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224601 | Networking, partnerships and tools to enhance in situ conservation of european plant genetic resources | The overarching objective of Farmer’s Pride is to establish a network of stakeholders and conservation sites that effectively coordinates conservation actions to safeguard the wealth of Europe’s in situ plant genetic resources (PGR) and integrates the user community to maximize their sustainable use. Specifically, to address the challenge and scope of the SFS-04-2017 work programme, Farmer’s Pride will: a) build relationships between existing diverse PGR stakeholder networks, and where necessary create new partnerships to establish a unified network of stakeholders involved in PGR conservation and sustainable use; b) enhance existing knowledge of European landrace and crop wild relative genetic diversity and showcase how it can be effectively secured and managed; c) use social science and economic tools to establish the value of in situ PGR populations and individual traits, as well as a cost effective means of conserving them; d) use predictive characterization methods to identify valuable traits in in situ PGR populations, targeting those most vital for satisfying future agricultural and market needs; e) establish a mechanism to facilitate the flow of plant genetic material from in situ populations to the user community, both directly and via ex situ collections; f) develop and establish a durable governance and resourcing structure for the European network of in situ PGR conservation sites and stakeholders; g) promote public awareness of the value of PGR for agriculture and consumers; and h) design and implement a network of European sites and stakeholders that conserves the breadth of PGR diversity found in situ. Through these activities, Farmer’s Pride will result in significant strengthening of European capacities for the conservation, management and sustainable use of in situ PGR as a foundation for increased competitiveness in the farming and breeding sectors, and ultimately for long-term food and nutritional security in Europe. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
227458 | Operator Algebras and Conformal Field Theory | The project has two fundamental aims: A) Open new research horizons exploiting the interplay between Operator Algebras and Conformal Quantum Field Theory. B) Use Operator Algebraic methods for a deeper understanding of the internal structure of Conformal Quantum Field Theory, with a possible feedback for Operator Algebras. A) concerns two points in particular: - Find Noncommutative Geometrical structures associated with certain representations of Conformal Nets of von Neumann algebras and provide index theorems for quantum systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom in this framework. - Set up relations between Vertex Algebras and Local Conformal Nets and so provide new methods and results in each of these two subjects by importing and developing methods of the other subject. B) concerns in particular the analysis of following points, some motivated by A): - Structure and classification of conformal nets of von Neumann algebras on the circle and on two-dimensional spacetimes, and of their representations; in particular conformal supersymmetric models. - KMS and super-KMS functional structure in conformal models. - Boundary Conformal Field Theory, in particular regarding new thermalization effects. - Conformal subnet structure, in particular restrictions on the possible index values for conformal subnets. - Nuclearity and trace class properties for representations and modularity properties. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/nature12187 | Cloning of Dirac fermions in graphene superlattices | Superlattices have attracted great interest because their use may make it possible to modify the spectra of two-dimensional electron systems and, ultimately, create materials with tailored electronic properties. In previous studies (see, for example, refs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), it proved difficult to realize superlattices with short periodicities and weak disorder, and most of their observed features could be explained in terms of cyclotron orbits commensurate with the superlattice. Evidence for the formation of superlattice minibands (forming a fractal spectrum known as Hofstadter's butterfly) has been limited to the observation of new low-field oscillations and an internal structure within Landau levels. Here we report transport properties of graphene placed on a boron nitride substrate and accurately aligned along its crystallographic directions. The substrate's moiré potential acts as a superlattice and leads to profound changes in the graphene's electronic spectrum. Second-generation Dirac points appear as pronounced peaks in resistivity, accompanied by reversal of the Hall effect. The latter indicates that the effective sign of the charge carriers changes within graphene's conduction and valence bands. Strong magnetic fields lead to Zak-type cloning of the third generation of Dirac points, which are observed as numerous neutrality points in fields where a unit fraction of the flux quantum pierces the superlattice unit cell. Graphene superlattices such as this one provide a way of studying the rich physics expected in incommensurable quantum systems and illustrate the possibility of controllably modifying the electronic spectra of two-dimensional atomic crystals by varying their crystallographic alignment within van der Waals heterostuctures. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1480571106 | The Optimal Version of Hua's Fundamental Theorem of Geometry of Rectangular Matrices | Hua's fundamental theorem of geometry of matrices describes the general form of bijective maps on the space of all mi?½n matrices over a division ring D which preserve adjacency in both directions. Motivated by several applications the author studies a long standing open problem of possible improvements. There are three natural questions. Can we replace the assumption of preserving adjacency in both directions by the weaker assumption of preserving adjacency in one direction only and still get the same conclusion? Can we relax the bijectivity assumption? Can we obtain an analogous result for maps acting between the spaces of rectangular matrices of different sizes? A division ring is said to be EAS if it is not isomorphic to any proper subring. For matrices over EAS division rings the author solves all three problems simultaneously, thus obtaining the optimal version of Hua's theorem. In the case of general division rings he gets such an optimal result only for square matrices and gives examples showing that it cannot be extended to the non-square case. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
interreg_61 | Improving accessibility of services of general interest – organisational innovations in rural mountain areas | The maintainance of a spatially and socially equal accessibility to services of general interest (SGI) is a core issue to the functionality of mountain areas. However, the ongoing territorial concentration of SGI leads to a vicious circle of further deterioration in the quality of provision which in turn causes a decreasing demand in the existing services. The withdrawal of SGI has many negative consequences for the affected regions of which a reduced functionality, competitiveness and a higher amount of motorised mobility are the most pertinent. The ACCESS project therefore aims at improving the accessibility to SGI in sparsely populated, mountain areas mainly by finding new forms of organisation of SGI, using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and fostering demand oriented, integrated mobility systems. To achieve these ambitious goals, ACCESS builds on a transnational approach and on participatory methodologies to assess the specific demands of stakeholders on different levels. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
US 2004/0004593 W | POLY ALCOHOL-BASED BINDER COMPOSITION | The present invention provides a binder composition comprising a low molecular weight polycarboxylic acid, such as maleic anhydride, and a low molecular weight poly alcohol, such as polyvinyl alcohol, that exhibits improved cure performance with reduced emissions without sacrificing the performance of the final product or complication the manufacturing process. The binder composition may also incorporate a cure catalyst or accelerant such as sodium hypophosphite. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
898715 | Developing inclusive & sustainable creative economies | The DISCE (Developing Inclusive & Sustainable Creative Economies) project is set to improve and enhance the growth, inclusivity and sustainability of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) in the EU. Overall, the ambitious objectives of DISCE are: i) to support the development patterns of CCIs within the EU through research on new business models and inclusive growth; and ii) to re-shape understanding of what ‘inclusive and sustainable growth’ consists of in this context, shifting the CCIs (and CCIs policy) towards strategic goals of ‘cultural development’ that encompass both GDP and human flourishing. DISCE is an interdisciplinary, mixed-methods project that builds on three pillars: 1) Robust statistical analyses, mapping and development of new statistical indices for a better understanding of the inclusive and sustainable development of CCIs in Europe; 2) In-depth case studies developing rich findings and nuanced understanding of the Creative Economies and their ecologies; and 3) Active co-creation and interaction with stakeholders to validate the policy relevance of the project, as well as the policy outcomes and achieve long-term impact and sustainability. DISCE serves all the beneficiaries relevant research results, which will help and support stakeholders to fill existing information gaps in daily policy and decision-making processes. DISCE will bring out recommendations for actors how to react, function and decide in specific situations to promote inclusive growth and progress on the sustainable development in the field of CCIs. The DISCE Consortium has six partners: University of Turku (UTU) as the Coordinator, Kings College London (KCL), Social Science Area of the Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Stockholm School of Economics in Riga (SSE) as ‘Research Partners’ and two ‘Stakeholder Partners’ Culture & Media Agency aisbl (CUMEDIAE) and Trans European Halles (TEH) both with wide networks in the field of CCIs. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms8119 | Four decades of transmission of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak strain | The rise of drug-resistant strains is a major challenge to containing the tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Yet, little is known about the extent of resistance in early years of chemotherapy and when transmission of resistant strains on a larger scale became a major public health issue. Here we reconstruct the timeline of the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance during a major ongoing outbreak of multidrug-resistant TB in Argentina. We estimate that the progenitor of the outbreak strain acquired resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin and rifampicin by around 1973, indicating continuous circulation of a multidrug-resistant TB strain for four decades. By around 1979 the strain had acquired additional resistance to three more drugs. Our results indicate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with extensive resistance profiles circulated 15 years before the outbreak was detected, and about one decade before the earliest documented transmission of Mtb strains with such extensive resistance profiles globally. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/s11098-014-0370-4 | Backwards in Retrospect | In the title chapter of Did Darwin Write the Origin Backwards?, Sober argues for an asymmetry between facts about genealogy and facts about natural selection, which has the result that evidentially (but not causally) Darwin's book is the wrong way round. Here I make three points about Sober's argument in that chapter. First, it is not clear that Darwin employs what Sober calls 'tree thinking' as frequently as Sober himself suggests. Second, I argue that Darwin's reason for structuring the Origin as he did can be understood if we think of the Origin's argument as an inference to the best explanation. Third, I show circumstances where, even if selection is the only important evolutionary force, we would still be able to infer common ancestry. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.032 | GPS2 Deficiency Triggers Maladaptive White Adipose Tissue Expansion in Obesity via HIF1A Activation | Hypertrophic white adipose tissue (WAT) represents a maladaptive mechanism linked to the risk for developing type 2 diabetes in humans. However, the molecular events that predispose WAT to hypertrophy are poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that adipocyte hypertrophy is triggered by loss of the corepressor GPS2 during obesity. Adipocyte-specific GPS2 deficiency in mice (GPS2 AKO) causes adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction during surplus energy. This phenotype is driven by HIF1A activation that orchestrates inadequate WAT remodeling and disrupts mitochondrial activity, which can be reversed by pharmacological or genetic HIF1A inhibition. Correlation analysis of gene expression in human adipose tissue reveals a negative relationship between GPS2 and HIF1A, adipocyte hypertrophy, and insulin resistance. We propose therefore that the obesity-associated loss of GPS2 in adipocytes predisposes for a maladaptive WAT expansion and a pro-diabetic status in mice and humans. Drareni et al. identify a role for the transcriptional corepressor GPS2 in the regulation of adipocyte hypertrophy. They provide evidence that adipocyte-specific loss of GPS2 predisposes toward maladaptive adipose tissue expansion and pro-diabetic status through activation of HIF1A transcriptional activity. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1039/d0cc03779f | Steering alkyne homocoupling with on-surface synthesized metal–organic complexes | Multi-step on-surface synthesis: surface-supported synthesis of metal–organic complexes to control subsequent alkyne homocoupling reactions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.3389/fmolb.2017.00008 | Unveiling the metabolic changes on muscle cell metabolism underlying p-phenylenediamine toxicity | Rhabdomyolysis is a disorder characterized by acute damage of the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle leading to release of potentially toxic muscle cell components into the circulation, most notably creatine phosphokinase (CK) and myoglobulin, and is frequently accompanied by myoglobinuria. In the present work, we evaluated the toxicity of p-phenylenediamine (PPD), a main component of hair dyes which is reported to induce rhabdomyolysis. We studied the metabolic effect of this compound in vivo with Wistar rats and in vitro with C2C12 muscle cells. To this aim we have combined multi-omic experimental measurements with computational approaches using model-driven methods. The integrative study presented here has unveiled the metabolic disorders associated to PPD exposure that may underlay the aberrant metabolism observed in rhabdomyolys disease. Animals treated with lower doses of PPD (10 and 20 mg/kg) showed depressed activity and myoglobinuria after 10 h of treatment. We measured the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) in rats after 24, 48, and 72 h of PPD exposure. At all times, treatment with PPD at higher doses (40 and 60 mg/kg) showed an increase of AST and ALT, and also an increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CK after 24 h. Blood packed cell volume and hemoglobin levels, as well as organs weight at 48 and 72 h, were also measured. No significant differences were observed in these parameters under any condition. PPD induce cell cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis (40% or early apoptotic cells) on mus musculus mouse C2C12 cells after 24 h of treatment. Incubation of mus musculus mouse C2C12 cells with [1,2-13C2]-glucose during 24 h, subsequent quantification of 13C isotopologues distribution in key metabolites of glucose metabolic network and a computational fluxomic analysis using in-house developed software (Isodyn) showed that PPD is inhibiting glycolysis, non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen turnover, and ATPAse reaction leading to a reduction in ATP synthesis. These findings unveil the glucose metabolism collapse, which is consistent with a decrease in cell viability observed in PPD-treated C2C12 cells and with the myoglubinuria and other effects observed in Wistar Rats treated with PPD. These findings shed new light on muscle dysfunction associated to PPD exposure, opening new avenues for cost-effective therapies in Rhabdomyolysis disease. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2348246401 | A Refined Spatial Division of Freezing Injury to Litchi Base on Digital Elevation Model:A Case from Zhangzhou | The spatial models about winter extreme low temperature and 4 levels'(-2 Td≤0℃,-3 Td≤-2℃,-4 Td≤-3℃,Td -4℃) cold damage model were built,by using stepwise regression analysis and GIS technology,then the planting areas of Litchi in Zhangzhou were divided according to the grading index.The result showed that:1) the planting areas of Litchi in Zhangzhou were divided into slight freezing injury areas,mild freezing injury areas,moderate freezing injury areas,and severe freezing injury areas.Slight and mild freezing injury areas are consistent to real planting areas of Litchi;2) slight and mild freezing injury areas are located in the southeast and northwest of Zhangzhou with low mountain and hills,moderate and severe freezing injury areas are located in the west parts with higher mountains. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2776083 | Adaptive Transceiver Design For C Ran In Mmwave Communications | An adaptive array design is proposed for hybrid beamforming in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications in the context of cloud radio access networks (C-RAN). More explicitly, the adaptive design focuses on the physical layer aspect of C-RAN. The adaptation is performed at two levels, depending on whether the channel is of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) nature. First, the antenna array architecture can be adapted between a fully connected and a sub-array-connected architecture. Then, the employment of a digital precoder in the baseband is decided based on both the channel conditions and the architecture employed. We show that the proposed adaptive design performs better than the fully connected and sub-array-connected constituent designs, when the channel varies between LOS and NLOS scenarios. Then, we extend our proposed adaptive design to mmWave communications in the context of C-RAN, where we propose an adaptive virtual cell formation algorithm, where a user can be connected to one or two remote radio heads, depending on the channel conditions. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
948528 | Tracing epigenetic evolution of triple-negative breast cancer towards chemo-resistance | The emergence of resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies is a major challenge for the treatment of cancer. While several genetic mechanisms driving resistance processes have been discovered, non-genetic mechanisms have also been shown to contribute to drug resistance. Yet, our restricted understanding of epigenetic evolution has so far limited our ability to modulate resistance using epigenetic modifiers. With ChromTrace, our goal is to reconstruct and define the contribution of epigenetic evolution to chemo-resistance in triple-negative breast tumors. In this aggressive sub-type of breast cancer, chemotherapy is the standard of care, but chemo-resistance remains the major unmet clinical need. We will explore the heterogeneity of H3K27me3chromatin states - key determinant of cell identity - in tumor cells, study how they are transmitted and determine whether they are associated to the resistance phenotype.
Combining lineage tracing and targeted sequencing to our original single-cell chromatin profiling approach, we will reconstruct the dynamics of chromatin features over time in the context of genetic evolution. In parallel, using a live-cell microscopy reporter system, we will evaluate the association of recurrent chromatin features with the resistance phenotype and elucidate mechanisms of epigenetic tumor evolution. Our results on the heritability and plasticity of chromatin landscapes will have strong impact on our understanding of epigenetic evolution in cancer. Our long-term goal is to build on this integrated appreciation of molecular tumor evolution processes to propose novel therapeutic strategies to control resistance to chemotherapy. Finally, our approaches being applicable to any dynamic biological system, ChromTrace opens the perspective to study evolution of chromatin landscapes not only in other types of cancer and disease, but also during normal development. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W3097255860 | Impact of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of guava (Psidium guajava L.) | Guava is an important fruit crop with regards to its nutritional and commercial value. Production and productivity are the prime concern of the researchers and farmers throughout the world. Looking to the cumulative toxic effects of inorganic fertilizers and chemicals used in maximizing the production and productivity, Integrated Nutrient Management is an effective measure. Keeping these facts in view, an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of KVK Majhgawan, distt. Satna, MP. with an objective of studying the effect of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers on growthand yield of guava, to find out the best treatment combination of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers for increasing the growth and yield of guava. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments replicated thrice. It was concluded from the experiment that treatment T5 (100% recommended dose of NPK + 50kg FYM + 150g Azotobacter + 100g PSB) gave the best results as far as growth, flowering, fruiting, yield and Quality. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.spa.2017.03.008 | On the asymptotic normality of estimating the affine preferential attachment network models with random initial degrees | We consider the estimation of the affine parameter and power-law exponent in the preferential attachment model with random initial degrees. We derive the likelihood, and show that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is asymptotically normal and efficient. We also propose a quasi-maximum-likelihood estimator (QMLE) to overcome the MLE's dependence on the history of the initial degrees. To demonstrate the power of our idea, we present numerical simulations. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1090/memo/1206 | Mathematical study of degenerate boundary layers: A large scale ocean circulation problem | This paper is concerned with a complete asymptotic analysis as E → 0 of the stationary Munk equation ∂xψ - EΔ2ψ = τ in a domain Ω ⊂ R2, supplemented with boundary conditions for ψ and ∂nψ. This equation is a simple model for the circulation of currents in closed basins, the variables x and y being respectively the longitude and the latitude. A crude analysis shows that as E → 0, the weak limit of ψ satisfies the so-called Sverdrup transport equation inside the domain, namely ∂xψ0 = τ, while boundary layers appear in the vicinity of the boundary. These boundary layers, which are the main center of interest of the present paper, exhibit several types of peculiar behaviour. First, the size of the boundary layer on the western and eastern boundary, which had already been computed by several authors, becomes formally very large as one approaches northern and southern portions of the boudary, i. e. pieces of the boundary on which the normal is vertical. This phenomenon is known as geostrophic degeneracy. In order to avoid such singular behaviour, previous studies imposed restrictive assumptions on the domain Ω and on the forcing term τ . Here, we prove that a superposition of two boundary layers occurs in the vicinity of such points: The classical western or eastern boundary layers, and some northern or southern boundary layers, whose mathematical derivation is completely new. The size of northern/southern boundary layers is much larger than the one of western boundary layers (E1/4 vs. E1/3). We explain in detail how the superposition takes place, depending on the geometry of the boundary. Moreover, when the domain Ω is not connex in the x direction, ψ0 is not continuous in Ω, and singular layers appear in order to correct its discontinuities. These singular layers are concentrated in the vicinity of horizontal lines, and therefore penetrate the interior of the domain Ω. Hence we exhibit some kind of boundary layer separation. However, we emphasize that we remain able to prove a convergence theorem, so that the singular layers somehow remain stable, in spite of the separation. Eventually, the effect of boundary layers is non-local in several aspects. On the first hand, for algebraic reasons, the boundary layer equation is radically different on the west and east parts of the boundary. As a consequence, the Sverdrup equation is endowed with a Dirichlet condition on the East boundary, and no condition on the West boundary. Therefore western and eastern boundary layers have in fact an influence on the whole domain Ω, and not only near the boundary. On the second hand, the northern and southern boundary layer profiles obey a propagation equation, where the space variable x plays the role of time, and are therefore not local. | [
"Mathematics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
819179 | Canonical and Non-canonical modes of Chromosome Segregation in Oocyte Meiosis | Cell division is crucial for the development of complex organisms, for the homeostasis of tissues, and for the reproductive capacity of individuals. While most somatic cells are diploid and proliferate through mitosis, multiplication of sexually reproducing species relies on haploid gametes that are generated through a specialized cell division process called meiosis. To achieve this reduction in ploidy, two rounds of chromosome segregation follow a single phase of genome replication. Inaccuracy in this process leads to gametes that carry an incorrect number of chromosomes and to aneuploid embryos after fertilization. In their vast majority, these are non-viable and lead to spontaneous abortion: defective meiotic division is therefore a major obstacle in achieving reproduction. However, the key principles that drive this process are still poorly understood, one main reason being the diversity of the molecular scenarios that have been adopted across evolution to regulate oocyte chromosome segregation.
To dissect the key components of oocyte meiotic chromosome segregation, we propose to carry out a multi-disciplinary approach, combining several nematode species with the use of high-resolution live and electron microscopy, cutting edge genomic and proteomic technologies, and biochemistry coupled to in silico modeling. In Work Package 1 (WP1), we will analyze the molecular mechanisms controlling the self-assembly of the chromosome segregation machinery -the meiotic spindle- in the oocyte. WP2 will focus on defining how chromosome segregation is achieved in oocytes with non-canonical kinetochore geometry. WP3 aims at analyzing meiotic divisions in parthenogenetic nematodes with specific meiotic constraints, such as centrosomal oogenesis and unichromosomal genomes. By considering the wealth of mechanisms that can drive chromosome segregation in oocytes, this project will provide decisive steps towards understanding the essential and universal features of female meiosis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
FR 2010052923 W | FLOOR | The invention relates to a floor (1) including a plurality of beams (2) and a screed (5) that is located above said beams, characterized in that said floor includes at least one casing (3), held by two of said adjacent beams, and an interjoist (4), held by said casing, said casing and said interjoist defining a space therebetween. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.003 | Forward Genetic Screens in Zebrafish Identify Pre-mRNA-Processing Pathways Regulating Early T Cell Development | Lymphocytes represent basic components of vertebrate adaptive immune systems, suggesting the utility of non-mammalian models to define the molecular basis of their development and differentiation. Our forward genetic screens in zebrafish for recessive mutations affecting early T cell development revealed several major genetic pathways. The identification of lineage-specific transcription factors and specific components of cytokine signaling and DNA replication and/or repair pathways known from studies of immunocompromised mammals provided an evolutionary cross-validation of the screen design. Unexpectedly, however, genes encoding proteins required for pre-mRNA processing were enriched in the collection of mutants identified here. In both zebrafish and mice, deficiency of the splice regulator TNPO3 impairs intrathymic T cell differentiation, illustrating the evolutionarily conserved and cell-type-specific functions of certain pre-mRNA-processing factors for T cell development. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.06.010 | Isolation and analyses of axonal ribonucleoprotein complexes | Cytoskeleton-dependent RNA transport and local translation in axons are gaining increased attention as key processes in the maintenance and functioning of neurons. Specific axonal transcripts have been found to play roles in many aspects of axonal physiology including axon guidance, axon survival, axon to soma communication, injury response and regeneration. This axonal transcriptome requires long-range transport that is achieved by motor proteins carrying transcripts as messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes along microtubules. Other than transport, the mRNP complex plays a major role in the generation, maintenance, and regulation of the axonal transcriptome. Identification of axonal RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and analyses of the dynamics of their mRNPs are of high interest to the field. Here, we describe methods for the study of interactions between RNA and proteins in axons. First, we describe a protocol for identifying binding proteins for an RNA of interest by using RNA affinity chromatography. Subsequently, we discuss immunoprecipitation (IP) methods allowing the dissection of protein-RNA and protein-protein interactions in mRNPs under various physiological conditions. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/C3OB26251K | Protein Destabilisation By Ruthenium Ii Tris Bipyridine Based Protein Surface Mimetics | Highly functionalised ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridine receptor 1 which acts as a selective sensor for equine cytochrome c (cyt c) is shown to destabilise the native protein conformation by around 25 °C. Receptors 2 and 3 do not exert this effect confirming the behaviour is a specific effect of molecular recognition between 1 and cyt c, whilst the absence of a destabilising effect on 60% acetylated cyt c demonstrates the behaviour of 1 to be protein specific. Molecular recognition also modifies the conformational properties of the target protein at room temperature as evidenced by ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and accelerated trypsin proteolysis. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/nature16059 | Undecidability of the spectral gap | The spectral gap - the energy difference between the ground state and first excited state of a system - is central to quantum many-body physics. Many challenging open problems, such as the Haldane conjecture, the question of the existence of gapped topological spin liquid phases, and the Yang-Mills gap conjecture, concern spectral gaps. These and other problems are particular cases of the general spectral gap problem: given the Hamiltonian of a quantum many-body system, is it gapped or gapless? Here we prove that this is an undecidable problem. Specifically, we construct families of quantum spin systems on a two-dimensional lattice with translationally invariant, nearest-neighbour interactions, for which the spectral gap problem is undecidable. This result extends to undecidability of other low-energy properties, such as the existence of algebraically decaying ground-state correlations. The proof combines Hamiltonian complexity techniques with aperiodic tilings, to construct a Hamiltonian whose ground state encodes the evolution of a quantum phase-estimation algorithm followed by a universal Turing machine. The spectral gap depends on the outcome of the corresponding 'halting problem'. Our result implies that there exists no algorithm to determine whether an arbitrary model is gapped or gapless, and that there exist models for which the presence or absence of a spectral gap is independent of the axioms of mathematics. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.95.134433 | Voltage-controlled nanoscale reconfigurable magnonic crystal | A nanoscale reconfigurable magnonic crystal is designed using voltage-controlled perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in ferromagnetic-dielectric heterostructures. A periodic array of gate metallic strips is placed on top of a MgO/Co structure in order to apply a periodic electric field and to modify the PMA in Co. It is numerically demonstrated that the introduction of PMA, which can be realized experimentally via applying a voltage, modifies the spin-wave propagation and leads to the formation of band gaps in the spin-wave spectrum. The band gaps can be controlled, i. e. , it is possible to switch band gaps on and off within a few tens of nanoseconds. The width and the center frequency of the band gaps are defined by the applied voltage. Finally, it is shown that the introduction of PMA to selected, rather than to all gate strips allows for a predefined modification of the band-gap spectra. The proposed voltage-controlled reconfigurable magnonic crystal opens a way to low power consumption magnonic applications. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/srep16571 | Disease-induced resource constraints can trigger explosive epidemics | Advances in mathematical epidemiology have led to a better understanding of the risks posed by epidemic spreading and informed strategies to contain disease spread. However, a challenge that has been overlooked is that, as a disease becomes more prevalent, it can limit the availability of the capital needed to effectively treat those who have fallen ill. Here we use a simple mathematical model to gain insight into the dynamics of an epidemic when the recovery of sick individuals depends on the availability of healing resources that are generated by the healthy population. We find that epidemics spiral out of control into "explosive" spread if the cost of recovery is above a critical cost. This can occur even when the disease would die out without the resource constraint. The onset of explosive epidemics is very sudden, exhibiting a discontinuous transition under very general assumptions. We find analytical expressions for the critical cost and the size of the explosive jump in infection levels in terms of the parameters that characterize the spreading process. Our model and results apply beyond epidemics to contagion dynamics that self-induce constraints on recovery, thereby amplifying the spreading process. | [
"Mathematics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
EP 95112649 A | Spray apparatus for bottle cleaning machine | The arrangement incorporates a tube (1) to which cleaning fluid is fed under pressure. A shaft is mounted at a short distance from and parallel with the tube. The shaft is supported by bearing blocks (3) on the tube. Spray holes (5) in the shaft are connected to the tube by plastics seals (6) which are mounted between the shaft and the tube. The seals (6) have a tubular shape and have protruding parts which engage with openings in the tube. There is an annular space (7) between the protruding part and the outside of the seal, in which a ring-shaped elastomer lip seal (8) is mounted. The lip seal provides a fluid seal between the tube (1) and the seal (6). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1981287510 | Single-Incision Sleeve Gastrectomy Using a Novel Technique for Liver Retraction | INTRODUCTION Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has rapidly gained popularity in the field of bariatric surgery, mainly due to its low morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, 4 to 6 trocars are used. Single-access surgery has emerged as an attempt to decrease incisional morbidity and enhance cosmetic benefits. We present our initial 7 patients undergoing single-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy using a novel technique for liver retraction. METHODS Patients who underwent single-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy between March 2009 and May 2009 were analyzed. A 4-cm left paramedian incision was used. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed in a standard fashion using a 40 French bougie. RESULTS Seven patients underwent single-incision sleeve gastrectomy at the University of Illinois at Chicago. They were all female with a mean age of 34 years. Preoperative BMI was 49 kg/m² (range, 39 to 64). There were no intraoperative complications. Mean operative time was 103 minutes. Estimated blood loss was minimal. All 7 patients were discharged on postoperative day 2 and were doing well without any complications at 3.1 ± 0.7 months after surgery. CONCLUSION Single-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is safe and feasible and can be performed without changing the existing principles of the procedure. Our technique for internal liver retraction provides adequate exposure and is reproducible. Development of improved standard instrumentation is required for this technique to become popular. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2038787158 | Synthesis of 2-(3-methyl-2-oxoquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide-based azetidinone derivatives as potent antibacterial and antifungal agents | Twelve compounds belonging to series N-[3-chloro-2-oxo-4-(substituted)phenylazetidin-1-yl]-2-(3-methyl-2-oxoquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide (5a–l) were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and antifungal activity against C. albicans, A. niger and A. flavus by cup-plate method. Structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their spectral data interpretation. Compound 5g having p-dimethylaminophenyl group on 4-position of azetidinone ring attached to N-atom of acetamido group on 1-position of 3-methyl-1H-quinoxaline-2-one, was found to be active against all the bacterial and fungal strains under investigation. A new series of compounds belonging to N-[3-chloro-2-oxo-4-(substituted) phenylazetidin-1-yl]-2-(3-methyl-2-oxoquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide was synthesized and all the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1647496226 | P-glycoprotein(ABCB1)inhibited network of mitochondrion transport along microtubule and BMP signal-induced cell shape in chimpanzee left cerebrum by systems-theoretical analysis | We constructed the significant low-expression P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) inhibited transport and signal network in chimpanzee compared with high-expression (fold change ≥2) the human left cerebrum in GEO data set, by using integration of gene regulatory activated and inhibited network inference method with gene ontology (GO) analysis. Our result showed that ABCB1 transport and signal upstream network RAB2A inhibited ABCB1, and downstream ABCB1-inhibited SMAD1_2, NCK2, SLC25A46, GDF10, RASGRP1, EGFR, LRPPRC, RASSF2, RASA4, CA2, CBLB, UBR5, SLC25A16, ITGB3BP, DDIT4, PDPN, RAB2A in chimpanzee left cerebrum. We obtained that the different biological processes of ABCB1 inhibited transport and signal network repressed carbon dioxide transport, ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, folic acid transport, mitochondrion transport along microtubule, water transport, BMP signaling pathway, Ras protein signal transduction, transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway in chimpanzee compared with the inhibited network of the human left cerebrum, as a result of inducing inhibition of mitochondrion transport along microtubule and BMP signal-induced cell shape in chimpanzee left cerebrum. Our hypothesis was verified by the same and different biological processes of ABCB1 inhibited transport and signal network of chimpanzee compared with the corresponding activated network of chimpanzee and the human left cerebrum, respectively. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.4476/73599 | Philosophical Issues In Transitional Justice Theory A Provisional Balance | Transitional justice is becoming more and more an interdisciplinary field of study with interesting developments, not only in the assessment of a wide number of casestudies, but also in the evaluation of increasingly more articulated theoretical problems. Undoubtedly, a robust collection of literature has now accumulated also on the more theoretically-oriented side. The present essay, far from aiming at an exhaustive reconstruction of the existing literature, is structured around some conceptual issues that consider the convergence of philosophical, legal and political aspects of transitional phenomena. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W374401512 | Educational Innovation in the Computer Architecture Area | Abstract In the present work authors give a detailed description of the previously performed analysis carried out to formulate a concrete educational innovation project proposal in the area of the Computer Architecture, more specifically, in the Computer Structure and Architecture sub-module. That project was submitted to the competitive Educational Innovation Projects Call 2013-2015 of the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU, Spain), and fortunately, it was elected and granted by the Education Advisory Service of the same university. This project follows the the way started by another similar project but in other knowledge area of Electronics in the same University College. In this paper, the specific problems of the Computer Structure and Architecture sub-module in the University College of Vitoria-Gasteiz (that is the place where it is being carried out) are analyzed, the framework in a wide sense is described (University, University College and syllabus) and the specificities of the current project are explained. All the analysis is done taking into account the competences point of view (both specific for each subject and transversal for the degree). | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1021/bk-2019-1326.ch001 | Atomic-Scale Representation and Statistical Learning of Tensorial Properties | This chapter discusses the importance of incorporating three-dimensional symmetries in the context of statistical learning models geared towards the interpolation of the tensorial properties of atomic-scale structures. We focus on Gaussian process regression, and in particular on the construction of structural representations, and the associated kernel functions, that are endowed with the geometric covariance properties compatible with those of the learning targets. We summarize the general formulation of such a symmetry-adapted Gaussian process regression model, and how it can be implemented based on a scheme that generalizes the popular smooth overlap of atomic positions representation. We give examples of the performance of this framework when learning the polarizability, the hyperpolarizability, and the ground-state electron density of a molecule. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/nbt.2942 | An integrated catalog of reference genes in the human gut microbiome | Many analyses of the human gut microbiome depend on a catalog of reference genes. Existing catalogs for the human gut microbiome are based on samples from single cohorts or on reference genomes or protein sequences, which limits coverage of global microbiome diversity. Here we combined 249 newly sequenced samples of the Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHit) project with 1,018 previously sequenced samples to create a cohort from three continents that is at least threefold larger than cohorts used for previous gene catalogs. From this we established the integrated gene catalog (IGC) comprising 9,879,896 genes. The catalog includes close-to-complete sets of genes for most gut microbes, which are also of considerably higher quality than in previous catalogs. Analyses of a group of samples from Chinese and Danish individuals using the catalog revealed country-specific gut microbial signatures. This expanded catalog should facilitate quantitative characterization of metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic data from the gut microbiome to understand its variation across populations in human health and disease. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.047 | Deformation mechanism of ω-enriched Ti-Nb-based gum metal: Dislocation channeling and deformation induced ω-β transformation | Gum metal, a class of multifunctional β titanium alloys, has attracted much attention in the past decade due to its initially-proposed dislocation-free deformation mechanism based on giant faults, i. e. , macroscopic planar defects carrying significant plastic strain. Special deformation features were observed in these alloys, such as plastic flow localization, pronounced surface steps, low work hardening, and large elongation. These were all proposed to arise from the special giant fault mechanism activated in the β-Ti matrix, while the initial presence or mechanically-induced formation of other phases was debated in several follow-up studies. Here, we set off with Ti-Nb-based gum metal samples with confirmed presence of large amounts of nanometer-sized hexagonal ω particles. Deformation experiments demonstrate all the features observed in the original reports, mentioned above. However, careful characterization reveals that the deformation bands (similar to giant faults) where plastic flow localized are "dislocation channels" that are depleted of ω phase. These channels are proposed to form by a {1 1 2}<1 1 1> dislocation dissociation mechanism, promoting reverse transformation of the ω phase into the β phase. The deformation induced ω-β transformation and the associated dislocation channeling process can explain the presence of the aforementioned special deformation features in the current gum metal. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1177/2167702616658634 | Social Acknowledgment Of Violent Experiences And Its Role In Ptsd And Appetitive Aggression Among High Risk Males In South Africa | Violence exposure poses a risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and appetitive aggression. Does acknowledgment of violent experiences by one’s social environment also affect these adverse c. . . | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.aba8526 | Highly energy-tunable quantum light from moiré-trapped excitons | Photon antibunching, a hallmark of quantum light, has been observed in the correlations of light from isolated atomic and atomic-like solid-state systems. Two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures offer a unique method to create a quantum light source: Moiré trapping potentials for excitons are predicted to create arrays of quantum emitters. While signatures of moiré-trapped excitons have been observed, their quantum nature has yet to be confirmed. Here, we report photon antibunching from single moiré-trapped interlayer excitons in a heterobilayer. Via magneto-optical spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the discrete anharmonic spectra arise from bound band-edge electron-hole pairs trapped in moiré potentials. Last, we exploit the large permanent dipole of interlayer excitons to achieve large direct current (DC) Stark tuning up to 40 meV. Our results confirm the quantum nature of moiré-confined excitons and open opportunities to investigate their inhomogeneity and interactions between the emitters or energetically tune single emitters into resonance with cavity modes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
Q4867333 | DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE CONNECTION TECHNOLOGIES WITH ANTI-SEISMIC CHARACTERISTICS (SITECA) | EDILMATIC PRODUCES ANCHORING SYSTEMS INTENDED FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS FOR BOTH TRADITIONAL AND INDUSTRIALISED CONSTRUCTION, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO ANTISISMICHE CHARACTERISTICS.THE PROJECT COVERED BY THIS APPLICATION IS AN EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT INHERENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A RANGE OF INNOVATIVE CONNECTORS WITH ANTI-SEISMIC CHARACTERISTICS INTENDED FOR THE PREFABRICATED INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRY MARKET. THE PROJECT WILL HAVE AS ITS OBJECTIVE: (1) THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE ‘PILLAR BEAM CONNECTOR’ WITH SEISMIC DISSIPATION CHARACTERISTICS TO BE PRESENTED ON THE MARKET OF MULTI-STOREY PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS, (2) EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND THE STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF EDILMATIC CONNECTORS AND DEVICES IN THE LIGHT OF THE MOST RECENT ANTI-SEISMIC REGULATIONS. THE PROJECT INVOLVES THE DESIGN, THE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, THE PRODUCTION OF PROTOTYPES AND THE VALIDATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE ANS. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1156714629 | Role of Animal Models in Coronary Stenting | Coronary angioplasty initially employed balloon dilatation only. This technique revolutionized the treatment of coronary artery disease, although outcomes were compromised by acute vessel closure, late constrictive remodeling, and restenosis due to neointimal proliferation. These processes were studied in animal models, which contributed to understanding the biology of endovascular arterial injury. Coronary stents overcome acute recoil, with improvements in the design and metallurgy since then, leading to the development of drug-eluting stents and bioresorbable scaffolds. These devices now undergo computer modeling and benchtop and animal testing before evaluation in clinical trials. Animal models, including rabbit, sheep, dog and pig are available, all with individual benefits and limitations. In smaller mammals, such as mouse and rabbit, the target for stenting is generally the aorta; whereas in larger animals, such as the pig, it is generally the coronary artery. The pig coronary stenting model is a gold-standard for evaluating safety; but insights into biomechanical properties, the biology of stenting, and efficacy in controlling neointimal proliferation can also be gained. Intra-coronary imaging modalities such as intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography allow precise serial evaluation in vivo, and recent developments in genetically modified animal models of atherosclerosis provide realistic test beds for future stents and scaffolds. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1257/jep.30.3.141 | Mindful Economics: The Production, Consumption, and Value of Beliefs | In this paper, we provide a perspective into the main ideas and findings emerging from the growing literature on motivated beliefs and reasoning. This perspective emphasizes that beliefs often fulfill important psychological and functional needs of the individual. Economically relevant examples include confidence in ones' abilities, moral self-esteem, hope and anxiety reduction, social identity, political ideology, and religious faith. People thus hold certain beliefs in part because they attach value to them, as a result of some (usually implicit) tradeoff between accuracy and desirability. In a sense, we propose to treat beliefs as regular economic goods and assets—which people consume, invest in, reap returns from, and produce, using the informational inputs they receive or have access to. Such beliefs will be resistant to many forms of evidence, with individuals displaying non-Bayesian behaviors such as not wanting to know, wishful thinking, and reality denial. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1145/3341692 | Approximate Normalization For Gradual Dependent Types | Dependent types help programmers write highly reliable code. However, this reliability comes at a cost: it can be challenging to write new prototypes in (or migrate old code to) dependently-typed programming languages. Gradual typing makes static type disciplines more flexible, so an appropriate notion of gradual dependent types could fruitfully lower this cost. However, dependent types raise unique challenges for gradual typing. Dependent typechecking involves the execution of program code, but gradually-typed code can signal runtime type errors or diverge. These runtime errors threaten the soundness guarantees that make dependent types so attractive, while divergence spoils the type-driven programming experience. This paper presents GDTL, a gradual dependently-typed language that emphasizes pragmatic dependently-typed programming. GDTL fully embeds both an untyped and dependently-typed language, and allows for smooth transitions between the two. In addition to gradual types we introduce gradual terms, which allow the user to be imprecise in type indices and to omit proof terms; runtime checks ensure type safety. To account for nontermination and failure, we distinguish between compile-time normalization and run-time execution: compile-time normalization is approximate but total, while runtime execution is exact, but may fail or diverge. We prove that GDTL has decidable typechecking and satisfies all the expected properties of gradual languages. In particular, GDTL satisfies the static and dynamic gradual guarantees: reducing type precision preserves typedness, and altering type precision does not change program behavior outside of dynamic type failures. To prove these properties, we were led to establish a novel normalization gradual guarantee that captures the monotonicity of approximate normalization with respect to imprecision. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-94-007-0735-1_5 | The Particle Finite Element Method For Multi Fluid Flows | This paper presents the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) and its application to multi-fluid flows. Key features of the method are the use of a Lagrangian description to model the motion of the fluid particles (nodes) and that all the information is associated to the particles. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain where the governing equations, expressed in an integral form, are solved as in the standard FEM. We have extended the method to problems involving several different fluids with the aim of exploiting the fact that Lagrangian methods are specially well suited for tracking any kind of interfaces. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
EP 96309442 A | Debug apparatus and method for debugging game program in ROM cartridge | In a developing environment, a game program exists in a product ROM and a debug program exists in another ROM which is a test ROM. The debug program includes a time adjusting program and cther debug routine programs. The game program includes some statements for the debug program. When a ROM cartridge is produced as a product ROM cartridge, the test ROM is detached from the ROM cartridge and the statements for the debug program are deleted from the game program in the product ROM. The deleted area in the product ROM is left as an unusable area. However, the deleted area is very few, because the size of the statements for debug program is much fewer than the size of the debug program. Therefore, the game program is able to use almost all product ROM area. <IMAGE> | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.175502 | Dynamics and dissipation induced by single-electron tunneling in carbon nanotube nanoelectromechanical systems | We demonstrate the effect of single-electron tunneling (SET) through a carbon nanotube quantum dot on its nanomechanical motion. We find that the frequency response and the dissipation of the nanoelectromechanical system to SET strongly depends on the electronic environment of the quantum dot, in particular, on the total dot capacitance and the tunnel coupling to the metal contacts. Our findings suggest that one could achieve quality factors of 106 or higher by choosing appropriate gate dielectrics and/or by improving the tunnel coupling to the leads. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
866345 | Exploiting the DNA damage response to induce degradation of proteins | Here I propose to use small molecules to degrade proteins specifically around sites of DNA damage by using the damage itself as a homing signal. The approach will create new ways to study DNA damage, but will also offer translational possibilities in cancer. Cancer cells are often acutely sensitive to DNA damage because they have one or more faulty DNA damage response (DDR) pathways – a feature that makes them highly dependent on their remaining DNA repair systems. We will pioneer two novel and related chemical approaches for selectively killing cancer cells by modulating DDR pathways with bifunctional DNA damaging molecules. We will do this by reprogramming E3 ligases. E3 ligases are modular multi-protein complexes that destabilize cellular proteins by catalysing the formation of polyubiquitin chains on its substrates, which serve as a signal for proteasomal degradation. A recent revolutionary advance in chemical biology is to use small molecules to reprogram the protein degradation specificity of E3 ligases. By degrading proteins instead of inhibiting them, these small molecules achieve levels of functional modulation typically only possible with genetic techniques. We are inspired by this new protein degradation technology, but will take it in a new direction. Chemical damage of DNA recruits E3 ligases as well as critical DDR proteins in preparation for DNA repair. We will invent a new generation of small molecule protein degradation catalysts by repurposing these natural responses to DNA damage.
We will accomplish our goal with three aims:
Aim 1: Use DNA damage as a homing signal for induced protein degradation
Aim 2: Use direct repair of DNA damage by the repair protein MGMT to promote the degradation of other proteins
Aim 3: Promote pleiotropic protein degradation by recruiting broadly acting E3 ligases to sites of DNA damage
I propose an ambitious project that will create conceptually novel ways to study the DDR and potentially build new medicines. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0029557 | Intentional binding is driven by the mere presence of an action and not by motor prediction | Intentional binding refers to the fact that when a voluntary action produces a sensory outcome, action and outcome are perceived as being closer together in time. This phenomenon is often attributed, at least partially, to predictive motor mechanisms. However, previous studies failed to unequivocally attribute intentional binding to these mechanisms, since the contrasts that have been used to demonstrate intentional binding covered not only one but two processes: temporal control and motor identity prediction. In the present study we aimed to isolate the respective role of each of these processes in the emergence of intentional binding of action-effects. The results show that motor identity prediction does not modulate intentional binding of action-effects. Our findings cast doubts on the assumption that intentional binding of action effects is linked to internal forward predictive process. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00304 | Asymmetric Preparation of Polysubstituted Cyclopropanes Based on Direct Functionalization of Achiral Three-Membered Carbocycles | In addition to the appealing synthetic transformations that cyclopropanes present, they are also part of larger molecular structures that possess a wide range of biological properties. Therefore, the preparation of enantiomerically enriched cyclopropanes has consistently been a very interesting research topic in organic synthesis. In this Focus Review, we are presenting new methods for the synthesis of these target compounds through catalytic and asymmetric direct functionalization of simple achiral three-membered carbocycle precursors. These convergent and very flexible approaches allow the preparation of a large variety of polysubstituted alkyl-, vinyl-, alkynyl-, and arylcyclopropanes but also cyclopropanols and cyclopropylamines in very high diastereo- and enantiomeric ratios from a single precursor, underlining the power of this synthetic route. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.054 | Control of disease tolerance to malaria by nitric oxide and carbon monoxide | Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are gasotransmitters that suppress the development of severe forms of malaria associated with Plasmodium infection. Here, we addressed the mechanism underlying their protective effect against experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), a severe form of malaria that develops in Plasmodium-infected mice, which resembles, in many aspects, human cerebral malaria (CM). NO suppresses the pathogenesis of ECM via a mechanism involving (1) the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2), (2) induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and (3)CO production via heme catabolism by HO-1. The protection afforded by NO is associated with inhibition of CD4+ T helper (TH) and CD8+ cytotoxic (TC) Tcell activation in response to Plasmodium infection via a mechanism involving HO-1 and CO. The protective effect of NO and CO is not associated with modulation of host pathogen load, suggesting that these gasotransmitters establish a crosstalk-conferring disease tolerance to Plasmodium infection. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1764033598 | A portable and wide energy range semiconductor-based neutron spectrometer | Hand-held instruments that can be used to passively detect and identify sources of neutron radiation—either bare or obscured by neutron moderating and/or absorbing material(s)—in real time are of interest in a variety of nuclear non-proliferation and health physics applications. Such an instrument must provide a means to high intrinsic detection efficiency and energy-sensitive measurements of free neutron fields, for neutrons ranging from thermal energies to the top end of the evaporation spectrum. To address and overcome the challenges inherent to the aforementioned applications, four solid-state moderating-type neutron spectrometers of varying cost, weight, and complexity have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The motivation of this work is to introduce these novel human-portable instruments by discussing the fundamental theory of their operation, investigating and analyzing the principal considerations for optimal instrument design, and evaluating the capability of each of the four fabricated spectrometers to meet the application needs. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.165 | Interplay between the potential waveform and diffusion layer dynamics determines the time-response of voltammetric detection in microchannels | The diffusion layer is a critical factor affecting the temporal response of electrochemical devices. In this article, we have investigated the effect of the relaxation of the diffusion layer during the potentiodynamic sensing of ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH) in microchannels and compared these results to amperometry. First, the effect of the relaxation of the diffusion layer is described, both theoretically and experimentally. Then, chronoamperometric and voltammetric measurements were considered, and the rate of current increase as a plug of FcMeOH is injected into the device was studied for both cases. It was found that, for the oxidation of FcMeOH, the waveform maximising the duration of the anodic phase provided an improved response for potentiodynamic methods, even though amperometry was always found to show the best results. This was further established by extracting the impulse response and modulation transfer functions, which characterize the time and frequency responses, respectively, of the fluidic/electrochemical system. These findings can help designing potential waveforms improving the time response of the device, in systems where high temporal resolution is needed. This is particularly appropriate to bioelectrochemical analyses, where release and uptake phenomena can occur on the millisecond timescale. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4939-8769-6_4 | 13 C Tracer Analysis And Metabolomics In 3D Cultured Cancer Cells | Metabolomics and 13C tracer analysis are state-of-the-art techniques that allow determining the concentration of metabolites and the activity of metabolic pathways, respectively. Three dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells constitute an enriched in vitro environment that can be used to assay anchorage-independent growth, spheroid formation, and extracellular matrix production by (cancer) cells. Here, we describe how to perform metabolomics and 13C tracer analysis in 3D cultures of cancer cells. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms11356 | Scalable photonic network architecture based on motional averaging in room temperature gas | Quantum interfaces between photons and atomic ensembles have emerged as powerful tools for quantum technologies. Efficient storage and retrieval of single photons requires long-lived collective atomic states, which is typically achieved with immobilized atoms. Thermal atomic vapours, which present a simple and scalable resource, have only been used for continuous variable processing or for discrete variable processing on short timescales where atomic motion is negligible. Here we develop a theory based on motional averaging to enable room temperature discrete variable quantum memories and coherent single-photon sources. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to scalable quantum memories with a proof-of-principle experiment with room temperature atoms contained in microcells with spin-protecting coating, placed inside an optical cavity. The experimental conditions correspond to a few photons per pulse and a long coherence time of the forward scattered photons is demonstrated, which is the essential feature of the motional averaging. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2075666939 | Voting-based ensemble-averaging visualization for water mass distribution | The distribution of water masses has become one of the most important topics in recent oceanic research. Water masses flow dynamically and have interannual variability, and hence the distribution can change dramatically even over short time periods and may differ from year to year. In this paper, we use a high-resolution ocean dataset, which contains multiple ocean variables, to visualize the details of the water mass. Because water mass can be defined by multiple ocean variables (e.g., temperature and salinity), we develop a multi-variate visualization system, which allows us to extract the time-varying distributions of water masses from multiple variables. The visualization is then adjusted by multiple ocean specialists because directly applying the existing definition to extract the water mass would result in incorrect rendering results. This leads to another problem that different ocean specialists may have different perspectives on the distribution of water masses, so that the adjustments would also be different. To solve this problem, an ensemble average process is performed for the adjusted rendering results from multiple ocean specialists. To increase the authenticity, we also add a voting scheme to the system, so that a majority rule can be applied to the ensemble-averaging result. As the application of the proposed voting-based ensemble-averaging visualization system, we first show the interannual variability of the significant water mass and then visualize the dynamic behavior for the period of interest in different years. We also highlight a mixing phenomenon that has a strong influence on the distribution of the water mass. As a result, we can obtain a clear and accurate visualization of the water mass distribution. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.04.017 | PD <inf>n-3 DPA</inf> Pathway Regulates Human Monocyte Differentiation and Macrophage Function | Macrophages are central in orchestrating the clearance of apoptotic cells and cellular debris during inflammation, with the mechanism(s) regulating this process remaining of interest. Herein, we found that the n-3 docosapentaenoic acid-derived protectin (PD n-3 DPA ) biosynthetic pathway regulated the differentiation of human monocytes, altering macrophage phenotype, efferocytosis, and bacterial phagocytosis. Using lipid mediator profiling, human primary cells and recombinant enzymes we found that human 15-lipoxygenases initiate the PD n-3 DPA pathway catalyzing the formation of an allylic epoxide. The complete stereochemistry of this epoxide was determined using stereocontrolled total organic synthesis as 16S,17S-epoxy-7Z,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (16S,17S-ePD n-3 DPA ). This intermediate was enzymatically converted by epoxide hydrolases to PD1 n-3 DPA and PD2 n-3 DPA , with epoxide hydrolase 2 converting 16S,17S-ePD n-3 DPA to PD2 n-3 DPA in human monocytes. Taken together these results establish the PD n-3 DPA biosynthetic pathway in human monocytes and macrophages and its role in regulating macrophage resolution responses. Pistorius et al. , found that a recently uncovered family of bioactive mediators termed PD n-3 DPA controls human macrophage phenotype and function during their differentiation from monocytes. The authors also established the biosynthetic pathway for this family of mediators thereby providing leads into mechanisms that control macrophage responses. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2059938823 | CLIR for Informal Content in Arabic Forum Posts | The field of Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) addresses the problem of finding documents in some language that are relevant to a question posed in a different language. Retrieving answers to questions written using formal vocabulary from collections of informal documents, as with many types of social media, is a largely unexplored subfield of CLIR. Because formal and informal content are often intermingled, CLIR systems that excel at finding formal content may tend to select formal over informal content. To measure this effect, a test collection annotated for both relevance and informality is needed. This paper describes the development of a small test collection for this task, with questions posed in formal English and the documents consisting of intermixed formal and informal Arabic. Experiments with this collection show that dialect classification can help to recognize informal content, thus improving precision. At the same time, the results indicate that neither dialect-tuned morphological analysis nor a lightweight CLIR approach that minimizes propagation of translation errors yet yield a reliable improvement in recall for informal content when compared to a straightforward document translation architecture. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1186/s13073-014-0092-4 | Approaches for establishing the function of regulatory genetic variants involved in disease | The diversity of regulatory genetic variants and their mechanisms of action reflect the complexity and context-specificity of gene regulation. Regulatory variants are important in human disease and defining such variants and establishing mechanism is crucial to the interpretation of disease-association studies. This review describes approaches for identifying and functionally characterizing regulatory variants, illustrated using examples from common diseases. Insights from recent advances in resolving the functional epigenomic regulatory landscape in which variants act are highlighted, showing how this has enabled functional annotation of variants and the generation of hypotheses about mechanism of action. The utility of quantitative trait mapping at the transcript, protein and metabolite level to define association of specific genes with particular variants and further inform disease associations are reviewed. Establishing mechanism of action is an essential step in resolving functional regulatory variants, and this review describes how this is being facilitated by new methods for analyzing allele-specific expression, mapping chromatin interactions and advances in genome editing. Finally, integrative approaches are discussed together with examples highlighting how defining the mechanism of action of regulatory variants and identifying specific modulated genes can maximize the translational utility of genome-wide association studies to understand the pathogenesis of diseases and discover new drug targets or opportunities to repurpose existing drugs to treat them. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/stv1918 | Broad-band X-ray spectra of anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft γ-ray repeaters: Pulsars in a weak-accretion regime? | We present the results from the analysis of the broad-band X-ray spectra of five anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft γ-ray repeaters (SGRs). We fit their Suzaku and INTEGRAL spectra with models appropriate for the X-ray emission from the accretion flow on to a pulsar. We find that their X-ray spectra can be well described with this model. In particular, we find that (a) the radius of the accretion column is ~150-350 mresulting in a transverse optical depth of ~1, (b) the vertical Thompson optical depth is ≈50-400, and (c) their luminosity translates in accretion rates ≈1015 g s-1. These results are in good agreement with the predictions from the fall-back disc model, providing further support in the interpretation of AXPs and SGRs as accreting pulsars. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/s10546-010-9488-x | On the velocity gradient in stably stratified sheared flows. Part 1: Asymptotic analysis and applications | We give a new derivation of the familiar linear relation for the dimensionless velocity gradient in the stably stratified surface layer and provide physical and empirical grounds for its universal applicability in stationary homogeneous turbulence over the whole range of static stabilities from Ri = 0 to very large Ri. Combining this relation with the budget equation for the turbulent kinetic energy we obtain the "equilibrium formulation" of the turbulent dissipation length scale, and recommend it for use in turbulence closure models. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1999884007 | Progress in the Total Synthesis of Rocaglamide | The first cyclopenta[b]benzofuran derivative, rocaglamide, from Aglaia elliptifolia , was found to exhibit considerable insecticidal activities and excellent potential as a therapeutic agent candidate in cancer chemotherapy; the genus Aglaia has been subjected to further investigation. Both the structural complexity of rocaglamide and its significant activity make it an attractive synthetic target. Stereoselective synthesis of the dense substitution pattern of these targets is a formidable synthetic challenge: the molecules bear five contiguous stereocenters and cis aryl groups on adjacent carbons. In past years of effort, only a handful of completed total syntheses have been reported, evidence of the difficulties associated with the synthesis of rocaglate natural products. The advance on total synthesis of rocaglamide was mainly reviewed from intramolecular cyclization and biomimetic cycloaddition approach. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
2728115 | Next generation security platform to safeguard critical applications and sensitive digital assets | The need to improve data protection has only grown in the past years, fuelled by a large number of high-profile cybercrimes that involved taking over digital assets. One of the most significant data breaches has been the successful theft of 143m customer records from a consumer credit reporting agency Equifax (US)—a cybercrime with devastating consequences due to the type of personally identifiable information stolen & its knock-on effect on the credit markets. Impact on the new businesses dealing with novel technology is even more devastating. The largest cryptoexchange Mt. Gox (JP) went bankrupt in 2014 because of an attack that resulted in $473m of cryptocurrencies stolen, greatly damaging public perception of cryptocurrencies & blockchain-related companies.
We have developed ARCAone—a combined hardware & software solution that provides a secure execution & storage environment for various digital assets (from tokens & cryptocurrencies to cryptographic keys & other sensitive data). ARCAone is a highly secure environment that adheres to the existing security standards, supports state-of-the-art security protocols & complies with regulatory requirements. It offers a broad range of functionality & is future-proof.
Since our foundation in May 2018 we have raised €1.4m & earned €246,000 in beta sales. Our team members have worked on the most secure software such as OpenBSD & OpenSSH.
We will commercialize ARCAone platform through vertical applications built on top of it—we are building the 1st applications ourselves & will involve 3rd party developers for the others. This will allow us to focus on the ARCAone SDK & application marketplace while achieving the scale through 3rd party applications. We will start with the financial segment & IoT, then move to cloud services & other segments. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
interreg_1996 | KASA - Koiné archeologia: sapiente antichità | Context:
The area involved of the project is characterized by a numerous demand of knowledge of their own roots and of a strong sense of identity, demonstrated also by the presence of two University degrees in cultural heritage in Siracusa (Syracuse). At the same time, it is evident that the exploitation is still limited and there is an insufficient level of knowledge and awarennes by tourist of such resources. The project therefore, intends to respond to the demands of the local culture, reinforcing the community between the areas of Siracusa (Syracuse) and that of Malta, and above-all the evaluation of cultural heritage, especially those of monuments and the areas that are less known and not documented.
Aims:
The main aims of the project are:
• Promoting the cooperation between Sicilian and Maltese Universities;
. Promoting the training of personnel in the specific environment of the importance and of the archaeological documentation, and in the tourist environment;
. Promoting the cooperation between minor Sicilian and Maltese centers;
. Creating a series of tourist routes integrated between the Iblea and the Maltese areas.
| [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W3106341412 | Bimodal distribution of the solar wind at 1 AU | Here we aim to separate the two main contributions of slow and fast solar wind that appear at 1 AU. The Bi-Gaussian function is proposed as the probability distribution function of the two main components of the solar wind. The positions of the peaks of every simple Gaussian curve are associated with the typical values of every contribution to solar wind. We used the entire data set from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) mission in an analysis of the data set as a whole and as yearly series. Solar cycle dependence is considered to provide more accurate results for the typical values of the different parameters. The distribution of the solar wind at 1 AU is clearly bimodal, not only for velocity, but also for proton density, temperature and magnetic field. New typical values for the main parameters of the slow and fast components of the solar wind at 1 AU are proposed. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1142/9789814449243_0058 | The nematic phase of a system of long hard rods | In this talk I consider a two-dimensional lattice model for liquid crystals consisting of long rods interacting via purely hard core interactions, with two allowed orientations defined by the underlying lattice. I report a rigorous proof of the existence of a nematic phase: by this I mean that at intermediate densities the system exhibits orientational order, either horizontal or vertical, but no positional order. The proof is based on a two-scales cluster expansion: first the system is coarse-grained on a scale comparable with the rods' length; then the resulting effective theory is re-expressed as a contours' model, which can be treated by Pirogov-Sinai methods. The talk is based on joint work with Margherita Disertori. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
169841 | Use case for european robotics in ophthalmologic micro−surgery | EurEyeCase combines cutting−edge European robotic technology and creates an integrated setup for the very challenging use case of vitreoretinal eye surgery. Nowadays, a selected number of highly−skilled ophthalmologists are treating large numbers of patients that suffer from various types of vitreoretinal eye diseases. The majority of these intra−ocular interventions lie on or even beyond the boundaries of human skills as they pose extreme requirements in terms of manipulation and positioning precision. As a result, current treatments are characterized by moderate success rates and even an inability to adequately treat some common diseases. As a consequence, a large group of patients is left untreated or receives suboptimal treatment only. Robotic technology can and is likely to put an end to the current status−quo. Starting from existing hardware, knowledge and IP and in close collaboration with medical partners, EurEyeCase will build up and validate a convincing robot−assisted operation suite, which will help surgeons in treating a selection of particular demanding vitreoretinal procedures including the treatment of retinal vein/artery occlusion through cannulation and epiretinal membrane treatment. Current laboratory setups will be studied in detail, augmented and tailored for successful integration into the surgical workflow. Novel sensing technologies will be further developed and integrated with advanced control methods to deliver unprecedented levels of safety and performance. In-depth evaluation of the setup in different directions, i.e, performance, usability and clinical relevance, as well as the first steps to transfer the most challenging developments to the next phase of product development are key aspects of the project. EurEyeCase will demonstrate how medical robotics technology can boost success rates of urgent and critical surgical interventions and paves the way for novel promising treatment methods with demonstrated improvements in patient outcome. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41893-019-0262-x | Aridity and reduced soil micronutrient availability in global drylands | Drylands cover more than 40% of the terrestrial surface, and their global extent and socioecological importance will increase in the future due to the forecasted increases in aridity driven by climate change. Despite the essential role of metallic micronutrients in life chemistry and ecosystem functioning, it is virtually unknown how their bioavailability changes along aridity gradients at the global scale. Here, we analysed soil total and available copper, iron, manganese and zinc in 143 drylands from all continents, except Antarctica, covering a broad range of aridity and soil conditions. We found that total and available micronutrient concentrations in dryland soils were low compared with averages commonly found in soils of natural and agricultural ecosystems globally. Aridity negatively affected the availability of all micronutrients evaluated, mainly indirectly by increasing soil pH and decreasing soil organic matter. Remarkably, the available Fe:Zn ratio decreased exponentially as the aridity increased, pointing to stoichiometric alterations. Our findings suggest that increased aridity conditions due to climate change will limit the availability of essential micronutrients for organisms, particularly iron and zinc, which together with other adverse effects (for example, reduced water availability) may pose serious threats to key ecological processes and services, such as food production, in drylands worldwide. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2119880161 | Fear extinction in humans: Effects of acquisition–extinction delay and masked stimulus presentations | Fear extinction can be viewed as an inhibitory learning process. This is supported by post-extinction phenomena demonstrating the return of fear, such as reinstatement. Recent work has questioned this account, claiming that extinction initiated immediately after fear acquisition can abolish the return of fear. In the current study, participants were fear conditioned to four different conditioned stimuli (CS) and underwent extinction either immediately or after a 24 h delay. During extinction, we manipulated CS contingency awareness by presenting two of the CSs (one CS+, one CS-) under non-masked conditions and the other two CSs under masked conditions. Compared to delayed extinction, immediate extinction of non-masked CSs promoted less extinction of fear-potentiated startle and shock expectancy ratings and less reinstatement of fear-potentiated startle without affecting shock expectancy ratings. Critically, future research should clarify how the differences between immediate and delayed extinction in within-session extinction modulate the recovery of fear. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1500605161 | Effects of aerobic interval and moderate continuous training on erythrocyte rheological property modulated by hypoxic exercise in sedentary men (706.9) | This study investigated how aerobic interval (AIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) influence hypoxic exercise-mediated erythrocyte aggregability and deformability under various shear conditions in sedentary men. Twenty-four sedentary males were randomized to perform AIT 3-minute intervals at 40% and 80% VO2 peak, n=12) or MCT (sustained 60% VO2 peak, n=12) for 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Erythrocyte aggregability and deformability under various shear conditions were determined by a slit-flow ektacytometer. The results showed that, before exercise training, the 60%VO2max exercise under 12%O2 decreased maximal elongation index (EImax), as well as, increased aggregation index (AI) and shortened aggregation half-time (t1/2) in erythrocytes under shear flow. However, both AIT and MCT diminished erythrocyte EImax and AI, as well as, lengthened erythrocyte t1/2 during the 12%O2 exercise. Accordingly, we conclude that either AIT or MCT effectively improves hemorheological function by decreasing aggregability and increased deformability of erythrocytes during hypoxic exercise in sedentary men. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
US 2014/0034592 W | POLYMERIC CONCRETE ADMIXTURE CONTAINING A NEW CLASS OF SUPERPLASTICIZER POLYMERS | A novel admixture approach to be used in various concrete formulations as a means of modifying and enhancing performance of the concrete. This invention will provide benefits in a variety of ways, including enhanced control over concrete curing times, increased strength and beneficial changes in concrete formulations, particularly useful for specific applications. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevE.97.023003 | Detecting singular weak-dissipation limit for flutter onset in reversible systems | A "flutter machine" is introduced for the investigation of a singular interface between the classical and reversible Hopf bifurcations that is theoretically predicted to be generic in nonconservative reversible systems with vanishing dissipation. In particular, such a singular interface exists for the Pflüger viscoelastic column moving in a resistive medium, which is proven by means of the perturbation theory of multiple eigenvalues with the Jordan block. The laboratory setup, consisting of a cantilevered viscoelastic rod loaded by a positional force with nonzero curl produced by dry friction, demonstrates high sensitivity of the classical Hopf bifurcation onset to the ratio between the weak air drag and Kelvin-Voigt damping in the Pflüger column. Thus, the Whitney umbrella singularity is experimentally confirmed, responsible for discontinuities accompanying dissipation-induced instabilities in a broad range of physical contexts. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1039/C7CC05011A | Nickel Catalyzed C H Activation Of Purine Bases With Alkyl Halides | C–H alkylations of purine nucleosides were achieved by means of user-friendly nickel catalysis with ample substrate scope and high levels of chemo, site and regio control, which among others enabled the direct fluorescent labeling of purines in terms of late stage diversification. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1109/TASLP.2019.2907016 | Sound Event Detection In The Dcase 2017 Challenge | Each edition of the challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events DCASE contained several tasks involving sound event detection in different setups. DCASE 2017 presented participants with three such tasks, each having specific datasets and detection requirements: Task 2, in which target sound events were very rare in both training and testing data, Task 3 having overlapping events annotated in real-life audio, and Task 4, in which only weakly labeled data were available for training. In this paper, we present three tasks, including the datasets and baseline systems, and analyze the challenge entries for each task. We observe the popularity of methods using deep neural networks, and the still widely used mel frequency-based representations, with only few approaches standing out as radically different. Analysis of the systems behavior reveals that task-specific optimization has a big role in producing good performance; however, often this optimization closely follows the ranking metric, and its maximization/minimization does not result in universally good performance. We also introduce the calculation of confidence intervals based on a jackknife resampling procedure to perform statistical analysis of the challenge results. The analysis indicates that while the 95% confidence intervals for many systems overlap, there are significant differences in performance between the top systems and the baseline for all tasks. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
GB 9700978 W | SCRAPED SURFACE EVAPORATORS | The present invention relates to scraped surface evaporators (10), and in particular to scrapers (30) for use in scraping the surface of the evaporator (10). Such scraped surface evaporators (10) comprise a refrigerated drum (12), the inner surface of which is scraped by the scraper(s) (30). The scraper is mounted on drive means (16), which are arranged to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the drum (12). The scraper comprises a leading edge region (32) and a trailing edge region (34), with the leading edge formed into a blade (44). A biasing force is applied to the scraper (30) so that the blade (44) and a trailing edge (48) are biased into contact with the surface (46) to be scraped. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/C4SC01290A | Influence Of Gb3 Glycosphingolipids Differing In Their Fatty Acid Chain On The Phase Behaviour Of Solid Supported Membranes Chemical Syntheses And Impact Of Shiga Toxin Binding | The Shiga toxin B subunit (STxB), which is involved in cell membrane attachment and trafficking of Shiga holotoxin, binds specifically to the glycosphingolipid Gb3. In biological membranes, Gb3 glycosphingolipids differ in their fatty acid composition and there is strong evidence that the fatty acid alters the binding behaviour of STxB as well as the intracellular routing of the Shiga toxin/Gb3 complex. To analyse the binding of STxB to different Gb3s, we chemically synthesized saturated, unsaturated, α-hydroxylated Gb3s and a combination thereof, all based on a C24-fatty acid chain starting from monosaccharide building blocks, sphingosine and the respective fatty acids. These chemically well-defined Gb3s were inserted into solid supported phase-separated lipid bilayers composed of DOPC/sphingomyelin/cholesterol as a simple mimetic of the outer leaflet of animal cell membranes. By fluorescence- and atomic force microscopy the phase behaviour of the bilayer as well as the lateral organization of bound STxB were analysed. The fatty acid of Gb3 significantly alters the ratio between the ordered and disordered phase and induces a third intermediate phase in the presence of unsaturated Gb3. The lateral organization of STxB on the membranes varies significantly. While STxB attached to membranes with Gb3s with saturated fatty acids forms protein clusters, it is more homogeneously bound to membranes containing unsaturated Gb3s. Large interphase lipid redistribution is observed for α-hydroxylated Gb3 doped membranes. Our results clearly demonstrate that the fatty acid of Gb3 strongly influences the lateral organization of STxB on the membrane and impacts the overall membrane organization of phase-separated lipid membranes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
EP 2021065730 W | CONTROLLER FOR USE WITH A REMOTE DOWNHOLE TOOL | A controller for use with a remote downhole tool is provided. The controller comprises a processor and a transmitter for transmission of control signals to the remote downhole tool. The controller is configured for use at surface or uphole of the remote downhole tool to control transmission of data from the remote downhole tool. The controller is configured to transmit a control signal to the remote downhole tool to configure the remote downhole tool for transmission of data from the remote downhole tool according to a schedule or on demand. A communication system for use in a downhole environment is also provided. Methods of managing data transmission of a remote downhole tool are also provided. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OE.23.026639 | Laser Ablation And Plasma Etching Based Patterning Of Graphene On Silicon On Insulator Waveguides | We present a new approach to remove monolayer graphene transferred on top of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic integrated chip. Femtosecond laser ablation is used for the first time to remove graphene from SOI waveguides, whereas oxygen plasma etching through a metal mask is employed to peel off graphene from the grating couplers attached to the waveguides. We show by means of Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy that the removal of graphene is successful with minimal damage to the underlying SOI waveguides. Finally, we employ both removal techniques to measure the contribution of graphene to the loss of grating-coupled graphene-covered SOI waveguides using the cut-back method. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OE.23.017355 | Laser Assisted Morphing Of Complex Three Dimensional Objects | Morphing refers to the smooth transition from a specific shape into another one, in which the initial and final shapes can be significantly different. A typical illustration is to turn a cube into a sphere by continuous change of shape curvatures. Here, we demonstrate a process of laser-induced morphing, driven by surface tension and thermally-controlled viscosity. As a proof-of-concept, we turn 3D glass structures fabricated by a femtosecond laser into other shapes by locally heating up the structure with a feedback-controlled CO2 laser. We further show that this laser morphing process can be accurately modelled and predicted. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01203 | Dysregulation of B cell activity during proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout | Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a widespread disease caused by the endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea). Clinical disease, provoked by the proliferation of extrasporogonic parasite stages, is characterized by a chronic kidney pathology with underlying transcriptional changes indicative of altered B cell responses and dysregulated T-helper cell-like activities. Despite the relevance of PKD to European and North American salmonid aquaculture, no studies, to date, have focused on further characterizing the B cell response during the course of this disease. Thus, in this work, we have studied the behavior of diverse B cell populations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with T. bryosalmonae at different stages of preclinical and clinical disease. Our results show a clear upregulation of all trout immunoglobulins (Igs) (IgM, IgD, and IgT) demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, suggesting the alteration of diverse B cell populations that coexist in the infected kidney. Substantial changes in IgM, IgD, and IgT repertoires were also identified throughout the course of the disease further pointing to the involvement of the three Igs in PKD through what appear to be independently regulated mechanisms. Thus, our results provide strong evidence of the involvement of IgD in the humoral response to a specific pathogen for the first time in teleosts. Nevertheless, it was IgT, a fish-specific Ig isotype thought to be specialized in mucosal immunity, which seemed to play a prevailing role in the kidney response to T. bryosalmonae. We found that IgT was the main Ig coating extrasporogonic parasite stages, IgT+ B cells were the main B cell subset that proliferated in the kidney with increasing kidney pathology, and IgT was the Ig for which more significant changes in repertoire were detected. Hence, although our results demonstrate a profound dysregulation of different B cell subsets during PKD, they point to a major involvement of IgT in the immune response to the parasite. These results provide further insights into the pathology of PKD that may facilitate the future development of control strategies. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.17185 | Selective protein degradation ensures cellular longevity | A previously unknown pathway can selectively degrade mitochondrial proteins in aged and stressed cells without destroying the organelle itself. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/s40820-019-0314-9 | Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Gold@Polydopamine Nanoreactors with Multi-compartment Structure Under NIR Irradiation | Abstract
Photothermal conversion (PTC) nanostructures have great potential for applications in many fields, and therefore, they have attracted tremendous attention. However, the construction of a PTC nanoreactor with multi-compartment structure to achieve the combination of unique chemical properties and structural feature is still challenging due to the synthetic difficulties. Herein, we designed and synthesized a catalytically active, PTC gold (Au)@polydopamine (PDA) nanoreactor driven by infrared irradiation using assembled PS-b-P2VP nanosphere as soft template. The particles exhibit multi-compartment structure which is revealed by 3D electron tomography characterization technique. They feature permeable shells with tunable shell thickness. Full kinetics for the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol has been investigated using these particles as nanoreactors and compared with other reported systems. Notably, a remarkable acceleration of the catalytic reaction upon near-infrared irradiation is demonstrated, which reveals for the first time the importance of the synergistic effect of photothermal conversion and complex inner structure to the kinetics of the catalytic reduction. The ease of synthesis and fresh insights into catalysis will promote a new platform for novel nanoreactor studies. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01660 | Boundary Lubrication, Hemifusion, and Self-Healing of Binary Saturated and Monounsaturated Phosphatidylcholine Mixtures | A wide range of phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids with different degrees of unsaturation has been identified in the human synovial fluid and on the cartilage surface. The outstanding lubricity of the articular cartilage surface has been attributed to boundary layers comprising complexes of such lipids, though to date, only lubrication by single-component PC-lipid-based boundary layers has been investigated. As distinguishable lubrication behavior has been found to be related to the PC structures, we herein examined the surface morphology (on mica) and the lubrication ability of binary PC lipid mixtures, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a surface force balance (SFB). These two PC lipids are among the most abundant saturated and unsaturated PC components in synovial joints. Small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) prepared from DPPC-POPC mixtures (8:2, 5:5, and 2:8, molar ratios) ruptured and formed bilayers on mica. The normal and shear forces between two DPPC-POPC bilayer-coated mica surfaces across the corresponding SUV dispersions show good boundary lubrication (friction coefficients ≤ ca. 10-4) up to contact stresses of 8. 3 ± 2. 2 MPa for 8:2 DPPC-POPC and 5. 0 ± 1. 7 MPa for the others. Hemifusion induced at high normal pressures was observed, probably because of the height mismatch of two components. Reproducible successive approaches after hemifusion indicate rapid self-healing of the mica-supported bilayers in the presence of the SUVs reservoir. This work is a first step to provide insight concerning the lubrication, wear, and healing of the PC-based boundary layers, which must consist of multicomponent lipid mixtures, on the articular cartilage surface. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1975134873 | Policy options for mainstreaming forest-based mitigation measures in EU rural development | In the next programming period 2014-2020, climate change will arguably raise as a cross-cutting issue in many – if not most – policies of the EU, including programs and funding related to e.g. energy, transport, research, infrastructure, urban and rural development. Early signs of this attention can be seen in the implementation of the current period, also keeping into account the significant delay in spending, which will prompt reallocation of funds as well as the inclusion of further criteria for awarded projects. The recent EU Green Paper on “Forest Protection and Information in the EU: Preparing forests to climate change” [COM (2010)66] and the launch of a debate on options, including the subsequent public consultation, is somehow an exploration for this increase in awareness and for the respective roles of different governance levels. We are in a relatively early phase of development, so this paper raises more questions than provides answers for mainstreaming mitigation (and adaptation) measures in a rural development in which forests and OWL (Other wooded land) play a potentially important role, highlighting opportunities and constraints concerning the forest sector in the context of socio-economic development of rural areas. Indeed, the theme is elusive as for its relevance at EU level: on the one hand, some think that forests could be fast and cheap means for sizeable mitigation and adaptation to climate change, but, on the other hand, the sector, and this environmental function / ecosystem service, is currently under-funded and marginal in public discourse, while the political, social and environmental sustainability of this function might exhibit the need for caution and qualifications.The paper explores, among other issues, the options for mainstreaming mitigation policies through additionality or restructuring rural policies, by proposing a sector-specific or a standardised carbon price, to be paid for stocks or for land-use change and quality, in European or tropical forests, through price and non-price policies. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W2054868455 | Results of a Community-University Partnership to Reduce Deadly Hazards in Hardwood Floor Finishing | A community-university partnership used community-based participatory research (CBPR) to design, implement, and evaluate a multi-cultural public health campaign to eliminate flammable products and reduce use of products high in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in hardwood floor finishing in Massachusetts. Leading participants were Vietnamese-American organizations and businesses. Following the public health campaign, a multi-lingual survey of self-reported experiences with fires, product use, exposure to outreach activities, and changes made, was conducted with floor finishers. One hundred nine floor finishers responded. Over 40% reported fires at their companies' jobs, mostly caused by lacquer sealers. Over one third had heard radio or TV shows about health and safety in floor finishing, and over half reported making changes as a result of outreach. Exposure to various outreach activities was associated with reducing use of flammable products, increasing use of low-VOC products, and greater knowledge about product flammability. However, most respondents still reported using flammable products. Outreach led by community partners reached large proportions of floor finishers, was associated with use of safer products, and adds to recent work on CBPR with immigrant workers. Continued use of flammable products supports the belief that an enforceable ban was ultimately necessary to eradicate them. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
interreg_641 | Cultural Heritage Operations for the Regeneration of Urban Sites | The city of Bastia in Corsica is the smallest URBACT Lead
Partner city in population terms but by no means should
this be a judge of the quality of the networking activity. This
project which started work in June 2004 with a kick off
meeting in Bastia has held a total of 8 seminars and a final
conference in November 2006 in Naples. The seminars
always included site visits and case study examples which
are now presented within the Final Report.
The network’s activities are based on the assumption that
cultural heritage has a contribution to make to the processes
of territorial valorisation and modernisation and has to be
considered as a major resource for economic development
and social cohesion. The network set out to prove through
practical examples that cultural heritage should not be
considered as a constraint in urban regeneration projects
but should be considered as a resource which can be used
to improve such projects.
The work undertaken resulted in the identification of clear
guidelines on how to create links between cultural heritage
preservation and urban regeneration. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1038/nnano.2016.305 | Synthesis and characterization of triangulene | Triangulene, the smallest triplet-ground-state polybenzenoid (also known as Clar's hydrocarbon), has been an enigmatic molecule ever since its existence was first hypothesized. Despite containing an even number of carbons (22, in six fused benzene rings), it is not possible to draw Kekulé-style resonant structures for the whole molecule: any attempt results in two unpaired valence electrons. Synthesis and characterization of unsubstituted triangulene has not been achieved because of its extreme reactivity, although the addition of substituents has allowed the stabilization and synthesis of the triangulene core and verification of the triplet ground state via electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Here we show the on-surface generation of unsubstituted triangulene that consists of six fused benzene rings. The tip of a combined scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscope (STM/AFM) was used to dehydrogenate precursor molecules. STM measurements in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that triangulene keeps its free-molecule properties on the surface, whereas AFM measurements resolved its planar, threefold symmetric molecular structure. The unique topology of such non-Kekulé hydrocarbons results in open-shell π-conjugated graphene fragments that give rise to high-spin ground states, potentially useful in organic spintronic devices. Our generation method renders manifold experiments possible to investigate triangulene and related open-shell fragments at the single-molecule level. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/506/1/012012 | Possible Modification Of The Large Scale Flow Structures By Vortical Structural Interactions | We explore the mechanisms behind vortical structural interactions modifying largescale structures in wall turbulence. The evidence for this in terms of vortex interactions, such as merging and intense vortex strengthening, is found in [4] in ideal flow conditions. Here, these interactions are studied experimentally and numerically in turbulent boundary layer and channel flows respectively. This is done by extracting statistical information from conditional averaging of different events based on the spanwise swirling strength. Experimental results showed vortex merger leading to vortex intensification. This was in good agreement with the results of [4]. However, numerical results did not show complete agreement with experimental results. This may be due to the difference in spatial resolution of experimental and numerical data. Furthermore, the peak Reynolds shear stress did reveal a relative increase in magnitude when two vortices merged in the numerical data. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/2153599X.2016.1236033 | After God S Image Prayer Leads People With Positive God Beliefs To Read Less Hostility In Others Eyes | Across cultures and historical periods, people have attributed human traits to the divine. Because of the similarity between people’s mental representations of God and their mental representations . . . | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_12 | Tweetskb A Public And Large Scale Rdf Corpus Of Annotated Tweets | Publicly available social media archives facilitate research in a variety of fields, such as data science, sociology or the digital humanities, where Twitter has emerged as one of the most prominent sources. However, obtaining, archiving and annotating large amounts of tweets is costly. In this paper, we describe TweetsKB, a publicly available corpus of currently more than 1. 5 billion tweets, spanning almost 5 years (Jan’13–Nov’17). Metadata information about the tweets as well as extracted entities, hashtags, user mentions and sentiment information are exposed using established RDF/S vocabularies. Next to a description of the extraction and annotation process, we present use cases to illustrate scenarios for entity-centric information exploration, data integration and knowledge discovery facilitated by TweetsKB. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201611432 | “Molecular Activity Painting”: Switch-like, Light-Controlled Perturbations inside Living Cells | Acute subcellular protein targeting is a powerful tool to study biological networks. However, signaling at the plasma membrane is highly dynamic, making it difficult to study in space and time. In particular, sustained local control of molecular function is challenging owing to the lateral diffusion of plasma membrane targeted molecules. Herein we present “molecular activity painting” (MAP), a novel technology which combines photoactivatable chemically induced dimerization (pCID) with immobilized artificial receptors. The immobilization of artificial receptors by surface-immobilized antibodies blocks lateral diffusion, enabling rapid and stable “painting” of signaling molecules and their activity at the plasma membrane with micrometer precision. Using this method, we show that painting of the RhoA-myosin activator GEF-H1 induces patterned acto-myosin contraction inside living cells. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-66254-1_8 | Anti Poverty Programs And Vote Buying Strategies Lessons From Northeast Brazil | In a context where personal relations play a central role in structuring political life, to what extent should a researcher differentiate “normal” from “deviant” political behavior? This chapter addresses this question from a socio-anthropological point of view, analyzing the use of anti-poverty programs for vote-buying purposes in Northeast Brazil. More specifically, the objective of this chapter is to describe the mobilization of a political machine directly involving anti-poverty programs during election times. The aim here is to describe the dynamics of vote buying in Northeast Brazil, especially through the cooptation of social workers and the use of their formal attributions to increase vote-buying effectiveness among the poorest. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
185357 | Feasibility study: a first-of-its-kind software-defined virtual reality camera | Virtual reality (VR) is a long awaited technology which can be named as #1 media to influence the way how modern society will consume video content in the future. Up to 400 million consumers will become the audience for VR content until 2020.
However, there is a grass-root problem with VR content generation as there are no viable solutions for the masses to produce their own videos.
Current solutions to create VR videos are underlying some substantial barriers with regard to the current state of technology. To produce such videos is either a) very expensive, or b) requires extensive knowledge and work, and can thus only be done by professionals.
Absolute Zero (AZ) is a first-of-its-kind VR camera designed to solve exactly this substantial problem from scratch, by enabling a mass audience of private and business customers to record own VR content in a simple fashion and a highly-defined quality.
By developing a novel system architecture, we integrate cloud-based data processing as a natural extension to the actual hardware, which allows us to gain a disruptive competitive advantage with respect to the rest of the VR camera industry. Our technology leads to five key differentiating improvements:
1) Significant reduction of hardware costs of up to 60%
2) Practically unlimited processing power
3) Infinitely scalable storage space
4) Less power consumption
5) Post-sale implementation of new functionalities
In Phase 1, we will execute a feasibility study in order to identify remaining economical, legal, and operational barriers, and to develop the right strategy for a further proceeding. A subsequent goal is to address and eradicate these shortcomings within Phase 2, in order to bring the technology to maturity, and to build up a business side for an effective go-to-market. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
interreg_540 | CA.V.E.: CAVES VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT | The overall project aims to further enhance and highlight the specific natural, geological, historical and cultural identity of the caves, using innovative technological applications based on virtual reality. The main expected outputs include: • Web-based virtual reality applications (the geological birth and evolutionary history of the caves, the life of pre-historical humans in caves, geo-morphological information, etc.) • Infrastructure of the virtual reality environment (renovation of existing rooms, procurement and installation of equipment) • Bilingual guides • Renovations and small scale infrastructures of the surroundings of the caves (paths and infrastructure for people with disabilities, lighting, models of pre-historic animals, etc.) • A room for environmental education and related equipment • Good practice guides • Post-project continuation workshop and scientific conferences | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
295362 | Bi-literacy: Learning to read in L1 and in L2 | Learning to read is probably one of the most exciting discoveries in our life. Using a longitudinal approach, the research proposed examines how the human brain responds to two major challenges: (a) the instantiation a complex cognitive function for which there is no genetic blueprint (learning to read in a first language, L1), and (b) the accommodation to new statistical regularities when learning to read in a second language (L2). The aim of the present research project is to identify the neural substrates of the reading process and its constituent cognitive components, with specific attention to individual differences and reading disabilities; as well as to investigate the relationship between specific cognitive functions and the changes in neural activity that take place in the course of learning to read in L1 and in L2. The project will employ a longitudinal design. We will recruit children before they learn to read in L1 and in L2 and track reading development with both cognitive and neuroimaging measures over 24 months. The findings from this project will provide a deeper understanding of (a) how general neurocognitive factors and language specific factors underlie individual differences – and reading disabilities– in reading acquisition in L1 and in L2; (b) how the neuro-cognitive circuitry changes and brain mechanisms synchronize while instantiating reading in L1 and in L2; (c) what the limitations and the extent of brain plasticity are in young readers. An interdisciplinary and multi-methodological approach is one of the keys to success of the present project, along with strong theory-driven investigation. By combining both we will generate breakthroughs to advance our understanding of how literacy in L1 and in L2 is acquired and mastered. The research proposed will also lay the foundations for more applied investigations of best practice in teaching reading in first and subsequent languages, and devising intervention methods for reading disabilities. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1182/blood-2018-07-866830 | The HLA ligandome landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia delineates novel T-cell epitopes for immunotherapy | Abstract
Antileukemia immunity plays an important role in disease control and maintenance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Thus, antigen-specific immunotherapy holds promise for strengthening immune control in CML but requires the identification of CML-associated targets. In this study, we used a mass spectrometry–based approach to identify naturally presented HLA class I– and class II–restricted peptides in primary CML samples. Comparative HLA ligandome profiling using a comprehensive dataset of different hematological benign specimens and samples from CML patients in deep molecular remission delineated a panel of novel frequently presented CML-exclusive peptides. These nonmutated target antigens are of particular relevance because our extensive data-mining approach suggests the absence of naturally presented BCR-ABL– and ABL-BCR–derived HLA-restricted peptides and the lack of frequent tumor-exclusive presentation of known cancer/testis and leukemia-associated antigens. Functional characterization revealed spontaneous T-cell responses against the newly identified CML-associated peptides in CML patient samples and their ability to induce multifunctional and cytotoxic antigen-specific T cells de novo in samples from healthy volunteers and CML patients. Thus, these antigens are prime candidates for T-cell–based immunotherapeutic approaches that may prolong TKI-free survival and even mediate cure of CML patients. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
864672 | Evolutionary Consequences of Arrested Genomic Conflict in Asexual Species | Genomic conflicts are major drivers of evolutionary innovation and play an increasingly recognized role in human disease. Intra-genomic conflicts arise because self-promoting elements such as driving centromeres or transposable elements (TEs) can spread in a population without increasing the fitness of their carriers. Inter-genomic conflicts arise when genes have opposite fitness effects in different carriers, as is the case for genes underlying traits with distinct optimal values in males and females. Here I propose to use asexual species as a novel system to studying intra- and inter-genomic conflicts. Because there is no recombination or segregation under asexual reproduction, intra-genomic conflict disappears as the interests of all genetic elements become aligned with those of their host. This allows us to test the predictions that intra-genomic conflict drives the evolution of TE virulence, centromeres, and centromere-binding proteins. Furthermore, because asexual species are comprised of only females, male phenotypes are no longer under selection and sexual conflict over optimal trait values therefore disappears. This proposal leverages the replicated loss of conflicts in independently evolved asexual lineages of Timema stick insects to identify conflict driven aspects of genomic and phenotypic evolution in sexual species. Because Timema have an XX:XO sex determination system, males can be recovered from asexual lineages via X-chromosome losses. This allows for the study of male reproductive traits, sexual dimorphism and sex-biased gene expression in species where selection has been acting solely on females for prolonged time periods, and for the identification of traits and biological processes subject to sexual conflict. By combining phenotypic, experimental and next-generation sequencing approaches, we will generate a cohesive understanding of how intra- and inter-genomic conflict shape phenotype and genome evolution. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.018 | GM-CSF Mouse Bone Marrow Cultures Comprise a Heterogeneous Population of CD11c<sup>+</sup>MHCII<sup>+</sup> Macrophages and Dendritic Cells | Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the immune system. Much of their biology has been elucidated via culture systems in which hematopoietic precursors differentiate into DCs under the aegis of cytokines. A widely used protocol involves the culture of murine bone marrow (BM) cells with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to generate BM-derived DCs (BMDCs). BMDCs express CD11c and MHC class II (MHCII) molecules and share with DCs isolated from tissues the ability to present exogenous antigens to Tcells and to respond to microbial stimuli by undergoing maturation. We demonstrate that CD11c+MHCII+ BMDCs are in fact a heterogeneous group of cells that comprises conventional DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages. DCs and macrophages in GM-CSF cultures both undergo maturation upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide but respond differentially to the stimulus and remain separable entities. These results have important implications for the interpretation of a vast array of data obtained with DC culture systems. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1063/1.4961307 | Spider Web Inspired Acoustic Metamaterials | Spider silk is a remarkable example of bio-material with superior mechanical characteristics. Its multilevel structural organization of dragline and viscid silk leads to unusual and tunable properties, extensively studied from a quasi-static point of view. In this study, inspired by the Nephila spider orb web architecture, we propose a design for mechanical metamaterials based on its periodic repetition. We demonstrate that spider-web metamaterial structure plays an important role in the dynamic response and wave attenuation mechanisms. The capability of the resulting structure to inhibit elastic wave propagation in sub-wavelength frequency ranges is assessed, and parametric studies are performed to derive optimal configurations and constituent mechanical properties. The results show promise for the design of innovative lightweight structures for tunable vibration damping and impact protection, or the protection of large scale infrastructure such as suspended bridges. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
743032 | Dynamics of Probed, Pulsed, Quenched and Driven Integrable Quantum Systems | This proposal intends to develop and apply a new-generation theoretical toolbox for understanding the rich dynamics of strongly-interacting many-body quantum sytems subjected to destabilizing manipulations bringing them very far from equilibrium.
In atomic systems, condensed matter and nanophysics settings, quantum matter is nowadays routinely pushed beyond the traditional low-energy/linear response/thermal equilibrium paradigms. Some experiments even clearly highlight the need to revise basic fundamental quantum statistical mechanics notions such as ergodicity, relaxation and thermalization in order to explain their behaviour. Theory must thus urgently revise its textbooks and develop new interpretations and capabilities for offering concrete, quantitative phenomenology.
This proposal is focused on a set of systems at the very center of this strongly-correlated, experimentally realizable far-from-equilibrium spectacle: integrable models of quantum spin chains, interacting gases confined to one spatial dimension, and quantum dots. Building up on recent theoretical breakthroughs in dynamical correlations and post-quench steady states, this proposal aims to shed a new light on the fundamental principles at the heart of many-body quantum dynamics. It will implement a broad and ambitious research agenda consisting of synergetic projects from mathematically formal thought experiments all the way to phenomenologically applied practical calculations. The types of protocols to be studied include probes creating high-energy excitations, pulses inducing changes beyond linear response, quenches causing sudden global reorganizations, all the way to drivings completely metamorphozing the physical states.
The result will be to provide reliable, experimentally relevant and urgently-needed theoretical `anchoring points' in our general understanding of the physics underlying far-from-equilibrium strongly-interacting quantum matter. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
725701 | Directed crop breeding using jumping genes | The rapidly changing climate puts commonly used crop plants under strong pressure. It is therefore essential to develop novel breeding technologies to rapidly enhance crops to better withstand newly emerging stresses.
Interestingly, a clear link between transposable elements (TEs), crop improvement and varietal diversification exists. Furthermore, in recent years the importance of (TEs) in evolution and adaptation to stresses has been recognized. However the use of TEs in crop breeding is currently very limited because it is not possible to control TE mobility. My research group has identified a novel highly conserved epigenetic silencing mechanism that represses the activity of TEs in Arabidopsis. We also found drugs capable of inhibiting this mechanism. Because these drugs target highly conserved enzymes we were able to show that our drug treatment is also effective in rice. We are therefore able to produce TE bursts in a controlled manner in virtually any plant. We can thus, for the first time, generate and study TE bursts in crop plants in real time. More importantly, we found that the accumulation of novel insertions of a heat-stress inducible TE produced plants that, at a high frequency, were more resistant to heat stress. This suggests that the stress that was initially applied to activate a specific TE in the parent, lead to an improved tolerance to that specific stress in the progeny of that plant in a very straight-forward manner.
In this project I propose to accelerate plant breeding by testing and implementing a revolutionary TE-directed crop improvement technology. For that I plan to 1. Mobilize TEs in crop plants using selected stresses 2. Using these mobilized stress-responsive TEs breed novel crop plants resistant to those selected stresses and 3. Study the genetic and epigenetic impact of TE mobilization on host genomes. This project will have a broad impact on crop improvement and on the basic understanding of the evolutionary importance of TEs. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W1992294822 | Update of hematopoietic cell transplantation for sickle cell disease | Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) that is utilized very rarely because of limited allogeneic donor availability, limited healthcare resources needed to expand the treatment to regions in the world where most affected individuals reside, and by a view among SCD experts that HCT lacks the evidential rigor with short and long-term toxicity profiles that together might support its broader application.In this update, recent advances focused on donor selection, reduced toxicity preparation for HCT, and treatment of young adults will be presented. The current status of conventional bone marrow transplantation with a human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling donor is summarized.HCT for SCD is curative in almost all children who have a human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor. The future of this therapy will hinge on expanding the number of individuals who might be treated. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1002/cbic.201402603 | Insect-specific production of new GameXPeptides in Photorhabdus luminescens TTO1, widespread natural products in entomopathogenic bacteria | Discovery of new natural products by heterologous expression reaches its limits, especially when specific building blocks are missing in the heterologous host or the production medium. Here, we describe the insect-specific production of the new GameXPeptides E-H (5-8) from Photorhabdus luminescens TTO1, which can be produced heterologously from expression of the GameXPeptide synthetase GxpS only upon supplementation of the production media with the missing building blocks, and thus must be regarded as the true natural products under natural conditions. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
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