacing predicted by the means of capillary pressure head was compared with the predictions by fractal dimension.The results showed that predictions by the capillary pressure head method deviated more from the observed finger spacing,with the absolute error values varied between 1%-93% while the prediction errors by fractal dimension were between 2%-25%.NAPLs denser than water have quite high prediction errors calculated by the capillary pressure head method.The predicted finger spacing showed a significant linear correlation with those observed in practice.Compared with the capillary pressure head method,the fractal dimension method predicted more precisely especially for DNAPLs,which could be used for unstable finger flow prediction in the contaminated soil risk management and in the effective design of recovery and remediation schemes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00177 | Theory and Simulation of the Ultrafast Double-Bond Isomerization of Biological Chromophores | Ultrafast processes in light-absorbing proteins have been implicated in the primary step in the light-to-energy conversion and the initialization of photoresponsive biological functions. Theory and computations have played an instrumental role in understanding the molecular mechanism of such processes, as they provide a molecular-level insight of structural and electronic changes at ultrafast time scales that often are very difficult or impossible to obtain from experiments alone. Among theoretical strategies, the application of hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models is an important approach that has reached an evident degree of maturity, resulting in several important contributions to the field. This review presents an overview of state-of-the-art computational studies on subnanosecond events in rhodopsins, photoactive yellow proteins, phytochromes, and some other photoresponsive proteins where photoinduced double-bond isomerization occurs. The review also discusses current limitations that need to be solved in future developments. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_2099 | Lago Maggiore Meeting Industry: green meetings by the blue-waters lake | The project is outlined as follows:
Target: congress clients and incentives
Markets: foreign markets, with special attention to Great Britain, France and Switzerland
Content: reducing the events’ environmental impact. It involves two lines of action
a) Definition of the “Lake Maggiore Meeting Industry - Green Meetings by the blue-waters Lake" protocol, which contains a series of standards and procedures to reduce the environmental impact of the events. The standards and procedures will be defined and adopted by lake Maggiore stakeholders and communicated to the clients.
b) Promotion of “Lake Maggiore Meeting Industry - Green Meetings by the blue-waters Lake" on three markets: Great Britain, France and Switzerland. These foreign markets have been chosen based on the past interest shown and their accessibility to lake Maggiore. The promotion of certified Green Meetings enhances the quality of the area’s environment and landscape.
| [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1039/C3TA12975F | Graphene Oxide A Stable Carbon Framework For Functionalization | The effect of NaOH and HCl on the stability of the carbon framework in graphene oxide (GO) after substitution or etherification reaction in GO is demonstrated at 10 °C and 40 °C, respectively. Our results allow the preparation of functionalized GO based architectures with an intact σ-framework of carbon atoms. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1112/S0010437X18007388 | Stability Of Products Of Equivalence Relations | An ergodic probability measure preserving (p. m. p. ) equivalence relation is said to be stable if where is the unique hyperfinite ergodic type equivalence relation. We prove that a direct product of two ergodic p. m. p. equivalence relations is stable if and only if one of the two components or is stable. This result is deduced from a new local characterization of stable equivalence relations. The similar question on McDuff factors is also discussed and some partial results are given. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2009.2189 | Linking species abundance distributions in numerical abundance and biomass through simple assumptions about community structure | Species abundance distributions (SADs) are widely used as a tool for summarizing ecological communities but may have different shapes, depending on the currency used to measure species importance. We develop a simple plotting method that links SADs in the alternative currencies of numerical abundance and biomass and is underpinned by testable predictions about how organisms occupy physical space. When log numerical abundance is plotted against log biomass, the species lie within an approximately triangular region. Simple energetic and sampling constraints explain the triangular form. The dispersion of species within this triangle is the key to understanding why SADs of numerical abundance and biomass can differ. Given regular or random species dispersion, we can predict the shape of the SAD for both currencies under a variety of sampling regimes. We argue that this dispersion pattern will lie between regular and random for the following reasons. First, regular dispersion patterns will result if communities are comprised groups of organisms that use different components of the physical space (e. g. open water, the sea bed surface or rock crevices in a marine fish assemblage), and if the abundance of species in each of these spatial guilds is linked to the way individuals of varying size use the habitat. Second, temporal variation in abundance and sampling error will tend to randomize this regular pattern. Data from two intensively studied marine ecosystems offer empirical support for these predictions. Our approach also has application in environmental monitoring and the recognition of anthropogenic disturbance, which may change the shape of the triangular region by, for example, the loss of large body size top predators that occur at low abundance. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.16993/sjdr.629 | (Im)Possible lives and love: Disability and crip temporality in Swedish Cinema | As previous research has shown, people with disabilities often have restricted access to adulthood and its corresponding life events (including sexuality, partnership and parenthood), both in society and in popular cultural representations. This article analyzes five contemporary Swedish fiction films with protagonists with disabilities in order to consider how and in what ways they depict romantic relationships, sexuality, and reproduction as manifestations of adulthood in normative time and life course. The aim is to analyze if ableist norms related to time, adulthood, and sexuality is confirmed or challenged in these films. Four of the five films confirmed the ableist norm and used normalizing strategies to assimilate the disability position into normative life course and timeline. One of the films challenged the ableist implications of the normative timeline thus providing the possibility of crip time. Given media representations’ powerful dissemination of cultural values it is of great importance to scrutinize its underlying cultural values. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W2122383486 | Three-dimensional analytical description of magnetized winds from oblique pulsars | Rotating neutron stars, or pulsars, are plausibly the source of power behind many astrophysical systems, such as gamma-ray bursts, supernovae, pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants. In the past several years, 3D numerical simulations made it possible to compute pulsar spindown luminosity from first principles and revealed that oblique pulsar winds are more powerful than aligned ones. However, what causes this enhanced power output of oblique pulsars is not understood. In this work, using time-dependent 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and force-free simulations, we show that, contrary to the standard paradigm, the open magnetic flux, which carries the energy away from the pulsar, is laterally non-uniform. We argue that this non-uniformity is the primary reason for the increased luminosity of oblique pulsars. To demonstrate this, we construct simple analytic descriptions of aligned and orthogonal pulsar winds and combine them to obtain an accurate 3D description of the pulsar wind for any obliquity. Our approach describes both the warped magnetospheric current sheet and the smooth variation of pulsar wind properties outside of it. We find that generically the magnetospheric current sheet separates plasmas that move at mildly relativistic velocities relative to each other. This suggests that the magnetospheric reconnection is a type of driven, rather than free, reconnection. The jump in magnetic field components across the current sheet decreases with increasing obliquity, which could be a mechanism that reduces dissipation in near-orthogonal pulsars. Our analytical description of the pulsar wind can be used for constructing models of pulsar gamma-ray emission, pulsar wind nebulae, and magnetar-powered core-collapse gamma-ray bursts and supernovae. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/s00440-019-00940-2 | Tightness for the cover time of the two dimensional sphere | Let Cϵ,S2∗ denote the cover time of the two dimensional sphere by a Wiener sausage of radius ϵ. We prove that Cϵ,S2∗-2AS2π(logϵ-1-14loglogϵ-1)is tight, where AS2=4π denotes the Riemannian area of S2. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.020 | Low Young's modulus Ti-based porous bulk glassy alloy without cytotoxic elements | A new a biocompatible Ti42Zr40Ta3Si15 (atomic %) porous bulk glassy alloy was produced by combination of rapid solidification and powder metallurgy techniques. Amorphous alloy ribbons were fabricated by melt spinning, i. e. extremely fast quenching the molten alloy with 106 K/s from T = 1973 K down to room temperature. The ribbons were then cryo-milled at liquid nitrogen temperature in order to produce powder, which was subsequently hot pressed. The resulting thick pellets have a porosity of about 14 vol%, a high compression strength of 337 MPa and a Young's modulus of about E = 52 GPa, values very close to those characteristic of cortical bone. Moreover, the morphology of the samples is very similar to that of cortical bone. The biocompatibility, which is due to the absence of any toxic element in the chemical composition, together with the suitable mechanical behavior, make these samples promising for orthopedic and dentistry applications. Statement of Significance Ti-based alloys are nowadays the standard solution for biomedical implants. However, both the conventional crystalline and amorphous alloys have higher rigidity as the human bone, leading to the damage of the bone at the interface, and contains harmful elements like vanadium, aluminum, nickel or beryllium. The hierarchical porous structures based on glassy alloys with biocompatible elements is a much better alternative. This work presents for the first time the manufacturing of such porous bodies starting from Ti-based amorphous alloy ribbons, which contains only non-harmful elements. The morphology and the compressive mechanical properties of these new products are analyzed in regard with those characteristic to the cortical bone. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/s00223-017-0368-y | Gut Microbiota and Host Juvenile Growth | Good genes, good food, good friends. That is what parents hope will sustain and nurture the harmonious growth of their children. The impact of the genetic background and nutrition on postnatal growth has been in the spot light for long, but the good friends have come to the scene only recently. Among the good friends perhaps the most crucial ones are those that we are carrying within ourselves. They comprise the trillions of microbes that collectively constitute each individual’s intestinal microbiota. Indeed, recent epidemiological and field studies in humans, supported by extensive experimental data on animal models, demonstrate a clear role of the intestinal microbiota on their host’s juvenile growth, especially under suboptimal nutrient conditions. Genuinely integrative approaches applicable to invertebrate and vertebrate systems combine tools from genetics, developmental biology, microbiology, nutrition, and physiology to reveal how gut microbiota affects growth both positively and negatively, in healthy and pathological conditions. It appears that certain natural or engineered gut microbiota communities can positively impact insulin/IGF-1 and steroid hormone signaling, thus contributing to the host juvenile development and maturation. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
CA 544663 A | EXCESS AIR CONTROL | EXCESS AIR CONTROL Method and apparatus for maintaining excess air control in a gas furnace. A pressure switch is placed across a heat exchanger to indicate when, while accelerating the inducer motor speed during purging operation, the pressure drop reaches a predetermined level. When that occurs, the motor speed is sensed and recorded. When the furnace is subsequently fired, the desired inducer motor speed is obtained by modifying the recorded motor speed by a correction factor derived from empirical data obtained from a gas furnace operating under selective variable conditions. Further, in a two stage gas furnace system, low and high pressure switches are placed across the heat exchanger and are successively closed, as the inducer motor accelerates during purging, when the pressure drop reaches the respective theoretically desired low and high firing pressure drop levels. As the switches are closed, the inducer motor speeds are sensed and recorded, with a ratio of the two then being calculated. After firing, the ratio is then directly applied to a desired high firing motor speed to obtain the desired low firing motor speed. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkx1268 | Refined sgRNA efficacy prediction improves largeand small-scale CRISPR-Cas9 applications | Genome editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 system has enabled unprecedented efficacy for reverse genetics and gene correction approaches. While off-target effects have been successfully tackled, the effort to eliminate variability in sgRNA efficacies-which affect experimental sensitivity-is in its infancy. To address this issue, studies have analyzed the molecular features of highly active sgRNAs, but independent cross-validation is lacking. Utilizing fluorescent reporter knock-out assays with verification at selected endogenous loci, we experimentally quantified the target efficacies of 430 sgRNAs. Based on this dataset we tested the predictive value of five recently-established prediction algorithms. Our analysis revealed a moderate correlation (r = 0. 04 to r = 0. 20) between the predicted and measured activity of the sgRNAs, and modest concordance between the different algorithms. We uncovered a strong PAMdistal GC-content-dependent activity, which enabled the exclusion of inactive sgRNAs. By deriving nine additional predictive features we generated a linear model-based discrete system for the efficient selection (r = 0. 4) of effective sgRNAs (CRISPRater). We proved our algorithms' efficacy on small and large external datasets, and provide a versatile combined on- and off-target sgRNA scanning platform. Altogether, our study highlights current issues and efforts in sgRNA efficacy prediction, and provides an easily-applicable discrete system for selecting efficient sgRNAs. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
EP 02090328 A | Method and device to optimize route plans on line networks | Die Erfindung beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Fahrplanoptimierung in Liniennetzen sowie ein entsprechendes Computerprogramm-Erzeugnis und ein entsprechendes computerlesbares Speichermedium, welche insbesondere eingesetzt werden können zur Erstellung von Fahrplänen, die optimal bezüglich Energieverbrauch (unter Berücksichtigung des Rückspeiseeffktes) und/oder zeitlicher Verteilung des Energiebedarfs (Desynchronisation) ausgelegt sind. Erforderlichenfalls können weitere Optmierungsparameter berücksichtigt werden wie: Summe der Umsteigezeiten, Anzahl der benötigten Fahrzeuge und Verspätungssumme der betrachteten Fahrpläne. Zur Lösung des Optimierungsproblems wird der (kontinuierliche) Lösungsraum diskretisiert. Die Fahrplanoptimierung kann als enumeratives Verfahren oder - ausgehend von einer Startlösung - ein lokales Suchverfahren ausgeführt werden. Die Effizienz wird durch den Einsatz eines Sweep-Line-Algorithmus erreicht. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s42003-018-0235-z | Global transcriptome analysis of the aphelid Paraphelidium tribonemae supports the phagotrophic origin of fungi | Aphelids are little-known phagotrophic parasites of algae whose life cycle and morphology resemble those of the parasitic rozellids (Cryptomycota, Rozellomycota). In previous phylogenetic analyses of RNA polymerase and rRNA genes, aphelids, rozellids and Microsporidia (parasites of animals) formed a clade, named Opisthosporidia, which appeared as the sister group to Fungi. However, the statistical support for the Opisthosporidia was always moderate. Here, we generated full life-cycle transcriptome data for the aphelid species Paraphelidium tribonemae. In-depth multi-gene phylogenomic analyses using several protein datasets place this aphelid as the closest relative of fungi to the exclusion of rozellids and Microsporidia. In contrast with the comparatively reduced Rozella allomycis genome, we infer a rich, free-living-like aphelid proteome, with a metabolism similar to fungi, including cellulases likely involved in algal cell-wall penetration and enzymes involved in chitin biosynthesis. Our results suggest that fungi evolved from complex aphelid-like ancestors that lost phagotrophy and became osmotrophic. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02223.x | Personal Identification of Cold Case Remains Through Combined Contribution from Anthropological, mtDNA, and Bomb-Pulse Dating Analyses | In 1968, a child's cranium was recovered from the banks of a northern Canadian river and held in a trust until the "cold case" was reopened in 2005. The cranium underwent reanalysis at the Centre for Forensic Research, Simon Fraser University, using recently developed anthropological analysis, "bomb-pulse" radiocarbon analysis, and forensic DNA techniques. Craniometrics, skeletal ossification, and dental formation indicated an age-at-death of 4. 4 ± 1 year. Radiocarbon analysis of enamel from two teeth indicated a year of birth between 1958 and 1962. Forensic DNA analysis indicated the child was a male, and the obtained mitochondrial profile matched a living maternal relative to the presumed missing child. These multidisciplinary analyses resulted in a legal identification 41 years after the discovery of the remains, highlighting the enormous potential of combining radiocarbon analysis with anthropological and mtDNA analyses in producing confident personal identifications for forensic cold cases dating to within the last 60 years. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1083/jcb.201104062 | Osh4p exchanges sterols for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate between lipid bilayers | Osh/Orp proteins transport sterols between organelles and are involved in phosphoinositide metabolism. The link between these two aspects remains elusive. Using novel assays, we address the influence of membrane composition on the ability of Osh4p/ Kes1p to extract, deliver, or transport dehydroergosterol (DHE). Surprisingly, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) specifically inhibited DHE extraction because PI(4)P was itself efficiently extracted by Osh4p. We solve the structure of the Osh4p-PI(4)P complex and reveal how Osh4p selectively substitutes PI(4)P for sterol. Last, we show that Osh4p quickly exchanges DHE for PI(4)P and, thereby, can transport these two lipids between membranes along opposite routes. These results suggest a model in which Osh4p transports sterol from the ER to late compartments pinpointed by PI(4)P and, in turn, transports PI(4)P backward. Coupled to PI(4)P metabolism, this transport cycle would create sterol gradients. Because the residues that recognize PI(4)P are conserved in Osh4p homologues, other Osh/Orp are potential sterol/phosphoinositol phosphate exchangers. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2032430732 | Light ion source for proton/deuteron production at CEA Saclay for the Spiral2 project | The production of rare radioactive ion beam (RIB) far from the valley of stability is one of the final purposes of the Spiral2 facility in Caen. The RIB will be produced by impinging a deuteron beam onto a carbon sample to produce a high neutron flux, which will interact with a uranium target. The primary deuteron beam is produced by an ion source based on ECR plasma generation. The deuteron source and the low energy beam transport (LEBT) has been assembled and tested at CEA Saclay. Diagnostics from other laboratories were implemented on the LEBT in order to characterize the deuteron beam produced and compare it to the initial simulations. The ion source has been based on a SILHI-type source, which has demonstrated good performances in pulsed and continuous mode, and also a very good reliability on long term operation. The 5 mA of deuteron beam required at the RFQ entrance is extracted from the plasma source at the energy of 40 kV. After a brief description of the experimental set-up, this article reports on the first beam characterization experiments. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
3742764 | Ecstatic utopias: reorienting audiovisual evocations of place towards a relational queer future | As people move through the world, affecting and affected by its sights, sounds and smells, we understand our localised experiences as constructing a perception and identity of place. Given its centrality to the human experience, understanding place has preoccupied artists and academics attempting to evoke and explore how we affect and are affected by the world. Artists utilising referential media such as photography and phonography have built up a body of work exploring visual and sonic evocations of place through recorded time. The ER’s theoretical and practice-led research has fed into this, uniquely utilising both photography and phonography as equals and taking advantage of their contrasting temporalities to create transcendent experiences of time and place. In this project, the ER will develop a new theoretical framework integrating queer, political and cultural theory to reorient the evocation of place away from an evocation of place in the past and towards a relational sense of queer futurity. Informed by this framework and utilising the transcendent rhythmic aesthetics of static and moving temporalities in recorded sound and image, the ER will create a portfolio of artworks built out of layers of affected and affective field recordings, photographs and videos to create complex assemblages of place as it exists in the past to produce an affective, emotive imaginary of a relational queer future. Mark Fisher identified the transformative potential of transcendent art to create an imaginary beyond the political context which produced the climate crisis and increasing inequality. In a context of rapid climate change, artistic and theoretical interventions in the way people relate to place and the environment we inhabit are vital. Reorienting this relationship towards the future lays the groundwork for a context in which change progresses society towards a vision of utopia rather than preserving the status quo which produced the situation we find ourselves in. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
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