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10.1007/JHEP09(2018)018 | The type IIA flux potential, 4-forms and Freed-Witten anomalies | We compute the full classical 4d scalar potential of type IIA Calabi-Yau orientifolds in the presence of fluxes and D6-branes. We show that it can be written as a bilinear form V = ZABρAρB, where the ρA are in one-to-one correspondence with the 4-form fluxes of the 4d effective theory. The ρA only depend on the internal fluxes, the axions and the topological data of the compactification, and are fully determined by the Freed-Witten anomalies of branes that appear as 4d string defects. The quadratic form ZAB only depends on the saxionic partners of these axions. In general, the ρA can be seen as the basic invariants under the discrete shift symmetries of the 4d effective theory, and therefore the building blocks of any flux-dependent quantity. All these polynomials may be obtained by derivation from one of them, associated to a universal 4-form. The standard N= 1 supergravity flux superpotential is uniquely determined from this master polynomial, and vice versa. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1126/science.1211535 | A 100,000-year-old ochre-processing workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa | The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection. | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1210/en.2012-1405 | Hypothalamic CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Regulate Energy Balance in Mice | Cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor activation is generally considered a powerful orexigenic signal and inhibition of the endocannabinoid system is beneficial for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. The hypothalamus plays a critical role in regulating energy balance by modulating both food intake and energy expenditure. Although CB1 receptor signaling has been implicated in the modulation of both these mechanisms, a complete understanding of its role in the hypothalamus is still lacking. Here we combined a genetic approach with the use of adeno-associated viral vectors to delete the CB1 receptor gene in the adult mouse hypothalamus and assessed the impact of such manipulation on the regulation of energy balance. Viral-mediated deletion of the CB1 receptor gene in the hypothalamus led to the generation of Hyp-CB1-KO mice, which displayed an approximately 60% decrease in hypothalamic CB1 receptor mRNA levels. Hyp-CB1-KO mice maintained on a normocaloric, standard diet showed decreased body weight gain over time, which was associated with increased energy expenditure and elevated β3-adrenergic receptor and uncoupling protein-1 mRNA levels in the brown adipose tissue but, surprisingly, not to changes in food intake. Additionally, Hyp-CB1-KO mice were insensitive to the anorectic action of the hormone leptin (5 mg/kg) and displayed a time-dependent hypophagic response to the CB1 inverse agonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg). Altogether these findings suggest that hypothalamic CB1 receptor signaling is a key determinant of energy expenditure under basal conditions and reveal its specific role in conveying the effects of leptin and pharmacological CB1 receptor antagonism on food intake. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.aau3826 | Sensitivity of the superconducting state in thin films | For more than two decades, there have been reports on an unexpected metallic state separating the established superconducting and insulating phases of thin-film superconductors. To date, no theoretical explanation has been able to fully capture the existence of such a state for the large variety of superconductors exhibiting it. Here, we show that for two very different thin-film superconductors, amorphous indium oxide and a single crystal of 2H-NbSe2, this metallic state can be eliminated by adequately filtering external radiation. Our results show that the appearance of temperature-independent, metallic-like transport at low temperatures is sufficiently described by the extreme sensitivity of these superconducting films to external perturbations. We relate this sensitivity to the theoretical observation that, in two dimensions, superconductivity is only marginally stable. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2150497405 | Research on the Formation Mechanism and Dynamic Factors of Commercial Housing Prices Based on the Correction Carey Model - Panel Data from Thirty-Five Key Cities | Since 2004, a nationwide commercial housing prices showing explosive growth, This paper use the Carey model studying the volatility of commodity housing price mechanism theory. By Carey theoretical correction model in 1998-2003 and 2004-2010, respectively, in two stages to establish the individual fixed effects and individual random effects panel data model focused on the monitoring of the Ministry of Construction of the 35 cities of the empirical testing of commercial housing price. Analysis concluded that the cost of land, building costs, per capita disposable income of urban residents, urban population, and psychological expectations is the main factors to promote China's real estate prices. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2382454735 | Studying the coordination between orbital transportation planning and the development of urban space——Taking Quanzhou city's orbital transportation planning for example | The development status of Quanzhou city space and traffic situation was introduced,the incongruous relationship between them was analyzed.Urban transport was as the lifeblood of the city to control the city's development.To make the rail transportation as a perfect integration into the city,it is very important to study the coordination of the interaction between them.basing on the combination of spatial development strategy of Quanzhou city,it was proposed to coordinate the development of urban space among rail transportation's line network level structure,and other traffic in a coordinated fashion,and landscape and environment,in end to exploitation and mass transit systems sustainable development,so as to provide reference for similar projects. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
217474 | Advanced mechatronics devices for a novel turboprop electric starter-generator and health monitoring system | The ACHIEVE Consortium will bring together their world-leading expertise in the design and manufacturing of electrical machines for aircraft Advanced Generation Systems (AGS), integrated Power Electronics (PE), advanced control systems and intelligent thermal management, to develop an innovative advanced mechatronic device for electrical power management system of Turboprop.
The ACHIEVE Consortium will combine their world-leading expertise in the technical areas of PE, AGS and their control, as well as in modelling and simulation for aerospace applications. The aim of ACHIEVE is to develop an innovative mechatronic system with functions of generating, multi-functional, more efficient, reliable, compact and lighter and hence contributing towards higher performance and more efficient and greener turboprops
The topic of advanced mechatronics devices is to support the CS2 Engine ITD WP3 “Business aviation / Short range reginal Turboprop Demonstrator” programme led by Turbomeca. The WP3 aims to acquisition of technologies for a high performance turboprop engine in the 1800-2000 shp class for business aviation and short range regional applications. This project will deliver a novel advanced mechatronics device which will be integrated to the developed engine. The developed mechatronic device is essentially an electrical starter/generator system with functions including motoring, generating, power transmission, health monitoring and communication.
The concept of ACHIEVE is to design, manufacture and test an innovative and integrated mechatronic device which is capable of performing motoring, generating, power transmission, health monitoring and signal communications. The mechatronic device is essentially made of an electrical machine, an electronic power converter and associate controllers. Moving from the state-of-the-art brushed 28Vdc generator, the system developed within the ACHIEVE will be brushless with higher power density, lower weight and higher TBMO. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1179/1461957115Y.0000000008 | The Political Economy And Metal Trade In Bronze Age Europe Understanding Regional Variability In Terms Of Comparative Advantages And Articulations | AbstractIn the second millennium cal BC, a new metal conquered Europe: the alloy of copper and tin that improved the quality of tools and weapons. This development, we argue, initiated a framework for a new political economy. We explore how a political economy approach may help understand the European Bronze Age by focussing on regional comparative advantages in long-distance trade and resulting bottlenecks in commodity flows. Links existed in commodity chains, where obligated labour and ownership of resources helped mobilize surpluses, thus creating potential for social segments to control the production and flows of critical goods. The political economy of Bronze Age Europe would thus represent a transformation in how would-be leaders mobilized resources to support their political ends. The long-distance trade in metals and other commodities created a shift from local group ownership towards increasingly individual strategies to obtain wealth from macro-regional trade. We construct our argument to make . . . | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
Q2718652 | Diversifizierung des Produktionsangebots im Bereich Scrapbooking und Papercrafting durch Einführung neuer Produkte auf dem nationalen und internationalen Markt | Gegenstand des Projekts ist der Erwerb von Sachanlagen und Software, die notwendig sind, um ein einzigartiges Angebot im Bereich Scrapbooking und Papercrafting auf dem Markt umzusetzen. Der detaillierte sachliche Umfang des Projekts ist in Abschnitt G.1.2 des Finanzhilfeantrags beschrieben. Umsetzungsmethode: Das Projekt wird eigenständig durchgeführt, es ist kein Partnerschaftsprojekt geplant. Aufgrund seines Umfangs wird das Projekt eine einstufige Investition sein. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/nn503458y | Surface functionalization of semiconductor and oxide nanocrystals with small inorganic oxoanions (PO<inf>4</inf><sup>3-</sup>, MoO<inf>4</inf><sup>2-</sup>) and polyoxometalate ligands | In this work, we study the functionalization of the nanocrystal (NC) surface with inorganic oxo ligands, which bring a new set of functionalities to all-inorganic colloidal nanomaterials. We show that simple inorganic oxoanions, such as PO43- and MoO42-, exhibit strong binding affinity to the surface of various II-VI and III-V semiconductor and metal oxide NCs. ζ-Potential titration offered a useful tool to differentiate the binding affinities of inorganic ligands toward different NCs. Direct comparison of the binding affinity of oxo and chalcogenidometallate ligands revealed that the former ligands form a stronger bond with oxide NCs (e. g. , Fe2O3, ZnO, and TiO2), while the latter prefer binding to metal chalcogenide NCs (e. g. , CdSe). The binding between NCs and oxo ligands strengthens when moving from small oxoanions to polyoxometallates (POMs). We also show that small oxo ligands and POMs make it possible to tailor NC properties. For example, we observed improved stability upon Li+-ion intercalation into the films of Fe2O3 hollow NCs when capped with MoO42- ligands. We also observed lower overpotential and enhanced exchange current density for water oxidation using Fe2O3 NCs capped with [P2Mo18O62]6- ligands and even more so for [{Ru4O4(OH)2(H2O)4}(γ-SiW10O36)2] with POM as the capping ligand. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1142/S021820251350067X | Nonconforming Tetrahedral Mixed Finite Elements For Elasticity | This paper presents a nonconforming finite element approximation of the space of symmetric tensors with square integrable divergence, on tetrahedral meshes. Used for stress approximation together with the full space of piecewise linear vector fields for displacement, this gives a stable mixed finite element method which is shown to be linearly convergent for both the stress and displacement, and which is significantly simpler than any stable conforming mixed finite element method. The method may be viewed as the three-dimensional analogue of a previously developed element in two dimensions. As in that case, a variant of the method is proposed as well, in which the displacement approximation is reduced to piecewise rigid motions and the stress space is reduced accordingly, but the linear convergence is retained. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-981-13-1316-5_50 | Cryogenic Light Detectors For Background Suppression The Calder Project | Next generation bolometric experiments, such as CUPID, are demanding for very competitive cryogenic light detectors. The technology for light detection must ensure an RMS noise resolution lower than 20 eV, a wide active surface (several cm\(^2\)) and a high intrinsic radio-purity. Furthermore, the detectors have to be multiplexable, in order to reduce the number of electronics channels for the read-out, as well as the heat load for the cryogenic apparatus. Finally they must be characterized by a robust and reproducible behaviour, as next generation detectors will need hundreds of devices. None of the existing light detectors satisfies all these requests. In this contribution I will present the CALDER project, a recently proposed technology for light detection which aim to realize a device with all the described features. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/gerona/glx217 | The Temporal Association between Executive Function and Life-Space Mobility in Old Age | Background Life-space mobility, an indicator of community mobility, describes person's movements in terms of the distance from home, the frequency of movement, and the need of assistance for movement. Executive function (EF) is a higher-order cognitive function that supervises motor control and plays a key role in a person's ability to function independently. Cognitive impairment often co-occurs with restricted life-space mobility; however, the direction of the longitudinal associations between EF and life-space mobility is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal associations between EF and life-space mobility among community-dwelling older people. Methods One hundred eight community-dwelling persons aged 76 to 91 years participated in the 2 year follow-up study. EF was measured with the Trail Making Test. The Life-Space Assessment (range 0-120, higher scores indicate more mobility) was used to assess life-space mobility. Cross-lagged model design was used to examine longitudinal relationship between EF and life-space mobility. The model was adjusted for age and gender. Results Average age of participants at baseline was 82. 2 (SD 4. 1) years and 59% were women. Better EF at baseline predicted higher life-space mobility at follow-up (path coefficient = 3. 81, 95% confidential interval; 0. 84, 6. 78, p =. 012), whereas baseline life-space mobility did not predict EF at follow-up. Conclusion EF was a determinant of life-space mobility. Supporting EF may enhance maintaining independence and active participation in old age. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/155 | The Effect Of Cooling On Particle Trajectories And Acceleration In Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection | The maximum synchrotron burnoff limit of 160 MeV represents a fundamental limit to radiation resulting from electromagnetic particle acceleration in one-zone ideal plasmas. In magnetic reconnection, however, particle acceleration and radiation are decoupled because the electric field is larger than the magnetic field in the diffusion region. We carry out two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to determine the extent to which magnetic reconnection can produce synchrotron radiation above the burnoff limit. We use the test particle comparison (TPC) method to isolate the effects of cooling by comparing the trajectories and acceleration efficiencies of test particles incident on such a reconnection region with and without cooling them. We find that the cooled and uncooled particle trajectories are typically similar during acceleration in the reconnection region, and derive an effective limit on particle acceleration that is inversely proportional to the average magnetic field experienced by the particle during acceleration. Using the calculated distribution of this average magnetic field as a function of uncooled final particle energy, we find analytically that cooling does not affect power-law particle energy spectra except at energies far above the synchrotron burnoff limit. Finally, we compare fully cooled and uncooled simulations of reconnection, confirming that the synchrotron burnoff limit does not produce a cutoff in the particle energy spectrum. Our results indicate that the TPC method accurately predicts the effects of cooling on particle acceleration in relativistic reconnection, and that even far above the burnoff limit, the synchrotron energy of radiation produced in reconnection is not limited by cooling. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
694707 | Genome sequences from extinct hominins | Neandertals and Denisovans, an Asian group distantly related to Neandertals, are the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans. They are thus of direct relevance for understanding the origin of modern humans and how modern humans differ from their closest relatives. We will generate genome-wide data from a large number of Neandertal and Denisovan individuals from across their geographical and temporal range as well as from other extinct hominin groups which we may discover. This will be possible by automating highly sensitive approaches to ancient DNA extraction and DNA libraries construction that we have developed so that they can be applied to many specimens from many sites in order to identify those that contain retrievable DNA. Whenever possible we will sequence whole genomes and in other cases use DNA capture methods to generate high-quality data from representative parts of the genome. This will allow us to study the population history of Neandertals and Denisovans, elucidate how many times and where these extinct hominins contributed genes to present-day people, and the extent to which modern humans and archaic groups contributed genetically to Neandertals and Denisovans. By retrieving DNA from specimens that go back to the Middle Pleistocene we will furthermore shed light on the early history and origins of Neandertals and Denisovans. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
W2963647274 | Influence of integrated nutrient management practices on scented rice (Oryza sativa L.) pertaining to eastern Uttar Pradesh | A Field experiment was conducted to investigate the Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Scented Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Pertaining to Eastern Uttar Pradesh at Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), during Kharif season of 2015-16. The experiment with seven treatments of integrated nutrient managements viz., T1: 50% recommended NPK + 50% N as FYM + 5 kg Zinc ha-1, T2: Recommended N each equivalent to 1/3rd of total N as FYM, vermicompost and neem cake, T3: 100% N as FYM + 5 kg Zn ha-1, T4: T2 + hand weeding + Neem based biopesticide, T5: 50% N as FYM + seedling treatment with Azotobactor and PSB, T6: T2 + seedling treatment with Azotobactor and PSB and T7: 100% NPK + 5 kg Zn ha-1, each treatment was replicated thrice in completely randomized block design. The results revealed that, T1 which was found at par with T3 and T7 while significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Yield attributes, grain yield (36.60 q ha-1) and straw yield (52.80 q ha-1) were found maximum under T1 which was at par with T3 and T7, significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The maximum gross return (` 108300.00 ha-1), net return (`71155.00 ha-1) and B: C (1.86) was recorded from the integrated (Fertilizer + FYM) treatment i.e. T1 for basmati rice. The minimum gross return (` 81600 ha-1) was recorded in the treatment received 100% nutrients through organic manures (50% N as FYM + Azotobacter + PSB) while the minimum net return (`31364 ha-1) and B: C ratio (0.61) in basmati rice were recorded in the treatment received 100% nutrients through organic manures. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/C9MH01485C | When Nanocellulose Meets Diffraction Grating Freestanding Photonic Paper With Programmable Optical Coupling | Photonic crystals based on plasmonic or dielectric periodic structures have attracted considerable interest owing to their capabilities to control light-matter interactions with tailored precision. By using a nanocellulose derived chiral liquid crystal as a building block, here we demonstrate a bio-inspired dual photonic structure that contains the combination of microscopic periodic 1D surface grating and nanoscopic helical organization, giving rise to programmable colour mixing and polarization rotation. We show that a variation in the photonic band-gap in the bulk matrix leads to simultaneous control over the reflection and diffraction of light with controllable iridescence. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1111/tra.12505 | An automated quantitative image analysis tool for the identification of microtubule patterns in plants | High throughput confocal imaging poses challenges in the computational image analysis of complex subcellular structures such as the microtubule cytoskeleton. Here, we developed CellArchitect, an automated image analysis tool that quantifies changes to subcellular patterns illustrated by microtubule markers in plants. We screened microtubule-targeted herbicides and demonstrate that high throughput confocal imaging with integrated image analysis by CellArchitect can distinguish effects induced by the known herbicides indaziflam and trifluralin. The same platform was used to examine 6 other compounds with herbicidal activity, and at least 3 different effects induced by these compounds were profiled. We further show that CellArchitect can detect subcellular patterns tagged by actin and endoplasmic reticulum markers. Thus, the platform developed here can be used to automate image analysis of complex subcellular patterns for purposes such as herbicide discovery and mode of action characterisation. The capacity to use this tool to quantitatively characterize cellular responses lends itself to application across many areas of biology. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1038/nature07813 | AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD + metabolism and SIRT1 activity | AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic fuel gauge conserved along the evolutionary scale in eukaryotes that senses changes in the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio. Recent evidence indicated an important role for AMPK in the therapeutic benefits of metformin, thiazolidinediones and exercise, which form the cornerstones of the clinical management of type 2 diabetes and associated metabolic disorders. In general, activation of AMPK acts to maintain cellular energy stores, switching on catabolic pathways that produce ATP, mostly by enhancing oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, while switching off anabolic pathways that consume ATP. This regulation can take place acutely, through the regulation of fast post-translational events, but also by transcriptionally reprogramming the cell to meet energetic needs. Here we demonstrate that AMPK controls the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism in mouse skeletal muscle by acting in coordination with another metabolic sensor, the NAD + -dependent type III deacetylase SIRT1. AMPK enhances SIRT1 activity by increasing cellular NAD + levels, resulting in the deacetylation and modulation of the activity of downstream SIRT1 targets that include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α and the forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and O3 (FOXO3a) transcription factors. The AMPK-induced SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of these targets explains many of the convergent biological effects of AMPK and SIRT1 on energy metabolism. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1126/science.aar7186 | The threshold for conscious report: Signal loss and response bias in visual and frontal cortex | Why are some visual stimuli consciously detected, whereas others remain subliminal? We investigated the fate of weak visual stimuli in the visual and frontal cortex of awake monkeys trained to report stimulus presence. Reported stimuli were associated with strong sustained activity in the frontal cortex, and frontal activity was weaker and quickly decayed for unreported stimuli. Information about weak stimuli could be lost at successive stages en route from the visual to the frontal cortex, and these propagation failures were confirmed through microstimulation of area V1. Fluctuations in response bias and sensitivity during perception of identical stimuli were traced back to prestimulus brain-state markers. A model in which stimuli become consciously reportable when they elicit a nonlinear ignition process in higher cortical areas explained our results. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0138.1 | Mswep V2 Global 3 Hourly 0 1 Precipitation Methodology And Quantitative Assessment | AbstractWe present Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation, version 2 (MSWEP V2), a gridded precipitation P dataset spanning 1979–2017. MSWEP V2 is unique in several aspects: i) full global co. . . | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 202318545996 A | STACKED MICROELECTRONIC PACKAGES INCLUDING INTERPOSER STRUCTURES AND RELATED METHODS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS | A microelectronic device package includes a microelectronic device coupled to a substrate. The microelectronic device package further includes a stack of semiconductor dies positioned over the microelectronic device. The microelectronic device package also includes an interposer positioned between the microelectronic device and the stack of semiconductor dies. The interposer includes a conductive structure electrically connecting the microelectronic device and a ground circuit of the substrate. The interposer further includes an insulative structure positioned between the conductive structure and the stack of semiconductor dies. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1177/0271678X17709185 | The Improve Guidelines Ischaemia Models Procedural Refinements Of In Vivo Experiments | Most in vivo models of ischaemic stroke target the middle cerebral artery and a spectrum of stroke severities, from mild to substantial, can be achieved. This review describes opportunities to improve the in vivo modelling of ischaemic stroke and animal welfare. It provides a number of recommendations to minimise the level of severity in the most common rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion, while sustaining or improving the scientific outcomes. The recommendations cover basic requirements pre-surgery, selecting the most appropriate anaesthetic and analgesic regimen, as well as intraoperative and post-operative care. The aim is to provide support for researchers and animal care staff to refine their procedures and practices, and implement small incremental changes to improve the welfare of the animals used and to answer the scientific question under investigation. All recommendations are recapitulated in a summary poster (see supplementary information). | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
DE 2022196 A | Spinning machine rubber coated feed roller with cleaning - and roughening scraper blade | Rubber coated feed roller in spinning machines has its surface cleaned of adherent foreign matter, its surface roughened to produce the required frictional characteristic and if required, any electrostatic charges discharge from its surface, by providing the roller with a scraper blade whose tip is spring biased into contact with the contra-rotating surface of the roller. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.3109/03008207.2015.1047929 | Remodeling of extracellular matrix due to solid stress accumulation during tumor growth | Solid stresses emerge as the expanding tumor displaces and deforms the surrounding normal tissue, and also as a result of intratumoral component interplay. Among other things, solid stresses are known to induce extensive extracellular matrix synthesis and reorganization. In this study, we developed a mathematical model of tumor growth that distinguishes the contribution to stress generation by collagenous and non-collagenous tumor structural components, and also investigates collagen fiber remodeling exclusively due to solid stress. To this end, we initially conducted in vivo experiments using an orthotopic mouse model for breast cancer to monitor primary tumor growth and derive the mechanical properties of the tumor. Subsequently, we fitted the mathematical model to experimental data to determine values of the model parameters. According to the model, intratumoral solid stress is compressive, whereas extratumoral stress in the tumor vicinity is compressive in the radial direction and tensile in the periphery. Furthermore, collagen fibers engaged in stress generation only in the peritumoral region, and not in the interior where they were slackened due to the compressive stress state. Peritumoral fibers were driven away from the radial direction, tended to realign tangent to the tumor-host interface, and were also significantly stretched by tensile circumferential stresses. By means of this remodeling, the model predicts that the tumor is enveloped by a progressively thickening capsule of collagen fibers. This prediction is consistent with long-standing observations of tumor encapsulation and histologic sections that we performed, and it further corroborates the expansive growth hypothesis for the capsule formation. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevA.91.051602 | Generalized Gibbs ensembles for quantum field theories | We consider the nonequilibrium dynamics in quantum field theories (QFTs). After being prepared in a density matrix that is not an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian, such systems are expected to relax locally to a stationary state. In the presence of local conservation laws, these stationary states are believed to be described by appropriate generalized Gibbs ensembles. Here we demonstrate that in order to obtain a correct description of the stationary state, it is necessary to take into account conservation laws that are not (ultra)local in the usual sense of QFTs, but fulfill a significantly weaker form of locality. We discuss the implications of our results for integrable QFTs in one spatial dimension. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.23.022149 | Computer Generated Holograms By Multiple Wavefront Recording Plane Method With Occlusion Culling | We propose a novel fast method for full parallax computer-generated holograms with occlusion processing, suitable for volumetric data such as point clouds. A novel light wave propagation strategy relying on the sequential use of the wavefront recording plane method is proposed, which employs look-up tables in order to reduce the computational complexity in the calculation of the fields. Also, a novel technique for occlusion culling with little additional computation cost is introduced. Additionally, the method adheres a Gaussian distribution to the individual points in order to improve visual quality. Performance tests show that for a full-parallax high-definition CGH a speedup factor of more than 2,500 compared to the ray-tracing method can be achieved without hardware acceleration. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2060411913 | The gravity model, African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and US trade relations with sub-Saharan Africa | The United States of America enacted the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2000 to grant sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) a preferential treatment in their exports to the USA. With this Act, most of the exports from SSA can now enter the USA duty-free, and this is expected to boost the exporting and manufacturing sectors in SSA. Hopefully, this singular act of assistance from the USA will spur entrepreneurship in SSA, thereby creating jobs and jump starting meaningful economic growth in the region. Since trade is a major catalyst in economic development, AGOA is arguably the most meaningful intervention from a developed country to an under-developed region such as SSA in recent times. Has AGOA had any impact on US trade with SSA? This paper sheds some light on this issue by examining the flow and composition of trade between the USA and AGOA countries. The analysis uses trade data (US imports) for 36 countries over 12 years. Empirical estimations based on the gravity model show that receivin... | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W2789672194 | U-Pb geochronology and coupled Hf-Nd-Sr isotopic-chemical constraints of the Cassiterita Orthogneiss (2.47–2.41-Ga) in the Mineiro belt, São Francisco craton: Geodynamic fingerprints beyond the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Transition | Abstract The Cassiterita Orthogneiss is the oldest pluton so far found within the Mineiro belt. In situ zircon U-Pb ages constrain the crystallization of the Cassiterita Orthogneiss to between 2472 ± 11 and 2414 ± 29 Ma. Zircon overgrowths are dated at 2024 ± 54 Ma, which matches the timing of the regional metamorphic overprint in the main belt. One metatonalite dike yields a zircon U-Pb age of 2156 ± 17 Ma, while a single inherited core is concordant at 2426 ± 17 Ma. The studied rocks exhibit low to medium grade metamorphism, and show tonalitic and granodioritic composition akin to TTG suites (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite). The trace element patterns suggest that partial melting and fractional crystallization operated in the genesis. The La/Yb N , Yb N , Sr/Y, Nb/Ta and Zr/Sm values point to a garnet amphibolite residue. The positive e Nd(t) (+5.2 to +1.3) and low 87 Sr/ 86 Sr i (0.700–0.702) isotopic signatures suggest a LREE- and/or LILE LILE-enriched MORB mantle source. The zircon e Hf(t) parameters (-8.0 to +2.9) of the studied samples indicate some crustal assimilation during magma genesis. The chemical and isotopic signatures of the Cassiterita Orthogneiss are similar to nearby (ca. 2.35 Ga) TTG plutons, interpreted as cogenetic. This peculiar plutonism (from 2.47 to 2.35 Ga) marks the earliest stage of a long-lived accretionary regime (2.47–2.00 Ga) that built the Mineiro belt. This earliest orogenic event is roughly coeval with the (chemical) sedimentary infill of the passive basin (Minas Supergroup), previously dated at ca. 2.42 Ga. The age matches suggest a geodynamic link between the oceanic arc magmatism and penecontemporaneous basin infill in the continental margin. Early Paleoproterozoic TTG plutons such as the Cassiterita Orthogneiss have been related to the earliest accretionary processes that developed away from continental margins, where roughly coeval dike swarms and A-type plutons are emplaced along with the onset of passive basins. We explore the potential association and temporal interplay between convergent and intraplate settings and other major changes beyond the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Transition. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/stt1245 | Galactic accretion and the outer structure of galaxies in the CDM model | We have combined the semi-analytic galaxy formation model of Guo et al. with the particletagging technique of Cooper et al. to predict galaxy surface brightness profiles in a representative sample of ~1900 massive dark matter haloes (1012-1014M⊙) from the Millennium II λ cold dark matter N-body simulation. Here, we present our method and basic results focusing on the outer regions of galaxies, consisting of stars accreted in mergers. These simulations cover scales from the stellar haloes of MilkyWay-like galaxies to the 'cD envelopes' of groups and clusters, and resolve low surface brightness substructure such as tidal streams. We find that the surface density of accreted stellar mass around the central galaxies of dark matter haloes is well described by a Sèrsic profile, the radial scale and amplitude of which vary systematically with halo mass (M200). The total stellar mass surface density profile breaks at the radius where accreted stars start to dominate over stars formed in the galaxy itself. This break disappears with increasing M200 because accreted stars contribute more of the total mass of galaxies, and is less distinct when the same galaxies are averaged in bins of stellar mass, because of scatter in the relation between M* and M200. To test our model, we have derived average stellar mass surface density profiles for massive galaxies at z ≈ 0. 08 by stacking Sloan Digital Sky Survey images. Our model agrees well with these stacked profiles and with other data from the literature and makes predictions that can be more rigorously tested by future surveys that extend the analysis of the outer structure of galaxies to fainter isophotes. We conclude that it is likely that the outer structure of the spheroidal components of galaxies is largely determined by collisionless merging during their hierarchical assembly. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001243 | Sequential analysis of trans-SNARE formation in intracellular membrane fusion | SNARE complexes are required for membrane fusion in the endomembrane system. They contain coiled-coil bundles of four helices, three (Q a, Q b, and Q c) from target (t)-SNAREs and one (R) from the vesicular (v)-SNARE. NSF/Sec18 disrupts these cis-SNARE complexes, allowing reassembly of their subunits into trans-SNARE complexes and subsequent fusion. Studying these reactions in native yeast vacuoles, we found that NSF/Sec18 activates the vacuolar cis-SNARE complex by selectively displacing the vacuolar Q a SNARE, leaving behind a Q bcR subcomplex. This subcomplex serves as an acceptor for a Q a SNARE from the opposite membrane, leading to Q a-Q bcR trans-complexes. Activity tests of vacuoles with diagnostic distributions of inactivating mutations over the two fusion partners confirm that this distribution accounts for a major share of the fusion activity. The persistence of the Q bcR cis-complex and the formation of the Q a-Q bcR trans-complex are both sensitive to the Rab-GTPase inhibitor, GDI, and to mutations in the vacuolar tether complex, HOPS (HOmotypic fusion and vacuolar Protein Sorting complex). This suggests that the vacuolar Rab-GTPase, Ypt7, and HOPS restrict cis-SNARE disassembly and thereby bias trans-SNARE assembly into a preferred topology. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
852873 | Molecular physiology of nerve terminal bioenergetics | Synaptic transmission is an extremely energetically-demanding process that consumes 75% of the energy required for brain function. However, it remains poorly understood how synapses guarantee the necessary ATP levels required for neurotransmission. While our understanding of the metabolic pathways for ATP production is vastly detailed, very little is known about the actual molecular implementation of these pathways in neurons for sustaining synaptic bioenergetics. I hypothesize that tightly-regulated control mechanisms exist presynaptically to ensure the molecular activation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) on demand, optimally coupling local ATP synthesis to consumption thereby maintaining synaptic metabolic integrity and safeguarding presynaptic function. Here I propose to develop a comprehensive molecular understanding of the mechanisms controlling these pathways in firing synapses. I will use cutting-edge optophysiology tools that I and others have developed to study neuronal bioenergetics together with novel proteomic approaches to identify key molecules involved in controlling presynaptic OxPhos and glycolysis. First, I will dissect the fundamental mechanisms controlling Ca2+-mediated activation of OxPhos in presynaptic mitochondria during synaptic activity. To further elucidate the presynaptic choreography of molecular mechanisms enhancing glycolysis rates on demand, I will dissect the mechanistic control of the presynaptic glucose carrier GLUT4 and establish the role of glycolytic metabolons in accelerating glycolysis during synaptic activity. By generating for the first time a comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms actively maintaining presynaptic metabolic integrity, this study will provide a framework for future studies into the molecular basis of brain disease states associated with dysfunctional metabolism, such as mitochondriopathies, vascular dementias or glucose metabolism diseases. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1986272486 | The Northern Rambler: Recreational Walking and the Popular Politics of Industrial England, from Peterloo to the 1930s | This article analyses the nature and development of a grassroots popular culture of countryside appreciation, based on rural walking and access to unenclosed land, in northern England, covering the period between the emergence of footpath preservation societies in the 1820s and the controversies over access to Kinder Scout in the1930s. It has particular reference to Lancashire and the ‘Dark Peak’ in north Derbyshire, where activities of this sort were particularly widespread, especially on the upland moors. It examines the relationships between rural walking, enjoyment of open spaces and the freedom of the ‘open air’, popular science, political meetings and traditions, and campaigns to safeguard and extend access to uncultivated land. These themes are set in the context of the Lancashire ‘cotton towns’, especially but not exclusively, as the ‘first industrial society’ and the birthplace of modern commercial leisure, and the article pulls together evidence from a variety of primary and secondary sources to... | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.017 | Changes in white matter microstructure in the developing brain-A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of children from 4 to 11years of age | The purpose of the present study was to detail the childhood developmental course of different white matter (WM) characteristics. In a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study of 159 healthy children between 4 and 11 years scanned twice, we used tract-based spatial statistics as well as delineation of 15 major WM tracts to characterize the regional pattern of change in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), radial (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD). We tested whether there were decelerations of change with increasing age globally and tract-wise, and also illustrated change along medial-to-lateral, posterior-to-anterior and inferior-to-superior gradients. We found a significant linear increase in global FA, and decrease in MD and RD over time. For mean AD, a weak decrease was observed. The developmental changes in specific WM tracts showed regional differences. Eight WM tracts showed non-linear development patterns for one or several DTI metrics, with a deceleration in change with age. Sex did not affect change in any DTI metric. Overall, greater rate of change was found in the left hemisphere. Spatially, there was a posterior-to-anterior gradient of change with greater change in frontal regions for all metrics. The current study provides a comprehensive characterization of the regional patters of change in WM microstructure across pre-adolescence childhood. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1038/nphoton.2014.225 | Ultrafast multi-terahertz nano-spectroscopy with sub-cycle temporal resolution | Phase-locked ultrashort pulses in the rich terahertz spectral range have provided key insights into phenomena as diverse as quantum confinement, first-order phase transitions, high-temperature superconductivity and carrier transport in nanomaterials. Ultrabroadband electro-optic sampling of few-cycle field transients can even reveal novel dynamics that occur faster than a single oscillation cycle of light. However, conventional terahertz spectroscopy is intrinsically restricted to ensemble measurements by the diffraction limit. As a result, it measures dielectric functions averaged over the size, structure, orientation and density of nanoparticles, nanocrystals or nanodomains. Here, we extend ultrabroadband time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy to the sub-nanoparticle scale (10 nm) by combining sub-cycle, field-resolved detection (10 fs) with scattering-type near-field scanning optical microscopy (s-NSOM). We trace the time-dependent dielectric function at the surface of a single photoexcited InAs nanowire in all three spatial dimensions and reveal the ultrafast (<50 fs) formation of a local carrier depletion layer. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1966154853 | A Simple Aesthetic Approach for Correction of Frontal Sinus Fracture | Frontal sinus fracture management remains controversial and involves preserving function whenever possible or obliterating the sinus and duct as required by the fracture pattern. The purpose of this study was to introduce the simple and effective method in the surgical treatment of the anterior wall of frontal sinus fractures.All 11 patients who presented with anterior wall fractures of the frontal sinus between 2009 and 2013 were included in this study. Two 7-mm stab incisions were made on each side of the fracture, a titanium screw with an attached wire was fixed to the fractured fragment, and an elevator was used to apply force in the opposite vector. One titanium screw was also fixed to the firm normal frontal bone, and the reduction was conducted by observing the C-arm until the fractured fragment reached the height of the normal side.No patients showed any recurrent displacement or infection during the follow-up period, nor did any patient complain of or demonstrate forehead paresthesia. The surgical scar was less than 3 cm in all 11 patients, and all of them reported satisfaction with the results.We obtained the results of an open reduction while using a less invasive method in the surgical treatment of the anterior wall of frontal sinus fractures. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
786304 | Fiber Optic Cable Use for Seafloor studies of earthquake hazard and deformation | Two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by water and thus largely inaccessible to modern networks of seismological instruments. The FOCUS project is poised to revolutionize seismic monitoring of the seafloor through a novel use of fiber optic cables to improve hazard assessment and increase early warning capability. Laser reflectometry using BOTDR, commonly used for structural health monitoring of large-scale engineering structures (e.g. - bridges, dams, pipelines, etc.), can measure very small strains (< 1 mm) at very large distances (10 - 200 km). It has never been used to monitor deformation caused by active faults on the seafloor. The objective of the FOCUS project is to demonstrate that this technique can measure small (1 - 2 cm) displacements on a primary test site offshore Sicily where the 28 km long EMSO Catania cable crosses the recently mapped North Alfeo Fault. BOTDR observations must be calibrated by other independent measurements. Therefore, targeted marine geophysical surveys of the seafloor along the trace of the cable and faults are planned, with micro-bathymetry, high-resolution seismics, seafloor seismic stations and use of seafloor geodetic instruments to quantify fault displacement. Once the BOTDR fault-monitoring technique has been tested and calibrated offshore Sicily, the goal is to expand it to other fiber optic cable networks, either existing research networks in earthquake hazard zones (Japan, Cascadia) or to the Mediterranean region through access to retired telecommunication cables, or through the development of dual-use cables with industry partners, (two of the anticipated outcomes of the FOCUS project). The novel secondary use of fiber optic cables as described by FOCUS represents a potentially tremendous breakthrough in seismology, tectonics and natural hazard early warning capability, one that could turn Earth’s future undersea communication infrastructure into a seismological monitoring network of unprecedented scale. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.017 | In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship | Puppy packs (consisting of only puppies) and mixed-age packs (composed of puppies and adults) were observed to test whether social play can be used for assessing and establishing social relations in wolves, Canis lupus. Differently from previous studies, we looked at play behaviours in detail, allowing us to categorize play interactions as either competitive or relaxed, and predicted that different types of play would be associated with different relationships between individuals. We found that the more time dyads spent in relaxed play, the more affiliative interactions they exchanged outside of play. In the mixed-age packs, dyads that spent more time in both relaxed and competitive play showed fewer exchanges of aggressive behaviours. Conversely, in puppy packs, the more time dyads spent in competitive play, the more aggressive interactions were exchanged outside of play. Since clear dominance relationships emerged in the mixed-age packs, but not in puppy packs, we suggest that play can help to reduce the frequency of aggressive interactions only when a clear hierarchy exists between pack members. Furthermore, we found that in both puppy and mixed-age packs, dominance relationships were reflected and rarely reversed during play. Finally, dyads with a less clear dominance relationship spent more time playing in a competitive way. Overall, our results support the social assessment hypothesis suggesting that social relationships outside of play are reflected during playful interactions. Moreover, we revealed how different types of play, that is, playing in a competitive or relaxed way, may be related to different social relationships. This distinction between play types has not been acknowledged before but could help researchers better understand the functions of play in different species. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1974576839 | A novel on-axis self-calibration approach for precision rotary metrology stages | Precision rotary metrology stages need calibration technology to determine the stage error for improvement of angle measurement accuracy. In this paper, we study the calibration of precision rotary metrology stages, and present an on-axis angle self-calibration approach different from previous perspectives. Without resorting to specially designed angle comparators or added read-heads, the proposed scheme fully utilizes different measurement views of a newly designed artifact plate on the uncalibrated rotary stage. The measurement deviation of each mark line from its nominal angle position, is rigidly modeled as the combination of stage error, artifact error, misalignment error and random measurement noise. Based on the circle closure principle and mathematical definition of the axis orientation, the misalignment error of each measurement view can be directly determined by rigid algebraic processing. A least-square based calculation law is finally synthesized to determine the stage error. Computer simulation validates that the proposed method can realize the stage error accurately even there exist various random measurement noises. Finally, a practical description on how to measure the angular marks of different measurement views is provided. The proposed strategy essentially provides a novel on-axis angle self-calibration principle with accuracy, simplicity and robustness orientation to meet industrial requirements. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP02(2012)097 | Electrified Branes | A geometrical form of the supersymmetry conditions for D-branes on arbitrary type II supersymmetric backgrounds is derived, as well as the associated BPS bounds. The treatment is general and allows to consider, for instance, non-static configurations or D-branes supporting a non-vanishing electric flux, hence completing previous partial results. In particular, our discussion clarifies how the notion of calibration can be extended in order to be applicable to the most general supersymmetric configurations. As an exemplifying preliminary step, the procedure followed is first applied to fundamental strings. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1145/3038912.3052565 | Why Do Cascade Sizes Follow A Power Law | We introduce random directed acyclic graph and use it to model the information diffusion network. Subsequently, we analyze the cascade generation model (CGM) introduced by Leskovec et al. [19]. Until now only empirical studies of this model were done. In this paper, we present the first theoretical proof that the sizes of cascades generated by the CGM follow the power-law distribution, which is consistent with multiple empirical analysis of the large social networks. We compared the assumptions of our model with the Twitter social network and tested the goodness of approximation. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1145/3308558.3313486 | Predicting Conceptnet Path Quality Using Crowdsourced Assessments Of Naturalness | In many applications, it is important to characterize the way in which two concepts are semantically related. Knowledge graphs such as ConceptNet provide a rich source of information for such characterizations by encoding relations between concepts as edges in a graph. When two concepts are not directly connected by an edge, their relationship can still be described in terms of the paths that connect them. Unfortunately, many of these paths are uninformative and noisy, which means that the success of applications that use such path features crucially relies on their ability to select high-quality paths. In existing applications, this path selection process is based on relatively simple heuristics. In this paper we instead propose to learn to predict path quality from crowdsourced human assessments. Since we are interested in a generic task-independent notion of quality, we simply ask human participants to rank paths according to their subjective assessment of the paths' naturalness, without attempting to define naturalness or steering the participants towards particular indicators of quality. We show that a neural network model trained on these assessments is able to predict human judgments on unseen paths with near optimal performance. Most notably, we find that the resulting path selection method is substantially better than the current heuristic approaches at identifying meaningful paths. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1973020164 | Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment between the Hotel Staff in Tehran, Iran | The aim of this paper is to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of the hotel staff in 5-Star hotels of Tehran, Iran. The research enjoys an applied, descriptive, survey-based, and correlational framework. The population of the study was comprised of 423 employees (N =423) of public 5- star hotels in Tehran including Esteghlal, Laleh, and Homa. The sample was randomly selected based on Kerjesi- Morgan table and included 142 (n=142) individuals. The data gathering instruments were two standard questionnaires measuring emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. To analyze the data, Pierson correlation, ANOVA, and Qi-square were employed and results revealed that there was a significant relationship between the two main variables of the study, namely; emotional intelligence and organizational commitment and some of the components of these variables. This signifies the necessity of attracting and employing highly emotionally intelligent individuals, training them in different levels and leading them towards the application of the skills required. Paving the ground for the development and continuation of emotional intelligence within managers and the staff of the hotels and residential centers are also inevitable factors to be followed. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP03(2017)046 | Ubiquity Of Non Geometry In Heterotic Compactifications | We study the effect of quantum corrections on heterotic compactifications on elliptic fibrations away from the stable degeneration limit, elaborating on a recent observation by Malmendier and Morrison. We show that already for the simplest non-trivial elliptic fibration the effect is quite dramatic: the $I_1$ degeneration with trivial gauge background dynamically splits into two T-fects with monodromy around each T-fect being (conjugate to) T-duality along one of the legs of the $T^2$. This implies that almost every elliptic heterotic compactification becomes a non-geometric T-fold away from the stable degeneration limit. We also point out a subtlety due to this non-geometric splitting at finite fiber size. It arises when determining, via heterotic/F-theory duality, the SCFTs associated to a small number of pointlike instantons probing heterotic ADE singularities. Along the way we resolve various puzzles in the literature. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/cdd.2015.39 | Synaptic dysfunction, memory deficits and hippocampal atrophy due to ablation of mitochondrial fission in adult forebrain neurons | Well-balanced mitochondrial fission and fusion processes are essential for nervous system development. Loss of function of the main mitochondrial fission mediator, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is lethal early during embryonic development or around birth, but the role of mitochondrial fission in adult neurons remains unclear. Here we show that inducible Drp1 ablation in neurons of the adult mouse forebrain results in progressive, neuronal subtype-specific alterations of mitochondrial morphology in the hippocampus that are marginally responsive to antioxidant treatment. Furthermore, DRP1 loss affects synaptic transmission and memory function. Although these changes culminate in hippocampal atrophy, they are not sufficient to cause neuronal cell death within 10 weeks of genetic Drp1 ablation. Collectively, our in vivo observations clarify the role of mitochondrial fission in neurons, demonstrating that Drp1 ablation in adult forebrain neurons compromises critical neuronal functions without causing overt neurodegeneration. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
340975 | Quantum Metamaterials in the Ultra Strong Coupling regime | Due to their mixed photon-electronic excitation character, cavity polaritons have highly interesting properties. Especially interesting is the so-called ultrastrong coupling regime, reached when the strength of the photon-two-level system coupling is larger than the energy of the resonant state. We have recently demonstrated that terahertz metamaterials coupled to high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases is an almost ideal, field-tunable system that enables the exploration of this ultra-strong coupling regime.
In this project, we want to explore four key physical questions opened by this new approach. First we plan to explore the limit of ultra-strong coupling in our systems, including the emission of Casimir-like squeezed vacuum photons upon non-adiabatic change in the coupling energy and parametric generation of light. Secondly we would like to test a theoretical prediction anticipating, in the ultra-strong coupling regime, a quantum phase transition to a Dicke superradiant state upon substitution of the GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas by a graphene layer or multilayers. Thirdly, we claim that our metamaterial-based system also enables the study of coupled polaritons by either direct meta-atom electromagnetic coupling or using a waveguide bus and superconducting circuits. Finally, we want to explore polaritonic emitters and non-linear elements. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1209/0295-5075/110/27001 | Long Lived Spin Coherence Of Indirect Excitons In Gaas Coupled Quantum Wells | We study spatially indirect excitons confined in a symmetric GaAs double quantum well. We show that the spin polarisation of very dilute gases can be optically imprinted, in both pure and superposition states. In the regime where indirect excitons can be localized, we observe at 350 mK that the excitons spin degree of freedom is frozen with a relaxation time comparable to the coherence time and to the radiative lifetime . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
interreg_1366 | Valorization of Traditional Food Products for Competiveness and Innovation of Italian and Greek SMEs | The overall objective is to strengthen the competitiveness of SMEs through innovation transfer for the valorization and the recovery of typical and traditional products (fruit
and vegetables, food grain, oil and legumes) within Mediterranean sustainable diets.
Sub-objectives are:
• identification of agro-food biodiversity and traditional food within Mediterranean Sustainable Diets (WP3). Involved territories have high number of traditional food products with healthy and organoleptic properties that should be better analysed and promoted.
• identification and innovation transfer in typical, traditional and local agro-food chain (WP4). Innovative technologies can improve the quantity or the quality of food products bringing out or preserve their healthy characteristics during the primary production or the industrial process. It can make local SMEs more competitive.
• valorization of traditional food products within Mediterranean Sustainable Diets (WP 5). traditional food products and their nutritional, nutraceutical and organoleptic characteristics will be valorized through a virtual mall and a Customer Relationship Management.
• improving connections between SMEs producing traditional food products and tourism (WP6). Traditional food products are strictly linked with natural resources and cultural heritage of involved territories; these factors can be valorized by strengthening the tourism chain from farm to hospitality sector.
• strategies and politics establishment to valorize Italian and Greek territorial marks on traditional food within Mediterranean Sustainable Diets (WP 5). This objective aims at identifying actions and measures that should be developed within European Programme 2014-20.
| [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1016/j.socec.2013.05.014 | Cultural investment, local development and instantaneous social capital: A case study of a gathering festival in the South of Italy | In this paper we show how the investment in cultural events may encourage the building of social capital and foster the development of local communities. We rely on a case study we conducted on the socio-economic impact of "La Notte della Taranta" Festival, one of the most important European festivals dedicated to traditional music (about 170,000 participants per year), on the sub-region of southern Italy where it is held. Our evidence is based on a large survey, consisting of nearly 10,000 interviews to Festival attendees over a span of five editions (2007-2011). A primary result is that the initial economic investment in the Festival has brought a short-term return in terms of touristic attraction worth more than two times as much. More importantly, our results indicate that a cultural festival, despite being a mass gathering, is able to create strong bonds among its participants and between them and the area where the event takes place. Although these bonds are "instantaneous", i. e. temporally restricted to the duration of the event, they are positively correlated with the economic impact of the event on the territory. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
339109 | Applying Fundamental Mathematics in Discrete Mathematics, Optimization, and Algorithmics | This proposal aims at strengthening the connections between more fundamentally oriented areas of mathematics like algebra, geometry, analysis, and topology, and the more applied oriented and more recently emerging disciplines of discrete mathematics, optimization, and algorithmics.
The overall goal of the project is to obtain, with methods from fundamental mathematics, new effective tools to unravel the complexity of structures like graphs, networks, codes, knots, polynomials, and tensors, and to get a grip on such complex structures by new efficient characterizations, sharper bounds, and faster algorithms.
In the last few years, there have been several new developments where methods from representation theory, invariant theory, algebraic geometry, measure theory, functional analysis, and topology found new applications in discrete mathematics and optimization, both theoretically and algorithmically. Among the typical application areas are networks, coding, routing, timetabling, statistical and quantum physics, and computer science.
The project focuses in particular on:
A. Understanding partition functions with invariant theory and algebraic geometry
B. Graph limits, regularity, Hilbert spaces, and low rank approximation of polynomials
C. Reducing complexity in optimization by exploiting symmetry with representation theory
D. Reducing complexity in discrete optimization by homotopy and cohomology
These research modules are interconnected by themes like symmetry, regularity, and complexity, and by common methods from algebra, analysis, geometry, and topology. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.tree.2017.12.007 | Energy Flux: The Link between Multitrophic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning | Relating biodiversity to ecosystem functioning in natural communities has become a paramount challenge as links between trophic complexity and multiple ecosystem functions become increasingly apparent. Yet, there is still no generalised approach to address such complexity in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) studies. Energy flux dynamics in ecological networks provide the theoretical underpinning of multitrophic BEF relationships. Accordingly, we propose the quantification of energy fluxes in food webs as a powerful, universal tool for understanding ecosystem functioning in multitrophic systems spanning different ecological scales. Although the concept of energy flux in food webs is not novel, its application to BEF research remains virtually untapped, providing a framework to foster new discoveries into the determinants of ecosystem functioning in complex systems. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1038/s41593-019-0525-x | Stem-cell-derived human microglia transplanted in mouse brain to study human disease | Although genetics highlights the role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease, one-third of putative Alzheimer’s disease risk genes lack adequate mouse orthologs. Here we successfully engraft human microglia derived from embryonic stem cells in the mouse brain. The cells recapitulate transcriptionally human primary microglia ex vivo and show expression of human-specific Alzheimer’s disease risk genes. Oligomeric amyloid-β induces a divergent response in human versus mouse microglia. This model can be used to study the role of microglia in neurological diseases. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W1978867436 | Work function evolution of graphene oxide by utilizing hydrothermal treatment | In this paper, hydrothermal treatment is applied for graphene oxide (GO) reduction. Tunable work function of hydrothermal treated GO (HTGO) is facilitated by controlling hydrothermal temperature and duration time, in comparison, CVD grew graphene (CVD-G) are also prepared. Work function of GO is tuned in the range of 5.72 eV to 4.43 eV. Progressing descend of peak intensity at higher binding energy region for which belonging to oxygen-containing functional group (c.a. 286 eV to 290 eV) in C1s XPS spectra indicated controllable reduction of hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra, indicates the increased sp2 to sp3 ratio in accordance with the raise of hydrothermal temperature, consistent with the increased conductivity with increment amount of sp2 species in HTGOs. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.06.011 | Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins: Multiplexing and Optogenetics across Scales | Since mammalian tissue is relatively transparent to near-infrared (NIR) light, NIR fluorescent proteins (FPs) engineered from bacterial phytochromes have become widely used probes for non-invasive in vivo imaging. Recently, these genetically encoded NIR probes have been substantially improved, enabling imaging experiments that were not possible previously. Here, we discuss the use of monomeric NIR FPs and NIR biosensors for multiplexed imaging with common visible GFP-based probes and blue light-activatable optogenetic tools. These NIR probes are suitable for visualization of functional activities from molecular to organismal levels. In combination with advanced imaging techniques, such as two-photon microscopy with adaptive optics, photoacoustic tomography and its recent modification reversibly switchable photoacoustic computed tomography, NIR probes allow subcellular resolution at millimeter depths. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/s41596-020-0332-6 | Complex-centric proteome profiling by SEC-SWATH-MS for the parallel detection of hundreds of protein complexes | Most catalytic, structural and regulatory functions of the cell are carried out by functional modules, typically complexes containing or consisting of proteins. The composition and abundance of these complexes and the quantitative distribution of specific proteins across different modules are therefore of major significance in basic and translational biology. However, detection and quantification of protein complexes on a proteome-wide scale is technically challenging. We have recently extended the targeted proteomics rationale to the level of native protein complex analysis (complex-centric proteome profiling). The complex-centric workflow described herein consists of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to fractionate native protein complexes, data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to precisely quantify the proteins in each SEC fraction based on a set of proteotypic peptides and targeted, complex-centric analysis where prior information from generic protein interaction maps is used to detect and quantify protein complexes with high selectivity and statistical error control via the computational framework CCprofiler (https://github. com/CCprofiler/CCprofiler). Complex-centric proteome profiling captures most proteins in complex-assembled state and reveals their organization into hundreds of complexes and complex variants observable in a given cellular state. The protocol is applicable to cultured cells and can potentially also be adapted to primary tissue and does not require any genetic engineering of the respective sample sources. At present, it requires ~8 d of wet-laboratory work, 15 d of mass spectrometry measurement time and 7 d of computational analysis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1093/molbev/msq326 | Impact of CCR5delta32 host genetic background and disease progression on HIV-1 intrahost evolutionary processes: Efficient hypothesis testing through hierarchical phylogenetic models | The interplay between C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) host genetic background, disease progression, and intrahost HIV-1 evolutionary dynamics remains unclear because differences in viral evolution between hosts limit the ability to draw conclusions across hosts stratified into clinically relevant populations. Similar inference problems are proliferating across many measurably evolving pathogens for which intrahost sequence samples are readily available. To this end, we propose novel hierarchical phylogenetic models (HPMs) that incorporate fixed effects to test for differences in dynamics across host populations in a formal statistical framework employing stochastic search variable selection and model averaging. To clarify the role of CCR5 host genetic background and disease progression on viral evolutionary patterns, we obtain gp120 envelope sequences from clonal HIV-1 variants isolated at multiple time points in the course of infection from populations of HIV-1-infected individuals who only harbored CCR5-using HIV-1 variants at all time points. Presence or absence of a CCR5 wt/Δ32 genotype and progressive or long-term nonprogressive course of infection stratify the clinical populations in a two-way design. As compared with the standard approach of analyzing sequences from each patient independently, the HPM provides more efficient estimation of evolutionary parameters such as nucleotide substitution rates and dN/dS rate ratios, as shown by significant shrinkage of the estimator variance. The fixed effects also correct for nonindependence of data between populations and results in even further shrinkage of individual patient estimates. Model selection suggests an association between nucleotide substitution rate and disease progression, but a role for CCR5 genotype remains elusive. Given the absence of clear dN/dS differences between patient groups, delayed onset of AIDS symptoms appears to be solely associated with lower viral replication rates rather than with differences in selection on amino acid fixation. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2407376807 | Assessment of the Socia-Economic Benefits of Two Indigenous Fruit Tree: Apple (Gornoaltaiskoje) and Sea Buckthorn (Altaja) to the People of Biger Rural City in Western Region of Mongolia | The purpose of this research is to assess the socio-economic importance of two indigenous fruit trees of Apple and Sea buckthorn in Biger rural city of Gobi-Altai province, Mongolia. Specifically, the study assesses the contributions of indigenous fruits to household’s cash income and to supply the local fruits demand. This study used a qualitative and quantitative analyzing approach which conducted field survey using semi-structured interview with locals and experts, observation and self-designed household exploratory questionnaires were used for primary data collection. The result of research found 12.5 hectare area at 3 places in Biger city planting small apple and sea buckthorn and they were planning to extent the planting area in another 15 hectare from 2015. These two fruits have been supplied big benefits to the 124 householders cash income, domestic use of bordering 17,822 citizens apple’s demand and supply of primary goods for local wine industry since 1971. The other benefits of the fruits planting area also have been supplying 1726 ton forage for 404 herder householder’s livestock food demand in the case area. The local small afro farm areas are contributing lots of benefits to the local householders’ livelihood and wellbeing, neighboring citizens’ fruit demand, livestock forage supply and also reducing desertification process in the Gobi desert region of Mongolia which is very important forest type. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1111/jvs.12624 | Dominance of individual plant species is more important than diversity in explaining plant biomass in the forest understorey | Questions: How does plant community diversity influence variation in plant biomass? There are two competing hypotheses: the ‘biomass ratio’ hypothesis, where biomass is influenced by the abundance and traits of the most dominant species, and the ‘diversity’ hypothesis, where the diversity of organisms influences biomass through mechanisms such as niche complementarity. However, no studies have tested which one of these two hypotheses better explains the variation in plant biomass in the forest understorey. Location: Temperate deciduous forests in northern France. Methods: For the forest understorey, we assessed species diversity and biomass as well as soil and light conditions in 133 forest plots of 100 m² each. Using mixed-effect models and after controlling for potential confounding factors, we tested the ‘biomass ratio’ hypothesis by relating the relative abundance of the most dominant species across our study sites and the CWM of plant traits (leaf area and plant height) to biomass. The ‘diversity’ hypothesis was tested by relating biomass to various measures of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Results: Biomass of the forest understorey was mainly related to the relative abundance and the trait values of the most dominant species, supporting the ‘biomass ratio’ hypothesis. In contrast to the ‘diversity’ hypothesis, functional diversity indices had a negative impact on biomass. We found no contribution of taxonomic or phylogenetic diversity indices. Conclusion: The abundance and traits of the most dominant species matter more than taxonomic, functional or phylogenetic diversity of the forest understorey in explaining its biomass. Thus, there is a need for experiments that aim to fully understand keystone species’ responses to on-going changing biotic and abiotic conditions and to predict their effects on ecosystem functioning and processes. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
SE 9000471 W | AN IMPROVED BALCONY | In order to facilitate the restoration of balconies of the kind comprising concrete slabs (2) projecting from the building body (1), coffers (3) are used to enclose such concrete slabs (2). For fastening of the coffers (3) to the concrete slab (2) one upper tie rod (4) and one lower tie rod (5) are secured in the concrete slab (2) in the area thereof closest to the building body (1). The tie rods (4, 5) project from the building body (1) in the area of the joint between two coffers (3) positioned one on either side of the concrete slab (2), and externally thereof they are interconnected by means of a first vertical stay (9). A second vertical stay (10) extends from the lower tie rod (5) downwardly, alongside the building body (1). A pressure stay (11) extends between the second vertical stay (10) and the lower tie rod (5). The first vertical stay (9) is provided with a securement plate (13) bridging the joint between two coffers (3) and arranged to retain the latter in position in abutment against the building body (1). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/83 | The Final Fate Of Stars That Ignite Neon And Oxygen Off Center Electron Capture Or Iron Core Collapse Supernova | In the ONeMg cores of 8. 8-9. 5 M ? ?stars, neon and oxygen burning is ignited off-center. Whether or not the neon-oxygen flame propagates to the center is critical for determining whether these stars undergo Fe core collapse or electron-capture-induced ONeMg core collapse. We present more details of stars that ignite neon and oxygen burning off-center. The neon flame is established in a manner similar to the carbon flame of super-AGB stars, albeit with a narrower flame width. The criteria for establishing a flame can be met if the strict Schwarzschild criterion for convective instability is adopted. Mixing across the interface of the convective shell disrupts the conditions for the propagation of the burning front, and instead the shell burns as a series of inward-moving flashes. While this may not directly affect whether or not the burning will reach the center (as in super-AGB stars), the core is allowed to contract between each shell flash. Reduction of the electron fraction in the shell reduces the Chandrasekhar mass and the center reaches the threshold density for the URCA process to activate and steer the remaining evolution of the core. This highlights the importance of a more accurate treatment of mixing in the stellar interior for yet another important question in stellar astrophysics?determining the properties of stellar evolution and supernova progenitors at the boundary between electron capture supernova and iron core-collapse supernova. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
US 2014/0059945 W | TAMPER RESISTANT APPLIANCE LATCH | Appliance latch (25) for receiving a striker (26) when the appliance lid (12) is closed, providing an electrically activated lock holding the lid (12) closed during portions of the wash cycle that might present a hazard; said striker (26) presents two different surfaces (37a, 37b) to the latch (25), wherein the first of said surfaces activates an anti- tamper slide (44) and the second of said surfaces activates a trap (40) before the appliance may be actuated. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1982749457 | Determination of Chloramphenicol in Milk Using a QuEChERS-Based on Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method | A quantitative method for the determination of chloramphenicol in milk samples was developed based on the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Homogenized milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile. The partitioning step was performed after the addition of magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. Chloramphenicol was determined using the electrospray negative ionization mode with tandem mass spectrometry. The procedure was validated according to the requirements of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The apparent recovery ranged from 90% to 110% and within-laboratory reproducibility was lower than 12%. The calculated limit of decision was 0.10 μg kg−1 and the detection capability was 0.15 μg kg−1. Validation results demonstrated that this method fulfills criteria for the determination of chloramphenicol in milk. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04891 | Nanoscale Relative Emission Efficiency Mapping Using Cathodoluminescence g<sup>(2)</sup> Imaging | Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging spectroscopy provides two-dimensional optical excitation images of photonic nanostructures with a deep-subwavelength spatial resolution. So far, CL imaging was unable to provide a direct measurement of the excitation and emission probabilities of photonic nanostructures in a spatially resolved manner. Here, we demonstrate that by mapping the cathodoluminescence autocorrelation function g(2) together with the CL spectral distribution the excitation and emission rates can be disentangled at every excitation position. We use InGaN/GaN quantum wells in GaN nanowires with diameters in the range 200-500 nm as a model system to test our new g(2) mapping methodology and find characteristic differences in excitation and emission rates both between wires and within wires. Strong differences in the average CL intensity between the wires are the result of differences in the emission efficiencies. At the highest spatial resolution, intensity variations observed within wires are the result of excitation rates that vary with the nanoscale geometry of the structures. The fact that strong spatial variations observed in the CL intensity are not only uniquely linked to variations in emission efficiency but also linked to excitation efficiency has profound implications for the interpretation of the CL data for nanostructured geometries in general. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W1974376915 | Revised Version of the Automobile Level-of-Service Methodology for Urban Streets in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 | The Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010) contains a significantly revised automobile analysis and level-of-service (LOS) methodology for arterials. This study compared the arterial LOS results of the HCM 2000 and HCM 2010 methodologies for an experimental set of arterial segments and analyzed the effects of the revised methodology. In addition, existing Florida field data sets were also analyzed with arterial segments obtained from Gainesville, Tallahassee, and Tampa, all in Florida, as well as data received from the Florida Department of Transportation Districts 2 and 3. The HCM 2010 results showed that for shorter, lower-speed arterial segments [such as in central business districts (CBDs)] it was not possible to obtain LOS Ratings A or B. Therefore, many CBD arterials that had good LOS values under the HCM 2000 methodology would now have moderate to poor LOS values. Consequently, the research team tested several revisions of the HCM 2010 methodology to find an approach that would not be as punitive to arterials with shorter segment lengths and that would provide a good balance of LOS values across a range of segment lengths, posted speeds, and traffic demands. Suggested revisions to the HCM 2010 methodology that allowed this objective to be achieved consisted of the following: the use of two classes instead of one (on the basis of the posted speed); the use of the average travel speed as the service measure instead of the ratio of the average travel speed to the base free-flow speed; and the setting of the free-flow speed to equal the posted speed plus 5 mph, instead of using the free-flow speed computations in the HCM 2010 methodology. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/2720024 | Online Automated Synthesis Of Compact Normative Systems | Most normative systems make use of explicit representations of norms (namely, obligations, prohibitions, and permissions) and associated mechanisms to support the self-regulation of open societies of self-interested and autonomous agents. A key problem in research on normative systems is that of how to synthesise effective and efficient norms. Manually designing norms is time consuming and error prone. An alternative is to automatically synthesise norms. However, norm synthesis is a computationally complex problem. We present a novel online norm synthesis mechanism, designed to synthesise compact normative systems. It yields normative systems composed of concise (simple) norms that effectively coordinate a multiagent system (MAS) without lapsing into overregulation. Our mechanism is based on a central authority that monitors a MAS, searching for undesired states. After detecting undesirable states, the central authority then synthesises norms aimed to avoid them in the future. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through experimental results. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
AU 1951/003014 W | EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS PEPTIDE EPITOPES, POLYEPITOPES AND DELIVERY SYSTEM THEREFOR | Immunogenic cytotoxic T cell epitope peptides of Epstein Barr Virus LMP1 protein are provided having between nine and seventeen amino acids and minimal consensus sequences selected from QRH, AGNDG, QNW, VLYS and DSNSNE. These peptides, either individually or in polyepitope constructs, are useful in pharmaceutical compositions, vaccines and methods of treating Epstein Barr Virus associated diseases such as Hodgkin's Disease and/or Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, although without limitation thereto. A preferred mode of polyepitope delivery is an adenovirus-based system. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
222349 | Open book epc for brussels’ condominiums | The objective of easyCOPRO is to develop a fully-fledged renovation package for Brussels based condominiums. The package will include financial means and technical assistance which aims at significantly simplifying the decision-making process of co-owners and property managers to engage into heavy refurbishment procedures. Third party financing energy performance contracts will be signed with the beneficiaries. We call them ""open book EPC ""because they will be elaborated together with the beneficiaries in a fully transparent manner.
The specific objective of easyCOPRPO is to retrofit an average of 20 condominiums between 2018 and 2022 worth a total investment of 10 million €. All the buildings will have been audited, technically and financially assessed and specifications will have been developed.
The partners of this project have the technical expertise to develop all steps needed from the open book EPC to the energy audits and action plans. The consortium includes one third-party investor which has the capacity to finance the retrofit measures and thereby offers the possibility to overcome a significant upfront barrier.
The standardised tools to be developed in this package will ensure a replicability on regional, national and EU level. easyCOPRO will develop, test and improve over four years a set of standardised tools (""tool box"") which can very easily be reused by other property managers, developers or third party investors to refurbish on large scale the Brussels pool of condominiums.
The package proposal of easyCOPRO offers innovation in financial engineering, in overcoming administrative, legal and financial barriers and a high degree of replicability. These elements should unlock by 2022 additional investments in energy efficiency of 10 million € in the Brussels region.
| [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
CA 3121081 A | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL IN-FILL INSTALLATION | Disclosed is a fence system. The fence system, comprising: a first post; a second post, wherein each of the first post and the second post comprises a first set of ribs and a second set of ribs; a lower rail, wherein a first end of the lower rail is adapted to terminate at a face of the first set of ribs of the first post and a second end of the lower rail is adapted to terminate at a face of the first set of ribs of the second post; and an upper rail, wherein the lower rail and the upper rail are positioned to receive one or more infill boards, such that the one or more infill boards are adapted to terminate at a face of the second set of ribs of the first post and at a face of the second set of ribs of the second post. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00504 | Manufacturing natural killer cells as medicinal products | Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells (ILC) with cytotoxic and regulatory properties. Their functions are tightly regulated by an array of inhibitory and activating receptors, and their mechanisms of activation strongly differ from antigen recognition in the context of human leukocyte antigen presentation as needed for T-cell activation. NK cells thus offer unique opportunities for new and improved therapeutic manipulation, either in vivo or in vitro, in a variety of human diseases, including cancers. NK cell activity can possibly be modulated in vivo through direct or indirect actions exerted by small molecules or monoclonal antibodies. NK cells can also be adoptively transferred following more or less substantial modifications through cell and gene manufacturing, in order to empower them with new or improved functions and ensure their controlled persistence and activity in the recipient. In the present review, we will focus on the technological and regulatory challenges of NK cell manufacturing and discuss conditions in which these innovative cellular therapies can be brought to the clinic. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W2202563965 | Anti-Ulcerogenic and Membrane Stabilization Effect of Ethanol Extract of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) | The effects of the ethanol extract of coconut on indomethacin – induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats and on Hypotonicity induced haemolysis of human red blood cells were studied. Ulcer was induced in the rats by post oral (p.o.) administration of indomethacin (50mg/kg) using standard procedures. The percentage ulcer inhibition was taken as the measure of the cytoprotection offered by the coconut extract. The extracts reduced the gastric erosions induced by indomethacin in a dose dependent manner with 100mg/kg dose having an ulcer inhibition of 65.4%; 200mg/kg gave 67.9% inhibition while 400mg/kg caused a 70.1% reduction in the ulcerations formed. These results were comparable to the 91% reduction recorded for ranitidine, the standard anti-ulcer drug. The effect of the coconut extract on haemolysis induced by distilled water was evaluated by incubating various concentrations of the extract with red blood cells and distilled water. The effect of the standard anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin was determined as a positive control. Changes in absorbance were used to assess the extent of haemolysis, hence membrane stabilization. From the results obtained, coconut extract gave a dose dependent reduction in the haemolysis induced by distilled water. This suggests that the extract has a stabilizing effect on lysosomal membranes. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
3737328 | European incubator for trusted and secure data value chains | Europe has an opportunity to have a leading position on Data Economy, particularly in B2B scenarios. Special focus must be placed on accessing, sharing and reuse of data in an environment of security and Trust, which are fundamental preconditions for the Data Economy. The support of pilot projects and innovation spaces for experimenting with cross-sector multi-stakeholder data innovation is therefore urgent. Efforts need to concentrate on the provision of trusted and secure privacy-aware analytics solutions allowing for the secure sharing of proprietary industrial data along with personal data. REACH aims to launch a sustainable European-wide second-generation incubator for data-fuelled start-ups & SMEs aiming to develop innovative experiments within data value chains. REACH will launch 3 Open Calls expecting to attract +500 data driven concept-applications and select 100 business ideas to undertake a 4-phases funnel Tech-Biz acceleration programme (EXPLORE - EXPERIMENT - EVOLVE - EXPOSE). REACH aims to support the generation of new data-fuelled products & services, drive the development of solid businesses, trigger revenue growth and foster the access to new funding rounds, by offering a full service pack consisted of: tech-training and experts, datasets, technological bricks for secure and trusted data value chains, computing infrastructures, business development training & coaches and up to €120k equity-free funding. REACH will demonstrate that Data Silos can be broken by enabling a multi-stakeholder cross-sectorial incubator to boost data-fuelled sustainable solutions, leveraged by the capacities of the best data-driven DIHs in Europe. Besides a solid consortium to access world class startups/ SMEs and deliver high valuable technological & business services, REACH integrates 3 DIHs and 9 public/ private data-providers and 2 private investor brokers. We aim to generate 10M€ volume investment for SMES creating 15 data value-chains delivering fit-to-market products | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201806976 | Multidirectional Activity Control of Cellular Processes by a Versatile Chemo-optogenetic Approach | The spatiotemporal dynamics of proteins or organelles plays a vital role in controlling diverse cellular processes. However, acute control of activity at distinct locations within a cell is challenging. A versatile multidirectional activity control (MAC) approach is presented, which employs a photoactivatable system that may be dimerized upon chemical inducement. The system comprises second-generation SLF*-TMP (S*T) and photocaged NvocTMP-Cl dimerizers; where, SLF*-TMP features a synthetic ligand of the FKBP(F36V) binding protein, Nvoc is a caging group, and TMP is the antibiotic trimethoprim. Two MAC strategies are demonstrated to spatiotemporally control cellular signaling and intracellular cargo transport. The novel platform enables tunable, reversible, and rapid control of activity at multiple compartments in living cells. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1080/00141844.2016.1169204 | Between A Rock And A Stormy Place From Overheating To Expulsion In Subic Bay Philippines | ABSTRACTThis paper examines the dynamics behind recent land and water appropriations in Subic Bay (Philippines). The communities adjacent to the former US Naval Base Subic Bay have undergone major transformations since the US military left in 1992. Through the establishment of a Freeport Zone, the area has become a hub for foreign direct investors seeking to profit from the Philippines’ low labour costs. Today, the most important investor in Subic is a South Korean conglomerate that has built one of the largest shipyards in the world in the area. The shipyard, providing labour to tens of thousands of workers, has also led to the dislocation of hundreds of subsistence fishers. With their old fishing grounds lost due to increasing pollution and newly established water boundaries, these villagers find that both the land and water they depend upon are increasingly becoming a scarce good. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
2721834 | Delivering advanced predictive tools form medium to seasonal range for water dependent industries exploiting the cross-cutting potential of eo and hydro-ecological modeling | PrimeWater aims to maximize the potential of the Earth Observation (EO) technologies for the water sector by enhancing and expanding the information base for inland water quality attributes, through advanced physics-based algorithms that integrate multi- and hyper-spectral imagery from satellite, airborne and ground-based sensors, increasing the situational intelligence of water regulators, emergency planners, water-related industry professionals and local communities.
PrimeWater aspires to further add value to EO data and other Copernicus sectoral services through cross-cutting research with Data Assimilation (DA) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques aiming at improving the skill of hydro-ecological forecasts and their related impact at different spatial scales and time horizons, and hence improve preparedness against water hazards and enhance the capacity of decision-making through uncertainty information.
PrimeWater will establish a complete value chain linking science with the water business sector, ensuring the co-development of products and services through continuous and efficient interaction and communication with water professionals across the globe and in-depth analysis of the intrinsic barriers for the wide market uptake of EO-enabled services in the water sector. As a result PrimeWater will deliver water intelligent services that capitalize on advanced EO data products and intersections with other data sources, will build on cause-effect analyses through diagnostic modelling tools, and will utilize predictive and prescriptive calculations by integrating forecasting capabilities with planning and scenario analysis. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/path.4645 | Mouse models of intestinal cancer | Murine models of intestinal cancer are powerful tools to recapitulate human intestinal cancer, understand its biology and test therapies. With recent developments identifying the importance of the tumour microenvironment and the potential for immunotherapy, autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) will remain an important part of preclinical studies for the foreseeable future. This review will provide an overview of the current mouse models of intestinal cancer, from the ApcMin/+ mouse, which has been used for over 25 years, to the latest 'state-of-the-art' organoid models. We discuss here how these models have been used to define fundamental processes involved in tumour initiation and the attempts to generate metastatic models, which is the ultimate cause of cancer mortality. Together these models will provide key insights to understand this complex disease and hopefully will lead to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W2102525576 | TARGET CLASSIFICATION WITH LOW-RESOLUTION SURVEILLANCE RADARS BASED ON MULTIFRACTAL FEATURES | The multifractal characteristics of return signals from aircraft targets in conventional radars ofier a flne description of dynamic characteristics which induce the targets' echo structure; therefore they can provide a new way for aircraft target classiflcation and recognition with low-resolution surveillance radars. On basis of introducing the mathematical model of return signals from aircraft targets in conventional radars, the paper analyzes the multifractal characteristics of the return signals as well as the extraction method of their multifractal features by means of the multifractal analysis of measures, and puts forward a multifractal-feature-based classiflcation method for three types of aircraft targets (including jet aircrafts, propeller aircrafts and helicopters) from the viewpoint of pattern classiflcation. The analysis shows that the conventional radar return signals from the three types of aircraft targets have signiflcantly difierent multifractal characteristics, and the deflned characteristic parameters can be used as efiective features for aircraft target classiflcation and recognition. The results of classiflcation experiments validate the proposed method. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-018-28751-w | Site-specific ion occupation in the selectivity filter causes voltage-dependent gating in a viral K<sup>+</sup> channel | Many potassium channels show voltage-dependent gating without a dedicated voltage sensor domain. This is not fully understood yet, but often explained by voltage-induced changes of ion occupation in the five distinct K+ binding sites in the selectivity filter. To better understand this mechanism of filter gating we measured the single-channel current and the rate constant of sub-millisecond channel closure of the viral K+ channel KcvNTS for a wide range of voltages and symmetric and asymmetric K+ concentrations in planar lipid membranes. A model-based analysis employed a global fit of all experimental data, i. e. , using a common set of parameters for current and channel closure under all conditions. Three different established models of ion permeation and various relationships between ion occupation and gating were tested. Only one of the models described the data adequately. It revealed that the most extracellular binding site (S0) in the selectivity filter functions as the voltage sensor for the rate constant of channel closure. The ion occupation outside of S0 modulates its dependence on K+ concentration. The analysis uncovers an important role of changes in protein flexibility in mediating the effect from the sensor to the gate. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-017-00364-3 | Biochemical phosphates observed using hyperpolarized <sup>31</sup>P in physiological aqueous solutions | The dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization technology had previously enabled nuclear magnetic resonance detection of various nuclei in a hyperpolarized state. Here, we show the hyperpolarization of 31P nuclei in important biological phosphates (inorganic phosphate and phosphocreatine) in aqueous solutions. The hyperpolarized inorganic phosphate showed an enhancement factor >11,000 (at 5. 8 T, 9. 3% polarization) in D2O (T1 29. 4 s). Deuteration and the solution composition and pH all affected the lifetime of the hyperpolarized state. This capability opens up avenues for real-time monitoring of phosphate metabolism, distribution, and pH sensing in the live body without ionizing radiation. Immediate changes in the microenvironment pH have been detected here in a cell-free system via the chemical shift of hyperpolarized inorganic phosphate. Because the 31P nucleus is 100% naturally abundant, future studies on hyperpolarized phosphates will not require expensive isotope labeling as is usually required for hyperpolarization of other substrates. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W3044124012 | PRA RENCANA PABRIK PEMBUATAN ETILBENZENA DENGAN PROSES OKSIDATIF KOPLING METANA KAPASITAS PRODUKSI 280.000 TON PER TAHUN | Ethylbenzene manufacturing plant located on the Cikarang Industrial Estate, West Java. This factory covers an area of 8 hectares with a capacity 280,000 tons per year. The process of making Ethylbenzene carried out by the oxidation process of methane coupling by reacting Methane in the Gas Phase with Oxygen carried out in Reactor-01 (R-01) at a temperature of 800oC and a pressure of 22 atm spent to produce the raw material for making ethylbenzene, ethylene. Ethylene will react again with liquid phase benzene at the reactor (R-02) at 225oC and a pressure of 15 atm to produce:
C2H4+ C6H6 C8H10
This factory is a company that consists of a Limited Company with an organization and staff system, which lead by a president director with a total of 145 employees. Based on the results of an economic analysis, the Ethylbenzene Plant is declared feasible to be established, approved:
a. Total Capital Investment (TCI): US $
b. Cost of production per year: US $ 361,459,103.87
c. Total annual sales: US $ 399,455,788.98
d. Net profit per year: US $ 27,838,551.55
e. Annual Cash Flow (ACF): US $ 30,380,721.63
f. Payment Time: 2 years
g. Return on investment: 85%
h. Breakeven Point: 36%
I. Service life: 11 years | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2018)022 | On Multi Field Flows In Gravity And Holography | We perform a systematic analysis of flow-like solutions in theories of Einstein gravity coupled to multiple scalar fields, which arise as holographic RG flows as well as in the context of cosmological solutions driven by scalars. We use the first order formalism and the superpotential formulation to classify solutions close to generic extrema of the scalar potential, and close to “bounces,” where the flow is inverted in some or all directions and the superpotential becomes multi-valued. Although the superpotential formulation contains a large redundancy, we show how this can be completely lift by suitable regularity conditions. We place the first order formalism in the context of Hamilton-Jacobi theory, where we discuss the possibility of non-gradient flows and their connection to non-separable solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We argue that non-gradient flows may be useful in the presence of global symmetries in the scalar sector. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1017/jfm.2013.431 | Scaling of streamwise boundary layer streaks and their ability to reduce skin-friction drag | AbstractSpanwise arrays of miniature vortex generators (MVGs) are used to generate energetic transient disturbance growth, which is able to modulate the boundary layer flow with steady and stable streak amplitudes up to 32 % of the free-stream velocity. This type of modulation has previously been shown to act in a stabilizing manner on modal disturbance growth described by classical instability theory. In an attempt to reproduce a more realistic flow configuration, in the present experimental set-up, Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves are generated upstream of the MVG array, allowing for a complete interaction of the incoming wave with the array. Fifteen new MVG configurations are investigated and the stabilizing effect on the TS waves is quantified. We show that the streak amplitude definition is very important when trying to relate it to the stabilization, since it may completely bypass information on the mean streamwise velocity gradient in the spanwise direction, which is an essential ingredient of the observed stabilization. Here, we use an integral-based streak amplitude definition along with a streak amplitude scaling relation based on empiricism, which takes the spanwise periodicity of the streaks into account. The results show that, applying the integral definition, the optimal streak amplitude for attenuating TS wave disturbance growth is around 30 % of the free-stream velocity, which corresponds to ${\sim }20\hspace{0. 167em} \% $ in the conventional definition when keeping the spanwise wavelength constant. The experiments also show that the disturbance energy level, based on the full velocity signal, is significantly reduced in the controlled case, and that the onset of transition may be inhibited altogether throughout the measured region in the presence of an MVG array. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201730465 | Results From A Set Of Three Dimensional Numerical Experiments Of A Hot Jupiter Atmosphere | We present highlights from a large set of simulations of a hot Jupiter atmosphere, nominally based on HD 209458b, aimed at exploring both the evolution of the deep atmosphere, and the acceleration of the zonal flow or jet. We find the occurrence of a super-rotating equatorial jet is robust to changes in various parameters, and over long timescales, even in the absence of strong inner or bottom boundary drag. This jet is diminished in one simulation only, where we strongly force the deep atmosphere equator-to-pole temperature gradient over long timescales. Finally, although the eddy momentum fluxes in our atmosphere show similarities with the proposed mechanism for accelerating jets on tidally-locked planets, the picture appears more complex. We present tentative evidence for a jet driven by a combination of eddy momentum transport and mean flow. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1038/s41557-019-0324-8 | Enzymatic control of cycloadduct conformation ensures reversible 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in a prFMN-dependent decarboxylase | The UbiD enzyme plays an important role in bacterial ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) biosynthesis. It belongs to a family of reversible decarboxylases that interconvert propenoic or aromatic acids with the corresponding alkenes or aromatic compounds using a prenylated flavin mononucleotide cofactor. This cofactor is suggested to support (de)carboxylation through a reversible 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition process. Here, we report an atomic-level description of the reaction of the UbiD-related ferulic acid decarboxylase with substituted propenoic and propiolic acids (data ranging from 1. 01–1. 39 Å). The enzyme is only able to couple (de)carboxylation of cinnamic acid-type compounds to reversible 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, while the formation of dead-end prenylated flavin mononucleotide cycloadducts occurs with distinct propenoic and propiolic acids. The active site imposes considerable strain on covalent intermediates formed with cinnamic and phenylpropiolic acids. Strain reduction through mutagenesis negatively affects catalytic rates with cinnamic acid, indicating a direct link between enzyme-induced strain and catalysis that is supported by computational studies. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2560625851 | A simple analysis of copper local loop faults in FTTB environment | This paper introduces a very simple testing scenario for detecting of faults in copper local loop that remains in access network after replacing copper wires from CO (Central Office) to DP (Distribution Point) with optical fibres, i.e. after implementation of FTTB (Fibre to the Building/Basement) solution. The scenario can be useful at first for quick and quite reliable loop troubleshooting, and in particular cases for loop qualification. The first part of the paper gives a short overview of copper loop model in DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) environment, its lead testing scenarios and FTTB solution. A main steps in fault analysis and testing scenario description follow. Below that, a discussion proposed scenario usability and reliability is provided. At the end an experimental verification of the scenario, which is based on data collecting on physical system in commercial exploitation is done. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/C3NR04332K | Controlled Functionalization Of Graphene Oxide With Sodium Azide | We present the first example of azide functionalization on the surface of graphene oxide (GO), which preserves thermally unstable groups in GO through the mild reaction with sodium azide in solids. Experimental evidence, by 15N solid-state NMR and other spectroscopic methods, indicates the substitution of organosulfate with azide anions as the reaction mechanism. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
281025 | Differentiation and role of Natural Killer cell subsets | NK cells are innate lymphocytes that play a role in the early response against intracellular pathogens and against tumors. Several NK cell subsets have been described in peripheral organs that correspond to discrete stages of in vivo maturation. How NK cells differentiate from early precursors and what are the specific functions of each NK cell subset are unresolved issues. Here, we propose a three-aim program to address these questions. First, we want to revisit the partition of the NK cell population that is currently based on surface markers of undefined function by looking at the expression of transcription factors (TF) essential for NK cell development and maturation, such as T-bet and Eomes, using novel TF reporter mice. This strategy should also allow us to identify very early steps of NK cell development (NK cell progenitors) that remain ill defined. Second, we will try and identify molecular mechanisms that induce transition between NK cell maturation stages. For this we will take advantage of a previous gene profiling analysis that pointed at several pathways and TF that were highly regulated during NK cell maturation. The role of these pathways and TF in the differentiation of NK cells will be measured using a novel Cre/lox system allowing NK-specific gene deletion. Detailed analysis of mouse mutants will be used to delineate the role of selected genes and pathways in NK cell differentiation. Third, we will compare patterns of migration, cytokine secretion, in vivo cytotoxicity and global gene expression by individual NK cell subsets during an airway infection by Influenza to get insight on the specific functions of NK cell subsets during immune responses. Altogether, the results of this study should provide developmental, molecular and functional evidences to support the physiological relevance of NK cell subsets. This may improve strategies that aim at manipulating NK cell function for the benefit of patients with cancer or chronic infectious diseases | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
757695 | From processes to modelling of methane emissions from trees | Atmospheric concentration of the strong greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is rising with an increased annual growth rate. Biosphere has an important role in the global CH4 budget, but high uncertainties remain in the strength of its different sink and source components. Among the natural sources, the contribution of vegetation to the global CH4 budget is the least well understood. Role of trees to the CH4 budget of forest ecosystems has long been overlooked due to the perception that trees do not play a role in the CH4 dynamics. Methanogenic Archaea were long considered as the sole CH4 producing organisms, while new findings of aerobic CH4 production in terrestrial vegetation and in fungi show our incomplete understanding of the CH4 cycling processes. Enclosure measurements from trees reveal that trees can emit CH4 and may substantially contribute to the net CH4 exchange of forests.
The main aim of MEMETRE project is to raise the process-based understanding of CH4 exchange in boreal and temperate forests to the level where we can construct a sound process model for the soil-tree-atmosphere CH4 exchange. We will achieve this by novel laboratory and field experiment focusing on newly identified processes, quantifying CH4 fluxes, seasonal and daily variability and drivers of CH4 at leaf-level, tree and ecosystem level. We use novel CH4 flux measurement techniques to identify the roles of fungal and methanogenic production and transport mechanisms to the CH4 emission from trees, and we synthesize the experimental work to build a process model including CH4 exchange processes within trees and the soil, transport of CH4 between the soil and the trees, and transport of CH4 within the trees. The project will revolutionize our understanding of CH4 flux dynamics in forest ecosystems. It will significantly narrow down the high uncertainties in boreal and temperate forests for their contribution to the global CH4 budget. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1063/1.4934681 | An Ultrafast Electron Microscope Gun Driven By Two Photon Photoemission From A Nanotip Cathode | We experimentally and numerically investigate the performance of an advanced ultrafast electron source, based on two-photon photoemission from a tungsten needle cathode incorporated in an electron microscope gun geometry. Emission properties are characterized as a function of the electrostatic gun settings, and operating conditions leading to laser-triggered electron beams of very low emittance (below 20 nm mrad) are identified. The results highlight the excellent suitability of optically driven nano-cathodes for the further development of ultrafast transmission electron microscopy. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2146285754 | Sustaining cyborgs: Sensing and tuning agencies of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators | Recently there has been a renewed interest in cyborgs, and particularly in new and emerging fusions of humans and technologies related to the development of human enhancement technologies. These studies reflect a trend to follow new and emerging technologies. In this article, I argue that it is important to study ‘older’ and more familiar cyborgs as well. Studying ‘the old’ is important because it enables us to recognize hybrids’ embodied experiences. This article addresses two of these older hybrids: pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators inserted in the bodies of people suffering from heart-rhythm disturbances. My concern with hybrid bodies is that internal devices seem to present a complex and neglected case if we wish to understand human agency. Their ‘users’ seem to be passive because they cannot exert any direct control over the working of their devices. Technologies inside bodies challenge a longstanding tradition of theorizing human–technology relations only in terms of technologies external to the body. Cyborg theory is problematic as well because most studies tend to conceptualize the cyborg merely as a discursive entity and silence the voices of people living as cyborgs. Inspired by feminist research that foregrounds the materiality of the lived and intimate relations between bodies and technologies, I argue that creating these intimate relations requires patients’ active involvement in sustaining their hybrid bodies. Based on observations of these monitoring practices in a Dutch hospital and interviews with patients and technicians, the article shows that heart cyborgs are far from passive. On the contrary, their unique experience in sensing the entangled agencies of technologies and their own heart plays a crucial role in sustaining their hybrid bodies. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-017-15212-z | Human stem cell-derived retinal epithelial cells activate complement via collectin 11 in response to stress | Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness and is associated with complement dysregulation. The disease is a potential target for stem cell therapy but success is likely to be limited by the inflammatory response. We investigated the innate immune properties of human induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells, particularly with regard to the complement pathway. We focused on collectin-11 (CL-11), a pattern recognition molecule that can trigger complement activation in renal epithelial tissue. We found evidence of constitutive and hypoxia-induced expression of CL-11 in iPS-RPE cells, and in the extracellular fluid. Complement activation on the cell surface occurred in conjunction with CL-11 binding. CL-11 has been shown to activate inflammatory responses through recognition of L-fucose, which we confirmed by showing that fucosidase-treated cells, largely, failed to activate complement. The presence of CL-11 in healthy murine and human retinal tissues confirmed the biological relevance of CL-11. Our data describe a new trigger mechanism of complement activation that could be important in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 2006/0061606 W | CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS HAVING LIQUID CENTERS | Confectionery products comprising liquid centers and methods for making same are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a confectionery product comprising a confectionery shell surrounding at least one liquid filled bead. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1970283682 | Appraisal of Space Words and Allocation of Emotion Words in Bodily Space | The body-specificity hypothesis (BSH) predicts that right-handers and left-handers allocate positive and negative concepts differently on the horizontal plane, i.e., while left-handers allocate negative concepts on the right-hand side of their bodily space, right-handers allocate such concepts to the left-hand side. Similar research shows that people, in general, tend to allocate positive and negative concepts in upper and lower areas, respectively, in relation to the vertical plane. Further research shows a higher salience of the vertical plane over the horizontal plane in the performance of sensorimotor tasks. The aim of the paper is to examine whether there should be a dominance of the vertical plane over the horizontal plane, not only at a sensorimotor level but also at a conceptual level. In Experiment 1, various participants from diverse linguistic backgrounds were asked to rate the words "up", "down", "left", and "right". In Experiment 2, right-handed participants from two linguistic backgrounds were asked to allocate emotion words into a square grid divided into four boxes of equal areas. Results suggest that the vertical plane is more salient than the horizontal plane regarding the allocation of emotion words and positively-valenced words were placed in upper locations whereas negatively-valenced words were placed in lower locations. Together, the results lend support to the BSH while also suggesting a higher saliency of the vertical plane over the horizontal plane in the allocation of valenced words. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.01.007 | Coupling heat transfer and large eddy simulation for combustion instability prediction in a swirl burner | Large eddy simulations (LES) of combustion instabilities are often performed with simplified thermal wall boundary conditions, typically adiabatic walls. However, wall temperatures directly affect the gas temperatures and therefore the sound speed field. They also control the flame itself, its stabilization characteristics and its response to acoustic waves, changing the flame transfer functions (FTFs) of many combustion chambers. This paper presents an example of LES of turbulent flames fully coupled to a heat conduction solver providing the temperature in the combustor walls. LES results obtained with the fully coupled approach are compared to experimental data and to LES performed with adiabatic walls for a swirled turbulent methane/air burner installed at Engler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Stuttgart. Results show that the fully coupled approach provides reasonable wall temperature estimations and that heat conduction in the combustor walls strongly affects both the mean state and the unstable modes of the combustor. The unstable thermoacoustic mode observed experimentally at 750 Hz is captured accurately by the coupled simulation but not by the adiabatic one, suggesting that coupling LES with heat conduction solvers within combustor walls may be necessary in other configurations in order to capture flame dynamics. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/jacs.9b13219 | Water-Soluble BODIPY Photocages with Tunable Cellular Localization | Photoactivation of bioactive molecules allows manipulation of cellular processes with high spatiotemporal precision. The recent emergence of visible-light excitable photoprotecting groups has the potential to further expand the established utility of the photoactivation strategy in biological applications by offering higher tissue penetration, diminished phototoxicity, and compatibility with other light-dependent techniques. Nevertheless, a critical barrier to such applications remains the significant hydrophobicity of most visible-light excitable photocaging groups. Here, we find that applying the conventional 2,6-sulfonation to meso-methyl BODIPY photocages is incompatible with their photoreaction due to an increase in the excited state barrier for photorelease. We present a simple, remote sulfonation solution to BODIPY photocages that imparts water solubility and provides control over cellular permeability while retaining their favorable spectroscopic and photoreaction properties. Peripherally disulfonated BODIPY photocages are cell impermeable, making them useful for modulation of cell-surface receptors, while monosulfonated BODIPY retains the ability to cross the cellular membrane and can modulate intracellular targets. This new approach is generalizable for controlling BODIPY localization and was validated by sensitization of mammalian cells and neurons by visible-light photoactivation of signaling molecules. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/s00355-009-0434-0 | Can groups solve the problem of over-bidding in contests? | This study reports an experiment that examines whether groups can better comply with theoretical predictions than individuals in contests. Our experiment replicates previous findings that individual players significantly overbid relative to theoretical predictions, incurring substantial losses. There is high variance in individual bids and strong heterogeneity across individual players. The new findings of our experiment are that groups make 25% lower bids, their bids have lower variance, and group bids are less heterogeneous than individual bids. Therefore, groups receive significantly higher and more homogeneous payoffs than individuals. We elicit individual and group preferences toward risk using simple lotteries. The results indicate that groups make less risky decisions, which are possible explanations for lower bids in contests. Most importantly, we find that groups learn to make lower bids from communication and negotiation between group members. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
2729303 | Developing therapeutic antibodies for pets | Chronic inflammatory diseases in pets such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are poorly managed causing emotional and financial distress to pet owners. Current therapies are ineffective - they do not relieve pet suffering and lead to the animal being put down. Therapies are also expensive with costs up to €400/month. Antibody therapy for such conditions has long been used in human medicine but has not been sufficiently developed for veterinary medicine and causes an immunogenic response as the antibodies are not species specific. Antibodies need to be adapted which is expensive and causes severe side effects making them an untenable solution at present. Pet ownership in the EU has been on the increase (up by 2million pets since 2016) due to demographic shifts and a greater reliance on pets as companions. The global animal health market is worth > €29Bn growing at a CAGR of 6% with pet health making up 40% of the market. Pet owners spend €3k - €5k/ year on their pet’s health and are willing to pay to ease pet suffering. adivo is a German biotech company specializing in generating species-specific therapeutic antibodies for companion animals. adivo was founded in 2018. The adivo-team aims to address medical needs in dogs including cancer and chronic inflammation, with the potential of expanding activities into the development of therapeutics for other species in future. adivo has developed CAESAR, the first of a kind synthetic canine phage-display library to generate therapeutic antibodies for dogs. We have developed a complete library from which we can synthesize therapeutic antibodies native to treat IBD. Our solution will overcome the challenges of current therapies and provide an affordable, scalable solution for effective antibody therapy for pets which has been demonstrated in human medicine. We expect to generate out-licensing revenue ≥€15M when we launch the product before royalties and hire 12 people. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00198 | Neural correlates of visuospatial attention to unseen stimuli in hemianopic patients. A steady-state visual evoked potential study | The relationship between attention and awareness is a topic of great interest in cognitive neuroscience. Some studies in healthy participants and hemianopic patients have shown dissociation between these two processes. In contrast, others confirmed the classic notion that the two processes are mutually exclusive. To try and cast further light on this fascinating dilemma, in the present study we have investigated the neural mechanisms of visual spatial attention when perceptual awareness is totally lacking. To do that, we monitored with steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) the neurophysiological correlates of endogenous spatial attention to unseen stimuli presented to the blind field of hemianopic patients. Behaviourally, stimulus detection (a brief change in the orientation of a gabor grating) was absent in the blind hemifield while in the sighted field there was a lower, but non-significant, performance in hit rate with respect to a healthy control group. Importantly, however, in both blind and sighted hemifield of hemianopics (as well as in healthy participants) SSVEP recordings showed an attentional effect with higher frequency power in the attended than unattended condition. The scalp distribution of this effect was broadly in keeping with the location of the dorsal system of endogenous spatial attention. In conclusion, the present results provide evidence that the neural correlates of spatial attention are present regardless of visual awareness and this is in accord with the general hypothesis of a possible dissociation between attention and awareness. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.1400244 | PlGF-induced VEGFR1-dependent vascular remodeling determines opposing antitumor effects and drug resistance to Dll4-Notch inhibitors | Inhibition of Dll4 (delta-like ligand 4)-Notch signaling-mediated tumor angiogenesis is an attractive approach in cancer therapy. However, inhibition of Dll4-Notch signaling has produced different effects in various tumors, and no biomarkers are available for predicting the anti-Dll4-Notch-associated antitumor activity. We show that human and mouse tumor cell-derived placental growth factor (PlGF) is a key determinant of the Dll4-Notch-induced vascular remodeling and tumor growth. In natural PlGF-expressing human tumors, inhibition of Dll4-Notch signaling markedly accelerated tumor growth by increasing blood perfusion in nonleaking tumor vasculatures. Conversely, in PlGF-negative tumors, Dll4 inhibition suppressed tumor growth by the formation of nonproductive and leaky vessels. Surprisingly, genetic inactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) completely abrogated the PlGF-modulated vascular remodeling and tumor growth, indicating a crucial role for VEGFR1-mediated signals in modulating Dll4-Notch functions. These findings provide mechanistic insights on PlGF-VEGFR1 signaling in the modulation of the Dll4-Notch pathway in angiogenesis and tumor growth, and have therapeutic implications of PlGF as a biomarker for predicting the antitumor benefits of Dll4 and Notch inhibitors. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1128/MCB.00460-10 | Molecular Dissection Of Telomeric Repeat Containing Rna Biogenesis Unveils The Presence Of Distinct And Multiple Regulatory Pathways | Telomeres are transcribed into telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), large, heterogeneous, noncoding transcripts which form part of the telomeric heterochromatin. Despite a large number of functions that have been ascribed to TERRA, little is known about its biogenesis. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the molecular structure of TERRA. We identify biochemically distinct TERRA complexes, and we describe TERRA regulation during the cell cycle. Moreover, we demonstrate that TERRA 5' ends contain 7-methylguanosine cap structures and that the poly(A) tail, present on a fraction of TERRA transcripts, contributes to their stability. Poly(A)(-) TERRA, but not poly(A)(+) TERRA, is associated with chromatin, possibly reflecting distinct biological roles of TERRA ribonucleoprotein complexes. In support of this idea, poly(A)(-) and poly(A)(+) TERRA molecules end with distinct sequence registers. We also determine that the bulk of 3'-terminal UUAGGG repeats have an average length of 200 bases, indicating that the length heterogeneity of TERRA likely stems from its subtelomeric regions. Finally, we find that TERRA is regulated during the cell cycle, being lowest in late S phase and peaking in early G(1). Our analyses offer the basis for investigating multiple regulatory pathways that affect TERRA synthesis, processing, turnover, and function. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
948217 | Beyond classical conditioning: Hippocampal circuits in higher-order memory processes | Animals and humans adapt to changes in the environment through the encoding and storage of previous experiences. Although associative learning involving a reinforcer has been the major focus in the field of cognition, other forms of learning are gaining popularity as they are likely more relevant and frequent in human daily choices. Indeed, associations between non-reinforcing stimuli represent the most evolutionarily advanced way to increase the chances of predicting future events and adapting individuals’ behavior. Animals are also able to form these higher-order conditioning processes, but more research is needed to understand how the brain encode and store these complex cognitive processes. In this project, I propose to study the role of hippocampo-cortical circuits in higher-order conditioning processes. These processes explain why subjects are often repulsed or attracted by stimuli, which do not have intrinsic repellent or appealing value and they were never explicitly paired with negative or positive outcomes. A proposed explanation of these “ungrounded” aversion or attraction is that these stimuli were incidentally associated with other cues directly reinforced, through a process called mediated learning (ML). However, with increased incidental associations, the subjects acquire more information, allowing them to separate the real saliences of the different stimuli. Therefore, ML evolves into “reality testing”(RT), a behavioral process that has been even less studied. These processes involve multiple brain regions and are characterized by accessible phases, making them perfect models to study the circuit-level regulation of complex behavior. By using genetic, pharmacological, imaging and mouse behavioral approaches (sensory preconditioning), HighMemory proposes to characterize at macro- (brain regions), meso- (cell-types) and micro-scale (activity changes), the causal involvement of hippocampo-cortical projections in higher-order conditioning processes. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
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