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345,800 | 16,804,197 | 1,722 | An image processing apparatus comprises: an acquisition unit that acquires a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image; an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit. | 1. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image; an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit, wherein each unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts, based on the distance information of the main subject, the other subject that exists within a predetermined range from a distance to the main subject. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case where no other subject is extracted by the extraction unit, the setting unit sets the parameters of the one or more virtual light sources that emit the virtual light to the main subject, and the processing unit generates the second image in which the main subject is illuminated with the virtual light. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit processes the first image based on shapes of the main subject and the extracted other subject, the distance information, and the parameters of the virtual light source to generate the second image in which the main subject and the extracted other subject are illuminated with the virtual light by the virtual light source/sources. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where a plurality of main subjects are detected by the detection unit, the extraction unit extracts another subject based on the distance information of each of the plurality of the main subjects, and the setting unit sets the parameters of the one or more virtual light sources that emit the virtual light to the main subject and the extracted subject with respect to each of the main subjects, and the processing unit combines effects of the virtual light using the parameters on each of the main subjects. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a selection unit that selects at least one of the main subject and the other subject,
wherein the setting unit that sets the parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to at least one of the main subject and the extracted other subject selected by the selection unit, and
wherein the selection unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a control unit that controls to superimpose a display indicating the main subject and the other subject on the first image on a display device; and an operation unit used for operation to select the main subject and the other subject based on the display indicating the main subject and the other subject displayed on the display device, wherein the selection unit selects at least one of the main subject and the other subject in accordance with an operation of the operation unit, and wherein each of the control unit and the operation unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the each virtual light source include a position of the virtual light source, and an illumination area and intensity of virtual light. 9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the each virtual light source include parameters of virtual light of one of a plurality of types including addition light that increase brightness of a subject, subtraction light that darkens a subject, and specular reflection light. 10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a second detection unit that detects a subject using a method different from a method used by the detection unit,
wherein the extraction unit extracts the other subject based on the distance information of the main subject and distance information of the subject detected by the second detection unit, and
wherein the second detection unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 11. An image capturing apparatus comprising:
an image sensing unit that shoots a subject and outputs a first image, and an image processing apparatus that includes
an acquisition unit that acquires the first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image;
a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image;
an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject;
a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and
a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit,
wherein each unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 12. The image capturing apparatus according to claim 11 further comprising a distance information detection unit that detects distance information of the first image,
wherein the distance information detection unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 13. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; a detection unit that detects a specific subject from the image; and a processing unit that adds an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, wherein, in a case where the effect of the virtual light is added by the processing unit to the image including a first subject which can be detected by the detection unit and a second subject which cannot be detected by the detection unit,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject, and does not add an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject, and
wherein each unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 14. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; a processing unit that adds an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, and a selection unit that selects a specific subject from the image in accordance with a user operation, wherein, in the image including a first subject and a second subject, in a case where the first subject is selected by the selection unit and an effect of the virtual light is to be added,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject, and does not add an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject, and
wherein each unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 15. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; detecting a main subject from the first image; extracting another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; setting parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and generating from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the set parameters. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the storage medium storing a program that is executable by the computer, wherein the program includes program code for causing the computer to function as an image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image; an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit. 17. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; detecting a predetermined subject from the image; and adding an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, wherein, in a case where the effect of the virtual light is added to the image including a first subject which can be detected in the detecting step and a second subject which cannot be detected in the detection step,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject is added to the image, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject is added to the image, and an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject is not added to the image. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the storage medium storing a program that is executable by the computer, wherein the program includes program code for causing the computer to function as an image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; a detection unit that detects a specific subject from the image; and a processing unit that adds an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, wherein, in a case where the effect of the virtual light is added by the processing unit to the image including a first subject which can be detected by the detection unit and a second subject which cannot be detected by the detection unit,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject, and does not add an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject. 19. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; adding an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, and selecting a specific subject from the image in accordance with a user operation, wherein, in the image including a first subject and a second subject, in a case where the first subject is selected in the selecting step and an effect of the virtual light is to be added,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject is added to the image, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject is added to the image, and an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject is not added to the image. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the storage medium storing a program that is executable by the computer, wherein the program includes program code for causing the computer to function as an image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; a processing unit that adds an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image; and a selection unit that selects a specific subject from the image in accordance with a user operation, wherein, in the image including a first subject and a second subject, in a case where the first subject is selected by the selection unit and an effect of the virtual light is to be added,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject, and does not add an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject. | An image processing apparatus comprises: an acquisition unit that acquires a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image; an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit.1. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image; an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit, wherein each unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts, based on the distance information of the main subject, the other subject that exists within a predetermined range from a distance to the main subject. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case where no other subject is extracted by the extraction unit, the setting unit sets the parameters of the one or more virtual light sources that emit the virtual light to the main subject, and the processing unit generates the second image in which the main subject is illuminated with the virtual light. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit processes the first image based on shapes of the main subject and the extracted other subject, the distance information, and the parameters of the virtual light source to generate the second image in which the main subject and the extracted other subject are illuminated with the virtual light by the virtual light source/sources. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where a plurality of main subjects are detected by the detection unit, the extraction unit extracts another subject based on the distance information of each of the plurality of the main subjects, and the setting unit sets the parameters of the one or more virtual light sources that emit the virtual light to the main subject and the extracted subject with respect to each of the main subjects, and the processing unit combines effects of the virtual light using the parameters on each of the main subjects. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a selection unit that selects at least one of the main subject and the other subject,
wherein the setting unit that sets the parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to at least one of the main subject and the extracted other subject selected by the selection unit, and
wherein the selection unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a control unit that controls to superimpose a display indicating the main subject and the other subject on the first image on a display device; and an operation unit used for operation to select the main subject and the other subject based on the display indicating the main subject and the other subject displayed on the display device, wherein the selection unit selects at least one of the main subject and the other subject in accordance with an operation of the operation unit, and wherein each of the control unit and the operation unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the each virtual light source include a position of the virtual light source, and an illumination area and intensity of virtual light. 9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the each virtual light source include parameters of virtual light of one of a plurality of types including addition light that increase brightness of a subject, subtraction light that darkens a subject, and specular reflection light. 10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a second detection unit that detects a subject using a method different from a method used by the detection unit,
wherein the extraction unit extracts the other subject based on the distance information of the main subject and distance information of the subject detected by the second detection unit, and
wherein the second detection unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 11. An image capturing apparatus comprising:
an image sensing unit that shoots a subject and outputs a first image, and an image processing apparatus that includes
an acquisition unit that acquires the first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image;
a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image;
an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject;
a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and
a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit,
wherein each unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 12. The image capturing apparatus according to claim 11 further comprising a distance information detection unit that detects distance information of the first image,
wherein the distance information detection unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 13. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; a detection unit that detects a specific subject from the image; and a processing unit that adds an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, wherein, in a case where the effect of the virtual light is added by the processing unit to the image including a first subject which can be detected by the detection unit and a second subject which cannot be detected by the detection unit,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject, and does not add an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject, and
wherein each unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 14. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; a processing unit that adds an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, and a selection unit that selects a specific subject from the image in accordance with a user operation, wherein, in the image including a first subject and a second subject, in a case where the first subject is selected by the selection unit and an effect of the virtual light is to be added,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject, and does not add an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject, and
wherein each unit is implemented by one or more processors, circuitry or a combination thereof. 15. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; detecting a main subject from the first image; extracting another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; setting parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and generating from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the set parameters. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the storage medium storing a program that is executable by the computer, wherein the program includes program code for causing the computer to function as an image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires a first image obtained through shooting and distance information of the first image; a detection unit that detects a main subject from the first image; an extraction unit that extracts another subject from the first image based on the distance information of the main subject; a setting unit that sets parameters of one or more virtual light sources that emit virtual light to the main subject and the extracted other subject; and a processing unit that generates from the first image a second image in which the main subject and the other subject are illuminated with the virtual light using the parameters set by the setting unit. 17. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; detecting a predetermined subject from the image; and adding an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, wherein, in a case where the effect of the virtual light is added to the image including a first subject which can be detected in the detecting step and a second subject which cannot be detected in the detection step,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject is added to the image, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject is added to the image, and an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject is not added to the image. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the storage medium storing a program that is executable by the computer, wherein the program includes program code for causing the computer to function as an image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; a detection unit that detects a specific subject from the image; and a processing unit that adds an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, wherein, in a case where the effect of the virtual light is added by the processing unit to the image including a first subject which can be detected by the detection unit and a second subject which cannot be detected by the detection unit,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject, and does not add an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject. 19. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; adding an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image, and selecting a specific subject from the image in accordance with a user operation, wherein, in the image including a first subject and a second subject, in a case where the first subject is selected in the selecting step and an effect of the virtual light is to be added,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject is added to the image, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject is added to the image, and an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject is not added to the image. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the storage medium storing a program that is executable by the computer, wherein the program includes program code for causing the computer to function as an image processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that acquires an image obtained through shooting and distance information of the image; a processing unit that adds an effect of virtual light illuminating at least a partial area of the image to the image; and a selection unit that selects a specific subject from the image in accordance with a user operation, wherein, in the image including a first subject and a second subject, in a case where the first subject is selected by the selection unit and an effect of the virtual light is to be added,
if a difference between a distance to the first subject and a distance to the second subject is a first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject and the second subject, and
if the difference between the distance to the first subject and the distance to the second subject is a second value that is greater than the first value, the processing unit adds an effect of the virtual light illuminating the first subject, and does not add an effect of the virtual light illuminating the second subject. | 1,700 |
345,801 | 16,804,199 | 1,722 | An example method for facilitating policy-driven storage in a microserver computing environment is provided and includes receiving, at an input/output (I/O) adapter in a microserver chassis having a plurality of compute nodes and a shared storage resource, policy contexts prescribing storage access parameters of respective compute nodes and enforcing the respective policy contexts on I/O operations by the compute nodes, in which respect a particular I/O operation by any compute node is not executed if the respective policy context does not allow the particular I/O operation. The method further includes allocating tokens to command descriptors associated with I/O operations for accessing the shared storage resource, identifying a violation of any policy context of any compute node based on availability of the tokens, and throttling I/O operations by other compute nodes until the violation disappears. | 1. A method for managing policy contexts prescribing storage access parameters of respective compute nodes within a microserver chassis comprising a plurality of compute nodes, a shared storage resource, and an input/output (I/O) adapter, the method comprising:
allocating tokens to command descriptors associated with I/O operations for accessing the shared storage resource; identifying a violation of any policy context of any of the compute nodes based on availability of the tokens, comprising:
sampling flow table entries in the I/O adapter;
determining from the sampling whether any Small Computer System Interface network interface card (sNICs) associated with respective compute nodes are marked as starved; and
identifying as a violation any sNIC marked as starved for unavailability of the token. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising programming a packet classifier in the I/O adapter to filter storage traffic local to the microserver chassis. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising populating a flow table in the I/O adapter with actions according to the any policy context. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the throttling I/O comprises executing a frequency throttler comprising a thread of instructions. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the throttling identifies sNICs associated with respective compute nodes that are throttleable based on respective policy contexts associated with their corresponding compute nodes. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the throttling adds the identified sNICs to a list of throttled sNICs. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the throttling changes a context state in corresponding policy contexts associated with the identified sNICs to indicate that I/O operations are paused, wherein no tokens are awarded to paused sNICs. 8. A non-transitory tangible computer readable media that includes instructions for execution, which when executed by a processor, performs operations comprising:
allocating tokens to command descriptors associated with I/O operations for accessing a shared storage resource; identifying a violation of any policy context of any compute nodes in a microserver chassis based on availability of the tokens, comprising:
sampling flow table entries in the I/O adapter;
determining from the sampling whether any Small Computer System Interface network interface card (sNICs) associated with respective compute nodes are marked as starved; and
identifying as a violation any sNIC marked as starved for unavailability of the token. 9. The media of claim 8, the operations further comprising programming a packet classifier in an I/O adapter of the microserver chassis to filter storage traffic local to the microserver chassis. 10. The media of claim 8, the operations further comprising populating a flow table in an I/O adapter of the microserver chassis with actions according to the any policy context. 11. The media of claim 8, wherein the throttling I/O comprises executing a frequency throttler comprising a thread of instructions. 12. The media of claim 11, wherein the throttling identifies sNICs associated with respective compute nodes that are throttleable based on respective policy contexts associated with their corresponding compute nodes. 13. The media of claim 12, wherein the throttling adds the identified sNICs to a list of throttled sNICs. 14. The media of claim 13, wherein the throttling changes a context state in corresponding policy contexts associated with the identified sNICs to indicate that I/O operations are paused, wherein no tokens are awarded to paused sNICs. 15. An apparatus including a microserver chassis including a plurality of compute nodes; a shared storage resource; an I/O adapter facilitating access by the compute nodes to the shared storage resource over a shared transmission medium; and at least one processor, wherein the processor executes instructions, the apparatus being programmed to perform operations comprising:
allocating tokens to command descriptors associated with I/O operations for accessing the shared storage resource; identifying a violation of any policy context of any of the compute nodes based on availability of the tokens, comprising:
sampling flow table entries in the I/O adapter;
determining from the sampling whether any Small Computer System Interface network interface card (sNICs) associated with respective compute nodes are marked as starved; and
identifying as a violation any sNIC marked as starved for unavailability of the token. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, the operations further comprising programming a packet classifier in the I/O adapter to filter storage traffic local to the microserver chassis. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, the operations further comprising populating a flow table in the I/O adapter with actions according to the any policy context. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the throttling I/O comprises executing a frequency throttler comprising a thread of instructions. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the throttling identifies sNICs associated with respective compute nodes that are throttleable based on respective policy contexts associated with their corresponding compute nodes. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the throttling adds the identified sNICs to a list of throttled sNICs. | An example method for facilitating policy-driven storage in a microserver computing environment is provided and includes receiving, at an input/output (I/O) adapter in a microserver chassis having a plurality of compute nodes and a shared storage resource, policy contexts prescribing storage access parameters of respective compute nodes and enforcing the respective policy contexts on I/O operations by the compute nodes, in which respect a particular I/O operation by any compute node is not executed if the respective policy context does not allow the particular I/O operation. The method further includes allocating tokens to command descriptors associated with I/O operations for accessing the shared storage resource, identifying a violation of any policy context of any compute node based on availability of the tokens, and throttling I/O operations by other compute nodes until the violation disappears.1. A method for managing policy contexts prescribing storage access parameters of respective compute nodes within a microserver chassis comprising a plurality of compute nodes, a shared storage resource, and an input/output (I/O) adapter, the method comprising:
allocating tokens to command descriptors associated with I/O operations for accessing the shared storage resource; identifying a violation of any policy context of any of the compute nodes based on availability of the tokens, comprising:
sampling flow table entries in the I/O adapter;
determining from the sampling whether any Small Computer System Interface network interface card (sNICs) associated with respective compute nodes are marked as starved; and
identifying as a violation any sNIC marked as starved for unavailability of the token. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising programming a packet classifier in the I/O adapter to filter storage traffic local to the microserver chassis. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising populating a flow table in the I/O adapter with actions according to the any policy context. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the throttling I/O comprises executing a frequency throttler comprising a thread of instructions. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the throttling identifies sNICs associated with respective compute nodes that are throttleable based on respective policy contexts associated with their corresponding compute nodes. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the throttling adds the identified sNICs to a list of throttled sNICs. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the throttling changes a context state in corresponding policy contexts associated with the identified sNICs to indicate that I/O operations are paused, wherein no tokens are awarded to paused sNICs. 8. A non-transitory tangible computer readable media that includes instructions for execution, which when executed by a processor, performs operations comprising:
allocating tokens to command descriptors associated with I/O operations for accessing a shared storage resource; identifying a violation of any policy context of any compute nodes in a microserver chassis based on availability of the tokens, comprising:
sampling flow table entries in the I/O adapter;
determining from the sampling whether any Small Computer System Interface network interface card (sNICs) associated with respective compute nodes are marked as starved; and
identifying as a violation any sNIC marked as starved for unavailability of the token. 9. The media of claim 8, the operations further comprising programming a packet classifier in an I/O adapter of the microserver chassis to filter storage traffic local to the microserver chassis. 10. The media of claim 8, the operations further comprising populating a flow table in an I/O adapter of the microserver chassis with actions according to the any policy context. 11. The media of claim 8, wherein the throttling I/O comprises executing a frequency throttler comprising a thread of instructions. 12. The media of claim 11, wherein the throttling identifies sNICs associated with respective compute nodes that are throttleable based on respective policy contexts associated with their corresponding compute nodes. 13. The media of claim 12, wherein the throttling adds the identified sNICs to a list of throttled sNICs. 14. The media of claim 13, wherein the throttling changes a context state in corresponding policy contexts associated with the identified sNICs to indicate that I/O operations are paused, wherein no tokens are awarded to paused sNICs. 15. An apparatus including a microserver chassis including a plurality of compute nodes; a shared storage resource; an I/O adapter facilitating access by the compute nodes to the shared storage resource over a shared transmission medium; and at least one processor, wherein the processor executes instructions, the apparatus being programmed to perform operations comprising:
allocating tokens to command descriptors associated with I/O operations for accessing the shared storage resource; identifying a violation of any policy context of any of the compute nodes based on availability of the tokens, comprising:
sampling flow table entries in the I/O adapter;
determining from the sampling whether any Small Computer System Interface network interface card (sNICs) associated with respective compute nodes are marked as starved; and
identifying as a violation any sNIC marked as starved for unavailability of the token. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, the operations further comprising programming a packet classifier in the I/O adapter to filter storage traffic local to the microserver chassis. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, the operations further comprising populating a flow table in the I/O adapter with actions according to the any policy context. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the throttling I/O comprises executing a frequency throttler comprising a thread of instructions. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the throttling identifies sNICs associated with respective compute nodes that are throttleable based on respective policy contexts associated with their corresponding compute nodes. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the throttling adds the identified sNICs to a list of throttled sNICs. | 1,700 |
345,802 | 16,804,208 | 1,722 | Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards an image sensor having a substrate including a plurality of sidewalls that define a plurality of protrusions along a first side of the substrate. The substrate has a first index of refraction. A photodetector is disposed within the substrate and underlying the plurality of protrusions. A plurality of micro-lenses overlying the first side of the substrate. The micro-lenses have a second index of refraction that is less than the first index of refraction. The micro-lenses are respectively disposed laterally between and directly contact an adjacent pair of protrusions in the plurality of protrusions. Further, the micro-lenses respectively comprise a convex upper surface. | 1. An image sensor, comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of sidewalls that define a plurality of protrusions along a first side of the substrate, wherein the substrate has a first index of refraction; a photodetector disposed within the substrate and underlying the plurality of protrusions; and a plurality of micro-lenses overlying the first side of the substrate, wherein the micro-lenses have a second index of refraction that is less than the first index of refraction, wherein the micro-lenses are respectively disposed laterally between and directly contact an adjacent pair of protrusions in the plurality of protrusions, and wherein the micro-lenses respectively comprise a convex upper surface. 2. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of protrusions are laterally separated from one another by recesses within the first side of the substrate, wherein the plurality of micro-lenses respectively comprise a lens protrusion that fills a corresponding recess. 3. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises silicon and the micro-lenses comprise silicon dioxide. 4. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein a height of the plurality of micro-lenses is greater than a height of the protrusions. 5. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of protrusions comprise a first protrusion and a second protrusion disposed laterally adjacent to one another, wherein the first protrusion comprises a first top point and the second protrusion comprises a second top point, wherein a height of the plurality of protrusions is less than a lateral distance between the first top point and the second top point. 6. The image sensor of claim 5, wherein the plurality of micro-lenses comprises a first micro-lens disposed between the first and second protrusions, wherein a convex upper surface of the first micro-lens is spaced laterally between the first top point of the first protrusion and the second top point of the second protrusion. 7. The image sensor of claim 6, wherein the first micro-lens is configured to direct incident electromagnetic radiation towards a focal point underlying the convex upper surface of the first micro-lens, wherein the focal point is spaced laterally between the first and second protrusions, and wherein the focal point is spaced vertically above a bottom surface of the plurality of protrusions. 8. An integrated chip, comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of first protrusions along a back-side of the substrate, where the substrate comprises a first material with a first index of refraction; an interconnect structure disposed along a front-side of the substrate; a photodetector disposed within the substrate and underlying the plurality of first protrusions; a passivation layer arranged on and between the plurality of first protrusions, wherein the passivation layer comprises a plurality of second protrusions along an upper surface of the passivation layer, wherein the plurality of second protrusions is different than the plurality of first protrusions, wherein the passivation layer comprises a second material with a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction; and a light filter overlying the passivation layer. 9. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein the first protrusions respectively have a triangular shape and the second protrusions respectively have a semicircular shape. 10. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein a lower surface of the passivation layer comprises a plurality of third protrusions that engagedly meet a plurality of recesses spaced between the plurality of first protrusions of the substrate. 11. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein the first index of refraction is at least two times greater than the second index of refraction. 12. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein the photodetector is configured to generate electrical signals from near infrared (NIR) radiation. 13. The integrated chip of claim 12, wherein a thickness of the substrate is within a range of about 4 to 6 micrometers. 14. The integrated chip of claim 8, further comprising:
an upper lens overlying the light filter, wherein an upper surface of the upper lens is convex. 15. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein a bottom surface of the light filter directly contacts the plurality of second protrusions. 16. A method of forming an image sensor, comprising:
performing an ion implant process to define a photodetector within a substrate; etching a first side of the substrate to define a plurality of protrusions overlying the photodetector; depositing a dielectric layer over the plurality of protrusions, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a first material; depositing an anti-reflection coating (ARC) layer over the dielectric layer, wherein the ARC layer comprises a second material different than the first material; performing a first patterning process on the ARC layer; and performing a second patterning process on the dielectric layer and the ARC layer, thereby defining a plurality of micro-lenses that respectively have a concave upper surface, wherein the dielectric layer is etched at a first rate during the second patterning process and the ARC layer is etched at a second rate during the second patterning process, wherein the first rate is greater than the second rate. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the second patterning process includes performing a blanket dry etch process. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
forming a light filter over the plurality of micro-lenses such that the light filter directly contacts the micro-lenses. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
forming an upper lens over the light filter such that the upper lens has a curved upper surface. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the second patterning process includes exposing the dielectric layer and the ARC layer to one or more etchants, wherein the one or more etchants comprise octafluorocyclobutane and/or trifluoromethane. | Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards an image sensor having a substrate including a plurality of sidewalls that define a plurality of protrusions along a first side of the substrate. The substrate has a first index of refraction. A photodetector is disposed within the substrate and underlying the plurality of protrusions. A plurality of micro-lenses overlying the first side of the substrate. The micro-lenses have a second index of refraction that is less than the first index of refraction. The micro-lenses are respectively disposed laterally between and directly contact an adjacent pair of protrusions in the plurality of protrusions. Further, the micro-lenses respectively comprise a convex upper surface.1. An image sensor, comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of sidewalls that define a plurality of protrusions along a first side of the substrate, wherein the substrate has a first index of refraction; a photodetector disposed within the substrate and underlying the plurality of protrusions; and a plurality of micro-lenses overlying the first side of the substrate, wherein the micro-lenses have a second index of refraction that is less than the first index of refraction, wherein the micro-lenses are respectively disposed laterally between and directly contact an adjacent pair of protrusions in the plurality of protrusions, and wherein the micro-lenses respectively comprise a convex upper surface. 2. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of protrusions are laterally separated from one another by recesses within the first side of the substrate, wherein the plurality of micro-lenses respectively comprise a lens protrusion that fills a corresponding recess. 3. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises silicon and the micro-lenses comprise silicon dioxide. 4. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein a height of the plurality of micro-lenses is greater than a height of the protrusions. 5. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of protrusions comprise a first protrusion and a second protrusion disposed laterally adjacent to one another, wherein the first protrusion comprises a first top point and the second protrusion comprises a second top point, wherein a height of the plurality of protrusions is less than a lateral distance between the first top point and the second top point. 6. The image sensor of claim 5, wherein the plurality of micro-lenses comprises a first micro-lens disposed between the first and second protrusions, wherein a convex upper surface of the first micro-lens is spaced laterally between the first top point of the first protrusion and the second top point of the second protrusion. 7. The image sensor of claim 6, wherein the first micro-lens is configured to direct incident electromagnetic radiation towards a focal point underlying the convex upper surface of the first micro-lens, wherein the focal point is spaced laterally between the first and second protrusions, and wherein the focal point is spaced vertically above a bottom surface of the plurality of protrusions. 8. An integrated chip, comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of first protrusions along a back-side of the substrate, where the substrate comprises a first material with a first index of refraction; an interconnect structure disposed along a front-side of the substrate; a photodetector disposed within the substrate and underlying the plurality of first protrusions; a passivation layer arranged on and between the plurality of first protrusions, wherein the passivation layer comprises a plurality of second protrusions along an upper surface of the passivation layer, wherein the plurality of second protrusions is different than the plurality of first protrusions, wherein the passivation layer comprises a second material with a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction; and a light filter overlying the passivation layer. 9. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein the first protrusions respectively have a triangular shape and the second protrusions respectively have a semicircular shape. 10. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein a lower surface of the passivation layer comprises a plurality of third protrusions that engagedly meet a plurality of recesses spaced between the plurality of first protrusions of the substrate. 11. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein the first index of refraction is at least two times greater than the second index of refraction. 12. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein the photodetector is configured to generate electrical signals from near infrared (NIR) radiation. 13. The integrated chip of claim 12, wherein a thickness of the substrate is within a range of about 4 to 6 micrometers. 14. The integrated chip of claim 8, further comprising:
an upper lens overlying the light filter, wherein an upper surface of the upper lens is convex. 15. The integrated chip of claim 8, wherein a bottom surface of the light filter directly contacts the plurality of second protrusions. 16. A method of forming an image sensor, comprising:
performing an ion implant process to define a photodetector within a substrate; etching a first side of the substrate to define a plurality of protrusions overlying the photodetector; depositing a dielectric layer over the plurality of protrusions, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a first material; depositing an anti-reflection coating (ARC) layer over the dielectric layer, wherein the ARC layer comprises a second material different than the first material; performing a first patterning process on the ARC layer; and performing a second patterning process on the dielectric layer and the ARC layer, thereby defining a plurality of micro-lenses that respectively have a concave upper surface, wherein the dielectric layer is etched at a first rate during the second patterning process and the ARC layer is etched at a second rate during the second patterning process, wherein the first rate is greater than the second rate. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the second patterning process includes performing a blanket dry etch process. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
forming a light filter over the plurality of micro-lenses such that the light filter directly contacts the micro-lenses. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
forming an upper lens over the light filter such that the upper lens has a curved upper surface. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the second patterning process includes exposing the dielectric layer and the ARC layer to one or more etchants, wherein the one or more etchants comprise octafluorocyclobutane and/or trifluoromethane. | 1,700 |
345,803 | 16,804,173 | 1,722 | The invention provides a method for detecting a low-virulence infection in a patient, by distinguishing true infections from false positives. The method comprises testing for the presence or amount of commensal microorganism(s) in a patient sample, and in particular, the commensal microorganism is one that may be causative of a low-virulence infection. Since testing for commensal microorganisms will lead to a large number of false-positives due to frequent sample contamination, the sample is also tested to discriminate true chronic infection from these false positives. In accordance with the invention, false positives are discriminated by evaluating a nucleic acid profile from the sample. | 1. A method for detecting a low-virulence infection in a patient, comprising: testing for the presence or level of a commensal microorganism in a patient sample, the commensal microorganism being causative of low-virulence infections, evaluating an RNA profile from the sample for an RNA signature indicative of a low-virulence infection to discriminate false positives and/or false negatives from true low-virulence infections. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has symptoms of an inflammatory condition. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the symptoms of an inflammatory condition are selected from degenerative disc disease (DDD), chronic lower back pain (CLBP), joint or cartilage inflammation, inflammation-associated with an implant or prosthetic, endocarditis, suspected infected intravenous port system, or gastric ulcer, prostatitis, prostate cancer. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the sample comprises cartilage, or tissue or cells from an anaerobic environment. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the sample is intervertebral disc tissue. 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has a history of chronic low back pain (CLBP) and/or failed back surgery. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has a history of pseudoarthrosis. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein the sample is taken at the time of surgery, or wherein the sample is taken by biopsy prior to surgery. 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the sample is tested for the presence or level of Propionibacterium acne. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is tested for the presence of level of one or more of Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., E. coli, Moraxella sp., Haemophilus sp., Neisseria sp., Clostridium sp., Enterobacter sp., and Klebsiella sp. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the sample is digested, and DNA is isolated. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein DNA of the commensal microorganism is amplified. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the commensal microorganism(s) are detected or quantified in the sample by PCR, culture, immunochemistry, spectroscopy, in situ hybridization, or metagenomic analysis. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA signature is trained with RNA profiles from infected clinical samples, and RNA profiles from uninfected clinical samples. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA signature is trained with RNA profiles from clinical samples that test positive for the presence or abundance of the commensal microorganism, and clinical samples that test negative or non-abundant for the presence of the commensal microorganism. 19-28. (canceled) 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA signature includes the relative expression of no more than 100 RNAs, or no more than 75 RNAs, or no more than 50 RNAs, or no more than 25 RNAs, or no more than 10 RNAs, or no more than 5 RNAs, or no more than 4 RNAs. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the RNA signature includes the relative expression of two or three RNAs. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the RNAs are miRNAs selected from Table 2. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the RNAs are miRNAs selected from Table 4, Table 5, or FIG. 8. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the RNA signature includes the relative expression level of one or both of miR-29a-3p and miR-574-3p. 34-36. (canceled) 37. A method for detecting a low-virulence infection of a commensal microorganism in a clinical tissue sample, the method comprising:
detecting a miRNA profile in the tissue, and evaluating the miRNA profile for a miRNA signature indicative of a low-virulence infection, the miRNA signature trained with miRNA profiles from tissue samples that are positive for the presence or abundance of the commensal microorganism by at least two detection methods, and from tissue samples that are negative for the presence or abundance of the commensal microorganism by the at least two methods. 38-64. (canceled) 65. A method for treating a low-virulence infection, comprising:
administering an antibiotic to a patient determined to have a low-virulence infection, the low-virulence infection detected by the presence of an RNA signature in cells from the location, the RNA signature indicative of low-virulence infections. 66-94. (canceled) | The invention provides a method for detecting a low-virulence infection in a patient, by distinguishing true infections from false positives. The method comprises testing for the presence or amount of commensal microorganism(s) in a patient sample, and in particular, the commensal microorganism is one that may be causative of a low-virulence infection. Since testing for commensal microorganisms will lead to a large number of false-positives due to frequent sample contamination, the sample is also tested to discriminate true chronic infection from these false positives. In accordance with the invention, false positives are discriminated by evaluating a nucleic acid profile from the sample.1. A method for detecting a low-virulence infection in a patient, comprising: testing for the presence or level of a commensal microorganism in a patient sample, the commensal microorganism being causative of low-virulence infections, evaluating an RNA profile from the sample for an RNA signature indicative of a low-virulence infection to discriminate false positives and/or false negatives from true low-virulence infections. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has symptoms of an inflammatory condition. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the symptoms of an inflammatory condition are selected from degenerative disc disease (DDD), chronic lower back pain (CLBP), joint or cartilage inflammation, inflammation-associated with an implant or prosthetic, endocarditis, suspected infected intravenous port system, or gastric ulcer, prostatitis, prostate cancer. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the sample comprises cartilage, or tissue or cells from an anaerobic environment. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the sample is intervertebral disc tissue. 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has a history of chronic low back pain (CLBP) and/or failed back surgery. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has a history of pseudoarthrosis. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein the sample is taken at the time of surgery, or wherein the sample is taken by biopsy prior to surgery. 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the sample is tested for the presence or level of Propionibacterium acne. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is tested for the presence of level of one or more of Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., E. coli, Moraxella sp., Haemophilus sp., Neisseria sp., Clostridium sp., Enterobacter sp., and Klebsiella sp. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the sample is digested, and DNA is isolated. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein DNA of the commensal microorganism is amplified. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the commensal microorganism(s) are detected or quantified in the sample by PCR, culture, immunochemistry, spectroscopy, in situ hybridization, or metagenomic analysis. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA signature is trained with RNA profiles from infected clinical samples, and RNA profiles from uninfected clinical samples. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA signature is trained with RNA profiles from clinical samples that test positive for the presence or abundance of the commensal microorganism, and clinical samples that test negative or non-abundant for the presence of the commensal microorganism. 19-28. (canceled) 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA signature includes the relative expression of no more than 100 RNAs, or no more than 75 RNAs, or no more than 50 RNAs, or no more than 25 RNAs, or no more than 10 RNAs, or no more than 5 RNAs, or no more than 4 RNAs. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the RNA signature includes the relative expression of two or three RNAs. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the RNAs are miRNAs selected from Table 2. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the RNAs are miRNAs selected from Table 4, Table 5, or FIG. 8. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the RNA signature includes the relative expression level of one or both of miR-29a-3p and miR-574-3p. 34-36. (canceled) 37. A method for detecting a low-virulence infection of a commensal microorganism in a clinical tissue sample, the method comprising:
detecting a miRNA profile in the tissue, and evaluating the miRNA profile for a miRNA signature indicative of a low-virulence infection, the miRNA signature trained with miRNA profiles from tissue samples that are positive for the presence or abundance of the commensal microorganism by at least two detection methods, and from tissue samples that are negative for the presence or abundance of the commensal microorganism by the at least two methods. 38-64. (canceled) 65. A method for treating a low-virulence infection, comprising:
administering an antibiotic to a patient determined to have a low-virulence infection, the low-virulence infection detected by the presence of an RNA signature in cells from the location, the RNA signature indicative of low-virulence infections. 66-94. (canceled) | 1,700 |
345,804 | 16,804,224 | 1,741 | The present invention relates to a process for producing a boron containing glass, comprising melting raw materials including boron compounds in a submerged combustion melter (11), withdrawing flue gases from said melter and recovering heat from said flue gases in appropriate heat recovery equipment prior to release into the environment. | 1. A process for producing a boron containing glass, comprising melting raw materials including boron compounds in a submerged combustion melter (10), the boron content of the glass melt expressed as B2O3 being greater than 2 w % and up to 15 w %, withdrawing flue gases from said melter and recovering heat from said flue gases in heat recovery equipment prior to release into the environment, the boron content of the glass expressed as B2O3 being ≥2 w % and ≤15 w %. 2. (canceled) 3. The process of claim 1 wherein the glass melt is withdrawn from the submerged combustion melter and led to a refining step and subsequent glass forming step, said glass forming step comprising the formation of flat glass, glass containers, glass fibers or continuous glass fibers. 4. The process of claim 1 wherein the glass melt is withdrawn from the submerged combustion melter and transferred to a glass fiber production unit, without any intermediate refining step, for production of mineral wool fibers selected from glass wool fibers and stone wool fibers. 5. The process of claim 1 wherein the submerged combustion melter (10) comprises a melting chamber (11) equipped with submerged combustion burners (21,22,23,24,25,26), a raw material feeder (15) and a melt outlet (16), the submerged combustion burners being arranged in a substantially annular burner zone on a substantially circular burner line (27), through the bottom (13) of the said melting chamber, at a distance between adjacent burners and controlled in such a way that flames do not merge, and said burners having a central burner axis (31,32,33,34,35,36) oriented in an substantially vertical upright or slightly outwardly oriented burner orientation. 6. The process of claim 5 wherein adjacent melter burners (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) are arranged at a distance of about 250-1250 mm, or about 500-900 mm, or about 600-800 mm, or about 650-750 mm. 7. The process of claim 5 wherein the burners (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) are arranged at a distance of about 250-500 mm from the side wall of said melting chamber. 8. The process of claim 5 wherein the burner circle diameter (27) is comprised between about 1200 and 2000 mm. 9. The process of claim 5 wherein at least 5 burners (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), or 6 to 10 burners, or 6 to 8 burners are arranged within the burner zone. 10. The process of claim 5 wherein the cross section of the melting chamber (11) is selected from a substantially cylindrical cross section, an elliptical cross section and a polygonal cross section having more than 4 sides, or more than 5 sides. 11. The process of claim 1 wherein the submerged burners (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) inject high pressure jets of the combustion products into the melt, with the combustion gases having a velocity in the range of about 60 to 300 m/s, about 100 to 200 m/s, or about 110 to 160 m/s. 12. The process of claim 5 wherein the melting chamber walls comprise double steel walls separated by circulating cooling liquid, the internal face of the melter wall being optionally equipped with tabs or pastilles or other small elements projecting towards the inside of the melter. 13. The process of claim 1 wherein heat is recovered from the flue gases in a heat exchanger without prior reduction in the boron content of the flue gases. 14. The process of claim 1 wherein recovery of heat from the flue gases comprises transferring heat energy from the flue gases to a heat exchanger fluid. 15. A method of recovering energy from flue gases produced when melting a boron containing glass, comprising withdrawing flue gases from a submerged combustion melter and recovering heat from said flue gases, wherein no elimination of volatile boron compounds takes place upstream of heat recovery or heat transfer equipment. | The present invention relates to a process for producing a boron containing glass, comprising melting raw materials including boron compounds in a submerged combustion melter (11), withdrawing flue gases from said melter and recovering heat from said flue gases in appropriate heat recovery equipment prior to release into the environment.1. A process for producing a boron containing glass, comprising melting raw materials including boron compounds in a submerged combustion melter (10), the boron content of the glass melt expressed as B2O3 being greater than 2 w % and up to 15 w %, withdrawing flue gases from said melter and recovering heat from said flue gases in heat recovery equipment prior to release into the environment, the boron content of the glass expressed as B2O3 being ≥2 w % and ≤15 w %. 2. (canceled) 3. The process of claim 1 wherein the glass melt is withdrawn from the submerged combustion melter and led to a refining step and subsequent glass forming step, said glass forming step comprising the formation of flat glass, glass containers, glass fibers or continuous glass fibers. 4. The process of claim 1 wherein the glass melt is withdrawn from the submerged combustion melter and transferred to a glass fiber production unit, without any intermediate refining step, for production of mineral wool fibers selected from glass wool fibers and stone wool fibers. 5. The process of claim 1 wherein the submerged combustion melter (10) comprises a melting chamber (11) equipped with submerged combustion burners (21,22,23,24,25,26), a raw material feeder (15) and a melt outlet (16), the submerged combustion burners being arranged in a substantially annular burner zone on a substantially circular burner line (27), through the bottom (13) of the said melting chamber, at a distance between adjacent burners and controlled in such a way that flames do not merge, and said burners having a central burner axis (31,32,33,34,35,36) oriented in an substantially vertical upright or slightly outwardly oriented burner orientation. 6. The process of claim 5 wherein adjacent melter burners (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) are arranged at a distance of about 250-1250 mm, or about 500-900 mm, or about 600-800 mm, or about 650-750 mm. 7. The process of claim 5 wherein the burners (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) are arranged at a distance of about 250-500 mm from the side wall of said melting chamber. 8. The process of claim 5 wherein the burner circle diameter (27) is comprised between about 1200 and 2000 mm. 9. The process of claim 5 wherein at least 5 burners (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), or 6 to 10 burners, or 6 to 8 burners are arranged within the burner zone. 10. The process of claim 5 wherein the cross section of the melting chamber (11) is selected from a substantially cylindrical cross section, an elliptical cross section and a polygonal cross section having more than 4 sides, or more than 5 sides. 11. The process of claim 1 wherein the submerged burners (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) inject high pressure jets of the combustion products into the melt, with the combustion gases having a velocity in the range of about 60 to 300 m/s, about 100 to 200 m/s, or about 110 to 160 m/s. 12. The process of claim 5 wherein the melting chamber walls comprise double steel walls separated by circulating cooling liquid, the internal face of the melter wall being optionally equipped with tabs or pastilles or other small elements projecting towards the inside of the melter. 13. The process of claim 1 wherein heat is recovered from the flue gases in a heat exchanger without prior reduction in the boron content of the flue gases. 14. The process of claim 1 wherein recovery of heat from the flue gases comprises transferring heat energy from the flue gases to a heat exchanger fluid. 15. A method of recovering energy from flue gases produced when melting a boron containing glass, comprising withdrawing flue gases from a submerged combustion melter and recovering heat from said flue gases, wherein no elimination of volatile boron compounds takes place upstream of heat recovery or heat transfer equipment. | 1,700 |
345,805 | 16,804,172 | 1,741 | Systems and methods for authenticating a user for a service provider system. A request to authenticate a user is received from a service provider system in an authentication management system. An authentication request is transmitted from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user. An authentication confirmation is received from the registered device in the authentication management system. An authentication verification is provided to the service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. | 1. A method for authenticating a user for a service provider system comprising:
receiving a request to authenticate a user from a service provider system in an authentication management system; transmitting an authentication request from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user; receiving an authentication confirmation from the registered device in the authentication management system; and transmitting an authentication verification to service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
maintaining a user database in the authentication management system that stores a plurality of user records wherein each of the plurality of user records includes a user identification, a list of registered devices associated with the user, a list of service providers associated with the user, and authentication information for each service provider in the list of service providers. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the request to authenticate the user includes the user identification. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
determining the registered device to receive the authentication request using the list of registered devices in a user record from the plurality of users records that is associated with the user identification in the authentication request. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein authentication verification includes authentication information of the user for the service provider and the method further comprises retrieving the authentication information for the service provider from the user record associated with the user in response to the authentication information. 6. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving a request from a new user device to add the new user device to the list of registered devices of the user in the authentication management system;
transmitting a new device confirmation from the authentication management system to a registered device of the user;
receiving a new device authorization from the registered device of the user in the authentication management system; and
adding the new user device to the list of registered devices in the user record associated with the user using the authentication management system. 7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving a request to add a new service provider for the user from a registered device associated with the user in the authentication management system;
obtaining authentication information for the new service provider using the authentication management system;
transmitting the user identification of the user and the obtained authentication information for the new service provider to the service provider system from the authentication management system to store for later use; and
adding the new service provider and the authentication information for the new service provider to the user record associated with the user. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining of the authentication information for the new service provider comprises receiving a user input password from the registered device. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining of the authentication information for the new service provider comprises generating the authentication information using a random generating process. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
performing an authentication process on the registered device prior to transmitting the authentication confirmation from the registered device. 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a request from a service provider system to take a specific action regarding an account of the user in the authentication management system;
transmitting an authorization request for the specific action from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user;
receiving an authorization confirmation from the registered device in the authentication management system; and
transmitting an authorization message from the authentication management system to the service provider system in response to receiving the authorization confirmation. 12. The method of claim 12 further comprises:
transmitting information relating to the specific action from the authentication management system to the registered device. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
displaying the information relating to the specific action on the registered device. 14. The method of claim 1 comprising:
pushing the authentication request from the authentication management system to the display of the registered device. 15. A system for authenticating a user for a service provider system comprising:
an authentication management system comprising:
one or more processors;
a non-transitory media readable by the one or more processors; and
instructions stored in the non-transitory media that when read by the one or more processors direct the one or more processors to:
receive a request to authenticate a user from a service provider system;
transmit an authentication request to a registered device associated with the user;
receive an authentication confirmation from the registered device; and
transmit an authentication verification to service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. 16. The system of claim 15 wherein the instructions further direct the one or more processor to maintain a user database in a memory system of the authentication management system that stores a plurality of user records wherein each of the plurality of user records includes a user identification, a list of registered devices associated with the user, a list of service providers associated with the user, and authentication information for each service provider in the list of service providers. 17. The system of claim 15 further comprising:
instructions stored on a non-transitory media readable by a processor in a user device, the instructions directing the processor in the user device to:
receive the authentication request from the authentication management system,
present the request on a display of the user device,
receive an input confirming the authentication, and
transmit the authentication confirmation to the authentication management system in response to receiving the input. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the instructions stored in the non-transitory media in the user device require an authentication process for unlocking the user device be active. 19. The system of claim 15 further comprising:
instructions stored on a non-transitory media readable by one or more processors in a service provider system that when read by the one or more processors direct the one or more processors to:
receive a request for access from a user from a device associated with the user
transmit the request to authenticate the user to the authentication management system,
receive the authentication verification from the authentication management system; and
allow the user to access a provided service in response to receiving the authentication verification. | Systems and methods for authenticating a user for a service provider system. A request to authenticate a user is received from a service provider system in an authentication management system. An authentication request is transmitted from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user. An authentication confirmation is received from the registered device in the authentication management system. An authentication verification is provided to the service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation.1. A method for authenticating a user for a service provider system comprising:
receiving a request to authenticate a user from a service provider system in an authentication management system; transmitting an authentication request from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user; receiving an authentication confirmation from the registered device in the authentication management system; and transmitting an authentication verification to service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
maintaining a user database in the authentication management system that stores a plurality of user records wherein each of the plurality of user records includes a user identification, a list of registered devices associated with the user, a list of service providers associated with the user, and authentication information for each service provider in the list of service providers. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the request to authenticate the user includes the user identification. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
determining the registered device to receive the authentication request using the list of registered devices in a user record from the plurality of users records that is associated with the user identification in the authentication request. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein authentication verification includes authentication information of the user for the service provider and the method further comprises retrieving the authentication information for the service provider from the user record associated with the user in response to the authentication information. 6. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving a request from a new user device to add the new user device to the list of registered devices of the user in the authentication management system;
transmitting a new device confirmation from the authentication management system to a registered device of the user;
receiving a new device authorization from the registered device of the user in the authentication management system; and
adding the new user device to the list of registered devices in the user record associated with the user using the authentication management system. 7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving a request to add a new service provider for the user from a registered device associated with the user in the authentication management system;
obtaining authentication information for the new service provider using the authentication management system;
transmitting the user identification of the user and the obtained authentication information for the new service provider to the service provider system from the authentication management system to store for later use; and
adding the new service provider and the authentication information for the new service provider to the user record associated with the user. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining of the authentication information for the new service provider comprises receiving a user input password from the registered device. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining of the authentication information for the new service provider comprises generating the authentication information using a random generating process. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
performing an authentication process on the registered device prior to transmitting the authentication confirmation from the registered device. 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a request from a service provider system to take a specific action regarding an account of the user in the authentication management system;
transmitting an authorization request for the specific action from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user;
receiving an authorization confirmation from the registered device in the authentication management system; and
transmitting an authorization message from the authentication management system to the service provider system in response to receiving the authorization confirmation. 12. The method of claim 12 further comprises:
transmitting information relating to the specific action from the authentication management system to the registered device. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
displaying the information relating to the specific action on the registered device. 14. The method of claim 1 comprising:
pushing the authentication request from the authentication management system to the display of the registered device. 15. A system for authenticating a user for a service provider system comprising:
an authentication management system comprising:
one or more processors;
a non-transitory media readable by the one or more processors; and
instructions stored in the non-transitory media that when read by the one or more processors direct the one or more processors to:
receive a request to authenticate a user from a service provider system;
transmit an authentication request to a registered device associated with the user;
receive an authentication confirmation from the registered device; and
transmit an authentication verification to service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. 16. The system of claim 15 wherein the instructions further direct the one or more processor to maintain a user database in a memory system of the authentication management system that stores a plurality of user records wherein each of the plurality of user records includes a user identification, a list of registered devices associated with the user, a list of service providers associated with the user, and authentication information for each service provider in the list of service providers. 17. The system of claim 15 further comprising:
instructions stored on a non-transitory media readable by a processor in a user device, the instructions directing the processor in the user device to:
receive the authentication request from the authentication management system,
present the request on a display of the user device,
receive an input confirming the authentication, and
transmit the authentication confirmation to the authentication management system in response to receiving the input. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the instructions stored in the non-transitory media in the user device require an authentication process for unlocking the user device be active. 19. The system of claim 15 further comprising:
instructions stored on a non-transitory media readable by one or more processors in a service provider system that when read by the one or more processors direct the one or more processors to:
receive a request for access from a user from a device associated with the user
transmit the request to authenticate the user to the authentication management system,
receive the authentication verification from the authentication management system; and
allow the user to access a provided service in response to receiving the authentication verification. | 1,700 |
345,806 | 16,804,232 | 1,791 | Systems and methods for authenticating a user for a service provider system. A request to authenticate a user is received from a service provider system in an authentication management system. An authentication request is transmitted from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user. An authentication confirmation is received from the registered device in the authentication management system. An authentication verification is provided to the service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. | 1. A method for authenticating a user for a service provider system comprising:
receiving a request to authenticate a user from a service provider system in an authentication management system; transmitting an authentication request from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user; receiving an authentication confirmation from the registered device in the authentication management system; and transmitting an authentication verification to service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
maintaining a user database in the authentication management system that stores a plurality of user records wherein each of the plurality of user records includes a user identification, a list of registered devices associated with the user, a list of service providers associated with the user, and authentication information for each service provider in the list of service providers. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the request to authenticate the user includes the user identification. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
determining the registered device to receive the authentication request using the list of registered devices in a user record from the plurality of users records that is associated with the user identification in the authentication request. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein authentication verification includes authentication information of the user for the service provider and the method further comprises retrieving the authentication information for the service provider from the user record associated with the user in response to the authentication information. 6. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving a request from a new user device to add the new user device to the list of registered devices of the user in the authentication management system;
transmitting a new device confirmation from the authentication management system to a registered device of the user;
receiving a new device authorization from the registered device of the user in the authentication management system; and
adding the new user device to the list of registered devices in the user record associated with the user using the authentication management system. 7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving a request to add a new service provider for the user from a registered device associated with the user in the authentication management system;
obtaining authentication information for the new service provider using the authentication management system;
transmitting the user identification of the user and the obtained authentication information for the new service provider to the service provider system from the authentication management system to store for later use; and
adding the new service provider and the authentication information for the new service provider to the user record associated with the user. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining of the authentication information for the new service provider comprises receiving a user input password from the registered device. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining of the authentication information for the new service provider comprises generating the authentication information using a random generating process. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
performing an authentication process on the registered device prior to transmitting the authentication confirmation from the registered device. 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a request from a service provider system to take a specific action regarding an account of the user in the authentication management system;
transmitting an authorization request for the specific action from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user;
receiving an authorization confirmation from the registered device in the authentication management system; and
transmitting an authorization message from the authentication management system to the service provider system in response to receiving the authorization confirmation. 12. The method of claim 12 further comprises:
transmitting information relating to the specific action from the authentication management system to the registered device. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
displaying the information relating to the specific action on the registered device. 14. The method of claim 1 comprising:
pushing the authentication request from the authentication management system to the display of the registered device. 15. A system for authenticating a user for a service provider system comprising:
an authentication management system comprising:
one or more processors;
a non-transitory media readable by the one or more processors; and
instructions stored in the non-transitory media that when read by the one or more processors direct the one or more processors to:
receive a request to authenticate a user from a service provider system;
transmit an authentication request to a registered device associated with the user;
receive an authentication confirmation from the registered device; and
transmit an authentication verification to service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. 16. The system of claim 15 wherein the instructions further direct the one or more processor to maintain a user database in a memory system of the authentication management system that stores a plurality of user records wherein each of the plurality of user records includes a user identification, a list of registered devices associated with the user, a list of service providers associated with the user, and authentication information for each service provider in the list of service providers. 17. The system of claim 15 further comprising:
instructions stored on a non-transitory media readable by a processor in a user device, the instructions directing the processor in the user device to:
receive the authentication request from the authentication management system,
present the request on a display of the user device,
receive an input confirming the authentication, and
transmit the authentication confirmation to the authentication management system in response to receiving the input. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the instructions stored in the non-transitory media in the user device require an authentication process for unlocking the user device be active. 19. The system of claim 15 further comprising:
instructions stored on a non-transitory media readable by one or more processors in a service provider system that when read by the one or more processors direct the one or more processors to:
receive a request for access from a user from a device associated with the user
transmit the request to authenticate the user to the authentication management system,
receive the authentication verification from the authentication management system; and
allow the user to access a provided service in response to receiving the authentication verification. | Systems and methods for authenticating a user for a service provider system. A request to authenticate a user is received from a service provider system in an authentication management system. An authentication request is transmitted from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user. An authentication confirmation is received from the registered device in the authentication management system. An authentication verification is provided to the service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation.1. A method for authenticating a user for a service provider system comprising:
receiving a request to authenticate a user from a service provider system in an authentication management system; transmitting an authentication request from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user; receiving an authentication confirmation from the registered device in the authentication management system; and transmitting an authentication verification to service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
maintaining a user database in the authentication management system that stores a plurality of user records wherein each of the plurality of user records includes a user identification, a list of registered devices associated with the user, a list of service providers associated with the user, and authentication information for each service provider in the list of service providers. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the request to authenticate the user includes the user identification. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
determining the registered device to receive the authentication request using the list of registered devices in a user record from the plurality of users records that is associated with the user identification in the authentication request. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein authentication verification includes authentication information of the user for the service provider and the method further comprises retrieving the authentication information for the service provider from the user record associated with the user in response to the authentication information. 6. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving a request from a new user device to add the new user device to the list of registered devices of the user in the authentication management system;
transmitting a new device confirmation from the authentication management system to a registered device of the user;
receiving a new device authorization from the registered device of the user in the authentication management system; and
adding the new user device to the list of registered devices in the user record associated with the user using the authentication management system. 7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
receiving a request to add a new service provider for the user from a registered device associated with the user in the authentication management system;
obtaining authentication information for the new service provider using the authentication management system;
transmitting the user identification of the user and the obtained authentication information for the new service provider to the service provider system from the authentication management system to store for later use; and
adding the new service provider and the authentication information for the new service provider to the user record associated with the user. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining of the authentication information for the new service provider comprises receiving a user input password from the registered device. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein the obtaining of the authentication information for the new service provider comprises generating the authentication information using a random generating process. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
performing an authentication process on the registered device prior to transmitting the authentication confirmation from the registered device. 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a request from a service provider system to take a specific action regarding an account of the user in the authentication management system;
transmitting an authorization request for the specific action from the authentication management system to a registered device associated with the user;
receiving an authorization confirmation from the registered device in the authentication management system; and
transmitting an authorization message from the authentication management system to the service provider system in response to receiving the authorization confirmation. 12. The method of claim 12 further comprises:
transmitting information relating to the specific action from the authentication management system to the registered device. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
displaying the information relating to the specific action on the registered device. 14. The method of claim 1 comprising:
pushing the authentication request from the authentication management system to the display of the registered device. 15. A system for authenticating a user for a service provider system comprising:
an authentication management system comprising:
one or more processors;
a non-transitory media readable by the one or more processors; and
instructions stored in the non-transitory media that when read by the one or more processors direct the one or more processors to:
receive a request to authenticate a user from a service provider system;
transmit an authentication request to a registered device associated with the user;
receive an authentication confirmation from the registered device; and
transmit an authentication verification to service provider system in response to receiving the authentication confirmation. 16. The system of claim 15 wherein the instructions further direct the one or more processor to maintain a user database in a memory system of the authentication management system that stores a plurality of user records wherein each of the plurality of user records includes a user identification, a list of registered devices associated with the user, a list of service providers associated with the user, and authentication information for each service provider in the list of service providers. 17. The system of claim 15 further comprising:
instructions stored on a non-transitory media readable by a processor in a user device, the instructions directing the processor in the user device to:
receive the authentication request from the authentication management system,
present the request on a display of the user device,
receive an input confirming the authentication, and
transmit the authentication confirmation to the authentication management system in response to receiving the input. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the instructions stored in the non-transitory media in the user device require an authentication process for unlocking the user device be active. 19. The system of claim 15 further comprising:
instructions stored on a non-transitory media readable by one or more processors in a service provider system that when read by the one or more processors direct the one or more processors to:
receive a request for access from a user from a device associated with the user
transmit the request to authenticate the user to the authentication management system,
receive the authentication verification from the authentication management system; and
allow the user to access a provided service in response to receiving the authentication verification. | 1,700 |
345,807 | 16,804,200 | 1,791 | A system for processing voice responses is disclosed. The system is configured to store a correlation table identifying relationships between self-service routines, tags, and corresponding actions. The system receives a call from a user and issues a query in response to the call. The system receives an utterance from the user in response to the user and determines whether the utterance matches a pre-defined response. If there is no match, the system analyzes the utterance with a pre-defined statistical language model and identifies a service tag for the utterance. The system then associates the utterance with the service tag and a self-service routine that is associated with the call. The system identifies an action from the correlation table that correlates to the service tag and the self-service routine. | 1. A system for processing voice responses, comprising:
a memory configured to store:
a plurality of self-service routines, a plurality of service tags, and a plurality of actions, each action correlating to at least one self-service routine and at least one service tag; and
a plurality of pre-defined responses associated with the plurality of self-service routines, each self-service routine associated with a subset of the plurality of pre-defined responses;
an interactive voice response engine communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to receive a first utterance; and a natural language processing engine configured to:
analyze the first utterance with a statistical language model;
identify one or more keywords of the first utterance based on the analysis;
determine a service tag of the first utterance based on the one or more keywords;
compare the service tag of the first utterance with each of the plurality of service tags;
in response to determining that the service tag of the first utterance matches a first service tag, associate the first utterance with the first service tag and the first self-service routine; and
identify a first action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the first self-service routine. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first utterance is received in response to a query that comprises a first subset of the predefined responses. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the interactive voice response engine is further configured to:
identify a first subset of the pre-defined responses; compare the first utterance with each of the first subset of the pre-defined responses; and in response to determining that the first utterance matches one of the first subset of the pre-defined responses, perform an action corresponding to the matching pre-defined response. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing engine is further configured to:
in response to receiving a second utterance, correlate the second utterance to the statistical language model; identify one or more keywords of the second utterance based on the correlating; determine a service tag of the second utterance based on the one or more keywords of the second utterance; compare the service tag of the second utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the second utterance also matches the first service tag, associate the second utterance with the first service tag and the second self-service routine; and identify a second action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the second self-service routine. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of self-service routines comprises one of the following:
a recent activity routine; a fraud claim routine; a loan payment routine; a fund transfer routine; or an order access routine. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of service tags comprises one of the following:
balance; bill; claim; new account; or transfer. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the statistical language model comprises at least one of the following:
a unigram model; an n-gram model; an exponential language model; or a neural language model. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising a logic for processing voice responses, the logic, when executed by one or more processors, instructing the one or more processors to:
store a plurality of self-service routines, a plurality of service tags, and a plurality of actions, each action correlating to at least one self-service routine and at least one service tag; store a plurality of pre-defined responses associated with the plurality of self-service routines, each self-service routine associated with a subset of the plurality of pre-defined responses; receive a first utterance; analyze the first utterance with a statistical language model; identify one or more keywords of the first utterance based on the analysis; determine a service tag of the first utterance based on the one or more keywords; compare the service tag of the first utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the first utterance matches a first service tag, associate the first utterance with the first service tag and the first self-service routine; and identify a first action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the first self-service routine. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the utterance is received in response to a query that comprises a first subset of the predefined responses. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic, when executed by the one or more processors, further instructs the one or more processors to:
in response to determining that the first utterance matches one of the first subset of the pre-defined responses, perform an action corresponding to the matching pre-defined response. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic, when executed by the one or more processors, further instructs the one or more processors to:
in response to receiving a second utterance, correlate the second utterance to the statistical language model; identify one or more keywords of the second utterance based on the correlating; determine a service tag of the second utterance based on the one or more keywords of the second utterance; compare the service tag of the second utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the second utterance also matches the first service tag, associate the second utterance with the first service tag and the second self-service routine; and identify a second action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the second self-service routine. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the statistical language model comprises at least one of the following:
a unigram model; an n-gram model; an exponential language model; or a neural language model. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of self-service routines comprises one of the following:
a recent activity routine; a fraud claim routine; a loan payment routine; a fund transfer routine; or an order access routine. 14. A method for processing voice responses, comprising:
storing a plurality of self-service routines, a plurality of service tags, and a plurality of actions, each action correlating to at least one self-service routine and at least one service tag; storing a plurality of pre-defined responses associated with the plurality of self-service routines, each self-service routine associated with a subset of the plurality of pre-defined responses; receiving a first utterance; analyzing the first utterance with a statistical language model; identifying one or more keywords of the first utterance based on the analysis; determining a service tag of the first utterance based on the one or more keywords; comparing the service tag of the first utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the first utterance matches a first service tag, associating the first utterance with the first service tag and the first self-service routine; and identifying a first action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the first self-service routine. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the utterance is received in response to a query that comprises a first subset of the predefined responses. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises:
in response to determining that the first utterance matches one of the first subset of the pre-defined responses, performing an action corresponding to the matching pre-defined response. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises:
in response to receiving the second utterance, correlating the second utterance to the statistical language model; identifying one or more keywords of the second utterance based on the correlating; determining a service tag of the second utterance based on the one or more keywords of the second utterance; comparing the service tag of the second utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the second utterance also matches the first service tag, associating the second utterance with the first service tag and the second self-service routine; and identifying a second action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the second self-service routine. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the statistical language model comprises at least one of the following:
a unigram model; an n-gram model; an exponential language model; or a neural language model. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of self-service routines comprises one of the following:
a recent activity routine; a fraud claim routine; a loan payment routine; a fund transfer routine; or an order access routine. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of service tags comprises one of the following:
balance; bill; claim; new account; or transfer. | A system for processing voice responses is disclosed. The system is configured to store a correlation table identifying relationships between self-service routines, tags, and corresponding actions. The system receives a call from a user and issues a query in response to the call. The system receives an utterance from the user in response to the user and determines whether the utterance matches a pre-defined response. If there is no match, the system analyzes the utterance with a pre-defined statistical language model and identifies a service tag for the utterance. The system then associates the utterance with the service tag and a self-service routine that is associated with the call. The system identifies an action from the correlation table that correlates to the service tag and the self-service routine.1. A system for processing voice responses, comprising:
a memory configured to store:
a plurality of self-service routines, a plurality of service tags, and a plurality of actions, each action correlating to at least one self-service routine and at least one service tag; and
a plurality of pre-defined responses associated with the plurality of self-service routines, each self-service routine associated with a subset of the plurality of pre-defined responses;
an interactive voice response engine communicatively coupled to the memory and configured to receive a first utterance; and a natural language processing engine configured to:
analyze the first utterance with a statistical language model;
identify one or more keywords of the first utterance based on the analysis;
determine a service tag of the first utterance based on the one or more keywords;
compare the service tag of the first utterance with each of the plurality of service tags;
in response to determining that the service tag of the first utterance matches a first service tag, associate the first utterance with the first service tag and the first self-service routine; and
identify a first action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the first self-service routine. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first utterance is received in response to a query that comprises a first subset of the predefined responses. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the interactive voice response engine is further configured to:
identify a first subset of the pre-defined responses; compare the first utterance with each of the first subset of the pre-defined responses; and in response to determining that the first utterance matches one of the first subset of the pre-defined responses, perform an action corresponding to the matching pre-defined response. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing engine is further configured to:
in response to receiving a second utterance, correlate the second utterance to the statistical language model; identify one or more keywords of the second utterance based on the correlating; determine a service tag of the second utterance based on the one or more keywords of the second utterance; compare the service tag of the second utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the second utterance also matches the first service tag, associate the second utterance with the first service tag and the second self-service routine; and identify a second action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the second self-service routine. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of self-service routines comprises one of the following:
a recent activity routine; a fraud claim routine; a loan payment routine; a fund transfer routine; or an order access routine. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of service tags comprises one of the following:
balance; bill; claim; new account; or transfer. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the statistical language model comprises at least one of the following:
a unigram model; an n-gram model; an exponential language model; or a neural language model. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising a logic for processing voice responses, the logic, when executed by one or more processors, instructing the one or more processors to:
store a plurality of self-service routines, a plurality of service tags, and a plurality of actions, each action correlating to at least one self-service routine and at least one service tag; store a plurality of pre-defined responses associated with the plurality of self-service routines, each self-service routine associated with a subset of the plurality of pre-defined responses; receive a first utterance; analyze the first utterance with a statistical language model; identify one or more keywords of the first utterance based on the analysis; determine a service tag of the first utterance based on the one or more keywords; compare the service tag of the first utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the first utterance matches a first service tag, associate the first utterance with the first service tag and the first self-service routine; and identify a first action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the first self-service routine. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the utterance is received in response to a query that comprises a first subset of the predefined responses. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic, when executed by the one or more processors, further instructs the one or more processors to:
in response to determining that the first utterance matches one of the first subset of the pre-defined responses, perform an action corresponding to the matching pre-defined response. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the logic, when executed by the one or more processors, further instructs the one or more processors to:
in response to receiving a second utterance, correlate the second utterance to the statistical language model; identify one or more keywords of the second utterance based on the correlating; determine a service tag of the second utterance based on the one or more keywords of the second utterance; compare the service tag of the second utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the second utterance also matches the first service tag, associate the second utterance with the first service tag and the second self-service routine; and identify a second action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the second self-service routine. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the statistical language model comprises at least one of the following:
a unigram model; an n-gram model; an exponential language model; or a neural language model. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of self-service routines comprises one of the following:
a recent activity routine; a fraud claim routine; a loan payment routine; a fund transfer routine; or an order access routine. 14. A method for processing voice responses, comprising:
storing a plurality of self-service routines, a plurality of service tags, and a plurality of actions, each action correlating to at least one self-service routine and at least one service tag; storing a plurality of pre-defined responses associated with the plurality of self-service routines, each self-service routine associated with a subset of the plurality of pre-defined responses; receiving a first utterance; analyzing the first utterance with a statistical language model; identifying one or more keywords of the first utterance based on the analysis; determining a service tag of the first utterance based on the one or more keywords; comparing the service tag of the first utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the first utterance matches a first service tag, associating the first utterance with the first service tag and the first self-service routine; and identifying a first action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the first self-service routine. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the utterance is received in response to a query that comprises a first subset of the predefined responses. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises:
in response to determining that the first utterance matches one of the first subset of the pre-defined responses, performing an action corresponding to the matching pre-defined response. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises:
in response to receiving the second utterance, correlating the second utterance to the statistical language model; identifying one or more keywords of the second utterance based on the correlating; determining a service tag of the second utterance based on the one or more keywords of the second utterance; comparing the service tag of the second utterance with each of the plurality of service tags; in response to determining that the service tag of the second utterance also matches the first service tag, associating the second utterance with the first service tag and the second self-service routine; and identifying a second action for the first utterance that correlates to the first service tag and the second self-service routine. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the statistical language model comprises at least one of the following:
a unigram model; an n-gram model; an exponential language model; or a neural language model. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of self-service routines comprises one of the following:
a recent activity routine; a fraud claim routine; a loan payment routine; a fund transfer routine; or an order access routine. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of service tags comprises one of the following:
balance; bill; claim; new account; or transfer. | 1,700 |
345,808 | 16,804,201 | 1,791 | Systems and methods for correcting recognition errors in speech recognition systems are disclosed herein. Natural conversational variations are identified to determine whether a query intends to correct a speech recognition error or whether the query is a new command. When the query intends to correct a speech recognition error, the system identifies a location of the error and performs the correction. The corrected query can be presented to the user or be acted upon as a command for the system. | 1. A method for correcting a speech recognition error, the method comprising:
detecting a second voice input; determining, based at least in part on a sound property of the second voice input, whether the second voice input is directed to correcting a text string previously generated based on a first voice input; and in response to the determining that the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string, modifying the text string based on the second voice input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string comprises:
determining that the second voice input was received within a predetermined amount of time since the generation of the text string; and determining that at least one of an acoustic envelope, an intensity, a pitch, a frequency, or an amplitude of the second voice input exceeds a threshold. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string comprises:
identifying a first plurality of sound properties corresponding to the first voice input; identifying a second plurality of sound properties corresponding to the second voice input; and determining that at least a portion of the first plurality of sound properties matches at least a portion of the second plurality of sound properties. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining that at least the portion of the first plurality of sound properties matches the at least the portion of the second plurality of sound properties comprises determining that an acoustic envelope of the at least the portion of the second plurality of sound properties matches an acoustic envelope of the at least the portion of the first plurality of sound properties. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the text string previously generated based on the first voice input is a first text string, and wherein determining whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the first text string comprises:
converting the second voice input to a second text string; and determining, based on a database of misrecognized words, that a first word in the first text string and a second word in the second text string are misrecognized for one another. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein modifying the first text string based on the second voice input comprises replacing the first word in the first text string with the second word. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first voice input is received at a first time and the second voice input is received at a second time, and
wherein determining whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string comprises determining that less than a threshold amount of time has elapsed between the second time and the first time. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, based at least in part on the sound property of the second voice input, a portion of the text string to be modified, wherein the modifying the text string comprises modifying only the identified portion of the text string. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the sound property of the voice input comprises at least one of an acoustic envelope, an intensity, a pitch, a frequency, or an amplitude. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sound property corresponds to a correction expression. 11. A system for correcting a speech recognition error, the system comprising control circuitry configured to:
detect a second voice input; determine, based at least in part on a sound property of the second voice input, whether the second voice input is directed to correcting a text string previously generated based on a first voice input; and in response to the determining that the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string, modify the text string based on the second voice input. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string by:
determining that the second voice input was received within a predetermined amount of time since the generation of the text string; and determining that at least one of an acoustic envelope, an intensity, a pitch, a frequency, or an amplitude of the second voice input exceeds a threshold. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string by:
identifying a first plurality of sound properties corresponding to the first voice input; identifying a second plurality of sound properties corresponding to the second voice input; and determining that at least a portion of the first plurality of sound properties matches at least a portion of the second plurality of sound properties. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine that at least the portion of the first plurality of sound properties matches the at least the portion of the second plurality of sound properties by determining that an acoustic envelope of the at least the portion of the second plurality of sound properties matches an acoustic envelope of the at least the portion of the first plurality of sound properties. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the text string previously generated based on the first voice input is a first text string, and wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the first text string by:
converting the second voice input to a second text string; and determining, based on a database of misrecognized words, that a first word in the first text string and a second word in the second text string are misrecognized for one another. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the control circuitry is configured to modify the first text string based on the second voice input by replacing the first word in the first text string with the second word. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the first voice input is received by the control circuitry at a first time and the second voice input is received by the control circuitry at a second time, and
wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string by determining that less than a threshold amount of time has elapsed between the second time and the first time. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
identify, based at least in part on the sound property of the second voice input, a portion of the text string to be modified, wherein the modifying the text string comprises modifying only the identified portion of the text string. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the sound property of the voice input comprises at least one of an acoustic envelope, an intensity, a pitch, a frequency, or an amplitude. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the sound property corresponds to a correction expression. 21.-30. (canceled) | Systems and methods for correcting recognition errors in speech recognition systems are disclosed herein. Natural conversational variations are identified to determine whether a query intends to correct a speech recognition error or whether the query is a new command. When the query intends to correct a speech recognition error, the system identifies a location of the error and performs the correction. The corrected query can be presented to the user or be acted upon as a command for the system.1. A method for correcting a speech recognition error, the method comprising:
detecting a second voice input; determining, based at least in part on a sound property of the second voice input, whether the second voice input is directed to correcting a text string previously generated based on a first voice input; and in response to the determining that the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string, modifying the text string based on the second voice input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string comprises:
determining that the second voice input was received within a predetermined amount of time since the generation of the text string; and determining that at least one of an acoustic envelope, an intensity, a pitch, a frequency, or an amplitude of the second voice input exceeds a threshold. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string comprises:
identifying a first plurality of sound properties corresponding to the first voice input; identifying a second plurality of sound properties corresponding to the second voice input; and determining that at least a portion of the first plurality of sound properties matches at least a portion of the second plurality of sound properties. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining that at least the portion of the first plurality of sound properties matches the at least the portion of the second plurality of sound properties comprises determining that an acoustic envelope of the at least the portion of the second plurality of sound properties matches an acoustic envelope of the at least the portion of the first plurality of sound properties. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the text string previously generated based on the first voice input is a first text string, and wherein determining whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the first text string comprises:
converting the second voice input to a second text string; and determining, based on a database of misrecognized words, that a first word in the first text string and a second word in the second text string are misrecognized for one another. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein modifying the first text string based on the second voice input comprises replacing the first word in the first text string with the second word. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first voice input is received at a first time and the second voice input is received at a second time, and
wherein determining whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string comprises determining that less than a threshold amount of time has elapsed between the second time and the first time. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, based at least in part on the sound property of the second voice input, a portion of the text string to be modified, wherein the modifying the text string comprises modifying only the identified portion of the text string. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the sound property of the voice input comprises at least one of an acoustic envelope, an intensity, a pitch, a frequency, or an amplitude. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sound property corresponds to a correction expression. 11. A system for correcting a speech recognition error, the system comprising control circuitry configured to:
detect a second voice input; determine, based at least in part on a sound property of the second voice input, whether the second voice input is directed to correcting a text string previously generated based on a first voice input; and in response to the determining that the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string, modify the text string based on the second voice input. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string by:
determining that the second voice input was received within a predetermined amount of time since the generation of the text string; and determining that at least one of an acoustic envelope, an intensity, a pitch, a frequency, or an amplitude of the second voice input exceeds a threshold. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string by:
identifying a first plurality of sound properties corresponding to the first voice input; identifying a second plurality of sound properties corresponding to the second voice input; and determining that at least a portion of the first plurality of sound properties matches at least a portion of the second plurality of sound properties. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine that at least the portion of the first plurality of sound properties matches the at least the portion of the second plurality of sound properties by determining that an acoustic envelope of the at least the portion of the second plurality of sound properties matches an acoustic envelope of the at least the portion of the first plurality of sound properties. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the text string previously generated based on the first voice input is a first text string, and wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the first text string by:
converting the second voice input to a second text string; and determining, based on a database of misrecognized words, that a first word in the first text string and a second word in the second text string are misrecognized for one another. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the control circuitry is configured to modify the first text string based on the second voice input by replacing the first word in the first text string with the second word. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the first voice input is received by the control circuitry at a first time and the second voice input is received by the control circuitry at a second time, and
wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the second voice input is directed to correcting the text string by determining that less than a threshold amount of time has elapsed between the second time and the first time. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
identify, based at least in part on the sound property of the second voice input, a portion of the text string to be modified, wherein the modifying the text string comprises modifying only the identified portion of the text string. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the sound property of the voice input comprises at least one of an acoustic envelope, an intensity, a pitch, a frequency, or an amplitude. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the sound property corresponds to a correction expression. 21.-30. (canceled) | 1,700 |
345,809 | 16,804,215 | 1,791 | In certain embodiments, methods, compounds, and compositions for treating B-cell lymphoma or hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting expression of STAT3 mRNA or protein in an animal are provided herein. Such methods, compounds, and compositions are useful to treat, prevent, or ameliorate B-cell lymphoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. | 1. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a weekly dose of about 1.5 to 3.5 milligrams of a sodium salt of a single-stranded modified oligonucleotide per kilogram of the subject's body weight per week (1.5-3.5 mg/kg/wk), wherein the modified oligonucleotide consists of 16 linked nucleosides, has a nucleobase sequence consisting of the nucleobase sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and has:
a gap segment consisting of ten linked 2′-deoxynucleosides; a 5′ wing segment consisting of 3 linked nucleosides; and a 3′ wing segment consisting of 3 linked nucleosides; 2. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject about 15 milligrams to 250 milligrams per week of a sodium salt of a single-stranded modified oligonucleotide consisting of 16 linked nucleosides and having a nucleobase sequence consisting of the nucleobase sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, wherein the modified oligonucleotide has:
a gap segment consisting of ten linked 2′-deoxynucleosides; a 5′ wing segment consisting of 3 linked nucleosides; and a 3′ wing segment consisting of 3 linked nucleosides; 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein 3.0 milligrams of the sodium salt of the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide is administered to the subject per kilogram of the subject's body weight per week (3.0 mg/kg/wk). 5-10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is B-cell lymphoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the B-cell lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma is selected from the group consisting of: diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma (MALT), small cell lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Burkitt lymphoma, mediastinal large B cell lymphoma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma is diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). 15-31. (canceled) 32. The method of claim 2, wherein the cancer is B-cell lymphoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the B-cell lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma is selected from the group consisting of: diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma (MALT), small cell lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Burkitt lymphoma, mediastinal large B cell lymphoma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma is diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). | In certain embodiments, methods, compounds, and compositions for treating B-cell lymphoma or hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting expression of STAT3 mRNA or protein in an animal are provided herein. Such methods, compounds, and compositions are useful to treat, prevent, or ameliorate B-cell lymphoma or hepatocellular carcinoma.1. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a weekly dose of about 1.5 to 3.5 milligrams of a sodium salt of a single-stranded modified oligonucleotide per kilogram of the subject's body weight per week (1.5-3.5 mg/kg/wk), wherein the modified oligonucleotide consists of 16 linked nucleosides, has a nucleobase sequence consisting of the nucleobase sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and has:
a gap segment consisting of ten linked 2′-deoxynucleosides; a 5′ wing segment consisting of 3 linked nucleosides; and a 3′ wing segment consisting of 3 linked nucleosides; 2. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject about 15 milligrams to 250 milligrams per week of a sodium salt of a single-stranded modified oligonucleotide consisting of 16 linked nucleosides and having a nucleobase sequence consisting of the nucleobase sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, wherein the modified oligonucleotide has:
a gap segment consisting of ten linked 2′-deoxynucleosides; a 5′ wing segment consisting of 3 linked nucleosides; and a 3′ wing segment consisting of 3 linked nucleosides; 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein 3.0 milligrams of the sodium salt of the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide is administered to the subject per kilogram of the subject's body weight per week (3.0 mg/kg/wk). 5-10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is B-cell lymphoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the B-cell lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma is selected from the group consisting of: diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma (MALT), small cell lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Burkitt lymphoma, mediastinal large B cell lymphoma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma is diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). 15-31. (canceled) 32. The method of claim 2, wherein the cancer is B-cell lymphoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the B-cell lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma is selected from the group consisting of: diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma (MALT), small cell lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Burkitt lymphoma, mediastinal large B cell lymphoma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma is diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). | 1,700 |
345,810 | 16,804,229 | 1,717 | A system for efficiently and ergonomically waterproofing a weakness area of a roof. The system includes an airless sprayer system capable of attaching to one or more attachments. The airless sprayer system is connected to a reservoir containing a waterproofing liquid. The attachments include an encapsulating attachment and a duckbilled attachment, either attachment capable of connecting to an extending wand. The system may be used atop a roof by either placing the encapsulating attachment over a fastener or the duckbilled end over a seam and pulling the trigger of a spray gun of the airless sprayer system until either the fastener or seam are sufficiently covered in waterproofing liquid. By connecting the wand therebetween the spray gun and the attachment, the user of the system may be able to remain standing when applying the waterproofing liquid. A method for efficiently and ergonomically waterproofing a roof weakness using the system. | 1. A system for waterproofing a weakness area of a metal roof comprising:
an airless sprayer system; a reservoir containing a waterproofing liquid; and an attachment, said attachment comprising an outer surface, an inner surface, a connection end capable of connecting to said airless sprayer system, and a cavity end; wherein said attachment is of sufficient size to cover the weakness area at said cavity end thereby fully covering the weakness area with said waterproofing liquid upon a pulling and a release of a trigger of said airless sprayer system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the attachment is an encapsulating attachment with the cavity end having substantially cylindrical. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the attachment is a duckbilled attachment with the cavity end is substantially rectangular. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the cavity end is of a sufficient size to surround a roof fastener head. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the cavity end is of a sufficient width to span across a seam between an at least two roofing sections. 6. The system for of claim 1, wherein said reservoir connected to said airless sprayer system via a hose, the hose having a reservoir end and a connection end, the connection end capable of connecting to an inlet of said airless sprayer system. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein said attachment is a first interchangeable attachment and a second interchangeable attachment, said first attachment with a substantially cylindrical cavity end and said second attachment with a substantially rectangular cavity end. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the weakness area is an area of the metal roof where an at least two metal panels meet. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein at said area of the metal roof where said at least two metal panels meet are an at least one seam and an at least one fastener, said at least one fastener having an exposed head on a surface of the metal roof. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein said substantially cylindrical cavity end is of sufficient circumference to surround said at least one fastener and of sufficient depth to contact said surface of the metal roof when surrounding said fastener and wherein said substantially rectangular cavity end is of sufficient width to span an area to each side of said at least one seam. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein said airless sprayer system comprises:
a piston pump; a motor and drive system, said motor and drive system providing power to said piston pump; a pressure control dial; a manifold filter; a fluid hose; and a spray gun, said spray gun having a connection end capable of accepting a tip and a trigger. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein said attachment attaches to said spray gun therebetween the connection end of the attachment and the connection end of the spray gun. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a wand capable of connecting to said spray gun and said attachment. 14. A method for waterproofing a weakness area of a metal roof comprising:
providing an airless sprayer system having at an outlet end with a first hose connected to a spray gun with a connection outlet end, said airless sprayer connected at an inlet end to a reservoir containing a waterproofing fluid; connecting an at least one attachment to said airless sprayer system at said connection outlet end of said spray gun, each of said at least one attachment comprising an outer surface, an inner surface, a connection end capable of connecting to said airless sprayer system at said connection outlet end of said spray gun, and a cavity end having a shape, said shape from a group of shapes, the group consisting of a substantially cylindrical shape and a substantially rectangular shape; placing said at least one attachment on a weakness area of the metal roof; pulling a trigger of said spray gun to release said waterproofing fluid upon said weakness area; and releasing said trigger of said spray gun when said weakness area is sufficiently covered with said waterproofing fluid. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the attachment is an encapsulating attachment, said cavity end having said substantially cylindrical shape and the weakness area is a fastener head of a fastener, said fastener connecting a metal sheet to a top portion of a building. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the attachment is a duckbilled attachment, said cavity end having said substantially rectangular shape and the weakness area is a seam, said seam is a portion of the roof where a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet overlap on the roof. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the step of dragging the attachment along said seam prior to releasing said trigger. 18. A system for waterproofing a weakness area of a metal roof comprising:
an airless sprayer system comprising a piston pump, a motor and drive system which provide power to said piston pump, a pressure control dial, a manifold filter, a fluid inlet connected to a fluid inlet hose, a fluid outlet connected to a fluid outlet hose, a spray gun having a connection end capable of accepting an attachment and connected to said fluid outlet hose, and a trigger; a reservoir containing a waterproofing liquid connected to said airless sprayer system at said fluid inlet hose; and the attachment, said attachment comprising an outer surface, an inner surface, a connection end capable of connecting to said airless sprayer system, and a cavity end; wherein said attachment is of sufficient size to cover the weakness area at said cavity end thereby fully covering the weakness area with said waterproofing liquid upon a pulling and a release of a trigger of said airless sprayer system. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the weakness area is a fastener securing the metal roof and said attachment is an encapsulating attachment with said cavity end being of a sufficient size to surround a roof fastener head at a bottom surface near said cavity end, said cavity end is notched. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the weakness area is a seam between a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet and said attachment is a duckbilled attachment with a substantially rectangular cavity end. | A system for efficiently and ergonomically waterproofing a weakness area of a roof. The system includes an airless sprayer system capable of attaching to one or more attachments. The airless sprayer system is connected to a reservoir containing a waterproofing liquid. The attachments include an encapsulating attachment and a duckbilled attachment, either attachment capable of connecting to an extending wand. The system may be used atop a roof by either placing the encapsulating attachment over a fastener or the duckbilled end over a seam and pulling the trigger of a spray gun of the airless sprayer system until either the fastener or seam are sufficiently covered in waterproofing liquid. By connecting the wand therebetween the spray gun and the attachment, the user of the system may be able to remain standing when applying the waterproofing liquid. A method for efficiently and ergonomically waterproofing a roof weakness using the system.1. A system for waterproofing a weakness area of a metal roof comprising:
an airless sprayer system; a reservoir containing a waterproofing liquid; and an attachment, said attachment comprising an outer surface, an inner surface, a connection end capable of connecting to said airless sprayer system, and a cavity end; wherein said attachment is of sufficient size to cover the weakness area at said cavity end thereby fully covering the weakness area with said waterproofing liquid upon a pulling and a release of a trigger of said airless sprayer system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the attachment is an encapsulating attachment with the cavity end having substantially cylindrical. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the attachment is a duckbilled attachment with the cavity end is substantially rectangular. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the cavity end is of a sufficient size to surround a roof fastener head. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the cavity end is of a sufficient width to span across a seam between an at least two roofing sections. 6. The system for of claim 1, wherein said reservoir connected to said airless sprayer system via a hose, the hose having a reservoir end and a connection end, the connection end capable of connecting to an inlet of said airless sprayer system. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein said attachment is a first interchangeable attachment and a second interchangeable attachment, said first attachment with a substantially cylindrical cavity end and said second attachment with a substantially rectangular cavity end. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the weakness area is an area of the metal roof where an at least two metal panels meet. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein at said area of the metal roof where said at least two metal panels meet are an at least one seam and an at least one fastener, said at least one fastener having an exposed head on a surface of the metal roof. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein said substantially cylindrical cavity end is of sufficient circumference to surround said at least one fastener and of sufficient depth to contact said surface of the metal roof when surrounding said fastener and wherein said substantially rectangular cavity end is of sufficient width to span an area to each side of said at least one seam. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein said airless sprayer system comprises:
a piston pump; a motor and drive system, said motor and drive system providing power to said piston pump; a pressure control dial; a manifold filter; a fluid hose; and a spray gun, said spray gun having a connection end capable of accepting a tip and a trigger. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein said attachment attaches to said spray gun therebetween the connection end of the attachment and the connection end of the spray gun. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a wand capable of connecting to said spray gun and said attachment. 14. A method for waterproofing a weakness area of a metal roof comprising:
providing an airless sprayer system having at an outlet end with a first hose connected to a spray gun with a connection outlet end, said airless sprayer connected at an inlet end to a reservoir containing a waterproofing fluid; connecting an at least one attachment to said airless sprayer system at said connection outlet end of said spray gun, each of said at least one attachment comprising an outer surface, an inner surface, a connection end capable of connecting to said airless sprayer system at said connection outlet end of said spray gun, and a cavity end having a shape, said shape from a group of shapes, the group consisting of a substantially cylindrical shape and a substantially rectangular shape; placing said at least one attachment on a weakness area of the metal roof; pulling a trigger of said spray gun to release said waterproofing fluid upon said weakness area; and releasing said trigger of said spray gun when said weakness area is sufficiently covered with said waterproofing fluid. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the attachment is an encapsulating attachment, said cavity end having said substantially cylindrical shape and the weakness area is a fastener head of a fastener, said fastener connecting a metal sheet to a top portion of a building. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the attachment is a duckbilled attachment, said cavity end having said substantially rectangular shape and the weakness area is a seam, said seam is a portion of the roof where a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet overlap on the roof. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the step of dragging the attachment along said seam prior to releasing said trigger. 18. A system for waterproofing a weakness area of a metal roof comprising:
an airless sprayer system comprising a piston pump, a motor and drive system which provide power to said piston pump, a pressure control dial, a manifold filter, a fluid inlet connected to a fluid inlet hose, a fluid outlet connected to a fluid outlet hose, a spray gun having a connection end capable of accepting an attachment and connected to said fluid outlet hose, and a trigger; a reservoir containing a waterproofing liquid connected to said airless sprayer system at said fluid inlet hose; and the attachment, said attachment comprising an outer surface, an inner surface, a connection end capable of connecting to said airless sprayer system, and a cavity end; wherein said attachment is of sufficient size to cover the weakness area at said cavity end thereby fully covering the weakness area with said waterproofing liquid upon a pulling and a release of a trigger of said airless sprayer system. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the weakness area is a fastener securing the metal roof and said attachment is an encapsulating attachment with said cavity end being of a sufficient size to surround a roof fastener head at a bottom surface near said cavity end, said cavity end is notched. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the weakness area is a seam between a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet and said attachment is a duckbilled attachment with a substantially rectangular cavity end. | 1,700 |
345,811 | 16,804,206 | 3,753 | A blowout preventer has a main body having a through bore. A housing is mounted to the main body and defines a passage connected to and transverse to the through bore. An isolation ring cutter is initially disposed around the through bore and closes the passage to fluid flow. The isolation ring cutter is movable along the passage and has an opening coincident with the through bore. A piston and gate are disposed in the passage spaced apart from the isolation ring cutter. A propellant charge is disposed between the piston and an end. | 1. A blowout preventer comprising:
a main body having a through bore; a passage transverse to the through bore; a ring cutter disposed in the passage and configured for positioning with an opening on the cutter coincident with the through bore; a gate disposed separated and spaced apart from the ring cutter and configured for motion along the passage; and a charge configured for activation to propel the gate along the passage into contact with the ring cutter to move the cutter across the through bore. 2. The blowout preventer of claim 1 further comprising an energy absorbing element configured to absorb kinetic energy associated with motion of the gate. 3. The blowout preventer of claim 2 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to allow the gate to progressively come to rest after the gate is propelled into motion. 4. The blowout preventer of claim 2 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to crumple as it absorbs energy. 5. The blowout preventer of claim 1 further comprising a restraint to restrain motion of the gate until gas pressure from the charge reaches a selected threshold. 6. The blowout preventer of claim 1 wherein the ring cutter comprises a cutting edge formed on a surface of the opening thereon. 7. The blowout preventer of claim 1 further comprising a seal arrangement to restrict fluid flow between the through bore and the passage. 8. The blowout preventer of claim 1 wherein a pre-initiation spacing between the gate and the ring cutter is at least equal to ½ the diameter of the through bore. 9. A blowout preventer comprising:
a main body having a through bore; a passage transverse to the through bore; a ring cutter disposed in the passage and configured for positioning with an opening on the cutter coincident with the through bore; and a gate configured for motion along the passage in response to activation of a charge, wherein the gate is configured to move along the passage between a position separated and spaced apart from the ring cutter to a position where the gate contacts the ring cutter to move the cutter across the through bore. 10. The blowout preventer of claim 9 further comprising an energy absorbing element configured to absorb kinetic energy associated with motion of the gate. 11. The blowout preventer of claim 10 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to allow the gate to progressively come to rest after the gate is propelled into motion. 12. The blowout preventer of claim 10 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to crumple as it absorbs energy. 13. The blowout preventer of claim 9 further comprising a restraint to restrain motion of the gate until gas pressure from the activation of the charge reaches a selected threshold. 14. The blowout preventer of claim 9 wherein the ring cutter comprises a cutting edge formed on a surface of the opening thereon. 15. The blowout preventer of claim 9 further comprising a seal arrangement to restrict fluid flow between the through bore and the passage. 16. The blowout preventer of claim 9 wherein a pre-initiation spacing between the gate and the ring cutter is at least equal to ½ the diameter of the through bore. 17. A method of operating a blowout preventer having a body with a through bore, comprising:
actuating a charge to propel a gate along a passage in the body transverse to the through bore, wherein the gate is propelled from a position separated and spaced apart from a ring cutter disposed in the passage with an opening on the cutter coincident with the through bore, to a position where the gate contacts the ring cutter; and allowing the propelled gate to move the ring cutter across the through bore. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising slowing the motion of the gate with an energy absorbing element. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to allow the gate to progressively come to rest. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to crumple as it slows the motion of the gate. 21. The method of claim 17 further comprising restraining motion of the gate until gas pressure from the charge reaches a selected threshold. 22. The method of claim 17 wherein the ring cutter comprises a cutting edge formed on a surface of the opening thereon. 23. The method of claim 17 further comprising allowing the gate to pass across the through bore to restrict fluid flow in the through bore. 24. The method of claim 17 wherein the blowout preventer comprises a seal arrangement to restrict fluid flow between the through bore and the passage. 25. The method of claim 17 wherein a pre-initiation spacing between the gate and the ring cutter is at least equal to ½ the diameter of the through bore. 26. The method of claim 17 further comprising moving the ring cutter across the though bore to cut a device that may be in the through bore. | A blowout preventer has a main body having a through bore. A housing is mounted to the main body and defines a passage connected to and transverse to the through bore. An isolation ring cutter is initially disposed around the through bore and closes the passage to fluid flow. The isolation ring cutter is movable along the passage and has an opening coincident with the through bore. A piston and gate are disposed in the passage spaced apart from the isolation ring cutter. A propellant charge is disposed between the piston and an end.1. A blowout preventer comprising:
a main body having a through bore; a passage transverse to the through bore; a ring cutter disposed in the passage and configured for positioning with an opening on the cutter coincident with the through bore; a gate disposed separated and spaced apart from the ring cutter and configured for motion along the passage; and a charge configured for activation to propel the gate along the passage into contact with the ring cutter to move the cutter across the through bore. 2. The blowout preventer of claim 1 further comprising an energy absorbing element configured to absorb kinetic energy associated with motion of the gate. 3. The blowout preventer of claim 2 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to allow the gate to progressively come to rest after the gate is propelled into motion. 4. The blowout preventer of claim 2 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to crumple as it absorbs energy. 5. The blowout preventer of claim 1 further comprising a restraint to restrain motion of the gate until gas pressure from the charge reaches a selected threshold. 6. The blowout preventer of claim 1 wherein the ring cutter comprises a cutting edge formed on a surface of the opening thereon. 7. The blowout preventer of claim 1 further comprising a seal arrangement to restrict fluid flow between the through bore and the passage. 8. The blowout preventer of claim 1 wherein a pre-initiation spacing between the gate and the ring cutter is at least equal to ½ the diameter of the through bore. 9. A blowout preventer comprising:
a main body having a through bore; a passage transverse to the through bore; a ring cutter disposed in the passage and configured for positioning with an opening on the cutter coincident with the through bore; and a gate configured for motion along the passage in response to activation of a charge, wherein the gate is configured to move along the passage between a position separated and spaced apart from the ring cutter to a position where the gate contacts the ring cutter to move the cutter across the through bore. 10. The blowout preventer of claim 9 further comprising an energy absorbing element configured to absorb kinetic energy associated with motion of the gate. 11. The blowout preventer of claim 10 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to allow the gate to progressively come to rest after the gate is propelled into motion. 12. The blowout preventer of claim 10 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to crumple as it absorbs energy. 13. The blowout preventer of claim 9 further comprising a restraint to restrain motion of the gate until gas pressure from the activation of the charge reaches a selected threshold. 14. The blowout preventer of claim 9 wherein the ring cutter comprises a cutting edge formed on a surface of the opening thereon. 15. The blowout preventer of claim 9 further comprising a seal arrangement to restrict fluid flow between the through bore and the passage. 16. The blowout preventer of claim 9 wherein a pre-initiation spacing between the gate and the ring cutter is at least equal to ½ the diameter of the through bore. 17. A method of operating a blowout preventer having a body with a through bore, comprising:
actuating a charge to propel a gate along a passage in the body transverse to the through bore, wherein the gate is propelled from a position separated and spaced apart from a ring cutter disposed in the passage with an opening on the cutter coincident with the through bore, to a position where the gate contacts the ring cutter; and allowing the propelled gate to move the ring cutter across the through bore. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising slowing the motion of the gate with an energy absorbing element. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to allow the gate to progressively come to rest. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the energy absorbing element is configured to crumple as it slows the motion of the gate. 21. The method of claim 17 further comprising restraining motion of the gate until gas pressure from the charge reaches a selected threshold. 22. The method of claim 17 wherein the ring cutter comprises a cutting edge formed on a surface of the opening thereon. 23. The method of claim 17 further comprising allowing the gate to pass across the through bore to restrict fluid flow in the through bore. 24. The method of claim 17 wherein the blowout preventer comprises a seal arrangement to restrict fluid flow between the through bore and the passage. 25. The method of claim 17 wherein a pre-initiation spacing between the gate and the ring cutter is at least equal to ½ the diameter of the through bore. 26. The method of claim 17 further comprising moving the ring cutter across the though bore to cut a device that may be in the through bore. | 3,700 |
345,812 | 16,804,203 | 3,753 | A light article includes: a substrate; a truncated cuboidal fin disposed on the substrate and including: a laterally-grown nanocrystal including a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different; a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin; and a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis; a side-injector disposed on the charge injection facet of the truncated cuboidal fin and that provides electrons to an active layer; and the active layer interposed between the side-injector and the substrate and that: receives electrons from the side-injector; receives holes from the substrate; and produces light in response to combining the electrons and the holes. | 1. A light article comprising:
a substrate; a truncated cuboidal fin disposed on the substrate and comprising:
a laterally-grown nanocrystal comprising a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different;
a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin; and
a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis;
a side-injector disposed on the charge injection facet of the truncated cuboidal fin and that provides electrons to an active layer; and the active layer interposed between the side-injector and the substrate and that:
receives electrons from the side-injector;
receives holes from the substrate; and
produces light in response to combining the electrons and the holes. 2. The light article of claim 1, wherein the truncated cuboidal fin further comprises an initiation facet disposed along a lateral fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin and from which the charge injection facet and the truncation facet propagate during growth. 3. The light article of claim 2, wherein the truncated cuboidal fin further comprises a terminal facet disposed parallel to the lateral fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin and at which the charge injection facet and the truncation facet terminate along the longitudinal fin axis during growth. 4. The light article of claim 3, wherein the truncated cuboidal fin further comprises a top facet disposed parallel to the longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin and at which the charge injection facet and the truncation facet terminate along a height fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin during growth. 5. The light article of claim 1, wherein the active layer is interposed between the truncated cuboidal fin and the substrate. 6. The light article of claim 1, wherein the active layer is interposed between the truncated cuboidal fin and the side-injector. 7. The light article of claim 1, further comprising an electrical via disposed on the side-injector. 8. The light article of claim 1, further comprising an electrical via disposed on the substrate. 9. The light article of claim 1, further comprising:
a side-injection drain electrode disposed on the side-injector; a side-injection source electrode disposed on the side-injector and in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode through the side-injector; a dielectric member disposed on the side-injector between the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode; and a gate electrode disposed on the dielectric member such that:
the gate electrode is in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode through the dielectric member; and
the dielectric member is interposed between the gate electrode and the side-injector;
wherein the side-injector comprises a semiconducting material. 10. The light article of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises gallium nitride. 11. The light article of claim 1, wherein the active layer comprises a quantum well. 12. The light article of claim 1, wherein the active layer comprises a plurality of quantum dots. 13. The light article of claim 1, wherein the laterally-grown nanocrystal comprises a gallium nitride single crystal, and
the longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin is disposed along a [-1100] index of the substrate. 14. The light article of claim 1, wherein the truncated cuboidal fin comprises zinc oxide. 15. The light article of claim 1, wherein the side-injector comprises an electrical conductor. 16. The light article of claim 1, wherein the side-injector comprises an electrical semiconductor. 17. A light article comprising:
a substrate; a truncated cuboidal fin disposed on the substrate and comprising:
a laterally-grown nanocrystal comprising a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different;
a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin; and
a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis;
a side-injector disposed on the charge injection facet of the truncated cuboidal fin; an active layer interposed between the side-injector and the substrate; a side-injection drain electrode disposed on the side-injector; a side-injection source electrode disposed on the side-injector and in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode through the side-injector; a dielectric member disposed on the side-injector between the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode; and a gate electrode disposed on the dielectric member such that:
the gate electrode is in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode through the dielectric member; and
the dielectric member is interposed between the gate electrode and the side-injector;
wherein the side-injector comprises a semiconducting material. 18. A process for making a light article, the process comprising:
forming a catalyst pattern on a substrate, the catalyst pattern comprising a catalyst; forming a mask on a masked portion of the catalyst pattern while providing an exposed portion of the catalyst pattern in an absence of the mask on the exposed portion of the catalyst pattern; controllably quenching growth of nanostructures from the masked portion of the catalyst pattern by the mask disposed on the masked portion of the catalyst pattern; propagating the catalyst from the exposed portion of the catalyst pattern along a single crystal index of the substrate; forming a truncated cuboidal fin selectively along the single crystal index of the substrate in the presence of the catalyst as the catalyst propagates along the single crystal index of the substrate, such that the truncated cuboidal fin comprises:
a laterally-grown nanocrystal comprising a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different;
a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin, the longitudinal fin axis being disposed along the single crystal index; and
a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis, such that in forming the truncated cuboidal fin a translation order and orientation order of the laterally-grown nanocrystal is controlled by a crystal symmetry of the substrate;
subjecting the truncated cuboidal fin to angular-directed passivation in which the truncation facet is contacted by a passivation composition, and the charge injection facet is not contacted by the passivation composition; forming, from the passivation composition, a passivation layer on the truncation facet in response to subjecting the truncated cuboidal fin to angular-directed passivation; subjecting the truncated cuboidal fin to angular-directed deposition in which the charge injection facet is contacted by a deposition composition, and the truncation facet is not contacted by the deposition composition; and forming, from the deposition composition, a side-injector on the charge injection facet in response to subjecting the truncated cuboidal fin to angular-directed deposition to form the light article. 19. The process for making a light article of 18, the process further comprising:
forming a side-injection drain electrode disposed on the side-injector; forming a side-injection source electrode disposed on the side-injector and in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode through the side-injector; forming a dielectric member disposed on the side-injector between the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode; and forming a gate electrode disposed on the dielectric member such that:
the gate electrode is in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode through the dielectric member; and
the dielectric member is interposed between the gate electrode and the side-injector, wherein the side-injector comprises a semiconducting material. 20. The process for making a light article of 18, wherein the side-injector comprises an electrical conducting material. 21. A process for producing light with the light article of claim 1, the process comprising:
providing electrons to side-injector, side-injector disposed on charge injection facet opposing truncation facet of truncated cuboidal fin; communicating electrons from side-injector to active layer; providing holes to substrate; communicating holes from substrate to active layer; receiving, by active layer, electrons from side-injector and holes from substrate; combining, in active layer, electrons and holes; and producing light from combining electrons and holes in active layer. | A light article includes: a substrate; a truncated cuboidal fin disposed on the substrate and including: a laterally-grown nanocrystal including a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different; a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin; and a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis; a side-injector disposed on the charge injection facet of the truncated cuboidal fin and that provides electrons to an active layer; and the active layer interposed between the side-injector and the substrate and that: receives electrons from the side-injector; receives holes from the substrate; and produces light in response to combining the electrons and the holes.1. A light article comprising:
a substrate; a truncated cuboidal fin disposed on the substrate and comprising:
a laterally-grown nanocrystal comprising a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different;
a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin; and
a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis;
a side-injector disposed on the charge injection facet of the truncated cuboidal fin and that provides electrons to an active layer; and the active layer interposed between the side-injector and the substrate and that:
receives electrons from the side-injector;
receives holes from the substrate; and
produces light in response to combining the electrons and the holes. 2. The light article of claim 1, wherein the truncated cuboidal fin further comprises an initiation facet disposed along a lateral fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin and from which the charge injection facet and the truncation facet propagate during growth. 3. The light article of claim 2, wherein the truncated cuboidal fin further comprises a terminal facet disposed parallel to the lateral fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin and at which the charge injection facet and the truncation facet terminate along the longitudinal fin axis during growth. 4. The light article of claim 3, wherein the truncated cuboidal fin further comprises a top facet disposed parallel to the longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin and at which the charge injection facet and the truncation facet terminate along a height fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin during growth. 5. The light article of claim 1, wherein the active layer is interposed between the truncated cuboidal fin and the substrate. 6. The light article of claim 1, wherein the active layer is interposed between the truncated cuboidal fin and the side-injector. 7. The light article of claim 1, further comprising an electrical via disposed on the side-injector. 8. The light article of claim 1, further comprising an electrical via disposed on the substrate. 9. The light article of claim 1, further comprising:
a side-injection drain electrode disposed on the side-injector; a side-injection source electrode disposed on the side-injector and in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode through the side-injector; a dielectric member disposed on the side-injector between the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode; and a gate electrode disposed on the dielectric member such that:
the gate electrode is in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode through the dielectric member; and
the dielectric member is interposed between the gate electrode and the side-injector;
wherein the side-injector comprises a semiconducting material. 10. The light article of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises gallium nitride. 11. The light article of claim 1, wherein the active layer comprises a quantum well. 12. The light article of claim 1, wherein the active layer comprises a plurality of quantum dots. 13. The light article of claim 1, wherein the laterally-grown nanocrystal comprises a gallium nitride single crystal, and
the longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin is disposed along a [-1100] index of the substrate. 14. The light article of claim 1, wherein the truncated cuboidal fin comprises zinc oxide. 15. The light article of claim 1, wherein the side-injector comprises an electrical conductor. 16. The light article of claim 1, wherein the side-injector comprises an electrical semiconductor. 17. A light article comprising:
a substrate; a truncated cuboidal fin disposed on the substrate and comprising:
a laterally-grown nanocrystal comprising a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different;
a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin; and
a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis;
a side-injector disposed on the charge injection facet of the truncated cuboidal fin; an active layer interposed between the side-injector and the substrate; a side-injection drain electrode disposed on the side-injector; a side-injection source electrode disposed on the side-injector and in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode through the side-injector; a dielectric member disposed on the side-injector between the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode; and a gate electrode disposed on the dielectric member such that:
the gate electrode is in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode through the dielectric member; and
the dielectric member is interposed between the gate electrode and the side-injector;
wherein the side-injector comprises a semiconducting material. 18. A process for making a light article, the process comprising:
forming a catalyst pattern on a substrate, the catalyst pattern comprising a catalyst; forming a mask on a masked portion of the catalyst pattern while providing an exposed portion of the catalyst pattern in an absence of the mask on the exposed portion of the catalyst pattern; controllably quenching growth of nanostructures from the masked portion of the catalyst pattern by the mask disposed on the masked portion of the catalyst pattern; propagating the catalyst from the exposed portion of the catalyst pattern along a single crystal index of the substrate; forming a truncated cuboidal fin selectively along the single crystal index of the substrate in the presence of the catalyst as the catalyst propagates along the single crystal index of the substrate, such that the truncated cuboidal fin comprises:
a laterally-grown nanocrystal comprising a longitudinal length and a lateral length that are different;
a charge injection facet arranged along a longitudinal fin axis of the truncated cuboidal fin, the longitudinal fin axis being disposed along the single crystal index; and
a truncation facet disposed opposing the charge injection facet and arranged parallel to the longitudinal fin axis, such that in forming the truncated cuboidal fin a translation order and orientation order of the laterally-grown nanocrystal is controlled by a crystal symmetry of the substrate;
subjecting the truncated cuboidal fin to angular-directed passivation in which the truncation facet is contacted by a passivation composition, and the charge injection facet is not contacted by the passivation composition; forming, from the passivation composition, a passivation layer on the truncation facet in response to subjecting the truncated cuboidal fin to angular-directed passivation; subjecting the truncated cuboidal fin to angular-directed deposition in which the charge injection facet is contacted by a deposition composition, and the truncation facet is not contacted by the deposition composition; and forming, from the deposition composition, a side-injector on the charge injection facet in response to subjecting the truncated cuboidal fin to angular-directed deposition to form the light article. 19. The process for making a light article of 18, the process further comprising:
forming a side-injection drain electrode disposed on the side-injector; forming a side-injection source electrode disposed on the side-injector and in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode through the side-injector; forming a dielectric member disposed on the side-injector between the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode; and forming a gate electrode disposed on the dielectric member such that:
the gate electrode is in electrical communication with the side-injection drain electrode and the side-injection source electrode through the dielectric member; and
the dielectric member is interposed between the gate electrode and the side-injector, wherein the side-injector comprises a semiconducting material. 20. The process for making a light article of 18, wherein the side-injector comprises an electrical conducting material. 21. A process for producing light with the light article of claim 1, the process comprising:
providing electrons to side-injector, side-injector disposed on charge injection facet opposing truncation facet of truncated cuboidal fin; communicating electrons from side-injector to active layer; providing holes to substrate; communicating holes from substrate to active layer; receiving, by active layer, electrons from side-injector and holes from substrate; combining, in active layer, electrons and holes; and producing light from combining electrons and holes in active layer. | 3,700 |
345,813 | 16,804,255 | 1,623 | The invention relates to the use of sotagliflozin to improve glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus with a Body Mass Index (BMI)≥27 kg/m2. | 1. A method of improving glycemic control comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of sotagliflozin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said patient has type 1 diabetes and a Body Mass Index (BMI)≥27 kg/m2. 2. A method of treating type 1 diabetes comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of sotagliflozin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said patient has a Body Mass Index (BMI)≥27 kg/m2. 3. A method of improving A1C comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of sotagliflozin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said patient has a BMI≥27 kg/m2. 4. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the patient is taking insulin. 5. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the patient has failed to achieve adequate glycemic control despite optimal insulin therapy. 6. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the sotagliflozin is orally administered. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sotagliflozin is administered in an amount of 200 mg or 400 mg. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the sotagliflozin is administered once daily. 9. The method of claim 6, where the sotagliflozin is administered before the first meal of the day. 10. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein sotagliflozin is administered as an adjunct to insulin therapy. 11. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein sotagliflozin administration is initiated in a patient who had failed to achieve adequate glycemic control despite optimal insulin therapy. 12. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein upon initiation of the sotagliflozin treatment, the first mealtime bolus insulin dose is reduced by 20%. | The invention relates to the use of sotagliflozin to improve glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus with a Body Mass Index (BMI)≥27 kg/m2.1. A method of improving glycemic control comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of sotagliflozin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said patient has type 1 diabetes and a Body Mass Index (BMI)≥27 kg/m2. 2. A method of treating type 1 diabetes comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of sotagliflozin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said patient has a Body Mass Index (BMI)≥27 kg/m2. 3. A method of improving A1C comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of sotagliflozin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said patient has a BMI≥27 kg/m2. 4. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the patient is taking insulin. 5. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the patient has failed to achieve adequate glycemic control despite optimal insulin therapy. 6. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the sotagliflozin is orally administered. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sotagliflozin is administered in an amount of 200 mg or 400 mg. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the sotagliflozin is administered once daily. 9. The method of claim 6, where the sotagliflozin is administered before the first meal of the day. 10. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein sotagliflozin is administered as an adjunct to insulin therapy. 11. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein sotagliflozin administration is initiated in a patient who had failed to achieve adequate glycemic control despite optimal insulin therapy. 12. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein upon initiation of the sotagliflozin treatment, the first mealtime bolus insulin dose is reduced by 20%. | 1,600 |
345,814 | 16,804,240 | 1,623 | An upper-body apparatus for enhancing the workout of a lower-body exercise equipment and a method of using the same is provided. The upper-body apparatus is mounted above the lower-body exercise equipment for adding pull-up and pull-out functionality thereto. The upper-body apparatus has two tension elements depending from and spaced apart along a mounting surface above the lower-body exercise equipment. Each tension elements terminates in a swivel-connected handle just above the head of the user. An elastic cord interconnects the cuffs of the handles. The handles and elastic cords facilitate the pull-up and pull-out functionality for the user of the lower-body exercise equipment. | 1. An upper-body apparatus for enhancing a stationary lower-body exercise equipment, comprising:
two tension elements dependable from a mounting surface; each tension element extending from a mounting end to a handle end; a swivel connector operatively associated with each handle end; a handle depending from each swivel connector; and an elastic cord interconnecting said swivel connectors. 2. The upper-body apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a handle strap interconnecting the handle to each swivel connector. 3. The upper-body apparatus of claim 1, wherein the two tension elements are spaced apart along the mounting surface a mounting distance dimensioned and adapted to be approximately equal to a shoulder width of a human user. 4. The upper-body apparatus of claim 3, wherein a cord length of the elastic cord is approximately half of the shoulder width. 5. A method of adding a pull-out and pull-up functionality to a stationary lower-body exercise equipment, comprising:
providing the upper-body apparatus of claim 3; and mounting the two tension elements so that the handles terminate at approximately four inches above a head of the human user accommodated by the stationary lower-body exercise equipment. | An upper-body apparatus for enhancing the workout of a lower-body exercise equipment and a method of using the same is provided. The upper-body apparatus is mounted above the lower-body exercise equipment for adding pull-up and pull-out functionality thereto. The upper-body apparatus has two tension elements depending from and spaced apart along a mounting surface above the lower-body exercise equipment. Each tension elements terminates in a swivel-connected handle just above the head of the user. An elastic cord interconnects the cuffs of the handles. The handles and elastic cords facilitate the pull-up and pull-out functionality for the user of the lower-body exercise equipment.1. An upper-body apparatus for enhancing a stationary lower-body exercise equipment, comprising:
two tension elements dependable from a mounting surface; each tension element extending from a mounting end to a handle end; a swivel connector operatively associated with each handle end; a handle depending from each swivel connector; and an elastic cord interconnecting said swivel connectors. 2. The upper-body apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a handle strap interconnecting the handle to each swivel connector. 3. The upper-body apparatus of claim 1, wherein the two tension elements are spaced apart along the mounting surface a mounting distance dimensioned and adapted to be approximately equal to a shoulder width of a human user. 4. The upper-body apparatus of claim 3, wherein a cord length of the elastic cord is approximately half of the shoulder width. 5. A method of adding a pull-out and pull-up functionality to a stationary lower-body exercise equipment, comprising:
providing the upper-body apparatus of claim 3; and mounting the two tension elements so that the handles terminate at approximately four inches above a head of the human user accommodated by the stationary lower-body exercise equipment. | 1,600 |
345,815 | 16,804,254 | 3,792 | A signal processing apparatus includes a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to perform a process including obtaining measurement data including a signal of interest and an interference signal generated in proximity to a signal source of the signal of interest, estimating a signal source in an extraction target area including the signal source of the signal of interest and a signal source of the interference signal based on the measurement data, selecting the signal source of the interference signal based on a result of the estimating a signal source and extracting interference signal data generated from the selected signal source of the interference signal, and extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the interference signal data. | 1. A signal processing apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to perform a process including
obtaining measurement data including a signal of interest and an interference signal generated in proximity to a signal source of the signal of interest;
estimating a signal source in an extraction target area including the signal source of the signal of interest and a signal source of the interference signal based on the measurement data;
selecting the signal source of the interference signal based on a result of the estimating a signal source and extracting interference signal data generated from the selected signal source of the interference signal; and
extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the interference signal data. 2. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the measurement data is magnetic field data, wherein the estimating a signal source includes obtaining an electric current distribution in the extraction target area and estimating the signal source of the interference signal based on the electric current distribution, and wherein the extracting interference signal data includes extracting a magnetic field component of the interference signal data generated from the signal source of the interference signal estimated based on the electric current distribution. 3. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the process includes generating virtual interference signal data from the interference signal data, and wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the virtual interference signal data, using the virtual interference signal data instead of the interference signal data. 4. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the virtual interference signal data is indicated by a magnetic field component based on an electric current component of the interference signal data, and wherein the signal of interest is extracted from the measurement data that is magnetic field data and the virtual interference signal data. 5. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the extracting interference signal data includes receiving information indicating a position relation between the signal source of the signal of interest and the signal source of the interference signal and extracting the interference signal data based on the information. 6. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the signal of interest is extracted using a signal subspace projection method. 7. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the measurement data includes the signal of interest generated by a nerve-induced magnetic field generated by a nerve activity of a subject induced by an electrical stimulation that the subject receives and the interference signal generated by an interference magnetic field generated by the electrical stimulation, wherein the signal source of the signal of interest is a part of the subject to be measured, and wherein the signal source of the interference signal is an electrode attached to the subject for giving the electrical stimulation to the subject. 8. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the measurement data includes the signal of interest generated by a nerve-induced magnetic field generated by a nerve activity of a subject induced by an electrical stimulation that the subject receives and the interference signal generated by an interference magnetic field generated by the electrical stimulation, wherein the signal source of the signal of interest is a part of the subject to be measured, and wherein the signal source of the interference signal is a part that is other than the part of the subject to be measured and that generates the interference magnetic field by the nerve activity induced by the electrical stimulation. 9. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 7,
wherein the measurement data includes the signal of interest generated by the nerve-induced magnetic field generated by the nerve activity of a palm of the subject induced by the electrical stimulation that a finger receives and the interference signal generated by the interference magnetic field generated by the electrical stimulation. 10. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 7, comprising a plurality of magnetic sensors disposed at positions facing the part of the subject to be measured. 11. A signal processing method by a signal processing apparatus including a measurement executing unit configured to obtain measurement data including a signal of interest and an interference signal generated in proximity to a signal source of the signal of interest, the signal processing method comprising:
estimating a signal source in an extraction target area including the signal source of the signal of interest and a signal source of the interference signal based on the measurement data; selecting the signal source of the interference signal based on a result of the estimating a signal source and extracting interference signal data generated from the selected signal source of the interference signal; and extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the interference signal data. 12. The signal processing method as claimed in claim 11,
wherein the measurement data is magnetic field data, wherein the estimating a signal source includes obtaining electric current distribution in the extraction target area and estimating the signal source of the interference signal based on the electric current distribution, and wherein the extracting interference signal data includes extracting an electric current component of the interference signal data generated from the estimated signal source of the interference signal regarded as a magnetic field component. 13. The signal processing method as claimed in claim 11, comprising generating virtual interference signal data from the interference signal data, and
wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes removing a common part between the measurement data and the virtual interference signal data, using the virtual interference signal data instead of the interference signal data. 14. The signal processing method as claimed in claim 13,
wherein the generating virtual interference signal data includes generating the virtual interference signal data indicated by a magnetic field component based on an electric current component of the interference signal data, and wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes extracting the signal of interest from the measurement data that is magnetic field data and the virtual interference signal data. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a signal processing program for causing a signal processing apparatus to execute signal processing, the signal processing apparatus including a measurement executing unit configured to obtain measurement data including a signal of interest and an interference signal generated in proximity to a signal source of the signal of interest, and the signal processing comprising:
estimating a signal source in an extraction target area including the signal source of the signal of interest and a signal source of the interference signal based on the measurement data; selecting the signal source of the interference signal based on a result of the estimating a signal source and extracting interference signal data generated from the selected signal source of the interference signal; and extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the interference signal data. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium as claimed in claim 15,
wherein the measurement data is magnetic field data, wherein the estimating a signal source includes obtaining an electric current distribution in the extraction target area and estimating the signal source of the interference signal based on the electric current distribution, and wherein the extracting interference signal data includes extracting an electric current component of the interference signal data generated from the estimated signal source of the interference signal regarded as a magnetic field component. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium as claimed in claim 15, comprising generating virtual interference signal data from the interference signal data, and
wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes removing a common part between the measurement data and the virtual interference signal data, using the virtual interference signal data instead of the interference signal data. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium as claimed in claim 17,
wherein the generating virtual interference signal data includes generating the virtual interference signal data indicated by a magnetic field component based on an electric current component of the interference signal data, and wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes extracting the signal of interest from the measurement data that is magnetic field data and the virtual interference signal data. | A signal processing apparatus includes a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to perform a process including obtaining measurement data including a signal of interest and an interference signal generated in proximity to a signal source of the signal of interest, estimating a signal source in an extraction target area including the signal source of the signal of interest and a signal source of the interference signal based on the measurement data, selecting the signal source of the interference signal based on a result of the estimating a signal source and extracting interference signal data generated from the selected signal source of the interference signal, and extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the interference signal data.1. A signal processing apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to perform a process including
obtaining measurement data including a signal of interest and an interference signal generated in proximity to a signal source of the signal of interest;
estimating a signal source in an extraction target area including the signal source of the signal of interest and a signal source of the interference signal based on the measurement data;
selecting the signal source of the interference signal based on a result of the estimating a signal source and extracting interference signal data generated from the selected signal source of the interference signal; and
extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the interference signal data. 2. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the measurement data is magnetic field data, wherein the estimating a signal source includes obtaining an electric current distribution in the extraction target area and estimating the signal source of the interference signal based on the electric current distribution, and wherein the extracting interference signal data includes extracting a magnetic field component of the interference signal data generated from the signal source of the interference signal estimated based on the electric current distribution. 3. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the process includes generating virtual interference signal data from the interference signal data, and wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the virtual interference signal data, using the virtual interference signal data instead of the interference signal data. 4. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the virtual interference signal data is indicated by a magnetic field component based on an electric current component of the interference signal data, and wherein the signal of interest is extracted from the measurement data that is magnetic field data and the virtual interference signal data. 5. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the extracting interference signal data includes receiving information indicating a position relation between the signal source of the signal of interest and the signal source of the interference signal and extracting the interference signal data based on the information. 6. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the signal of interest is extracted using a signal subspace projection method. 7. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the measurement data includes the signal of interest generated by a nerve-induced magnetic field generated by a nerve activity of a subject induced by an electrical stimulation that the subject receives and the interference signal generated by an interference magnetic field generated by the electrical stimulation, wherein the signal source of the signal of interest is a part of the subject to be measured, and wherein the signal source of the interference signal is an electrode attached to the subject for giving the electrical stimulation to the subject. 8. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the measurement data includes the signal of interest generated by a nerve-induced magnetic field generated by a nerve activity of a subject induced by an electrical stimulation that the subject receives and the interference signal generated by an interference magnetic field generated by the electrical stimulation, wherein the signal source of the signal of interest is a part of the subject to be measured, and wherein the signal source of the interference signal is a part that is other than the part of the subject to be measured and that generates the interference magnetic field by the nerve activity induced by the electrical stimulation. 9. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 7,
wherein the measurement data includes the signal of interest generated by the nerve-induced magnetic field generated by the nerve activity of a palm of the subject induced by the electrical stimulation that a finger receives and the interference signal generated by the interference magnetic field generated by the electrical stimulation. 10. The signal processing apparatus as claimed in claim 7, comprising a plurality of magnetic sensors disposed at positions facing the part of the subject to be measured. 11. A signal processing method by a signal processing apparatus including a measurement executing unit configured to obtain measurement data including a signal of interest and an interference signal generated in proximity to a signal source of the signal of interest, the signal processing method comprising:
estimating a signal source in an extraction target area including the signal source of the signal of interest and a signal source of the interference signal based on the measurement data; selecting the signal source of the interference signal based on a result of the estimating a signal source and extracting interference signal data generated from the selected signal source of the interference signal; and extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the interference signal data. 12. The signal processing method as claimed in claim 11,
wherein the measurement data is magnetic field data, wherein the estimating a signal source includes obtaining electric current distribution in the extraction target area and estimating the signal source of the interference signal based on the electric current distribution, and wherein the extracting interference signal data includes extracting an electric current component of the interference signal data generated from the estimated signal source of the interference signal regarded as a magnetic field component. 13. The signal processing method as claimed in claim 11, comprising generating virtual interference signal data from the interference signal data, and
wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes removing a common part between the measurement data and the virtual interference signal data, using the virtual interference signal data instead of the interference signal data. 14. The signal processing method as claimed in claim 13,
wherein the generating virtual interference signal data includes generating the virtual interference signal data indicated by a magnetic field component based on an electric current component of the interference signal data, and wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes extracting the signal of interest from the measurement data that is magnetic field data and the virtual interference signal data. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a signal processing program for causing a signal processing apparatus to execute signal processing, the signal processing apparatus including a measurement executing unit configured to obtain measurement data including a signal of interest and an interference signal generated in proximity to a signal source of the signal of interest, and the signal processing comprising:
estimating a signal source in an extraction target area including the signal source of the signal of interest and a signal source of the interference signal based on the measurement data; selecting the signal source of the interference signal based on a result of the estimating a signal source and extracting interference signal data generated from the selected signal source of the interference signal; and extracting the signal of interest by removing a common part between the measurement data and the interference signal data. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium as claimed in claim 15,
wherein the measurement data is magnetic field data, wherein the estimating a signal source includes obtaining an electric current distribution in the extraction target area and estimating the signal source of the interference signal based on the electric current distribution, and wherein the extracting interference signal data includes extracting an electric current component of the interference signal data generated from the estimated signal source of the interference signal regarded as a magnetic field component. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium as claimed in claim 15, comprising generating virtual interference signal data from the interference signal data, and
wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes removing a common part between the measurement data and the virtual interference signal data, using the virtual interference signal data instead of the interference signal data. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium as claimed in claim 17,
wherein the generating virtual interference signal data includes generating the virtual interference signal data indicated by a magnetic field component based on an electric current component of the interference signal data, and wherein the extracting the signal of interest includes extracting the signal of interest from the measurement data that is magnetic field data and the virtual interference signal data. | 3,700 |
345,816 | 16,804,219 | 3,792 | A method for determining crystal phases of a glass ceramic sample, including the steps of applying energy to the sample using an excitation source, detecting raw Raman spectral energy that is given off by the sample using a detector, wherein the raw Raman spectral energy includes peak values, determining a plurality of predetermined energy peaks based off a composition of the sample, superimposing the plurality of predetermined energy peaks over the raw Raman spectral energy, applying a baseline value between each predetermined energy peak, subtracting the baseline value from the raw Raman spectral energy, calculating corrected peak values based on the raw Raman spectral energy and baseline value, and determining the crystal phases of the glass ceramic sample based on the corrected peak values. | 1. A method for determining crystal phases of a glass ceramic sample, comprising the steps of:
applying an energy to the sample using an excitation source; detecting raw Raman spectral energy that is given off by the sample using a detector, wherein the raw Raman spectral energy includes peak attributes; determining a plurality of predetermined energy peaks based off a composition of the sample; superimposing the plurality of predetermined energy peaks over the raw Raman spectral energy; applying a baseline value between each predetermined energy peak; subtracting the baseline value from the raw Raman spectral energy; calculating corrected peak attributes based on the raw Raman spectral energy and baseline value; and determining the crystal phases of the glass ceramic sample based on the corrected peak attributes. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising calibrating the plurality of predetermined energy peaks using an x-ray diffraction method on a control sample. 3. A method for determining crystal phases of a glass ceramic sample as described and illustrated herein. 4. An apparatus for determining crystal phases of a glass ceramic sample as described and illustrated herein. 5. A method for crystal phase quality control of nucleated or partially cerammed glass sheet, wherein the partially cerammed sheet has crystal phases that make it suitable for further processing in 3D forming or sheet bending. 6. A method for crystal phase quality control of a 3D glass ceramic article that is cerammed while being 3D formed from either green glass or from a nucleated sheet. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the peak attributes comprise height of a peak, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a peak, and/or area of a peak. 8. A method of evaluating glass ceramic/partially cerammed/nucleated articles based on Raman characterization in accordance with claim 1, comprising:
rejecting a sample if a ratio of a peak area for an undesirable phase and selected desirable phase(s) is calculated to be outside a plurality of acceptable limits; and rejecting the sample if relative amounts of each phase, determined based on calibration curve between XRD and Raman, are calculated to be outside a plurality of acceptable limits. | A method for determining crystal phases of a glass ceramic sample, including the steps of applying energy to the sample using an excitation source, detecting raw Raman spectral energy that is given off by the sample using a detector, wherein the raw Raman spectral energy includes peak values, determining a plurality of predetermined energy peaks based off a composition of the sample, superimposing the plurality of predetermined energy peaks over the raw Raman spectral energy, applying a baseline value between each predetermined energy peak, subtracting the baseline value from the raw Raman spectral energy, calculating corrected peak values based on the raw Raman spectral energy and baseline value, and determining the crystal phases of the glass ceramic sample based on the corrected peak values.1. A method for determining crystal phases of a glass ceramic sample, comprising the steps of:
applying an energy to the sample using an excitation source; detecting raw Raman spectral energy that is given off by the sample using a detector, wherein the raw Raman spectral energy includes peak attributes; determining a plurality of predetermined energy peaks based off a composition of the sample; superimposing the plurality of predetermined energy peaks over the raw Raman spectral energy; applying a baseline value between each predetermined energy peak; subtracting the baseline value from the raw Raman spectral energy; calculating corrected peak attributes based on the raw Raman spectral energy and baseline value; and determining the crystal phases of the glass ceramic sample based on the corrected peak attributes. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising calibrating the plurality of predetermined energy peaks using an x-ray diffraction method on a control sample. 3. A method for determining crystal phases of a glass ceramic sample as described and illustrated herein. 4. An apparatus for determining crystal phases of a glass ceramic sample as described and illustrated herein. 5. A method for crystal phase quality control of nucleated or partially cerammed glass sheet, wherein the partially cerammed sheet has crystal phases that make it suitable for further processing in 3D forming or sheet bending. 6. A method for crystal phase quality control of a 3D glass ceramic article that is cerammed while being 3D formed from either green glass or from a nucleated sheet. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the peak attributes comprise height of a peak, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a peak, and/or area of a peak. 8. A method of evaluating glass ceramic/partially cerammed/nucleated articles based on Raman characterization in accordance with claim 1, comprising:
rejecting a sample if a ratio of a peak area for an undesirable phase and selected desirable phase(s) is calculated to be outside a plurality of acceptable limits; and rejecting the sample if relative amounts of each phase, determined based on calibration curve between XRD and Raman, are calculated to be outside a plurality of acceptable limits. | 3,700 |
345,817 | 16,804,261 | 2,177 | Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a topic based artificial intelligence authoring and playback system, comprising: an interactive personal storytelling proxy system comprising a storytelling proxy authoring module, a storytelling proxy conversation management module, and a timeline module, the storytelling proxy authoring module configured to enable an Instigator to interactively create, train, test, refine and update an untrained state of storytelling proxies on an Instigator's computing device by transferring an interactive content and a media content into the plurality of storytelling proxies, the storytelling proxy conversation management module configured to orchestrate and synchronize different functions, and story structures into comprehensive, optimized interactive content with Interactors, the storytelling proxy authoring module configured to allow the Instigator to share the storytelling proxies with the Interactors from the Instigator's computing device thereby a semantic analysis of the storytelling proxy authoring module allows the storytelling proxies gets smarter through interactions from an Interactor's computing device by Interactors, the timeline module configured to distribute the storytelling proxies publicly on a home timeline after the Instigator satisfied with a trained state of the storytelling proxies. | 1. A topic based artificial intelligence authoring and playback system, comprising:
an interactive personal storytelling proxy system comprising a storytelling proxy authoring module, a storytelling proxy conversation management module, and a timeline module, wherein the storytelling proxy authoring module configured to enable an Instigator to interactively create, train, test, refine and update an untrained state of a plurality of storytelling proxies on an Instigator's computing device by transferring an interactive content and a media content into the plurality of storytelling proxies, the storytelling proxy conversation management module configured to orchestrate and synchronize different functions, and story structures into comprehensive, optimized interactive content with a plurality of Interactors, the storytelling proxy authoring module configured to allow the Instigator to share the plurality of storytelling proxies with the plurality of Interactors from the Instigator's computing device thereby a semantic analysis of the storytelling proxy authoring module allows the plurality of storytelling proxies gets smarter through a plurality of interactions from an Interactor's computing device by a plurality Interactors, the timeline module configured to distribute the plurality of storytelling proxies publicly on a home timeline after the Instigator satisfied with a trained state of the plurality of storytelling proxies. 2. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 1, wherein the storytelling proxy conversation management module comprising a script editor module configured to enable the Instigator to create, edit and update a plurality scripts associated with the plurality of storytelling proxies. 3. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 2, wherein the script editor module is configured to allow the Instigator to open up the plurality of scripts, select a plurality of script elements, copy the plurality of script elements onto a clipboard of a storytelling proxy. 4. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 3, wherein the plurality of script elements comprising the media content, narration, background, magic motion picture special effects, language tricks, and also a plurality of whitelists. 5. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 1, wherein the storytelling proxy conversation management module comprising a knowledge graph of information comes directly from the plurality of storytelling proxies, crafting stories, creating and uploading media, mentioning keywords and topics, building whitelists and the plurality of interactions from the Interactors who interact with the plurality of storytelling proxies. 6. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 1, wherein the storytelling proxy conversation management module comprising a storytelling proxy share module configured to enable the Instigator on the Instigator's computing device to send an invite to a plurality of end-users to become the plurality of Interactors of the plurality of storytelling proxies. 7. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 1, wherein the storytelling proxy conversation management module comprising a plurality of agents configured to guide the Instigator by triggering a plurality of instructional notifications and a plurality of instructional alerts on the Instigator's computing device. 8. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of agents is configured to provide a controlled environment to the Instigator on the Instigator's computing device. 9. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of agents comprising encapsulated experiences to:
import a story on social networking service, create a backstory item, and utilize the media content in new ways and help the Instigator. 10. A method for distributing storytelling proxy on a public domain timeline, comprising:
creating, training, testing, refining and updating an untrained state of a plurality of storytelling proxies on an interactive personal storytelling proxy system by transferring an interactive content and a media content into the plurality of storytelling proxies from an Instigator's computing device; sharing the plurality of storytelling proxies with a plurality of Interactors from the Instigator's computing device by the Instigator, whereby the plurality of Interactors interacts with the plurality of storytelling proxies on an Interactor's computing device thereby the plurality of storytelling proxies gets smarter by a semantic analysis of the interactive personal storytelling proxy system through a plurality of interactions from the Interactor's computing device by the plurality Interactors; allowing the Instigator to test and iterate a plurality of storytelling proxy conversations of the plurality of storytelling proxies on the Instigator's computing device until the Instigator gets satisfied with a trained state of the plurality of storytelling proxies; and distributing the plurality of storytelling proxies publicly on a home timeline of the interactive personal storytelling proxy system by the Instigator from the Instigator's computing device after the Instigator satisfied with a state of the plurality of storytelling proxies. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of creating a plurality of storytelling scripts associated with the plurality of storytelling proxies by the Instigator on the Instigator's computing device. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of testing the plurality of storytelling scripts by selecting a play button of the interactive personal storytelling proxy system on the Instigator's computing device thereby playing a role of the Interactor by the Instigator. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of editing the plurality of storytelling scripts by adding the media content and the interactive content to the plurality of storytelling scripts by the Instigator. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of choosing the plurality of storytelling proxies by importing a plurality of stories created in social media platforms and adding backstories and story endings to the plurality of storytelling proxies by the plurality of Interactors and become a plurality of Instigators on the Interactor's computing device. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising a step of training the plurality of storytelling proxies by feeding more vocabulary, answering questions, adding voice over narration and authoring interactive experiences. 16. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therein to be executed by one or more processors, said program code including instructions to:
create, train, test, refine and update an untrained state of a plurality of storytelling proxies of an interactive personal storytelling proxy system by transferring an interactive content and a media content into the plurality of storytelling proxies on an Instigator's computing device; share the plurality of storytelling proxies with a plurality of Interactors from the Instigator's computing device by the Instigator, whereby the plurality of Interactors interacts with the plurality of storytelling proxies on an Interactor's computing device thereby the plurality of storytelling proxies gets smarter by a semantic analysis through a plurality of interactions from the Interactor's computing device by the plurality Interactors; allow the Instigator to test and iterate a plurality of storytelling proxy conversations of the plurality of storytelling proxies on the Instigator's computing device until the Instigator gets satisfied with a state of the plurality of storytelling proxies; and distribute the plurality of storytelling proxies publicly on a home timeline of an interactive personal storytelling proxy system by the Instigator from the Instigator's computing device after the Instigator satisfied with a trained state of the plurality of storytelling proxies. | Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a topic based artificial intelligence authoring and playback system, comprising: an interactive personal storytelling proxy system comprising a storytelling proxy authoring module, a storytelling proxy conversation management module, and a timeline module, the storytelling proxy authoring module configured to enable an Instigator to interactively create, train, test, refine and update an untrained state of storytelling proxies on an Instigator's computing device by transferring an interactive content and a media content into the plurality of storytelling proxies, the storytelling proxy conversation management module configured to orchestrate and synchronize different functions, and story structures into comprehensive, optimized interactive content with Interactors, the storytelling proxy authoring module configured to allow the Instigator to share the storytelling proxies with the Interactors from the Instigator's computing device thereby a semantic analysis of the storytelling proxy authoring module allows the storytelling proxies gets smarter through interactions from an Interactor's computing device by Interactors, the timeline module configured to distribute the storytelling proxies publicly on a home timeline after the Instigator satisfied with a trained state of the storytelling proxies.1. A topic based artificial intelligence authoring and playback system, comprising:
an interactive personal storytelling proxy system comprising a storytelling proxy authoring module, a storytelling proxy conversation management module, and a timeline module, wherein the storytelling proxy authoring module configured to enable an Instigator to interactively create, train, test, refine and update an untrained state of a plurality of storytelling proxies on an Instigator's computing device by transferring an interactive content and a media content into the plurality of storytelling proxies, the storytelling proxy conversation management module configured to orchestrate and synchronize different functions, and story structures into comprehensive, optimized interactive content with a plurality of Interactors, the storytelling proxy authoring module configured to allow the Instigator to share the plurality of storytelling proxies with the plurality of Interactors from the Instigator's computing device thereby a semantic analysis of the storytelling proxy authoring module allows the plurality of storytelling proxies gets smarter through a plurality of interactions from an Interactor's computing device by a plurality Interactors, the timeline module configured to distribute the plurality of storytelling proxies publicly on a home timeline after the Instigator satisfied with a trained state of the plurality of storytelling proxies. 2. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 1, wherein the storytelling proxy conversation management module comprising a script editor module configured to enable the Instigator to create, edit and update a plurality scripts associated with the plurality of storytelling proxies. 3. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 2, wherein the script editor module is configured to allow the Instigator to open up the plurality of scripts, select a plurality of script elements, copy the plurality of script elements onto a clipboard of a storytelling proxy. 4. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 3, wherein the plurality of script elements comprising the media content, narration, background, magic motion picture special effects, language tricks, and also a plurality of whitelists. 5. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 1, wherein the storytelling proxy conversation management module comprising a knowledge graph of information comes directly from the plurality of storytelling proxies, crafting stories, creating and uploading media, mentioning keywords and topics, building whitelists and the plurality of interactions from the Interactors who interact with the plurality of storytelling proxies. 6. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 1, wherein the storytelling proxy conversation management module comprising a storytelling proxy share module configured to enable the Instigator on the Instigator's computing device to send an invite to a plurality of end-users to become the plurality of Interactors of the plurality of storytelling proxies. 7. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 1, wherein the storytelling proxy conversation management module comprising a plurality of agents configured to guide the Instigator by triggering a plurality of instructional notifications and a plurality of instructional alerts on the Instigator's computing device. 8. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of agents is configured to provide a controlled environment to the Instigator on the Instigator's computing device. 9. The artificial intelligence authoring and playback system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of agents comprising encapsulated experiences to:
import a story on social networking service, create a backstory item, and utilize the media content in new ways and help the Instigator. 10. A method for distributing storytelling proxy on a public domain timeline, comprising:
creating, training, testing, refining and updating an untrained state of a plurality of storytelling proxies on an interactive personal storytelling proxy system by transferring an interactive content and a media content into the plurality of storytelling proxies from an Instigator's computing device; sharing the plurality of storytelling proxies with a plurality of Interactors from the Instigator's computing device by the Instigator, whereby the plurality of Interactors interacts with the plurality of storytelling proxies on an Interactor's computing device thereby the plurality of storytelling proxies gets smarter by a semantic analysis of the interactive personal storytelling proxy system through a plurality of interactions from the Interactor's computing device by the plurality Interactors; allowing the Instigator to test and iterate a plurality of storytelling proxy conversations of the plurality of storytelling proxies on the Instigator's computing device until the Instigator gets satisfied with a trained state of the plurality of storytelling proxies; and distributing the plurality of storytelling proxies publicly on a home timeline of the interactive personal storytelling proxy system by the Instigator from the Instigator's computing device after the Instigator satisfied with a state of the plurality of storytelling proxies. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of creating a plurality of storytelling scripts associated with the plurality of storytelling proxies by the Instigator on the Instigator's computing device. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of testing the plurality of storytelling scripts by selecting a play button of the interactive personal storytelling proxy system on the Instigator's computing device thereby playing a role of the Interactor by the Instigator. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of editing the plurality of storytelling scripts by adding the media content and the interactive content to the plurality of storytelling scripts by the Instigator. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of choosing the plurality of storytelling proxies by importing a plurality of stories created in social media platforms and adding backstories and story endings to the plurality of storytelling proxies by the plurality of Interactors and become a plurality of Instigators on the Interactor's computing device. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising a step of training the plurality of storytelling proxies by feeding more vocabulary, answering questions, adding voice over narration and authoring interactive experiences. 16. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therein to be executed by one or more processors, said program code including instructions to:
create, train, test, refine and update an untrained state of a plurality of storytelling proxies of an interactive personal storytelling proxy system by transferring an interactive content and a media content into the plurality of storytelling proxies on an Instigator's computing device; share the plurality of storytelling proxies with a plurality of Interactors from the Instigator's computing device by the Instigator, whereby the plurality of Interactors interacts with the plurality of storytelling proxies on an Interactor's computing device thereby the plurality of storytelling proxies gets smarter by a semantic analysis through a plurality of interactions from the Interactor's computing device by the plurality Interactors; allow the Instigator to test and iterate a plurality of storytelling proxy conversations of the plurality of storytelling proxies on the Instigator's computing device until the Instigator gets satisfied with a state of the plurality of storytelling proxies; and distribute the plurality of storytelling proxies publicly on a home timeline of an interactive personal storytelling proxy system by the Instigator from the Instigator's computing device after the Instigator satisfied with a trained state of the plurality of storytelling proxies. | 2,100 |
345,818 | 16,804,239 | 2,177 | The invention relates to a passenger conveyor, such as an escalator or autowalk, comprising a band of conveying elements; a diverting wheel for diverting the passage of the band of conveying elements and/or a traction member thereof and a brake for braking rotation of the diverting wheel. The brake comprises a screw member having a conical threaded external rim; a nut member having a conical threaded internal rim, the screw member and nut member being screwed together, one of said screw member and nut member being connected with the diverting wheel for being driven by the diverting wheel. The brake further comprises a stopping device for stopping rotation of the other of said screw member and nut member. | 1. A passenger conveyor, such as an escalator or autowalk, comprising
a band of conveying elements; a diverting wheel for diverting the passage of the band of conveying elements and/or a traction member thereof; a brake for braking rotation of the diverting wheel, wherein the brake comprises a screw member having a conical threaded external rim; a nut member having a conical threaded internal rim, the screw member and nut member being screwed together, one of said screw member and nut member being connected with the diverting wheel for being driven by the diverting wheel, a stopping device for stopping rotation of the other of said screw member and nut member. 2. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the screw member and nut member are rotatable together by the diverting wheel. 3. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein said one of said screw member and nut member is said screw member and said other of said screw member and nut member is said nut member. 4. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the screw member and nut member have been pre-tightened together by screwing of the screw member into the nut member, preferably with at least 1 Nm torque. 5. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the screw member and nut member are tightenable together to engage more firmly with each other, by screwing of the screw member deeper into the nut member. 6. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein rotation of the diverting wheel in its first rotation direction is arranged to cause screwing of the screw member deeper into the nut member, if the stopping device has stopped rotation of said other of said screw member and nut member. 7. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the band of conveying elements comprises an inclined conveying section for conveying passengers standing on the conveyor elements at an inclined angle upwards or downwards. 8. A passenger conveyor according to claim 6, wherein said first direction is the rotation direction in which the diverting wheel rotates when the conveying elements of the inclined section that are accessible to stand on by passengers move at an inclined angle downwards. 9. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein said one of said screw member and nut member is connected with the diverting wheel by a connection transmitting rotation between the two in two opposite rotation directions. 10. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein said one of said screw member and nut member is fixed on the diverting wheel or a shaft on which the diverting wheel is mounted. 11. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the nut member is surrounded by an empty space outside it in radial direction, in particular whereto it is free to radially expand when tightened together with the screw member and/or the screw member has an empty inside space, in particular whereto it is free to radially expand when tightened together with the screw member. 12. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the passenger conveyor comprises a control arrangement arranged to control operation of the stopping device. 13. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the stopping device comprises at least one stopping member movable to act on the other of said screw member and nut member for stopping rotation thereof, for thereby causing relative rotation between the screw member and nut member. 14. A passenger conveyor according to claim 12, wherein the control arrangement is arranged to control movement of the at least one stopping member. 15. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein said other of said screw member and nut member comprises a cogged rim, and said stopping member is movable into rotational path of at least one of the cogs of the cogged rim. 16. A passenger conveyor according to claim 12, wherein the control arrangement comprises an electrical controller configured to control the stopping device over an electrical bus. 17. A passenger conveyor according to claim 16, wherein the electrical controller is configured to activate the stopping device to stop rotation of the other of said screw member and nut member, in particular when one or more predetermined criteria are met, preferably including overspeed is detected in one or more of moving parts of the conveyor. 18. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the stopping device comprises an electrically controlled actuator, such as a solenoid. 19. A passenger conveyor according to claim 18, wherein the electrically controlled actuator is suitable for actuating the stopping member to act on the other of said screw member and nut member for stopping rotation thereof. 20. A passenger conveyor according to claim 14, wherein the control arrangement comprises a cam wheel and a pendulum pivotal around a fulcrum, the pendulum comprising a roller spring-tightened to run along the cam wheel, the roller being arranged to be moved radially outwards by the cams of the cam wheel, and returned radially inwards by a spring mechanism, and the roller is arranged to loose contact with the cam wheel such that the pendulum turns to such a position that a stopping member thereof extends into path of a cog of the aforementioned cogged rim if rotational speed of the cam wheel exceeds a limit. 21. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the traction member is a chain. 22. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the diverting wheel is a sprocket around and against which the traction member and/or conveying elements pass. 23. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the passenger conveyor is an escalator and said conveying elements are steps. 24. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the passenger conveyor comprises a first brake, which is the main brake of the passenger conveyor, and a second brake, which is an auxiliary brake of the passenger conveyor, said brake being said second brake. | The invention relates to a passenger conveyor, such as an escalator or autowalk, comprising a band of conveying elements; a diverting wheel for diverting the passage of the band of conveying elements and/or a traction member thereof and a brake for braking rotation of the diverting wheel. The brake comprises a screw member having a conical threaded external rim; a nut member having a conical threaded internal rim, the screw member and nut member being screwed together, one of said screw member and nut member being connected with the diverting wheel for being driven by the diverting wheel. The brake further comprises a stopping device for stopping rotation of the other of said screw member and nut member.1. A passenger conveyor, such as an escalator or autowalk, comprising
a band of conveying elements; a diverting wheel for diverting the passage of the band of conveying elements and/or a traction member thereof; a brake for braking rotation of the diverting wheel, wherein the brake comprises a screw member having a conical threaded external rim; a nut member having a conical threaded internal rim, the screw member and nut member being screwed together, one of said screw member and nut member being connected with the diverting wheel for being driven by the diverting wheel, a stopping device for stopping rotation of the other of said screw member and nut member. 2. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the screw member and nut member are rotatable together by the diverting wheel. 3. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein said one of said screw member and nut member is said screw member and said other of said screw member and nut member is said nut member. 4. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the screw member and nut member have been pre-tightened together by screwing of the screw member into the nut member, preferably with at least 1 Nm torque. 5. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the screw member and nut member are tightenable together to engage more firmly with each other, by screwing of the screw member deeper into the nut member. 6. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein rotation of the diverting wheel in its first rotation direction is arranged to cause screwing of the screw member deeper into the nut member, if the stopping device has stopped rotation of said other of said screw member and nut member. 7. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the band of conveying elements comprises an inclined conveying section for conveying passengers standing on the conveyor elements at an inclined angle upwards or downwards. 8. A passenger conveyor according to claim 6, wherein said first direction is the rotation direction in which the diverting wheel rotates when the conveying elements of the inclined section that are accessible to stand on by passengers move at an inclined angle downwards. 9. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein said one of said screw member and nut member is connected with the diverting wheel by a connection transmitting rotation between the two in two opposite rotation directions. 10. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein said one of said screw member and nut member is fixed on the diverting wheel or a shaft on which the diverting wheel is mounted. 11. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the nut member is surrounded by an empty space outside it in radial direction, in particular whereto it is free to radially expand when tightened together with the screw member and/or the screw member has an empty inside space, in particular whereto it is free to radially expand when tightened together with the screw member. 12. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the passenger conveyor comprises a control arrangement arranged to control operation of the stopping device. 13. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the stopping device comprises at least one stopping member movable to act on the other of said screw member and nut member for stopping rotation thereof, for thereby causing relative rotation between the screw member and nut member. 14. A passenger conveyor according to claim 12, wherein the control arrangement is arranged to control movement of the at least one stopping member. 15. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein said other of said screw member and nut member comprises a cogged rim, and said stopping member is movable into rotational path of at least one of the cogs of the cogged rim. 16. A passenger conveyor according to claim 12, wherein the control arrangement comprises an electrical controller configured to control the stopping device over an electrical bus. 17. A passenger conveyor according to claim 16, wherein the electrical controller is configured to activate the stopping device to stop rotation of the other of said screw member and nut member, in particular when one or more predetermined criteria are met, preferably including overspeed is detected in one or more of moving parts of the conveyor. 18. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the stopping device comprises an electrically controlled actuator, such as a solenoid. 19. A passenger conveyor according to claim 18, wherein the electrically controlled actuator is suitable for actuating the stopping member to act on the other of said screw member and nut member for stopping rotation thereof. 20. A passenger conveyor according to claim 14, wherein the control arrangement comprises a cam wheel and a pendulum pivotal around a fulcrum, the pendulum comprising a roller spring-tightened to run along the cam wheel, the roller being arranged to be moved radially outwards by the cams of the cam wheel, and returned radially inwards by a spring mechanism, and the roller is arranged to loose contact with the cam wheel such that the pendulum turns to such a position that a stopping member thereof extends into path of a cog of the aforementioned cogged rim if rotational speed of the cam wheel exceeds a limit. 21. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the traction member is a chain. 22. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the diverting wheel is a sprocket around and against which the traction member and/or conveying elements pass. 23. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the passenger conveyor is an escalator and said conveying elements are steps. 24. A passenger conveyor according to claim 1, wherein the passenger conveyor comprises a first brake, which is the main brake of the passenger conveyor, and a second brake, which is an auxiliary brake of the passenger conveyor, said brake being said second brake. | 2,100 |
345,819 | 16,804,212 | 1,736 | Provided are multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with nanospheres of carbon, methods of preparing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with nanospheres of carbon, and uses thereof. | 1. A process for preparing a carbon nanotube in contact with an carbon nanosphere, the process comprising:
(i) providing a mixture comprising carbon nanospheres and carbon nanotubes in a solvent; (ii) refluxing the mixture; (iii) removing the solvent to obtain a carbon nanotube in contact with an carbon nanosphere. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanosphere and the carbon nanotubes are mixed in a dry weight ratio of about 1:1 and stirred in the solvent. 3. The process of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the solvent is an aprotic solvent. 4. The process of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the solvent is methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol. 5. The process of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the solvent is methanol. 6. The process of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the mixture is refluxed for a period of about 0 day-415 days. 7. The process of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the mixture is refluxed at a reflux temperature that is at 100° C. 8. The process of any one of claims 1-7, drying a residue produced by removing the solvent for a period of about 1 day-5 days. 9. The process of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the carbon nanotubes are multiwalled carbon nanotubes. 10. The process of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the multiwalled carbon nanotubes are 5 to 9 μm in length. 11. The process of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the multiwalled carbon nanotube diameter ranges from 110-170 nm. 12. The process of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the carbon nanosphere is a resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel carbon nanosphere. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel carbon nanosphere is prepared by a process comprising carbonizing and activating resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. 14. The process of claim 13, wherein the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel is prepared by a process comprising:
(iv) providing a mixture comprising resorcinol, a catalyst, formaldehyde, and water; (v) adjusting the pH to about 7; (vi) heating the mixture in sealed vials to about 70° C.; (vii) adding acetic acid to the mixture; and (viii) heating the sealed vials for about 7 days. 15. The process of claim 14, wherein the vials are propylene vials. 16. The process of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the acetic acid is 2% acetic acid. 17. The process of any one of claims 14-16, wherein the catalyst is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate. 18. The process of any one of claims 14-17, wherein the catalyst is sodium carbonate. 19. The process of any one of claims 14-18, wherein adjusting the pH to about 7 comprises adding an acid and/or a base. 20. The process of any one of claims 14-19, wherein adjusting the pH to about 7 comprises adding nitric acid and/or ammonium hydroxide. 21. The process of any one of claims 14-20, further comprising the steps of
(ix) decanting any excess solution in the vial which is on top of the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel; and (x) solvent exchanging with an organic solvent at room temperature for about 24 hours to produce a cured gel. 22. The process of claim 21, further comprising solvent exchanging with an organic solvent at room temperature twice over 3 days. 23. The process of claim 21 or 22, wherein the organic solvent is an aprotic water miscible solvent. 24. The process of any one of claims 21-23, wherein the organic solvent is acetone or tetrahydrofuran. 25. The process of claim 24, wherein the organic solvent is acetone. 26. The process of any one of claims 22-25, further comprising the step of flowing liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide through the cured gel. 27. The process of claim 26, wherein flowing liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide through the cured gel occurs in an extractor at a pressure of about 5 MPa and a temperature of about 20° C. 28. The process of claim 27, comprising depressurizing the extractor to about 1.2 MPa. 29. The process of claim 28, wherein, after depressurizing, flowing carbon dioxide through the gel at 20° C. for a time ranging from about 1 to 3 hours. 30. The process of any one of claims 14-29, comprising carbonizing and activating of the dried resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel, wherein carbonizing and activating comprises the steps of:
(xi) heating the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel for a period of at least 1 hour; and (xii) cooling the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel to room temperature under carbon dioxide gas. 31. The process of claim 30, comprising heating the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel at a rate of 10° C./min up to a temperature of 700° C. in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide flowing at a rate of about 150 cm3/min. 32. The process of any one of claims 1-31, wherein the carbon nanotubes are characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern comprising peaks at one or more, or all of 26°, 42° and 53.8° 2θ. 33. The process of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the carbon nanotubes are characterized by Raman spectra shifts of 1314 cm−1, 1576 cm−1, and 2625 cm−1. 34. The process of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the carbon nanotubes are characterized by Raman spectra shifts of 1314 cm−1 of intensity ID, 1576 cm−1 (G band) of intensity IG, and 2625 cm−1 (G′ band), and wherein the carbon nanotubes in contact with an aerogel carbon nanosphere are characterized by an ID/IG ratio of 1 for the sample decorated after day 415. 35. A carbon nanotube in contact with aerogel carbon nanospheres prepared by the process of any one of claims 1-34. 36. A composition comprising carbon nanotubes in contact with carbon nanospheres. 37. The composition of claim 36, wherein the carbon nanotubes in contact with carbon nanospheres are prepared by the process of any one of claims 1-34. 38. The composition of claim 37, wherein the aerogel carbon nanospheres are resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel carbon nanospheres prepared by the process of any one of claims 14-34. 39. The composition of claim 38, wherein the carbon nanotubes are characterized by Raman spectra shifts of 1314 cm−1 (D band) of intensity ID, 1576 cm−1 (G band) of intensity IG, and 2625 cm−1 (G′ band), and wherein the carbon nanotubes in contact with an aerogel carbon nanosphere are characterized by an ID/IG ratio of 1 for the sample decorated after day 415. 40. A catalyst comprising the composition of claim 37. 41. A drug delivery agent comprising the composition of claim 37. 42. A transparent conducting film comprising the composition of claim 37. 43. A method for water purification, the method comprising contacting water with a composition of claim 37. | Provided are multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with nanospheres of carbon, methods of preparing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with nanospheres of carbon, and uses thereof.1. A process for preparing a carbon nanotube in contact with an carbon nanosphere, the process comprising:
(i) providing a mixture comprising carbon nanospheres and carbon nanotubes in a solvent; (ii) refluxing the mixture; (iii) removing the solvent to obtain a carbon nanotube in contact with an carbon nanosphere. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanosphere and the carbon nanotubes are mixed in a dry weight ratio of about 1:1 and stirred in the solvent. 3. The process of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the solvent is an aprotic solvent. 4. The process of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the solvent is methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol. 5. The process of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the solvent is methanol. 6. The process of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the mixture is refluxed for a period of about 0 day-415 days. 7. The process of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the mixture is refluxed at a reflux temperature that is at 100° C. 8. The process of any one of claims 1-7, drying a residue produced by removing the solvent for a period of about 1 day-5 days. 9. The process of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the carbon nanotubes are multiwalled carbon nanotubes. 10. The process of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the multiwalled carbon nanotubes are 5 to 9 μm in length. 11. The process of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the multiwalled carbon nanotube diameter ranges from 110-170 nm. 12. The process of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the carbon nanosphere is a resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel carbon nanosphere. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel carbon nanosphere is prepared by a process comprising carbonizing and activating resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. 14. The process of claim 13, wherein the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel is prepared by a process comprising:
(iv) providing a mixture comprising resorcinol, a catalyst, formaldehyde, and water; (v) adjusting the pH to about 7; (vi) heating the mixture in sealed vials to about 70° C.; (vii) adding acetic acid to the mixture; and (viii) heating the sealed vials for about 7 days. 15. The process of claim 14, wherein the vials are propylene vials. 16. The process of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the acetic acid is 2% acetic acid. 17. The process of any one of claims 14-16, wherein the catalyst is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or cesium carbonate. 18. The process of any one of claims 14-17, wherein the catalyst is sodium carbonate. 19. The process of any one of claims 14-18, wherein adjusting the pH to about 7 comprises adding an acid and/or a base. 20. The process of any one of claims 14-19, wherein adjusting the pH to about 7 comprises adding nitric acid and/or ammonium hydroxide. 21. The process of any one of claims 14-20, further comprising the steps of
(ix) decanting any excess solution in the vial which is on top of the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel; and (x) solvent exchanging with an organic solvent at room temperature for about 24 hours to produce a cured gel. 22. The process of claim 21, further comprising solvent exchanging with an organic solvent at room temperature twice over 3 days. 23. The process of claim 21 or 22, wherein the organic solvent is an aprotic water miscible solvent. 24. The process of any one of claims 21-23, wherein the organic solvent is acetone or tetrahydrofuran. 25. The process of claim 24, wherein the organic solvent is acetone. 26. The process of any one of claims 22-25, further comprising the step of flowing liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide through the cured gel. 27. The process of claim 26, wherein flowing liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide through the cured gel occurs in an extractor at a pressure of about 5 MPa and a temperature of about 20° C. 28. The process of claim 27, comprising depressurizing the extractor to about 1.2 MPa. 29. The process of claim 28, wherein, after depressurizing, flowing carbon dioxide through the gel at 20° C. for a time ranging from about 1 to 3 hours. 30. The process of any one of claims 14-29, comprising carbonizing and activating of the dried resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel, wherein carbonizing and activating comprises the steps of:
(xi) heating the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel for a period of at least 1 hour; and (xii) cooling the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel to room temperature under carbon dioxide gas. 31. The process of claim 30, comprising heating the resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel at a rate of 10° C./min up to a temperature of 700° C. in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide flowing at a rate of about 150 cm3/min. 32. The process of any one of claims 1-31, wherein the carbon nanotubes are characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern comprising peaks at one or more, or all of 26°, 42° and 53.8° 2θ. 33. The process of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the carbon nanotubes are characterized by Raman spectra shifts of 1314 cm−1, 1576 cm−1, and 2625 cm−1. 34. The process of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the carbon nanotubes are characterized by Raman spectra shifts of 1314 cm−1 of intensity ID, 1576 cm−1 (G band) of intensity IG, and 2625 cm−1 (G′ band), and wherein the carbon nanotubes in contact with an aerogel carbon nanosphere are characterized by an ID/IG ratio of 1 for the sample decorated after day 415. 35. A carbon nanotube in contact with aerogel carbon nanospheres prepared by the process of any one of claims 1-34. 36. A composition comprising carbon nanotubes in contact with carbon nanospheres. 37. The composition of claim 36, wherein the carbon nanotubes in contact with carbon nanospheres are prepared by the process of any one of claims 1-34. 38. The composition of claim 37, wherein the aerogel carbon nanospheres are resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel carbon nanospheres prepared by the process of any one of claims 14-34. 39. The composition of claim 38, wherein the carbon nanotubes are characterized by Raman spectra shifts of 1314 cm−1 (D band) of intensity ID, 1576 cm−1 (G band) of intensity IG, and 2625 cm−1 (G′ band), and wherein the carbon nanotubes in contact with an aerogel carbon nanosphere are characterized by an ID/IG ratio of 1 for the sample decorated after day 415. 40. A catalyst comprising the composition of claim 37. 41. A drug delivery agent comprising the composition of claim 37. 42. A transparent conducting film comprising the composition of claim 37. 43. A method for water purification, the method comprising contacting water with a composition of claim 37. | 1,700 |
345,820 | 16,804,241 | 2,483 | An image processing system includes circuitry to: obtain a wide-angle image captured by an image capturing apparatus; generate a first image representing a part of the wide-angle image; and determine whether a first area includes a second area, the first area being a viewable area to be displayed on a display, the second area being represented by the first image. Based on a determination that the first area does not include the second area, the circuitry further converts the first image into a second image, the second image having definition lower than that of the first image, and converts the wide-angle image into a third image, the third image having definition lower than that of the wide-angle image, such that the second image and the third image are displayable on the display of the information processing apparatus. | 1. An image capturing apparatus communicably connected to an information processing apparatus, the image capturing apparatus comprising:
an imaging device configured to capture a wide-angle image; and circuitry configured to:
generate a first image representing a part of the wide-angle image; and
determine whether a first area includes a second area being represented by the first image, the first area being a viewable area to be displayed on a display of the information processing apparatus,
wherein, based on a determination that the first area does not include the second area, the circuitry is further configured to
convert the first image into a second image, the second image having definition lower than that of the first image,
convert the wide-angle image into a third image, the third image having definition lower than that of the wide-angle image, and
transmit the second image and the third image to the information processing apparatus, such that the second image and the third image are displayable on the display of the information processing apparatus. 2. The image capturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on a determination that the first area includes the second area, the circuitry transmits the first image having definition higher than that of the second image to the information processing apparatus, such that the first image is displayed on the display of the information processing apparatus. 3. The image capturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the circuitry keeps transmitting the second image, and
based on a determination that the second image to be transmitted has not changed from the second image that is previously transmitted, the circuitry stops transmission of the second image. 4. The image capturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein, based on the determination that the first area includes the second area, the circuitry is configured to generate the second image having definition lower than that of the first image, when a zoom ratio at the information processing apparatus is low. 5. The image capturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first image includes a plurality of first images, and the second area includes a plurality of second areas corresponding to the plurality of first images. 6. An image processing system comprising:
the image capturing apparatus of claim 1; and an information processing apparatus comprising another circuitry configured to:
receive the second image and the third image from the image capturing apparatus; and
display at least the third image on the display. 7. The image processing system of claim 6,
wherein, based on a determination that the first area includes the second area, the circuitry of the image capturing apparatus transmits the first image having definition higher than that of the second image to the information processing apparatus, and the another circuitry of the information processing apparatus displays the first image on the display. 8. The image processing system of claim 7, wherein the first image includes a plurality of first images, and the second area includes a plurality of second areas corresponding to the plurality of first images, and
the another circuitry of the information processing apparatus is configured to accept an operation of selecting at least one of the plurality of second areas to be displayed, the first image being displayed on the selected second area. 9. An image processing method comprising:
obtaining a wide-angle image, using an image capturing apparatus; generating a first image representing a part of the wide-angle image; and determining whether a first area includes a second area being represented by the first image, the first area being a viewable area to be displayed on a display of an information processing apparatus, wherein, based on a determination that the first area does not include the second area, the method further comprising:
converting the first image into a second image, the second image having definition lower than that of the first image;
converting the wide-angle image into a third image, the third image having definition lower than that of the wide-angle image; and
transmitting the second image and the third image to the information processing apparatus, such that the second image and the third image are displayable on the display of the information processing apparatus. 10. A non-transitory recording medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform an image processing method comprising:
obtaining a wide-angle image, using an image capturing apparatus; generating a first image representing a part of the wide-angle image; and determining whether a first area includes a second area being represented by the first image, the first area being a viewable area to be displayed on a display of an information processing apparatus, wherein, based on a determination that the first area does not include the second area, the method further comprising:
converting the first image into a second image, the second image having definition lower than that of the first image;
converting the wide-angle image into a third image, the third image having definition lower than that of the wide-angle image; and
transmitting the second image and the third image to the information processing apparatus, such that the second image and the third image are displayable on the display of the information processing apparatus. | An image processing system includes circuitry to: obtain a wide-angle image captured by an image capturing apparatus; generate a first image representing a part of the wide-angle image; and determine whether a first area includes a second area, the first area being a viewable area to be displayed on a display, the second area being represented by the first image. Based on a determination that the first area does not include the second area, the circuitry further converts the first image into a second image, the second image having definition lower than that of the first image, and converts the wide-angle image into a third image, the third image having definition lower than that of the wide-angle image, such that the second image and the third image are displayable on the display of the information processing apparatus.1. An image capturing apparatus communicably connected to an information processing apparatus, the image capturing apparatus comprising:
an imaging device configured to capture a wide-angle image; and circuitry configured to:
generate a first image representing a part of the wide-angle image; and
determine whether a first area includes a second area being represented by the first image, the first area being a viewable area to be displayed on a display of the information processing apparatus,
wherein, based on a determination that the first area does not include the second area, the circuitry is further configured to
convert the first image into a second image, the second image having definition lower than that of the first image,
convert the wide-angle image into a third image, the third image having definition lower than that of the wide-angle image, and
transmit the second image and the third image to the information processing apparatus, such that the second image and the third image are displayable on the display of the information processing apparatus. 2. The image capturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on a determination that the first area includes the second area, the circuitry transmits the first image having definition higher than that of the second image to the information processing apparatus, such that the first image is displayed on the display of the information processing apparatus. 3. The image capturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the circuitry keeps transmitting the second image, and
based on a determination that the second image to be transmitted has not changed from the second image that is previously transmitted, the circuitry stops transmission of the second image. 4. The image capturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein, based on the determination that the first area includes the second area, the circuitry is configured to generate the second image having definition lower than that of the first image, when a zoom ratio at the information processing apparatus is low. 5. The image capturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first image includes a plurality of first images, and the second area includes a plurality of second areas corresponding to the plurality of first images. 6. An image processing system comprising:
the image capturing apparatus of claim 1; and an information processing apparatus comprising another circuitry configured to:
receive the second image and the third image from the image capturing apparatus; and
display at least the third image on the display. 7. The image processing system of claim 6,
wherein, based on a determination that the first area includes the second area, the circuitry of the image capturing apparatus transmits the first image having definition higher than that of the second image to the information processing apparatus, and the another circuitry of the information processing apparatus displays the first image on the display. 8. The image processing system of claim 7, wherein the first image includes a plurality of first images, and the second area includes a plurality of second areas corresponding to the plurality of first images, and
the another circuitry of the information processing apparatus is configured to accept an operation of selecting at least one of the plurality of second areas to be displayed, the first image being displayed on the selected second area. 9. An image processing method comprising:
obtaining a wide-angle image, using an image capturing apparatus; generating a first image representing a part of the wide-angle image; and determining whether a first area includes a second area being represented by the first image, the first area being a viewable area to be displayed on a display of an information processing apparatus, wherein, based on a determination that the first area does not include the second area, the method further comprising:
converting the first image into a second image, the second image having definition lower than that of the first image;
converting the wide-angle image into a third image, the third image having definition lower than that of the wide-angle image; and
transmitting the second image and the third image to the information processing apparatus, such that the second image and the third image are displayable on the display of the information processing apparatus. 10. A non-transitory recording medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform an image processing method comprising:
obtaining a wide-angle image, using an image capturing apparatus; generating a first image representing a part of the wide-angle image; and determining whether a first area includes a second area being represented by the first image, the first area being a viewable area to be displayed on a display of an information processing apparatus, wherein, based on a determination that the first area does not include the second area, the method further comprising:
converting the first image into a second image, the second image having definition lower than that of the first image;
converting the wide-angle image into a third image, the third image having definition lower than that of the wide-angle image; and
transmitting the second image and the third image to the information processing apparatus, such that the second image and the third image are displayable on the display of the information processing apparatus. | 2,400 |
345,821 | 16,804,236 | 2,483 | In described examples, a quadrature phase shifter includes digitally programmable phase shifter networks for generating leading and lagging output signals in quadrature. The phase shifter networks include passive components for reactively inducing phase shifts, which need not consume active power. Output currents from the transistors coupled to the phase shifter networks are substantially in quadrature and can be made further accurate by adjusted by a weight function implemented using current steering elements. Example low-loss quadrature phase shifters described herein can be functionally integrated to provide low-power, low-noise up/down mixers, vector modulators and transceiver front-ends for millimeter wavelength (mmwave) communication systems. | 1. A circuit comprising:
an input transistor configured to receive an input signal at a first frequency; a first phase generator that includes:
a first phasing transistor coupled to the input transistor;
a first modulator configured to receive a modulation signal at a second frequency that is different than the first frequency;
a first differential output coupled to the first modulator; and
a first bias circuit coupled to the first differential output and to the first modulator;
a second phase generator that includes:
a second phasing transistor coupled to the input transistor;
a second modulator configured to receive the modulation signal;
a second differential output coupled to the second modulator; and
a second bias circuit coupled to the second differential output and to the second modulator; and
an autotransformer that includes:
a first inductor portion coupled to the first modulator and the first phasing transistor; and
a second inductor portion coupled to the second modulator and the second phasing transistor. 2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first modulator includes a first plurality of instances coupled in parallel that each include:
a first transistor coupled to the first inductor portion of the autotransformer and coupled to receive a first polarity of the modulation signal; a first switch coupled between the first transistor and a first polarity of the first differential output; a second transistor coupled to the second inductor portion of the autotransformer and coupled to receive a second polarity of the modulation signal; and a second switch coupled between the second transistor and a second polarity of the first differential output. 3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the second modulator includes a second plurality of instances coupled in parallel that each include:
a third transistor coupled to the first inductor portion of the autotransformer and coupled to receive the second polarity of the modulation signal; a third switch coupled between the third transistor and a first polarity of the second differential output; a fourth transistor coupled to the second inductor portion of the autotransformer and coupled to receive the first polarity of the modulation signal; and a fourth switch coupled between the fourth transistor and a second polarity of the second differential output. 4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the circuit is configured to enable a subset of the first and second transistors of the first plurality of instances and a subset of the third and fourth transistors of the second plurality of instances to correct a phase error. 5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein:
the first phasing transistor is coupled to a first biasing network; the second phasing transistor is coupled to a second biasing network; and the phase error is based on at least one of the first biasing network and the second biasing network. 6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first differential output is an in-phase differential output and the second differential output is a quadrature differential output. 7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the autotransformer includes a center tap between the first inductor portion and the second inductor portion; and the center tap is coupled to a first voltage source. 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the first phasing transistor and the second phasing transistor are each coupled to a second voltage source that is different from the first voltage source. 9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein:
the first phasing transistor is coupled to the second voltage source by a first biasing network configured such that the first phasing transistor provides an in-phase current through the input transistor; and the second phasing transistor is coupled to the second voltage source by a second biasing network configured such that the second phasing transistor provides a quadrature current through the input transistor. 10. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first frequency is a radio-frequency frequency and the second frequency is a baseband frequency. 11. A circuit comprising:
an input transistor that includes a base configured to receive an input signal; an in-phase phase generator that includes:
a first biasing network;
an in-phase phasing transistor coupled to the input transistor that includes a base coupled to the first biasing network;
an in-phase modulator configured to receive a modulation signal;
an in-phase differential output coupled to the in-phase modulator; and
a first bias circuit coupled to the in-phase differential output;
a quadrature phase generator that includes:
a second biasing network;
a quadrature phasing transistor coupled to the input transistor that includes a base coupled to the second biasing network;
a quadrature modulator configured to receive the modulation signal;
a quadrature differential output coupled to the quadrature modulator; and
a second bias circuit coupled to the quadrature differential output; and
an autotransformer that includes:
a first inductor portion coupled to the in-phase modulator and the in-phase phasing transistor; and
a second inductor portion coupled to the quadrature modulator and the quadrature phasing transistor. 12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the in-phase modulator includes a first plurality of instances coupled in parallel that each include:
a first transistor coupled to the first inductor portion of the autotransformer and that includes a gate coupled to receive a first polarity of the modulation signal; a first switch coupled between the first transistor and a first polarity of the in-phase differential output; a second transistor coupled to the second inductor portion of the autotransformer and that includes a gate coupled to receive a second polarity of the modulation signal; and a second switch coupled between the second transistor and a second polarity of the in-phase differential output. 13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the quadrature modulator includes a second plurality of instances coupled in parallel that each include:
a third transistor coupled to the first inductor portion of the autotransformer and that includes a gate coupled to receive the second polarity of the modulation signal; a third switch coupled between the third transistor and a first polarity of the quadrature differential output; a fourth transistor coupled to the second inductor portion of the autotransformer and that includes a gate coupled to receive the first polarity of the modulation signal; and a fourth switch coupled between the fourth transistor and a second polarity of the quadrature differential output. 14. The circuit of claim 13, wherein the circuit is configured to enable a subset of the first transistors, a subset of the second transistors, a subset of the third transistors, and a subset of the fourth transistors to correct a phase error. 15. The circuit of claim 14, wherein the phase error is due to at least one of the first biasing network and the second biasing network. 16. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the first biasing network includes:
a first transistor that includes a base, a collector coupled to a first polarity of the in-phase differential output, and an emitter coupled to ground; a second transistor that includes a base coupled to the base of the first transistor, a collector coupled to a second polarity of the in-phase differential output, and an emitter coupled to ground; a first resistor coupled between the first polarity of the in-phase differential output and the base of the first transistor; and a second resistor coupled between the second polarity of the in-phase differential output and the base of the second transistor. 17. The circuit of claim 11, wherein:
the autotransformer includes a center tap between the first inductor portion and the second inductor portion; and the center tap is coupled to a first voltage source. 18. The circuit of claim 17, wherein:
the first biasing network is coupled between the base of the in-phase phasing transistor and a second voltage source that is different from the first voltage source; and the second biasing network is coupled between the base of the quadrature phasing transistor and the second voltage source. 19. The circuit of claim 11, wherein:
the first biasing network is configured such that the in-phase phasing transistor is configured to provide an in-phase current through the input transistor; and the second biasing network is configured such that the quadrature phasing transistor is configured to provide a quadrature current through the input transistor. 20. The circuit of claim 11, wherein:
the input signal is a radio-frequency input signal; the in-phase differential output is configured to provide an in-phase baseband signal; and the quadrature differential output is configured to provide a quadrature baseband signal. | In described examples, a quadrature phase shifter includes digitally programmable phase shifter networks for generating leading and lagging output signals in quadrature. The phase shifter networks include passive components for reactively inducing phase shifts, which need not consume active power. Output currents from the transistors coupled to the phase shifter networks are substantially in quadrature and can be made further accurate by adjusted by a weight function implemented using current steering elements. Example low-loss quadrature phase shifters described herein can be functionally integrated to provide low-power, low-noise up/down mixers, vector modulators and transceiver front-ends for millimeter wavelength (mmwave) communication systems.1. A circuit comprising:
an input transistor configured to receive an input signal at a first frequency; a first phase generator that includes:
a first phasing transistor coupled to the input transistor;
a first modulator configured to receive a modulation signal at a second frequency that is different than the first frequency;
a first differential output coupled to the first modulator; and
a first bias circuit coupled to the first differential output and to the first modulator;
a second phase generator that includes:
a second phasing transistor coupled to the input transistor;
a second modulator configured to receive the modulation signal;
a second differential output coupled to the second modulator; and
a second bias circuit coupled to the second differential output and to the second modulator; and
an autotransformer that includes:
a first inductor portion coupled to the first modulator and the first phasing transistor; and
a second inductor portion coupled to the second modulator and the second phasing transistor. 2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first modulator includes a first plurality of instances coupled in parallel that each include:
a first transistor coupled to the first inductor portion of the autotransformer and coupled to receive a first polarity of the modulation signal; a first switch coupled between the first transistor and a first polarity of the first differential output; a second transistor coupled to the second inductor portion of the autotransformer and coupled to receive a second polarity of the modulation signal; and a second switch coupled between the second transistor and a second polarity of the first differential output. 3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the second modulator includes a second plurality of instances coupled in parallel that each include:
a third transistor coupled to the first inductor portion of the autotransformer and coupled to receive the second polarity of the modulation signal; a third switch coupled between the third transistor and a first polarity of the second differential output; a fourth transistor coupled to the second inductor portion of the autotransformer and coupled to receive the first polarity of the modulation signal; and a fourth switch coupled between the fourth transistor and a second polarity of the second differential output. 4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the circuit is configured to enable a subset of the first and second transistors of the first plurality of instances and a subset of the third and fourth transistors of the second plurality of instances to correct a phase error. 5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein:
the first phasing transistor is coupled to a first biasing network; the second phasing transistor is coupled to a second biasing network; and the phase error is based on at least one of the first biasing network and the second biasing network. 6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first differential output is an in-phase differential output and the second differential output is a quadrature differential output. 7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the autotransformer includes a center tap between the first inductor portion and the second inductor portion; and the center tap is coupled to a first voltage source. 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the first phasing transistor and the second phasing transistor are each coupled to a second voltage source that is different from the first voltage source. 9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein:
the first phasing transistor is coupled to the second voltage source by a first biasing network configured such that the first phasing transistor provides an in-phase current through the input transistor; and the second phasing transistor is coupled to the second voltage source by a second biasing network configured such that the second phasing transistor provides a quadrature current through the input transistor. 10. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first frequency is a radio-frequency frequency and the second frequency is a baseband frequency. 11. A circuit comprising:
an input transistor that includes a base configured to receive an input signal; an in-phase phase generator that includes:
a first biasing network;
an in-phase phasing transistor coupled to the input transistor that includes a base coupled to the first biasing network;
an in-phase modulator configured to receive a modulation signal;
an in-phase differential output coupled to the in-phase modulator; and
a first bias circuit coupled to the in-phase differential output;
a quadrature phase generator that includes:
a second biasing network;
a quadrature phasing transistor coupled to the input transistor that includes a base coupled to the second biasing network;
a quadrature modulator configured to receive the modulation signal;
a quadrature differential output coupled to the quadrature modulator; and
a second bias circuit coupled to the quadrature differential output; and
an autotransformer that includes:
a first inductor portion coupled to the in-phase modulator and the in-phase phasing transistor; and
a second inductor portion coupled to the quadrature modulator and the quadrature phasing transistor. 12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the in-phase modulator includes a first plurality of instances coupled in parallel that each include:
a first transistor coupled to the first inductor portion of the autotransformer and that includes a gate coupled to receive a first polarity of the modulation signal; a first switch coupled between the first transistor and a first polarity of the in-phase differential output; a second transistor coupled to the second inductor portion of the autotransformer and that includes a gate coupled to receive a second polarity of the modulation signal; and a second switch coupled between the second transistor and a second polarity of the in-phase differential output. 13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the quadrature modulator includes a second plurality of instances coupled in parallel that each include:
a third transistor coupled to the first inductor portion of the autotransformer and that includes a gate coupled to receive the second polarity of the modulation signal; a third switch coupled between the third transistor and a first polarity of the quadrature differential output; a fourth transistor coupled to the second inductor portion of the autotransformer and that includes a gate coupled to receive the first polarity of the modulation signal; and a fourth switch coupled between the fourth transistor and a second polarity of the quadrature differential output. 14. The circuit of claim 13, wherein the circuit is configured to enable a subset of the first transistors, a subset of the second transistors, a subset of the third transistors, and a subset of the fourth transistors to correct a phase error. 15. The circuit of claim 14, wherein the phase error is due to at least one of the first biasing network and the second biasing network. 16. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the first biasing network includes:
a first transistor that includes a base, a collector coupled to a first polarity of the in-phase differential output, and an emitter coupled to ground; a second transistor that includes a base coupled to the base of the first transistor, a collector coupled to a second polarity of the in-phase differential output, and an emitter coupled to ground; a first resistor coupled between the first polarity of the in-phase differential output and the base of the first transistor; and a second resistor coupled between the second polarity of the in-phase differential output and the base of the second transistor. 17. The circuit of claim 11, wherein:
the autotransformer includes a center tap between the first inductor portion and the second inductor portion; and the center tap is coupled to a first voltage source. 18. The circuit of claim 17, wherein:
the first biasing network is coupled between the base of the in-phase phasing transistor and a second voltage source that is different from the first voltage source; and the second biasing network is coupled between the base of the quadrature phasing transistor and the second voltage source. 19. The circuit of claim 11, wherein:
the first biasing network is configured such that the in-phase phasing transistor is configured to provide an in-phase current through the input transistor; and the second biasing network is configured such that the quadrature phasing transistor is configured to provide a quadrature current through the input transistor. 20. The circuit of claim 11, wherein:
the input signal is a radio-frequency input signal; the in-phase differential output is configured to provide an in-phase baseband signal; and the quadrature differential output is configured to provide a quadrature baseband signal. | 2,400 |
345,822 | 16,804,222 | 2,483 | A method of producing a shaped object includes preparing a formation sheet that includes a base and a thermally expansive layer that is laminated on a first main surface of the base, the thermally expansive layer containing a binder and a thermal expansion material; laminating, onto a second main surface on a side opposite to the first main surface of the base or onto the thermally expansive layer, a thermal conversion layer in predetermined pattern, the thermal conversion layer converting first electromagnetic waves into heat; and causing the thermally expansive layer to expand in a pattern that corresponds to the predetermined pattern by irradiating the formation sheet on which the thermal conversion layer is laminated with the first electromagnetic waves and second electromagnetic waves that cause the binder to become cross-linked. | 1. A method of producing a shaped object, the method comprising:
preparing a formation sheet that includes a base and a thermally expansive layer that is laminated on a first main surface of the base, the thermally expansive layer containing a binder and a thermal expansion material; laminating, onto a second main surface on a side opposite to the first main surface of the base or onto the thermally expansive layer, a thermal conversion layer in predetermined pattern, the thermal conversion layer converting first electromagnetic waves into heat; and causing the thermally expansive layer to expand in a pattern that corresponds to the predetermined pattern by irradiating the formation sheet on which the thermal conversion layer is laminated with the first electromagnetic waves and second electromagnetic waves that cause the binder to become cross-linked. 2. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 1, wherein the thermally expansive layer contains a polymerization initiator that causes the binder to become cross-linked by emission of the second electromagnetic waves. 3. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 2, wherein the polymerization initiator in an amount from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight with respect to the binder is added. 4. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 3, wherein the binder is a thermoplastic resin. 5. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 1, wherein the formation sheet is irradiated with the first electromagnetic waves and the second electromagnetic waves from a side where the thermal conversion layer is laminated on the formation sheet. 6. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 1, wherein the first electromagnetic waves are infrared light and the second electromagnetic waves are ultraviolet light. 7. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 1, wherein a color ink layer is laminated onto the thermally expansive layer. 8. An expansion device for causing expansion of a formation sheet including (i) a base having a first main surface and a second main surface that is on a side opposite to the first main surface and (ii) a thermally expansive layer laminated on the first main surface and containing a binder and a thermal expansion material, the formation sheet having a thermal conversion layer for converting first electromagnetic waves into heat laminated on the second surface or laminated on the thermally expansive layer, the expansion device comprising:
an emitter that irradiates the formation sheet with the first electromagnetic waves and second electromagnetic waves that cause the binder to become cross-linked. 9. The expansion device according to claim 8, wherein the emitter irradiates the formation sheet with the first electromagnetic waves and the second electromagnetic waves from the side where the thermal conversion layer is laminated on the formation sheet. 10. The expansion device according to claim 8, wherein the first electromagnetic waves are infrared light and the second electromagnetic waves are ultraviolet light. 11. The expansion device according to claim 8, wherein
the emitter includes a lamp, a covering that covers the lamp, a reflection plate that reflects light from the lamp, and a fan positioned above the reflection plate, and the lamp is a xenon lamp. 12. The expansion device according to claim 8, wherein
the emitter includes a plurality of lamps, a covering that covers the plurality of lamps, a reflection plate that reflects light of the plurality of lamps, and a fan positioned above the reflection plate, and the plurality of lamps are an infrared lamp and an ultraviolet lamp. 13. The expansion device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a controller that controls the infrared lamp and the ultraviolet lamp, wherein the controller causes the infrared lamp and the ultraviolet lamp to start emission in order of the ultraviolet lamp and the infrared lamp and causes stoppage of emission in order of the ultraviolet lamp and the infrared lamp. | A method of producing a shaped object includes preparing a formation sheet that includes a base and a thermally expansive layer that is laminated on a first main surface of the base, the thermally expansive layer containing a binder and a thermal expansion material; laminating, onto a second main surface on a side opposite to the first main surface of the base or onto the thermally expansive layer, a thermal conversion layer in predetermined pattern, the thermal conversion layer converting first electromagnetic waves into heat; and causing the thermally expansive layer to expand in a pattern that corresponds to the predetermined pattern by irradiating the formation sheet on which the thermal conversion layer is laminated with the first electromagnetic waves and second electromagnetic waves that cause the binder to become cross-linked.1. A method of producing a shaped object, the method comprising:
preparing a formation sheet that includes a base and a thermally expansive layer that is laminated on a first main surface of the base, the thermally expansive layer containing a binder and a thermal expansion material; laminating, onto a second main surface on a side opposite to the first main surface of the base or onto the thermally expansive layer, a thermal conversion layer in predetermined pattern, the thermal conversion layer converting first electromagnetic waves into heat; and causing the thermally expansive layer to expand in a pattern that corresponds to the predetermined pattern by irradiating the formation sheet on which the thermal conversion layer is laminated with the first electromagnetic waves and second electromagnetic waves that cause the binder to become cross-linked. 2. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 1, wherein the thermally expansive layer contains a polymerization initiator that causes the binder to become cross-linked by emission of the second electromagnetic waves. 3. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 2, wherein the polymerization initiator in an amount from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight with respect to the binder is added. 4. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 3, wherein the binder is a thermoplastic resin. 5. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 1, wherein the formation sheet is irradiated with the first electromagnetic waves and the second electromagnetic waves from a side where the thermal conversion layer is laminated on the formation sheet. 6. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 1, wherein the first electromagnetic waves are infrared light and the second electromagnetic waves are ultraviolet light. 7. The method of producing the shaped object according to claim 1, wherein a color ink layer is laminated onto the thermally expansive layer. 8. An expansion device for causing expansion of a formation sheet including (i) a base having a first main surface and a second main surface that is on a side opposite to the first main surface and (ii) a thermally expansive layer laminated on the first main surface and containing a binder and a thermal expansion material, the formation sheet having a thermal conversion layer for converting first electromagnetic waves into heat laminated on the second surface or laminated on the thermally expansive layer, the expansion device comprising:
an emitter that irradiates the formation sheet with the first electromagnetic waves and second electromagnetic waves that cause the binder to become cross-linked. 9. The expansion device according to claim 8, wherein the emitter irradiates the formation sheet with the first electromagnetic waves and the second electromagnetic waves from the side where the thermal conversion layer is laminated on the formation sheet. 10. The expansion device according to claim 8, wherein the first electromagnetic waves are infrared light and the second electromagnetic waves are ultraviolet light. 11. The expansion device according to claim 8, wherein
the emitter includes a lamp, a covering that covers the lamp, a reflection plate that reflects light from the lamp, and a fan positioned above the reflection plate, and the lamp is a xenon lamp. 12. The expansion device according to claim 8, wherein
the emitter includes a plurality of lamps, a covering that covers the plurality of lamps, a reflection plate that reflects light of the plurality of lamps, and a fan positioned above the reflection plate, and the plurality of lamps are an infrared lamp and an ultraviolet lamp. 13. The expansion device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a controller that controls the infrared lamp and the ultraviolet lamp, wherein the controller causes the infrared lamp and the ultraviolet lamp to start emission in order of the ultraviolet lamp and the infrared lamp and causes stoppage of emission in order of the ultraviolet lamp and the infrared lamp. | 2,400 |
345,823 | 16,804,247 | 3,653 | A paper feed apparatus. The paper feed apparatus can include a stack of paper, the stack of paper having an uppermost sheet of paper and a second sheet of paper being disposed below the uppermost sheet of paper. A driven pick roller is suitably arranged in contact with the uppermost sheet of paper and is suitably rotatable in a first roller direction to convey the uppermost sheet of paper in a first paper direction. A nip defined by a driven feed roller and a separation roller is suitably disposed downstream from the pick roller, the nip having a gap sufficient for the uppermost sheet of paper to pass through, the gap being sufficient for the separation roller to be in frictional engagement with the second sheet of paper to prevent it from passing through the nip. A rotating element having a plurality of radially extending brush elements is suitably disposed between the driven pick roller and the driven feed roller and rotatable in a second direction opposite the first roller direction to urge the second sheet of paper under the influence of the plurality of radially extending brush elements in a second paper direction opposite the first paper direction. | 1. A paper feed apparatus for a stack of paper, the stack of paper having an uppermost sheet of paper and a second sheet of paper being disposed below the uppermost sheet of paper, the paper feed apparatus comprising:
a driven pick roller arranged in contact with the uppermost sheet of paper, and rotatable in a first roller direction to convey the uppermost sheet of paper in a first paper direction; a nip defined by a driven feed roller and a separation roller, the nip being downstream from the driven pick roller, the nip defining a gap sufficient for the uppermost sheet of paper to pass through, the gap being sufficient for the separation roller to be in frictional engagement with the second sheet of paper to prevent it from passing through the nip; and a rotating element comprising a plurality of radially extending brush elements disposed between the driven pick roller and the driven feed roller and rotatable in a second direction opposite the first roller direction to urge the second sheet of paper under an influence of the plurality of radially extending brush elements in a second paper direction opposite the first paper direction. 2. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a paper tray, and the stack of paper is disposed in the paper tray. 3. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the paper tray comprises a lift plate disposed between a bottom surface and the stack of paper. 4. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the stack of paper comprises a plurality of sheets of paper, each of the plurality of sheets of paper being stacked substantially completely aligned on one another. 5. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the driven pick roller rotates about a first central axis and the rotating element rotates about a fourth central axis that is generally parallel to the first central axis. 6. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the driven pick roller, the driven feed roller and the separation roller comprises a core and an annular pliable member mounted an a peripheral surface of the core. 7. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the annular pliable member comprises a silicone rubber. 8. A paper feed apparatus for a stack of paper, the stack of paper having an uppermost sheet of paper and a second sheet of paper being disposed below the uppermost sheet of paper, the paper feed apparatus comprising:
a driven pick roller arranged in contact with the uppermost sheet of paper, and rotatable in a first roller direction to convey the uppermost sheet of paper in a first paper direction; a nip defined by a driven feed roller and a separation roller, the nip being downstream from the driven pick roller, the nip defining a gap sufficient for the uppermost sheet of paper to pass through, the gap being sufficient for the separation roller to be in frictional engagement with the second sheet of paper to prevent it from passing through the nip; and a switch element comprising a pivoting switch extension that is spring-biased by a pivot spring, the switch element being disposed between the driven pick roller and the driven feed roller and the pivoting switch extension pivotable under a force of the pivot spring in a second direction opposite the first paper direction to urge the second sheet of paper under an influence of the pivoting switch extension in a second paper direction opposite the first paper direction. 9. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a paper tray, and the stack of paper is disposed in the paper tray. 10. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the paper tray comprises a lift plate disposed between a bottom surface of the paper tray and the stack of paper. 11. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the stack of paper comprises a plurality of sheets of paper, each of the plurality of sheets of paper being stacked substantially completely aligned to one another. 12. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the driven pick roller rotates about a first central axis and the switch element pivots about a fourth central axis that is generally parallel to the first central axis. 13. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the driven pick roller, the driven feed roller and the separation roller comprises a core and an annular pliable member mounted an a peripheral surface of the core. 14. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the annular pliable member comprises a silicone rubber. 15. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a stack of paper, the stack of paper having an uppermost sheet of paper and a second sheet of paper being disposed below the uppermost sheet of paper; providing a driven pick roller arranged in spaced relationship with a leading edge of the uppermost sheet of paper, the driven pick roller rotating in a first roller direction to drive the uppermost sheet of paper in a first paper direction; providing a nip defined by a driven feed roller and a separation roller, the nip being downstream in a spaced relationship from the driven pick roller, the nip having a gap sufficient for the uppermost sheet of paper to pass through, the gap being sufficient for the separation roller to be in frictional engagement with the second sheet of paper to prevent it from passing through the nip; providing a rotating element comprising a plurality of radially extending brush elements disposed between the driven pick roller and the driven feed roller and rotatable in a second roller direction opposite the first roller direction to urge the second sheet of paper under an influence of the plurality of radially extending brush elements in a second paper direction opposite the first paper direction; urging the stack of paper into contacting relationship with the driven pick roller; driving the uppermost sheet of paper off the stack of paper in a the first paper direction into the nip by frictional contact between the uppermost sheet of paper and the driven pick roller; driving the second sheet of paper off the stack of paper in a the first paper direction by frictional contact between the uppermost sheet of paper and the second sheet of paper; passing the uppermost sheet of paper through the nip; and driving the second sheet of paper back onto the stack of paper in the second paper direction by frictional contact with the plurality of radially extending brush elements of the rotating element rotating in the second roller direction. 16. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 15, wherein the driven pick roller rotates about a first central axis and the rotating element rotates about a fourth central axis that is generally parallel to the first central axis. 17. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the driven pick roller, the driven feed roller and the separation roller comprises a core and an annular pliable member mounted an a peripheral surface of the core. 18. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 17, wherein the annular pliable member comprises a silicone rubber. 19. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 15, further providing a paper tray containing the stack of paper, and wherein the paper tray comprises a lift plate disposed between a bottom surface of the paper tray and the stack of paper. 20. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 15, wherein the stack of paper comprises a plurality of sheets of paper, each of the plurality of sheets of paper being stacked substantially completely aligned to one another. | A paper feed apparatus. The paper feed apparatus can include a stack of paper, the stack of paper having an uppermost sheet of paper and a second sheet of paper being disposed below the uppermost sheet of paper. A driven pick roller is suitably arranged in contact with the uppermost sheet of paper and is suitably rotatable in a first roller direction to convey the uppermost sheet of paper in a first paper direction. A nip defined by a driven feed roller and a separation roller is suitably disposed downstream from the pick roller, the nip having a gap sufficient for the uppermost sheet of paper to pass through, the gap being sufficient for the separation roller to be in frictional engagement with the second sheet of paper to prevent it from passing through the nip. A rotating element having a plurality of radially extending brush elements is suitably disposed between the driven pick roller and the driven feed roller and rotatable in a second direction opposite the first roller direction to urge the second sheet of paper under the influence of the plurality of radially extending brush elements in a second paper direction opposite the first paper direction.1. A paper feed apparatus for a stack of paper, the stack of paper having an uppermost sheet of paper and a second sheet of paper being disposed below the uppermost sheet of paper, the paper feed apparatus comprising:
a driven pick roller arranged in contact with the uppermost sheet of paper, and rotatable in a first roller direction to convey the uppermost sheet of paper in a first paper direction; a nip defined by a driven feed roller and a separation roller, the nip being downstream from the driven pick roller, the nip defining a gap sufficient for the uppermost sheet of paper to pass through, the gap being sufficient for the separation roller to be in frictional engagement with the second sheet of paper to prevent it from passing through the nip; and a rotating element comprising a plurality of radially extending brush elements disposed between the driven pick roller and the driven feed roller and rotatable in a second direction opposite the first roller direction to urge the second sheet of paper under an influence of the plurality of radially extending brush elements in a second paper direction opposite the first paper direction. 2. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a paper tray, and the stack of paper is disposed in the paper tray. 3. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the paper tray comprises a lift plate disposed between a bottom surface and the stack of paper. 4. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the stack of paper comprises a plurality of sheets of paper, each of the plurality of sheets of paper being stacked substantially completely aligned on one another. 5. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the driven pick roller rotates about a first central axis and the rotating element rotates about a fourth central axis that is generally parallel to the first central axis. 6. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the driven pick roller, the driven feed roller and the separation roller comprises a core and an annular pliable member mounted an a peripheral surface of the core. 7. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the annular pliable member comprises a silicone rubber. 8. A paper feed apparatus for a stack of paper, the stack of paper having an uppermost sheet of paper and a second sheet of paper being disposed below the uppermost sheet of paper, the paper feed apparatus comprising:
a driven pick roller arranged in contact with the uppermost sheet of paper, and rotatable in a first roller direction to convey the uppermost sheet of paper in a first paper direction; a nip defined by a driven feed roller and a separation roller, the nip being downstream from the driven pick roller, the nip defining a gap sufficient for the uppermost sheet of paper to pass through, the gap being sufficient for the separation roller to be in frictional engagement with the second sheet of paper to prevent it from passing through the nip; and a switch element comprising a pivoting switch extension that is spring-biased by a pivot spring, the switch element being disposed between the driven pick roller and the driven feed roller and the pivoting switch extension pivotable under a force of the pivot spring in a second direction opposite the first paper direction to urge the second sheet of paper under an influence of the pivoting switch extension in a second paper direction opposite the first paper direction. 9. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a paper tray, and the stack of paper is disposed in the paper tray. 10. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the paper tray comprises a lift plate disposed between a bottom surface of the paper tray and the stack of paper. 11. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the stack of paper comprises a plurality of sheets of paper, each of the plurality of sheets of paper being stacked substantially completely aligned to one another. 12. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the driven pick roller rotates about a first central axis and the switch element pivots about a fourth central axis that is generally parallel to the first central axis. 13. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the driven pick roller, the driven feed roller and the separation roller comprises a core and an annular pliable member mounted an a peripheral surface of the core. 14. A paper feed apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the annular pliable member comprises a silicone rubber. 15. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a stack of paper, the stack of paper having an uppermost sheet of paper and a second sheet of paper being disposed below the uppermost sheet of paper; providing a driven pick roller arranged in spaced relationship with a leading edge of the uppermost sheet of paper, the driven pick roller rotating in a first roller direction to drive the uppermost sheet of paper in a first paper direction; providing a nip defined by a driven feed roller and a separation roller, the nip being downstream in a spaced relationship from the driven pick roller, the nip having a gap sufficient for the uppermost sheet of paper to pass through, the gap being sufficient for the separation roller to be in frictional engagement with the second sheet of paper to prevent it from passing through the nip; providing a rotating element comprising a plurality of radially extending brush elements disposed between the driven pick roller and the driven feed roller and rotatable in a second roller direction opposite the first roller direction to urge the second sheet of paper under an influence of the plurality of radially extending brush elements in a second paper direction opposite the first paper direction; urging the stack of paper into contacting relationship with the driven pick roller; driving the uppermost sheet of paper off the stack of paper in a the first paper direction into the nip by frictional contact between the uppermost sheet of paper and the driven pick roller; driving the second sheet of paper off the stack of paper in a the first paper direction by frictional contact between the uppermost sheet of paper and the second sheet of paper; passing the uppermost sheet of paper through the nip; and driving the second sheet of paper back onto the stack of paper in the second paper direction by frictional contact with the plurality of radially extending brush elements of the rotating element rotating in the second roller direction. 16. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 15, wherein the driven pick roller rotates about a first central axis and the rotating element rotates about a fourth central axis that is generally parallel to the first central axis. 17. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the driven pick roller, the driven feed roller and the separation roller comprises a core and an annular pliable member mounted an a peripheral surface of the core. 18. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 17, wherein the annular pliable member comprises a silicone rubber. 19. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 15, further providing a paper tray containing the stack of paper, and wherein the paper tray comprises a lift plate disposed between a bottom surface of the paper tray and the stack of paper. 20. A method for feeding paper in a document processing device of claim 15, wherein the stack of paper comprises a plurality of sheets of paper, each of the plurality of sheets of paper being stacked substantially completely aligned to one another. | 3,600 |
345,824 | 16,804,227 | 3,653 | A method and electronic device for communicating audio signals with an audio input/output device is provided. The electronic device includes a USB type connection port, an audio processor configured to support conversion between a digital signal and an analog signal, and at least one processor configured to detect a connection of a peripheral device via the connection port, identify a type of the peripheral device, establish a first signal path for communicating the digital signal with the peripheral device through a first pin and/or a second pin included in the connection port based on whether the peripheral device supports a first mode, or establish a second signal path for communicating the analog signal with the peripheral device through the first pin and/or the second pin included in the connection port based on whether the peripheral device supports a second mode and whether a predetermined condition is satisfied. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a universal serial bus (USB) type connection port; a first audio processor configured to support conversion between a digital signal and an analog signal; and at least one processor configured to:
detect a connection of a peripheral device via the connection port,
identify a type of the peripheral device,
transmit and receive the digital signal with the peripheral device through a first signal path, in response to determining that the peripheral device supports a first mode based on the type of the peripheral device, and
transmit and receive the analog signal with the peripheral device through a second signal path, in response to determining that the peripheral device additionally supports a second mode based on the type of peripheral device support, and satisfying a predetermined condition. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to transmit, through the connection port and to the peripheral device, a control signal for establishing a third signal path corresponding to the second signal path in the peripheral device. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the analog signal bypasses a second audio processor of the peripheral device based on the control signal. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the USB type is USB type C. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the peripheral device is connected via a configuration channel 1 (CC1) pin or a CC2 pin of the connection port. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to identify the type of the peripheral device using a configuration channel 1 (CC1) pin, a CC2 pin, an sideband use 1 (SBU1) pin, and/or an SBU2 pin of the connection port. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine whether the peripheral device includes a third signal path corresponding to the second signal path using a SBU1 pin and/or a SBU2 pin included in the connection port, and transmit, to the peripheral device, a control signal for establishing the second signal path through the SBU1 pin and/or the SBU2 pin based on the peripheral device including the third signal path. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the peripheral device includes a third signal path based on whether a voltage value acquired using the SBU1 pin and/or the SBU2 pin included in the connection port is equal to or greater than a threshold voltage. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit, to the peripheral device, a control signal for establishing a fourth signal path corresponding to the first signal path or a third signal path corresponding to the second signal path in the peripheral device using an Rx1+ pin, an Rx1− pin, an Rx2+ pin, an Rx2− pin, a Tx1+ pin, a Tx1− pin, a Tx2+ pin, and/or a Tx2− pin included in the connection port. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the predetermined condition is satisfied based on whether a user input for communicating the analog signal with the peripheral device is received, whether a predetermined application is executed, whether a battery voltage is less than a threshold voltage, or whether an audio signal has a sound quality below a threshold level. 11. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal from an antenna of the peripheral device through one or more GND pins included in the connection port. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second signal path for communicating the analog signal with the peripheral device is established from an output terminal of the first audio processor to the peripheral device through a D+ pin and/or a D− pin of the connection port. 13. An electronic device comprising:
a universal serial bus (USB) type connection port; an audio input/output module configured to output a first audio signal or detect a second audio signal; an audio processor configured to convert a first digital signal received through the connection port to a first analog signal or convert a second analog signal received from the audio input/output module to a second digital signal; and a processor configured to select a first signal path or a second signal path based on a control signal received from the connection port, wherein the first signal path directly connects the connection port and the audio input/output module, and wherein the second signal path connects the connection port and the audio input/output module through the audio processor. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the USB type is USB type C. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the control signal is received through an SBU1 pin and/or an SBU2 pin included in the connection port. 16. The electronic device of claim 13, further comprising an antenna for transmitting/receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal, wherein the antenna comprises one or more GND pins included in the connection port. 17. An audio signal communication method of an electronic device, the method comprising:
detecting a connection of an audio input/output device; identifying a type of the audio input/output device; communicating a digital signal with the audio input/output device through a first signal path, in response to determining that the peripheral device supports a first mode based on the type of the audio input/output device; and communicating an analog signals with the audio input/output device through a second signal path, in response to determining that the peripheral device additionally supports a second mode based on the type of peripheral device support, and satisfying a predetermined condition. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising;
transmitting, to the audio input/output device, a first control signal for transitioning a second audio processor included in the audio input/output device to a standby mode; transitioning a universal serial bus (USB) hardware block included in the electronic device to the standby mode; and transmitting, to the audio input/output device, a second control signal for establishing a third signal path corresponding to the second signal path in the audio input/output device, wherein the second signal path connects an output terminal of a first audio processor included in the electronic device and a D+ pin and/or a D− pin included in a connection port of the electronic device. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising transmitting a control signal to the audio input/output device using an Rx1+ pin, an Rx1− pin, an Rx2+ pin, an Rx2− pin, a Tx1+ pin, a Tx1− pin, a Tx2+ pin, and/or a Tx2− pin included in a connection port of the electronic device. 20. The method of claim 17, where in the predetermined condition is satisfied based on whether a user input for communicating the analog signals with the audio input/output device is received, a predetermined application being executed, a battery voltage being less than a threshold voltage, or an audio signal having a sound quality below a threshold level. | A method and electronic device for communicating audio signals with an audio input/output device is provided. The electronic device includes a USB type connection port, an audio processor configured to support conversion between a digital signal and an analog signal, and at least one processor configured to detect a connection of a peripheral device via the connection port, identify a type of the peripheral device, establish a first signal path for communicating the digital signal with the peripheral device through a first pin and/or a second pin included in the connection port based on whether the peripheral device supports a first mode, or establish a second signal path for communicating the analog signal with the peripheral device through the first pin and/or the second pin included in the connection port based on whether the peripheral device supports a second mode and whether a predetermined condition is satisfied.1. An electronic device comprising:
a universal serial bus (USB) type connection port; a first audio processor configured to support conversion between a digital signal and an analog signal; and at least one processor configured to:
detect a connection of a peripheral device via the connection port,
identify a type of the peripheral device,
transmit and receive the digital signal with the peripheral device through a first signal path, in response to determining that the peripheral device supports a first mode based on the type of the peripheral device, and
transmit and receive the analog signal with the peripheral device through a second signal path, in response to determining that the peripheral device additionally supports a second mode based on the type of peripheral device support, and satisfying a predetermined condition. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control to transmit, through the connection port and to the peripheral device, a control signal for establishing a third signal path corresponding to the second signal path in the peripheral device. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the analog signal bypasses a second audio processor of the peripheral device based on the control signal. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the USB type is USB type C. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the peripheral device is connected via a configuration channel 1 (CC1) pin or a CC2 pin of the connection port. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to identify the type of the peripheral device using a configuration channel 1 (CC1) pin, a CC2 pin, an sideband use 1 (SBU1) pin, and/or an SBU2 pin of the connection port. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine whether the peripheral device includes a third signal path corresponding to the second signal path using a SBU1 pin and/or a SBU2 pin included in the connection port, and transmit, to the peripheral device, a control signal for establishing the second signal path through the SBU1 pin and/or the SBU2 pin based on the peripheral device including the third signal path. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the peripheral device includes a third signal path based on whether a voltage value acquired using the SBU1 pin and/or the SBU2 pin included in the connection port is equal to or greater than a threshold voltage. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit, to the peripheral device, a control signal for establishing a fourth signal path corresponding to the first signal path or a third signal path corresponding to the second signal path in the peripheral device using an Rx1+ pin, an Rx1− pin, an Rx2+ pin, an Rx2− pin, a Tx1+ pin, a Tx1− pin, a Tx2+ pin, and/or a Tx2− pin included in the connection port. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the predetermined condition is satisfied based on whether a user input for communicating the analog signal with the peripheral device is received, whether a predetermined application is executed, whether a battery voltage is less than a threshold voltage, or whether an audio signal has a sound quality below a threshold level. 11. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal from an antenna of the peripheral device through one or more GND pins included in the connection port. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second signal path for communicating the analog signal with the peripheral device is established from an output terminal of the first audio processor to the peripheral device through a D+ pin and/or a D− pin of the connection port. 13. An electronic device comprising:
a universal serial bus (USB) type connection port; an audio input/output module configured to output a first audio signal or detect a second audio signal; an audio processor configured to convert a first digital signal received through the connection port to a first analog signal or convert a second analog signal received from the audio input/output module to a second digital signal; and a processor configured to select a first signal path or a second signal path based on a control signal received from the connection port, wherein the first signal path directly connects the connection port and the audio input/output module, and wherein the second signal path connects the connection port and the audio input/output module through the audio processor. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the USB type is USB type C. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the control signal is received through an SBU1 pin and/or an SBU2 pin included in the connection port. 16. The electronic device of claim 13, further comprising an antenna for transmitting/receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal, wherein the antenna comprises one or more GND pins included in the connection port. 17. An audio signal communication method of an electronic device, the method comprising:
detecting a connection of an audio input/output device; identifying a type of the audio input/output device; communicating a digital signal with the audio input/output device through a first signal path, in response to determining that the peripheral device supports a first mode based on the type of the audio input/output device; and communicating an analog signals with the audio input/output device through a second signal path, in response to determining that the peripheral device additionally supports a second mode based on the type of peripheral device support, and satisfying a predetermined condition. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising;
transmitting, to the audio input/output device, a first control signal for transitioning a second audio processor included in the audio input/output device to a standby mode; transitioning a universal serial bus (USB) hardware block included in the electronic device to the standby mode; and transmitting, to the audio input/output device, a second control signal for establishing a third signal path corresponding to the second signal path in the audio input/output device, wherein the second signal path connects an output terminal of a first audio processor included in the electronic device and a D+ pin and/or a D− pin included in a connection port of the electronic device. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising transmitting a control signal to the audio input/output device using an Rx1+ pin, an Rx1− pin, an Rx2+ pin, an Rx2− pin, a Tx1+ pin, a Tx1− pin, a Tx2+ pin, and/or a Tx2− pin included in a connection port of the electronic device. 20. The method of claim 17, where in the predetermined condition is satisfied based on whether a user input for communicating the analog signals with the audio input/output device is received, a predetermined application being executed, a battery voltage being less than a threshold voltage, or an audio signal having a sound quality below a threshold level. | 3,600 |
345,825 | 16,804,217 | 3,653 | In one embodiment, a method executed by at least one processor includes receiving first historical location information identifying a first location area at which a first user was present at a first time and receiving second location information identifying a second location area at which a second user was present at a second time. The method includes determining that the first historical location information and the second location information each correspond to a particular location area and determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user. In response to these determinations, the method includes causing information related to the first user to be presented to the second user. The information related to the first user includes the first location area of the first user relative to the second location area of the second user. | 1-39. (canceled) 40. A system, comprising:
an interface configured to:
receive first location information of a first location at which a first user was present;
one or more processors communicatively coupled to the interface and configured to:
determine that the first location information corresponds to a location type;
determine a preference related to a second user regarding the location type;
determine that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user; and
in response to determining that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user, cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 41. The system of claim 40, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises receiving a submission of a preferred location type of the second user. 42. The system of claim 40, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises:
receiving second location information of a second location at which the second user was present; and determining that the second location information corresponds to the location type. 43. The system of claim 40, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to compare the first location information to a database, the database correlating location information with location types. 44. The system of claim 40, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further comprises when the first user was present at the location type. 45. The system of claim 40, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further comprises the first location information. 46. The system of claim 40, wherein:
the interface is further configured to receive second location information of a second location at which the second user was present at a second time; and the processor is further configured to:
determine a first time at which the first user was present at the first location;
determine that the second location information corresponds to the location type;
determine that the difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold; and
wherein the information to be presented to the second user indicates the difference between the first time and the second time. 47. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with logic, the logic configured when executed to:
receive first location information of a first location at which a first user was present; determine that the first location information corresponds to a location type; determine a preference related to a second user regarding the location type; determine that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user; and in response to determining that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user, cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 48. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises receiving a submission of a preferred location type of the second user. 49. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises:
receiving second location information of a second location at which the second user was present; and determining that the second location information corresponds to the location type. 50. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the logic is further configured to compare the first location information to a database, the database correlating location information with location types. 51. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further identifies when the first user was present at the location type. 52. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further comprises the first location information. 53. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the logic is further configured to:
receive second location information of a second location at which the second user was present at a second time; determine a first time at which the first user was present at the first location; determine that the second location information corresponds to the location type; determine that the difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold; and wherein the information to be presented to the second user indicates the difference between the first time and the second time. 54. A method, comprising:
receiving first location information of a first location at which a first user was present; determining that the first location information corresponds to a location type; determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type; determining that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user, and in response to determining that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user, causing information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises:
receiving second location information of a second location at which the second user was present; and determining that the second location information corresponds to the location type. 56. The method of claim 54, further comprising comparing the first location information to a database, the database correlating location information with location types. 57. The method of claim 54, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further identifies when the first user was present at the location type. 58. The method of claim 54, further comprising comparing the first location information to a threshold to determine the location type. 59. The method of claim 54, further comprising:
determining a first time at which the first user was present at the first location; receiving second location information of a second location at which the second user was present at a second time; determining that the second location information corresponds to the location type; determining that the difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold; and wherein the information to be presented to the second user indicates the difference between the first time and the second time. | In one embodiment, a method executed by at least one processor includes receiving first historical location information identifying a first location area at which a first user was present at a first time and receiving second location information identifying a second location area at which a second user was present at a second time. The method includes determining that the first historical location information and the second location information each correspond to a particular location area and determining that a characteristic related to the first user corresponds to a preference related to the second user. In response to these determinations, the method includes causing information related to the first user to be presented to the second user. The information related to the first user includes the first location area of the first user relative to the second location area of the second user.1-39. (canceled) 40. A system, comprising:
an interface configured to:
receive first location information of a first location at which a first user was present;
one or more processors communicatively coupled to the interface and configured to:
determine that the first location information corresponds to a location type;
determine a preference related to a second user regarding the location type;
determine that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user; and
in response to determining that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user, cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 41. The system of claim 40, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises receiving a submission of a preferred location type of the second user. 42. The system of claim 40, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises:
receiving second location information of a second location at which the second user was present; and determining that the second location information corresponds to the location type. 43. The system of claim 40, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to compare the first location information to a database, the database correlating location information with location types. 44. The system of claim 40, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further comprises when the first user was present at the location type. 45. The system of claim 40, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further comprises the first location information. 46. The system of claim 40, wherein:
the interface is further configured to receive second location information of a second location at which the second user was present at a second time; and the processor is further configured to:
determine a first time at which the first user was present at the first location;
determine that the second location information corresponds to the location type;
determine that the difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold; and
wherein the information to be presented to the second user indicates the difference between the first time and the second time. 47. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with logic, the logic configured when executed to:
receive first location information of a first location at which a first user was present; determine that the first location information corresponds to a location type; determine a preference related to a second user regarding the location type; determine that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user; and in response to determining that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user, cause information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 48. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises receiving a submission of a preferred location type of the second user. 49. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises:
receiving second location information of a second location at which the second user was present; and determining that the second location information corresponds to the location type. 50. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the logic is further configured to compare the first location information to a database, the database correlating location information with location types. 51. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further identifies when the first user was present at the location type. 52. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further comprises the first location information. 53. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the logic is further configured to:
receive second location information of a second location at which the second user was present at a second time; determine a first time at which the first user was present at the first location; determine that the second location information corresponds to the location type; determine that the difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold; and wherein the information to be presented to the second user indicates the difference between the first time and the second time. 54. A method, comprising:
receiving first location information of a first location at which a first user was present; determining that the first location information corresponds to a location type; determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type; determining that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user, and in response to determining that the location type corresponds to the preference related to the second user, causing information to be presented to the second user, the information to be presented to the second user comprising the location type and that the first user and the second user have the location type in common. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein determining a preference related to a second user regarding the location type comprises:
receiving second location information of a second location at which the second user was present; and determining that the second location information corresponds to the location type. 56. The method of claim 54, further comprising comparing the first location information to a database, the database correlating location information with location types. 57. The method of claim 54, wherein the information to be presented to the second user further identifies when the first user was present at the location type. 58. The method of claim 54, further comprising comparing the first location information to a threshold to determine the location type. 59. The method of claim 54, further comprising:
determining a first time at which the first user was present at the first location; receiving second location information of a second location at which the second user was present at a second time; determining that the second location information corresponds to the location type; determining that the difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold; and wherein the information to be presented to the second user indicates the difference between the first time and the second time. | 3,600 |
345,826 | 16,804,209 | 3,653 | The implementations of the present disclosure provide a method for displaying a shooting interface, which is applied to a terminal in which an image acquisition component is integrated into a touch screen. The method includes: receiving a first operation signal, where the first operation signal is a signal configured to enable the image acquisition component to perform shooting; enabling the image acquisition component according to the first operation signal; and displaying a shooting interface on the touch screen, where the shooting interface is provided with a component location information which is a prompt information configured to indicate the location of the image acquisition component. The present disclosure also provides a device for displaying a shooting interface, and the terminal. | 1. A method for displaying a shooting interface, applied to a terminal in which an image acquisition component is integrated into a touch screen of the terminal, and the method comprising:
receiving a first operation signal, wherein the first operation signal is a signal configured to enable the image acquisition component to perform shooting; enabling the image acquisition component according to the first operation signal; and displaying a shooting interface on the touch screen, wherein the shooting interface is provided with a component location information which is a prompt information configured to indicate a location of the image acquisition component. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the touch screen is provided with a hole, and the image acquisition component is arranged in the hole; the component location information is a contour mark; and
wherein displaying the shooting interface on the touch screen, the shooting interface being provided with the component location information comprises:
displaying a first shooting interface on the touch screen, the first shooting interface being provided with the contour mark, wherein the contour mark is displayed around an edge contour of the hole. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the touch screen is provided with a hole, and the image acquisition component is arranged in the hole; the component location information is a location mark; and
wherein displaying the shooting interface on the touch screen, the shooting interface being provided with the component location information comprises:
displaying a first shooting interface on the touch screen, the first shooting interface being provided with the location mark, wherein the location mark is located at the periphery of a location of the hole and points to the location of the hole. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein photosensitive pixels of the image acquisition component are dispersedly integrated in display pixels in a predetermined area of the touch screen; the component location information is a contour mark; and
wherein displaying the shooting interface on the touch screen, the shooting interface being provided with the component location information comprises:
displaying a second shooting interface on the touch screen, the second shooting interface being provided with the contour mark, wherein the contour mark is displayed around an edge contour of the predetermined area. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein photosensitive pixels of the image acquisition component are dispersedly integrated in display pixels in a predetermined area of the touch screen; the component location information is a location mark; and
wherein displaying the shooting interface on the touch screen, the shooting interface being provided with the component location information comprises:
displaying a second shooting interface on the touch screen, the second shooting interface being provided with the location mark, wherein the location mark is located at the periphery of the predetermined area and points to the location of the predetermined area. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
acquiring shooting parameters, wherein the shooting parameters comprise at least one of an aperture value, a shutter value, an exposure value, a focus information, and a sensitivity value; and determining at least one of a display size, a display color, a display shape, and a display animation of the component location information according to the shooting parameters. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the display animation of the component location information is a gradient animation having a brightness changed from bright to dim and then from dim to bright, when a first preset condition is satisfied; and determining that the display animation of the component location information has a constant brightness, when a second preset condition is satisfied; wherein the first preset condition comprises one of:
a shutter value is greater than a first threshold value;
an exposure value is greater than a second threshold value or less than a third threshold value;
an aperture value is greater than a fourth threshold value; or
a sensitivity value is greater than a fifth threshold value;
wherein the second preset condition comprises one of:
the shutter value is less than the first threshold value;
the exposure value is less than the second threshold value and greater than the third threshold value;
the aperture value is less than the fourth threshold value; or
the sensitivity value is less than the fifth threshold value. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the display animation of the component location information has a constant brightness, when a focus information indicates that the focusing fails; and determining that the display animation of the component location information is a flashing display, when the focus information indicates that the focusing is successful. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise an aperture value;
wherein when the aperture value is within its normal range, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines;
wherein when the aperture value is less than a minimum value of the normal range of the aperture value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a first size bigger than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a first color brighter than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines; and
wherein when the aperture value is greater than a maximum value of the normal range of the aperture value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a second size smaller than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a second color dimmer than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in thick solid lines. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise a shutter value;
wherein when the shutter value is within its normal range, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines;
wherein when the shutter value is greater than a maximum value of a normal range of the shutter value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a first size bigger than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a second color dimmer than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines; and
wherein when the shutter value is less than a minimum value of a normal range of the shutter value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a second size smaller than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a first color brighter than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in thick solid lines. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise an exposure value;
wherein when the exposure value is within its normal range, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines;
wherein when the exposure value is greater than a maximum value of a normal range of the exposure value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a first size bigger than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a first color brighter than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in thick solid lines; and
wherein when the exposure value is less than a minimum value of the normal range of the exposure value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a second size smaller than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a second color dimmer than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise a sensitivity value;
wherein when the sensitivity value is within its normal range, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines;
wherein when the sensitivity value is greater than a maximum value of the normal range of the sensitivity value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a first size bigger than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a second color dimmer than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines; and
wherein when the sensitivity value is less than a minimum value of the normal range of the sensitivity value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a second size smaller than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a first color brighter than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in thick solid lines. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise a focus information;
wherein when the focus information indicates that the focusing fails, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a size smaller than a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a color dimmer than a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines; and
wherein when the focus information indicates that the focusing is successful, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in the normal size;
displaying the component location information in the normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines. 14. A terminal comprising:
a touch screen; an image acquisition component integrated into the touch screen; a processor; and a memory configured to store at least one instruction; the at least one instruction, when executed by the processor, causing the processor to:
receive a first operation signal, wherein the first operation signal is a signal configured to enable the image acquisition component to perform shooting;
enable the image acquisition component according to the first operation signal; and
display a shooting interface on the touch screen, wherein the shooting interface is provided with a component location information which is a prompt information configured to indicate a location of the image acquisition component. 15. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the at least one instruction further causes the processor to:
acquire shooting parameters, wherein the shooting parameters comprise at least one of an aperture value, a shutter value, an exposure value, a focus information, or a sensitivity value; and determine at least one of a display size, a display color, a display shape, or a display animation of the component location information according to the shooting parameters. 16. The terminal of claim 15, wherein the touch screen is provided with a hole, and the image acquisition component is arranged in the hole;
wherein the component location information is a contour mark which is displayed around an edge contour of the hole; or the component location information is a location mark which is located at the periphery of a location of the hole and points to the location of the hole. 17. The terminal of claim 15, wherein photosensitive pixels of the image acquisition component are dispersedly integrated in display pixels in a predetermined area of the touch screen;
wherein the component location information is a contour mark which is displayed around an edge contour of the predetermined area; or the component location information is a location mark which is located at the periphery of the predetermined area and points to the location of the predetermined area. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing at least one instruction which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
receive a first operation signal, wherein the first operation signal is a signal configured to enable an image acquisition component to perform shooting, wherein the image acquisition component is integrated into a touch screen of a terminal; enable the image acquisition component according to the first operation signal; and display a shooting interface on the touch screen, wherein the shooting interface is provided with a component location information which is a prompt information configured to indicate a location of the image acquisition component. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the at least one instruction further cause the processor to:
acquire shooting parameters, wherein the shooting parameters comprise at least one of an aperture value, a shutter value, an exposure value, a focus information, or a sensitivity value; and determine at least one of a display size, a display color, a display shape, or a display animation of the component location information according to the shooting parameters. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the component location information is a contour mark which is displayed around an edge contour of the location of the image acquisition component; or
the component location information is a location mark which is located at the periphery of a location of the image acquisition component and points to the location of the image acquisition component. | The implementations of the present disclosure provide a method for displaying a shooting interface, which is applied to a terminal in which an image acquisition component is integrated into a touch screen. The method includes: receiving a first operation signal, where the first operation signal is a signal configured to enable the image acquisition component to perform shooting; enabling the image acquisition component according to the first operation signal; and displaying a shooting interface on the touch screen, where the shooting interface is provided with a component location information which is a prompt information configured to indicate the location of the image acquisition component. The present disclosure also provides a device for displaying a shooting interface, and the terminal.1. A method for displaying a shooting interface, applied to a terminal in which an image acquisition component is integrated into a touch screen of the terminal, and the method comprising:
receiving a first operation signal, wherein the first operation signal is a signal configured to enable the image acquisition component to perform shooting; enabling the image acquisition component according to the first operation signal; and displaying a shooting interface on the touch screen, wherein the shooting interface is provided with a component location information which is a prompt information configured to indicate a location of the image acquisition component. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the touch screen is provided with a hole, and the image acquisition component is arranged in the hole; the component location information is a contour mark; and
wherein displaying the shooting interface on the touch screen, the shooting interface being provided with the component location information comprises:
displaying a first shooting interface on the touch screen, the first shooting interface being provided with the contour mark, wherein the contour mark is displayed around an edge contour of the hole. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the touch screen is provided with a hole, and the image acquisition component is arranged in the hole; the component location information is a location mark; and
wherein displaying the shooting interface on the touch screen, the shooting interface being provided with the component location information comprises:
displaying a first shooting interface on the touch screen, the first shooting interface being provided with the location mark, wherein the location mark is located at the periphery of a location of the hole and points to the location of the hole. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein photosensitive pixels of the image acquisition component are dispersedly integrated in display pixels in a predetermined area of the touch screen; the component location information is a contour mark; and
wherein displaying the shooting interface on the touch screen, the shooting interface being provided with the component location information comprises:
displaying a second shooting interface on the touch screen, the second shooting interface being provided with the contour mark, wherein the contour mark is displayed around an edge contour of the predetermined area. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein photosensitive pixels of the image acquisition component are dispersedly integrated in display pixels in a predetermined area of the touch screen; the component location information is a location mark; and
wherein displaying the shooting interface on the touch screen, the shooting interface being provided with the component location information comprises:
displaying a second shooting interface on the touch screen, the second shooting interface being provided with the location mark, wherein the location mark is located at the periphery of the predetermined area and points to the location of the predetermined area. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
acquiring shooting parameters, wherein the shooting parameters comprise at least one of an aperture value, a shutter value, an exposure value, a focus information, and a sensitivity value; and determining at least one of a display size, a display color, a display shape, and a display animation of the component location information according to the shooting parameters. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the display animation of the component location information is a gradient animation having a brightness changed from bright to dim and then from dim to bright, when a first preset condition is satisfied; and determining that the display animation of the component location information has a constant brightness, when a second preset condition is satisfied; wherein the first preset condition comprises one of:
a shutter value is greater than a first threshold value;
an exposure value is greater than a second threshold value or less than a third threshold value;
an aperture value is greater than a fourth threshold value; or
a sensitivity value is greater than a fifth threshold value;
wherein the second preset condition comprises one of:
the shutter value is less than the first threshold value;
the exposure value is less than the second threshold value and greater than the third threshold value;
the aperture value is less than the fourth threshold value; or
the sensitivity value is less than the fifth threshold value. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the display animation of the component location information has a constant brightness, when a focus information indicates that the focusing fails; and determining that the display animation of the component location information is a flashing display, when the focus information indicates that the focusing is successful. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise an aperture value;
wherein when the aperture value is within its normal range, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines;
wherein when the aperture value is less than a minimum value of the normal range of the aperture value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a first size bigger than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a first color brighter than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines; and
wherein when the aperture value is greater than a maximum value of the normal range of the aperture value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a second size smaller than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a second color dimmer than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in thick solid lines. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise a shutter value;
wherein when the shutter value is within its normal range, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines;
wherein when the shutter value is greater than a maximum value of a normal range of the shutter value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a first size bigger than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a second color dimmer than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines; and
wherein when the shutter value is less than a minimum value of a normal range of the shutter value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a second size smaller than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a first color brighter than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in thick solid lines. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise an exposure value;
wherein when the exposure value is within its normal range, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines;
wherein when the exposure value is greater than a maximum value of a normal range of the exposure value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a first size bigger than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a first color brighter than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in thick solid lines; and
wherein when the exposure value is less than a minimum value of the normal range of the exposure value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a second size smaller than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a second color dimmer than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise a sensitivity value;
wherein when the sensitivity value is within its normal range, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines;
wherein when the sensitivity value is greater than a maximum value of the normal range of the sensitivity value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a first size bigger than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a second color dimmer than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines; and
wherein when the sensitivity value is less than a minimum value of the normal range of the sensitivity value, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a second size smaller than the normal size;
displaying the component location information in a first color brighter than the normal color; or
displaying the contour lines of the component location information in thick solid lines. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein the shooting parameters comprise a focus information;
wherein when the focus information indicates that the focusing fails, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in a size smaller than a normal size;
displaying the component location information in a color dimmer than a normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in dotted lines; and
wherein when the focus information indicates that the focusing is successful, the method further comprises at least one of the following actions:
displaying the component location information in the normal size;
displaying the component location information in the normal color; or
displaying contour lines of the component location information in normal solid lines. 14. A terminal comprising:
a touch screen; an image acquisition component integrated into the touch screen; a processor; and a memory configured to store at least one instruction; the at least one instruction, when executed by the processor, causing the processor to:
receive a first operation signal, wherein the first operation signal is a signal configured to enable the image acquisition component to perform shooting;
enable the image acquisition component according to the first operation signal; and
display a shooting interface on the touch screen, wherein the shooting interface is provided with a component location information which is a prompt information configured to indicate a location of the image acquisition component. 15. The terminal of claim 14, wherein the at least one instruction further causes the processor to:
acquire shooting parameters, wherein the shooting parameters comprise at least one of an aperture value, a shutter value, an exposure value, a focus information, or a sensitivity value; and determine at least one of a display size, a display color, a display shape, or a display animation of the component location information according to the shooting parameters. 16. The terminal of claim 15, wherein the touch screen is provided with a hole, and the image acquisition component is arranged in the hole;
wherein the component location information is a contour mark which is displayed around an edge contour of the hole; or the component location information is a location mark which is located at the periphery of a location of the hole and points to the location of the hole. 17. The terminal of claim 15, wherein photosensitive pixels of the image acquisition component are dispersedly integrated in display pixels in a predetermined area of the touch screen;
wherein the component location information is a contour mark which is displayed around an edge contour of the predetermined area; or the component location information is a location mark which is located at the periphery of the predetermined area and points to the location of the predetermined area. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing at least one instruction which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
receive a first operation signal, wherein the first operation signal is a signal configured to enable an image acquisition component to perform shooting, wherein the image acquisition component is integrated into a touch screen of a terminal; enable the image acquisition component according to the first operation signal; and display a shooting interface on the touch screen, wherein the shooting interface is provided with a component location information which is a prompt information configured to indicate a location of the image acquisition component. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the at least one instruction further cause the processor to:
acquire shooting parameters, wherein the shooting parameters comprise at least one of an aperture value, a shutter value, an exposure value, a focus information, or a sensitivity value; and determine at least one of a display size, a display color, a display shape, or a display animation of the component location information according to the shooting parameters. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the component location information is a contour mark which is displayed around an edge contour of the location of the image acquisition component; or
the component location information is a location mark which is located at the periphery of a location of the image acquisition component and points to the location of the image acquisition component. | 3,600 |
345,827 | 16,804,214 | 3,653 | A method for processing an out-of-order data stream includes inserting a new data stream element into a segment list according to a timestamp of the new data stream element. It is identified whether there are missing data stream elements between segments in the segment list. The segments which have no missing data stream elements between them are merged. Values of the data stream elements are aggregated using a sliding window over out-of-order data stream elements in the merged segment. | 1. A method for processing an out-of-order data stream, the method comprising:
inserting a new data stream element into a segment list according to a timestamp of the new data stream element; identifying whether there are missing data stream elements between segments in the segment list; merging the segments which have no missing data stream elements between them; and aggregating values of the data stream elements using a sliding window over out-of-order data stream elements in the merged segment. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the segments includes a left-most sliding window and a right-most sliding window, wherein the values of the data stream elements are aggregated by moving the right-most sliding window of a first one of the segments to the right and computing data aggregations in each window until a left bound of the right-most sliding window of the first one of the segments matches with a left bound of the left-most sliding window of a second one of the segments, the second one of the segments spanning a time window that is later than the first one of the segments, and wherein the computed data aggregations for each of the windows are output. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising removing data stream elements between a right bound of the left-most sliding window of the first one of the segments and the left bound of the right-most sliding window of the second one of the segments. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of pairs of segments are merged in parallel. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the segment list is a skip list which stores partial data aggregations, the segments being ordered ascendingly by timestamps of their stream elements, and wherein the new data stream element is inserted into the skip list as a new singleton segment. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the skip list includes a plurality of buckets into which data stream elements of the data stream are insertable in parallel. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising inserting a gap element for an identified missing data stream element. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the gap element has meta-information which includes a timestamp of a singleton interval and a sequence number of the missing data element having the timestamp together with an end marker. 9. The method according claim 1, further comprising annotating each data stream element of the data stream from a plurality of data producers with sequence numbers so as to provide a lexicographical ordering of the data stream elements. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising filtering some of the data stream elements out of the data stream and inserting gap elements annotated with the same sequence numbers as the data stream elements which were filtered out. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising inserting a gap element for an identified missing data stream element, the inserted gap element being annotated with meta-information including a timestamp of a time window of the segments, a data producer and a sequence number. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the data producer is a data producer of a first data stream element in the time window, and wherein the sequence number comprises two parts, a first part having a sequence number of the first data stream element and a second part having a counter value of a number of time windows that start at the timestamp. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a tree is stored for each segment in the segment list, wherein the data stream elements of the segments are aggregated using an associative operator from left to right, and wherein the subtrees of the trees of the segments are reused during the aggregation. 14. A system comprising one or more processors which, alone or in combination, are configured to provide for execution of a method for processing an out-of-order data stream, the method comprising:
inserting a new data stream element into a segment list according to a timestamp of the new data stream element; identifying whether there are missing data stream elements between segments in the segment list; merging the segments which have no missing data stream elements between them; and aggregating values of the data stream elements using a sliding window over out-of-order data stream elements in the merged segment. 15. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions thereon which, upon being executed by one or more processors, alone or in combination, provide for execution of a method for processing an out-of-order data stream, the method comprising:
inserting a new data stream element into a segment list according to a timestamp of the new data stream element; identifying whether there are missing data stream elements between segments in the segment list; merging the segments which have no missing data stream elements between them; and aggregating values of the data stream elements using a sliding window over out-of-order data stream elements in the merged segment. | A method for processing an out-of-order data stream includes inserting a new data stream element into a segment list according to a timestamp of the new data stream element. It is identified whether there are missing data stream elements between segments in the segment list. The segments which have no missing data stream elements between them are merged. Values of the data stream elements are aggregated using a sliding window over out-of-order data stream elements in the merged segment.1. A method for processing an out-of-order data stream, the method comprising:
inserting a new data stream element into a segment list according to a timestamp of the new data stream element; identifying whether there are missing data stream elements between segments in the segment list; merging the segments which have no missing data stream elements between them; and aggregating values of the data stream elements using a sliding window over out-of-order data stream elements in the merged segment. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the segments includes a left-most sliding window and a right-most sliding window, wherein the values of the data stream elements are aggregated by moving the right-most sliding window of a first one of the segments to the right and computing data aggregations in each window until a left bound of the right-most sliding window of the first one of the segments matches with a left bound of the left-most sliding window of a second one of the segments, the second one of the segments spanning a time window that is later than the first one of the segments, and wherein the computed data aggregations for each of the windows are output. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising removing data stream elements between a right bound of the left-most sliding window of the first one of the segments and the left bound of the right-most sliding window of the second one of the segments. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of pairs of segments are merged in parallel. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the segment list is a skip list which stores partial data aggregations, the segments being ordered ascendingly by timestamps of their stream elements, and wherein the new data stream element is inserted into the skip list as a new singleton segment. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the skip list includes a plurality of buckets into which data stream elements of the data stream are insertable in parallel. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising inserting a gap element for an identified missing data stream element. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the gap element has meta-information which includes a timestamp of a singleton interval and a sequence number of the missing data element having the timestamp together with an end marker. 9. The method according claim 1, further comprising annotating each data stream element of the data stream from a plurality of data producers with sequence numbers so as to provide a lexicographical ordering of the data stream elements. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising filtering some of the data stream elements out of the data stream and inserting gap elements annotated with the same sequence numbers as the data stream elements which were filtered out. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising inserting a gap element for an identified missing data stream element, the inserted gap element being annotated with meta-information including a timestamp of a time window of the segments, a data producer and a sequence number. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the data producer is a data producer of a first data stream element in the time window, and wherein the sequence number comprises two parts, a first part having a sequence number of the first data stream element and a second part having a counter value of a number of time windows that start at the timestamp. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a tree is stored for each segment in the segment list, wherein the data stream elements of the segments are aggregated using an associative operator from left to right, and wherein the subtrees of the trees of the segments are reused during the aggregation. 14. A system comprising one or more processors which, alone or in combination, are configured to provide for execution of a method for processing an out-of-order data stream, the method comprising:
inserting a new data stream element into a segment list according to a timestamp of the new data stream element; identifying whether there are missing data stream elements between segments in the segment list; merging the segments which have no missing data stream elements between them; and aggregating values of the data stream elements using a sliding window over out-of-order data stream elements in the merged segment. 15. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions thereon which, upon being executed by one or more processors, alone or in combination, provide for execution of a method for processing an out-of-order data stream, the method comprising:
inserting a new data stream element into a segment list according to a timestamp of the new data stream element; identifying whether there are missing data stream elements between segments in the segment list; merging the segments which have no missing data stream elements between them; and aggregating values of the data stream elements using a sliding window over out-of-order data stream elements in the merged segment. | 3,600 |
345,828 | 16,804,226 | 3,653 | Methods of forming memory devices are described. Some embodiments of the disclosure utilize a low temperature anneal process to reduce bottom voids and seams in low melting point, low resistance metal buried word lines. Some embodiments of the disclosure utilize a high density dielectric cap during a high temperature anneal process to reduce bottom voids in buried word lines. | 1. A method of forming a memory device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate having plurality of trenches thereon, each trench having a trench depth; depositing a conformal gate oxide layer on the substrate; forming a thickness of a first metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer, the thickness being less than or equal to about 90% of the trench depth; performing a low temperature anneal of the substrate; forming a thickness of a second metal layer on the first metal layer, the thickness of the second metal layer at least filling the trench; and recessing the second metal layer to a predetermined depth to form a recessed metal layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first metal layer comprises depositing a conformal work-function metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer and depositing a first metal layer on the conformal work-function metal layer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second metal layers comprise Ru or Ir. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metal layer fills less than or equal to about 50% of the trench depth. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the low temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of less than or equal to about 700° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein after annealing the substrate, the first metal layer contains substantially no seams or voids. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the memory device contains substantially no bottom void. 8. A method of forming a memory device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate having plurality of trenches thereon, each trench having a trench depth; depositing a conformal gate oxide layer on the substrate; forming a thickness of a metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer, the thickness at least filling the trench; performing a low temperature anneal of the substrate; recessing the metal layer to a predetermined depth to form a recessed metal layer; depositing a high density dielectric layer on the recessed metal layer; performing a high temperature anneal of the substrate; and removing the high density dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the metal layer comprises depositing a conformal work-function metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer and depositing a metal layer on the conformal work-function metal layer. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the metal layer comprises Ru or Ir. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the low temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of less than or equal to about 600° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein after the low temperature anneal, the metal layer contains substantially no seams or voids. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined depth is in a range of about 80 nm to about 90 nm. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the high temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 800° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 1 minute. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the memory device contains substantially no bottom void. 16. A method of forming a memory device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate having plurality of trenches thereon, each trench having a trench depth; depositing a conformal gate oxide layer on the substrate; forming a thickness of a metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer, the thickness being less than or equal to 90% of the trench depth; performing a low temperature anneal of the substrate; forming an additional thickness of the metal layer, the total thickness of the metal layer at least filling the trench; recessing the metal layer to a predetermined depth to form a recessed metal layer; depositing a high density dielectric layer on the recessed metal layer; performing a high temperature anneal of the substrate; and removing the high density dielectric layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein forming the metal layer comprises depositing a conformal work-function metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer and depositing a metal layer on the conformal work-function metal layer. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the metal layer comprises Ru or Ir. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the low temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of less than or equal to about 600° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes, and the high temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 800° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 1 minute. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the memory device contains substantially no bottom void. | Methods of forming memory devices are described. Some embodiments of the disclosure utilize a low temperature anneal process to reduce bottom voids and seams in low melting point, low resistance metal buried word lines. Some embodiments of the disclosure utilize a high density dielectric cap during a high temperature anneal process to reduce bottom voids in buried word lines.1. A method of forming a memory device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate having plurality of trenches thereon, each trench having a trench depth; depositing a conformal gate oxide layer on the substrate; forming a thickness of a first metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer, the thickness being less than or equal to about 90% of the trench depth; performing a low temperature anneal of the substrate; forming a thickness of a second metal layer on the first metal layer, the thickness of the second metal layer at least filling the trench; and recessing the second metal layer to a predetermined depth to form a recessed metal layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first metal layer comprises depositing a conformal work-function metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer and depositing a first metal layer on the conformal work-function metal layer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second metal layers comprise Ru or Ir. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metal layer fills less than or equal to about 50% of the trench depth. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the low temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of less than or equal to about 700° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein after annealing the substrate, the first metal layer contains substantially no seams or voids. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the memory device contains substantially no bottom void. 8. A method of forming a memory device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate having plurality of trenches thereon, each trench having a trench depth; depositing a conformal gate oxide layer on the substrate; forming a thickness of a metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer, the thickness at least filling the trench; performing a low temperature anneal of the substrate; recessing the metal layer to a predetermined depth to form a recessed metal layer; depositing a high density dielectric layer on the recessed metal layer; performing a high temperature anneal of the substrate; and removing the high density dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the metal layer comprises depositing a conformal work-function metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer and depositing a metal layer on the conformal work-function metal layer. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the metal layer comprises Ru or Ir. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the low temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of less than or equal to about 600° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein after the low temperature anneal, the metal layer contains substantially no seams or voids. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined depth is in a range of about 80 nm to about 90 nm. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the high temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 800° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 1 minute. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the memory device contains substantially no bottom void. 16. A method of forming a memory device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate having plurality of trenches thereon, each trench having a trench depth; depositing a conformal gate oxide layer on the substrate; forming a thickness of a metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer, the thickness being less than or equal to 90% of the trench depth; performing a low temperature anneal of the substrate; forming an additional thickness of the metal layer, the total thickness of the metal layer at least filling the trench; recessing the metal layer to a predetermined depth to form a recessed metal layer; depositing a high density dielectric layer on the recessed metal layer; performing a high temperature anneal of the substrate; and removing the high density dielectric layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein forming the metal layer comprises depositing a conformal work-function metal layer on the conformal gate oxide layer and depositing a metal layer on the conformal work-function metal layer. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the metal layer comprises Ru or Ir. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the low temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of less than or equal to about 600° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 10 minutes, and the high temperature anneal is performed at a temperature of greater than or equal to about 800° C. for a period of less than or equal to about 1 minute. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the memory device contains substantially no bottom void. | 3,600 |
345,829 | 16,804,257 | 3,653 | A bill processing apparatus which is capable of reliably supplying information on a bill to the bill housing body side. The paper sheet processing apparatus has a bill housing part (100) being capable of housing a bill inserted from a bill insertion slot, and also a reader/writer (142) which wirelessly transmits information on the bill inserted from the bill insertion slot. The bill housing part (100) has a coil antenna (104 c) which wirelessly receives the information transmitted from the reader/writer (142), and a storage part (104 b) which stores the information on the bill received from the coil antenna (104 c). | 1. A paper sheet processing apparatus comprising:
a stand; a main body comprising a conveyer that conveys a paper sheet, the main body mountable and demountable from the stand; a housing that stores the paper sheet from the conveyer, the housing mountable and demountable from the stand; a transmitter that is disposed on the main body and sends wirelessly information of the paper sheet; and a controller, wherein the housing comprises:
an antenna that receives wirelessly the information from the transmitter and is installed on an upper wall of the housing;
a storage that stores the information of the paper sheet received through the antenna;
a placing plate on which the paper sheet is to be stacked;
a presser plate; and
a pair of regulatory members disposed on both sides of the placing plate,
wherein when detecting insertion of the paper sheet in a state that the presser plate is brought between the pair of regulatory members, the controller moves the presser plate to form an opening between the pair of regulatory members such that the paper sheet passes through the opening. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the presser plate moves among a plurality of positions including a standby position and a pressing position, and
wherein the presser plate stays at the pressing position for a predetermined time after the paper sheet is stacked, so as to place the stacked paper sheet stably on the placing plate. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller sends deposit information of the paper sheet to a server after the presser plate moves from the pressing position to the standby position. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pair of movable pieces disposed at an entrance of a paper sheet travelling route along which the paper sheet moves to the housing,
wherein the pair of movable pieces move apart from each other to open the paper sheet travelling route when the paper sheet is inserted, and wherein the pair of movable pieces move closer to each other until a distance between the pair of movable pieces becomes a predetermined minimum width to correct a position of the paper sheet. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a magnet that is disposed on the placing plate and generates a magnetic field when a number of paper sheets stacked in the housing reaches a threshold value; and a magnetic sensor that is disposed on the main body and receives the magnetic field, wherein the controller:
starts counting a number of paper sheets that are stacked in the housing after the magnetic sensor receives the magnetic field, and
stops storing the paper sheet into the housing when the counted number is ten or more, and
wherein the antenna includes a loop antenna having a loop surface such that a communication direction of the antenna is perpendicular to the loop surface, wherein the transmitter has a first surface substantially parallel to the loop surface and broader than a second surface perpendicular to the loop surface, wherein the housing is slidably mounted and demounted on the stand, wherein an upper wall of the housing is parallel to an opposing surface side of the stand during the sliding of the housing into the stand such that the loop surface and the first surface of the transmitter are substantially parallel to each other, wherein the first surface of the transmitter and the loop surface of the antenna are located substantially parallel to a direction of the movement of the housing when mounting and demounting, wherein the loop surface is positioned such that the antenna receives the information from the transmitter even when the housing is not located at a predetermined position after the housing is mounted on the frame, wherein the loop surface of the antenna and the first surface of the transmitter entirely overlap each other when the housing is located at the predetermined position, and wherein the upper wall of the housing entirely overlaps the first surface of the transmitter when the housing is at the predetermined position. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a validator determining validity of the paper sheet from the conveyer,
wherein the controller:
determines whether an input is received when the paper sheet is determined to be valid by the validator;
drives the conveyer to convey the paper sheet to the housing when it is determined that the input is received; and
transmits paper-sheet-reception information to the storage and a higher-rank device after the paper sheet is received in the housing. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller:
detects whether the housing is full after transmitting the paper-sheet-reception information; and generates a detection signal when the housing is detected to be full. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller generates a notification that the housing is approaching a full state. 9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller generates a notification that the housing is approaching a full state when the counted number does not exceed nine. | A bill processing apparatus which is capable of reliably supplying information on a bill to the bill housing body side. The paper sheet processing apparatus has a bill housing part (100) being capable of housing a bill inserted from a bill insertion slot, and also a reader/writer (142) which wirelessly transmits information on the bill inserted from the bill insertion slot. The bill housing part (100) has a coil antenna (104 c) which wirelessly receives the information transmitted from the reader/writer (142), and a storage part (104 b) which stores the information on the bill received from the coil antenna (104 c).1. A paper sheet processing apparatus comprising:
a stand; a main body comprising a conveyer that conveys a paper sheet, the main body mountable and demountable from the stand; a housing that stores the paper sheet from the conveyer, the housing mountable and demountable from the stand; a transmitter that is disposed on the main body and sends wirelessly information of the paper sheet; and a controller, wherein the housing comprises:
an antenna that receives wirelessly the information from the transmitter and is installed on an upper wall of the housing;
a storage that stores the information of the paper sheet received through the antenna;
a placing plate on which the paper sheet is to be stacked;
a presser plate; and
a pair of regulatory members disposed on both sides of the placing plate,
wherein when detecting insertion of the paper sheet in a state that the presser plate is brought between the pair of regulatory members, the controller moves the presser plate to form an opening between the pair of regulatory members such that the paper sheet passes through the opening. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the presser plate moves among a plurality of positions including a standby position and a pressing position, and
wherein the presser plate stays at the pressing position for a predetermined time after the paper sheet is stacked, so as to place the stacked paper sheet stably on the placing plate. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller sends deposit information of the paper sheet to a server after the presser plate moves from the pressing position to the standby position. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pair of movable pieces disposed at an entrance of a paper sheet travelling route along which the paper sheet moves to the housing,
wherein the pair of movable pieces move apart from each other to open the paper sheet travelling route when the paper sheet is inserted, and wherein the pair of movable pieces move closer to each other until a distance between the pair of movable pieces becomes a predetermined minimum width to correct a position of the paper sheet. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a magnet that is disposed on the placing plate and generates a magnetic field when a number of paper sheets stacked in the housing reaches a threshold value; and a magnetic sensor that is disposed on the main body and receives the magnetic field, wherein the controller:
starts counting a number of paper sheets that are stacked in the housing after the magnetic sensor receives the magnetic field, and
stops storing the paper sheet into the housing when the counted number is ten or more, and
wherein the antenna includes a loop antenna having a loop surface such that a communication direction of the antenna is perpendicular to the loop surface, wherein the transmitter has a first surface substantially parallel to the loop surface and broader than a second surface perpendicular to the loop surface, wherein the housing is slidably mounted and demounted on the stand, wherein an upper wall of the housing is parallel to an opposing surface side of the stand during the sliding of the housing into the stand such that the loop surface and the first surface of the transmitter are substantially parallel to each other, wherein the first surface of the transmitter and the loop surface of the antenna are located substantially parallel to a direction of the movement of the housing when mounting and demounting, wherein the loop surface is positioned such that the antenna receives the information from the transmitter even when the housing is not located at a predetermined position after the housing is mounted on the frame, wherein the loop surface of the antenna and the first surface of the transmitter entirely overlap each other when the housing is located at the predetermined position, and wherein the upper wall of the housing entirely overlaps the first surface of the transmitter when the housing is at the predetermined position. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a validator determining validity of the paper sheet from the conveyer,
wherein the controller:
determines whether an input is received when the paper sheet is determined to be valid by the validator;
drives the conveyer to convey the paper sheet to the housing when it is determined that the input is received; and
transmits paper-sheet-reception information to the storage and a higher-rank device after the paper sheet is received in the housing. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller:
detects whether the housing is full after transmitting the paper-sheet-reception information; and generates a detection signal when the housing is detected to be full. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller generates a notification that the housing is approaching a full state. 9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller generates a notification that the housing is approaching a full state when the counted number does not exceed nine. | 3,600 |
345,830 | 16,804,256 | 3,732 | A slip resistant overshoe allowing expansion between a toe section and a heel section to allow a variety of shoe sizes and types to be inserted. The overshoe is formed from a sole having a flexible shank connected to an upper member. The upper member includes a front section and a rear section with opposing side sections therebetween. Each of the opposing side sections and flexible shank includes a corrugated shape to allow expansion of a distance between the front and rear section; a flatter surface resulting in greater slip resistance. Channels formed along a toe section and heel section expand and contract to expel debris providing an anti-clog function to maintain material slip resistance of the overshoe. | 1. An overshoe comprising:
a one piece molded member defined by an upper member having a front section spaced apart from a rear section by opposing side sections, said side sections having a plurality of ridges and grooves, and a sole portion having a toe section positioned beneath said upper member and spaced apart from a heel section positioned beneath said rear section; a shank having a plurality of ridges and grooves formed integral to said member and positioned between said toe section and said heel section, said shank and said side sections forming a continuous U-shaped corrugated section; wherein said corrugated section having ridges and grooves of equal shape that are constructed and arranged to allow the stretching of said member between said front section and said rear section and said toe section and said heel section. 2. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein said corrugated section having a material thickness of about 1.5 mm thick formed from said ridges and grooves alternating between an inner surface and an outer surface about 5.0 mm width. 3. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein said ridges and grooves on said side sections are constructed and arranged to have a diminishing width extending from a rear edge of said shank towards said heel portion, and from a front edge of said shank towards said toe portion. 4. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein each said shank is indented from said heel section and said toe section by about 3.5 mm. 5. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein each said toe section and said heel section is about 2.0 mm thick. 6. The overshoe of claim 1, wherein said ridges and grooves are constructed and arranged to stretch substantially the same across said shank and said opposing side sections forming said corrugated section, and diminish in stretch along each said side section extending from a rear edge of said shank towards said heel portion, and diminish in stretch along said side section extending from a front edge of said shank towards said toe section. 7. The overshoe of claim 1, wherein said ridges and grooves are of varying heights and widths. 8. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein including a connecting band extending between said front section and said rear section along an upper edge of each said side sections, said connecting band of a predetermined stretch length. 9. The overshoe of claim 1 including raised ribs formed along an insole, said raised ribs allowing ease of shoe insertion and removal. 10. The overshoe of claim 1, wherein said toe section and said heel section include a non-slip tread design of a slip resistant material. 11. The overshoe of claim 10 wherein said slip resistant material has a hardness of about 0.49 Shore and a slip resistance rating between 0.56-0.65 when tested on a Brungraber Mark 2 Articulated Strut Slip Testing device. 12. The overshoe of claim 10 includes a plurality of channels formed along said toe section and said heel section, each said channel is constructed and arranged to expand and contract to provide active cleaning of the channels by expelling debris for maintaining slip resistance of the overshoe. | A slip resistant overshoe allowing expansion between a toe section and a heel section to allow a variety of shoe sizes and types to be inserted. The overshoe is formed from a sole having a flexible shank connected to an upper member. The upper member includes a front section and a rear section with opposing side sections therebetween. Each of the opposing side sections and flexible shank includes a corrugated shape to allow expansion of a distance between the front and rear section; a flatter surface resulting in greater slip resistance. Channels formed along a toe section and heel section expand and contract to expel debris providing an anti-clog function to maintain material slip resistance of the overshoe.1. An overshoe comprising:
a one piece molded member defined by an upper member having a front section spaced apart from a rear section by opposing side sections, said side sections having a plurality of ridges and grooves, and a sole portion having a toe section positioned beneath said upper member and spaced apart from a heel section positioned beneath said rear section; a shank having a plurality of ridges and grooves formed integral to said member and positioned between said toe section and said heel section, said shank and said side sections forming a continuous U-shaped corrugated section; wherein said corrugated section having ridges and grooves of equal shape that are constructed and arranged to allow the stretching of said member between said front section and said rear section and said toe section and said heel section. 2. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein said corrugated section having a material thickness of about 1.5 mm thick formed from said ridges and grooves alternating between an inner surface and an outer surface about 5.0 mm width. 3. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein said ridges and grooves on said side sections are constructed and arranged to have a diminishing width extending from a rear edge of said shank towards said heel portion, and from a front edge of said shank towards said toe portion. 4. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein each said shank is indented from said heel section and said toe section by about 3.5 mm. 5. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein each said toe section and said heel section is about 2.0 mm thick. 6. The overshoe of claim 1, wherein said ridges and grooves are constructed and arranged to stretch substantially the same across said shank and said opposing side sections forming said corrugated section, and diminish in stretch along each said side section extending from a rear edge of said shank towards said heel portion, and diminish in stretch along said side section extending from a front edge of said shank towards said toe section. 7. The overshoe of claim 1, wherein said ridges and grooves are of varying heights and widths. 8. The overshoe of claim 1 wherein including a connecting band extending between said front section and said rear section along an upper edge of each said side sections, said connecting band of a predetermined stretch length. 9. The overshoe of claim 1 including raised ribs formed along an insole, said raised ribs allowing ease of shoe insertion and removal. 10. The overshoe of claim 1, wherein said toe section and said heel section include a non-slip tread design of a slip resistant material. 11. The overshoe of claim 10 wherein said slip resistant material has a hardness of about 0.49 Shore and a slip resistance rating between 0.56-0.65 when tested on a Brungraber Mark 2 Articulated Strut Slip Testing device. 12. The overshoe of claim 10 includes a plurality of channels formed along said toe section and said heel section, each said channel is constructed and arranged to expand and contract to provide active cleaning of the channels by expelling debris for maintaining slip resistance of the overshoe. | 3,700 |
345,831 | 16,804,244 | 3,732 | A method for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system maintains a cache in the primary storage system. The cache includes a higher performance portion and a lower performance portion. The method monitors, in the cache, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system. The method maintains a regular LRU list designating an order in which data elements are demoted from the cache. The method determines whether a data element at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element. In the event the data element at the LRU end is an unmirrored data element, the method moves the data element from the higher performance portion to the lower performance portion. A corresponding system and computer program product are also disclosed. | 1. A method for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the method comprising:
maintaining a cache in the primary storage system to store data elements, the cache comprising a higher speed memory and a lower speed memory; monitoring, in the data elements of the cache, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system; maintaining a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which the data elements are demoted from the higher speed memory, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end; determining whether a data element referenced at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element; in the event the data element referenced at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory; maintaining a transfer-pending LRU list designating an order in which unmirrored data elements are demoted from the lower speed memory; upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the higher speed memory to the secondary storage system, leaving the unmirrored data element in the regular LRU list and demoting it from the higher speed memory in due course; and upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the lower speed memory to the secondary storage system, removing the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demoting it from the lower speed memory. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory comprises moving the data element from the higher speed memory to an area in the lower speed memory that is reserved for unmirrored data elements. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising maintaining a directory that indexes unmirrored data elements in the area. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the transfer-pending LRU list designates an order in which the unmirrored data elements are demoted from the area. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the area to the secondary storage system, removing the unmirrored data element from the directory. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the area comprises placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list comprises placing the data element in an MRU end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 8. A computer program product for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied therein, the computer-usable program code configured to perform the following when executed by at least one processor:
maintain a cache in the primary storage system to store data elements, the cache comprising a higher speed memory and a lower speed memory; monitor, in the data elements of the cache, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system; maintain a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which the data elements are demoted from the higher speed memory, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end; determine whether a data element referenced at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element; in the event the data element referenced at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, move the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory; maintain a transfer-pending LRU list designating an order in which unmirrored data elements are demoted from the lower speed memory; upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the higher speed memory to the secondary storage system, leave the unmirrored data element in the regular LRU list and demote it from the higher speed memory in due course; and upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the lower speed memory to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demote it from the lower speed memory. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory comprises moving the data element from the higher speed memory to an area in the lower speed memory that is reserved for unmirrored data elements. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to maintain a directory that indexes unmirrored data elements in the area. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the transfer-pending LRU list designates an order in which the unmirrored data elements are demoted from the area. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to, upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the area to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the directory. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the area comprises placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list comprises placing the data element in an MRU end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 15. A system for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory device operably coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions for execution on the at least one processor, the instructions causing the at least one processor to:
maintain a cache in the primary storage system to store data elements, the cache comprising a higher speed memory and a lower speed memory;
monitor, in the data elements of the cache, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system;
maintain a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which the data elements are demoted from the higher speed memory, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end;
determine whether a data element referenced at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element;
in the event the data element referenced at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, move the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory;
maintain a transfer-pending LRU list designating an order in which unmirrored data elements are demoted from the lower speed memory;
upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the higher speed memory to the secondary storage system, leave the unmirrored data element in the regular LRU list and demote it from the higher speed memory in due course; and
upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the lower speed memory to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demote it from the lower speed memory. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory comprises moving the data element from the higher speed memory to an area in the lower speed memory that is reserved for unmirrored data elements. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to maintain a directory that indexes unmirrored data elements in the area. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the transfer-pending LRU list designates an order in which the unmirrored data elements are demoted from the area. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to, upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the area to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the directory. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the area comprises placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list. | A method for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system maintains a cache in the primary storage system. The cache includes a higher performance portion and a lower performance portion. The method monitors, in the cache, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system. The method maintains a regular LRU list designating an order in which data elements are demoted from the cache. The method determines whether a data element at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element. In the event the data element at the LRU end is an unmirrored data element, the method moves the data element from the higher performance portion to the lower performance portion. A corresponding system and computer program product are also disclosed.1. A method for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the method comprising:
maintaining a cache in the primary storage system to store data elements, the cache comprising a higher speed memory and a lower speed memory; monitoring, in the data elements of the cache, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system; maintaining a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which the data elements are demoted from the higher speed memory, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end; determining whether a data element referenced at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element; in the event the data element referenced at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory; maintaining a transfer-pending LRU list designating an order in which unmirrored data elements are demoted from the lower speed memory; upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the higher speed memory to the secondary storage system, leaving the unmirrored data element in the regular LRU list and demoting it from the higher speed memory in due course; and upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the lower speed memory to the secondary storage system, removing the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demoting it from the lower speed memory. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory comprises moving the data element from the higher speed memory to an area in the lower speed memory that is reserved for unmirrored data elements. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising maintaining a directory that indexes unmirrored data elements in the area. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the transfer-pending LRU list designates an order in which the unmirrored data elements are demoted from the area. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the area to the secondary storage system, removing the unmirrored data element from the directory. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the area comprises placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list comprises placing the data element in an MRU end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 8. A computer program product for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied therein, the computer-usable program code configured to perform the following when executed by at least one processor:
maintain a cache in the primary storage system to store data elements, the cache comprising a higher speed memory and a lower speed memory; monitor, in the data elements of the cache, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system; maintain a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which the data elements are demoted from the higher speed memory, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end; determine whether a data element referenced at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element; in the event the data element referenced at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, move the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory; maintain a transfer-pending LRU list designating an order in which unmirrored data elements are demoted from the lower speed memory; upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the higher speed memory to the secondary storage system, leave the unmirrored data element in the regular LRU list and demote it from the higher speed memory in due course; and upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the lower speed memory to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demote it from the lower speed memory. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory comprises moving the data element from the higher speed memory to an area in the lower speed memory that is reserved for unmirrored data elements. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to maintain a directory that indexes unmirrored data elements in the area. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the transfer-pending LRU list designates an order in which the unmirrored data elements are demoted from the area. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to, upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the area to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the directory. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the area comprises placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list comprises placing the data element in an MRU end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 15. A system for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory device operably coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions for execution on the at least one processor, the instructions causing the at least one processor to:
maintain a cache in the primary storage system to store data elements, the cache comprising a higher speed memory and a lower speed memory;
monitor, in the data elements of the cache, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system;
maintain a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which the data elements are demoted from the higher speed memory, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end;
determine whether a data element referenced at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element;
in the event the data element referenced at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, move the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory;
maintain a transfer-pending LRU list designating an order in which unmirrored data elements are demoted from the lower speed memory;
upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the higher speed memory to the secondary storage system, leave the unmirrored data element in the regular LRU list and demote it from the higher speed memory in due course; and
upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the lower speed memory to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demote it from the lower speed memory. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the lower speed memory comprises moving the data element from the higher speed memory to an area in the lower speed memory that is reserved for unmirrored data elements. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to maintain a directory that indexes unmirrored data elements in the area. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the transfer-pending LRU list designates an order in which the unmirrored data elements are demoted from the area. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to, upon mirroring an unmirrored data element from the area to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the directory. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein moving the data element from the higher speed memory to the area comprises placing the data element in the transfer-pending LRU list. | 3,700 |
345,832 | 16,804,258 | 3,732 | Provided is an expandable metal centralizer for use in a wellbore. The expandable metal centralizer, in one aspect, includes a downhole tubular positionable on a downhole conveyance in a wellbore. In accordance with this aspect, the expandable metal centralizer additionally includes one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the downhole tubular or the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. | 1. An expandable metal centralizer for use in a wellbore, comprising:
a downhole tubular positionable on a downhole conveyance in a wellbore; and one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the downhole tubular or the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 2. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis and the one or more wellbore centralizing elements do not comprise a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 3. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprise a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis and the downhole tubular does not comprise a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 4. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular comprises a first metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis and the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprise a second metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 5. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 4, wherein the first metal and the second metal are different metals configured to expand at different rates in response to hydrolysis. 6. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 4, wherein the first metal and the second metal are the same metal configured to expand at a same rate in response to hydrolysis. 7. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 6, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements are integrally formed with the downhole tubular. 8. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements are three or more wellbore centralizing elements. 9. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 8, wherein the three or more wellbore centralizing elements are substantially equally radially spaced about the downhole tubular. 10. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 8, wherein the three or more wellbore centralizing elements extend along a length (L) of the downhole tubular. 11. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 10, wherein central axes of the three or more wellbore centralizing elements are substantially parallel to a central axis of the downhole tubular. 12. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 10, wherein the three or more wellbore centralizing elements spiral around the downhole tubular. 13. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular includes two segments that connect with respect to each other to form a tubular. 14. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular further includes one or more openings extending entirely through a wall thickness thereof for accepting a fastener for fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 15. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 14, wherein the one or more openings are one or more threaded openings having one or more set screws therein for fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 16. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, further including a pair of retaining rings positioned adjacent a proximal end and a distal end of the downhole tubular for axially fixing the downhole tubular on the downhole conveyance. 17. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 16, wherein each of the pair of retaining rings includes one or more threaded openings having one or more set screws therein for axially fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 18. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 16, wherein the pair of retaining rings allows the downhole tubular to spin about the downhole conveyance. 19. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 16, wherein the pair of retaining rings does not comprise the metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 20. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular is a single wellbore centralizing element that extends from and spirals at least 270 degrees around the downhole tubular. 21. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular are six or more nubs radially extending from and longitudinally spaced about the downhole tubular. 22. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular are six or more teeth extending from the downhole tubular. 23. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular is a first downhole tubular, the one or more wellbore centralizing elements are one or more first wellbore centralizing elements, and the metal is a first metal, and further including:
a second downhole tubular positionable on the downhole conveyance in the wellbore; and one or more second wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the second downhole tubular or the one or more second wellbore centralizing elements comprises a second metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 24. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular is a first downhole tubular, and further including a second downhole tubular, and further wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements are one or more bow spring elements extending between the first and second downhole tubulars. 25. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein a combined volume of the metal is sufficient to expand to anchor one or more downhole tools within the wellbore in response to the hydrolysis. 26. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 25, wherein the combined volume of the metal is sufficient to expand to anchor at least about 100,000 Newtons of weight within the wellbore. 27. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein a combined volume of the metal is sufficient to expand to seal an annulus between the downhole conveyance and wellbore casing. 28. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 27, wherein the combined volume of the metal is sufficient to expand to seal at least about 1,000 psi of pressure within the annulus. 29. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements extend radially outward from the wellbore tubular. 30. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements extend radially inward from the wellbore tubular. 31. A well system, comprising:
a wellbore positioned within a subterranean formation; a downhole conveyance located within the wellbore; and an expandable metal centralizer coupled to the downhole conveyance, the expandable metal centralizer including;
a downhole tubular positioned on the downhole conveyance; and
one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the downhole tubular or the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 32. The well system as recited in claim 31, wherein the downhole tubular further includes one or more threaded openings having one or more set screws therein for fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 33. The well system as recited in claim 31, further including a pair of retaining rings positioned adjacent a proximal end and a distal end of the downhole tubular, wherein each of the pair of retaining rings includes one or more threaded openings having one or more set screws therein for axially fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 34. The well system as recited in claim 31, wherein the pair of retaining rings allows the downhole tubular to spin about the downhole conveyance. 35. The well system as recited in claim 31, further including wellbore casing located within the wellbore, and further wherein the downhole conveyance is located within the wellbore casing forming an annulus there between, the metal expanded to engage the wellbore casing. 36. The well system as recited in claim 31, further including a downhole tool coupled to the downhole conveyance downhole of the expandable metal centralizer. 37. A method for centralizing a downhole conveyance, the method comprising:
positioning a downhole conveyance at a desired location within wellbore casing located within a wellbore of a subterranean formation, the downhole conveyance having an pre-expansion expandable metal centralizer coupled thereto, the pre-expansion expandable metal centralizer including;
a downhole tubular positioned on the downhole conveyance; and
one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the downhole tubular or the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis; and
subjecting the pre-expansion expandable metal centralizer to a wellbore fluid to expand the metal into contact with the wellbore casing. 38. The method as recited in claim 37, wherein the metal is configured to expand in response to one of magnesium hydrolysis, aluminum hydrolysis, calcium hydrolysis, and calcium oxide hydrolysis. 39. The method as recited in 37, wherein the hydrolysis forms a structure comprising one of a Brucite, Gibbsite, bayerite, and norstrandite. 40. The method as recited in claim 37, wherein the metal is a magnesium alloy or a magnesium alloy alloyed with at least one of Al, Zn, Mn, Zr, Y, Nd, Gd, Ag, Ca, Sn, and Re. | Provided is an expandable metal centralizer for use in a wellbore. The expandable metal centralizer, in one aspect, includes a downhole tubular positionable on a downhole conveyance in a wellbore. In accordance with this aspect, the expandable metal centralizer additionally includes one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the downhole tubular or the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis.1. An expandable metal centralizer for use in a wellbore, comprising:
a downhole tubular positionable on a downhole conveyance in a wellbore; and one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the downhole tubular or the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 2. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis and the one or more wellbore centralizing elements do not comprise a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 3. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprise a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis and the downhole tubular does not comprise a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 4. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular comprises a first metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis and the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprise a second metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 5. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 4, wherein the first metal and the second metal are different metals configured to expand at different rates in response to hydrolysis. 6. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 4, wherein the first metal and the second metal are the same metal configured to expand at a same rate in response to hydrolysis. 7. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 6, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements are integrally formed with the downhole tubular. 8. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements are three or more wellbore centralizing elements. 9. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 8, wherein the three or more wellbore centralizing elements are substantially equally radially spaced about the downhole tubular. 10. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 8, wherein the three or more wellbore centralizing elements extend along a length (L) of the downhole tubular. 11. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 10, wherein central axes of the three or more wellbore centralizing elements are substantially parallel to a central axis of the downhole tubular. 12. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 10, wherein the three or more wellbore centralizing elements spiral around the downhole tubular. 13. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular includes two segments that connect with respect to each other to form a tubular. 14. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular further includes one or more openings extending entirely through a wall thickness thereof for accepting a fastener for fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 15. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 14, wherein the one or more openings are one or more threaded openings having one or more set screws therein for fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 16. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, further including a pair of retaining rings positioned adjacent a proximal end and a distal end of the downhole tubular for axially fixing the downhole tubular on the downhole conveyance. 17. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 16, wherein each of the pair of retaining rings includes one or more threaded openings having one or more set screws therein for axially fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 18. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 16, wherein the pair of retaining rings allows the downhole tubular to spin about the downhole conveyance. 19. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 16, wherein the pair of retaining rings does not comprise the metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 20. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular is a single wellbore centralizing element that extends from and spirals at least 270 degrees around the downhole tubular. 21. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular are six or more nubs radially extending from and longitudinally spaced about the downhole tubular. 22. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular are six or more teeth extending from the downhole tubular. 23. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular is a first downhole tubular, the one or more wellbore centralizing elements are one or more first wellbore centralizing elements, and the metal is a first metal, and further including:
a second downhole tubular positionable on the downhole conveyance in the wellbore; and one or more second wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the second downhole tubular or the one or more second wellbore centralizing elements comprises a second metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 24. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the downhole tubular is a first downhole tubular, and further including a second downhole tubular, and further wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements are one or more bow spring elements extending between the first and second downhole tubulars. 25. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein a combined volume of the metal is sufficient to expand to anchor one or more downhole tools within the wellbore in response to the hydrolysis. 26. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 25, wherein the combined volume of the metal is sufficient to expand to anchor at least about 100,000 Newtons of weight within the wellbore. 27. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein a combined volume of the metal is sufficient to expand to seal an annulus between the downhole conveyance and wellbore casing. 28. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 27, wherein the combined volume of the metal is sufficient to expand to seal at least about 1,000 psi of pressure within the annulus. 29. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements extend radially outward from the wellbore tubular. 30. The expandable metal centralizer as recited in claim 1, wherein the one or more wellbore centralizing elements extend radially inward from the wellbore tubular. 31. A well system, comprising:
a wellbore positioned within a subterranean formation; a downhole conveyance located within the wellbore; and an expandable metal centralizer coupled to the downhole conveyance, the expandable metal centralizer including;
a downhole tubular positioned on the downhole conveyance; and
one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the downhole tubular or the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis. 32. The well system as recited in claim 31, wherein the downhole tubular further includes one or more threaded openings having one or more set screws therein for fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 33. The well system as recited in claim 31, further including a pair of retaining rings positioned adjacent a proximal end and a distal end of the downhole tubular, wherein each of the pair of retaining rings includes one or more threaded openings having one or more set screws therein for axially fixing the downhole tubular to the downhole conveyance. 34. The well system as recited in claim 31, wherein the pair of retaining rings allows the downhole tubular to spin about the downhole conveyance. 35. The well system as recited in claim 31, further including wellbore casing located within the wellbore, and further wherein the downhole conveyance is located within the wellbore casing forming an annulus there between, the metal expanded to engage the wellbore casing. 36. The well system as recited in claim 31, further including a downhole tool coupled to the downhole conveyance downhole of the expandable metal centralizer. 37. A method for centralizing a downhole conveyance, the method comprising:
positioning a downhole conveyance at a desired location within wellbore casing located within a wellbore of a subterranean formation, the downhole conveyance having an pre-expansion expandable metal centralizer coupled thereto, the pre-expansion expandable metal centralizer including;
a downhole tubular positioned on the downhole conveyance; and
one or more wellbore centralizing elements radially extending from the downhole tubular, wherein at least one of the downhole tubular or the one or more wellbore centralizing elements comprises a metal configured to expand in response to hydrolysis; and
subjecting the pre-expansion expandable metal centralizer to a wellbore fluid to expand the metal into contact with the wellbore casing. 38. The method as recited in claim 37, wherein the metal is configured to expand in response to one of magnesium hydrolysis, aluminum hydrolysis, calcium hydrolysis, and calcium oxide hydrolysis. 39. The method as recited in 37, wherein the hydrolysis forms a structure comprising one of a Brucite, Gibbsite, bayerite, and norstrandite. 40. The method as recited in claim 37, wherein the metal is a magnesium alloy or a magnesium alloy alloyed with at least one of Al, Zn, Mn, Zr, Y, Nd, Gd, Ag, Ca, Sn, and Re. | 3,700 |
345,833 | 16,804,223 | 3,732 | A liquid ejection apparatus includes: a recording head that ejects liquid; a sub-tank that is connected to the recording head and temporarily stores the liquid to be supplied to the recording head; a liquid tank that communicates with the sub-tank and is able to be filled with the liquid; a first atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the liquid tank; and a second atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the sub-tank. The second atmosphere opening unit is closable when the liquid tank is filled with the liquid, and the first atmosphere opening unit and the second atmosphere opening unit are able to open the liquid tank and the sub-tank to the atmosphere, respectively, when the sub-tank is filled with the liquid filled in the liquid tank by a hydraulic head pressure. | 1. A liquid ejection apparatus comprising:
a recording head that ejects liquid; a sub-tank that is connected to the recording head and temporarily stores the liquid to be supplied to the recording head; a liquid tank that communicates with the sub-tank and is able to be filled with the liquid; a first atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the liquid tank; and a second atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the sub-tank, wherein the second atmosphere opening unit is configured to be closable when the liquid tank is filled with the liquid, and the first atmosphere opening unit and the second atmosphere opening unit are configured to be able to open the liquid tank and the sub-tank to atmosphere, respectively, when the sub-tank is filled with the liquid filled in the liquid tank by a hydraulic head pressure. 2. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first atmosphere opening unit is a first valve provided in the liquid tank. 3. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first atmosphere opening unit is a liquid filling port provided in the liquid tank. 4. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a joint that passes through a liquid filling port provided in the liquid tank,
wherein the joint communicates with an external liquid filling unit during filling with the liquid and includes a liquid inflow path through which the liquid flows into the liquid tank and an air exhaust path through which air inside the liquid tank is exhausted, and an upper surface of the sub-tank is at a position higher than a lower end of the air exhaust path. 5. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the recording head has an ejection port forming surface in which an ejection port from which the liquid is ejected is formed, the liquid tank includes a liquid chamber in which the liquid is stored, a buffer chamber connected to the liquid chamber through a gas-liquid exchange port which interrupts a flow of the liquid and through which propagation of pressure is permitted, and a third atmosphere opening unit provided in the buffer chamber, and a bottom portion of the gas-liquid exchange port is located on a level lower than a level of the ejection port forming surface. 6. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an upper surface of the liquid tank is lower than a maximum liquid filling height of the sub-tank or an upper surface of the sub-tank. 7. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional area of the liquid tank in a horizontal direction is larger than a cross-sectional area of the sub-tank in the horizontal direction. 8. A liquid ejection apparatus comprising:
a recording head that ejects liquid; a sub-tank that is connected to the recording head and temporarily stores the liquid to be supplied to the recording head; a liquid tank that communicates with the sub-tank and is able to be filled with the liquid from outside; a first pressurization unit that is provided in the liquid tank; and a second atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the sub-tank, wherein the second atmosphere opening unit is configured to be closable when the liquid tank is filled with the liquid, and the second atmosphere opening unit is configured to be able to open the sub-tank to atmosphere when the sub-tank is filled with the liquid filled in the liquid tank by the first pressurization unit. 9. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a tube that connects the liquid tank to the sub-tank, wherein the second atmosphere opening unit is a check valve that is opened by a pressure larger than a vibration pressure generated in the sub-tank due to movement of the tube and smaller than a pressurizing pressure of the first pressurization unit. 10. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a joint that passes through a liquid filling port provided in the liquid tank,
wherein the joint communicates with an external liquid filling unit during filling with the liquid and includes a liquid inflow path through which the liquid flows into the liquid tank and an air exhaust path through which air inside the liquid tank is exhausted, and an upper surface of the sub-tank is at a position higher than a lower end of the air exhaust path. 11. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein the recording head has an ejection port forming surface in which an ejection port from which the liquid is ejected is formed, the liquid tank includes a liquid chamber in which the liquid is stored, a buffer chamber connected to the liquid chamber through a gas-liquid exchange port which interrupts a flow of the liquid and through which propagation of pressure is permitted, and a third atmosphere opening unit provided in the buffer chamber, and a bottom portion of the gas-liquid exchange port is located on a level lower than a level of the ejection port forming surface. 12. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein an upper surface of the liquid tank is lower than a maximum liquid filling height of the sub-tank or an upper surface of the sub-tank. 13. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a cross-sectional area of the liquid tank in a horizontal direction is larger than a cross-sectional area of the sub-tank in the horizontal direction. 14. A liquid filling method for a liquid ejection apparatus including a recording head that ejects liquid, a sub-tank that is connected to the recording head and temporarily stores the liquid to be supplied to the recording head, a liquid tank that communicates with the sub-tank and is able to be filled with the liquid from outside, a first atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the liquid tank, and a second atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the sub-tank, the liquid filling method comprising:
filling the liquid tank with the liquid to a level higher than a bottom surface of the sub-tank in a state in which the second atmosphere opening unit is closed; and filling the sub-tank with the liquid filled in the liquid tank by a hydraulic head pressure in a state in which the first atmosphere opening unit and the second atmosphere opening unit open the liquid tank and the sub-tank to atmosphere, respectively. 15. The liquid filling method according to claim 14,
wherein the recording head has an ejection port forming surface in which an ejection port from which the liquid is ejected is formed, the liquid tank includes a liquid chamber in which the liquid is stored, a buffer chamber connected to the liquid chamber through a gas-liquid exchange port and positioned on a level lower than a level of the ejection port forming surface, the gas-liquid exchange port interrupting a flow of the liquid and through which propagation of pressure is permitted, and a third atmosphere opening unit provided in the buffer chamber, a bottom portion of the gas-liquid exchange port is located on a level lower than a level of the ejection port forming surface, and the first and second atmosphere opening units are closed after the sub-tank is filled with the liquid and subsequently, the third atmosphere opening unit is opened. | A liquid ejection apparatus includes: a recording head that ejects liquid; a sub-tank that is connected to the recording head and temporarily stores the liquid to be supplied to the recording head; a liquid tank that communicates with the sub-tank and is able to be filled with the liquid; a first atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the liquid tank; and a second atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the sub-tank. The second atmosphere opening unit is closable when the liquid tank is filled with the liquid, and the first atmosphere opening unit and the second atmosphere opening unit are able to open the liquid tank and the sub-tank to the atmosphere, respectively, when the sub-tank is filled with the liquid filled in the liquid tank by a hydraulic head pressure.1. A liquid ejection apparatus comprising:
a recording head that ejects liquid; a sub-tank that is connected to the recording head and temporarily stores the liquid to be supplied to the recording head; a liquid tank that communicates with the sub-tank and is able to be filled with the liquid; a first atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the liquid tank; and a second atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the sub-tank, wherein the second atmosphere opening unit is configured to be closable when the liquid tank is filled with the liquid, and the first atmosphere opening unit and the second atmosphere opening unit are configured to be able to open the liquid tank and the sub-tank to atmosphere, respectively, when the sub-tank is filled with the liquid filled in the liquid tank by a hydraulic head pressure. 2. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first atmosphere opening unit is a first valve provided in the liquid tank. 3. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first atmosphere opening unit is a liquid filling port provided in the liquid tank. 4. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a joint that passes through a liquid filling port provided in the liquid tank,
wherein the joint communicates with an external liquid filling unit during filling with the liquid and includes a liquid inflow path through which the liquid flows into the liquid tank and an air exhaust path through which air inside the liquid tank is exhausted, and an upper surface of the sub-tank is at a position higher than a lower end of the air exhaust path. 5. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the recording head has an ejection port forming surface in which an ejection port from which the liquid is ejected is formed, the liquid tank includes a liquid chamber in which the liquid is stored, a buffer chamber connected to the liquid chamber through a gas-liquid exchange port which interrupts a flow of the liquid and through which propagation of pressure is permitted, and a third atmosphere opening unit provided in the buffer chamber, and a bottom portion of the gas-liquid exchange port is located on a level lower than a level of the ejection port forming surface. 6. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an upper surface of the liquid tank is lower than a maximum liquid filling height of the sub-tank or an upper surface of the sub-tank. 7. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional area of the liquid tank in a horizontal direction is larger than a cross-sectional area of the sub-tank in the horizontal direction. 8. A liquid ejection apparatus comprising:
a recording head that ejects liquid; a sub-tank that is connected to the recording head and temporarily stores the liquid to be supplied to the recording head; a liquid tank that communicates with the sub-tank and is able to be filled with the liquid from outside; a first pressurization unit that is provided in the liquid tank; and a second atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the sub-tank, wherein the second atmosphere opening unit is configured to be closable when the liquid tank is filled with the liquid, and the second atmosphere opening unit is configured to be able to open the sub-tank to atmosphere when the sub-tank is filled with the liquid filled in the liquid tank by the first pressurization unit. 9. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a tube that connects the liquid tank to the sub-tank, wherein the second atmosphere opening unit is a check valve that is opened by a pressure larger than a vibration pressure generated in the sub-tank due to movement of the tube and smaller than a pressurizing pressure of the first pressurization unit. 10. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a joint that passes through a liquid filling port provided in the liquid tank,
wherein the joint communicates with an external liquid filling unit during filling with the liquid and includes a liquid inflow path through which the liquid flows into the liquid tank and an air exhaust path through which air inside the liquid tank is exhausted, and an upper surface of the sub-tank is at a position higher than a lower end of the air exhaust path. 11. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein the recording head has an ejection port forming surface in which an ejection port from which the liquid is ejected is formed, the liquid tank includes a liquid chamber in which the liquid is stored, a buffer chamber connected to the liquid chamber through a gas-liquid exchange port which interrupts a flow of the liquid and through which propagation of pressure is permitted, and a third atmosphere opening unit provided in the buffer chamber, and a bottom portion of the gas-liquid exchange port is located on a level lower than a level of the ejection port forming surface. 12. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein an upper surface of the liquid tank is lower than a maximum liquid filling height of the sub-tank or an upper surface of the sub-tank. 13. The liquid ejection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a cross-sectional area of the liquid tank in a horizontal direction is larger than a cross-sectional area of the sub-tank in the horizontal direction. 14. A liquid filling method for a liquid ejection apparatus including a recording head that ejects liquid, a sub-tank that is connected to the recording head and temporarily stores the liquid to be supplied to the recording head, a liquid tank that communicates with the sub-tank and is able to be filled with the liquid from outside, a first atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the liquid tank, and a second atmosphere opening unit that is provided in the sub-tank, the liquid filling method comprising:
filling the liquid tank with the liquid to a level higher than a bottom surface of the sub-tank in a state in which the second atmosphere opening unit is closed; and filling the sub-tank with the liquid filled in the liquid tank by a hydraulic head pressure in a state in which the first atmosphere opening unit and the second atmosphere opening unit open the liquid tank and the sub-tank to atmosphere, respectively. 15. The liquid filling method according to claim 14,
wherein the recording head has an ejection port forming surface in which an ejection port from which the liquid is ejected is formed, the liquid tank includes a liquid chamber in which the liquid is stored, a buffer chamber connected to the liquid chamber through a gas-liquid exchange port and positioned on a level lower than a level of the ejection port forming surface, the gas-liquid exchange port interrupting a flow of the liquid and through which propagation of pressure is permitted, and a third atmosphere opening unit provided in the buffer chamber, a bottom portion of the gas-liquid exchange port is located on a level lower than a level of the ejection port forming surface, and the first and second atmosphere opening units are closed after the sub-tank is filled with the liquid and subsequently, the third atmosphere opening unit is opened. | 3,700 |
345,834 | 16,804,246 | 3,732 | A bill processing apparatus which is capable of reliably supplying information on a bill to the bill housing body side. The paper sheet processing apparatus has a bill housing part being capable of housing a bill inserted from a bill insertion slot, and also a reader/writer which wirelessly transmits information on the bill inserted from the bill insertion slot. The bill housing part has a coil antenna which wirelessly receives the information transmitted from the reader/writer, and a storage part which stores the information on the bill received from the coil antenna. | 1. A paper sheet processing apparatus comprising:
a stand; a main body disposed on the stand; a reader that reads information on a paper sheet inserted into a slot, the reader disposed on the main body; a transmitter that sends the information, the transmitter disposed on the main body; a housing that stores the paper sheet, the housing slidably mountable to the stand and demountable from the stand along a sliding direction; and a controller, wherein the housing comprises:
a placing plate on which the paper sheet is to be stacked;
a pair of regulatory members disposed on both sides of the placing plate;
a presser plate;
an antenna that receives the information wirelessly from the transmitter, is installed on an upper wall of the housing, and has a surface substantially parallel to the upper wall and facing the transmitter; and
a storage that stores the information on the paper sheet received through the antenna,
wherein the transmitter has a first surface substantially parallel to the surface of the antenna and a second surface substantially perpendicular to the surface of the antenna, the first surface broader than the second surface, wherein the main body comprises a wall, wherein the first surface of the transmitter is disposed on the wall of the main body, wherein the upper wall of the housing is substantially parallel to a ceiling plate of the stand during the sliding of the housing into the stand such that the first surface of the transmitter and the surface of the antenna are substantially parallel to each other, and wherein when detecting insertion of the paper sheet, the controller moves the presser plate at a first position to a second position such that the paper sheet passes through an opening formed between the pair of regulatory members, the first position being a position at which the presser plate is brought into the opening such that the opening through which the paper sheet passes is occluded. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a validator that determines validity of the paper sheet from the slot,
wherein the controller:
determines whether an input is received when the paper sheet is determined to be valid by the validator; and
transmits paper-sheet-reception information to the storage and a higher-rank device after the paper sheet is received in the housing. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller:
detects whether the housing is full after transmitting the paper-sheet-reception information; and generates a detection signal when the housing is detected to be full. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller moves the presser plate at the second position to a third position for pressing the paper sheet onto the placing plate and allows the presser plate to stay at the third position for a predetermined time, so as to place the paper sheet stably on the placing plate. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller sends deposit information of the paper sheet to a server after the presser plate moves from the third position to the first position. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the main body further comprises a pair of movable pieces disposed at an entrance of a paper sheet travelling route along which the paper sheet moves to the housing,
wherein the pair of movable pieces move apart from each other to open the paper sheet travelling route when the paper sheet is inserted, and wherein the pair of movable pieces move closer to each other until a distance between the pair of movable pieces becomes a predetermined minimum width to correct a position of the paper sheet. 7. A paper sheet processing apparatus comprising:
a stand; a main body disposed on the stand; a reader that reads information on paper sheets inserted into a slot, the reader disposed on the main body; a transmitter that sends the information, the transmitter disposed on the main body; a housing that stores the paper sheet, the housing slidably mountable to the stand and demountable from the stand along a sliding direction; a magnetic sensing unit; and a controller, wherein the housing comprises:
an antenna that receives the information wirelessly from the transmitter, is installed on an upper wall of the housing, and has a surface substantially parallel to the upper wall and facing the transmitter;
a storage that stores the information on the paper sheet received through the antenna;
a placing plate on which the paper sheet is to be stacked;
a pair of regulatory members disposed on both sides of the placing plate;
a presser plate; and
a spring that pushes the placing plate,
wherein the transmitter has a first surface substantially parallel to the surface of the antenna and a second surface substantially perpendicular to the surface of the antenna, the first surface broader than the second surface, wherein the main body comprises a wall, wherein the first surface of the transmitter is disposed on the wall of the main body, and wherein the upper wall of the housing is substantially parallel to a ceiling plate of the stand during the sliding of the housing into the stand such that the first surface of the transmitter and the surface of the antenna are substantially parallel to each other, wherein the magnetic sensing unit comprises at least one magnet that generates a magnetic field when the pushing plate reaches a predetermined position, wherein the controller:
transmits the information stored in the storage to a sever;
counts a number of paper sheets that are stacked in the housing after receiving the magnetic field,
informs to an external device that the housing is approaching a full state after the magnetic sensor receives the magnetic field and before the counted number exceeds a first threshold, and
stops storing the paper sheet into the housing when the counted number reaches a second threshold greater than the first threshold, and
wherein the controller moves the presser plate at a first position to a second position such that the paper sheet passes through an opening formed between the pair of regulatory members, the first position being a position at which the presser plate is brought into the opening such that the opening through which the paper sheet passes is occluded. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the server records and manages the information from the controller. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one magnet comprises two or more magnets disposed different locations of the placing plate along a pushing direction of the spring. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the information comprises a value and a time of stack of each stacked paper sheet and an ID of the apparatus. 11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the magnetic sensing unit further comprises a plurality of magnetic sensors that are arranged along a pressing direction of the pushing plate and generate detection signals, and
wherein the controller determines a number of paper sheets stacked on the housing based on the detection signals. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller moves the presser plate at the second position to a third position for pressing the paper sheet onto the placing plate and allows the presser plate to stay at the third position for a predetermined time, so as to place the paper sheet stably on the placing plate. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the controller sends deposit information of the paper sheet to a server after the presser plate moves from the third position to the first position. 14. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the main body further comprises a pair of movable pieces disposed at an entrance of a paper sheet travelling route along which the paper sheet moves from the slot to the housing,
wherein the pair of movable pieces move apart from each other to open the paper sheet travelling route when the paper sheet is inserted, and wherein the pair of movable pieces move closer to each other until a distance between the pair of movable pieces becomes a predetermined minimum width to correct a position of the paper sheet. | A bill processing apparatus which is capable of reliably supplying information on a bill to the bill housing body side. The paper sheet processing apparatus has a bill housing part being capable of housing a bill inserted from a bill insertion slot, and also a reader/writer which wirelessly transmits information on the bill inserted from the bill insertion slot. The bill housing part has a coil antenna which wirelessly receives the information transmitted from the reader/writer, and a storage part which stores the information on the bill received from the coil antenna.1. A paper sheet processing apparatus comprising:
a stand; a main body disposed on the stand; a reader that reads information on a paper sheet inserted into a slot, the reader disposed on the main body; a transmitter that sends the information, the transmitter disposed on the main body; a housing that stores the paper sheet, the housing slidably mountable to the stand and demountable from the stand along a sliding direction; and a controller, wherein the housing comprises:
a placing plate on which the paper sheet is to be stacked;
a pair of regulatory members disposed on both sides of the placing plate;
a presser plate;
an antenna that receives the information wirelessly from the transmitter, is installed on an upper wall of the housing, and has a surface substantially parallel to the upper wall and facing the transmitter; and
a storage that stores the information on the paper sheet received through the antenna,
wherein the transmitter has a first surface substantially parallel to the surface of the antenna and a second surface substantially perpendicular to the surface of the antenna, the first surface broader than the second surface, wherein the main body comprises a wall, wherein the first surface of the transmitter is disposed on the wall of the main body, wherein the upper wall of the housing is substantially parallel to a ceiling plate of the stand during the sliding of the housing into the stand such that the first surface of the transmitter and the surface of the antenna are substantially parallel to each other, and wherein when detecting insertion of the paper sheet, the controller moves the presser plate at a first position to a second position such that the paper sheet passes through an opening formed between the pair of regulatory members, the first position being a position at which the presser plate is brought into the opening such that the opening through which the paper sheet passes is occluded. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a validator that determines validity of the paper sheet from the slot,
wherein the controller:
determines whether an input is received when the paper sheet is determined to be valid by the validator; and
transmits paper-sheet-reception information to the storage and a higher-rank device after the paper sheet is received in the housing. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller:
detects whether the housing is full after transmitting the paper-sheet-reception information; and generates a detection signal when the housing is detected to be full. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller moves the presser plate at the second position to a third position for pressing the paper sheet onto the placing plate and allows the presser plate to stay at the third position for a predetermined time, so as to place the paper sheet stably on the placing plate. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller sends deposit information of the paper sheet to a server after the presser plate moves from the third position to the first position. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the main body further comprises a pair of movable pieces disposed at an entrance of a paper sheet travelling route along which the paper sheet moves to the housing,
wherein the pair of movable pieces move apart from each other to open the paper sheet travelling route when the paper sheet is inserted, and wherein the pair of movable pieces move closer to each other until a distance between the pair of movable pieces becomes a predetermined minimum width to correct a position of the paper sheet. 7. A paper sheet processing apparatus comprising:
a stand; a main body disposed on the stand; a reader that reads information on paper sheets inserted into a slot, the reader disposed on the main body; a transmitter that sends the information, the transmitter disposed on the main body; a housing that stores the paper sheet, the housing slidably mountable to the stand and demountable from the stand along a sliding direction; a magnetic sensing unit; and a controller, wherein the housing comprises:
an antenna that receives the information wirelessly from the transmitter, is installed on an upper wall of the housing, and has a surface substantially parallel to the upper wall and facing the transmitter;
a storage that stores the information on the paper sheet received through the antenna;
a placing plate on which the paper sheet is to be stacked;
a pair of regulatory members disposed on both sides of the placing plate;
a presser plate; and
a spring that pushes the placing plate,
wherein the transmitter has a first surface substantially parallel to the surface of the antenna and a second surface substantially perpendicular to the surface of the antenna, the first surface broader than the second surface, wherein the main body comprises a wall, wherein the first surface of the transmitter is disposed on the wall of the main body, and wherein the upper wall of the housing is substantially parallel to a ceiling plate of the stand during the sliding of the housing into the stand such that the first surface of the transmitter and the surface of the antenna are substantially parallel to each other, wherein the magnetic sensing unit comprises at least one magnet that generates a magnetic field when the pushing plate reaches a predetermined position, wherein the controller:
transmits the information stored in the storage to a sever;
counts a number of paper sheets that are stacked in the housing after receiving the magnetic field,
informs to an external device that the housing is approaching a full state after the magnetic sensor receives the magnetic field and before the counted number exceeds a first threshold, and
stops storing the paper sheet into the housing when the counted number reaches a second threshold greater than the first threshold, and
wherein the controller moves the presser plate at a first position to a second position such that the paper sheet passes through an opening formed between the pair of regulatory members, the first position being a position at which the presser plate is brought into the opening such that the opening through which the paper sheet passes is occluded. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the server records and manages the information from the controller. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one magnet comprises two or more magnets disposed different locations of the placing plate along a pushing direction of the spring. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the information comprises a value and a time of stack of each stacked paper sheet and an ID of the apparatus. 11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the magnetic sensing unit further comprises a plurality of magnetic sensors that are arranged along a pressing direction of the pushing plate and generate detection signals, and
wherein the controller determines a number of paper sheets stacked on the housing based on the detection signals. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller moves the presser plate at the second position to a third position for pressing the paper sheet onto the placing plate and allows the presser plate to stay at the third position for a predetermined time, so as to place the paper sheet stably on the placing plate. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the controller sends deposit information of the paper sheet to a server after the presser plate moves from the third position to the first position. 14. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the main body further comprises a pair of movable pieces disposed at an entrance of a paper sheet travelling route along which the paper sheet moves from the slot to the housing,
wherein the pair of movable pieces move apart from each other to open the paper sheet travelling route when the paper sheet is inserted, and wherein the pair of movable pieces move closer to each other until a distance between the pair of movable pieces becomes a predetermined minimum width to correct a position of the paper sheet. | 3,700 |
345,835 | 16,804,260 | 3,732 | According to an embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a magnetic disk, a magnetic head, and a controller. The magnetic disk records servo marks thereon. The controller determines, based on a time interval at which the servo marks are read by the magnetic head, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from a first state where a position of the magnetic disk device does not vary with time to a second state where a position of the magnetic disk device varies with time. | 1. A magnetic disk device comprising:
a magnetic disk on which servo marks are recorded; a magnetic head; and a controller that determines, based on a time interval at which the servo marks are read by the magnetic head, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from a first state where a position of the magnetic disk device does not vary with time to a second state where a position of the magnetic disk device varies with time. 2. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller starts loop shaping control for positioning the magnetic head, in a case that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 3. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller determines whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state, based on comparison between a first value that is a difference of the time interval from a second value, and a third value. 4. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the second state is a state where vibration occurs at the position. 5. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller determines, based on comparison between a first value and a second value, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state, the first value being an amount of a change of a third value in time, the third value being a difference of the time interval from a fourth value. 6. The magnetic disk device according to claim 5, wherein
the controller performs control to retract the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 7. The magnetic disk device according to claim 5, wherein
the controller performs control to stop writing to the magnetic disk by the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 8. The magnetic disk device according to claim 5, wherein
the second state is a state where the position varies due to a shock applied to the magnetic disk device. 9. The magnetic disk device according to claim 3, wherein
the controller changes a write frequency for writing data to the magnetic disk by an amount corresponding to the first value. 10. The magnetic disk device according to claim 5, wherein
the controller changes a write frequency for writing data to the magnetic disk by an amount corresponding to the first value. 11. A method of controlling a magnetic disk device, comprising:
measuring a time interval at which servo marks are read by a magnetic head, the servo marks being recorded on a magnetic disk of the magnetic disk device; and determining, based on the time interval, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from a first state where a position of the magnetic disk device does not vary with time to a second state where a position of the magnetic disk varies with time. 12. The method according to claim 11 further comprising
starting loop shaping control for positioning the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 13. The method according to claim 11 wherein
the determining includes
calculating a first value, the first value being a difference of the time interval from a second value; and
determining, based on comparison between the first value and a third value, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the second state is a state where vibration occurs at the position. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the determining includes: calculating a first value, the first value being a difference of the time interval from a second value; calculating a third value, the third value being an amount of a change of the first value in time; and determining, based on comparison between the third value and a fourth value, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising
performing control to retract the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising
performing control to stop writing to the magnetic disk by the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein
the second state is a state where the position varies due to a shock applied to the magnetic disk device. 19. The method according to claim 13, further comprising
changing a write frequency for writing data to the magnetic disk by an amount corresponding to the first value. 20. The method according to claim 15, further comprising
changing a write frequency for writing data to the magnetic disk by an amount corresponding to the first value. | According to an embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a magnetic disk, a magnetic head, and a controller. The magnetic disk records servo marks thereon. The controller determines, based on a time interval at which the servo marks are read by the magnetic head, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from a first state where a position of the magnetic disk device does not vary with time to a second state where a position of the magnetic disk device varies with time.1. A magnetic disk device comprising:
a magnetic disk on which servo marks are recorded; a magnetic head; and a controller that determines, based on a time interval at which the servo marks are read by the magnetic head, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from a first state where a position of the magnetic disk device does not vary with time to a second state where a position of the magnetic disk device varies with time. 2. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller starts loop shaping control for positioning the magnetic head, in a case that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 3. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller determines whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state, based on comparison between a first value that is a difference of the time interval from a second value, and a third value. 4. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the second state is a state where vibration occurs at the position. 5. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller determines, based on comparison between a first value and a second value, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state, the first value being an amount of a change of a third value in time, the third value being a difference of the time interval from a fourth value. 6. The magnetic disk device according to claim 5, wherein
the controller performs control to retract the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 7. The magnetic disk device according to claim 5, wherein
the controller performs control to stop writing to the magnetic disk by the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 8. The magnetic disk device according to claim 5, wherein
the second state is a state where the position varies due to a shock applied to the magnetic disk device. 9. The magnetic disk device according to claim 3, wherein
the controller changes a write frequency for writing data to the magnetic disk by an amount corresponding to the first value. 10. The magnetic disk device according to claim 5, wherein
the controller changes a write frequency for writing data to the magnetic disk by an amount corresponding to the first value. 11. A method of controlling a magnetic disk device, comprising:
measuring a time interval at which servo marks are read by a magnetic head, the servo marks being recorded on a magnetic disk of the magnetic disk device; and determining, based on the time interval, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from a first state where a position of the magnetic disk device does not vary with time to a second state where a position of the magnetic disk varies with time. 12. The method according to claim 11 further comprising
starting loop shaping control for positioning the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 13. The method according to claim 11 wherein
the determining includes
calculating a first value, the first value being a difference of the time interval from a second value; and
determining, based on comparison between the first value and a third value, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the second state is a state where vibration occurs at the position. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the determining includes: calculating a first value, the first value being a difference of the time interval from a second value; calculating a third value, the third value being an amount of a change of the first value in time; and determining, based on comparison between the third value and a fourth value, whether the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising
performing control to retract the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising
performing control to stop writing to the magnetic disk by the magnetic head, in response to determining that the magnetic disk device has transitioned from the first state to the second state. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein
the second state is a state where the position varies due to a shock applied to the magnetic disk device. 19. The method according to claim 13, further comprising
changing a write frequency for writing data to the magnetic disk by an amount corresponding to the first value. 20. The method according to claim 15, further comprising
changing a write frequency for writing data to the magnetic disk by an amount corresponding to the first value. | 3,700 |
345,836 | 16,804,235 | 3,732 | An apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a temperature controlling member configured to heat or cool a conveyed substrate to which a liquid is applied, the conveyed substrate contacting an outer peripheral surface of the temperature controlling member; and an upstream inlet air unit configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, the upstream inlet air unit being provided upstream of a contact location of the substrate with the temperature controlling member, in a conveying direction. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a temperature controlling member configured to heat or cool a conveyed substrate to which a liquid is applied, the conveyed substrate contacting an outer peripheral surface of the temperature controlling member; and an upstream inlet air unit configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, the upstream inlet air unit being provided upstream of a contact location of the substrate with the temperature controlling member, in a conveying direction. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an upstream support member disposed upstream of the contact location in the conveying direction and in proximity to the upstream inlet air unit, and
wherein the upstream inlet air unit is disposed between the upstream support member and the contact location. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the upstream inlet air unit includes an intake duct that covers a space between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, upstream of the contact location in the conveying direction, and
the substrate and the temperature controlling member being configured to contact respective portions of outer peripheries of the intake duct. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the intake duct includes a contact layer at a position where a given outer periphery of the intake duct contacts the substrate, the contact layer having a friction coefficient against the substrate that is smaller than a friction coefficient of the intake duct against the substrate. 5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the intake duct includes an inlet port for drawing air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, and
wherein a width of the inlet port in a width direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the substrate is larger than a width of the substrate. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the upstream inlet air unit includes respective control members at both sides of the inlet port in the width direction, each control member being configured to control air being drawn through the inlet port. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a downstream inlet air unit configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, the downstream inlet air unit being provided downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a downstream support member disposed downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction and in proximity to the downstream inlet air unit, and
wherein the downstream inlet air unit is disposed between the downstream support member and the contact location. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the temperature controlling member includes a fixed unit disposed in a predetermined location, with reference to the outer peripheral surface of the temperature controlling member, and
wherein at least one among the upstream inlet air unit and the downstream inlet air unit is fixed with respect to the fixed unit. 10. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a dual inlet air unit configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, upstream of the contact location in the conveying direction and downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the temperature controlling member includes a fixed unit disposed in a predetermined location, with reference to the outer peripheral surface of the temperature controlling member, and
wherein the dual inlet air unit is fixed with respect to the fixed unit. 12. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a plurality of dual inlet air units configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, each dual inlet air unit being provided upstream of the contact location in the conveying direction and downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising an attractive force-generating unit configured to generate an attractive force to draw air, and
wherein each of the plurality of inlet air units is connected to a pipe to allow air to flow into a given inlet air unit from among the inlet air units, each inlet air unit being configured to draw the air by the attractive force. 14. An inlet air unit for releasably being held by an apparatus, the inlet air unit comprising;
a fixed unit disposed in a predetermined location, with reference to an outer peripheral surface of a given temperature controlling member from among a plurality of temperature controlling members of an apparatus, each temperature controlling member being configured to heat or cool a conveyed substrate to which a liquid is applied, the conveyed substrate contacting the outer peripheral surface of the given temperature controlling member; at least one from among an upstream air inlet unit and a downstream air inlet unit, the upstream inlet air unit being configured to draw air between the substrate and the given temperature controlling member, the upstream inlet air unit being provided upstream of a contact location of the substrate with the given temperature controlling member, in a conveying direction, the downstream inlet air unit being configured to draw air between the substrate and the given temperature controlling member, the downstream inlet air unit being provided downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction; and a holding unit configured to hold the at least one from among the upstream air inlet unit and the downstream air inlet unit, the holding unit being configured to be detached from the fixed unit. 15. A liquid discharging apparatus comprising:
a liquid applying unit configured to apply a liquid to a substrate; and the apparatus according to claim 1. | An apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a temperature controlling member configured to heat or cool a conveyed substrate to which a liquid is applied, the conveyed substrate contacting an outer peripheral surface of the temperature controlling member; and an upstream inlet air unit configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, the upstream inlet air unit being provided upstream of a contact location of the substrate with the temperature controlling member, in a conveying direction.1. An apparatus comprising:
a temperature controlling member configured to heat or cool a conveyed substrate to which a liquid is applied, the conveyed substrate contacting an outer peripheral surface of the temperature controlling member; and an upstream inlet air unit configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, the upstream inlet air unit being provided upstream of a contact location of the substrate with the temperature controlling member, in a conveying direction. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an upstream support member disposed upstream of the contact location in the conveying direction and in proximity to the upstream inlet air unit, and
wherein the upstream inlet air unit is disposed between the upstream support member and the contact location. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the upstream inlet air unit includes an intake duct that covers a space between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, upstream of the contact location in the conveying direction, and
the substrate and the temperature controlling member being configured to contact respective portions of outer peripheries of the intake duct. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the intake duct includes a contact layer at a position where a given outer periphery of the intake duct contacts the substrate, the contact layer having a friction coefficient against the substrate that is smaller than a friction coefficient of the intake duct against the substrate. 5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the intake duct includes an inlet port for drawing air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, and
wherein a width of the inlet port in a width direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the substrate is larger than a width of the substrate. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the upstream inlet air unit includes respective control members at both sides of the inlet port in the width direction, each control member being configured to control air being drawn through the inlet port. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a downstream inlet air unit configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, the downstream inlet air unit being provided downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a downstream support member disposed downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction and in proximity to the downstream inlet air unit, and
wherein the downstream inlet air unit is disposed between the downstream support member and the contact location. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the temperature controlling member includes a fixed unit disposed in a predetermined location, with reference to the outer peripheral surface of the temperature controlling member, and
wherein at least one among the upstream inlet air unit and the downstream inlet air unit is fixed with respect to the fixed unit. 10. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a dual inlet air unit configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, upstream of the contact location in the conveying direction and downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the temperature controlling member includes a fixed unit disposed in a predetermined location, with reference to the outer peripheral surface of the temperature controlling member, and
wherein the dual inlet air unit is fixed with respect to the fixed unit. 12. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a plurality of dual inlet air units configured to draw air between the substrate and the temperature controlling member, each dual inlet air unit being provided upstream of the contact location in the conveying direction and downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising an attractive force-generating unit configured to generate an attractive force to draw air, and
wherein each of the plurality of inlet air units is connected to a pipe to allow air to flow into a given inlet air unit from among the inlet air units, each inlet air unit being configured to draw the air by the attractive force. 14. An inlet air unit for releasably being held by an apparatus, the inlet air unit comprising;
a fixed unit disposed in a predetermined location, with reference to an outer peripheral surface of a given temperature controlling member from among a plurality of temperature controlling members of an apparatus, each temperature controlling member being configured to heat or cool a conveyed substrate to which a liquid is applied, the conveyed substrate contacting the outer peripheral surface of the given temperature controlling member; at least one from among an upstream air inlet unit and a downstream air inlet unit, the upstream inlet air unit being configured to draw air between the substrate and the given temperature controlling member, the upstream inlet air unit being provided upstream of a contact location of the substrate with the given temperature controlling member, in a conveying direction, the downstream inlet air unit being configured to draw air between the substrate and the given temperature controlling member, the downstream inlet air unit being provided downstream of the contact location in the conveying direction; and a holding unit configured to hold the at least one from among the upstream air inlet unit and the downstream air inlet unit, the holding unit being configured to be detached from the fixed unit. 15. A liquid discharging apparatus comprising:
a liquid applying unit configured to apply a liquid to a substrate; and the apparatus according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
345,837 | 16,804,252 | 3,732 | A resonator includes a vibration portion with upper and lower electrodes with a piezoelectric film disposed therebetween. Moreover, a protective film is provided to face the piezoelectric film with the upper electrode interposed therebetween and is exposed in a first region in the vibration portion. A conductive film is provided to face the piezoelectric film with the protective film interposed therebetween and is exposed in a second region that is adjacent to the first region in the vibration portion. A connection electrode is formed in the protective film to electrically connect the conductive film to the lower electrode. The upper electrode is formed such that an area of a region overlapping the conductive film is equal to or smaller than half of a total area of the conductive film and/or avoids the region overlapping the conductive film. | 1. A resonator comprising:
a vibration portion including:
an upper electrode and a lower electrode,
a piezoelectric film disposed between the upper and lower electrodes and having a main surface that faces the upper electrode,
a protective film comprising an insulator and facing the main surface of the piezoelectric film with the upper electrode interposed therebetween, such that the protective film is exposed in a first region in the vibration portion,
a conductive film facing the main surface of the piezoelectric film with the protective film interposed therebetween, such that the conductive film is exposed in a second region in the vibration portion that is adjacent to the first region, and
a connection electrode disposed in the protective film that electrically connects the conductive film to the lower electrode; and
a frame that surrounds at least a part of the vibration portion; and a holding arm that connects the vibration portion to the holding portion, wherein the upper electrode comprises an area of a region that overlaps the conductive film that is equal to or smaller than half of a total area of the conductive film. 2. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the upper electrode does not overlap the conductive film in a direction orthogonal to the main surface of the piezoelectric film. 3. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration portion is configured to vibrate in a predetermined vibration mode when a voltage is applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. 4. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the protective film comprises a piezoelectric material. 5. The resonator according to claim 4, wherein the piezoelectric material of the protective film comprises a same orientation direction as the piezoelectric film of the vibration portion. 6. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the connection electrode is a via electrode that extends through at least the protective film. 7. The resonator according to claim 6, wherein the via electrode extends through the piezoelectric film and is electrically connected to the lower electrode of the vibration portion. 8. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration portion includes a base having a front end and a rear end that opposes the front end, and at least one vibration arm that has a fixed end coupled to the front end of the base and an open end opposite the fixed end and configured to perform bending vibration. 9. The resonator according to claim 7, wherein the second region is disposed at the open end of the at least one vibration arm. 10. The resonator according to claim 8, further comprising a metal film disposed on an outer side of the at least one vibration arm to face a side surface of the frame, with the metal film connecting the connection electrode to the lower electrode. 11. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration portion comprises a rectangular vibration shape in which the piezoelectric film is configured to perform contour vibration when a voltage applied to the piezoelectric film, with the rectangular vibration shape having long sides parallel to nodes of the contour vibration of the piezoelectric film and short sides orthogonal to the nodes of the contour vibration of the piezoelectric film, such that the short sides correspond to a half wavelength of the contour vibration. 12. The resonator according to claim 11, wherein the second region comprises a plurality of regions disposed at respective corners of the vibration region. 13. A resonator comprising:
an upper electrode; a lower electrode; a piezoelectric film disposed between the upper and lower electrodes; a protective film comprising an insulator and disposed above the upper electrode on a side opposite to the piezoelectric film; a conductive film disposed above the protective film on a side opposite to the upper electrode; and a connection electrode disposed in the protective film that electrically connects the conductive film to the lower electrode, wherein the upper electrode overlaps the conductive film in a direction orthogonal to a main surface of the piezoelectric film in an overlapping region that is equal to or smaller than half of a total surface area of the conductive film. 14. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the protective film is disposed in a first region above the piezoelectric film, and the conductive film is disposed in a second region above the piezoelectric film that is adjacent to the first region. 15. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the upper electrode does not overlap the conductive film in the direction orthogonal to the main surface of the piezoelectric film. 16. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the resonator is configured to vibrate in a predetermined vibration mode when a voltage is applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. 17. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the protective film comprises a piezoelectric material that has a same orientation direction as the piezoelectric film. 18. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the connection electrode is a via electrode that extends through at least the protective film. 19. The resonator according to claim 18, wherein the via electrode extends through the piezoelectric film and is electrically connected to the lower electrode of the vibration portion. 20. A resonance device comprising:
a resonator that includes:
a vibration portion having:
an upper electrode and a lower electrode,
a piezoelectric film disposed between the upper and lower electrodes and having a main surface that faces the upper electrode,
a protective film comprising an insulator and facing the main surface of the piezoelectric film with the upper electrode interposed therebetween, such that the protective film is exposed in a first region in the vibration portion,
a conductive film facing the main surface of the piezoelectric film with the protective film interposed therebetween, such that the conductive film is exposed in a second region in the vibration portion that is adjacent to the first region, and
a connection electrode disposed in the protective film that electrically connects the conductive film to the lower electrode; and
a frame that surrounds at least a part of the vibration portion; and
a holding arm that connects the vibration portion to the holding portion,
wherein the upper electrode comprises an area of a region that overlaps the conductive film that is equal to or smaller than half of a total area of the conductive film;
an upper lid and a lower lid that face each other with the resonator interposed therebetween; and an outer electrode. | A resonator includes a vibration portion with upper and lower electrodes with a piezoelectric film disposed therebetween. Moreover, a protective film is provided to face the piezoelectric film with the upper electrode interposed therebetween and is exposed in a first region in the vibration portion. A conductive film is provided to face the piezoelectric film with the protective film interposed therebetween and is exposed in a second region that is adjacent to the first region in the vibration portion. A connection electrode is formed in the protective film to electrically connect the conductive film to the lower electrode. The upper electrode is formed such that an area of a region overlapping the conductive film is equal to or smaller than half of a total area of the conductive film and/or avoids the region overlapping the conductive film.1. A resonator comprising:
a vibration portion including:
an upper electrode and a lower electrode,
a piezoelectric film disposed between the upper and lower electrodes and having a main surface that faces the upper electrode,
a protective film comprising an insulator and facing the main surface of the piezoelectric film with the upper electrode interposed therebetween, such that the protective film is exposed in a first region in the vibration portion,
a conductive film facing the main surface of the piezoelectric film with the protective film interposed therebetween, such that the conductive film is exposed in a second region in the vibration portion that is adjacent to the first region, and
a connection electrode disposed in the protective film that electrically connects the conductive film to the lower electrode; and
a frame that surrounds at least a part of the vibration portion; and a holding arm that connects the vibration portion to the holding portion, wherein the upper electrode comprises an area of a region that overlaps the conductive film that is equal to or smaller than half of a total area of the conductive film. 2. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the upper electrode does not overlap the conductive film in a direction orthogonal to the main surface of the piezoelectric film. 3. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration portion is configured to vibrate in a predetermined vibration mode when a voltage is applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. 4. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the protective film comprises a piezoelectric material. 5. The resonator according to claim 4, wherein the piezoelectric material of the protective film comprises a same orientation direction as the piezoelectric film of the vibration portion. 6. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the connection electrode is a via electrode that extends through at least the protective film. 7. The resonator according to claim 6, wherein the via electrode extends through the piezoelectric film and is electrically connected to the lower electrode of the vibration portion. 8. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration portion includes a base having a front end and a rear end that opposes the front end, and at least one vibration arm that has a fixed end coupled to the front end of the base and an open end opposite the fixed end and configured to perform bending vibration. 9. The resonator according to claim 7, wherein the second region is disposed at the open end of the at least one vibration arm. 10. The resonator according to claim 8, further comprising a metal film disposed on an outer side of the at least one vibration arm to face a side surface of the frame, with the metal film connecting the connection electrode to the lower electrode. 11. The resonator according to claim 1, wherein the vibration portion comprises a rectangular vibration shape in which the piezoelectric film is configured to perform contour vibration when a voltage applied to the piezoelectric film, with the rectangular vibration shape having long sides parallel to nodes of the contour vibration of the piezoelectric film and short sides orthogonal to the nodes of the contour vibration of the piezoelectric film, such that the short sides correspond to a half wavelength of the contour vibration. 12. The resonator according to claim 11, wherein the second region comprises a plurality of regions disposed at respective corners of the vibration region. 13. A resonator comprising:
an upper electrode; a lower electrode; a piezoelectric film disposed between the upper and lower electrodes; a protective film comprising an insulator and disposed above the upper electrode on a side opposite to the piezoelectric film; a conductive film disposed above the protective film on a side opposite to the upper electrode; and a connection electrode disposed in the protective film that electrically connects the conductive film to the lower electrode, wherein the upper electrode overlaps the conductive film in a direction orthogonal to a main surface of the piezoelectric film in an overlapping region that is equal to or smaller than half of a total surface area of the conductive film. 14. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the protective film is disposed in a first region above the piezoelectric film, and the conductive film is disposed in a second region above the piezoelectric film that is adjacent to the first region. 15. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the upper electrode does not overlap the conductive film in the direction orthogonal to the main surface of the piezoelectric film. 16. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the resonator is configured to vibrate in a predetermined vibration mode when a voltage is applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. 17. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the protective film comprises a piezoelectric material that has a same orientation direction as the piezoelectric film. 18. The resonator according to claim 13, wherein the connection electrode is a via electrode that extends through at least the protective film. 19. The resonator according to claim 18, wherein the via electrode extends through the piezoelectric film and is electrically connected to the lower electrode of the vibration portion. 20. A resonance device comprising:
a resonator that includes:
a vibration portion having:
an upper electrode and a lower electrode,
a piezoelectric film disposed between the upper and lower electrodes and having a main surface that faces the upper electrode,
a protective film comprising an insulator and facing the main surface of the piezoelectric film with the upper electrode interposed therebetween, such that the protective film is exposed in a first region in the vibration portion,
a conductive film facing the main surface of the piezoelectric film with the protective film interposed therebetween, such that the conductive film is exposed in a second region in the vibration portion that is adjacent to the first region, and
a connection electrode disposed in the protective film that electrically connects the conductive film to the lower electrode; and
a frame that surrounds at least a part of the vibration portion; and
a holding arm that connects the vibration portion to the holding portion,
wherein the upper electrode comprises an area of a region that overlaps the conductive film that is equal to or smaller than half of a total area of the conductive film;
an upper lid and a lower lid that face each other with the resonator interposed therebetween; and an outer electrode. | 3,700 |
345,838 | 16,804,231 | 3,732 | An apparatus used in securing together a bundle of conductors has a support structure with an edge surface having a plurality of notches provided in the edge surface. Each notch of the plurality of notches has an open space dimensioned for receiving a bundle of conductors in the open space. A plurality of clamps are provided that are attachable to the edge surface with each clamp extending over a notch of the plurality of notches and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of the notch. The clamps attached to the edge surface of the support structure over the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch in the edge surface secures the bundle of conductors in the open space of the notch. | 1. An apparatus for securing together a bundle of conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a support structure, the support structure having an edge surface extending along an exterior of the support structure; a notch in the edge surface; and, a clamp, the clamp being attachable to the edge surface with the clamp extending over the notch and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the notch. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a biasing part that engages against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch and pushes the bundle of conductors together. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
the biasing part being a resilient material on the clamp. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
the biasing part being a spring on the support structure, the spring extends into the notch and engages against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch and pushes the bundle of conductors together. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
the spring being a flat spring having a length between opposite first and second ends of the flat spring, the first end of the flat spring is secured to the support structure and the length of the flat spring extends into the notch to the second end of the flat spring in the notch. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a hole in the edge surface, the hole being positioned on the edge surface adjacent the notch; and, a post on the clamp, the post on the clamp being dimensioned for insertion into the hole in the edge surface when attaching the clamp to the edge surface. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a rim on the post, the rim being dimensioned to compress when the post is inserted into the hole in the edge surface and expand when the rim is inserted through the hole in the edge surface. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
the rim on the post being a first rim on the post, the first rim having a first diameter dimension; and, a second rim on the post, the second rim having a second diameter dimension, the second diameter dimension being larger than the first diameter dimension. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a side opening in the support structure, the side opening exposing the post of the clamp inserted into the hole in the edge surface, the side opening being dimensioned to enable insertion of a tool into the side opening for cutting the post and removing the clamp from the edge surface. 10. An apparatus for securing together bundles of conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a support structure, the support structuring having an edge surface extending along an exterior of the support structure; a plurality of notches in the edge surface, each notch of the plurality of notches having an open space in the notch; and, a plurality of clamps, each clamp of the plurality of clamps being attachable to the edge surface with the clamp extending over a notch of the plurality of notches and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the open space in the notch. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a plurality of biasing parts that engage against the bundles of conductors positioned in the open spaces of the plurality of notches and push the plurality of bundles of conductors together. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
the plurality of biasing parts being resilient materials on the plurality of clamps that are positioned on the clamps to engage against the bundles of conductors positioned in the open spaces of the plurality of notches to push the bundles of conductors together. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
the plurality of biasing parts being a plurality of springs on the support structure, each spring of the plurality of springs extending into the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches and engaging against the bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
each spring being a flat spring having a length between opposite first and second ends of the flat spring, the first end of each flat spring being secured to the support structure and the length of each flat spring extending into the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches to the second end of the flat spring. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
pairs of holes in the edge surface, each pair of holes being positioned on the edge surface on opposite sides of a notch of the plurality of notches in the edge surface; pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, each pair of posts on each clamp being dimensioned for insertion into the pairs of holes in the edge surface on the opposite sides of each notch in the edge surface when attaching each clamp to the edge surface. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a rim around each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, the rim around each post being dimensioned to compress when the post is inserted into the hole in the edge surface and expand when the rim is inserted through the hole in the edge surface. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
the rim on each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps being a first rim on the post, the first rim having a first diameter dimension; and, a second rim on each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, the second rim having a second diameter dimension, the second diameter dimension being larger than the first diameter dimension. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of side openings in the support structure, each side opening of the plurality of side openings exposing the pairs of posts of each clamp of the plurality of clamps inserted into the pairs of holes in the edge surface on the opposite sides of each notch in the edge surface, each side opening being dimensioned to enable insertion of a tool into the side opening for cutting the pairs of posts exposed by the side opening and removing the clamp having the cut pair of posts from the edge surface. 19. A method of securing together a bundle of conductors, the method comprising:
positioning the bundle of conductors in a notch in an edge surface of a support structure; and, attaching a clamp to the edge surface of the support structure with the clamp extending over the notch and over the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the notch. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
engaging a biasing part against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the biasing part pushing the bundle of conductors together. | An apparatus used in securing together a bundle of conductors has a support structure with an edge surface having a plurality of notches provided in the edge surface. Each notch of the plurality of notches has an open space dimensioned for receiving a bundle of conductors in the open space. A plurality of clamps are provided that are attachable to the edge surface with each clamp extending over a notch of the plurality of notches and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of the notch. The clamps attached to the edge surface of the support structure over the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch in the edge surface secures the bundle of conductors in the open space of the notch.1. An apparatus for securing together a bundle of conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a support structure, the support structure having an edge surface extending along an exterior of the support structure; a notch in the edge surface; and, a clamp, the clamp being attachable to the edge surface with the clamp extending over the notch and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the notch. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a biasing part that engages against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch and pushes the bundle of conductors together. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
the biasing part being a resilient material on the clamp. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
the biasing part being a spring on the support structure, the spring extends into the notch and engages against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch and pushes the bundle of conductors together. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
the spring being a flat spring having a length between opposite first and second ends of the flat spring, the first end of the flat spring is secured to the support structure and the length of the flat spring extends into the notch to the second end of the flat spring in the notch. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a hole in the edge surface, the hole being positioned on the edge surface adjacent the notch; and, a post on the clamp, the post on the clamp being dimensioned for insertion into the hole in the edge surface when attaching the clamp to the edge surface. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a rim on the post, the rim being dimensioned to compress when the post is inserted into the hole in the edge surface and expand when the rim is inserted through the hole in the edge surface. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
the rim on the post being a first rim on the post, the first rim having a first diameter dimension; and, a second rim on the post, the second rim having a second diameter dimension, the second diameter dimension being larger than the first diameter dimension. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a side opening in the support structure, the side opening exposing the post of the clamp inserted into the hole in the edge surface, the side opening being dimensioned to enable insertion of a tool into the side opening for cutting the post and removing the clamp from the edge surface. 10. An apparatus for securing together bundles of conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a support structure, the support structuring having an edge surface extending along an exterior of the support structure; a plurality of notches in the edge surface, each notch of the plurality of notches having an open space in the notch; and, a plurality of clamps, each clamp of the plurality of clamps being attachable to the edge surface with the clamp extending over a notch of the plurality of notches and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the open space in the notch. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a plurality of biasing parts that engage against the bundles of conductors positioned in the open spaces of the plurality of notches and push the plurality of bundles of conductors together. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
the plurality of biasing parts being resilient materials on the plurality of clamps that are positioned on the clamps to engage against the bundles of conductors positioned in the open spaces of the plurality of notches to push the bundles of conductors together. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
the plurality of biasing parts being a plurality of springs on the support structure, each spring of the plurality of springs extending into the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches and engaging against the bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
each spring being a flat spring having a length between opposite first and second ends of the flat spring, the first end of each flat spring being secured to the support structure and the length of each flat spring extending into the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches to the second end of the flat spring. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
pairs of holes in the edge surface, each pair of holes being positioned on the edge surface on opposite sides of a notch of the plurality of notches in the edge surface; pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, each pair of posts on each clamp being dimensioned for insertion into the pairs of holes in the edge surface on the opposite sides of each notch in the edge surface when attaching each clamp to the edge surface. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a rim around each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, the rim around each post being dimensioned to compress when the post is inserted into the hole in the edge surface and expand when the rim is inserted through the hole in the edge surface. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
the rim on each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps being a first rim on the post, the first rim having a first diameter dimension; and, a second rim on each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, the second rim having a second diameter dimension, the second diameter dimension being larger than the first diameter dimension. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of side openings in the support structure, each side opening of the plurality of side openings exposing the pairs of posts of each clamp of the plurality of clamps inserted into the pairs of holes in the edge surface on the opposite sides of each notch in the edge surface, each side opening being dimensioned to enable insertion of a tool into the side opening for cutting the pairs of posts exposed by the side opening and removing the clamp having the cut pair of posts from the edge surface. 19. A method of securing together a bundle of conductors, the method comprising:
positioning the bundle of conductors in a notch in an edge surface of a support structure; and, attaching a clamp to the edge surface of the support structure with the clamp extending over the notch and over the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the notch. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
engaging a biasing part against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the biasing part pushing the bundle of conductors together. | 3,700 |
345,839 | 16,804,250 | 3,732 | An apparatus used in securing together a bundle of conductors has a support structure with an edge surface having a plurality of notches provided in the edge surface. Each notch of the plurality of notches has an open space dimensioned for receiving a bundle of conductors in the open space. A plurality of clamps are provided that are attachable to the edge surface with each clamp extending over a notch of the plurality of notches and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of the notch. The clamps attached to the edge surface of the support structure over the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch in the edge surface secures the bundle of conductors in the open space of the notch. | 1. An apparatus for securing together a bundle of conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a support structure, the support structure having an edge surface extending along an exterior of the support structure; a notch in the edge surface; and, a clamp, the clamp being attachable to the edge surface with the clamp extending over the notch and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the notch. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a biasing part that engages against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch and pushes the bundle of conductors together. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
the biasing part being a resilient material on the clamp. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
the biasing part being a spring on the support structure, the spring extends into the notch and engages against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch and pushes the bundle of conductors together. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
the spring being a flat spring having a length between opposite first and second ends of the flat spring, the first end of the flat spring is secured to the support structure and the length of the flat spring extends into the notch to the second end of the flat spring in the notch. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a hole in the edge surface, the hole being positioned on the edge surface adjacent the notch; and, a post on the clamp, the post on the clamp being dimensioned for insertion into the hole in the edge surface when attaching the clamp to the edge surface. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a rim on the post, the rim being dimensioned to compress when the post is inserted into the hole in the edge surface and expand when the rim is inserted through the hole in the edge surface. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
the rim on the post being a first rim on the post, the first rim having a first diameter dimension; and, a second rim on the post, the second rim having a second diameter dimension, the second diameter dimension being larger than the first diameter dimension. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a side opening in the support structure, the side opening exposing the post of the clamp inserted into the hole in the edge surface, the side opening being dimensioned to enable insertion of a tool into the side opening for cutting the post and removing the clamp from the edge surface. 10. An apparatus for securing together bundles of conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a support structure, the support structuring having an edge surface extending along an exterior of the support structure; a plurality of notches in the edge surface, each notch of the plurality of notches having an open space in the notch; and, a plurality of clamps, each clamp of the plurality of clamps being attachable to the edge surface with the clamp extending over a notch of the plurality of notches and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the open space in the notch. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a plurality of biasing parts that engage against the bundles of conductors positioned in the open spaces of the plurality of notches and push the plurality of bundles of conductors together. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
the plurality of biasing parts being resilient materials on the plurality of clamps that are positioned on the clamps to engage against the bundles of conductors positioned in the open spaces of the plurality of notches to push the bundles of conductors together. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
the plurality of biasing parts being a plurality of springs on the support structure, each spring of the plurality of springs extending into the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches and engaging against the bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
each spring being a flat spring having a length between opposite first and second ends of the flat spring, the first end of each flat spring being secured to the support structure and the length of each flat spring extending into the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches to the second end of the flat spring. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
pairs of holes in the edge surface, each pair of holes being positioned on the edge surface on opposite sides of a notch of the plurality of notches in the edge surface; pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, each pair of posts on each clamp being dimensioned for insertion into the pairs of holes in the edge surface on the opposite sides of each notch in the edge surface when attaching each clamp to the edge surface. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a rim around each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, the rim around each post being dimensioned to compress when the post is inserted into the hole in the edge surface and expand when the rim is inserted through the hole in the edge surface. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
the rim on each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps being a first rim on the post, the first rim having a first diameter dimension; and, a second rim on each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, the second rim having a second diameter dimension, the second diameter dimension being larger than the first diameter dimension. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of side openings in the support structure, each side opening of the plurality of side openings exposing the pairs of posts of each clamp of the plurality of clamps inserted into the pairs of holes in the edge surface on the opposite sides of each notch in the edge surface, each side opening being dimensioned to enable insertion of a tool into the side opening for cutting the pairs of posts exposed by the side opening and removing the clamp having the cut pair of posts from the edge surface. 19. A method of securing together a bundle of conductors, the method comprising:
positioning the bundle of conductors in a notch in an edge surface of a support structure; and, attaching a clamp to the edge surface of the support structure with the clamp extending over the notch and over the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the notch. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
engaging a biasing part against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the biasing part pushing the bundle of conductors together. | An apparatus used in securing together a bundle of conductors has a support structure with an edge surface having a plurality of notches provided in the edge surface. Each notch of the plurality of notches has an open space dimensioned for receiving a bundle of conductors in the open space. A plurality of clamps are provided that are attachable to the edge surface with each clamp extending over a notch of the plurality of notches and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of the notch. The clamps attached to the edge surface of the support structure over the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch in the edge surface secures the bundle of conductors in the open space of the notch.1. An apparatus for securing together a bundle of conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a support structure, the support structure having an edge surface extending along an exterior of the support structure; a notch in the edge surface; and, a clamp, the clamp being attachable to the edge surface with the clamp extending over the notch and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the notch. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a biasing part that engages against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch and pushes the bundle of conductors together. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
the biasing part being a resilient material on the clamp. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
the biasing part being a spring on the support structure, the spring extends into the notch and engages against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch and pushes the bundle of conductors together. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
the spring being a flat spring having a length between opposite first and second ends of the flat spring, the first end of the flat spring is secured to the support structure and the length of the flat spring extends into the notch to the second end of the flat spring in the notch. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a hole in the edge surface, the hole being positioned on the edge surface adjacent the notch; and, a post on the clamp, the post on the clamp being dimensioned for insertion into the hole in the edge surface when attaching the clamp to the edge surface. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a rim on the post, the rim being dimensioned to compress when the post is inserted into the hole in the edge surface and expand when the rim is inserted through the hole in the edge surface. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
the rim on the post being a first rim on the post, the first rim having a first diameter dimension; and, a second rim on the post, the second rim having a second diameter dimension, the second diameter dimension being larger than the first diameter dimension. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
a side opening in the support structure, the side opening exposing the post of the clamp inserted into the hole in the edge surface, the side opening being dimensioned to enable insertion of a tool into the side opening for cutting the post and removing the clamp from the edge surface. 10. An apparatus for securing together bundles of conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a support structure, the support structuring having an edge surface extending along an exterior of the support structure; a plurality of notches in the edge surface, each notch of the plurality of notches having an open space in the notch; and, a plurality of clamps, each clamp of the plurality of clamps being attachable to the edge surface with the clamp extending over a notch of the plurality of notches and over a bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the open space in the notch. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a plurality of biasing parts that engage against the bundles of conductors positioned in the open spaces of the plurality of notches and push the plurality of bundles of conductors together. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
the plurality of biasing parts being resilient materials on the plurality of clamps that are positioned on the clamps to engage against the bundles of conductors positioned in the open spaces of the plurality of notches to push the bundles of conductors together. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
the plurality of biasing parts being a plurality of springs on the support structure, each spring of the plurality of springs extending into the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches and engaging against the bundle of conductors positioned in the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
each spring being a flat spring having a length between opposite first and second ends of the flat spring, the first end of each flat spring being secured to the support structure and the length of each flat spring extending into the open space of each notch of the plurality of notches to the second end of the flat spring. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
pairs of holes in the edge surface, each pair of holes being positioned on the edge surface on opposite sides of a notch of the plurality of notches in the edge surface; pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, each pair of posts on each clamp being dimensioned for insertion into the pairs of holes in the edge surface on the opposite sides of each notch in the edge surface when attaching each clamp to the edge surface. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a rim around each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, the rim around each post being dimensioned to compress when the post is inserted into the hole in the edge surface and expand when the rim is inserted through the hole in the edge surface. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
the rim on each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps being a first rim on the post, the first rim having a first diameter dimension; and, a second rim on each post of the pairs of posts on each clamp of the plurality of clamps, the second rim having a second diameter dimension, the second diameter dimension being larger than the first diameter dimension. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of side openings in the support structure, each side opening of the plurality of side openings exposing the pairs of posts of each clamp of the plurality of clamps inserted into the pairs of holes in the edge surface on the opposite sides of each notch in the edge surface, each side opening being dimensioned to enable insertion of a tool into the side opening for cutting the pairs of posts exposed by the side opening and removing the clamp having the cut pair of posts from the edge surface. 19. A method of securing together a bundle of conductors, the method comprising:
positioning the bundle of conductors in a notch in an edge surface of a support structure; and, attaching a clamp to the edge surface of the support structure with the clamp extending over the notch and over the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the clamp securing the bundle of conductors in the notch. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
engaging a biasing part against the bundle of conductors positioned in the notch with the biasing part pushing the bundle of conductors together. | 3,700 |
345,840 | 16,804,237 | 3,732 | Adaptive write operations for non-volatile memories select programming parameters according to monitored programming performance of individual memory cells. In one embodiment of the invention, programming voltage for a memory cell increases by an amount that depends on the time required to reach a predetermined voltage and then a jump in the programming voltage is added to the programming voltage required to reach the next predetermined voltage. The adaptive programming method is applied to the gate voltage of memory cells; alternatively, it can be applied to the drain voltage of memory cells along a common word line. A circuit combines the function of a program switch and drain voltage regulator, allowing independent control of drain voltage of selected memory cells for parallel and adaptive programming. Verify and adaptive read operations use variable word line voltages to provide optimal biasing of memory and reference cells during sensing. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A programming method for a non-volatile memory, the non-volatile memory comprising a first memory cell connected to a first word line and a first column line, a second memory cell connected to the first word line and a second column line, a third memory cell connected to the first word line and a third column line, and a fourth memory cell connected to the first word line and a fourth column line, the programming method comprising:
applying a first word line program voltage to the first word line, applying a first column line voltage to the first column line, applying a second column voltage different from the first column line voltage to the second column line, applying a third column line voltage different from the first and second column line voltages to the third column line, and applying an inhibit voltage different from the first, second, and third column line voltages to the fourth column line, wherein applying the first word line program voltage to the first word line, applying the first column line voltage to the first column line, applying the second column voltage to the second column line, applying the third column line voltage to the third column line, and applying the inhibit voltage to the fourth column line all occur at the same time. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first, second, and third column line voltages are lower than the inhibit voltage. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first column line voltage is lower than the second column line voltage. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second column line voltage level is lower than 1V. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the third column line voltage level is lower than 1.5V. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the first word line program voltage is part of different word line voltage levels applied during the programming method. 16. A programming method for a non-volatile memory, the non-volatile memory comprising a first memory cell connected to a first word line and a first column line, and a second memory cell connected to the first word line and a second column line, the programming method comprising:
performing a first program loop including:
applying a first program voltage to the first word line,
applying a first column line voltage to the first column line, and
applying a second column line voltage higher than the first column line voltage to the second column line, the first program voltage, first column line voltage, and second column line voltage all being applied at the same time;
performing a second program loop including:
applying a second program voltage different from the first program voltage to the first word line,
applying a third column line voltage higher than the first column line voltage to the first column line, and
applying a fourth column line voltage higher than the second column line voltage to the second column line, the second program voltage, third column line voltage, and fourth column line voltage all being applied at the same time; and
performing a third program loop including:
applying a third program voltage different from the second program voltage to the first word line, and
at the same time, applying an inhibit column line voltage to the first column line and the second column line,
wherein the third and the fourth column line voltages are lower than the inhibit column line voltage. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the third and the fourth column line voltages have the same voltage level. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the third and the fourth column line voltages have different voltage levels. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second column line voltage is lower than 1V. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the third and the fourth column line voltages are lower than 1.5V. 21. The method of claim 18, the non-volatile memory further comprising a third memory cell connected to the first word line and a third column line, wherein the first programming loop further includes applying a fifth column line voltage to the third column line, and wherein the third programming loop further includes applying a sixth column line voltage to the third column line. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the fifth and the sixth column line voltages have different voltage levels from each other. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein:
the fifth column line voltage is lower than the sixth column line voltage, and the sixth column line voltage is lower than the inhibit column line voltage. 24. A programming method for a non-volatile memory, the non-volatile memory comprising, a first memory cell connected to a first word line and a first column line, and a second memory cell connected to the first word line and a second column line, the programming method comprising:
performing a first program loop including:
applying a first program voltage to the first word line,
applying a first column line voltage to the first column line, and
applying a second column line voltage higher than the first column line voltage to the second column line, the first program voltage, first column line voltage, and second column line voltage all being applied at the same time; and
performing a second program loop including:
applying a second program voltage different from the first program voltage to the first word line, and
at the same time, applying a third column line voltage higher than the second column line voltage to the first column line; and
performing a third program loop including:
applying a third program voltage different from the second program voltage to the first word line, and
at the same time, applying an inhibit column line voltage to the first column line and the second column line,
wherein the third column line voltage is lower than the inhibit column line voltage. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the second column line voltage applied in the second program loop is lower than 1V. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the third column line voltage applied in the third program loop is lower than 1.5V. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the second programming loop further includes applying the fourth column line voltage to the second column line; and the third programming loop further includes applying the inhibit column line voltage to the second column line. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the fourth column line voltage applied in a fourth programming loop is lower than 1.5V. | Adaptive write operations for non-volatile memories select programming parameters according to monitored programming performance of individual memory cells. In one embodiment of the invention, programming voltage for a memory cell increases by an amount that depends on the time required to reach a predetermined voltage and then a jump in the programming voltage is added to the programming voltage required to reach the next predetermined voltage. The adaptive programming method is applied to the gate voltage of memory cells; alternatively, it can be applied to the drain voltage of memory cells along a common word line. A circuit combines the function of a program switch and drain voltage regulator, allowing independent control of drain voltage of selected memory cells for parallel and adaptive programming. Verify and adaptive read operations use variable word line voltages to provide optimal biasing of memory and reference cells during sensing.1-9. (canceled) 10. A programming method for a non-volatile memory, the non-volatile memory comprising a first memory cell connected to a first word line and a first column line, a second memory cell connected to the first word line and a second column line, a third memory cell connected to the first word line and a third column line, and a fourth memory cell connected to the first word line and a fourth column line, the programming method comprising:
applying a first word line program voltage to the first word line, applying a first column line voltage to the first column line, applying a second column voltage different from the first column line voltage to the second column line, applying a third column line voltage different from the first and second column line voltages to the third column line, and applying an inhibit voltage different from the first, second, and third column line voltages to the fourth column line, wherein applying the first word line program voltage to the first word line, applying the first column line voltage to the first column line, applying the second column voltage to the second column line, applying the third column line voltage to the third column line, and applying the inhibit voltage to the fourth column line all occur at the same time. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first, second, and third column line voltages are lower than the inhibit voltage. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first column line voltage is lower than the second column line voltage. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second column line voltage level is lower than 1V. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the third column line voltage level is lower than 1.5V. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the first word line program voltage is part of different word line voltage levels applied during the programming method. 16. A programming method for a non-volatile memory, the non-volatile memory comprising a first memory cell connected to a first word line and a first column line, and a second memory cell connected to the first word line and a second column line, the programming method comprising:
performing a first program loop including:
applying a first program voltage to the first word line,
applying a first column line voltage to the first column line, and
applying a second column line voltage higher than the first column line voltage to the second column line, the first program voltage, first column line voltage, and second column line voltage all being applied at the same time;
performing a second program loop including:
applying a second program voltage different from the first program voltage to the first word line,
applying a third column line voltage higher than the first column line voltage to the first column line, and
applying a fourth column line voltage higher than the second column line voltage to the second column line, the second program voltage, third column line voltage, and fourth column line voltage all being applied at the same time; and
performing a third program loop including:
applying a third program voltage different from the second program voltage to the first word line, and
at the same time, applying an inhibit column line voltage to the first column line and the second column line,
wherein the third and the fourth column line voltages are lower than the inhibit column line voltage. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the third and the fourth column line voltages have the same voltage level. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the third and the fourth column line voltages have different voltage levels. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second column line voltage is lower than 1V. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the third and the fourth column line voltages are lower than 1.5V. 21. The method of claim 18, the non-volatile memory further comprising a third memory cell connected to the first word line and a third column line, wherein the first programming loop further includes applying a fifth column line voltage to the third column line, and wherein the third programming loop further includes applying a sixth column line voltage to the third column line. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the fifth and the sixth column line voltages have different voltage levels from each other. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein:
the fifth column line voltage is lower than the sixth column line voltage, and the sixth column line voltage is lower than the inhibit column line voltage. 24. A programming method for a non-volatile memory, the non-volatile memory comprising, a first memory cell connected to a first word line and a first column line, and a second memory cell connected to the first word line and a second column line, the programming method comprising:
performing a first program loop including:
applying a first program voltage to the first word line,
applying a first column line voltage to the first column line, and
applying a second column line voltage higher than the first column line voltage to the second column line, the first program voltage, first column line voltage, and second column line voltage all being applied at the same time; and
performing a second program loop including:
applying a second program voltage different from the first program voltage to the first word line, and
at the same time, applying a third column line voltage higher than the second column line voltage to the first column line; and
performing a third program loop including:
applying a third program voltage different from the second program voltage to the first word line, and
at the same time, applying an inhibit column line voltage to the first column line and the second column line,
wherein the third column line voltage is lower than the inhibit column line voltage. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the second column line voltage applied in the second program loop is lower than 1V. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the third column line voltage applied in the third program loop is lower than 1.5V. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the second programming loop further includes applying the fourth column line voltage to the second column line; and the third programming loop further includes applying the inhibit column line voltage to the second column line. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the fourth column line voltage applied in a fourth programming loop is lower than 1.5V. | 3,700 |
345,841 | 16,804,221 | 3,732 | In one embodiment, an MRI apparatus includes a scanner and processing circuitry. The scanner includes at least two gradient coils. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction, based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and generate an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. | 1. An MRI apparatus comprising:
a scanner including at least two gradient coils; and processing circuitry configured to
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction,
generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction,
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction, based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. 2. An MRI apparatus comprising:
a scanner including at least two gradient coils; and processing circuitry configured to
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction,
generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction,
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction based on the radial acquisition method,
correct the k-space data for reconstruction by using the correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. 3. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data and second correction data which respectively correspond to two orthogonal directions in a rotation plane, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 4. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data and second correction data which respectively correspond to two orthogonal directions in a rotation plane, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 5. The MRI apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate two-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the two orthogonal directions from the two-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data and the second correction data based on the gradient of phase. 6. The MRI apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate two-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the two orthogonal directions from the two-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data and the second correction data based on the gradient of phase. 7. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting an application timing of the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 8. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting strength of the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 9. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while equivalently correcting the gradient magnetic field by adjusting a readout timing of the k-space data for reconstruction, using the correction data. 10. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the image in such a manner that the error due to the gradient magnetic field is corrected, by performing positional correction on the k-space data for reconstruction in k-space, using the correction data. 11. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles of the readout direction, first correction data, second correction data, and third correction data which respectively correspond to three orthogonal directions in a three-dimensional space, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 12. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data, second correction data, and third correction data which respectively correspond to three orthogonal directions in a three-dimensional space, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 13. The MRI apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate three-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the three orthogonal directions from the three-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data, the second correction data, and the third correction data based on the gradient of phase. 14. The MRI apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate three-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the three orthogonal directions from the three-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data, the second correction data, and the third correction data based on the gradient of phase. 15. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction, before acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction, each time the k-space data for reconstruction is acquired. 16. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction, before or after acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction, each time the k-space data for reconstruction is acquired. 17. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store the correction data,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction at least once, before acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction,
store the correction data in the memory,
read out the correction data from the memory when the correction data are stored in the memory, and
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 18. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a memory configured to store the correction data,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction at least once, before or after acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction,
store the correction data in the memory,
read out the correction data from the memory when the correction data are stored in the memory,
correct the k-space data for reconstruction by using the read out correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. 19. An MRI method comprising:
acquiring k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generating correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by gradient coils of an MRI apparatus, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, acquiring k-space data for reconstruction based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and generating an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. 20. An MRI method comprising:
acquiring k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generating correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by gradient coils of an MRI apparatus, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, acquiring k-space data for reconstruction based on the radial acquisition method, correcting the k-space data for reconstruction by using the correction data, and generating an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. | In one embodiment, an MRI apparatus includes a scanner and processing circuitry. The scanner includes at least two gradient coils. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction, based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and generate an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction.1. An MRI apparatus comprising:
a scanner including at least two gradient coils; and processing circuitry configured to
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction,
generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction,
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction, based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. 2. An MRI apparatus comprising:
a scanner including at least two gradient coils; and processing circuitry configured to
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction,
generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction,
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction based on the radial acquisition method,
correct the k-space data for reconstruction by using the correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. 3. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data and second correction data which respectively correspond to two orthogonal directions in a rotation plane, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 4. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data and second correction data which respectively correspond to two orthogonal directions in a rotation plane, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 5. The MRI apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate two-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the two orthogonal directions from the two-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data and the second correction data based on the gradient of phase. 6. The MRI apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate two-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the two orthogonal directions from the two-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data and the second correction data based on the gradient of phase. 7. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting an application timing of the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 8. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting strength of the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 9. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while equivalently correcting the gradient magnetic field by adjusting a readout timing of the k-space data for reconstruction, using the correction data. 10. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the image in such a manner that the error due to the gradient magnetic field is corrected, by performing positional correction on the k-space data for reconstruction in k-space, using the correction data. 11. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles of the readout direction, first correction data, second correction data, and third correction data which respectively correspond to three orthogonal directions in a three-dimensional space, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 12. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data, second correction data, and third correction data which respectively correspond to three orthogonal directions in a three-dimensional space, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 13. The MRI apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate three-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the three orthogonal directions from the three-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data, the second correction data, and the third correction data based on the gradient of phase. 14. The MRI apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate three-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the three orthogonal directions from the three-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data, the second correction data, and the third correction data based on the gradient of phase. 15. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction, before acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction, each time the k-space data for reconstruction is acquired. 16. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction, before or after acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction, each time the k-space data for reconstruction is acquired. 17. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store the correction data,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction at least once, before acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction,
store the correction data in the memory,
read out the correction data from the memory when the correction data are stored in the memory, and
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 18. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a memory configured to store the correction data,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction at least once, before or after acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction,
store the correction data in the memory,
read out the correction data from the memory when the correction data are stored in the memory,
correct the k-space data for reconstruction by using the read out correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. 19. An MRI method comprising:
acquiring k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generating correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by gradient coils of an MRI apparatus, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, acquiring k-space data for reconstruction based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and generating an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. 20. An MRI method comprising:
acquiring k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generating correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by gradient coils of an MRI apparatus, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, acquiring k-space data for reconstruction based on the radial acquisition method, correcting the k-space data for reconstruction by using the correction data, and generating an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. | 3,700 |
345,842 | 16,804,245 | 2,849 | In one embodiment, an MRI apparatus includes a scanner and processing circuitry. The scanner includes at least two gradient coils. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction, based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and generate an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. | 1. An MRI apparatus comprising:
a scanner including at least two gradient coils; and processing circuitry configured to
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction,
generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction,
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction, based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. 2. An MRI apparatus comprising:
a scanner including at least two gradient coils; and processing circuitry configured to
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction,
generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction,
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction based on the radial acquisition method,
correct the k-space data for reconstruction by using the correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. 3. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data and second correction data which respectively correspond to two orthogonal directions in a rotation plane, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 4. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data and second correction data which respectively correspond to two orthogonal directions in a rotation plane, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 5. The MRI apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate two-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the two orthogonal directions from the two-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data and the second correction data based on the gradient of phase. 6. The MRI apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate two-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the two orthogonal directions from the two-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data and the second correction data based on the gradient of phase. 7. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting an application timing of the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 8. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting strength of the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 9. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while equivalently correcting the gradient magnetic field by adjusting a readout timing of the k-space data for reconstruction, using the correction data. 10. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the image in such a manner that the error due to the gradient magnetic field is corrected, by performing positional correction on the k-space data for reconstruction in k-space, using the correction data. 11. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles of the readout direction, first correction data, second correction data, and third correction data which respectively correspond to three orthogonal directions in a three-dimensional space, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 12. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data, second correction data, and third correction data which respectively correspond to three orthogonal directions in a three-dimensional space, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 13. The MRI apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate three-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the three orthogonal directions from the three-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data, the second correction data, and the third correction data based on the gradient of phase. 14. The MRI apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate three-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the three orthogonal directions from the three-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data, the second correction data, and the third correction data based on the gradient of phase. 15. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction, before acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction, each time the k-space data for reconstruction is acquired. 16. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction, before or after acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction, each time the k-space data for reconstruction is acquired. 17. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store the correction data,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction at least once, before acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction,
store the correction data in the memory,
read out the correction data from the memory when the correction data are stored in the memory, and
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 18. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a memory configured to store the correction data,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction at least once, before or after acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction,
store the correction data in the memory,
read out the correction data from the memory when the correction data are stored in the memory,
correct the k-space data for reconstruction by using the read out correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. 19. An MRI method comprising:
acquiring k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generating correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by gradient coils of an MRI apparatus, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, acquiring k-space data for reconstruction based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and generating an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. 20. An MRI method comprising:
acquiring k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generating correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by gradient coils of an MRI apparatus, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, acquiring k-space data for reconstruction based on the radial acquisition method, correcting the k-space data for reconstruction by using the correction data, and generating an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. | In one embodiment, an MRI apparatus includes a scanner and processing circuitry. The scanner includes at least two gradient coils. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction, based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and generate an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction.1. An MRI apparatus comprising:
a scanner including at least two gradient coils; and processing circuitry configured to
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction,
generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction,
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction, based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. 2. An MRI apparatus comprising:
a scanner including at least two gradient coils; and processing circuitry configured to
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction,
generate correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by the gradient coils, by using the acquired k-space data for correction,
cause the scanner to acquire k-space data for reconstruction based on the radial acquisition method,
correct the k-space data for reconstruction by using the correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. 3. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data and second correction data which respectively correspond to two orthogonal directions in a rotation plane, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 4. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data and second correction data which respectively correspond to two orthogonal directions in a rotation plane, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 5. The MRI apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate two-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the two orthogonal directions from the two-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data and the second correction data based on the gradient of phase. 6. The MRI apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate two-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the two orthogonal directions from the two-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data and the second correction data based on the gradient of phase. 7. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting an application timing of the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 8. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting strength of the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 9. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while equivalently correcting the gradient magnetic field by adjusting a readout timing of the k-space data for reconstruction, using the correction data. 10. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the image in such a manner that the error due to the gradient magnetic field is corrected, by performing positional correction on the k-space data for reconstruction in k-space, using the correction data. 11. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles of the readout direction, first correction data, second correction data, and third correction data which respectively correspond to three orthogonal directions in a three-dimensional space, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 12. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
acquire first k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a forward direction of the readout direction, acquire second k-space data for correction by sampling in the columnar three-dimensional k-space in a reverse direction of the readout direction, and generate, for each of the rotation angles, first correction data, second correction data, and third correction data which respectively correspond to three orthogonal directions in a three-dimensional space, by using the acquired first k-space data for correction and the acquired second k-space data for correction. 13. The MRI apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate three-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the three orthogonal directions from the three-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data, the second correction data, and the third correction data based on the gradient of phase. 14. The MRI apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
generate first real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the first k-space data for correction, generate second real-space data for correction by performing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the second k-space data for correction, calculate three-dimensional phase difference data by subtraction between a complex phase of the first real-space data for correction and a complex phase of the second real-space data for correction, calculate a gradient of phase with respect to the three orthogonal directions from the three-dimensional phase difference data, and generate the first correction data, the second correction data, and the third correction data based on the gradient of phase. 15. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction, before acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction, each time the k-space data for reconstruction is acquired. 16. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction, before or after acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction, each time the k-space data for reconstruction is acquired. 17. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store the correction data,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction at least once, before acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction,
store the correction data in the memory,
read out the correction data from the memory when the correction data are stored in the memory, and
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for reconstruction, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data. 18. The MRI apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a memory configured to store the correction data,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to
cause the scanner to acquire the k-space data for correction at least once, before or after acquiring the k-space data for reconstruction,
store the correction data in the memory,
read out the correction data from the memory when the correction data are stored in the memory,
correct the k-space data for reconstruction by using the read out correction data, and
generate an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. 19. An MRI method comprising:
acquiring k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or in a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generating correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by gradient coils of an MRI apparatus, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, acquiring k-space data for reconstruction based on a radial acquisition method, while correcting the gradient magnetic field by using the correction data, and generating an image by reconstructing the acquired k-space data for reconstruction. 20. An MRI method comprising:
acquiring k-space data for correction in a band-shaped two-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, or a columnar three-dimensional k-space along a readout direction, while changing rotation angles, wherein each of the rotation angles corresponds to the readout direction, generating correction data for correcting an error due to a gradient magnetic field generated by gradient coils of an MRI apparatus, by using the acquired k-space data for correction, acquiring k-space data for reconstruction based on the radial acquisition method, correcting the k-space data for reconstruction by using the correction data, and generating an image by reconstructing the corrected k-space data for reconstruction. | 2,800 |
345,843 | 16,804,249 | 3,634 | According to one embodiment, an acoustic control apparatus includes a first calculator, a second calculator, and a first setting unit. The first calculator calculates a first relationship established between acoustic filter coefficients, based on sounds emitted from sound sources. The second calculator calculates a second relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients by matching a first sound pressure ratio with a second sound pressure ratio, in a complex sound pressure ratio between ears of a user who desires the sound information. The first setting unit sets an acoustic filter coefficient corresponding to each of the sound sources, based on the first relationship and the second relationship. | 1. An acoustic control apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that obtains a sound signal including sound information, the sound signal being based on sounds emitted from sound sources; a first calculator that calculates a first relationship established between acoustic filter coefficients, based on the sounds which are driven by a drive signal obtained by applying the sound signal to the acoustic filter coefficients set for each sound source; a second calculator that calculates a second relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients by matching a first sound pressure ratio with a second sound pressure ratio, in a complex sound pressure ratio between ears of a user who desires the sound information, the first sound pressure being based on a synthetic sound of the sounds emitted from the sound sources, and the second sound pressure being based on a virtual sound source, assuming that the virtual sound source of a virtual acoustic image is present in an incoming direction of the synthetic sound; and a first setting unit that sets an acoustic filter coefficient corresponding to each of the sound sources, based on the first relationship and the second relationship. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator is configured to calculate the first relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients so as to minimize the acoustic power of the sound sources, based on wavelengths of the sounds emitted from the sound sources and each distance between the sound sources. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second setting unit that sets a correction filter coefficient for correcting at least one of the acoustic filter coefficients, based on a reducing limitation index of acoustic power determined in accordance with the each distance between the sound sources and wavelengths of the sounds emitted from the sound sources. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a determination unit that determines whether or not the each distance between the sound sources allows the acoustic power to be reduced based on the reducing limitation index. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator calculates the first relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients so as to minimize, in a desired region, acoustic energy from the sounds emitted from the sound sources. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator and the second calculator calculate the first relationship and the second relationship, respectively, based on sounds emitted from the sound sources arranged at different distances from the user in a same direction from the user. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator and the second calculator calculate the first relationship and the second relationship, respectively, based on sounds when vibrating surfaces of sounds emitted from the sound sources based on the same sound information arrive at the user at different points of time. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second calculator sets a virtual sound source such that a direction of the virtual sound source coincides with a direction in which the sound sources are present as viewed from the user. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator and second calculator calculate the first relationship and second relationship, respectively, based on sounds generated from the sound sources arranged in a circular shape on a plane that is regarded as being perpendicular within a range as viewed from the user. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program which is executed by a computer to provide the steps of:
obtaining a sound signal including sound information, the sound signal being based on sounds emitted from sound sources; calculating a first relationship established between acoustic filter coefficients, based on the sounds which are driven by a drive signal obtained by applying the sound signal to the acoustic filter coefficients set for each sound source; calculating a second relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients by matching a first sound pressure ratio with a second sound pressure ratio, in a complex sound pressure ratio between ears of a user who desires the sound information, the first sound pressure being based on a synthetic sound of the sounds emitted from the sound sources, and the second sound pressure being based on a virtual sound source, assuming that the virtual sound source of a virtual acoustic image is present in an incoming direction of the synthetic sound; and setting an acoustic filter coefficient corresponding to each of the sound sources, based on the first relationship and the second relationship. 11. A device comprising the acoustic control apparatus according to claim 1. 12. An acoustic control method comprising:
obtaining a sound signal including sound information, the sound signal being based on sounds emitted from sound sources; calculating a first relationship established between acoustic filter coefficients, based on the sounds which are driven by a drive signal obtained by applying the sound signal to the acoustic filter coefficients set for each sound source; calculating a second relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients by matching a first sound pressure ratio with a second sound pressure ratio, in a complex sound pressure ratio between ears of a user who desires the sound information, the first sound pressure being based on a synthetic sound of the sounds emitted from the sound sources, and the second sound pressure being based on a virtual sound source, assuming that the virtual sound source of a virtual acoustic image is present in an incoming direction of the synthetic sound; and setting an acoustic filter coefficient corresponding to each of the sound sources, based on the first relationship and the second relationship. | According to one embodiment, an acoustic control apparatus includes a first calculator, a second calculator, and a first setting unit. The first calculator calculates a first relationship established between acoustic filter coefficients, based on sounds emitted from sound sources. The second calculator calculates a second relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients by matching a first sound pressure ratio with a second sound pressure ratio, in a complex sound pressure ratio between ears of a user who desires the sound information. The first setting unit sets an acoustic filter coefficient corresponding to each of the sound sources, based on the first relationship and the second relationship.1. An acoustic control apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit that obtains a sound signal including sound information, the sound signal being based on sounds emitted from sound sources; a first calculator that calculates a first relationship established between acoustic filter coefficients, based on the sounds which are driven by a drive signal obtained by applying the sound signal to the acoustic filter coefficients set for each sound source; a second calculator that calculates a second relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients by matching a first sound pressure ratio with a second sound pressure ratio, in a complex sound pressure ratio between ears of a user who desires the sound information, the first sound pressure being based on a synthetic sound of the sounds emitted from the sound sources, and the second sound pressure being based on a virtual sound source, assuming that the virtual sound source of a virtual acoustic image is present in an incoming direction of the synthetic sound; and a first setting unit that sets an acoustic filter coefficient corresponding to each of the sound sources, based on the first relationship and the second relationship. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator is configured to calculate the first relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients so as to minimize the acoustic power of the sound sources, based on wavelengths of the sounds emitted from the sound sources and each distance between the sound sources. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second setting unit that sets a correction filter coefficient for correcting at least one of the acoustic filter coefficients, based on a reducing limitation index of acoustic power determined in accordance with the each distance between the sound sources and wavelengths of the sounds emitted from the sound sources. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a determination unit that determines whether or not the each distance between the sound sources allows the acoustic power to be reduced based on the reducing limitation index. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator calculates the first relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients so as to minimize, in a desired region, acoustic energy from the sounds emitted from the sound sources. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator and the second calculator calculate the first relationship and the second relationship, respectively, based on sounds emitted from the sound sources arranged at different distances from the user in a same direction from the user. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator and the second calculator calculate the first relationship and the second relationship, respectively, based on sounds when vibrating surfaces of sounds emitted from the sound sources based on the same sound information arrive at the user at different points of time. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second calculator sets a virtual sound source such that a direction of the virtual sound source coincides with a direction in which the sound sources are present as viewed from the user. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first calculator and second calculator calculate the first relationship and second relationship, respectively, based on sounds generated from the sound sources arranged in a circular shape on a plane that is regarded as being perpendicular within a range as viewed from the user. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program which is executed by a computer to provide the steps of:
obtaining a sound signal including sound information, the sound signal being based on sounds emitted from sound sources; calculating a first relationship established between acoustic filter coefficients, based on the sounds which are driven by a drive signal obtained by applying the sound signal to the acoustic filter coefficients set for each sound source; calculating a second relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients by matching a first sound pressure ratio with a second sound pressure ratio, in a complex sound pressure ratio between ears of a user who desires the sound information, the first sound pressure being based on a synthetic sound of the sounds emitted from the sound sources, and the second sound pressure being based on a virtual sound source, assuming that the virtual sound source of a virtual acoustic image is present in an incoming direction of the synthetic sound; and setting an acoustic filter coefficient corresponding to each of the sound sources, based on the first relationship and the second relationship. 11. A device comprising the acoustic control apparatus according to claim 1. 12. An acoustic control method comprising:
obtaining a sound signal including sound information, the sound signal being based on sounds emitted from sound sources; calculating a first relationship established between acoustic filter coefficients, based on the sounds which are driven by a drive signal obtained by applying the sound signal to the acoustic filter coefficients set for each sound source; calculating a second relationship established between the acoustic filter coefficients by matching a first sound pressure ratio with a second sound pressure ratio, in a complex sound pressure ratio between ears of a user who desires the sound information, the first sound pressure being based on a synthetic sound of the sounds emitted from the sound sources, and the second sound pressure being based on a virtual sound source, assuming that the virtual sound source of a virtual acoustic image is present in an incoming direction of the synthetic sound; and setting an acoustic filter coefficient corresponding to each of the sound sources, based on the first relationship and the second relationship. | 3,600 |
345,844 | 16,804,265 | 3,634 | A flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene includes: (a) a reaction section 18 with ethylene feed operative to oligomerize ethylene; (b) a catalyst feed system 12, 14, 16 comprising a plurality of independent homogeneous catalyst feeders connected with the reaction section for alternatively providing different selective homogeneous catalyst compositions to the reaction section; (c) an ethylene recycle column 22 coupled to the reaction section and adapted to receive crude product and unreacted ethylene therefrom, the recycle column being operative to separate ethylene and optionally lower oligomers from the crude product which are recycled to the ethylene feed to the reaction section, the ethylene recycle column being further operative to provide a crude product bottoms stream; (d) a catalyst removal section 20 coupled to the reaction section adapted to remove spent catalyst from the system; and (e) a first product separation column 24 connected to the recycle column receiving the crude product stream therefrom, the product separation column being operative to separate purified oligomer from the crude product stream. Optionally provided is a second product separation column 26. | 1. A flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene comprising:
(a) a reaction section with ethylene feed operative to oligomerize ethylene; (b) a catalyst feed system comprising a plurality of independent homogeneous catalyst feeders connected with the reaction section for alternatively providing different selective homogeneous catalyst compositions to the reaction section; (c) an ethylene recycle column coupled to the reaction section and adapted to receive crude product and unreacted ethylene therefrom, the recycle column being operative to separate ethylene and optionally lower oligomers from the crude product which are recycled to the ethylene feed to the reaction section, the ethylene recycle column being further operative to provide a crude product bottoms stream; (d) a catalyst removal section coupled to the reaction section adapted to remove spent catalyst from the system; and (e) a first product separation column connected to the recycle column receiving the crude product stream therefrom, the product separation column being operative to separate purified oligomer from the crude product stream. 2. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein one of the homogeneous catalyst feeds is provided a first homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a titanate catalyst and an organo aluminum cocatalyst, the first homogeneous catalyst composition being selective for 1-butene. 3. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein one of the homogeneous catalyst feeders is provided a second homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst and an organoaluminum cocatalyst, the second homogeneous catalyst composition being selective for 1-hexene. 4. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 3, wherein a magnesium compound cocatalyst is also provided to the catalyst feeders. 5. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 3, wherein one of the homogeneous catalyst feeders is provided a third homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst, a phosphino amine cocatalyst and an organoaluminum cocatalyst, the third homogeneous catalyst composition being selective for 1-octene and 1-hexene. 6. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein the first product separation column is connected to provide bottoms to the catalyst feed system as solvent for homogeneous catalyst compositions. 7. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, further comprising a second product separation column coupled to the first product separation column to receive bottoms therefrom and separate the bottoms from the first column into an overhead oligomerized product stream and a bottoms stream. 8. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 7, wherein the second product separation column is connected to provide bottoms to the catalyst feed system as solvent for homogeneous catalyst compositions. 9. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, operated with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a titanate catalyst and organoaluminum cocatalyst selective for 1-butene, wherein selectivity to 1-butene is at least 85 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 10. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, operated with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst and an organoaluminum cocatalyst selective for 1-hexene, wherein selectivity to 1-hexene is at least 75 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 11. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, further comprising a second product separation column coupled to the first product separation column to receive bottoms therefrom and separate the bottoms from the first column into an overhead oligomeric product stream and a bottom stream and operated with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst, a phosphino amine cocatalyst, and an organoaluminum cocatalyst, the catalyst being selective for 1-octene and 1-hexene, wherein 1-hexene is withdrawn as a product from the overhead of the first product separation column and 1-octene is withdrawn as a product from the second product separation column and wherein selectivity to 1-octene is at least 65 weight % based on ethylene consumption and selectivity to 1-hexene and 1-octene collectively is at least 85 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 12. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the homogeneous catalyst compositions is a homogeneous transition metal catalyst. 13. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 12, wherein the homogeneous transition metal catalyst is prepared from a precursor metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, chromium, nickel, tantalum, and tungsten. 14. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein one or more of (an) organic ligand(s), (a) co-catalyst(s) and (a) modifier(s) is also provided to the reaction section. 15. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 14, wherein the co-catalyst is selected from the group consisting of organoaluminum compounds, inorganic borate salts, organic boron compounds, fluorinated aluminate salts, sodium hexafluoroantimonate, LiAlH4, and a mixture of magnesium and aluminum salts. 16. A method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system comprising:
(a) providing a flexible manufacturing system including a reaction section with ethylene feed operative to oligomerize ethylene;
(ii) a catalyst feed system comprising a plurality of independent homogeneous catalyst feeders connected with the reaction section for alternatively providing different selective homogeneous catalyst compositions to the reaction section;
(iii) an ethylene recycle column coupled to the reaction section and adapted to receive crude product and unreacted ethylene therefrom, the recycle column being operative to separate ethylene and optionally lower oligomers from the crude product which are recycled to the ethylene feed to the reaction section, the ethylene recycle column being further operative to provide a crude product bottoms stream;
(iv) a catalyst removal section coupled to the reaction section adapted to remove spent catalyst from the system;
(v) a first product separation column connected to the recycle column receiving the crude product stream therefrom, the product separation column being operative to separate purified oligomer from the crude product stream; and optionally including
(vi) a second product separation column coupled to the first product separation column to receive bottoms therefrom and separate the bottoms from the first column into an overhead oligomerized product stream and a bottoms stream;
(b) operating the flexible manufacturing system with ethylene feed and a first homogeneous catalyst feed, wherein the first homogeneous catalyst is selective to a first alpha olefin composition; (c) recovering the first alpha olefin composition; and thereafter (d) operating the flexible manufacturing system with ethylene feed and a second homogeneous catalyst feed, wherein the second homogenous catalyst feed is selective to a second alpha olefin composition which is different from the first alpha olefin composition; and (e) recovering the second alpha olefin composition. 17. The method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system according to claim 16, wherein the flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins is operated in step (b) or step (d) with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a titanate catalyst and organoaluminum cocatalyst selective for 1-butene, wherein selectivity to 1-butene is at least 85 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 18. The method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system according to claim 16, wherein the flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins is operated in step (b) or step (d) with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst and an organoaluminum cocatalyst selective for 1-hexene, wherein selectivity to 1-hexene is at least 75 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 19. The method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system according to claim 16, wherein the flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins further comprises a second product separation column coupled to the first product separation column to receive bottoms therefrom and separate the bottoms from the first column into an overhead oligomeric product stream and a bottom stream and the system being operated with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst, a phosphino amine cocatalyst, and an organoaluminum cocatalyst, the catalyst being selective for 1-octene and 1-hexene, wherein 1-hexene product is withdrawn as a product from the overhead of the first product separation column and 1-octene is withdrawn as overhead from the second product separation column and wherein selectivity to 1-octene is at least 65 weight % based on ethylene consumption and selectivity to 1-hexene and 1-octene collectively is at least 85 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 20. The method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system according to claim 16, comprising sequentially operating the flexible manufacturing system with ethylene feed and three different homogeneous catalysts to selectively produce three different alpha olefin product streams. | A flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene includes: (a) a reaction section 18 with ethylene feed operative to oligomerize ethylene; (b) a catalyst feed system 12, 14, 16 comprising a plurality of independent homogeneous catalyst feeders connected with the reaction section for alternatively providing different selective homogeneous catalyst compositions to the reaction section; (c) an ethylene recycle column 22 coupled to the reaction section and adapted to receive crude product and unreacted ethylene therefrom, the recycle column being operative to separate ethylene and optionally lower oligomers from the crude product which are recycled to the ethylene feed to the reaction section, the ethylene recycle column being further operative to provide a crude product bottoms stream; (d) a catalyst removal section 20 coupled to the reaction section adapted to remove spent catalyst from the system; and (e) a first product separation column 24 connected to the recycle column receiving the crude product stream therefrom, the product separation column being operative to separate purified oligomer from the crude product stream. Optionally provided is a second product separation column 26.1. A flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene comprising:
(a) a reaction section with ethylene feed operative to oligomerize ethylene; (b) a catalyst feed system comprising a plurality of independent homogeneous catalyst feeders connected with the reaction section for alternatively providing different selective homogeneous catalyst compositions to the reaction section; (c) an ethylene recycle column coupled to the reaction section and adapted to receive crude product and unreacted ethylene therefrom, the recycle column being operative to separate ethylene and optionally lower oligomers from the crude product which are recycled to the ethylene feed to the reaction section, the ethylene recycle column being further operative to provide a crude product bottoms stream; (d) a catalyst removal section coupled to the reaction section adapted to remove spent catalyst from the system; and (e) a first product separation column connected to the recycle column receiving the crude product stream therefrom, the product separation column being operative to separate purified oligomer from the crude product stream. 2. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein one of the homogeneous catalyst feeds is provided a first homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a titanate catalyst and an organo aluminum cocatalyst, the first homogeneous catalyst composition being selective for 1-butene. 3. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein one of the homogeneous catalyst feeders is provided a second homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst and an organoaluminum cocatalyst, the second homogeneous catalyst composition being selective for 1-hexene. 4. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 3, wherein a magnesium compound cocatalyst is also provided to the catalyst feeders. 5. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 3, wherein one of the homogeneous catalyst feeders is provided a third homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst, a phosphino amine cocatalyst and an organoaluminum cocatalyst, the third homogeneous catalyst composition being selective for 1-octene and 1-hexene. 6. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein the first product separation column is connected to provide bottoms to the catalyst feed system as solvent for homogeneous catalyst compositions. 7. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, further comprising a second product separation column coupled to the first product separation column to receive bottoms therefrom and separate the bottoms from the first column into an overhead oligomerized product stream and a bottoms stream. 8. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 7, wherein the second product separation column is connected to provide bottoms to the catalyst feed system as solvent for homogeneous catalyst compositions. 9. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, operated with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a titanate catalyst and organoaluminum cocatalyst selective for 1-butene, wherein selectivity to 1-butene is at least 85 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 10. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, operated with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst and an organoaluminum cocatalyst selective for 1-hexene, wherein selectivity to 1-hexene is at least 75 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 11. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, further comprising a second product separation column coupled to the first product separation column to receive bottoms therefrom and separate the bottoms from the first column into an overhead oligomeric product stream and a bottom stream and operated with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst, a phosphino amine cocatalyst, and an organoaluminum cocatalyst, the catalyst being selective for 1-octene and 1-hexene, wherein 1-hexene is withdrawn as a product from the overhead of the first product separation column and 1-octene is withdrawn as a product from the second product separation column and wherein selectivity to 1-octene is at least 65 weight % based on ethylene consumption and selectivity to 1-hexene and 1-octene collectively is at least 85 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 12. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the homogeneous catalyst compositions is a homogeneous transition metal catalyst. 13. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 12, wherein the homogeneous transition metal catalyst is prepared from a precursor metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, chromium, nickel, tantalum, and tungsten. 14. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 1, wherein one or more of (an) organic ligand(s), (a) co-catalyst(s) and (a) modifier(s) is also provided to the reaction section. 15. The flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins according to claim 14, wherein the co-catalyst is selected from the group consisting of organoaluminum compounds, inorganic borate salts, organic boron compounds, fluorinated aluminate salts, sodium hexafluoroantimonate, LiAlH4, and a mixture of magnesium and aluminum salts. 16. A method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system comprising:
(a) providing a flexible manufacturing system including a reaction section with ethylene feed operative to oligomerize ethylene;
(ii) a catalyst feed system comprising a plurality of independent homogeneous catalyst feeders connected with the reaction section for alternatively providing different selective homogeneous catalyst compositions to the reaction section;
(iii) an ethylene recycle column coupled to the reaction section and adapted to receive crude product and unreacted ethylene therefrom, the recycle column being operative to separate ethylene and optionally lower oligomers from the crude product which are recycled to the ethylene feed to the reaction section, the ethylene recycle column being further operative to provide a crude product bottoms stream;
(iv) a catalyst removal section coupled to the reaction section adapted to remove spent catalyst from the system;
(v) a first product separation column connected to the recycle column receiving the crude product stream therefrom, the product separation column being operative to separate purified oligomer from the crude product stream; and optionally including
(vi) a second product separation column coupled to the first product separation column to receive bottoms therefrom and separate the bottoms from the first column into an overhead oligomerized product stream and a bottoms stream;
(b) operating the flexible manufacturing system with ethylene feed and a first homogeneous catalyst feed, wherein the first homogeneous catalyst is selective to a first alpha olefin composition; (c) recovering the first alpha olefin composition; and thereafter (d) operating the flexible manufacturing system with ethylene feed and a second homogeneous catalyst feed, wherein the second homogenous catalyst feed is selective to a second alpha olefin composition which is different from the first alpha olefin composition; and (e) recovering the second alpha olefin composition. 17. The method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system according to claim 16, wherein the flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins is operated in step (b) or step (d) with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a titanate catalyst and organoaluminum cocatalyst selective for 1-butene, wherein selectivity to 1-butene is at least 85 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 18. The method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system according to claim 16, wherein the flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins is operated in step (b) or step (d) with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst and an organoaluminum cocatalyst selective for 1-hexene, wherein selectivity to 1-hexene is at least 75 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 19. The method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system according to claim 16, wherein the flexible manufacturing system for selectively producing different alpha-olefins further comprises a second product separation column coupled to the first product separation column to receive bottoms therefrom and separate the bottoms from the first column into an overhead oligomeric product stream and a bottom stream and the system being operated with a homogeneous catalyst composition comprising a chromium catalyst, a phosphino amine cocatalyst, and an organoaluminum cocatalyst, the catalyst being selective for 1-octene and 1-hexene, wherein 1-hexene product is withdrawn as a product from the overhead of the first product separation column and 1-octene is withdrawn as overhead from the second product separation column and wherein selectivity to 1-octene is at least 65 weight % based on ethylene consumption and selectivity to 1-hexene and 1-octene collectively is at least 85 weight % based on ethylene consumption. 20. The method of sequentially producing different alpha-olefins from ethylene in the same manufacturing system according to claim 16, comprising sequentially operating the flexible manufacturing system with ethylene feed and three different homogeneous catalysts to selectively produce three different alpha olefin product streams. | 3,600 |
345,845 | 16,804,266 | 3,634 | A facial feature detecting apparatus includes a feature sensor configured to acquire information on facial features of a subject; a feature detecting unit configured to detect the facial features of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor; a three-dimensional coordinates calculating unit configured to calculate three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject; and a feature position estimating unit configured to estimate first three-dimensional coordinates of a first facial feature from second three-dimensional coordinates of a second facial feature of the detected facial features, on a basis that the first facial feature and the second facial feature are located at bilaterally symmetrical positions. | 1. A facial feature detecting apparatus comprising:
a feature sensor configured to acquire information on facial features of a subject; a feature detecting unit configured to detect the facial features of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor; a three-dimensional coordinates calculating unit configured to calculate three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject; and a feature position estimating unit configured to estimate first three-dimensional coordinates of a first facial feature from second three-dimensional coordinates of a second facial feature of the detected facial features, on a basis that the first facial feature and the second facial feature are located at bilaterally symmetrical positions. 2. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a median line estimating unit configured to estimate a median line of a face of the subject, based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the detected facial features, and wherein,
the feature position estimating unit estimates, as the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first facial feature, a position that is symmetrical to a position of the second facial feature of the detected facial features with respect to the median line. 3. A facial feature detecting apparatus comprising:
a feature sensor configured to acquire information on facial features of a subject; a feature detecting unit configured to detect the facial features of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor; a three-dimensional coordinates calculating unit configured to calculate first three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject; a face direction estimating unit configured to estimate a face direction of the subject, based on the calculated first three-dimensional coordinates of the detected facial features; a 3D model information acquiring unit configured to acquire given three-dimensional coordinates of a given facial feature of the subject from a 3D model storage that accumulates second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject in a frontal face direction; and a face direction rotating unit configured to cause the acquired given three-dimensional coordinates of the given facial feature of the subject to be rotated in the estimated face direction. 4. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, when the feature detecting unit is unable to detect the given facial feature of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor, the 3D model information acquiring unit acquires the given three-dimensional coordinates of the given facial feature of the subject from the 3D model storage. 5. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a face direction reverse rotation unit configured to cause the facial features of the subject to be reversely rotated in accordance with the estimated face direction, and calculate the second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject in the frontal face direction; and a 3D model accumulating unit configured to accumulate, in the 3D model storage, the calculated second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject in the frontal face direction. 6. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, when the estimated face direction is the frontal face direction, the 3D model accumulating unit does not accumulate, in the 3D model storage, second three-dimensional coordinates of an ear of the subject in the frontal face direction. 7. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the 3D model accumulating unit calculates an average of the second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features accumulated in the 3D model storage at regular intervals for each facial feature type, and deletes three-dimensional coordinates of a facial feature that is farthest from the average, from the 3D model storage. 8. A facial feature detecting method comprising:
acquiring, by a feature sensor, information on facial features of a subject; detecting, by a feature detecting unit, the facial features of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor; calculating, by a three-dimensional coordinates calculating unit, first three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject; estimating, by a face direction estimating unit, a face direction of the subject, based on the calculated first three-dimensional coordinates of the detected facial features; acquiring, by a 3D model information acquiring unit, given three-dimensional coordinates of a given facial feature of the subject from a 3D model storage that accumulates second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject in a frontal face direction; and causing, by a face direction rotating unit, the acquired given three-dimensional coordinates of the given facial feature of the subject to be rotated in the estimated face direction. | A facial feature detecting apparatus includes a feature sensor configured to acquire information on facial features of a subject; a feature detecting unit configured to detect the facial features of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor; a three-dimensional coordinates calculating unit configured to calculate three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject; and a feature position estimating unit configured to estimate first three-dimensional coordinates of a first facial feature from second three-dimensional coordinates of a second facial feature of the detected facial features, on a basis that the first facial feature and the second facial feature are located at bilaterally symmetrical positions.1. A facial feature detecting apparatus comprising:
a feature sensor configured to acquire information on facial features of a subject; a feature detecting unit configured to detect the facial features of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor; a three-dimensional coordinates calculating unit configured to calculate three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject; and a feature position estimating unit configured to estimate first three-dimensional coordinates of a first facial feature from second three-dimensional coordinates of a second facial feature of the detected facial features, on a basis that the first facial feature and the second facial feature are located at bilaterally symmetrical positions. 2. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a median line estimating unit configured to estimate a median line of a face of the subject, based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the detected facial features, and wherein,
the feature position estimating unit estimates, as the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first facial feature, a position that is symmetrical to a position of the second facial feature of the detected facial features with respect to the median line. 3. A facial feature detecting apparatus comprising:
a feature sensor configured to acquire information on facial features of a subject; a feature detecting unit configured to detect the facial features of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor; a three-dimensional coordinates calculating unit configured to calculate first three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject; a face direction estimating unit configured to estimate a face direction of the subject, based on the calculated first three-dimensional coordinates of the detected facial features; a 3D model information acquiring unit configured to acquire given three-dimensional coordinates of a given facial feature of the subject from a 3D model storage that accumulates second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject in a frontal face direction; and a face direction rotating unit configured to cause the acquired given three-dimensional coordinates of the given facial feature of the subject to be rotated in the estimated face direction. 4. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, when the feature detecting unit is unable to detect the given facial feature of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor, the 3D model information acquiring unit acquires the given three-dimensional coordinates of the given facial feature of the subject from the 3D model storage. 5. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a face direction reverse rotation unit configured to cause the facial features of the subject to be reversely rotated in accordance with the estimated face direction, and calculate the second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject in the frontal face direction; and a 3D model accumulating unit configured to accumulate, in the 3D model storage, the calculated second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject in the frontal face direction. 6. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, when the estimated face direction is the frontal face direction, the 3D model accumulating unit does not accumulate, in the 3D model storage, second three-dimensional coordinates of an ear of the subject in the frontal face direction. 7. The facial feature detecting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the 3D model accumulating unit calculates an average of the second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features accumulated in the 3D model storage at regular intervals for each facial feature type, and deletes three-dimensional coordinates of a facial feature that is farthest from the average, from the 3D model storage. 8. A facial feature detecting method comprising:
acquiring, by a feature sensor, information on facial features of a subject; detecting, by a feature detecting unit, the facial features of the subject from the information acquired by the feature sensor; calculating, by a three-dimensional coordinates calculating unit, first three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject; estimating, by a face direction estimating unit, a face direction of the subject, based on the calculated first three-dimensional coordinates of the detected facial features; acquiring, by a 3D model information acquiring unit, given three-dimensional coordinates of a given facial feature of the subject from a 3D model storage that accumulates second three-dimensional coordinates of the facial features of the subject in a frontal face direction; and causing, by a face direction rotating unit, the acquired given three-dimensional coordinates of the given facial feature of the subject to be rotated in the estimated face direction. | 3,600 |
345,846 | 16,804,248 | 3,634 | Embodiments of the present disclosure includes systems for and methods of managing local and remote data. A method falling within the disclosure includes: receiving, by a device, an offer via an application; storing, in an entry of a local data structure, data identifying the offer and the application via which that data was received; receiving, by the device, a search request; identifying that the search request relates to the offer; in response to identifying that the search request relates to the offer: comparing the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure to data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device; selecting one of the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure or the offer available from the source remote from the device based on the comparing; in response to selecting the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure, causing the application identified by the entry to generate for display the offer identified by the entry; and in response to selecting the offer available from the source remote from the device, causing a separate application to generate the offer available from the source remote from the device. | 1. A method for managing local and remote data, the method comprising:
receiving, by a device, an offer via an application; storing, in an entry of a local data structure, data identifying the offer and the application via which that data was received; receiving, by the device, a search request; identifying that the search request relates to the offer; in response to identifying that the search request relates to the offer:
comparing the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure to data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device;
selecting one of the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure or the offer available from the source remote from the device based on the comparing;
in response to selecting the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure, causing the application identified by the entry to generate for display the offer identified by the entry; and in response to selecting the offer available from the source remote from the device, causing a separate application to generate the offer available from the source remote from the device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparing further comprises comparing each of the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure and the data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device with one or more user selected criteria, and wherein the selecting further comprises selecting the one offer that is the closest match to the user selected criteria. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the storing, in an entry of a local data structure, data identifying the offer and the application via which that data was received, comprises:
extracting data from the offer relating to characteristics of the offer; and storing the extracted data in the local data structure; assigning an identifier to the application via which the offer was received; and storing the identifier in the local data structure such that it is associated with the extracted data. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the device, a search request, comprises receiving a search request via a media guidance application residing on, or in communication with, the device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparing the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure to data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device, comprises: comparing of the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure to metadata of the data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device; and
comparing each of: i) the metadata of the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure; and ii) the metadata of the data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device, with one or more consumer preferences. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the device, a search request, comprises receiving a search request via a media device in communication with a media guidance application. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
sending the selected offer to a media guidance application; and in response to selecting the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure of the media device, causing the application identified by the entry in the local data structure of the media device to generate for display on the media guidance application the offer identified by the entry in the local data structure of the media device. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the source remote from the device is an offer made available in a physical store and the comparing is based on an input into the device comprising text input, image recognition, barcode or QR code scan. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the offer received by the device is a plurality of offers and, wherein the identifying comprises determining whether each of the plurality of offers relates to the search request. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the source remote from the device is a plurality of sources remote from the device and the comparing comprises determining which of each of the plurality of offers received and stored by the device and the plurality of offers available from offers remote from the device is the best match to one or more pre-determined criteria. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a coupon based on the extracted data; and providing a link for a consumer to interact with to complete a transaction based on the terms of the coupon. 12. A system for managing local and remote data, the system comprising:
storage circuitry configured to store data identifying an offer received by the system and an application via which that data was received; and control circuitry configured to:
receive the offer via the application;
receive a search request;
identify that the search request relates to the offer;
in response to identifying that the search request relates to the offer stored in the storage circuitry:
compare the data identifying the offer stored in the storage circuitry to data identifying an offer available from a remote source;
select one of the offer stored in the storage circuitry or the offer available from the remote source, based on the comparing;
in response to selecting the offer stored in the storage circuitry, causing the application identified in the storage circuitry to generate for display the selected offer; and
in response to selecting the offer available from the remote source, causing a separate application to generate for display the selected offer. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the comparing further comprises comparing each of the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure and the data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device with one or more user selected criteria, and wherein the selecting further comprises selecting the one offer that is the closest match to the user selected criteria. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured, after receiving a notification, to:
extract data from the offer relating to characteristics of the offer; and store the extracted data in the local data structure; assign an identifier to the application via which the offer was received; and store the identifier in the local data structure such that it is associated with the extracted data. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry, when receiving a search request is configured to receive the search request via a media guidance application residing on, or in communication with, the device. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured, when comparing the data identifying the offer stored in the storage circuitry to data identifying an offer available from a remote source, to:
compare metadata of the data identifying the offer stored in the storage circuitry to metadata of the data identifying an offer available from a remote source; and compare each of: i) the metadata of the data identifying the offer stored in the storage circuitry; and ii) the metadata of the data identifying an offer available from a remote source, with one or more consumer preferences. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the remote source comprises a group of devices that are linked to the control circuitry and which the device's respective storage circuitry are each accessible to the control circuitry during the comparing. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
send the selected offer to a media guidance application; and in response to selecting the offer stored in the storage circuitry, cause the application identified in the storage circuitry to generate for display on the media guidance application the offer identified in the storage circuitry. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is configured, when identifying that the search request relates to the offer, to:
determine whether each of a plurality of offers relates to the search request. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
generate a coupon based on the extracted data; and provide a link for a consumer to interact with to complete a transaction based on the terms of the coupon. | Embodiments of the present disclosure includes systems for and methods of managing local and remote data. A method falling within the disclosure includes: receiving, by a device, an offer via an application; storing, in an entry of a local data structure, data identifying the offer and the application via which that data was received; receiving, by the device, a search request; identifying that the search request relates to the offer; in response to identifying that the search request relates to the offer: comparing the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure to data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device; selecting one of the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure or the offer available from the source remote from the device based on the comparing; in response to selecting the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure, causing the application identified by the entry to generate for display the offer identified by the entry; and in response to selecting the offer available from the source remote from the device, causing a separate application to generate the offer available from the source remote from the device.1. A method for managing local and remote data, the method comprising:
receiving, by a device, an offer via an application; storing, in an entry of a local data structure, data identifying the offer and the application via which that data was received; receiving, by the device, a search request; identifying that the search request relates to the offer; in response to identifying that the search request relates to the offer:
comparing the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure to data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device;
selecting one of the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure or the offer available from the source remote from the device based on the comparing;
in response to selecting the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure, causing the application identified by the entry to generate for display the offer identified by the entry; and in response to selecting the offer available from the source remote from the device, causing a separate application to generate the offer available from the source remote from the device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparing further comprises comparing each of the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure and the data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device with one or more user selected criteria, and wherein the selecting further comprises selecting the one offer that is the closest match to the user selected criteria. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the storing, in an entry of a local data structure, data identifying the offer and the application via which that data was received, comprises:
extracting data from the offer relating to characteristics of the offer; and storing the extracted data in the local data structure; assigning an identifier to the application via which the offer was received; and storing the identifier in the local data structure such that it is associated with the extracted data. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the device, a search request, comprises receiving a search request via a media guidance application residing on, or in communication with, the device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparing the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure to data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device, comprises: comparing of the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure to metadata of the data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device; and
comparing each of: i) the metadata of the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure; and ii) the metadata of the data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device, with one or more consumer preferences. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the device, a search request, comprises receiving a search request via a media device in communication with a media guidance application. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
sending the selected offer to a media guidance application; and in response to selecting the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure of the media device, causing the application identified by the entry in the local data structure of the media device to generate for display on the media guidance application the offer identified by the entry in the local data structure of the media device. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the source remote from the device is an offer made available in a physical store and the comparing is based on an input into the device comprising text input, image recognition, barcode or QR code scan. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the offer received by the device is a plurality of offers and, wherein the identifying comprises determining whether each of the plurality of offers relates to the search request. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the source remote from the device is a plurality of sources remote from the device and the comparing comprises determining which of each of the plurality of offers received and stored by the device and the plurality of offers available from offers remote from the device is the best match to one or more pre-determined criteria. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a coupon based on the extracted data; and providing a link for a consumer to interact with to complete a transaction based on the terms of the coupon. 12. A system for managing local and remote data, the system comprising:
storage circuitry configured to store data identifying an offer received by the system and an application via which that data was received; and control circuitry configured to:
receive the offer via the application;
receive a search request;
identify that the search request relates to the offer;
in response to identifying that the search request relates to the offer stored in the storage circuitry:
compare the data identifying the offer stored in the storage circuitry to data identifying an offer available from a remote source;
select one of the offer stored in the storage circuitry or the offer available from the remote source, based on the comparing;
in response to selecting the offer stored in the storage circuitry, causing the application identified in the storage circuitry to generate for display the selected offer; and
in response to selecting the offer available from the remote source, causing a separate application to generate for display the selected offer. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the comparing further comprises comparing each of the data identifying the offer stored in the entry of the local data structure and the data identifying an offer available from a source remote from the device with one or more user selected criteria, and wherein the selecting further comprises selecting the one offer that is the closest match to the user selected criteria. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured, after receiving a notification, to:
extract data from the offer relating to characteristics of the offer; and store the extracted data in the local data structure; assign an identifier to the application via which the offer was received; and store the identifier in the local data structure such that it is associated with the extracted data. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry, when receiving a search request is configured to receive the search request via a media guidance application residing on, or in communication with, the device. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured, when comparing the data identifying the offer stored in the storage circuitry to data identifying an offer available from a remote source, to:
compare metadata of the data identifying the offer stored in the storage circuitry to metadata of the data identifying an offer available from a remote source; and compare each of: i) the metadata of the data identifying the offer stored in the storage circuitry; and ii) the metadata of the data identifying an offer available from a remote source, with one or more consumer preferences. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the remote source comprises a group of devices that are linked to the control circuitry and which the device's respective storage circuitry are each accessible to the control circuitry during the comparing. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
send the selected offer to a media guidance application; and in response to selecting the offer stored in the storage circuitry, cause the application identified in the storage circuitry to generate for display on the media guidance application the offer identified in the storage circuitry. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is configured, when identifying that the search request relates to the offer, to:
determine whether each of a plurality of offers relates to the search request. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
generate a coupon based on the extracted data; and provide a link for a consumer to interact with to complete a transaction based on the terms of the coupon. | 3,600 |
345,847 | 16,804,263 | 3,634 | A device for adding a scent to a fishing lure, the device including: at least one electrode; and (i) a conductive element configured to place the fishing lure in conductive communication with the at least one electrode; and a control unit configured to activate the at least one electrode to cause the at least one electrode to impart a charge on the fishing lure via the conductive element, or (ii) a source of scented liquid; a heating mechanism; and a control unit configured to (a) activate the at least one electrode to cause the at least one electrode to impart a charge on the fishing lure, and (b) create steam from the scented liquid, wherein ions from the steam are attracted to the fishing lure when the charge is imparted on the fishing lure by the at least one electrode. | 1. A device for applying a charge to a fishing lure, the device comprising:
at least one electrode; a conductive element configured to place the fishing lure in conductive communication with the at least one electrode; and a control unit configured to activate the at least one electrode to cause the at least one electrode to impart a charge on the fishing lure via the conductive element. 2. The device of claim 1, which includes a container for a scented liquid. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the conductive element places the fishing lure in conductive communication with one of a cathode or an anode, and wherein the container includes the other of the cathode and the anode. 4. The device of claim 2, which includes a heating mechanism to create steam from the scented liquid, and wherein ions from the steam are attracted to the fishing lure when the charge is imparted on the fishing lure by the at least one electrode. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the heating mechanism includes a portion that directly contacts the scented liquid within the container. 6. The device of claim 1, which includes a pressurization mechanism configured to adjust the pressure within an inner space of a body including the conductive element. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the pressurization mechanism is configured to adjust the pressure within the inner space by pumping steam into the inner space. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the conductive element places the fishing lure in conductive communication with one of a cathode or an anode, and wherein the other of the cathode or the anode is located elsewhere within an inner space of a body including the conductive element. 9. A device for adding a scent to a fishing lure, the device comprising:
at least one electrode; a source of scented liquid; a heating mechanism; and a control unit configured to (i) activate the at least one electrode to cause the at least one electrode to impart a charge on the fishing lure, and (ii) create steam from the scented liquid, wherein ions from the steam are attracted to the fishing lure when the charge is imparted on the fishing lure by the at least one electrode. 10. The device of claim 9, which includes a conductive element that places the fishing lure in conductive communication with one of a cathode or an anode, and wherein the source of scented liquid includes the other of the cathode and the anode. 11. A method of adding a scent to a fishing lure, the method comprising:
placing a fishing lure in conductive communication with an electrode; placing the fishing lure in contact with or in proximity to a scented liquid; and activating the electrode to cause the fishing lure to attract ions from the scented liquid. 12. The method of claim 11, which includes placing the fishing lure in contact with the scented liquid. 13. The method of claim 11, which includes lowering the fishing lure into contact with the scented liquid. 14. The method of claim 11, which includes heating the scented liquid so that the scented liquid is in the form of steam when activating the electrode to cause the fishing lure to attract the ions from the scented liquid. 15. The method of claim 11, which includes sealing the fishing lure inside of an isolated environment, and adjusting a pressure inside of the isolated environment. 16. The method of claim 15, which includes adjusting the pressure while heating the scented liquid so that the scented liquid is in the form of steam when activating the electrode the electrode to cause the fishing lure to attract the ions from the scented liquid. 17. The method of claim 11, which includes sealing the fishing lure inside of an isolated environment before activating the electrode. | A device for adding a scent to a fishing lure, the device including: at least one electrode; and (i) a conductive element configured to place the fishing lure in conductive communication with the at least one electrode; and a control unit configured to activate the at least one electrode to cause the at least one electrode to impart a charge on the fishing lure via the conductive element, or (ii) a source of scented liquid; a heating mechanism; and a control unit configured to (a) activate the at least one electrode to cause the at least one electrode to impart a charge on the fishing lure, and (b) create steam from the scented liquid, wherein ions from the steam are attracted to the fishing lure when the charge is imparted on the fishing lure by the at least one electrode.1. A device for applying a charge to a fishing lure, the device comprising:
at least one electrode; a conductive element configured to place the fishing lure in conductive communication with the at least one electrode; and a control unit configured to activate the at least one electrode to cause the at least one electrode to impart a charge on the fishing lure via the conductive element. 2. The device of claim 1, which includes a container for a scented liquid. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the conductive element places the fishing lure in conductive communication with one of a cathode or an anode, and wherein the container includes the other of the cathode and the anode. 4. The device of claim 2, which includes a heating mechanism to create steam from the scented liquid, and wherein ions from the steam are attracted to the fishing lure when the charge is imparted on the fishing lure by the at least one electrode. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the heating mechanism includes a portion that directly contacts the scented liquid within the container. 6. The device of claim 1, which includes a pressurization mechanism configured to adjust the pressure within an inner space of a body including the conductive element. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the pressurization mechanism is configured to adjust the pressure within the inner space by pumping steam into the inner space. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the conductive element places the fishing lure in conductive communication with one of a cathode or an anode, and wherein the other of the cathode or the anode is located elsewhere within an inner space of a body including the conductive element. 9. A device for adding a scent to a fishing lure, the device comprising:
at least one electrode; a source of scented liquid; a heating mechanism; and a control unit configured to (i) activate the at least one electrode to cause the at least one electrode to impart a charge on the fishing lure, and (ii) create steam from the scented liquid, wherein ions from the steam are attracted to the fishing lure when the charge is imparted on the fishing lure by the at least one electrode. 10. The device of claim 9, which includes a conductive element that places the fishing lure in conductive communication with one of a cathode or an anode, and wherein the source of scented liquid includes the other of the cathode and the anode. 11. A method of adding a scent to a fishing lure, the method comprising:
placing a fishing lure in conductive communication with an electrode; placing the fishing lure in contact with or in proximity to a scented liquid; and activating the electrode to cause the fishing lure to attract ions from the scented liquid. 12. The method of claim 11, which includes placing the fishing lure in contact with the scented liquid. 13. The method of claim 11, which includes lowering the fishing lure into contact with the scented liquid. 14. The method of claim 11, which includes heating the scented liquid so that the scented liquid is in the form of steam when activating the electrode to cause the fishing lure to attract the ions from the scented liquid. 15. The method of claim 11, which includes sealing the fishing lure inside of an isolated environment, and adjusting a pressure inside of the isolated environment. 16. The method of claim 15, which includes adjusting the pressure while heating the scented liquid so that the scented liquid is in the form of steam when activating the electrode the electrode to cause the fishing lure to attract the ions from the scented liquid. 17. The method of claim 11, which includes sealing the fishing lure inside of an isolated environment before activating the electrode. | 3,600 |
345,848 | 16,804,284 | 3,634 | A system and methods are provided for providing a project map to a user. The system and methods include the features of accessing a project map, where the project map includes a project image and one or more infrastructure drawings overlaid on the project image. They also include the features of inserting a plurality of items in the project map that indicate a type of utility infrastructure system on the one or more infrastructure drawings. They also include the features of inserting location information in the project map based on location information of the project image, location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. | 1. A system comprising:
a memory comprising a machine-readable medium storing machine-executable instructions; and a control system comprising one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to:
access a project map, wherein the project map includes a project image and one or more infrastructure drawings overlaid on the project image;
insert a plurality of items in the project map that indicate a type of utility infrastructure system on the one or more infrastructure drawings; and
insert location information in the project map based on location information of the project image, location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to:
cause a scanning of one or more utility infrastructure systems to generate the one or more infrastructure drawings; receive the one or more infrastructure drawings; insert the location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings; and overlay the one or more infrastructure drawings with the project image based on the location information of the project image and the location information of the infrastructure drawings to create the project map. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to:
cause a capturing of an image of a project site to generate the project image; receive the project image; insert the location information of the project image; and overlay the project image with the one or more infrastructure drawings based on the location information of the project image and the location information of the infrastructure drawings to create the project map. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to define one or more attributes of each of item of the plurality of items created in the project map. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to replace a stock image of a project site in the memory with the project image based on the location information of the project image. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the location information associated with the project map is associated with each boundary of the project image and the one or more infrastructure drawings and correlated with a real world location. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to cause a display of a user device to present the project map based on a real world location of the user device and a perspective of the user device relative to a project site represented by the project map. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is accessible via a user device, and the user device includes a camera configured to capture an image of a project site to generate the project image, scan one or more utility infrastructure systems to generate the one or more the infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the type of utility infrastructure system includes plumbing information, electrical information, energy information, structural information, mechanical information, or other information not readily visible due to one or more obstructions. 10. A method comprising:
accessing a project map, wherein the project map includes a project image and one or more infrastructure drawings overlaid on the project image; inserting a plurality of items in the project map that indicate a type of utility infrastructure system on the one or more infrastructure drawings; and inserting location information in the project map based on location information of the project image, location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
causing a scanning of one or more utility infrastructure systems to generate the one or more infrastructure drawings; receiving the one or more infrastructure drawings; inserting the location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings; and overlaying the one or more infrastructure drawings with the project image based on the location information of the project image and the location information of the infrastructure drawings to create the project map. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
causing a capturing of an image of a project site to generate the project image; receiving the project image; inserting the location information of the project image; and overlaying the project image with the one or more infrastructure drawings based on the location information of the project image and the location information of the infrastructure drawings to create the project map. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising defining one or more attributes of each item of the plurality of items created in the project map. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising replacing a stock image of a project site in a database with the project image based on the location information of the project image. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the location information associated with the project map is associated with each boundary of the project image and the one or more infrastructure drawings and correlated with a real world location. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising causing a display on a user device of the project map based on a real world location of the user device and a perspective of the user device relative to a project site represented by the project map. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
capturing an image of a project site with a camera to generate the project image; and scanning one or more utility infrastructure systems to generate the one or more the infrastructure drawings. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the type of utility infrastructure system includes plumbing information, electrical information, energy information, structural information, mechanical information, or other information not readily visible due to one or more obstructions. 19. A memory or structure of a memory comprising:
a memory comprising a machine-readable medium storing machine-executable instructions; and a control system comprising one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to:
access a project map, wherein the project map includes a project image and one or more infrastructure drawings overlaid on the project image;
insert a plurality of items in the project map that indicate a type of utility infrastructure system on the one or more infrastructure drawings; and
insert location information in the project map based on location information of the project image, location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. | A system and methods are provided for providing a project map to a user. The system and methods include the features of accessing a project map, where the project map includes a project image and one or more infrastructure drawings overlaid on the project image. They also include the features of inserting a plurality of items in the project map that indicate a type of utility infrastructure system on the one or more infrastructure drawings. They also include the features of inserting location information in the project map based on location information of the project image, location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof.1. A system comprising:
a memory comprising a machine-readable medium storing machine-executable instructions; and a control system comprising one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to:
access a project map, wherein the project map includes a project image and one or more infrastructure drawings overlaid on the project image;
insert a plurality of items in the project map that indicate a type of utility infrastructure system on the one or more infrastructure drawings; and
insert location information in the project map based on location information of the project image, location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to:
cause a scanning of one or more utility infrastructure systems to generate the one or more infrastructure drawings; receive the one or more infrastructure drawings; insert the location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings; and overlay the one or more infrastructure drawings with the project image based on the location information of the project image and the location information of the infrastructure drawings to create the project map. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to:
cause a capturing of an image of a project site to generate the project image; receive the project image; insert the location information of the project image; and overlay the project image with the one or more infrastructure drawings based on the location information of the project image and the location information of the infrastructure drawings to create the project map. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to define one or more attributes of each of item of the plurality of items created in the project map. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to replace a stock image of a project site in the memory with the project image based on the location information of the project image. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the location information associated with the project map is associated with each boundary of the project image and the one or more infrastructure drawings and correlated with a real world location. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to cause a display of a user device to present the project map based on a real world location of the user device and a perspective of the user device relative to a project site represented by the project map. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is accessible via a user device, and the user device includes a camera configured to capture an image of a project site to generate the project image, scan one or more utility infrastructure systems to generate the one or more the infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the type of utility infrastructure system includes plumbing information, electrical information, energy information, structural information, mechanical information, or other information not readily visible due to one or more obstructions. 10. A method comprising:
accessing a project map, wherein the project map includes a project image and one or more infrastructure drawings overlaid on the project image; inserting a plurality of items in the project map that indicate a type of utility infrastructure system on the one or more infrastructure drawings; and inserting location information in the project map based on location information of the project image, location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
causing a scanning of one or more utility infrastructure systems to generate the one or more infrastructure drawings; receiving the one or more infrastructure drawings; inserting the location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings; and overlaying the one or more infrastructure drawings with the project image based on the location information of the project image and the location information of the infrastructure drawings to create the project map. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
causing a capturing of an image of a project site to generate the project image; receiving the project image; inserting the location information of the project image; and overlaying the project image with the one or more infrastructure drawings based on the location information of the project image and the location information of the infrastructure drawings to create the project map. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising defining one or more attributes of each item of the plurality of items created in the project map. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising replacing a stock image of a project site in a database with the project image based on the location information of the project image. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the location information associated with the project map is associated with each boundary of the project image and the one or more infrastructure drawings and correlated with a real world location. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising causing a display on a user device of the project map based on a real world location of the user device and a perspective of the user device relative to a project site represented by the project map. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
capturing an image of a project site with a camera to generate the project image; and scanning one or more utility infrastructure systems to generate the one or more the infrastructure drawings. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the type of utility infrastructure system includes plumbing information, electrical information, energy information, structural information, mechanical information, or other information not readily visible due to one or more obstructions. 19. A memory or structure of a memory comprising:
a memory comprising a machine-readable medium storing machine-executable instructions; and a control system comprising one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the machine-executable instructions to:
access a project map, wherein the project map includes a project image and one or more infrastructure drawings overlaid on the project image;
insert a plurality of items in the project map that indicate a type of utility infrastructure system on the one or more infrastructure drawings; and
insert location information in the project map based on location information of the project image, location information of the one or more infrastructure drawings, or a combination thereof. | 3,600 |
345,849 | 16,804,280 | 3,634 | There is provided a rotatable impeller assembly for pumping caustic fluid byproducts in a medical device. The assembly comprises a rotor having a rotor cup, and an impeller having a rotor contacting surface and impeller blades. The assembly further comprises a magnetic ring seated within the cup. The magnetic ring comprises a first contact surface that is configured to mate with an inner surface of the cup, and a second contact surface that is configured to mate with the rotor contacting surface of the impeller. In such an arrangement, the magnetic ring is locked in position by the rotor cup and the impeller, thereby preventing any independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor and the impeller while automatically balancing the rotor. Further, the rotor contacting surface of the impeller is attached to the cup to hermetically seal the magnetic ring within the impeller assembly. | 1. A rotatable impeller assembly for pumping caustic fluid byproducts in a medical device, the impeller assembly comprising:
a rotor comprising a rotor cup; an impeller having a rotor contacting surface and impeller blades; and a magnetic ring seated within the rotor cup, the magnetic ring comprising a first contact surface that is configured to mate with an inner surface of the rotor cup, and a second contact surface that is configured to mate with the rotor contacting surface of the impeller, the magnetic ring thereby being locked in position by the inner surface of the rotor cup and the rotor contacting surface of the impeller so as to prevent any independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor cup and the impeller while automatically balancing the rotor, wherein the rotor contacting surface of the impeller is attached to the rotor cup to hermetically seal the magnetic ring within the impeller assembly. 2. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the rotor cup comprises a continuous ridge that mates with a corresponding groove formed in the first contact surface of the magnetic ring, thereby locking the magnetic ring in a fixed position relative to the rotor cup. 3. The impeller assembly of claim 2, wherein the continuous ridge comprises an O-ring. 4. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the magnetic ring comprises anti-rotation features to prevent the independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor cup and the impeller. 5. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the rotor contacting surface of the impeller comprises a tapered surface having at least one angle that complements at least one angle formed on the second contact surface of the magnetic ring, thereby locking the magnetic ring in a fixed position relative to the impeller. 6. The impeller assembly of claim 5, wherein the impeller assembly is automatically centered and balanced once the magnetic ring is locked in a fixed position. 7. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the hermetic seal locks the rotor, magnetic ring and impeller in position within the impeller assembly to prevent any independent rotation. 8. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the magnetic ring is formed by injection molding a slurry of plastic and magnetic material. 9. The impeller assembly of claim 8, wherein the rotor contacting surface of the impeller is attached to the rotor cup by spin welding or ultrasonic welding. 10. The impeller assembly of claim 9, wherein the impeller is formed by overmolding a polymer material onto the rotor cup with the magnetic ring seated therein, the overmolding hermetically sealing the magnetic ring between the rotor cup and the impeller. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the medical device comprises a respiratory therapy device configured to deliver high velocity respiratory fluid to a patient. 14. (canceled) 15. A method of manufacturing an impeller assembly for pumping caustic fluid byproducts in a medical device, the impeller assembly comprising a rotor and an impeller, the method comprising:
providing a rotor cup; positioning an impeller onto the rotor cup, the impeller having a rotor contacting surface and impeller blades; seating a magnetic ring within the rotor cup, the magnetic ring comprising a first contact surface that is configured to mate with an inner surface of the rotor cup, and a second contact surface that is configured to mate with the rotor contacting surface of the impeller; locking the magnetic ring between the inner surface of the rotor cup and the rotor contacting surface of the impeller so as to prevent any independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor cup and the impeller while automatically balancing the rotor; and forming a seal between the impeller and the rotor cup thereby sealing the magnetic ring within the impeller assembly. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising:
forming a continuous ridge in the rotor cup that mates with a corresponding groove formed in the first contact surface of the magnetic ring so as to lock the magnetic ring in a fixed position relative to the rotor cup. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the continuous ridge comprises an O-ring. 18. The method of claim 15, comprising:
forming anti-rotation features on the magnetic ring to prevent the independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor cup and the impeller. 19. The method of claim 15, comprising:
forming a tapered surface on the rotor contacting surface of the impeller, the tapered surface having at least one angle that complements at least one angle formed on the second contact surface of the magnetic ring, thereby locking the magnetic ring in a fixed position relative to the impeller. 20. The method of claim 15, comprising:
forming the magnetic ring by injection molding a slurry of plastic and magnetic material. 21. The method of claim 20, comprising:
attaching the rotor contacting surface of the impeller to the rotor cup by spin welding or ultrasonic welding. 22. The method of claim 21, comprising:
forming the impeller by overmolding a polymer material onto the rotor cup with the magnetic ring seated therein, the overmolding hermetically sealing the magnetic ring between the rotor cup and the impeller. 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. The method of claim 15, wherein the medical device comprises a respiratory therapy device configured to deliver high velocity respiratory fluid to a patient. 26. (canceled) | There is provided a rotatable impeller assembly for pumping caustic fluid byproducts in a medical device. The assembly comprises a rotor having a rotor cup, and an impeller having a rotor contacting surface and impeller blades. The assembly further comprises a magnetic ring seated within the cup. The magnetic ring comprises a first contact surface that is configured to mate with an inner surface of the cup, and a second contact surface that is configured to mate with the rotor contacting surface of the impeller. In such an arrangement, the magnetic ring is locked in position by the rotor cup and the impeller, thereby preventing any independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor and the impeller while automatically balancing the rotor. Further, the rotor contacting surface of the impeller is attached to the cup to hermetically seal the magnetic ring within the impeller assembly.1. A rotatable impeller assembly for pumping caustic fluid byproducts in a medical device, the impeller assembly comprising:
a rotor comprising a rotor cup; an impeller having a rotor contacting surface and impeller blades; and a magnetic ring seated within the rotor cup, the magnetic ring comprising a first contact surface that is configured to mate with an inner surface of the rotor cup, and a second contact surface that is configured to mate with the rotor contacting surface of the impeller, the magnetic ring thereby being locked in position by the inner surface of the rotor cup and the rotor contacting surface of the impeller so as to prevent any independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor cup and the impeller while automatically balancing the rotor, wherein the rotor contacting surface of the impeller is attached to the rotor cup to hermetically seal the magnetic ring within the impeller assembly. 2. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the rotor cup comprises a continuous ridge that mates with a corresponding groove formed in the first contact surface of the magnetic ring, thereby locking the magnetic ring in a fixed position relative to the rotor cup. 3. The impeller assembly of claim 2, wherein the continuous ridge comprises an O-ring. 4. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the magnetic ring comprises anti-rotation features to prevent the independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor cup and the impeller. 5. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the rotor contacting surface of the impeller comprises a tapered surface having at least one angle that complements at least one angle formed on the second contact surface of the magnetic ring, thereby locking the magnetic ring in a fixed position relative to the impeller. 6. The impeller assembly of claim 5, wherein the impeller assembly is automatically centered and balanced once the magnetic ring is locked in a fixed position. 7. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the hermetic seal locks the rotor, magnetic ring and impeller in position within the impeller assembly to prevent any independent rotation. 8. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the magnetic ring is formed by injection molding a slurry of plastic and magnetic material. 9. The impeller assembly of claim 8, wherein the rotor contacting surface of the impeller is attached to the rotor cup by spin welding or ultrasonic welding. 10. The impeller assembly of claim 9, wherein the impeller is formed by overmolding a polymer material onto the rotor cup with the magnetic ring seated therein, the overmolding hermetically sealing the magnetic ring between the rotor cup and the impeller. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The impeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the medical device comprises a respiratory therapy device configured to deliver high velocity respiratory fluid to a patient. 14. (canceled) 15. A method of manufacturing an impeller assembly for pumping caustic fluid byproducts in a medical device, the impeller assembly comprising a rotor and an impeller, the method comprising:
providing a rotor cup; positioning an impeller onto the rotor cup, the impeller having a rotor contacting surface and impeller blades; seating a magnetic ring within the rotor cup, the magnetic ring comprising a first contact surface that is configured to mate with an inner surface of the rotor cup, and a second contact surface that is configured to mate with the rotor contacting surface of the impeller; locking the magnetic ring between the inner surface of the rotor cup and the rotor contacting surface of the impeller so as to prevent any independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor cup and the impeller while automatically balancing the rotor; and forming a seal between the impeller and the rotor cup thereby sealing the magnetic ring within the impeller assembly. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising:
forming a continuous ridge in the rotor cup that mates with a corresponding groove formed in the first contact surface of the magnetic ring so as to lock the magnetic ring in a fixed position relative to the rotor cup. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the continuous ridge comprises an O-ring. 18. The method of claim 15, comprising:
forming anti-rotation features on the magnetic ring to prevent the independent rotation of the magnetic ring relative to the rotor cup and the impeller. 19. The method of claim 15, comprising:
forming a tapered surface on the rotor contacting surface of the impeller, the tapered surface having at least one angle that complements at least one angle formed on the second contact surface of the magnetic ring, thereby locking the magnetic ring in a fixed position relative to the impeller. 20. The method of claim 15, comprising:
forming the magnetic ring by injection molding a slurry of plastic and magnetic material. 21. The method of claim 20, comprising:
attaching the rotor contacting surface of the impeller to the rotor cup by spin welding or ultrasonic welding. 22. The method of claim 21, comprising:
forming the impeller by overmolding a polymer material onto the rotor cup with the magnetic ring seated therein, the overmolding hermetically sealing the magnetic ring between the rotor cup and the impeller. 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. The method of claim 15, wherein the medical device comprises a respiratory therapy device configured to deliver high velocity respiratory fluid to a patient. 26. (canceled) | 3,600 |
345,850 | 16,804,262 | 3,634 | Embodiments of this application disclose an offloading method and a related device in a roaming scenario, to prevent traffic of a subscribed service of a roaming subscriber from looping back to a home location, thereby reducing inter-network traffic consumption. The method in this embodiment of this application includes: receiving, by a visited core network control plane V-CP, a first message from a home core network control plane H-CP, where the first message includes a local breakout LBO policy based on a subscribed service, and the subscribed service is a service on which local breakout needs to be performed and that is of a user; and sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to a visited core network user plane V-UP, so that the LBO policy is installed on the V-UP to implement local breakout processing for the subscribed service. | 1. A traffic offloading method in a roaming scenario, comprising:
sending, by a home core network control plane (H-CP), a first message to a visited core network control plane (V-CP), wherein the first message comprises a local breakout (LBO) policy based on a subscribed service, and the subscribed service is a service on which local breakout needs to be performed and the subscribed service is subscribed to by a user; receiving, by the V-CP, the first message from the H-CP; and sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to a visited core network user plane (V-UP), so that the LBO policy is installed on the V-UP to implement local breakout processing for the subscribed service. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the V-CP, the first message from the H-CP comprises:
receiving, by the V-CP by using a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity, the first message sent by a home session management function (H-SMF) entity; or receiving, by the V-CP by using a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity, the first message sent by a home policy control function (H-PCF entity). 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to the V-PCF entity by using the V-SMF entity; and determining, by the V-CP by using the V-PCF entity, whether the LBO policy is valid. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
determining, by the V-CP by using the V-PCF, whether the LBO policy is valid. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to the V-UP comprises:
sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to the V-UP by using the V-SMF entity. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the H-CP, the first message to the V-CP comprises:
sending, by the H-CP, the first message to a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity by using a home session management function (H-SMF) entity 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the H-CP, the first message to the V-CP comprises:
sending, by the H-CP, the first message to a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity by using a home policy control function (H-PCF) entity. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining, by the H-CP, the LBO policy. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining, by the H-CP, the LBO policy comprises:
configuring, by the H-CP, the LBO policy by using a home session management function (H-SMF) entity; receiving, by the H-CP, a second message from a home application server (H-AS), wherein the second message comprises the LBO policy; or obtaining, by the H-CP, the LBO policy from a home policy control function (H-PCF) entity. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first message comprises grant information of an operator at a roaming location. 11. A traffic offloading system, comprising a home core network control plane (H-CP) and a visited core network control plane (V-CP),
the H-CP is configured to: send a first message to the V-CP, wherein the first message comprises a local breakout (LBO) policy based on a subscribed service, and the subscribed service is a service on which local breakout needs to be performed and the subscribed service is subscribed to by a user; and the V-CP is configured to: receive the first message from the H-CP; and send the LBO policy to a visited core network user plane (V-UP), so that the LBO policy is installed on the V-UP to implement local breakout processing for the subscribed service. 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the V-CP is configured to: receive, by using a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity, the first message sent by a home session management function (H-SMF) entity; or receive, by using a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity, the first message sent by a home policy control function (H-PCF entity). 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the V-CP is configured to: send the LBO policy to the V-PCF entity by using the V-SMF entity; and determine, by using the V-PCF entity, whether the LBO policy is valid. 14. The system according to claim 12, wherein the V-CP is configured to: determine, by using the V-PCF, whether the LBO policy is valid. 15. The system according to claim 11, wherein the V-CP is configured to: send the LBO policy to the V-UP by using a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity. 16. The system according to claim 11, wherein the V-CP is configured to: send the first message to a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity by using a home session management function (H-SMF) entity 17. The system according to claim 11, wherein the H-CP is configured to: send the first message to a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity by using a home policy control function (H-PCF) entity. 18. The system according to claim 11, wherein the H-CP is configured to: obtain the LBO policy. 19. A visited core network control plane (V-CP), the V-CP comprises:
at least one processor, and a memory storing computer-executable instructions; wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the V-CP to: receive a first message from a home core network control plane (H-CP), wherein the first message comprises a local breakout (LBO) policy based on a subscribed service, and the subscribed service is a service on which local breakout needs to be performed and the subscribed service is subscribed to by a user; and send the LBO policy to a visited core network user plane (V-UP), so that the LBO policy is installed on the V-UP to implement local breakout processing for the subscribed service. 20. The V-CP according to claim 19, wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the V-CP to: receive, by using a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity, the first message from a home session management function (H-SMF) entity; or receive, by using a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity, the first message from a home policy control function (H-PCF) entity. | Embodiments of this application disclose an offloading method and a related device in a roaming scenario, to prevent traffic of a subscribed service of a roaming subscriber from looping back to a home location, thereby reducing inter-network traffic consumption. The method in this embodiment of this application includes: receiving, by a visited core network control plane V-CP, a first message from a home core network control plane H-CP, where the first message includes a local breakout LBO policy based on a subscribed service, and the subscribed service is a service on which local breakout needs to be performed and that is of a user; and sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to a visited core network user plane V-UP, so that the LBO policy is installed on the V-UP to implement local breakout processing for the subscribed service.1. A traffic offloading method in a roaming scenario, comprising:
sending, by a home core network control plane (H-CP), a first message to a visited core network control plane (V-CP), wherein the first message comprises a local breakout (LBO) policy based on a subscribed service, and the subscribed service is a service on which local breakout needs to be performed and the subscribed service is subscribed to by a user; receiving, by the V-CP, the first message from the H-CP; and sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to a visited core network user plane (V-UP), so that the LBO policy is installed on the V-UP to implement local breakout processing for the subscribed service. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the V-CP, the first message from the H-CP comprises:
receiving, by the V-CP by using a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity, the first message sent by a home session management function (H-SMF) entity; or receiving, by the V-CP by using a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity, the first message sent by a home policy control function (H-PCF entity). 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to the V-PCF entity by using the V-SMF entity; and determining, by the V-CP by using the V-PCF entity, whether the LBO policy is valid. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
determining, by the V-CP by using the V-PCF, whether the LBO policy is valid. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to the V-UP comprises:
sending, by the V-CP, the LBO policy to the V-UP by using the V-SMF entity. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the H-CP, the first message to the V-CP comprises:
sending, by the H-CP, the first message to a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity by using a home session management function (H-SMF) entity 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the H-CP, the first message to the V-CP comprises:
sending, by the H-CP, the first message to a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity by using a home policy control function (H-PCF) entity. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining, by the H-CP, the LBO policy. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining, by the H-CP, the LBO policy comprises:
configuring, by the H-CP, the LBO policy by using a home session management function (H-SMF) entity; receiving, by the H-CP, a second message from a home application server (H-AS), wherein the second message comprises the LBO policy; or obtaining, by the H-CP, the LBO policy from a home policy control function (H-PCF) entity. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first message comprises grant information of an operator at a roaming location. 11. A traffic offloading system, comprising a home core network control plane (H-CP) and a visited core network control plane (V-CP),
the H-CP is configured to: send a first message to the V-CP, wherein the first message comprises a local breakout (LBO) policy based on a subscribed service, and the subscribed service is a service on which local breakout needs to be performed and the subscribed service is subscribed to by a user; and the V-CP is configured to: receive the first message from the H-CP; and send the LBO policy to a visited core network user plane (V-UP), so that the LBO policy is installed on the V-UP to implement local breakout processing for the subscribed service. 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the V-CP is configured to: receive, by using a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity, the first message sent by a home session management function (H-SMF) entity; or receive, by using a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity, the first message sent by a home policy control function (H-PCF entity). 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the V-CP is configured to: send the LBO policy to the V-PCF entity by using the V-SMF entity; and determine, by using the V-PCF entity, whether the LBO policy is valid. 14. The system according to claim 12, wherein the V-CP is configured to: determine, by using the V-PCF, whether the LBO policy is valid. 15. The system according to claim 11, wherein the V-CP is configured to: send the LBO policy to the V-UP by using a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity. 16. The system according to claim 11, wherein the V-CP is configured to: send the first message to a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity by using a home session management function (H-SMF) entity 17. The system according to claim 11, wherein the H-CP is configured to: send the first message to a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity by using a home policy control function (H-PCF) entity. 18. The system according to claim 11, wherein the H-CP is configured to: obtain the LBO policy. 19. A visited core network control plane (V-CP), the V-CP comprises:
at least one processor, and a memory storing computer-executable instructions; wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the V-CP to: receive a first message from a home core network control plane (H-CP), wherein the first message comprises a local breakout (LBO) policy based on a subscribed service, and the subscribed service is a service on which local breakout needs to be performed and the subscribed service is subscribed to by a user; and send the LBO policy to a visited core network user plane (V-UP), so that the LBO policy is installed on the V-UP to implement local breakout processing for the subscribed service. 20. The V-CP according to claim 19, wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the V-CP to: receive, by using a visited session management function (V-SMF) entity, the first message from a home session management function (H-SMF) entity; or receive, by using a visited policy control function (V-PCF) entity, the first message from a home policy control function (H-PCF) entity. | 3,600 |
345,851 | 16,804,294 | 3,634 | A heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline, which comprises a heating section, a heat dissipation section and a constant temperature section, wherein the heating section and the heat dissipation section are mounted on an oil and gas pipeline. The heating section heats the oil and gas pipeline to simultaneously heat the wall of the oil and gas pipeline and fluid in the oil and gas pipeline. A work station to be welded is heated by utilizing flowing of the fluid and heat conduction of the wall of the oil and gas pipeline. The heat dissipation section is mounted on the oil and gas pipeline. The heat dissipation section recovers the heat of the oil and gas pipeline by utilizing state change of a heat transfer medium in the heat dissipation section and also transfers the heat to the heating section through the constant temperature section | 1. A heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline, said device comprising a heating section, a constant temperature section and a heat dissipation section, wherein the heating section is formed by a plurality of heating sleeves; the heating sleeve covers an oil and gas pipeline and is a bi-layer oil and gas pipeline; a sandwich layer of the bi-layer oil and gas pipeline in communication with a heated tube in the constant temperature section; the constant temperature section comprising a bi-layer constant temperature tube, the heated tube, a cooling device and a booster pump; a partition board is arranged at the middle portion of the constant temperature tube to divide the constant temperature tube into two uncommunicated portions; the heated tube is located in the constant temperature tube; a portion, close to the heating section, of the heated tube is communicated with the sandwich layer of the heating sleeve to form a whole body, in which heat transfer oil is filled; the heat dissipation section is formed by a plurality of heat dissipation sleeves; the heat dissipation sleeve has the same structure as the heating sleeve; a hollow portion of the heat dissipation sleeve is communicated with the constant temperature tube and is filled with a heat transfer medium; the booster pump is mounted at a portion, close to the heat dissipation section, of the constant temperature tube to improve evaporation temperature of the heat transfer medium in a pressurizing manner; the high-temperature gaseous heat transfer medium is condensed to be liquid at the low-temperature heated tube, and the heat is transferred to the heated tube. 2. The heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein an induction coil is arranged on an inner wall of a portion, close to the heating section, of the constant temperature tube and is used for heating the heated tube; a channel is formed in the induction coil and is used for allowing flowing of cooling water to prevent temperature increase of the induction coil from influencing heating efficiency. 3. The heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline according to claim 2, wherein a cooling device is arranged outside the constant temperature tube; the cooling device is directly in contact with an inner wall of the constant temperature tube to cool down the inner wall of the constant temperature tube and prevent the induction coil from overheating. 4. The heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline according to claim 3, wherein the constant temperature tube is bilayer; a portion, at which the partition board is located, of the constant temperature tube is one layer; an outer wall of the constant temperature tube at such portion is broken; the inner wall of the constant temperature tube is directly in contact with the cooling device to improve cooling efficiency. 5. The heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline according to claim 3, wherein the cooling device comprises a fan, cooling fins, and a sandwich layer is filled with heat transfer oil; the heat transfer oil transfers the heat of the inner wall of the constant temperature tube to the cooling fins; a shell is arranged outside the cooling fins and is provided with a plurality air holes; the fan is mounted on the shell; an air incoming direction of the fan faces to the cooling fins. | A heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline, which comprises a heating section, a heat dissipation section and a constant temperature section, wherein the heating section and the heat dissipation section are mounted on an oil and gas pipeline. The heating section heats the oil and gas pipeline to simultaneously heat the wall of the oil and gas pipeline and fluid in the oil and gas pipeline. A work station to be welded is heated by utilizing flowing of the fluid and heat conduction of the wall of the oil and gas pipeline. The heat dissipation section is mounted on the oil and gas pipeline. The heat dissipation section recovers the heat of the oil and gas pipeline by utilizing state change of a heat transfer medium in the heat dissipation section and also transfers the heat to the heating section through the constant temperature section1. A heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline, said device comprising a heating section, a constant temperature section and a heat dissipation section, wherein the heating section is formed by a plurality of heating sleeves; the heating sleeve covers an oil and gas pipeline and is a bi-layer oil and gas pipeline; a sandwich layer of the bi-layer oil and gas pipeline in communication with a heated tube in the constant temperature section; the constant temperature section comprising a bi-layer constant temperature tube, the heated tube, a cooling device and a booster pump; a partition board is arranged at the middle portion of the constant temperature tube to divide the constant temperature tube into two uncommunicated portions; the heated tube is located in the constant temperature tube; a portion, close to the heating section, of the heated tube is communicated with the sandwich layer of the heating sleeve to form a whole body, in which heat transfer oil is filled; the heat dissipation section is formed by a plurality of heat dissipation sleeves; the heat dissipation sleeve has the same structure as the heating sleeve; a hollow portion of the heat dissipation sleeve is communicated with the constant temperature tube and is filled with a heat transfer medium; the booster pump is mounted at a portion, close to the heat dissipation section, of the constant temperature tube to improve evaporation temperature of the heat transfer medium in a pressurizing manner; the high-temperature gaseous heat transfer medium is condensed to be liquid at the low-temperature heated tube, and the heat is transferred to the heated tube. 2. The heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein an induction coil is arranged on an inner wall of a portion, close to the heating section, of the constant temperature tube and is used for heating the heated tube; a channel is formed in the induction coil and is used for allowing flowing of cooling water to prevent temperature increase of the induction coil from influencing heating efficiency. 3. The heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline according to claim 2, wherein a cooling device is arranged outside the constant temperature tube; the cooling device is directly in contact with an inner wall of the constant temperature tube to cool down the inner wall of the constant temperature tube and prevent the induction coil from overheating. 4. The heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline according to claim 3, wherein the constant temperature tube is bilayer; a portion, at which the partition board is located, of the constant temperature tube is one layer; an outer wall of the constant temperature tube at such portion is broken; the inner wall of the constant temperature tube is directly in contact with the cooling device to improve cooling efficiency. 5. The heating device for in-service welding of oil and gas pipeline according to claim 3, wherein the cooling device comprises a fan, cooling fins, and a sandwich layer is filled with heat transfer oil; the heat transfer oil transfers the heat of the inner wall of the constant temperature tube to the cooling fins; a shell is arranged outside the cooling fins and is provided with a plurality air holes; the fan is mounted on the shell; an air incoming direction of the fan faces to the cooling fins. | 3,600 |
345,852 | 16,804,278 | 3,634 | An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a front plate, a display panel disposed in an internal space of the electronic device visible through at least a portion of the front plate, and a camera module disposed in the internal space and including an image sensor disposed close to the display panel, in which the display panel has a first area having at least one of a first wire density or a first pixel density, a second area surrounded by the first area and having at least one of a second wire density lower than the first wire density or a second pixel density lower than the first pixel density, and a third area surrounded by the second area and at least partially overlapping a center of the image sensor when viewing the front plate from above. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a front plate; a display panel disposed in an internal space of the electronic device visible through at least a portion of the front plate; and a camera module disposed in the internal space and including an image sensor disposed close to the display panel, wherein the display panel comprises:
a first area having at least one of a first wire density or a first pixel density,
a second area surrounded by the first area and having at least one of a second wire density lower than the first wire density or a second pixel density lower than the first pixel density, and
a third area surrounded by the second area and at least partially overlapping a center of the image sensor when viewing the front plate from above. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein when a distance of a virtual straight line from the center of the image sensor to a diagonal corner of the image sensor is defined as 1 F (field), the second area comprises a circular area having a range of 0.5 F to 1 F as a radius. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the wire density and/or pixel density of the second area is determined based on a lens value of the camera module and a surrounding light amount. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the wire density or the pixel density of the second area is determined with a proportion smaller than 1-(0.1/surrounding light amount). 5. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a polarizer (POL) disposed between the front plate and the display panel,
wherein the POL has a first opening formed at a position overlapping at least the camera module when viewing the front plate from above. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the first opening is disposed at a position overlapping the second area and the third area when viewing the front plate from above. 7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the first opening is disposed at a position partially overlapping at least a portion of the first area when viewing the front plate from above. 8. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the first opening is filled with an index matching material to improve visibility of a removed portion of the display panel according to reflection. 9. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the front plate has a curved portion protruding outward in an area overlapping the opening when viewing the front sheet from above. 10. The electronic device of claim 5, further comprising:
a first adhesive layer disposed between the front plate and the POL; and a second adhesive layer disposed between the POL and the display panel. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first adhesive layer or the second adhesive layer comprise at least one of an optical clear adhesive (OCA), a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), a thermally reactive adhesive, a normal adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 12. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first adhesive layer or the second adhesive layer further comprise a translucent coating material at least partially disposed to improve visibility of a removed area of the display panel. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the translucent coating material overlaps the second area and the third area when viewing the front plate from above. 14. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising at least one subsidiary material layer disposed on the rear side of the display panel,
wherein the subsidiary material layer has a second opening overlapping at least the camera module when viewing the front plate from above. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the camera module is disposed to be close to or to be in contact with the display panel through the second opening. 16. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the subsidiary material layer comprises:
at least one polymer disposed on a rear side of the display panel; and at least one functional member disposed on a rear side of the polymer member. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the at least one polymer member comprises at least one of an embossed layer or a cushion layer. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein at least one functional member comprises at least one of a graphite sheet, a conductive plate, an added display, a force touch flexible printed circuit board (FPCB), a fingerprint sensor FPCB, a communication antenna emitter, a heat dissipation sheet, a conductive/nonconductive tape, or an open cell sponge. 19. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the second opening is disposed at a position overlapping the second area and the third area when viewing the front plate from above. 20. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the second opening is disposed at a position partially overlapping at least a portion of the first area when viewing the front plate from above. | An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a front plate, a display panel disposed in an internal space of the electronic device visible through at least a portion of the front plate, and a camera module disposed in the internal space and including an image sensor disposed close to the display panel, in which the display panel has a first area having at least one of a first wire density or a first pixel density, a second area surrounded by the first area and having at least one of a second wire density lower than the first wire density or a second pixel density lower than the first pixel density, and a third area surrounded by the second area and at least partially overlapping a center of the image sensor when viewing the front plate from above.1. An electronic device comprising:
a front plate; a display panel disposed in an internal space of the electronic device visible through at least a portion of the front plate; and a camera module disposed in the internal space and including an image sensor disposed close to the display panel, wherein the display panel comprises:
a first area having at least one of a first wire density or a first pixel density,
a second area surrounded by the first area and having at least one of a second wire density lower than the first wire density or a second pixel density lower than the first pixel density, and
a third area surrounded by the second area and at least partially overlapping a center of the image sensor when viewing the front plate from above. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein when a distance of a virtual straight line from the center of the image sensor to a diagonal corner of the image sensor is defined as 1 F (field), the second area comprises a circular area having a range of 0.5 F to 1 F as a radius. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the wire density and/or pixel density of the second area is determined based on a lens value of the camera module and a surrounding light amount. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the wire density or the pixel density of the second area is determined with a proportion smaller than 1-(0.1/surrounding light amount). 5. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a polarizer (POL) disposed between the front plate and the display panel,
wherein the POL has a first opening formed at a position overlapping at least the camera module when viewing the front plate from above. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the first opening is disposed at a position overlapping the second area and the third area when viewing the front plate from above. 7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the first opening is disposed at a position partially overlapping at least a portion of the first area when viewing the front plate from above. 8. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the first opening is filled with an index matching material to improve visibility of a removed portion of the display panel according to reflection. 9. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the front plate has a curved portion protruding outward in an area overlapping the opening when viewing the front sheet from above. 10. The electronic device of claim 5, further comprising:
a first adhesive layer disposed between the front plate and the POL; and a second adhesive layer disposed between the POL and the display panel. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first adhesive layer or the second adhesive layer comprise at least one of an optical clear adhesive (OCA), a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), a thermally reactive adhesive, a normal adhesive, or a double-sided tape. 12. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first adhesive layer or the second adhesive layer further comprise a translucent coating material at least partially disposed to improve visibility of a removed area of the display panel. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the translucent coating material overlaps the second area and the third area when viewing the front plate from above. 14. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising at least one subsidiary material layer disposed on the rear side of the display panel,
wherein the subsidiary material layer has a second opening overlapping at least the camera module when viewing the front plate from above. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the camera module is disposed to be close to or to be in contact with the display panel through the second opening. 16. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the subsidiary material layer comprises:
at least one polymer disposed on a rear side of the display panel; and at least one functional member disposed on a rear side of the polymer member. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the at least one polymer member comprises at least one of an embossed layer or a cushion layer. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein at least one functional member comprises at least one of a graphite sheet, a conductive plate, an added display, a force touch flexible printed circuit board (FPCB), a fingerprint sensor FPCB, a communication antenna emitter, a heat dissipation sheet, a conductive/nonconductive tape, or an open cell sponge. 19. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the second opening is disposed at a position overlapping the second area and the third area when viewing the front plate from above. 20. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the second opening is disposed at a position partially overlapping at least a portion of the first area when viewing the front plate from above. | 3,600 |
345,853 | 16,804,287 | 2,883 | A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch Λ, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3. | 1. An integrated grating coupler comprising:
a grating coupler formed on a first chip, the grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a second chip, wherein the grating coupler comprises:
a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1;
a grating structure having grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n2, wherein the grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch Λ, wherein the second refractive index n2 is greater than first refractive index n1; and
a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3, wherein the third refractive index n3 is less than the second refractive index n2; and
a gain region connected to the first end of the grating coupler either directly or through a waveguide, wherein the laser structure comprises:
a substrate identical to a substrate of the grating coupler;
an active layer having a first thickness d1, the active layer being arranged on the substrate, wherein the active layer is connected to the grating structure of the grating coupler; and
a cladding layer arranged on the active layer, the cladding layer having a second thickness d2 is connected to the cladding layer of the grating coupler. 2. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the active layer consists of a multiple quantum well structure. 3. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating structure further includes a guide layer to form a grating geometry connecting the grating lines on the guide layer, wherein the guide layer having a thickness d is arranged on the substrate. 4. The integrated grating coupler of claim 3, wherein the grating structure further includes sub-gratings having line width w2 and the height d and a second pitch Λ2, wherein the pitch Λ is greater than the second pitch Λ2, wherein the sub-grating lines are arranged on at least one side of each of the grating lines. 5. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, further comprising an end anti-reflection film arranged on the second end. 6. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the gain region includes a wavelength selective reflector combined with the active layer. 7. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the gain region further comprises first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the laser-cladding layer, wherein the second electrode is electrically connected to a surface of the first chip or a surface of the second chip. 8. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the second chip includes a Si3N4 waveguide. 9. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating structure includes a waveguide layer to form a grating geometry connecting the grating lines on the waveguide layer, wherein the waveguide layer having a thickness d is arranged on the substrate. 10. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the pitch Λ is changed from the first end to the second end to focus the light beam on the waveguide of the chip according to a function of distances. 11. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein a ratio w/Λ between the line width w and the pitch Λ over is arranged to be approximately 0.5 for reducing a second order diffraction of the light beam from the grating structure. 12. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes an end anti-reflection film arranged on the second end. 13. The integrated grating coupler of claim 12, wherein the end anti-reflection film consists of at least two layers with different materials. 14. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes a dielectric film arranged on the cladding layer. 15. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the third refractive index n3 of the cladding layer is approximately the same as the first refractive index n1 of the substrate. 16. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, further comprising a second cladding layer arranged between the grating structure and the cladding layer, wherein the second cladding layer has a fourth refractive index n4, wherein the fourth refractive index n4 is less than the third refractive index n3. 17. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating lines are elliptic grating lines arranged to focus the light beam to the waveguide of the chip. 18. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, further comprising a second waveguide layer arranged on the substrate, wherein the grating lines of the grating structure are separately arranged above the second waveguide layer and burred in the cladding layer. 19. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating lines of the grating structure are separately arranged between the substrate and the cladding layer. 20. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the substrate is an InP substrate. | A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch Λ, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3.1. An integrated grating coupler comprising:
a grating coupler formed on a first chip, the grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a second chip, wherein the grating coupler comprises:
a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1;
a grating structure having grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n2, wherein the grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch Λ, wherein the second refractive index n2 is greater than first refractive index n1; and
a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3, wherein the third refractive index n3 is less than the second refractive index n2; and
a gain region connected to the first end of the grating coupler either directly or through a waveguide, wherein the laser structure comprises:
a substrate identical to a substrate of the grating coupler;
an active layer having a first thickness d1, the active layer being arranged on the substrate, wherein the active layer is connected to the grating structure of the grating coupler; and
a cladding layer arranged on the active layer, the cladding layer having a second thickness d2 is connected to the cladding layer of the grating coupler. 2. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the active layer consists of a multiple quantum well structure. 3. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating structure further includes a guide layer to form a grating geometry connecting the grating lines on the guide layer, wherein the guide layer having a thickness d is arranged on the substrate. 4. The integrated grating coupler of claim 3, wherein the grating structure further includes sub-gratings having line width w2 and the height d and a second pitch Λ2, wherein the pitch Λ is greater than the second pitch Λ2, wherein the sub-grating lines are arranged on at least one side of each of the grating lines. 5. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, further comprising an end anti-reflection film arranged on the second end. 6. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the gain region includes a wavelength selective reflector combined with the active layer. 7. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the gain region further comprises first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the laser-cladding layer, wherein the second electrode is electrically connected to a surface of the first chip or a surface of the second chip. 8. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the second chip includes a Si3N4 waveguide. 9. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating structure includes a waveguide layer to form a grating geometry connecting the grating lines on the waveguide layer, wherein the waveguide layer having a thickness d is arranged on the substrate. 10. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the pitch Λ is changed from the first end to the second end to focus the light beam on the waveguide of the chip according to a function of distances. 11. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein a ratio w/Λ between the line width w and the pitch Λ over is arranged to be approximately 0.5 for reducing a second order diffraction of the light beam from the grating structure. 12. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes an end anti-reflection film arranged on the second end. 13. The integrated grating coupler of claim 12, wherein the end anti-reflection film consists of at least two layers with different materials. 14. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes a dielectric film arranged on the cladding layer. 15. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the third refractive index n3 of the cladding layer is approximately the same as the first refractive index n1 of the substrate. 16. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, further comprising a second cladding layer arranged between the grating structure and the cladding layer, wherein the second cladding layer has a fourth refractive index n4, wherein the fourth refractive index n4 is less than the third refractive index n3. 17. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating lines are elliptic grating lines arranged to focus the light beam to the waveguide of the chip. 18. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, further comprising a second waveguide layer arranged on the substrate, wherein the grating lines of the grating structure are separately arranged above the second waveguide layer and burred in the cladding layer. 19. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the grating lines of the grating structure are separately arranged between the substrate and the cladding layer. 20. The integrated grating coupler of claim 1, wherein the substrate is an InP substrate. | 2,800 |
345,854 | 16,804,296 | 2,883 | An apparatus setup system includes: a first electronic apparatus; and a second electronic apparatus, the first electronic apparatus including a first controller module configured to generate a package file where an export instruction is input, the export instruction instructing to export an application, the package file at least including the application identifier and an electronic apparatus identifier of one different electronic apparatus, the second electronic apparatus including a second controller module configured to where the package file is input, check the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file against the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, and where it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, activate the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. | 1. An apparatus setup system, comprising:
a first electronic apparatus; and a second electronic apparatus, the first electronic apparatus including
a first storage device that stores an application and an application identifier unique to the application, and
a first controller module configured to generate a package file where an export instruction is input, the export instruction instructing to export an application, the package file at least including the application identifier and an electronic apparatus identifier of one different electronic apparatus,
the second electronic apparatus including
a second storage device that stores an electronic apparatus identifier identifying the second electronic apparatus from a different electronic apparatus, and
a second controller module configured to
where the package file is input, check the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file against the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, and
where it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, activate the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. 2. The apparatus setup system according to claim 1, wherein
the second controller module is configured to where it is determined that the package file fails to include an activation key for activating the application and it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, activate the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. 3. The apparatus setup system according to claim 2, wherein
the second controller module is configured to activate the application, a number of functions of the application activated by using the activation key being larger than a number of functions of the application activated without the activation key. 4. The apparatus setup system according to claim 2, wherein
the first controller module is configured to inactivate the application and output the activation key where a function lock instruction is input in the first electronic apparatus, the function lock instruction instructing to lock a function of the application. 5. The apparatus setup system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a server apparatus including a remote input module configured to input the export instruction in the first electronic apparatus via a communication network, and input the package file in the second electronic apparatus via communication network. 6. An apparatus setup method of setting up a second electronic apparatus executable by an apparatus setup system, the apparatus setup system including a first electronic apparatus and the second electronic apparatus, the first electronic apparatus including a first input module and a first controller module, the second electronic apparatus including a second input module and a second controller module, the apparatus setup method comprising:
inputting, by the first input module, an export instruction in the first controller module, the export instruction instructing to export an application; outputting, by the first controller module, a package file where the export instruction is input, the package file at least including an electronic apparatus identifier of the second electronic apparatus and an application identifier unique to the application; inputting, by the second input module, the package file in the second controller module; where the package file is input, checking, by the second controller module, the electronic apparatus identifier of the second electronic apparatus included in the input package file against an electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second electronic apparatus; and where it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier of the second electronic apparatus included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second electronic apparatus, activating, by the second controller module, the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. 7. An electronic apparatus, comprising:
a storage device; an input module; and a controller module, the storage device storing
an application,
an application identifier unique to the application, and
an electronic apparatus identifier identifying the electronic apparatus from a different electronic apparatus,
the input module being configured to input an export instruction and a package file in the electronic apparatus, the export instruction instructing to export the application, the package file being used to import the application, the controller module being configured to
generate the package file where the export instruction is input, the package file at least including the application identifier and the electronic apparatus identifier of one different electronic apparatus,
where the package file is input, check the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file against the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the storage device, and
where it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the storage device, activate the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. | An apparatus setup system includes: a first electronic apparatus; and a second electronic apparatus, the first electronic apparatus including a first controller module configured to generate a package file where an export instruction is input, the export instruction instructing to export an application, the package file at least including the application identifier and an electronic apparatus identifier of one different electronic apparatus, the second electronic apparatus including a second controller module configured to where the package file is input, check the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file against the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, and where it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, activate the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file.1. An apparatus setup system, comprising:
a first electronic apparatus; and a second electronic apparatus, the first electronic apparatus including
a first storage device that stores an application and an application identifier unique to the application, and
a first controller module configured to generate a package file where an export instruction is input, the export instruction instructing to export an application, the package file at least including the application identifier and an electronic apparatus identifier of one different electronic apparatus,
the second electronic apparatus including
a second storage device that stores an electronic apparatus identifier identifying the second electronic apparatus from a different electronic apparatus, and
a second controller module configured to
where the package file is input, check the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file against the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, and
where it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, activate the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. 2. The apparatus setup system according to claim 1, wherein
the second controller module is configured to where it is determined that the package file fails to include an activation key for activating the application and it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second storage device, activate the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. 3. The apparatus setup system according to claim 2, wherein
the second controller module is configured to activate the application, a number of functions of the application activated by using the activation key being larger than a number of functions of the application activated without the activation key. 4. The apparatus setup system according to claim 2, wherein
the first controller module is configured to inactivate the application and output the activation key where a function lock instruction is input in the first electronic apparatus, the function lock instruction instructing to lock a function of the application. 5. The apparatus setup system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a server apparatus including a remote input module configured to input the export instruction in the first electronic apparatus via a communication network, and input the package file in the second electronic apparatus via communication network. 6. An apparatus setup method of setting up a second electronic apparatus executable by an apparatus setup system, the apparatus setup system including a first electronic apparatus and the second electronic apparatus, the first electronic apparatus including a first input module and a first controller module, the second electronic apparatus including a second input module and a second controller module, the apparatus setup method comprising:
inputting, by the first input module, an export instruction in the first controller module, the export instruction instructing to export an application; outputting, by the first controller module, a package file where the export instruction is input, the package file at least including an electronic apparatus identifier of the second electronic apparatus and an application identifier unique to the application; inputting, by the second input module, the package file in the second controller module; where the package file is input, checking, by the second controller module, the electronic apparatus identifier of the second electronic apparatus included in the input package file against an electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second electronic apparatus; and where it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier of the second electronic apparatus included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the second electronic apparatus, activating, by the second controller module, the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. 7. An electronic apparatus, comprising:
a storage device; an input module; and a controller module, the storage device storing
an application,
an application identifier unique to the application, and
an electronic apparatus identifier identifying the electronic apparatus from a different electronic apparatus,
the input module being configured to input an export instruction and a package file in the electronic apparatus, the export instruction instructing to export the application, the package file being used to import the application, the controller module being configured to
generate the package file where the export instruction is input, the package file at least including the application identifier and the electronic apparatus identifier of one different electronic apparatus,
where the package file is input, check the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file against the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the storage device, and
where it is determined that the electronic apparatus identifier included in the input package file matches the electronic apparatus identifier stored in the storage device, activate the application identified by the application identifier included in the package file. | 2,800 |
345,855 | 16,804,276 | 2,883 | A query processing method may include receiving a query based on an utterance of a user and a context associated with the user; analyzing an intent of the user for the query based on a natural language understanding (NLU) for the query; and in response to the intent of the user being undetermined through the analyzing, predicting the intent of the user using a deep learning based probabilistic model having the query and the context as an input. | 1. A query processing method of a computer apparatus comprising at least one processor, the method comprising:
by the at least one processor, receiving a query based on an utterance of a user and a context associated with the user; analyzing the query for an intent of the user based on a natural language understanding (NLU) for the query; and in response to the intent of the user being undetermined from the analyzing of the query, predicting the intent of the user using a deep learning based probabilistic model having the query and the context as an input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the context includes information about at least a portion of a dialog history associated with the user and a status for each of a plurality of items of a device of the user receiving the utterance of the user. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicting of the intent of the user comprises generating an entire representation for an intent prediction by concatenating at least two of a Dialog Flow Representation including a transition sequence of a dialog state acquired based on a dialog history included in the context, a Device Status Representation including a status vector about statuses of a device further included in the context, and a Sentence Representation including a tokenized input sentence for the query, and predicting, as the intent of the user, an intent that is determined based on a statistical probability corresponding to the entire representation through the deep learning based probabilistic model. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the Dialog Flow Representation includes a state transition sequence of the dialog history acquired through a neural net based classification model that is trained to determine a state of an input dialog. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the Device Status Representation includes a status vector of the device acquired using a neural net based classification model that is trained to output one of statuses preset for a specific item based on status information of the specific item. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the Sentence Representation includes a tokenized input sentence for the query acquired using a neural net based classification model that is trained to tokenize an input sentence and to output a sequence of tokenized texts. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
by the at least one processor, providing a response based on the predicted intent. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the providing of the response comprises:
specifying a function based on the predicted intent, and generating and forwarding a confirmation response for receiving a confirmation from the user on execution of the specified function or a guide response for providing a guide about a method of using the specified function. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the providing of the response comprises generating the response by further using a partial analysis result acquired based on the NLU for the query. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the partial analysis result includes information about a target of the predicted intent. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing of the intent of the user comprises analyzing the intent of the user by further using a dialog state management based on the context. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
by the at least one processor, in response to the intent of the user being determined through the analyzing, providing a response based on the determined intent. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable record medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the query processing method of claim 1. 14. A computer apparatus comprising:
at least one processor configured to execute computer-readable instructions, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive a query based on an utterance of a user and a context associated with the user, analyze the query for an intent of the user based on a natural language understanding (NLU) for the query, and in response to the intent of the user being undetermined from the analyzing of the query, predict the intent of the user using a deep learning based probabilistic model having the query and the context as an input. 15. The computer apparatus of claim 14, wherein the context includes information about at least a portion of a dialog history associated with the user and a status for each of a plurality of items of a device of the user receiving the utterance of the user. 16. The computer apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to
generate an entire representation for an intent prediction by connecting at least two of a Dialog Flow Representation including a transition sequence of a dialog state acquired based on a dialog history included in the context, a Device Status Representation including a status vector about states of a device further included in the context, and a Sentence Representation including a tokenized input sentence for the query, and predict, as the intent of the user, an intent that is determined based on a statistical probability corresponding to the entire representation through the deep learning based probabilistic model. 17. The computer apparatus of claim 16, wherein the Dialog Flow Representation includes a state transition sequence of the dialog history acquired through a neural net based classification model that is trained to determine a state of an input dialog. 18. The computer apparatus of claim 16, wherein the Device Status Representation includes a status vector of the device acquired using a neural net based classification model that is trained to output one of statuses preset for a specific item based on status information of the specific item. 19. The computer apparatus of claim 16, wherein the Sentence Representation includes a tokenized input sentence for the query acquired using a neural net based classification model that is trained to tokenize an input sentence and to output a sequence of tokenized texts. | A query processing method may include receiving a query based on an utterance of a user and a context associated with the user; analyzing an intent of the user for the query based on a natural language understanding (NLU) for the query; and in response to the intent of the user being undetermined through the analyzing, predicting the intent of the user using a deep learning based probabilistic model having the query and the context as an input.1. A query processing method of a computer apparatus comprising at least one processor, the method comprising:
by the at least one processor, receiving a query based on an utterance of a user and a context associated with the user; analyzing the query for an intent of the user based on a natural language understanding (NLU) for the query; and in response to the intent of the user being undetermined from the analyzing of the query, predicting the intent of the user using a deep learning based probabilistic model having the query and the context as an input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the context includes information about at least a portion of a dialog history associated with the user and a status for each of a plurality of items of a device of the user receiving the utterance of the user. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicting of the intent of the user comprises generating an entire representation for an intent prediction by concatenating at least two of a Dialog Flow Representation including a transition sequence of a dialog state acquired based on a dialog history included in the context, a Device Status Representation including a status vector about statuses of a device further included in the context, and a Sentence Representation including a tokenized input sentence for the query, and predicting, as the intent of the user, an intent that is determined based on a statistical probability corresponding to the entire representation through the deep learning based probabilistic model. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the Dialog Flow Representation includes a state transition sequence of the dialog history acquired through a neural net based classification model that is trained to determine a state of an input dialog. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the Device Status Representation includes a status vector of the device acquired using a neural net based classification model that is trained to output one of statuses preset for a specific item based on status information of the specific item. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the Sentence Representation includes a tokenized input sentence for the query acquired using a neural net based classification model that is trained to tokenize an input sentence and to output a sequence of tokenized texts. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
by the at least one processor, providing a response based on the predicted intent. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the providing of the response comprises:
specifying a function based on the predicted intent, and generating and forwarding a confirmation response for receiving a confirmation from the user on execution of the specified function or a guide response for providing a guide about a method of using the specified function. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the providing of the response comprises generating the response by further using a partial analysis result acquired based on the NLU for the query. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the partial analysis result includes information about a target of the predicted intent. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing of the intent of the user comprises analyzing the intent of the user by further using a dialog state management based on the context. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
by the at least one processor, in response to the intent of the user being determined through the analyzing, providing a response based on the determined intent. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable record medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the query processing method of claim 1. 14. A computer apparatus comprising:
at least one processor configured to execute computer-readable instructions, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive a query based on an utterance of a user and a context associated with the user, analyze the query for an intent of the user based on a natural language understanding (NLU) for the query, and in response to the intent of the user being undetermined from the analyzing of the query, predict the intent of the user using a deep learning based probabilistic model having the query and the context as an input. 15. The computer apparatus of claim 14, wherein the context includes information about at least a portion of a dialog history associated with the user and a status for each of a plurality of items of a device of the user receiving the utterance of the user. 16. The computer apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to
generate an entire representation for an intent prediction by connecting at least two of a Dialog Flow Representation including a transition sequence of a dialog state acquired based on a dialog history included in the context, a Device Status Representation including a status vector about states of a device further included in the context, and a Sentence Representation including a tokenized input sentence for the query, and predict, as the intent of the user, an intent that is determined based on a statistical probability corresponding to the entire representation through the deep learning based probabilistic model. 17. The computer apparatus of claim 16, wherein the Dialog Flow Representation includes a state transition sequence of the dialog history acquired through a neural net based classification model that is trained to determine a state of an input dialog. 18. The computer apparatus of claim 16, wherein the Device Status Representation includes a status vector of the device acquired using a neural net based classification model that is trained to output one of statuses preset for a specific item based on status information of the specific item. 19. The computer apparatus of claim 16, wherein the Sentence Representation includes a tokenized input sentence for the query acquired using a neural net based classification model that is trained to tokenize an input sentence and to output a sequence of tokenized texts. | 2,800 |
345,856 | 16,804,269 | 2,883 | A compound including a first ligand LX of Formula II | 1. A compound comprising a first ligand LX of Formula II 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the ligand LX has a structure of Formula IV 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein each RF, RH, and RI is independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, boryl, and combinations thereof. 4. The compound of claim 2, wherein the metal M is selected from the group consisting of Ir, Rh, Re, Ru, Os, Pt, Au, and Cu. 5. The compound of claim 2, wherein Y is O. 6. The compound of claim 2, wherein n is 1. 7. The compound of claim 2, wherein n is 1, A5 to A8 are each C, a first 6-membered ring is fused to A5 and A6, and a second 6-membered ring is fused to the first 6-membered ring but not ring H. 8. The compound of claim 2, wherein the ring F is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, and N-heterocyclic carbene. 9. The compound of claim 2, wherein the first ligand LX is selected from the group consisting of: 10. The compound of claim 2, wherein the first ligand LX is selected from the group consisting of LX1-1 to LX897-38 with the general numbering formula LXh-m, and LX1-39 to LX1446-57 with the general numbering formula LXi-n;
wherein h is an integer from 1 to 897, i is an integer from 1 to 1446, m is an integer from 1 to 38 referring to Structure 1 to Structure 38, and n is an integer from 39 to 57 referring to Structure 39 to Structure 57; 11. The compound of claim 2, wherein the compound has a formula of M(LA)x(LB)y(LC)z wherein each one of LB and LC is a bidentate ligand; and wherein x is 1, 2, or 3; y is 0, 1, or 2; z is 0, 1, or 2; and x+y+z is the oxidation state of the metal M. 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein the compound has a formula selected from the group consisting of Ir(LA)3, Ir(LA)(LB)2, Ir(LA)2(LB), Ir(LA)2(LC), and Ir(LA)(LB)(LC); and wherein LA, LB, and LC are different from each other; or the compound has a formula of Pt(LA)(LB); and wherein LA and LB can be same or different. 13. The compound of claim 11, wherein LB and LC are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 14. The compound of claim 10, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Ir(LX1-1)3 to Ir(LX897-38)3 with the general numbering formula Ir(LXh-m)3, Ir(LX1-39)3 to Ir(LX1446-57)3 with the general numbering formula Ir(LXi-n)3, Ir(LX1-1)(LB1)2 to Ir(LX897-38)(LB263)2 with the general numbering formula Ir(LXh-m)(LBk)2, Ir(LX1-39)(LB1)2 to Ir(LX1446-57)(LB263)2 with the general numbering formula Ir(LXi-n)(LBk)2;
wherein k is an integer from 1 to 263; wherein LBk has the following structures: 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 16. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound comprising a first ligand LX of Formula II 17. The OLED of claim 16, wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound can be an emissive dopant or a non-emissive dopant. 18. The OLED of claim 16, wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, wherein host contains at least one chemical group selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, azatriphenylene, azacarbazole, aza-dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzofuran, and aza-dibenzoselenophene. 19. The OLED of claim 18, wherein the host is selected from the group consisting of: 20. A consumer product comprising an organic light-emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound comprising a first ligand LX of Formula II | A compound including a first ligand LX of Formula II1. A compound comprising a first ligand LX of Formula II 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the ligand LX has a structure of Formula IV 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein each RF, RH, and RI is independently a hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, fluorine, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, boryl, and combinations thereof. 4. The compound of claim 2, wherein the metal M is selected from the group consisting of Ir, Rh, Re, Ru, Os, Pt, Au, and Cu. 5. The compound of claim 2, wherein Y is O. 6. The compound of claim 2, wherein n is 1. 7. The compound of claim 2, wherein n is 1, A5 to A8 are each C, a first 6-membered ring is fused to A5 and A6, and a second 6-membered ring is fused to the first 6-membered ring but not ring H. 8. The compound of claim 2, wherein the ring F is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, and N-heterocyclic carbene. 9. The compound of claim 2, wherein the first ligand LX is selected from the group consisting of: 10. The compound of claim 2, wherein the first ligand LX is selected from the group consisting of LX1-1 to LX897-38 with the general numbering formula LXh-m, and LX1-39 to LX1446-57 with the general numbering formula LXi-n;
wherein h is an integer from 1 to 897, i is an integer from 1 to 1446, m is an integer from 1 to 38 referring to Structure 1 to Structure 38, and n is an integer from 39 to 57 referring to Structure 39 to Structure 57; 11. The compound of claim 2, wherein the compound has a formula of M(LA)x(LB)y(LC)z wherein each one of LB and LC is a bidentate ligand; and wherein x is 1, 2, or 3; y is 0, 1, or 2; z is 0, 1, or 2; and x+y+z is the oxidation state of the metal M. 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein the compound has a formula selected from the group consisting of Ir(LA)3, Ir(LA)(LB)2, Ir(LA)2(LB), Ir(LA)2(LC), and Ir(LA)(LB)(LC); and wherein LA, LB, and LC are different from each other; or the compound has a formula of Pt(LA)(LB); and wherein LA and LB can be same or different. 13. The compound of claim 11, wherein LB and LC are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 14. The compound of claim 10, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of Ir(LX1-1)3 to Ir(LX897-38)3 with the general numbering formula Ir(LXh-m)3, Ir(LX1-39)3 to Ir(LX1446-57)3 with the general numbering formula Ir(LXi-n)3, Ir(LX1-1)(LB1)2 to Ir(LX897-38)(LB263)2 with the general numbering formula Ir(LXh-m)(LBk)2, Ir(LX1-39)(LB1)2 to Ir(LX1446-57)(LB263)2 with the general numbering formula Ir(LXi-n)(LBk)2;
wherein k is an integer from 1 to 263; wherein LBk has the following structures: 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 16. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound comprising a first ligand LX of Formula II 17. The OLED of claim 16, wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound can be an emissive dopant or a non-emissive dopant. 18. The OLED of claim 16, wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, wherein host contains at least one chemical group selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, azatriphenylene, azacarbazole, aza-dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzofuran, and aza-dibenzoselenophene. 19. The OLED of claim 18, wherein the host is selected from the group consisting of: 20. A consumer product comprising an organic light-emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound comprising a first ligand LX of Formula II | 2,800 |
345,857 | 16,804,290 | 2,883 | A modular pinion shaft that includes a tubular member having a first end and a second end, a first pinion gear member secured to the first end by a plurality of fasteners, and a second pinion gear member secured to the first end by a plurality of fasteners. Gear teeth of each of the pinion gear members are aligned by one or more indexing members disposed between the tubular member and each pinion gear member. | 1. A method of manufacturing a reciprocating pump, the method comprising:
coupling a tubular and a first pinion gear comprising first gear teeth together using a first indexing member such that one end of the first indexing member is disposed in a bore formed in the first pinion gear and an opposite end of the first indexing member is disposed in a bore formed in a first end of the tubular; coupling the tubular and a second pinion gear comprising second gear teeth together using a second indexing member such that an end of the second indexing member is disposed in a bore formed in the second pinion gear and an opposite end of the second indexing member is disposed in a bore formed in a second end the tubular; mating the first gear teeth of the first pinion gear with a first set of gear teeth of a first bull gear disposed in a housing; and mating the second gear teeth of the second pinion gear with a second set of gear teeth of a second bull gear disposed in the housing, wherein the first bull gear and the second bull gear are coupled to a crankshaft configured to operate the reciprocating pump. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
heat treating the tubular; and heat treating the first and second pinion gears separately from the heat treating of the tubular. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tubular comprises a first material and the first and second pinion gears each comprise a second material. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the first material is different than the second material; the first pinion gear comprises a first bearing surface positioned axially inward of the first gear teeth and toward the tubular; and the second pinion gear comprises a second bearing surface positioned axially inward of the second gear teeth and toward the tubular. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second pinion gears each comprise a first material and the tubular comprises a second material different than the first material. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
heat treating the tubular; and heat treating the first and second pinion gears separately from the heat treating of the tubular. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a portion of the first pinion gear in a first recessed portion formed in the first end of the tubular; and receiving a portion of the second pinion gear in a second recessed portion formed in the second end of the tubular. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the first recessed portion comprises a first shoulder formed in the first end of the tubular; the first pinion gear comprises a face that extends into the first recessed portion of the tubular and contacts the first shoulder; the second recessed portion comprises a second shoulder formed in the second end of the tubular; the second pinion gear includes a face that extends into the second recessed portion of the tubular and contacts the second shoulder; and the tubular includes a hollow center and an inside diameter, and the first shoulder and the second shoulder are each disposed at the inside diameter. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the bore formed in the first pinion gear is a through-hole extending from an axial inner surface to an axial outer surface of the first pinion gear, and at least a portion of the end of each of the one or more first indexing members is visible in the respective through-hole formed in the first pinion gear; and the bore formed in the second pinion gear is a through-hole extending from an axial inner surface to an axial outer surface of the second pinion gear, and at least a portion of the end of each of the one or more second indexing members is visible in the respective through-hole formed in the second pinion gear. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the face of the first pinion gear extends past the axial inner surface of the first pinion gear and toward the tubular, and the axial inner surface of the first pinion gear interfaces with the first end of the tubular; and the face of the second pinion gear extends past the axial inner surface of the second pinion gear and toward the tubular, and the axial inner surface of the second pinion gear interfaces with the second end of the tubular. 11. A method of manufacturing a pinion shaft, the method comprising:
coupling a tubular and a first pinion gear comprising first gear teeth using one or more first indexing members such that an end of each of the one or more first indexing members is disposed in a bore formed in the first pinion gear; coupling the tubular and a second pinion gear comprising second gear teeth using one or more second indexing members such that an end of each of the one or more second indexing members is disposed in a bore formed in the second pinion gear; securing the first pinion gear to a first end of the tubular by a first plurality of fasteners; and securing the second pinion gear to a second end of the tubular by a second plurality of fasteners. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
heat treating the tubular; and heat treating the first and second pinion gears separately from the heat treating of the tubular. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the tubular comprises a first material and the first and second pinion gears each comprise a second material. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the first material is different than the second material; the first pinion gear comprises a first bearing surface positioned axially inward of the first gear teeth and toward the tubular; and the second pinion gear comprises a second bearing surface positioned axially inward of the second gear teeth and toward the tubular. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second pinion gears each comprise a first material and the tubular comprises a second material different than the first material. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
heat treating the tubular; and heat treating the first and second pinion gears separately from the heat treating of the tubular. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a portion of the first pinion gear in a first recessed portion formed in the first end of the tubular; and receiving a portion of the second pinion gear in a second recessed portion formed in the second end of the tubular. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the first recessed portion comprises a first shoulder formed in the first end of the tubular; the first pinion gear comprises a face that extends into the first recessed portion of the tubular and contacts the first shoulder; the second recessed portion comprises a second shoulder formed in the second end of the tubular; the second pinion gear includes a face that extends into the second recessed portion of the tubular and contacts the second shoulder; and the tubular includes a hollow center and an inside diameter, and the first shoulder and the second shoulder are each disposed at the inside diameter. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the bore formed in the first pinion gear is a through-hole extending from an axial inner surface to an axial outer surface of the first pinion gear, and at least a portion of the end of each of the one or more first indexing members is visible in the respective through-hole formed in the first pinion gear; and the bore formed in the second pinion gear is a through-hole extending from an axial inner surface to an axial outer surface of the second pinion gear, and at least a portion of the end of each of the one or more second indexing members is visible in the respective through-hole formed in the second pinion gear. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the face of the first pinion gear extends past the axial inner surface of the first pinion gear and toward the tubular, and the axial inner surface of the first pinion gear interfaces with the first end of the tubular; and the face of the second pinion gear extends past the axial inner surface of the second pinion gear and toward the tubular, and the axial inner surface of the second pinion gear interfaces with the second end of the tubular. | A modular pinion shaft that includes a tubular member having a first end and a second end, a first pinion gear member secured to the first end by a plurality of fasteners, and a second pinion gear member secured to the first end by a plurality of fasteners. Gear teeth of each of the pinion gear members are aligned by one or more indexing members disposed between the tubular member and each pinion gear member.1. A method of manufacturing a reciprocating pump, the method comprising:
coupling a tubular and a first pinion gear comprising first gear teeth together using a first indexing member such that one end of the first indexing member is disposed in a bore formed in the first pinion gear and an opposite end of the first indexing member is disposed in a bore formed in a first end of the tubular; coupling the tubular and a second pinion gear comprising second gear teeth together using a second indexing member such that an end of the second indexing member is disposed in a bore formed in the second pinion gear and an opposite end of the second indexing member is disposed in a bore formed in a second end the tubular; mating the first gear teeth of the first pinion gear with a first set of gear teeth of a first bull gear disposed in a housing; and mating the second gear teeth of the second pinion gear with a second set of gear teeth of a second bull gear disposed in the housing, wherein the first bull gear and the second bull gear are coupled to a crankshaft configured to operate the reciprocating pump. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
heat treating the tubular; and heat treating the first and second pinion gears separately from the heat treating of the tubular. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tubular comprises a first material and the first and second pinion gears each comprise a second material. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the first material is different than the second material; the first pinion gear comprises a first bearing surface positioned axially inward of the first gear teeth and toward the tubular; and the second pinion gear comprises a second bearing surface positioned axially inward of the second gear teeth and toward the tubular. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second pinion gears each comprise a first material and the tubular comprises a second material different than the first material. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
heat treating the tubular; and heat treating the first and second pinion gears separately from the heat treating of the tubular. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a portion of the first pinion gear in a first recessed portion formed in the first end of the tubular; and receiving a portion of the second pinion gear in a second recessed portion formed in the second end of the tubular. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the first recessed portion comprises a first shoulder formed in the first end of the tubular; the first pinion gear comprises a face that extends into the first recessed portion of the tubular and contacts the first shoulder; the second recessed portion comprises a second shoulder formed in the second end of the tubular; the second pinion gear includes a face that extends into the second recessed portion of the tubular and contacts the second shoulder; and the tubular includes a hollow center and an inside diameter, and the first shoulder and the second shoulder are each disposed at the inside diameter. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the bore formed in the first pinion gear is a through-hole extending from an axial inner surface to an axial outer surface of the first pinion gear, and at least a portion of the end of each of the one or more first indexing members is visible in the respective through-hole formed in the first pinion gear; and the bore formed in the second pinion gear is a through-hole extending from an axial inner surface to an axial outer surface of the second pinion gear, and at least a portion of the end of each of the one or more second indexing members is visible in the respective through-hole formed in the second pinion gear. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the face of the first pinion gear extends past the axial inner surface of the first pinion gear and toward the tubular, and the axial inner surface of the first pinion gear interfaces with the first end of the tubular; and the face of the second pinion gear extends past the axial inner surface of the second pinion gear and toward the tubular, and the axial inner surface of the second pinion gear interfaces with the second end of the tubular. 11. A method of manufacturing a pinion shaft, the method comprising:
coupling a tubular and a first pinion gear comprising first gear teeth using one or more first indexing members such that an end of each of the one or more first indexing members is disposed in a bore formed in the first pinion gear; coupling the tubular and a second pinion gear comprising second gear teeth using one or more second indexing members such that an end of each of the one or more second indexing members is disposed in a bore formed in the second pinion gear; securing the first pinion gear to a first end of the tubular by a first plurality of fasteners; and securing the second pinion gear to a second end of the tubular by a second plurality of fasteners. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
heat treating the tubular; and heat treating the first and second pinion gears separately from the heat treating of the tubular. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the tubular comprises a first material and the first and second pinion gears each comprise a second material. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the first material is different than the second material; the first pinion gear comprises a first bearing surface positioned axially inward of the first gear teeth and toward the tubular; and the second pinion gear comprises a second bearing surface positioned axially inward of the second gear teeth and toward the tubular. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the first and second pinion gears each comprise a first material and the tubular comprises a second material different than the first material. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
heat treating the tubular; and heat treating the first and second pinion gears separately from the heat treating of the tubular. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a portion of the first pinion gear in a first recessed portion formed in the first end of the tubular; and receiving a portion of the second pinion gear in a second recessed portion formed in the second end of the tubular. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the first recessed portion comprises a first shoulder formed in the first end of the tubular; the first pinion gear comprises a face that extends into the first recessed portion of the tubular and contacts the first shoulder; the second recessed portion comprises a second shoulder formed in the second end of the tubular; the second pinion gear includes a face that extends into the second recessed portion of the tubular and contacts the second shoulder; and the tubular includes a hollow center and an inside diameter, and the first shoulder and the second shoulder are each disposed at the inside diameter. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the bore formed in the first pinion gear is a through-hole extending from an axial inner surface to an axial outer surface of the first pinion gear, and at least a portion of the end of each of the one or more first indexing members is visible in the respective through-hole formed in the first pinion gear; and the bore formed in the second pinion gear is a through-hole extending from an axial inner surface to an axial outer surface of the second pinion gear, and at least a portion of the end of each of the one or more second indexing members is visible in the respective through-hole formed in the second pinion gear. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the face of the first pinion gear extends past the axial inner surface of the first pinion gear and toward the tubular, and the axial inner surface of the first pinion gear interfaces with the first end of the tubular; and the face of the second pinion gear extends past the axial inner surface of the second pinion gear and toward the tubular, and the axial inner surface of the second pinion gear interfaces with the second end of the tubular. | 2,800 |
345,858 | 16,804,234 | 2,883 | A system and method for automated blockchain custody service for managing a set of custodial assets includes a blockchain service circuit structured to interpret a plurality of access control features corresponding to parties associated with a secured loan; a data collection circuit structured to receive first collateral data from at least one sensor associated with the collateral used to secure the loan; receive second collateral data regarding an environment of the collateral from an IoT circuit; and associate the first collateral data and second collateral data with a unique identifier associated with the item of collateral, wherein the blockchain service circuit is structured to store the unique identifier and associated collateral data as blockchain data; a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract; and a secure access control circuit structured to receive access control instructions from a lender of the loan via an access control interface. | 1. A system comprising:
a blockchain service circuit structured to interpret a plurality of access control features corresponding to a plurality of parties associated with a secured loan; a data collection circuit structured to:
receive first collateral data from at least one sensor associated with an item of collateral used to secure the secured loan;
receive second collateral data regarding an environment of the item of collateral from an Internet of Things circuit; and
associate the first collateral data and second collateral data with a unique identifier associated with the item of collateral, wherein the blockchain service circuit is further structured to store the unique identifier and associated collateral data as blockchain data;
a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract; and a secure access control circuit structured to receive access control instructions from a lender of the secured loan via an access control interface, wherein the secure access control circuit is further structured to provide instructions to the blockchain service circuit regarding access to the blockchain data associated with the item of collateral; wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, the secure access control circuit, and the Internet of Things circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to interpret a condition of the item of collateral in response to a subset of the received first collateral data or received second collateral data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: an image capture device, a thermometer, a pressure gauge, a humidity sensor, a velocity sensor, an acceleration sensor, a rotational sensor, a torque sensor, a scale, chemical, magnetic field, electrical field, and position sensors. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reporting circuit structured to report a collateral event related to an aspect of the collateral selected from the list of aspects consisting of: a value of the item of collateral, a condition of the item of collateral, and an ownership of the item of collateral. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to interpret the collateral event and to perform a loan-related action in response to the collateral event. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a collateral classification circuit structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the item of collateral share a common attribute. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report on at least one of marketplace information relevant to a value of the item of collateral or at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to monitor at least one of: a price or financial data of the item of collateral or at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral in at least one public marketplace, and to report the at least one monitored price or financial data. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to monitor at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral in at least one public marketplace, and wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to modify a term or condition of the secured loan based on the marketplace information for off-set items of collateral relevant to the value of the item of collateral. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a smart contract services circuit structured to manage a smart contract for the secured loan. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving first collateral data from a sensor associated with an item of collateral used to secure a loan; receiving second collateral data regarding an environment of the item of collateral; associating the first collateral data or the second collateral data with a unique identifier associated with the item of collateral; creating a smart lending contract; storing the unique identifier and the first collateral data or the second collateral data in a blockchain structure; receiving access control instructions from a lender of the loan; 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising interpreting a condition of the item of collateral in response to at least a portion of the received first collateral data or received second collateral data. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising identifying a collateral event from the condition of the item of collateral. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising reporting the collateral event, wherein the collateral event is relevant to a collateral characteristic selected from the list consisting of: a value of the item of collateral, a condition of the item of collateral, and an ownership of the item of collateral. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining a value for the item of collateral. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising performing a loan-related action in response to the collateral event. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising identifying a group of off-set collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the item of collateral share a common attribute. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising monitoring a marketplace for information relevant to a value of the item of collateral or at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising creating a smart lending contract for the loan. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving access control instructions; interpreting a plurality of access control features; and | A system and method for automated blockchain custody service for managing a set of custodial assets includes a blockchain service circuit structured to interpret a plurality of access control features corresponding to parties associated with a secured loan; a data collection circuit structured to receive first collateral data from at least one sensor associated with the collateral used to secure the loan; receive second collateral data regarding an environment of the collateral from an IoT circuit; and associate the first collateral data and second collateral data with a unique identifier associated with the item of collateral, wherein the blockchain service circuit is structured to store the unique identifier and associated collateral data as blockchain data; a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract; and a secure access control circuit structured to receive access control instructions from a lender of the loan via an access control interface.1. A system comprising:
a blockchain service circuit structured to interpret a plurality of access control features corresponding to a plurality of parties associated with a secured loan; a data collection circuit structured to:
receive first collateral data from at least one sensor associated with an item of collateral used to secure the secured loan;
receive second collateral data regarding an environment of the item of collateral from an Internet of Things circuit; and
associate the first collateral data and second collateral data with a unique identifier associated with the item of collateral, wherein the blockchain service circuit is further structured to store the unique identifier and associated collateral data as blockchain data;
a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract; and a secure access control circuit structured to receive access control instructions from a lender of the secured loan via an access control interface, wherein the secure access control circuit is further structured to provide instructions to the blockchain service circuit regarding access to the blockchain data associated with the item of collateral; wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, the secure access control circuit, and the Internet of Things circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to interpret a condition of the item of collateral in response to a subset of the received first collateral data or received second collateral data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: an image capture device, a thermometer, a pressure gauge, a humidity sensor, a velocity sensor, an acceleration sensor, a rotational sensor, a torque sensor, a scale, chemical, magnetic field, electrical field, and position sensors. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reporting circuit structured to report a collateral event related to an aspect of the collateral selected from the list of aspects consisting of: a value of the item of collateral, a condition of the item of collateral, and an ownership of the item of collateral. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to interpret the collateral event and to perform a loan-related action in response to the collateral event. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a collateral classification circuit structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the item of collateral share a common attribute. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report on at least one of marketplace information relevant to a value of the item of collateral or at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to monitor at least one of: a price or financial data of the item of collateral or at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral in at least one public marketplace, and to report the at least one monitored price or financial data. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to monitor at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral in at least one public marketplace, and wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to modify a term or condition of the secured loan based on the marketplace information for off-set items of collateral relevant to the value of the item of collateral. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a smart contract services circuit structured to manage a smart contract for the secured loan. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving first collateral data from a sensor associated with an item of collateral used to secure a loan; receiving second collateral data regarding an environment of the item of collateral; associating the first collateral data or the second collateral data with a unique identifier associated with the item of collateral; creating a smart lending contract; storing the unique identifier and the first collateral data or the second collateral data in a blockchain structure; receiving access control instructions from a lender of the loan; 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising interpreting a condition of the item of collateral in response to at least a portion of the received first collateral data or received second collateral data. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising identifying a collateral event from the condition of the item of collateral. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising reporting the collateral event, wherein the collateral event is relevant to a collateral characteristic selected from the list consisting of: a value of the item of collateral, a condition of the item of collateral, and an ownership of the item of collateral. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining a value for the item of collateral. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising performing a loan-related action in response to the collateral event. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising identifying a group of off-set collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the item of collateral share a common attribute. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising monitoring a marketplace for information relevant to a value of the item of collateral or at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising creating a smart lending contract for the loan. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving access control instructions; interpreting a plurality of access control features; and | 2,800 |
345,859 | 16,804,279 | 2,672 | Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a system for performing semantical analysis, generating contextually relevant, and topic based conversational storytelling through natural language processing techniques, comprising: a hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising an instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module, a topic managing module, a context managing module, an internal conversation engine, and external conversation engines, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to execute scripts, orchestrates media sequences within a conversation and analyse an input content received from a computing device, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module comprising a pre-processing module configured to interpret the input content and check whitelists to generate a conversational storytelling script from an internal conversation engine and the external conversation engines on the computing device, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to transmit the conversational storytelling script generated from the of the internal conversation engine and the external conversation engines to a post-processing module, the post-processing module is configured to aggregate the conversational storytelling script with a generative storytelling engine and a media content to generate a media-based conversational storytelling script on the computing device, the conversational storytelling script is generated from one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines. | 1. A system for performing semantical analysis, generating contextually relevant, and topic based conversational storytelling through natural language processing techniques, comprising:
a hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising an instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module, a topic managing module, a context managing module, an internal conversation engine, and a plurality of external conversation engines, wherein the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to execute a plurality of scripts, orchestrates media sequences within a conversation and analyse an input content received from a computing device, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module comprising a pre-processing module configured to interpret the input content and check a plurality of whitelists to generate a conversational storytelling script from at least one of an internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines on the computing device, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to transmit the conversational storytelling script generated from the at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines to a post-processing module, whereby the post-processing module is configured to aggregate the conversational storytelling script with a generative storytelling engine and a media content to generate a media-based conversational storytelling script on the computing device, the conversational storytelling script is generated from at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system is configured to integrate a plurality of relevant concepts, a plurality of events, people, a plurality of places and things into the conversation on the computing device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to swap between the plurality of external conversation engines to generate the conversational storytelling script. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the context managing module is configured to keep track of a current conversation, a backstory, semantics and current status on the computing device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the topic managing module is configured to collect, aggregate and support building semantically encoded storytelling proxy. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the internal conversation engine comprising a conversation state module configured to keep track of the relevant content and topic-based attributes on the computing device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the internal conversation engine comprising a topic-based flow processing module configured to direct the conversation to various kinds of fall-backs and depth nodes on the computing device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the internal conversation engine comprising a conversation weighing module configured to weigh and prioritize an individual statement in the conversation on the computing device. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising a generative storytelling engine configured to generate a plurality of text paragraphs and conversations based on a pre-defined corpus of the input content. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the pre-processing module is configured to check the input content that a user has typed and routes that input content to one of the at least one internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the post-processing module configured to optimize flow of the conversation on the computing device. 12. A method for interpreting an Interactor's conversation sequence and generating a response, comprising:
uploading an input content to a hybrid conversational storytelling system by a user from a computing device; interpreting the input content and checking a plurality of whitelists by a pre-processing module to generate a conversational storytelling script from at least one of an internal conversation engine and a plurality of external conversation engines on the computing device; transmitting the conversational storytelling script generated from at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines to a post-processing module; aggregating the conversational storytelling script with a generative storytelling engine and a media content and optimizing flow of the conversation by the post-processing module, whereby the conversational storytelling script is generated from the at least one of the internal conversation engine, the plurality of external conversation engines; and generating a media-based conversational storytelling script on the computing device. 13. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therein to be executed by one or more processors, said program code including instructions to:
upload an input content to a hybrid conversational storytelling system by a user from a computing device; interpret the input content and check a plurality of whitelists by a pre-processing module to generate a conversational storytelling script from at least one of an internal conversation engine and a plurality of external conversation engines on the computing device; transmit the conversational storytelling script generated from the at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines to a post-processing module; aggregate the conversational storytelling script with a generative storytelling engine and a media content and optimizing flow of the conversation by the post-processing module, whereby the conversational storytelling script is generated from at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines; and generate a media-based conversational storytelling script on the computing device. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising a conversation flow processing module configured to track a status of current conversation on the computing device. 15. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising a backstories module configured to track the backstories in the topics on the computing device. 16. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising an audio recognizing module configured to digitize and transcribe a speech into text. 17. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising an image recognition module configured to identify, label, output topics which reside within the visual frame of the media on computing device. | Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a system for performing semantical analysis, generating contextually relevant, and topic based conversational storytelling through natural language processing techniques, comprising: a hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising an instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module, a topic managing module, a context managing module, an internal conversation engine, and external conversation engines, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to execute scripts, orchestrates media sequences within a conversation and analyse an input content received from a computing device, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module comprising a pre-processing module configured to interpret the input content and check whitelists to generate a conversational storytelling script from an internal conversation engine and the external conversation engines on the computing device, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to transmit the conversational storytelling script generated from the of the internal conversation engine and the external conversation engines to a post-processing module, the post-processing module is configured to aggregate the conversational storytelling script with a generative storytelling engine and a media content to generate a media-based conversational storytelling script on the computing device, the conversational storytelling script is generated from one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines.1. A system for performing semantical analysis, generating contextually relevant, and topic based conversational storytelling through natural language processing techniques, comprising:
a hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising an instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module, a topic managing module, a context managing module, an internal conversation engine, and a plurality of external conversation engines, wherein the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to execute a plurality of scripts, orchestrates media sequences within a conversation and analyse an input content received from a computing device, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module comprising a pre-processing module configured to interpret the input content and check a plurality of whitelists to generate a conversational storytelling script from at least one of an internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines on the computing device, the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to transmit the conversational storytelling script generated from the at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines to a post-processing module, whereby the post-processing module is configured to aggregate the conversational storytelling script with a generative storytelling engine and a media content to generate a media-based conversational storytelling script on the computing device, the conversational storytelling script is generated from at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system is configured to integrate a plurality of relevant concepts, a plurality of events, people, a plurality of places and things into the conversation on the computing device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instigate artificial intelligence conversation management module is configured to swap between the plurality of external conversation engines to generate the conversational storytelling script. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the context managing module is configured to keep track of a current conversation, a backstory, semantics and current status on the computing device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the topic managing module is configured to collect, aggregate and support building semantically encoded storytelling proxy. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the internal conversation engine comprising a conversation state module configured to keep track of the relevant content and topic-based attributes on the computing device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the internal conversation engine comprising a topic-based flow processing module configured to direct the conversation to various kinds of fall-backs and depth nodes on the computing device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the internal conversation engine comprising a conversation weighing module configured to weigh and prioritize an individual statement in the conversation on the computing device. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising a generative storytelling engine configured to generate a plurality of text paragraphs and conversations based on a pre-defined corpus of the input content. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the pre-processing module is configured to check the input content that a user has typed and routes that input content to one of the at least one internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the post-processing module configured to optimize flow of the conversation on the computing device. 12. A method for interpreting an Interactor's conversation sequence and generating a response, comprising:
uploading an input content to a hybrid conversational storytelling system by a user from a computing device; interpreting the input content and checking a plurality of whitelists by a pre-processing module to generate a conversational storytelling script from at least one of an internal conversation engine and a plurality of external conversation engines on the computing device; transmitting the conversational storytelling script generated from at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines to a post-processing module; aggregating the conversational storytelling script with a generative storytelling engine and a media content and optimizing flow of the conversation by the post-processing module, whereby the conversational storytelling script is generated from the at least one of the internal conversation engine, the plurality of external conversation engines; and generating a media-based conversational storytelling script on the computing device. 13. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therein to be executed by one or more processors, said program code including instructions to:
upload an input content to a hybrid conversational storytelling system by a user from a computing device; interpret the input content and check a plurality of whitelists by a pre-processing module to generate a conversational storytelling script from at least one of an internal conversation engine and a plurality of external conversation engines on the computing device; transmit the conversational storytelling script generated from the at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines to a post-processing module; aggregate the conversational storytelling script with a generative storytelling engine and a media content and optimizing flow of the conversation by the post-processing module, whereby the conversational storytelling script is generated from at least one of the internal conversation engine and the plurality of external conversation engines; and generate a media-based conversational storytelling script on the computing device. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising a conversation flow processing module configured to track a status of current conversation on the computing device. 15. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising a backstories module configured to track the backstories in the topics on the computing device. 16. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising an audio recognizing module configured to digitize and transcribe a speech into text. 17. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the hybrid conversational storytelling system comprising an image recognition module configured to identify, label, output topics which reside within the visual frame of the media on computing device. | 2,600 |
345,860 | 16,804,233 | 2,672 | A checkpoint server for containers is disclosed. The checkpoint server generates checkpoint images of running containers or of warmed-up containers. These checkpoint images are restored such that the order in which memory pages are accessed can be recorded or logged. During a restore operation to a host, the memory pages are transmitted in accordance with the page order log. The container can then begin serving requests before all of the memory pages have been transmitted to the host. | 1. A method, comprising:
generating a checkpoint image of a container running in a simulation environment; storing the checkpoint image in a storage; restoring the checkpoint image into the simulation environment; recording memory-page accesses in order in an order page log while restoring the checkpoint image; restoring the checkpoint image to a host, wherein memory pages associated with the checkpoint image are transmitted in an order specified in the order page log. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a container image from a source and storing the container image in a container repository. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the container running in the simulation environment corresponds to the container image stored in the container repository. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the checkpoint image when the running container is warmed-up and ready to serve requests. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the checkpoint image by dumping contents of a memory of the container as memory pages, metadata associated with the container, and network connections into the checkpoint image. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising starting the restored container on the host when the metadata is loaded, wherein the memory pages are lazy loaded based on the order page log. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising starting the restored container on the host before all of the memory pages in the checkpoint image have been received at the host. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a request from the host from a memory-page that is out of order with respect to the order page log. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising updating the order page log based on the request from the host. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing checkpoint images for disaster recovery. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising: generating a checkpoint image of a container running in a simulation environment;
storing the checkpoint image in a storage; restoring the checkpoint image into the simulation environment; recording memory-page accesses in order in an order page log while restoring the checkpoint image; restoring the checkpoint image to a host, wherein memory pages associated with the checkpoint image are transmitted in an order specified in the order page log. 12. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising receiving a container image from a source and storing the container image in a container repository. 13. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, wherein the container running in the simulation environment corresponds to the container image stored in the container repository. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising generating the checkpoint image when the running container is warmed-up and ready to serve requests. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising generating the checkpoint image by dumping contents of a memory of the container as memory pages, metadata associated with the container, and network connections into the checkpoint image. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising starting the restored container on the host when the metadata is loaded, wherein the memory pages are lazy loaded based on the order page log. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, the operations further comprising starting the restored container on the host before all of the memory pages in the checkpoint image have been received at the host. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising receiving a request from the host from a memory-page that is out of order with respect to the order page log. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 18, the operations further comprising updating the order page log based on the request from the host. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising storing checkpoint images for disaster recovery. | A checkpoint server for containers is disclosed. The checkpoint server generates checkpoint images of running containers or of warmed-up containers. These checkpoint images are restored such that the order in which memory pages are accessed can be recorded or logged. During a restore operation to a host, the memory pages are transmitted in accordance with the page order log. The container can then begin serving requests before all of the memory pages have been transmitted to the host.1. A method, comprising:
generating a checkpoint image of a container running in a simulation environment; storing the checkpoint image in a storage; restoring the checkpoint image into the simulation environment; recording memory-page accesses in order in an order page log while restoring the checkpoint image; restoring the checkpoint image to a host, wherein memory pages associated with the checkpoint image are transmitted in an order specified in the order page log. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a container image from a source and storing the container image in a container repository. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the container running in the simulation environment corresponds to the container image stored in the container repository. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the checkpoint image when the running container is warmed-up and ready to serve requests. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the checkpoint image by dumping contents of a memory of the container as memory pages, metadata associated with the container, and network connections into the checkpoint image. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising starting the restored container on the host when the metadata is loaded, wherein the memory pages are lazy loaded based on the order page log. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising starting the restored container on the host before all of the memory pages in the checkpoint image have been received at the host. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a request from the host from a memory-page that is out of order with respect to the order page log. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising updating the order page log based on the request from the host. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing checkpoint images for disaster recovery. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising: generating a checkpoint image of a container running in a simulation environment;
storing the checkpoint image in a storage; restoring the checkpoint image into the simulation environment; recording memory-page accesses in order in an order page log while restoring the checkpoint image; restoring the checkpoint image to a host, wherein memory pages associated with the checkpoint image are transmitted in an order specified in the order page log. 12. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising receiving a container image from a source and storing the container image in a container repository. 13. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 12, wherein the container running in the simulation environment corresponds to the container image stored in the container repository. 14. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising generating the checkpoint image when the running container is warmed-up and ready to serve requests. 15. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising generating the checkpoint image by dumping contents of a memory of the container as memory pages, metadata associated with the container, and network connections into the checkpoint image. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising starting the restored container on the host when the metadata is loaded, wherein the memory pages are lazy loaded based on the order page log. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, the operations further comprising starting the restored container on the host before all of the memory pages in the checkpoint image have been received at the host. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising receiving a request from the host from a memory-page that is out of order with respect to the order page log. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 18, the operations further comprising updating the order page log based on the request from the host. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising storing checkpoint images for disaster recovery. | 2,600 |
345,861 | 16,804,253 | 2,672 | In one example an amplifier includes a bias circuit, an open-loop gain stage including a first PMOS having a gate coupled to a first node, a source coupled to a second node, a drain coupled to a third node, and a bulk coupled to the bias circuit, a second PMOS having a gate coupled to a ground node, a source coupled to the second node, a drain coupled to a fourth node, and a bulk coupled to the bias circuit, a first NMOS having a drain and a gate coupled to the third node and a source coupled to a fifth node, a second NMOS having a drain coupled to the fourth node, a gate coupled to the third node, and a source coupled to the fifth node, an adjustable resistor coupleable between the third and fourth nodes, and a buffer stage coupled to the open-loop gain stage. | 1. An amplifier, comprising:
a bias circuit; and a buffer stage coupled to the bias circuit and comprising:
a first p-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) (PMOS) having a source terminal coupled to a second node; a gate terminal coupled to a third node, a drain terminal coupled to a fourth node, and a bulk connection coupled to a first node, a first resistor coupleable between the first node and the second node;
a first n-type MOSFET (NMOS) having a drain terminal coupled to the fourth node, a gate terminal coupled to the bias circuit, and a source terminal configured to couple to a fifth node via a second resistor; and
a second NMOS having a drain terminal coupled to the second node, a gate terminal coupled to the fourth node, and a source terminal coupled to the fifth node, wherein the buffer stage is configured to couple to a first capacitor and a third resistor coupled in series between the fourth node and the fifth node, and wherein the second node is an output of the amplifier. 2. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the bias circuit comprises:
a third NMOS having a drain terminal, a gate terminal coupled to a sixth node, and a source terminal coupled to a seventh node; a bi-polar junction transistor (BJT) having a collector terminal and a base terminal coupled to the seventh node and an emitter terminal coupled to the fifth node; and a fourth NMOS having a drain terminal and a gate terminal coupled to the sixth node and a source terminal configured to couple to the fifth node via a fourth resistor. 3. The amplifier of claim 1, further comprising a first diode and a second diode coupled in opposing polarities between the third node and a ground node, wherein the third node is an input of the amplifier. 4. The amplifier of claim 1 further comprising:
a third PMOS having a source terminal coupled to a voltage supply node, a gate terminal, and a drain terminal; and
a fourth PMOS having a source terminal coupled to the drain terminal of the third PMOS, a gate terminal, and a drain terminal configured to couple to the first resistor. 5. The amplifier of claim 4 further comprising a filter that includes:
a capacitor coupled between the voltage supply node and the gate terminal of the third PMOS; and
a fourth resistor coupled to the gate terminal of the third PMOS. 6. A circuit comprising:
an input node configured to couple to a sensor; an output node; a ground node; a voltage supply node; a bias circuit configured to generate a bias voltage; a buffer stage that includes:
a first transistor that includes a gate coupled to the input node;
a first resistor coupled to the first transistor;
a second transistor coupled to the first transistor that includes a gate coupled to receive the bias voltage;
a second resistor coupled between the second transistor and the ground node; and
a third transistor coupled to the output node that includes a gate coupled to the first transistor and the second transistor. 7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein:
the first transistor is a p-type transistor and further includes a source coupled to the first resistor and a drain coupled to a first node; the second transistor is an n-type transistor and further includes a source coupled to the second resistor and a drain coupled to the first node; and the gate of the third transistor is coupled to the first node. 8. The circuit of claim 7 further comprising a capacitor and a third resistor coupled in series between the first node and the ground node. 9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the third transistor is an n-type transistor and further includes a source coupled to the ground node and a drain coupled to the output node. 10. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the first transistor is a p-type transistor and further includes a source and a bulk coupled such that the first resistor is coupled between the source of the first transistor and the bulk of the first transistor. 11. The circuit of claim 6 further comprising:
a fourth transistor and a fifth transistor coupled in series between the voltage supply node and the first resistor, wherein the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor each include a gate; and
a capacitor coupled between the voltage supply node and the gate of the fourth transistor. 12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein:
the gate of the fifth transistor is coupled to the bias circuit to receive the bias voltage; and the circuit further comprises at least one resistor coupled between the gate of the fifth transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor. 13. The circuit of claim 12 further comprising:
a sixth transistor and a seventh transistor coupled in series between the voltage supply node and a third resistor of the at least one resistor, wherein:
the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor each include a gate;
the at least one resistor includes a fourth resistor coupled between the gate of the fourth transistor and the gate of the sixth transistor; and
the gate of the seventh transistor is coupled to the gate of the fifth transistor. 14. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the bias circuit includes:
a first node to provide the bias voltage; a fourth transistor that includes a gate coupled to the first node, a drain coupled to the first node, and a source; a third resistor coupled between the source of the fourth transistor and the ground node; a fifth transistor that includes a gate coupled to the first node, a drain, and a source; and a sixth transistor that includes a base coupled to the source of the fifth transistor, a collector coupled to the source of the fifth transistor, and an emitter coupled to the ground node. 15. The circuit of claim 14 further comprising:
a fourth resistor coupled to the first node;
a seventh transistor and an eighth transistor coupled in series between the voltage supply node and the fourth resistor; and
a ninth transistor and a tenth transistor coupled in series between the voltage supply node and the drain of the fifth transistor. 16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein:
each of the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth transistors includes a gate; the gate of the seventh transistor is coupled to the gate of the ninth transistor; the gate of the eighth transistor is coupled to the gate of the tenth transistor; and the fourth resistor is coupled between the gate of the seventh transistor and the gate of the eighth transistor. 17. A circuit comprising
an input node configured to couple to a sensor; an output node; a first transistor that includes a gate coupled to the input node, a source coupled to the output node, a drain coupled to a first node, and a bulk; a first resistor coupled between the source of the first transistor and the bulk of the first transistor; a second transistor that includes a drain coupled to the first node, a gate, and a source; a second resistor coupled between the source of the second transistor and a ground node; and a third transistor that includes a gate coupled to the first node, a drain coupled to the output node, and a source coupled to the ground node. 18. The circuit of claim 17 further comprising a capacitor and a third resistor coupled in series between the first node and the ground node. 19. The circuit of claim 17 further comprising a bias circuit configured to provide a bias voltage, wherein the gate of the second transistor is coupled to the bias circuit to receive the bias voltage. 20. The circuit of claim 19, wherein the bias circuit includes:
a second node to provide the bias voltage; a fourth transistor that includes a gate coupled to the second node, a drain coupled to the second node, and a source; a third resistor coupled between the source of the fourth transistor and the ground node; a fifth transistor that includes a gate coupled to the first node, a drain, and a source; and a sixth transistor that includes a base coupled to the source of the fifth transistor, a collector coupled to the source of the fifth transistor, and an emitter coupled to the ground node. | In one example an amplifier includes a bias circuit, an open-loop gain stage including a first PMOS having a gate coupled to a first node, a source coupled to a second node, a drain coupled to a third node, and a bulk coupled to the bias circuit, a second PMOS having a gate coupled to a ground node, a source coupled to the second node, a drain coupled to a fourth node, and a bulk coupled to the bias circuit, a first NMOS having a drain and a gate coupled to the third node and a source coupled to a fifth node, a second NMOS having a drain coupled to the fourth node, a gate coupled to the third node, and a source coupled to the fifth node, an adjustable resistor coupleable between the third and fourth nodes, and a buffer stage coupled to the open-loop gain stage.1. An amplifier, comprising:
a bias circuit; and a buffer stage coupled to the bias circuit and comprising:
a first p-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) (PMOS) having a source terminal coupled to a second node; a gate terminal coupled to a third node, a drain terminal coupled to a fourth node, and a bulk connection coupled to a first node, a first resistor coupleable between the first node and the second node;
a first n-type MOSFET (NMOS) having a drain terminal coupled to the fourth node, a gate terminal coupled to the bias circuit, and a source terminal configured to couple to a fifth node via a second resistor; and
a second NMOS having a drain terminal coupled to the second node, a gate terminal coupled to the fourth node, and a source terminal coupled to the fifth node, wherein the buffer stage is configured to couple to a first capacitor and a third resistor coupled in series between the fourth node and the fifth node, and wherein the second node is an output of the amplifier. 2. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the bias circuit comprises:
a third NMOS having a drain terminal, a gate terminal coupled to a sixth node, and a source terminal coupled to a seventh node; a bi-polar junction transistor (BJT) having a collector terminal and a base terminal coupled to the seventh node and an emitter terminal coupled to the fifth node; and a fourth NMOS having a drain terminal and a gate terminal coupled to the sixth node and a source terminal configured to couple to the fifth node via a fourth resistor. 3. The amplifier of claim 1, further comprising a first diode and a second diode coupled in opposing polarities between the third node and a ground node, wherein the third node is an input of the amplifier. 4. The amplifier of claim 1 further comprising:
a third PMOS having a source terminal coupled to a voltage supply node, a gate terminal, and a drain terminal; and
a fourth PMOS having a source terminal coupled to the drain terminal of the third PMOS, a gate terminal, and a drain terminal configured to couple to the first resistor. 5. The amplifier of claim 4 further comprising a filter that includes:
a capacitor coupled between the voltage supply node and the gate terminal of the third PMOS; and
a fourth resistor coupled to the gate terminal of the third PMOS. 6. A circuit comprising:
an input node configured to couple to a sensor; an output node; a ground node; a voltage supply node; a bias circuit configured to generate a bias voltage; a buffer stage that includes:
a first transistor that includes a gate coupled to the input node;
a first resistor coupled to the first transistor;
a second transistor coupled to the first transistor that includes a gate coupled to receive the bias voltage;
a second resistor coupled between the second transistor and the ground node; and
a third transistor coupled to the output node that includes a gate coupled to the first transistor and the second transistor. 7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein:
the first transistor is a p-type transistor and further includes a source coupled to the first resistor and a drain coupled to a first node; the second transistor is an n-type transistor and further includes a source coupled to the second resistor and a drain coupled to the first node; and the gate of the third transistor is coupled to the first node. 8. The circuit of claim 7 further comprising a capacitor and a third resistor coupled in series between the first node and the ground node. 9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the third transistor is an n-type transistor and further includes a source coupled to the ground node and a drain coupled to the output node. 10. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the first transistor is a p-type transistor and further includes a source and a bulk coupled such that the first resistor is coupled between the source of the first transistor and the bulk of the first transistor. 11. The circuit of claim 6 further comprising:
a fourth transistor and a fifth transistor coupled in series between the voltage supply node and the first resistor, wherein the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor each include a gate; and
a capacitor coupled between the voltage supply node and the gate of the fourth transistor. 12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein:
the gate of the fifth transistor is coupled to the bias circuit to receive the bias voltage; and the circuit further comprises at least one resistor coupled between the gate of the fifth transistor and the gate of the fourth transistor. 13. The circuit of claim 12 further comprising:
a sixth transistor and a seventh transistor coupled in series between the voltage supply node and a third resistor of the at least one resistor, wherein:
the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor each include a gate;
the at least one resistor includes a fourth resistor coupled between the gate of the fourth transistor and the gate of the sixth transistor; and
the gate of the seventh transistor is coupled to the gate of the fifth transistor. 14. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the bias circuit includes:
a first node to provide the bias voltage; a fourth transistor that includes a gate coupled to the first node, a drain coupled to the first node, and a source; a third resistor coupled between the source of the fourth transistor and the ground node; a fifth transistor that includes a gate coupled to the first node, a drain, and a source; and a sixth transistor that includes a base coupled to the source of the fifth transistor, a collector coupled to the source of the fifth transistor, and an emitter coupled to the ground node. 15. The circuit of claim 14 further comprising:
a fourth resistor coupled to the first node;
a seventh transistor and an eighth transistor coupled in series between the voltage supply node and the fourth resistor; and
a ninth transistor and a tenth transistor coupled in series between the voltage supply node and the drain of the fifth transistor. 16. The circuit of claim 15, wherein:
each of the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth transistors includes a gate; the gate of the seventh transistor is coupled to the gate of the ninth transistor; the gate of the eighth transistor is coupled to the gate of the tenth transistor; and the fourth resistor is coupled between the gate of the seventh transistor and the gate of the eighth transistor. 17. A circuit comprising
an input node configured to couple to a sensor; an output node; a first transistor that includes a gate coupled to the input node, a source coupled to the output node, a drain coupled to a first node, and a bulk; a first resistor coupled between the source of the first transistor and the bulk of the first transistor; a second transistor that includes a drain coupled to the first node, a gate, and a source; a second resistor coupled between the source of the second transistor and a ground node; and a third transistor that includes a gate coupled to the first node, a drain coupled to the output node, and a source coupled to the ground node. 18. The circuit of claim 17 further comprising a capacitor and a third resistor coupled in series between the first node and the ground node. 19. The circuit of claim 17 further comprising a bias circuit configured to provide a bias voltage, wherein the gate of the second transistor is coupled to the bias circuit to receive the bias voltage. 20. The circuit of claim 19, wherein the bias circuit includes:
a second node to provide the bias voltage; a fourth transistor that includes a gate coupled to the second node, a drain coupled to the second node, and a source; a third resistor coupled between the source of the fourth transistor and the ground node; a fifth transistor that includes a gate coupled to the first node, a drain, and a source; and a sixth transistor that includes a base coupled to the source of the fifth transistor, a collector coupled to the source of the fifth transistor, and an emitter coupled to the ground node. | 2,600 |
345,862 | 16,804,273 | 2,672 | A forestry machine includes a ground propulsion apparatus, a vehicle body supported by the ground propulsion apparatus, an operator seat disposed on the vehicle body, a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in the operator seat, a work implement including a saw, and a control circuit. The control circuit includes a first user input disposed on the first control lever. The first user input is operatively coupled to the work implement. Power to the saw is engaged upon the first user input being operated in combination with another operation. A method of operating a forestry machine includes operating a first user input disposed on the first control lever. Power is engaged to the saw in response to the first user input being operated in combination with another operation. | 1. A forestry machine comprising:
a ground propulsion apparatus; a vehicle body supported by the ground propulsion apparatus; an operator seat disposed on the vehicle body; a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in the operator seat; a work implement movably attached relative to the vehicle body, the work implement including a saw; and a control circuit including
a first user input disposed on the first control lever, the first user input being operatively coupled to the work implement, and
a second input operatively coupled to the work implement,
power to the saw being engaged upon the first user input and the second input both being operated. 2. The forestry machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dashboard supported by the vehicle body, the second input being disposed on the dashboard. 3. The forestry machine according to claim 2, wherein
the second input includes a pair of manual inputs, and power to the saw is engaged upon the first user input and both the manual inputs being operated. 4. The forestry machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second control lever, the second input being disposed on the second control lever. 5. The forestry machine according to claim 1, wherein
the second input is disposed on the first control lever, and the first user input and the second input are disposed at different positions on the first control lever. 6. The forestry machine according to claim 1, wherein
the second input includes a passive input indirectly operable by the operator. 7. The forestry machine according to claim 6, further comprising:
a cab supported on the vehicle body, the cab having a door openable to allow the operator to enter and exit the cab, the passive input being a door closed detector. 8. The forestry machine according to claim 1, wherein
power to the saw is disengaged in response to a single operation. 9. A forestry machine comprising:
a ground propulsion apparatus; a vehicle body supported by the ground propulsion apparatus; an operator seat disposed on the vehicle body; a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in the operator seat; a work implement movably attached relative to the vehicle body, the work implement including a saw; and a control circuit including a first user input disposed on the first control lever, the first user input being operatively coupled to the work implement to engage and disengage power to the saw in response to operation of the first user input, power to the saw being engaged upon multiple operations of the first user input within a predetermined time period being performed. 10. The forestry machine according to claim 9, wherein
power to the saw is disengaged in response to a single operation. 11. A method of operating a forestry machine including a saw and a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in an operator seat, the method comprising:
operating a first user input disposed on the first control lever; and operating a second user input, power being engaged to the saw in response to the first user input and the second input both being operated. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the operating the second user input includes operating an input disposed on a dashboard of the forestry machine. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein
the operating the second user input disposed on the dashboard includes operating a pair of manual inputs. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the operating the second user input includes operating an input disposed on a second control lever of the forestry machine. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the operating the second user input includes operating an input disposed on the first control lever at a different position from the first user input. 16. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the operating the second user input includes operating a passive input indirectly operable by the operator. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the operating the passive input includes operating a door closed detector that indicates whether a door of a cab of the forestry machine is open or closed. 18. The method according to claim 11, further comprising
performing a single operation to disengage power to the saw. 19. A method of operating a forestry machine including a saw and a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in an operator seat, the method comprising:
operating a first user input disposed on the first control lever, power being engaged to and disengaged from the saw in response to operation of the first user input, and the operating the first user input includes multiple operations of the first user input within a predetermined time period being performed to engage power to the saw. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising performing a single operation to disengage power to the saw. | A forestry machine includes a ground propulsion apparatus, a vehicle body supported by the ground propulsion apparatus, an operator seat disposed on the vehicle body, a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in the operator seat, a work implement including a saw, and a control circuit. The control circuit includes a first user input disposed on the first control lever. The first user input is operatively coupled to the work implement. Power to the saw is engaged upon the first user input being operated in combination with another operation. A method of operating a forestry machine includes operating a first user input disposed on the first control lever. Power is engaged to the saw in response to the first user input being operated in combination with another operation.1. A forestry machine comprising:
a ground propulsion apparatus; a vehicle body supported by the ground propulsion apparatus; an operator seat disposed on the vehicle body; a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in the operator seat; a work implement movably attached relative to the vehicle body, the work implement including a saw; and a control circuit including
a first user input disposed on the first control lever, the first user input being operatively coupled to the work implement, and
a second input operatively coupled to the work implement,
power to the saw being engaged upon the first user input and the second input both being operated. 2. The forestry machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dashboard supported by the vehicle body, the second input being disposed on the dashboard. 3. The forestry machine according to claim 2, wherein
the second input includes a pair of manual inputs, and power to the saw is engaged upon the first user input and both the manual inputs being operated. 4. The forestry machine according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second control lever, the second input being disposed on the second control lever. 5. The forestry machine according to claim 1, wherein
the second input is disposed on the first control lever, and the first user input and the second input are disposed at different positions on the first control lever. 6. The forestry machine according to claim 1, wherein
the second input includes a passive input indirectly operable by the operator. 7. The forestry machine according to claim 6, further comprising:
a cab supported on the vehicle body, the cab having a door openable to allow the operator to enter and exit the cab, the passive input being a door closed detector. 8. The forestry machine according to claim 1, wherein
power to the saw is disengaged in response to a single operation. 9. A forestry machine comprising:
a ground propulsion apparatus; a vehicle body supported by the ground propulsion apparatus; an operator seat disposed on the vehicle body; a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in the operator seat; a work implement movably attached relative to the vehicle body, the work implement including a saw; and a control circuit including a first user input disposed on the first control lever, the first user input being operatively coupled to the work implement to engage and disengage power to the saw in response to operation of the first user input, power to the saw being engaged upon multiple operations of the first user input within a predetermined time period being performed. 10. The forestry machine according to claim 9, wherein
power to the saw is disengaged in response to a single operation. 11. A method of operating a forestry machine including a saw and a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in an operator seat, the method comprising:
operating a first user input disposed on the first control lever; and operating a second user input, power being engaged to the saw in response to the first user input and the second input both being operated. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the operating the second user input includes operating an input disposed on a dashboard of the forestry machine. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein
the operating the second user input disposed on the dashboard includes operating a pair of manual inputs. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the operating the second user input includes operating an input disposed on a second control lever of the forestry machine. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the operating the second user input includes operating an input disposed on the first control lever at a different position from the first user input. 16. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the operating the second user input includes operating a passive input indirectly operable by the operator. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the operating the passive input includes operating a door closed detector that indicates whether a door of a cab of the forestry machine is open or closed. 18. The method according to claim 11, further comprising
performing a single operation to disengage power to the saw. 19. A method of operating a forestry machine including a saw and a first control lever operable by an operator sitting in an operator seat, the method comprising:
operating a first user input disposed on the first control lever, power being engaged to and disengaged from the saw in response to operation of the first user input, and the operating the first user input includes multiple operations of the first user input within a predetermined time period being performed to engage power to the saw. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising performing a single operation to disengage power to the saw. | 2,600 |
345,863 | 16,804,251 | 2,672 | A storage system configured to house a plurality of containers housing inventory items includes support members, a first set of parallel rails to support a mobile, manipulator robot, and a fluid supply line having a plurality of valves disposed within the fluid supply line. Each of the valves having a closed condition in which the supply line is in fluid isolation from an outside environment and an open condition in which the supply line is in fluid communication with the environment such that the supply line is configured to supply fluid to a mobile, manipulator robot. Mobile, manipulator robots for retrieving inventory items stored within the containers and retrieval methods are also disclosed herein. | 1. A storage system for robotic picking, comprising:
a storage structure configured to house a plurality of containers, the storage structure including support members, a first set of parallel rails to support a mobile, manipulator robot and a fluid supply line; and a plurality of valves disposed within the fluid supply line, each of the valves having a closed condition in which the fluid supply line is in isolation from an outside environment and an open condition in which the fluid supply line is in communication with the outside environment such that the fluid supply line is configured to supply fluid to a mobile, manipulator robot. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage structure further comprises a second set of parallel rails extending substantially perpendicular to the first set of parallel rails, the first and second set of parallel rails forming a grid having a plurality of grid spaces. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the grid is a first grid and the plurality of grid spaces is a first plurality of grid spaces, further comprising:
a third set of parallel rails and a fourth set of parallel rails extending substantially perpendicular to the third set of parallel rails, the third and fourth set of parallel rails forming a second grid elevated above the first grid, the second grid having a plurality of second grid spaces; and an inclined ramp including a fifth set of rails connecting the first and second grids, or an elevator connecting the first and second grids. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fluid source in fluid communication with the fluid supply line, and wherein the fluid source is a pneumatic source. 5. The system 1, wherein the fluid supply line is attached to an external surface of the first set of parallel rails. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid supply line includes a channel embedded within and extending in a longitudinal direction of the first set of parallel rails, and a plurality of conduits extending between the channel and a respective port located adjacent a surface of the first set of parallel rails. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein at least one of the plurality of valves is at least partially disposed within a respective one of the conduits. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of valves includes a biasing member coupled to a plug, and when the valve is in the closed condition, the biasing member biases the plug into the port. 9. The system of claim 6, further comprising a mobile, manipulator robot for picking inventory items stored within the storage structure, the robot comprising:
a body; a mobility assembly coupled to the body and configured to guide movement of the robot along the first set of parallel rails; a pneumatic coupler sized and configured to mate with at least one of the plurality of valves and receive fluid from the supply line; and a picking arm equipped with a pneumatic gripping tool to pick inventory items. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first set of parallel rails comprises a conductive metal configured to receive a voltage from a charged or grounded source. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein a portion of a surface of the conductive metal is anodized or otherwise coated to prevent transfer of the voltage through the coated surface. 12. A mobile, manipulator robot for retrieving inventory, comprising:
a body including an interface configured to send processor readable data to a central processor and receive processor executable instructions from the central processor; a mobility assembly coupled to the body; a coupler mateable to a port to receive a fluid supply from a supply line; and a picking arm connected to the body, the picking arm being coupled to a first pneumatic gripping tool configured to pick inventory items. 13. The robot of claim 12, further comprising a tool holder attached to the body, the tool holder having a plurality of retainers. 14. The robot of claim 13, further comprising a second pneumatic gripping tool having a different size, configuration, or material than the first pneumatic gripping tool, and wherein each of the first and second pneumatic gripping tools are interchangeably coupleable to the picking arm and receivable by a respective one of the plurality of retainers. 15. The robot of claim 12, wherein the first pneumatic gripping tool has an additional tool element. 16. The robot of claim 12, further comprising a Venturi pump provided downstream of the coupler and upstream of the first pneumatic gripping tool. 17. The robot of claim 12, further comprising a conductive contact to receive voltage from a surface contacting the mobility assembly. 18. The robot of claim 12, wherein the mobility assembly includes a plurality of wheels, a motor and a transmission operably coupling the motor to each of the plurality of wheels, the motor being arranged to control an orientation of each of the wheels, whereby the wheels are simultaneously rotatable between a first orientation and a second orientation. 19. The robot of claim 12, further comprising a sensor to collect product information relating to at least one of a surface geometry, surface texture, color or porosity from which a grasping region of the inventory items can be determined. 20. The robot of claim 12, wherein the first pneumatic gripping tool is a suction cup. 21. The robot of claim 12, further comprising an air tank coupled to the body, the air tank being less than 20 cubic feet. 22. The robot of claim 12, wherein the inventory is stored within a container having a height, and the picking arm has an end-effector stroke in a vertical direction that is at least two times the height of the container. 23. The robot of claim 12, wherein the picking arm comprises:
a base member coupled to the body; a horizontal extension coupled to the base member; a vertical extension coupled to the horizontal extension; and a positioning arm coupled to the vertical member, the positioning arm being translatable relative to the vertical extension, wherein at least one of a spring, a back-drivable actuator, a force controlled actuator, or a compliant gripping element is coupled to the positioning arm to provide passive or active compliance. | A storage system configured to house a plurality of containers housing inventory items includes support members, a first set of parallel rails to support a mobile, manipulator robot, and a fluid supply line having a plurality of valves disposed within the fluid supply line. Each of the valves having a closed condition in which the supply line is in fluid isolation from an outside environment and an open condition in which the supply line is in fluid communication with the environment such that the supply line is configured to supply fluid to a mobile, manipulator robot. Mobile, manipulator robots for retrieving inventory items stored within the containers and retrieval methods are also disclosed herein.1. A storage system for robotic picking, comprising:
a storage structure configured to house a plurality of containers, the storage structure including support members, a first set of parallel rails to support a mobile, manipulator robot and a fluid supply line; and a plurality of valves disposed within the fluid supply line, each of the valves having a closed condition in which the fluid supply line is in isolation from an outside environment and an open condition in which the fluid supply line is in communication with the outside environment such that the fluid supply line is configured to supply fluid to a mobile, manipulator robot. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage structure further comprises a second set of parallel rails extending substantially perpendicular to the first set of parallel rails, the first and second set of parallel rails forming a grid having a plurality of grid spaces. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the grid is a first grid and the plurality of grid spaces is a first plurality of grid spaces, further comprising:
a third set of parallel rails and a fourth set of parallel rails extending substantially perpendicular to the third set of parallel rails, the third and fourth set of parallel rails forming a second grid elevated above the first grid, the second grid having a plurality of second grid spaces; and an inclined ramp including a fifth set of rails connecting the first and second grids, or an elevator connecting the first and second grids. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fluid source in fluid communication with the fluid supply line, and wherein the fluid source is a pneumatic source. 5. The system 1, wherein the fluid supply line is attached to an external surface of the first set of parallel rails. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid supply line includes a channel embedded within and extending in a longitudinal direction of the first set of parallel rails, and a plurality of conduits extending between the channel and a respective port located adjacent a surface of the first set of parallel rails. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein at least one of the plurality of valves is at least partially disposed within a respective one of the conduits. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the plurality of valves includes a biasing member coupled to a plug, and when the valve is in the closed condition, the biasing member biases the plug into the port. 9. The system of claim 6, further comprising a mobile, manipulator robot for picking inventory items stored within the storage structure, the robot comprising:
a body; a mobility assembly coupled to the body and configured to guide movement of the robot along the first set of parallel rails; a pneumatic coupler sized and configured to mate with at least one of the plurality of valves and receive fluid from the supply line; and a picking arm equipped with a pneumatic gripping tool to pick inventory items. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first set of parallel rails comprises a conductive metal configured to receive a voltage from a charged or grounded source. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein a portion of a surface of the conductive metal is anodized or otherwise coated to prevent transfer of the voltage through the coated surface. 12. A mobile, manipulator robot for retrieving inventory, comprising:
a body including an interface configured to send processor readable data to a central processor and receive processor executable instructions from the central processor; a mobility assembly coupled to the body; a coupler mateable to a port to receive a fluid supply from a supply line; and a picking arm connected to the body, the picking arm being coupled to a first pneumatic gripping tool configured to pick inventory items. 13. The robot of claim 12, further comprising a tool holder attached to the body, the tool holder having a plurality of retainers. 14. The robot of claim 13, further comprising a second pneumatic gripping tool having a different size, configuration, or material than the first pneumatic gripping tool, and wherein each of the first and second pneumatic gripping tools are interchangeably coupleable to the picking arm and receivable by a respective one of the plurality of retainers. 15. The robot of claim 12, wherein the first pneumatic gripping tool has an additional tool element. 16. The robot of claim 12, further comprising a Venturi pump provided downstream of the coupler and upstream of the first pneumatic gripping tool. 17. The robot of claim 12, further comprising a conductive contact to receive voltage from a surface contacting the mobility assembly. 18. The robot of claim 12, wherein the mobility assembly includes a plurality of wheels, a motor and a transmission operably coupling the motor to each of the plurality of wheels, the motor being arranged to control an orientation of each of the wheels, whereby the wheels are simultaneously rotatable between a first orientation and a second orientation. 19. The robot of claim 12, further comprising a sensor to collect product information relating to at least one of a surface geometry, surface texture, color or porosity from which a grasping region of the inventory items can be determined. 20. The robot of claim 12, wherein the first pneumatic gripping tool is a suction cup. 21. The robot of claim 12, further comprising an air tank coupled to the body, the air tank being less than 20 cubic feet. 22. The robot of claim 12, wherein the inventory is stored within a container having a height, and the picking arm has an end-effector stroke in a vertical direction that is at least two times the height of the container. 23. The robot of claim 12, wherein the picking arm comprises:
a base member coupled to the body; a horizontal extension coupled to the base member; a vertical extension coupled to the horizontal extension; and a positioning arm coupled to the vertical member, the positioning arm being translatable relative to the vertical extension, wherein at least one of a spring, a back-drivable actuator, a force controlled actuator, or a compliant gripping element is coupled to the positioning arm to provide passive or active compliance. | 2,600 |
345,864 | 16,804,242 | 2,672 | By the abovementioned technical solutions, the present disclosure provides optimizing a vector autoregressive model conforming to structural constraints of sparsity and acyclicity. A regularization term is introduced to the model to impose the sparsity structural constraint such that most off-diagonal coefficients of an autoregressive coefficient matrix are forced to zero values. One or more penalty terms are introduced to the model to impose the acyclicity structural constraint such that coefficients of the main diagonal are not causally self-related. The resulting model is then reformulated for computation as an augmented Lagrangian function, and further computed for different parameters in alternating iterations to make the computations tractable and within magnitude and precision limits of digital computers. Models of the present disclosure provide improved computing performance over existing models by directly inferring a sparse causal network having a directed acyclic graph structure without a separate pruning step. | 1. A method comprising:
optimizing, based on multiple variables of at least one time series and a regularization term, a first function iteratively by a first optimization algorithm; optimizing, based on the multiple variables and at least one penalty parameter, a second function iteratively by a second optimization algorithm in alternation with optimizing the first function; and outputting an adjacency matrix representing an inferred causal network of the multiple variables, the causal network having structural sparsity and structural acyclicity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the regularization term influences off-diagonal coefficients of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one penalty parameter limits a trace of an exponential of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first optimization algorithm comprises a gradient algorithm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second optimization algorithm comprises a quasi-Newton algorithm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first function and the second function comprise augmented Lagrangian functions. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein parameters of the augmented Lagrangian functions are updated after each respective iteration of optimizing the first function and optimizing the second function. 8. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the memory storing computer-executable modules executable by the one or more processors that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform associated operations, the computer-executable modules comprising:
a first computing module configured to optimize, based on multiple variables of at least one time series and a regularization term, a first function iteratively by a first optimization algorithm;
a second computing module configured to optimize, based on the multiple variables and at least one penalty parameter, a second function iteratively by a second optimization algorithm in alternation with optimizing the first function; and
a converging module configured to output an adjacency matrix representing an inferred causal network of the multiple variables, the causal network having structural sparsity and structural acyclicity. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the regularization term influences off-diagonal coefficients of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one penalty parameter limits a trace of an exponential of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the first optimization algorithm comprises a gradient algorithm. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the second optimization algorithm comprises a quasi-Newton algorithm. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the first function and the second function comprise augmented Lagrangian functions. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising an adjacency matrix updating module and a penalty increasing module configured to update parameters of the augmented Lagrangian functions after each respective iteration of optimizing the first function and optimizing the second function. 15. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions executable by one or more processors, that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
optimizing, based on multiple variables of at least one time series and a regularization term, a first function iteratively by a first optimization algorithm; optimizing, based on the multiple variables and at least one penalty parameter, a second function iteratively by a second optimization algorithm in alternation with optimizing the first function; and outputting an adjacency matrix representing an inferred causal network of the multiple variables, the causal network having structural sparsity and structural acyclicity. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the regularization term influences off-diagonal coefficients of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the at least one penalty parameter limits a trace of an exponential of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first optimization algorithm comprises a gradient algorithm. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the second optimization algorithm comprises a quasi-Newton algorithm. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first function and the second function comprise augmented Lagrangian functions. | By the abovementioned technical solutions, the present disclosure provides optimizing a vector autoregressive model conforming to structural constraints of sparsity and acyclicity. A regularization term is introduced to the model to impose the sparsity structural constraint such that most off-diagonal coefficients of an autoregressive coefficient matrix are forced to zero values. One or more penalty terms are introduced to the model to impose the acyclicity structural constraint such that coefficients of the main diagonal are not causally self-related. The resulting model is then reformulated for computation as an augmented Lagrangian function, and further computed for different parameters in alternating iterations to make the computations tractable and within magnitude and precision limits of digital computers. Models of the present disclosure provide improved computing performance over existing models by directly inferring a sparse causal network having a directed acyclic graph structure without a separate pruning step.1. A method comprising:
optimizing, based on multiple variables of at least one time series and a regularization term, a first function iteratively by a first optimization algorithm; optimizing, based on the multiple variables and at least one penalty parameter, a second function iteratively by a second optimization algorithm in alternation with optimizing the first function; and outputting an adjacency matrix representing an inferred causal network of the multiple variables, the causal network having structural sparsity and structural acyclicity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the regularization term influences off-diagonal coefficients of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one penalty parameter limits a trace of an exponential of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first optimization algorithm comprises a gradient algorithm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second optimization algorithm comprises a quasi-Newton algorithm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first function and the second function comprise augmented Lagrangian functions. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein parameters of the augmented Lagrangian functions are updated after each respective iteration of optimizing the first function and optimizing the second function. 8. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the memory storing computer-executable modules executable by the one or more processors that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform associated operations, the computer-executable modules comprising:
a first computing module configured to optimize, based on multiple variables of at least one time series and a regularization term, a first function iteratively by a first optimization algorithm;
a second computing module configured to optimize, based on the multiple variables and at least one penalty parameter, a second function iteratively by a second optimization algorithm in alternation with optimizing the first function; and
a converging module configured to output an adjacency matrix representing an inferred causal network of the multiple variables, the causal network having structural sparsity and structural acyclicity. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the regularization term influences off-diagonal coefficients of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one penalty parameter limits a trace of an exponential of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the first optimization algorithm comprises a gradient algorithm. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the second optimization algorithm comprises a quasi-Newton algorithm. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the first function and the second function comprise augmented Lagrangian functions. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising an adjacency matrix updating module and a penalty increasing module configured to update parameters of the augmented Lagrangian functions after each respective iteration of optimizing the first function and optimizing the second function. 15. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions executable by one or more processors, that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
optimizing, based on multiple variables of at least one time series and a regularization term, a first function iteratively by a first optimization algorithm; optimizing, based on the multiple variables and at least one penalty parameter, a second function iteratively by a second optimization algorithm in alternation with optimizing the first function; and outputting an adjacency matrix representing an inferred causal network of the multiple variables, the causal network having structural sparsity and structural acyclicity. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the regularization term influences off-diagonal coefficients of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the at least one penalty parameter limits a trace of an exponential of the adjacency matrix representing the inferred causal network. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first optimization algorithm comprises a gradient algorithm. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the second optimization algorithm comprises a quasi-Newton algorithm. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first function and the second function comprise augmented Lagrangian functions. | 2,600 |
345,865 | 16,804,220 | 2,672 | A radar imaging device having a mission to produce a radar image of a given target, comprising a step of determining the trajectory of the carrier of the imaging device comprises at least: a phase of determining a segment of trajectory for the picture capture, as a function of the position of the target and of the type of image to be produced, the picture capture segment being dedicated to the picture capture of the target by the imaging device; a phase of adding a segment of trajectory of stabilizing the carrier, situated upstream in the extension of the picture capture segment; a phase of addition of a segment of trajectory for homing the carrier onto the stabilizing segment. | 1. A method for optimizing picture captures carried out by an airborne radar imaging device, the mission of the device being to produce a radar image of the SAR type of a given target, said method comprising a step of determining the trajectory of the carrier of the imaging device, said step comprising at least:
a phase of determining a trajectory segment for the picture capture, as a function of the position of the target, the picture capture segment being dedicated to the picture capture of the target by the imaging device; a phase of adding a trajectory segment for stabilizing the carrier, situated upstream in the extension of the picture capture segment; a phase of adding a trajectory segment for homing the carrier onto the stabilizing segment; 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step wherein the parameters defining the trajectory are transmitted to the flight management system of the carrier, said step following the trajectory determining step. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step wherein a picture capture activation order is transmitted to the imaging device as a function of the state of advancement of the carrier on the trajectory, said step following the trajectory determining step. 4. A flight mission system, wherein it is configured to implement the method according to claim 1. | A radar imaging device having a mission to produce a radar image of a given target, comprising a step of determining the trajectory of the carrier of the imaging device comprises at least: a phase of determining a segment of trajectory for the picture capture, as a function of the position of the target and of the type of image to be produced, the picture capture segment being dedicated to the picture capture of the target by the imaging device; a phase of adding a segment of trajectory of stabilizing the carrier, situated upstream in the extension of the picture capture segment; a phase of addition of a segment of trajectory for homing the carrier onto the stabilizing segment.1. A method for optimizing picture captures carried out by an airborne radar imaging device, the mission of the device being to produce a radar image of the SAR type of a given target, said method comprising a step of determining the trajectory of the carrier of the imaging device, said step comprising at least:
a phase of determining a trajectory segment for the picture capture, as a function of the position of the target, the picture capture segment being dedicated to the picture capture of the target by the imaging device; a phase of adding a trajectory segment for stabilizing the carrier, situated upstream in the extension of the picture capture segment; a phase of adding a trajectory segment for homing the carrier onto the stabilizing segment; 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step wherein the parameters defining the trajectory are transmitted to the flight management system of the carrier, said step following the trajectory determining step. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step wherein a picture capture activation order is transmitted to the imaging device as a function of the state of advancement of the carrier on the trajectory, said step following the trajectory determining step. 4. A flight mission system, wherein it is configured to implement the method according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
345,866 | 16,804,317 | 2,672 | An integrated circuit (IC) package substrate, comprising a magnetic material embedded within a dielectric material. A first surface of the dielectric material is below the magnetic material, and a second surface of the dielectric material, opposite the first surface, is over the magnetic material. A metallization level comprising a first metal feature is embedded within the magnetic material. A second metal feature is at an interface of the magnetic material and the dielectric material. The second metal feature has a first sidewall in contact with the dielectric material and a second sidewall in contact with the magnetic material. | 1. An integrated circuit (IC) package substrate, comprising:
a magnetic material embedded within a dielectric material, wherein a first surface of the dielectric material is below the magnetic material, and a second surface of the dielectric material, opposite the first surface, is over the magnetic material; and a metallization level comprising a first metal feature embedded within the magnetic material, and a second metal feature at an interface of the magnetic material and the dielectric material, the second metal feature having a first sidewall in contact with the dielectric material and a second sidewall in contact with the magnetic material. 2. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein the second metal feature completely surrounds the first metal feature, and extends along a perimeter of the magnetic material. 3. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein the metallization level comprises a multilayer material stack including a first metal on a second metal, the second metal having a higher magnetic permeability than the first metal. 4. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein the metallization level further comprises a third metal feature embedded within a portion of the dielectric material laterally adjacent to a sidewall of magnetic material, and wherein a sidewall of the third metal feature has less lateral undercut than the second metal feature. 5. The IC package substrate of claim 4, wherein:
the second metal feature is one of a plurality of second metal features embedded within the magnetic material; the third metal feature is one of a plurality of third metal features embedded within the portion of the dielectric material; and the second metal features have a first pitch; the third metal features have a second pitch; and the second pitch is smaller than the first pitch. 6. The IC package substrate of claim 4, wherein the first sidewall has less lateral undercut than the second sidewall. 7. The IC package substrate of claim 4, wherein the second metal feature has a greater thickness than the third metal feature. 8. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein the sidewall of the magnetic material has a slope of at least 45° from a plane of the metallization layer. 9. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein:
the metallization level is an upper metallization level; the substrate further comprises a lower metallization level; the lower metallization level comprises a lower metal feature between a bottom of the magnetic material and the first surface of the dielectric material; and the lower metal feature has larger lateral dimensions than a portion of magnetic material in contact with the lower metal feature. 10. An integrated circuit (IC) package assembly, comprising:
a power supply attached to a host circuit board; an IC die electrically coupled to the host circuit board through an inductor embedded within an IC package substrate, wherein the IC package substrate further comprises: a magnetic material embedded within a dielectric material, wherein a first surface of the dielectric material is below the magnetic material, and a second surface of the dielectric material, opposite the first surface, is over the magnetic material; and a metallization level comprising an element of the inductor embedded within the magnetic material, and a metal feature at an interface of the magnetic material and the dielectric material, the metal feature having a first sidewall in contact with the dielectric material and a second sidewall in contact with the magnetic material. 11. The IC package assembly of claim 10, wherein the inductor has a planar architecture comprising a serpentine structure embedded within the magnetic material. 12. The IC package assembly of claim 11, wherein the metal feature completely surrounds the element of the inductor, and extends along a perimeter of the magnetic material. 13. The IC package assembly of claim 12, wherein the metallization level comprises a multilayer material stack including a first metal on a second metal, the second metal having a higher magnetic permeability than the first metal. 14. A method of fabricating an integrated circuit (IC) package substrate, the method comprising:
forming one or more metallization layers embedded within a dielectric material, at least one of the metallization layers having been patterned into a preliminary metal feature; forming an opening through the dielectric material, the opening exposing a portion of preliminary metal feature; applying a dry film resist over the portion of the preliminary metal feature; patterning the preliminary metal feature into a first metal feature based on a pattern in the dry film resist; depositing a magnetic material into the opening and over the first metal feature; and forming dielectric material over the magnetic material. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein forming an opening through the dielectric material comprises laser drilling an opening in the dielectric above the preliminary metal feature. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein forming one or more metallization layers embedded within a dielectric material comprises forming the preliminary metal feature by a subtractive-additive process, and wherein one or more sidewalls of the preliminary metal feature has a slope of 10° or less from the plane of the preliminary metal feature. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein patterning the preliminary metal feature into a first metal feature comprises a subtractive removal of metal from the preliminary metal feature, and wherein one or more sidewalls of the first metal feature has a slope between 45° and 85° from the plane of the preliminary metal feature. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first metal feature comprises a serpentine trace comprising a plurality of parallel traces and a ring structure surrounding the serpentine trace, wherein the serpentine trace and a sidewall of the ring structure adjacent to the serpentine trace are formed by subtractive removal of metal of preliminary metal feature in a wet metal etch bath according to the pattern in the dry resist film. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein sidewalls of the plurality of parallel traces of the serpentine trace and the sidewall of the ring structure adjacent to the serpentine trace have a slope between 45° and 85° from the plane of the preliminary metal feature. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the preliminary metal feature is a first preliminary metal feature in a first conductive level coplanar with the bottom of the opening, and a second preliminary feature is in a second conductive level on the dielectric material and over the first conductive level, and wherein a plurality of second metal features are formed simultaneously with the first metal feature by a subtractive removal of metal from the second preliminary metal feature. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first metal feature comprises plurality of parallel traces, wherein ones of the plurality of parallel traces are separated by a minimum pitch, wherein the plurality of second metal features are separated by a second minimum pitch, and wherein the first minimum pitch is substantially the same as the second minimum pitch. | An integrated circuit (IC) package substrate, comprising a magnetic material embedded within a dielectric material. A first surface of the dielectric material is below the magnetic material, and a second surface of the dielectric material, opposite the first surface, is over the magnetic material. A metallization level comprising a first metal feature is embedded within the magnetic material. A second metal feature is at an interface of the magnetic material and the dielectric material. The second metal feature has a first sidewall in contact with the dielectric material and a second sidewall in contact with the magnetic material.1. An integrated circuit (IC) package substrate, comprising:
a magnetic material embedded within a dielectric material, wherein a first surface of the dielectric material is below the magnetic material, and a second surface of the dielectric material, opposite the first surface, is over the magnetic material; and a metallization level comprising a first metal feature embedded within the magnetic material, and a second metal feature at an interface of the magnetic material and the dielectric material, the second metal feature having a first sidewall in contact with the dielectric material and a second sidewall in contact with the magnetic material. 2. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein the second metal feature completely surrounds the first metal feature, and extends along a perimeter of the magnetic material. 3. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein the metallization level comprises a multilayer material stack including a first metal on a second metal, the second metal having a higher magnetic permeability than the first metal. 4. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein the metallization level further comprises a third metal feature embedded within a portion of the dielectric material laterally adjacent to a sidewall of magnetic material, and wherein a sidewall of the third metal feature has less lateral undercut than the second metal feature. 5. The IC package substrate of claim 4, wherein:
the second metal feature is one of a plurality of second metal features embedded within the magnetic material; the third metal feature is one of a plurality of third metal features embedded within the portion of the dielectric material; and the second metal features have a first pitch; the third metal features have a second pitch; and the second pitch is smaller than the first pitch. 6. The IC package substrate of claim 4, wherein the first sidewall has less lateral undercut than the second sidewall. 7. The IC package substrate of claim 4, wherein the second metal feature has a greater thickness than the third metal feature. 8. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein the sidewall of the magnetic material has a slope of at least 45° from a plane of the metallization layer. 9. The IC package substrate of claim 1, wherein:
the metallization level is an upper metallization level; the substrate further comprises a lower metallization level; the lower metallization level comprises a lower metal feature between a bottom of the magnetic material and the first surface of the dielectric material; and the lower metal feature has larger lateral dimensions than a portion of magnetic material in contact with the lower metal feature. 10. An integrated circuit (IC) package assembly, comprising:
a power supply attached to a host circuit board; an IC die electrically coupled to the host circuit board through an inductor embedded within an IC package substrate, wherein the IC package substrate further comprises: a magnetic material embedded within a dielectric material, wherein a first surface of the dielectric material is below the magnetic material, and a second surface of the dielectric material, opposite the first surface, is over the magnetic material; and a metallization level comprising an element of the inductor embedded within the magnetic material, and a metal feature at an interface of the magnetic material and the dielectric material, the metal feature having a first sidewall in contact with the dielectric material and a second sidewall in contact with the magnetic material. 11. The IC package assembly of claim 10, wherein the inductor has a planar architecture comprising a serpentine structure embedded within the magnetic material. 12. The IC package assembly of claim 11, wherein the metal feature completely surrounds the element of the inductor, and extends along a perimeter of the magnetic material. 13. The IC package assembly of claim 12, wherein the metallization level comprises a multilayer material stack including a first metal on a second metal, the second metal having a higher magnetic permeability than the first metal. 14. A method of fabricating an integrated circuit (IC) package substrate, the method comprising:
forming one or more metallization layers embedded within a dielectric material, at least one of the metallization layers having been patterned into a preliminary metal feature; forming an opening through the dielectric material, the opening exposing a portion of preliminary metal feature; applying a dry film resist over the portion of the preliminary metal feature; patterning the preliminary metal feature into a first metal feature based on a pattern in the dry film resist; depositing a magnetic material into the opening and over the first metal feature; and forming dielectric material over the magnetic material. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein forming an opening through the dielectric material comprises laser drilling an opening in the dielectric above the preliminary metal feature. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein forming one or more metallization layers embedded within a dielectric material comprises forming the preliminary metal feature by a subtractive-additive process, and wherein one or more sidewalls of the preliminary metal feature has a slope of 10° or less from the plane of the preliminary metal feature. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein patterning the preliminary metal feature into a first metal feature comprises a subtractive removal of metal from the preliminary metal feature, and wherein one or more sidewalls of the first metal feature has a slope between 45° and 85° from the plane of the preliminary metal feature. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first metal feature comprises a serpentine trace comprising a plurality of parallel traces and a ring structure surrounding the serpentine trace, wherein the serpentine trace and a sidewall of the ring structure adjacent to the serpentine trace are formed by subtractive removal of metal of preliminary metal feature in a wet metal etch bath according to the pattern in the dry resist film. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein sidewalls of the plurality of parallel traces of the serpentine trace and the sidewall of the ring structure adjacent to the serpentine trace have a slope between 45° and 85° from the plane of the preliminary metal feature. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the preliminary metal feature is a first preliminary metal feature in a first conductive level coplanar with the bottom of the opening, and a second preliminary feature is in a second conductive level on the dielectric material and over the first conductive level, and wherein a plurality of second metal features are formed simultaneously with the first metal feature by a subtractive removal of metal from the second preliminary metal feature. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first metal feature comprises plurality of parallel traces, wherein ones of the plurality of parallel traces are separated by a minimum pitch, wherein the plurality of second metal features are separated by a second minimum pitch, and wherein the first minimum pitch is substantially the same as the second minimum pitch. | 2,600 |
345,867 | 16,804,312 | 2,672 | A three-dimensional (3D) printing apparatus includes a housing, a plurality of nozzle assemblies each including a nozzle portion and a heater, a moving grip portion capable of being separated from or fastened to any one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies, a driving portion formed in the housing and configured to move the moving grip portion in three axial directions, and a standby frame on which at least one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies is mounted. Here, each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies includes a first coupling portion. The moving grip portion includes a second coupling portion capable of being magnetically coupled with the first coupling portion. Any one of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion is formed of a magnetic body, and the other of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion is formed of an electromagnet. | 1. A three-dimensional (3D) printing apparatus comprising:
a housing; a plurality of nozzle assemblies each comprising a nozzle portion and a heater; a moving grip portion separable from or fastenable to any one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies; a driving portion formed in the housing and configured to move the moving grip portion in at least two axial directions; and a standby frame on which at least one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies is mounted, wherein each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises a first coupling portion; the moving grip portion comprises a second coupling portion that allows the first coupling portion to be magnetically coupled therewith; any one of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion is formed of a magnetic body; and the other of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion is formed of an electromagnet. 2. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the moving grip portion comprises at least two guide pins formed to protrude toward one side;
each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises at least two guide grooves into which the guide pins are insertable; and the at least two guide pins are inserted into the at least two guide grooves such that the moving grip portion and the any one of nozzle assemblies are located to come into contact with each other in a preset structure. 3. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the moving grip portion comprises a fastening portion rotated by a preset angle;
each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises a fastened groove into which the fastening portion is inserted; and any one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies is pressed against and fastened to the moving grip portion as the fastening portion is rotated in a state of being inserted into the fastened groove. 4. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises an attached block including the fastened groove formed therein;
the fastened groove is formed to extend to a certain length; and the fastening portion approaches from one side of the attached block, is inserted into and passes through the fastened groove, and is rotated in a state of being inserted into the fastened groove so as to be pressed against the other surface of the attached block. 5. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the standby frame comprises a plurality of mounting portions on which the plurality of nozzle assemblies are correspondingly mounted,
wherein each of the plurality of mounting portions comprises:
a mount-support portion formed to protrude toward an inside of the housing; and
at least two mounting pins located to be parallel to the ground and vertically spaced apart from each other,
wherein the at least two mounting pins are formed to protrude from the mount-support portion in a direction perpendicular to a protruding direction of the mount-support portion;
wherein each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises at least two mounting holes; and at least one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies is mounted on the standby frame in a state in which the at least two mounting pins are correspondingly inserted into the at least two mounting holes. 6. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a control portion connected to the driving portion and the moving grip portion; and a bed portion on which a product having a preset shape is formed by the nozzle assembly fastened to the moving grip portion, wherein the control portion senses a distance between the bed portion and the nozzle assembly fastened to the moving grip portion; and the nozzle assembly forms the product having the preset shape to compensate for a height error on the basis of the distance. 7. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises four side members located to be perpendicular to the ground;
the 3D printing apparatus comprising at least two partition members disposed to be spaced at a certain interval apart from at least two of the side members; a partitioned space is formed between the at least two partition members and the at least two side members; and at least a part of the driving portion is located in the partitioned space. | A three-dimensional (3D) printing apparatus includes a housing, a plurality of nozzle assemblies each including a nozzle portion and a heater, a moving grip portion capable of being separated from or fastened to any one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies, a driving portion formed in the housing and configured to move the moving grip portion in three axial directions, and a standby frame on which at least one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies is mounted. Here, each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies includes a first coupling portion. The moving grip portion includes a second coupling portion capable of being magnetically coupled with the first coupling portion. Any one of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion is formed of a magnetic body, and the other of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion is formed of an electromagnet.1. A three-dimensional (3D) printing apparatus comprising:
a housing; a plurality of nozzle assemblies each comprising a nozzle portion and a heater; a moving grip portion separable from or fastenable to any one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies; a driving portion formed in the housing and configured to move the moving grip portion in at least two axial directions; and a standby frame on which at least one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies is mounted, wherein each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises a first coupling portion; the moving grip portion comprises a second coupling portion that allows the first coupling portion to be magnetically coupled therewith; any one of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion is formed of a magnetic body; and the other of the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion is formed of an electromagnet. 2. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the moving grip portion comprises at least two guide pins formed to protrude toward one side;
each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises at least two guide grooves into which the guide pins are insertable; and the at least two guide pins are inserted into the at least two guide grooves such that the moving grip portion and the any one of nozzle assemblies are located to come into contact with each other in a preset structure. 3. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the moving grip portion comprises a fastening portion rotated by a preset angle;
each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises a fastened groove into which the fastening portion is inserted; and any one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies is pressed against and fastened to the moving grip portion as the fastening portion is rotated in a state of being inserted into the fastened groove. 4. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises an attached block including the fastened groove formed therein;
the fastened groove is formed to extend to a certain length; and the fastening portion approaches from one side of the attached block, is inserted into and passes through the fastened groove, and is rotated in a state of being inserted into the fastened groove so as to be pressed against the other surface of the attached block. 5. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the standby frame comprises a plurality of mounting portions on which the plurality of nozzle assemblies are correspondingly mounted,
wherein each of the plurality of mounting portions comprises:
a mount-support portion formed to protrude toward an inside of the housing; and
at least two mounting pins located to be parallel to the ground and vertically spaced apart from each other,
wherein the at least two mounting pins are formed to protrude from the mount-support portion in a direction perpendicular to a protruding direction of the mount-support portion;
wherein each of the plurality of nozzle assemblies comprises at least two mounting holes; and at least one of the plurality of nozzle assemblies is mounted on the standby frame in a state in which the at least two mounting pins are correspondingly inserted into the at least two mounting holes. 6. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a control portion connected to the driving portion and the moving grip portion; and a bed portion on which a product having a preset shape is formed by the nozzle assembly fastened to the moving grip portion, wherein the control portion senses a distance between the bed portion and the nozzle assembly fastened to the moving grip portion; and the nozzle assembly forms the product having the preset shape to compensate for a height error on the basis of the distance. 7. The 3D printing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises four side members located to be perpendicular to the ground;
the 3D printing apparatus comprising at least two partition members disposed to be spaced at a certain interval apart from at least two of the side members; a partitioned space is formed between the at least two partition members and the at least two side members; and at least a part of the driving portion is located in the partitioned space. | 2,600 |
345,868 | 16,804,303 | 2,672 | A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch Λ, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3. | 1. An integrated grating coupler system comprising:
a grating coupler formed on a first chip, the grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a second chip, wherein the grating coupler comprises:
a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1;
a grating structure having grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n2, wherein the grating lines have first line width w1 and first height d1 and are arranged by a first pitch Λ1, wherein the second refractive index n2 is greater than first refractive index n1;
a cladding layer to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3, wherein the third refractive index n3 is less than the second refractive index n2; and
a laser structure connected to the first end of the grating coupler, wherein the laser structure comprises: a substrate identical to a substrate of the grating coupler; an active layer to emit the light beam to the grating coupler, the active layer having a first thickness d1 and a fifth refractive index n4, the active layer being arranged on the second substrate, wherein the active layer is connected to the grating structure of the grating coupler;
a laser-cladding layer arranged on the active layer, the laser-cladding layer having a second thickness d2 and a sixth refractive index n5 is connected to the cladding layer of the grating coupler; and
first and second electrodes to apply a voltage through the laser structure; and a waveguide device to mount the grating coupler and the laser structure, wherein the waveguide device comprises: a first cladding layer connected to bottoms of the grating coupler and the laser structure the first cladding layer having a seventh refractive index n7; a waveguide structure having a second grating structure, wherein the second grating structure includes second grating lines arranged in part of the waveguide structure to couple a laser beam from the grating coupler to the waveguide structure, the waveguide structure having a eighth refractive index n8, wherein the grating lines have second line width w2 and second height d2 and are arranged by a second pitch Λ2, wherein the eighth refractive index n8 is greater than seventh refractive index n7; and a waveguide substrate connected to the waveguide structure, the waveguide substrate having a ninth refractive index n9, wherein the ninth refractive index n9 is less than the eighth refractive index n8. 2. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the laser structure further comprises a first wavelength selective reflector and a third electrode to extract part of the light beam having a selectable wavelength, wherein the waveguide device comprises a second wavelength selective reflector and second-pair electrodes to extract the part of the light beam having the predetermined wavelength. 3. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the laser structure further comprises first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the laser-cladding layer, wherein the second electrode is electrically connected to a surface of the first chip or a surface of the second chip. 4. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the laser structure further comprises a phase control region, between the first and second wavelength selectable reflector, wherein the optical phase is controlled by an injected current, applied reverse bias voltage, or a temperature controlled by a heater. 5. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating structure further includes a waveguide layer to form a grating geometry connecting the grating lines on the waveguide layer, wherein the waveguide layer having a thickness d is arranged on the substrate. 6. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 5, wherein the grating structure further includes sub-gratings having line width w2 and the height d and a second pitch Λ2, wherein the pitch Λ is greater than the second pitch Λ2, wherein the sub-gratings are arranged on at least one side of each of the grating lines. 7. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the pitch Λ is changed from the first end to the second end to focus the light beam on the waveguide of the chip according to a function of distances. 8. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein a ratio w/Λ between the line width w and the pitch Λ over is arranged to be approximately 0.5 for reducing a second order diffraction of the light beam from the grating structure. 9. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, further comprising an end anti-reflection film arranged on the second end. 10. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 9, wherein the end anti-reflection film consists of at least two layers with different materials. 11. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes a dielectric film arranged on the cladding layer. 12. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the third refractive index n3 of the cladding layer is approximately the same as the first refractive index n1 of the substrate. 13. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes a second cladding layer arranged between the grating structure and the cladding layer, wherein the second cladding layer has a fourth refractive index n4, wherein the fourth refractive index n4 is less than the third refractive index n3. 14. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating lines are elliptic grating lines arranged to focus the light beam to the waveguide of the chip. 15. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes a second waveguide layer arranged on the substrate, wherein the grating lines of the grating structure are separately arranged above the second waveguide layer and burred in the cladding layer. 16. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating lines of the grating structure are separately arranged between the substrate and the cladding layer. 17. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the substrate is an InP substrate. | A grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a chip includes a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1, a grating structure having curved grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n1, wherein the curved grating lines have line width w and height d and are arranged by a pitch Λ, wherein the second refractive index n2 is less than first refractive index n1, and a cladding layer configured to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3.1. An integrated grating coupler system comprising:
a grating coupler formed on a first chip, the grating coupler having first and second ends for coupling a light beam to a waveguide of a second chip, wherein the grating coupler comprises:
a substrate configured to receive the light beam from the first end and transmit the light beam through the second end, the substrate having a first refractive index n1;
a grating structure having grating lines arranged on the substrate, the grating structure having a second refractive index n2, wherein the grating lines have first line width w1 and first height d1 and are arranged by a first pitch Λ1, wherein the second refractive index n2 is greater than first refractive index n1;
a cladding layer to cover the grating structure, wherein the cladding layer has a third refractive index n3, wherein the third refractive index n3 is less than the second refractive index n2; and
a laser structure connected to the first end of the grating coupler, wherein the laser structure comprises: a substrate identical to a substrate of the grating coupler; an active layer to emit the light beam to the grating coupler, the active layer having a first thickness d1 and a fifth refractive index n4, the active layer being arranged on the second substrate, wherein the active layer is connected to the grating structure of the grating coupler;
a laser-cladding layer arranged on the active layer, the laser-cladding layer having a second thickness d2 and a sixth refractive index n5 is connected to the cladding layer of the grating coupler; and
first and second electrodes to apply a voltage through the laser structure; and a waveguide device to mount the grating coupler and the laser structure, wherein the waveguide device comprises: a first cladding layer connected to bottoms of the grating coupler and the laser structure the first cladding layer having a seventh refractive index n7; a waveguide structure having a second grating structure, wherein the second grating structure includes second grating lines arranged in part of the waveguide structure to couple a laser beam from the grating coupler to the waveguide structure, the waveguide structure having a eighth refractive index n8, wherein the grating lines have second line width w2 and second height d2 and are arranged by a second pitch Λ2, wherein the eighth refractive index n8 is greater than seventh refractive index n7; and a waveguide substrate connected to the waveguide structure, the waveguide substrate having a ninth refractive index n9, wherein the ninth refractive index n9 is less than the eighth refractive index n8. 2. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the laser structure further comprises a first wavelength selective reflector and a third electrode to extract part of the light beam having a selectable wavelength, wherein the waveguide device comprises a second wavelength selective reflector and second-pair electrodes to extract the part of the light beam having the predetermined wavelength. 3. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the laser structure further comprises first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the laser-cladding layer, wherein the second electrode is electrically connected to a surface of the first chip or a surface of the second chip. 4. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the laser structure further comprises a phase control region, between the first and second wavelength selectable reflector, wherein the optical phase is controlled by an injected current, applied reverse bias voltage, or a temperature controlled by a heater. 5. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating structure further includes a waveguide layer to form a grating geometry connecting the grating lines on the waveguide layer, wherein the waveguide layer having a thickness d is arranged on the substrate. 6. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 5, wherein the grating structure further includes sub-gratings having line width w2 and the height d and a second pitch Λ2, wherein the pitch Λ is greater than the second pitch Λ2, wherein the sub-gratings are arranged on at least one side of each of the grating lines. 7. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the pitch Λ is changed from the first end to the second end to focus the light beam on the waveguide of the chip according to a function of distances. 8. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein a ratio w/Λ between the line width w and the pitch Λ over is arranged to be approximately 0.5 for reducing a second order diffraction of the light beam from the grating structure. 9. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, further comprising an end anti-reflection film arranged on the second end. 10. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 9, wherein the end anti-reflection film consists of at least two layers with different materials. 11. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes a dielectric film arranged on the cladding layer. 12. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the third refractive index n3 of the cladding layer is approximately the same as the first refractive index n1 of the substrate. 13. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes a second cladding layer arranged between the grating structure and the cladding layer, wherein the second cladding layer has a fourth refractive index n4, wherein the fourth refractive index n4 is less than the third refractive index n3. 14. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating lines are elliptic grating lines arranged to focus the light beam to the waveguide of the chip. 15. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating coupler includes a second waveguide layer arranged on the substrate, wherein the grating lines of the grating structure are separately arranged above the second waveguide layer and burred in the cladding layer. 16. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the grating lines of the grating structure are separately arranged between the substrate and the cladding layer. 17. The integrated grating coupler system of claim 1, wherein the substrate is an InP substrate. | 2,600 |
345,869 | 16,804,228 | 2,672 | Engineered transcriptional activator-like effectors (TALEs) are versatile tools for genome manipulation with applications in research and clinical contexts. One current drawback of TALEs is that the 5′ nucleotide of the target is specific for thymine (T). TALE domains with alternative 5′ nucleotide specificities could expand the scope of DNA target sequences that can be bound by TALEs. Another drawback of TALEs is their tendency to bind and cleave off-target sequence, which hampers their clinical application and renders applications requiring high-fidelity binding unfeasible. This disclosure provides methods and strategies for the continuous evolution of proteins comprising DNA-binding domains, e.g., TALE domains. In some aspects, this disclosure provides methods and strategies for evolving such proteins under positive selection for a desired DNA-binding activity and/or under negative selection against one or more undesired (e.g., off-target) DNA-binding activities. Some aspects of this disclosure provide engineered TALE domains and TALEs comprising such engineered domains, e.g., TALE nucleases (TALENs), TALE transcriptional activators, TALE transcriptional repressors, and TALE epigenetic modification enzymes, with altered 5′ nucleotide specificities of target sequences. Engineered TALEs that target ATM with greater specificity are also provided. | 1-130. (canceled) 131. A protein comprising a TALE N-terminal domain having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises an alanine to glutamic acid amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 39 of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the protein has DNA-binding activity. 132. The protein of claim 131 further comprising a lysine to glutamic acid substitution at amino acid residue 19 of SEQ ID NO:1. 133. The protein of claim 131 further comprising a glycine to arginine amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 98 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 134. A protein comprising a TALE N-terminal domain having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises a lysine to glutamic acid substitution at amino acid residue 19 of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the protein has DNA-binding activity. 135. The protein of claim 134 further comprising a glycine to arginine amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 98 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 136. The protein of claim 131 further comprising one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of S22N, G77D, A85T, T91A, A93G, P99S, P99T, A129E, and N136T of SEQ ID NO: 1. 137. The protein of claim 131 further comprising an arginine to tryptophan amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 21 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 138. The protein of claim 134 further comprising one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of S22N, G77D, A85T, T91A, A93G, P99S, P99T, A129E, and N136T of SEQ ID NO: 1. 139. The protein of claim 134 further comprising an arginine to tryptophan amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 21 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 140. A method comprising contacting a nucleic acid molecule comprising a target sequence with the protein of claim 131 under conditions suitable for the protein to bind the target sequence. 141. The method of claim 136, wherein the contacting is in vitro. 142. The method of claim 136, wherein the contacting is in vivo. 143. The method of claim 136, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is in a cell. 144. The method of claim 139, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell. 145. A method comprising contacting a nucleic acid molecule comprising a target sequence with the protein of claim 134 under conditions suitable for the protein to bind the target sequence. 146. The method of claim 145, wherein the contacting is in vitro. 147. The method of claim 145, wherein the contacting is in vivo. 148. The method of claim 145, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is in a cell. 149. The method of claim 148, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell. | Engineered transcriptional activator-like effectors (TALEs) are versatile tools for genome manipulation with applications in research and clinical contexts. One current drawback of TALEs is that the 5′ nucleotide of the target is specific for thymine (T). TALE domains with alternative 5′ nucleotide specificities could expand the scope of DNA target sequences that can be bound by TALEs. Another drawback of TALEs is their tendency to bind and cleave off-target sequence, which hampers their clinical application and renders applications requiring high-fidelity binding unfeasible. This disclosure provides methods and strategies for the continuous evolution of proteins comprising DNA-binding domains, e.g., TALE domains. In some aspects, this disclosure provides methods and strategies for evolving such proteins under positive selection for a desired DNA-binding activity and/or under negative selection against one or more undesired (e.g., off-target) DNA-binding activities. Some aspects of this disclosure provide engineered TALE domains and TALEs comprising such engineered domains, e.g., TALE nucleases (TALENs), TALE transcriptional activators, TALE transcriptional repressors, and TALE epigenetic modification enzymes, with altered 5′ nucleotide specificities of target sequences. Engineered TALEs that target ATM with greater specificity are also provided.1-130. (canceled) 131. A protein comprising a TALE N-terminal domain having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises an alanine to glutamic acid amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 39 of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the protein has DNA-binding activity. 132. The protein of claim 131 further comprising a lysine to glutamic acid substitution at amino acid residue 19 of SEQ ID NO:1. 133. The protein of claim 131 further comprising a glycine to arginine amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 98 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 134. A protein comprising a TALE N-terminal domain having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises a lysine to glutamic acid substitution at amino acid residue 19 of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the protein has DNA-binding activity. 135. The protein of claim 134 further comprising a glycine to arginine amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 98 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 136. The protein of claim 131 further comprising one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of S22N, G77D, A85T, T91A, A93G, P99S, P99T, A129E, and N136T of SEQ ID NO: 1. 137. The protein of claim 131 further comprising an arginine to tryptophan amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 21 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 138. The protein of claim 134 further comprising one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of S22N, G77D, A85T, T91A, A93G, P99S, P99T, A129E, and N136T of SEQ ID NO: 1. 139. The protein of claim 134 further comprising an arginine to tryptophan amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 21 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 140. A method comprising contacting a nucleic acid molecule comprising a target sequence with the protein of claim 131 under conditions suitable for the protein to bind the target sequence. 141. The method of claim 136, wherein the contacting is in vitro. 142. The method of claim 136, wherein the contacting is in vivo. 143. The method of claim 136, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is in a cell. 144. The method of claim 139, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell. 145. A method comprising contacting a nucleic acid molecule comprising a target sequence with the protein of claim 134 under conditions suitable for the protein to bind the target sequence. 146. The method of claim 145, wherein the contacting is in vitro. 147. The method of claim 145, wherein the contacting is in vivo. 148. The method of claim 145, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is in a cell. 149. The method of claim 148, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell. | 2,600 |
345,870 | 16,804,288 | 2,672 | The present invention relates to the use of immunogenic peptides comprising a T-cell epitope derived from an allograft antigen and a redox motif such as C-(X)2-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-(X)2-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) in the prevention and/or treatment of allograft rejection and in the manufacture of medicaments therefore. | 1-28. (canceled) 29. A method of preventing or treating in a recipient the rejection of a mammalian allograft, said method comprising administering a peptide comprising (i) a T-cell epitope derived from an alloantigenic protein of said allograft and comprising (ii) a C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif. 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein said allograft is a solid organ graft. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein said solid organ graft is selected from the group consisting of: kidney, lung, heart, liver, pancreas, bone and skin. 32. The method according to claim 29, wherein said allograft is a cellular graft. 33. The method according to claim 29, wherein said allograft is a bone marrow graft. 34. The method according to claim 32, wherein said cellular graft is a cord blood cell graft, stem cell graft, or pancreatic islet cell graft. 35. The method according to claim 29, wherein said alloantigenic protein is selected from the group of minor histocompatibility antigens, major histocompatibility antigens or tissue-specific antigens. 36. The method according to claim 29, wherein said major histocompatibility antigen is an MEW class I-antigen or an MEW class II-antigen. 37. The method according to claim 29, wherein said C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif is adjacent to said T-cell epitope, or is separated from said T-cell epitope by a linker. 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein said linker consists of at most 7 amino acids. 39. The method according to claim 29, wherein said C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif does not naturally occur within a region of 11 amino acids N- or C-terminally adjacent to the T-cell epitope in said alloantigenic protein. 40. The method according to claim 29, wherein said immunogenic peptide further comprises an endosomal targeting sequence. 41. The method according to claim 29, wherein said C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif is positioned N-terminally of the T-cell epitope. 42. A method for obtaining a population of allograft antigen-specific regulatory T cells with cytotoxic properties, the method comprising the steps of:
providing peripheral blood cells; contacting said cells with an immunogenic peptide comprising (i) a T-cell epitope derived from an allograft antigenic protein and (ii) a C-(X)2-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-(X)2-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif; and expanding said cells in the presence of IL-2. 43. An isolated immunogenic peptide with a length of between 12 and 75 amino acids comprising:
(i) an MHC class II T-cell epitope of an alloantigenic protein of an allograft, wherein said alloantigenic protein does not comprise C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) within 11 amino acids N- or C-terminally of said epitope in said alloantigenic protein, and (ii) a redox motif, which is C-(X)2-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-(X)2-C(SEQ ID NO: 19); 44. The peptide according to claim 44, wherein said alloantigenic protein does not comprise said motif. 45. The peptide according to claim 44, wherein said epitope and said motif are immediately adjacent to each other or are separated by at most 4 amino acids in said peptide. 46. The peptide according to claim 44, which has a length of between 12 and 50 amino acids. 47. The peptide according to claim 44, wherein said allograft is a solid organ graft or a cellular graft. 48. The peptide according to claim 44, wherein said immunogenic peptide further comprises an endosomal targeting sequence. | The present invention relates to the use of immunogenic peptides comprising a T-cell epitope derived from an allograft antigen and a redox motif such as C-(X)2-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-(X)2-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) in the prevention and/or treatment of allograft rejection and in the manufacture of medicaments therefore.1-28. (canceled) 29. A method of preventing or treating in a recipient the rejection of a mammalian allograft, said method comprising administering a peptide comprising (i) a T-cell epitope derived from an alloantigenic protein of said allograft and comprising (ii) a C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif. 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein said allograft is a solid organ graft. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein said solid organ graft is selected from the group consisting of: kidney, lung, heart, liver, pancreas, bone and skin. 32. The method according to claim 29, wherein said allograft is a cellular graft. 33. The method according to claim 29, wherein said allograft is a bone marrow graft. 34. The method according to claim 32, wherein said cellular graft is a cord blood cell graft, stem cell graft, or pancreatic islet cell graft. 35. The method according to claim 29, wherein said alloantigenic protein is selected from the group of minor histocompatibility antigens, major histocompatibility antigens or tissue-specific antigens. 36. The method according to claim 29, wherein said major histocompatibility antigen is an MEW class I-antigen or an MEW class II-antigen. 37. The method according to claim 29, wherein said C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif is adjacent to said T-cell epitope, or is separated from said T-cell epitope by a linker. 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein said linker consists of at most 7 amino acids. 39. The method according to claim 29, wherein said C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif does not naturally occur within a region of 11 amino acids N- or C-terminally adjacent to the T-cell epitope in said alloantigenic protein. 40. The method according to claim 29, wherein said immunogenic peptide further comprises an endosomal targeting sequence. 41. The method according to claim 29, wherein said C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif is positioned N-terminally of the T-cell epitope. 42. A method for obtaining a population of allograft antigen-specific regulatory T cells with cytotoxic properties, the method comprising the steps of:
providing peripheral blood cells; contacting said cells with an immunogenic peptide comprising (i) a T-cell epitope derived from an allograft antigenic protein and (ii) a C-(X)2-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-(X)2-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) motif; and expanding said cells in the presence of IL-2. 43. An isolated immunogenic peptide with a length of between 12 and 75 amino acids comprising:
(i) an MHC class II T-cell epitope of an alloantigenic protein of an allograft, wherein said alloantigenic protein does not comprise C-XX-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-XX-C(SEQ ID NO: 19) within 11 amino acids N- or C-terminally of said epitope in said alloantigenic protein, and (ii) a redox motif, which is C-(X)2-[CST] (SEQ ID NO: 18) or [CST]-(X)2-C(SEQ ID NO: 19); 44. The peptide according to claim 44, wherein said alloantigenic protein does not comprise said motif. 45. The peptide according to claim 44, wherein said epitope and said motif are immediately adjacent to each other or are separated by at most 4 amino acids in said peptide. 46. The peptide according to claim 44, which has a length of between 12 and 50 amino acids. 47. The peptide according to claim 44, wherein said allograft is a solid organ graft or a cellular graft. 48. The peptide according to claim 44, wherein said immunogenic peptide further comprises an endosomal targeting sequence. | 2,600 |
345,871 | 16,804,283 | 2,672 | A gas sensor (100) extending in an axial direction AX including: a gas sensor element (120) which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell (110) having a polygonal tool engagement portion (110B) surrounding the gas sensor element (120); a tubular outer tube (103) which extends rearward from the metallic shell (110), surrounds the gas sensor element (120), and has an opening (103E) at a rear end thereof; a sealing member (191) which seals the opening (103E); and a tubular heat dissipating member (104) which surrounds the outer tube (103) and reduces the amount of heat transferred from the forward end side of the gas sensor (100) through the outer tube (103) to the sealing member (191). The maximum diameter D1 of the heat dissipating member (104) is equal to or less than the opposite side dimension D2 of the tool engagement portion (110B). | 1. A gas sensor extending in an axial direction and comprising:
a gas sensor element which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell having a polygonal tool engagement portion surrounding the gas sensor element; a tubular outer tube which extends rearward from the metallic shell, surrounds the gas sensor element, and has an opening at a rear end thereof; a sealing member which seals the opening; and a tubular heat dissipating member which surrounds the outer tube and reduces the amount of heat transferred from a forward end side of the gas sensor through the outer tube to the sealing member, wherein a maximum diameter of the heat dissipating member is equal to or less than an opposite side dimension of the tool engagement portion, which is a distance between two opposite sides of the tool engagement portion. 2. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rear end of the heat dissipating member is located forward of a forward end of the sealing member or wherein the heat dissipating member at least partially overlaps the sealing member in the axial direction and is spaced apart from the outer tube in at least part of a region in which the heat dissipating member overlaps the sealing member. 3. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer tube has a heat transfer resistance per unit length in the axial direction that is larger than that of the heat dissipating member. 4. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat dissipating member has a thickness that is larger than the thickness of the outer tube. 5. A gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metallic shell has a mounting portion extending rearward from a rear end of the tool engagement portion, and the heat dissipating member is fixed to the mounting portion directly or indirectly through the outer tube while overlapping the mounting portion in the axial direction. 6. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 5, wherein a forward end of the heat dissipating member, a forward end of the outer tube, and the mounting portion are integrally fixed by welding. | A gas sensor (100) extending in an axial direction AX including: a gas sensor element (120) which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell (110) having a polygonal tool engagement portion (110B) surrounding the gas sensor element (120); a tubular outer tube (103) which extends rearward from the metallic shell (110), surrounds the gas sensor element (120), and has an opening (103E) at a rear end thereof; a sealing member (191) which seals the opening (103E); and a tubular heat dissipating member (104) which surrounds the outer tube (103) and reduces the amount of heat transferred from the forward end side of the gas sensor (100) through the outer tube (103) to the sealing member (191). The maximum diameter D1 of the heat dissipating member (104) is equal to or less than the opposite side dimension D2 of the tool engagement portion (110B).1. A gas sensor extending in an axial direction and comprising:
a gas sensor element which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell having a polygonal tool engagement portion surrounding the gas sensor element; a tubular outer tube which extends rearward from the metallic shell, surrounds the gas sensor element, and has an opening at a rear end thereof; a sealing member which seals the opening; and a tubular heat dissipating member which surrounds the outer tube and reduces the amount of heat transferred from a forward end side of the gas sensor through the outer tube to the sealing member, wherein a maximum diameter of the heat dissipating member is equal to or less than an opposite side dimension of the tool engagement portion, which is a distance between two opposite sides of the tool engagement portion. 2. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rear end of the heat dissipating member is located forward of a forward end of the sealing member or wherein the heat dissipating member at least partially overlaps the sealing member in the axial direction and is spaced apart from the outer tube in at least part of a region in which the heat dissipating member overlaps the sealing member. 3. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer tube has a heat transfer resistance per unit length in the axial direction that is larger than that of the heat dissipating member. 4. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat dissipating member has a thickness that is larger than the thickness of the outer tube. 5. A gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metallic shell has a mounting portion extending rearward from a rear end of the tool engagement portion, and the heat dissipating member is fixed to the mounting portion directly or indirectly through the outer tube while overlapping the mounting portion in the axial direction. 6. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 5, wherein a forward end of the heat dissipating member, a forward end of the outer tube, and the mounting portion are integrally fixed by welding. | 2,600 |
345,872 | 16,804,277 | 2,672 | A gas sensor (100) extending in an axial direction AX including: a gas sensor element (120) which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell (110) having a polygonal tool engagement portion (110B) surrounding the gas sensor element (120); a tubular outer tube (103) which extends rearward from the metallic shell (110), surrounds the gas sensor element (120), and has an opening (103E) at a rear end thereof; a sealing member (191) which seals the opening (103E); and a tubular heat dissipating member (104) which surrounds the outer tube (103) and reduces the amount of heat transferred from the forward end side of the gas sensor (100) through the outer tube (103) to the sealing member (191). The maximum diameter D1 of the heat dissipating member (104) is equal to or less than the opposite side dimension D2 of the tool engagement portion (110B). | 1. A gas sensor extending in an axial direction and comprising:
a gas sensor element which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell having a polygonal tool engagement portion surrounding the gas sensor element; a tubular outer tube which extends rearward from the metallic shell, surrounds the gas sensor element, and has an opening at a rear end thereof; a sealing member which seals the opening; and a tubular heat dissipating member which surrounds the outer tube and reduces the amount of heat transferred from a forward end side of the gas sensor through the outer tube to the sealing member, wherein a maximum diameter of the heat dissipating member is equal to or less than an opposite side dimension of the tool engagement portion, which is a distance between two opposite sides of the tool engagement portion. 2. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rear end of the heat dissipating member is located forward of a forward end of the sealing member or wherein the heat dissipating member at least partially overlaps the sealing member in the axial direction and is spaced apart from the outer tube in at least part of a region in which the heat dissipating member overlaps the sealing member. 3. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer tube has a heat transfer resistance per unit length in the axial direction that is larger than that of the heat dissipating member. 4. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat dissipating member has a thickness that is larger than the thickness of the outer tube. 5. A gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metallic shell has a mounting portion extending rearward from a rear end of the tool engagement portion, and the heat dissipating member is fixed to the mounting portion directly or indirectly through the outer tube while overlapping the mounting portion in the axial direction. 6. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 5, wherein a forward end of the heat dissipating member, a forward end of the outer tube, and the mounting portion are integrally fixed by welding. | A gas sensor (100) extending in an axial direction AX including: a gas sensor element (120) which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell (110) having a polygonal tool engagement portion (110B) surrounding the gas sensor element (120); a tubular outer tube (103) which extends rearward from the metallic shell (110), surrounds the gas sensor element (120), and has an opening (103E) at a rear end thereof; a sealing member (191) which seals the opening (103E); and a tubular heat dissipating member (104) which surrounds the outer tube (103) and reduces the amount of heat transferred from the forward end side of the gas sensor (100) through the outer tube (103) to the sealing member (191). The maximum diameter D1 of the heat dissipating member (104) is equal to or less than the opposite side dimension D2 of the tool engagement portion (110B).1. A gas sensor extending in an axial direction and comprising:
a gas sensor element which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell having a polygonal tool engagement portion surrounding the gas sensor element; a tubular outer tube which extends rearward from the metallic shell, surrounds the gas sensor element, and has an opening at a rear end thereof; a sealing member which seals the opening; and a tubular heat dissipating member which surrounds the outer tube and reduces the amount of heat transferred from a forward end side of the gas sensor through the outer tube to the sealing member, wherein a maximum diameter of the heat dissipating member is equal to or less than an opposite side dimension of the tool engagement portion, which is a distance between two opposite sides of the tool engagement portion. 2. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rear end of the heat dissipating member is located forward of a forward end of the sealing member or wherein the heat dissipating member at least partially overlaps the sealing member in the axial direction and is spaced apart from the outer tube in at least part of a region in which the heat dissipating member overlaps the sealing member. 3. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer tube has a heat transfer resistance per unit length in the axial direction that is larger than that of the heat dissipating member. 4. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat dissipating member has a thickness that is larger than the thickness of the outer tube. 5. A gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metallic shell has a mounting portion extending rearward from a rear end of the tool engagement portion, and the heat dissipating member is fixed to the mounting portion directly or indirectly through the outer tube while overlapping the mounting portion in the axial direction. 6. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 5, wherein a forward end of the heat dissipating member, a forward end of the outer tube, and the mounting portion are integrally fixed by welding. | 2,600 |
345,873 | 16,804,298 | 3,652 | A gas sensor (100) extending in an axial direction AX including: a gas sensor element (120) which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell (110) having a polygonal tool engagement portion (110B) surrounding the gas sensor element (120); a tubular outer tube (103) which extends rearward from the metallic shell (110), surrounds the gas sensor element (120), and has an opening (103E) at a rear end thereof; a sealing member (191) which seals the opening (103E); and a tubular heat dissipating member (104) which surrounds the outer tube (103) and reduces the amount of heat transferred from the forward end side of the gas sensor (100) through the outer tube (103) to the sealing member (191). The maximum diameter D1 of the heat dissipating member (104) is equal to or less than the opposite side dimension D2 of the tool engagement portion (110B). | 1. A gas sensor extending in an axial direction and comprising:
a gas sensor element which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell having a polygonal tool engagement portion surrounding the gas sensor element; a tubular outer tube which extends rearward from the metallic shell, surrounds the gas sensor element, and has an opening at a rear end thereof; a sealing member which seals the opening; and a tubular heat dissipating member which surrounds the outer tube and reduces the amount of heat transferred from a forward end side of the gas sensor through the outer tube to the sealing member, wherein a maximum diameter of the heat dissipating member is equal to or less than an opposite side dimension of the tool engagement portion, which is a distance between two opposite sides of the tool engagement portion. 2. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rear end of the heat dissipating member is located forward of a forward end of the sealing member or wherein the heat dissipating member at least partially overlaps the sealing member in the axial direction and is spaced apart from the outer tube in at least part of a region in which the heat dissipating member overlaps the sealing member. 3. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer tube has a heat transfer resistance per unit length in the axial direction that is larger than that of the heat dissipating member. 4. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat dissipating member has a thickness that is larger than the thickness of the outer tube. 5. A gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metallic shell has a mounting portion extending rearward from a rear end of the tool engagement portion, and the heat dissipating member is fixed to the mounting portion directly or indirectly through the outer tube while overlapping the mounting portion in the axial direction. 6. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 5, wherein a forward end of the heat dissipating member, a forward end of the outer tube, and the mounting portion are integrally fixed by welding. | A gas sensor (100) extending in an axial direction AX including: a gas sensor element (120) which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell (110) having a polygonal tool engagement portion (110B) surrounding the gas sensor element (120); a tubular outer tube (103) which extends rearward from the metallic shell (110), surrounds the gas sensor element (120), and has an opening (103E) at a rear end thereof; a sealing member (191) which seals the opening (103E); and a tubular heat dissipating member (104) which surrounds the outer tube (103) and reduces the amount of heat transferred from the forward end side of the gas sensor (100) through the outer tube (103) to the sealing member (191). The maximum diameter D1 of the heat dissipating member (104) is equal to or less than the opposite side dimension D2 of the tool engagement portion (110B).1. A gas sensor extending in an axial direction and comprising:
a gas sensor element which detects the concentration of a specific gas in a gas under measurement; a tubular metallic shell having a polygonal tool engagement portion surrounding the gas sensor element; a tubular outer tube which extends rearward from the metallic shell, surrounds the gas sensor element, and has an opening at a rear end thereof; a sealing member which seals the opening; and a tubular heat dissipating member which surrounds the outer tube and reduces the amount of heat transferred from a forward end side of the gas sensor through the outer tube to the sealing member, wherein a maximum diameter of the heat dissipating member is equal to or less than an opposite side dimension of the tool engagement portion, which is a distance between two opposite sides of the tool engagement portion. 2. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rear end of the heat dissipating member is located forward of a forward end of the sealing member or wherein the heat dissipating member at least partially overlaps the sealing member in the axial direction and is spaced apart from the outer tube in at least part of a region in which the heat dissipating member overlaps the sealing member. 3. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer tube has a heat transfer resistance per unit length in the axial direction that is larger than that of the heat dissipating member. 4. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat dissipating member has a thickness that is larger than the thickness of the outer tube. 5. A gas sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metallic shell has a mounting portion extending rearward from a rear end of the tool engagement portion, and the heat dissipating member is fixed to the mounting portion directly or indirectly through the outer tube while overlapping the mounting portion in the axial direction. 6. The gas sensor as claimed in claim 5, wherein a forward end of the heat dissipating member, a forward end of the outer tube, and the mounting portion are integrally fixed by welding. | 3,600 |
345,874 | 16,804,264 | 3,652 | One illustrative integrated circuit (IC) product disclosed herein includes a first conductive source/drain contact structure of a first transistor with an insulating source/drain cap positioned above at least a portion of an upper surface of the first conductive source/drain contact structure and a gate-to-source/drain (GSD) contact structure that is conductively coupled to the first conductive source/drain contact structure and a first gate structure of a second transistor. In this example, the product also includes a gate contact structure that is conductively coupled to a second gate structure of a third transistor, wherein an upper surface of each of the GSD contact structure and the gate contact structure is positioned at a first level that is at a level that is above a level of an upper surface of the insulating source/drain cap. | 1. An integrated circuit (IC) product, comprising:
a first conductive source/drain contact structure of a first transistor; an insulating source/drain cap positioned above at least a portion of an upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure; a gate-to-source/drain (GSD) contact structure that is conductively coupled to said first conductive source/drain contact structure and a first gate structure of a second transistor; and a gate contact structure that is conductively coupled to a second gate structure of a third transistor, wherein an upper surface of each of said GSD contact structure and said gate contact structure is positioned at a first level that is at a level that is above a level of an upper surface of said insulating source/drain cap. 2. The IC product of claim 1, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts at least one of a side surface and said upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure. 3. The IC product of claim 1, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts both a side surface and said upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure. 4. The IC product of claim 1, wherein said third transistor further comprises a second conductive source/drain contact structure and wherein said IC product further comprises first and second separate conductive contact structures, said first conductive contact structure being positioned above and conductively coupled to said gate contact structure, said second conductive contact structure being positioned above and conductively coupled to said second conductive source/drain contact structure. 5. The IC product of claim 4, further comprising:
a first conductive line that is positioned vertically above at least a portion of both said GSD contact structure and said gate contact structure, wherein said first conductive line is conductively coupled to said first conductive contact structure and wherein an insulating material is positioned vertically between said first conductive line and said GSD contact structure; and a second conductive line that is positioned vertically above and conductively coupled to said second conductive contact structure. 6. The IC product of claim 1, further comprising a first sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said first gate structure of said second transistor, wherein a bottom surface of said GSD contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said first gate structure and an upper surface of said first sidewall spacer. 7. The IC product of claim 1, further comprising a first sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said first gate structure of said second transistor, wherein a bottom surface of said GSD contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said first gate structure and an upper surface of said first sidewall spacer. 8. The IC product of claim 7, further comprising:
a second sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said second gate structure of said third transistor, said first and second sidewall spacers comprising a first material; and a third sidewall spacer positioned above said second sidewall spacer, said third sidewall spacer comprising a second material that is different from said first material, wherein a first surface of said gate contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said second gate structure and a second surface of said gate contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said third sidewall spacer. 9. The IC product of claim 1, wherein said third transistor has an active region and wherein an entirety of said gate contact structure is positioned vertically above said active region of said third transistor. 10. An integrated circuit (IC) product, comprising:
a first conductive source/drain contact structure of a first transistor; an insulating source/drain cap positioned above at least a portion of an upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure; a second transistor comprising a first gate structure; a first sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said first gate structure of said second transistor; a gate-to-source/drain (GSD) contact structure that is conductively coupled to said first conductive source/drain contact structure and said first gate structure of said second transistor, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts at least one of a side surface and said upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure and wherein a bottom surface of said GSD contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said first gate structure and an upper surface of said first sidewall spacer; and a gate contact structure that is conductively coupled to a second gate structure of a third transistor, wherein an upper surface of each of said GSD contact structure and said gate contact structure is positioned at a first level that is at a level that is above a level of an upper surface of said insulating source/drain cap. 11. The IC product of claim 10, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts both said side surface and said upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure. 12. The IC product of claim 10, wherein said third transistor further comprises a second conductive source/drain contact structure and wherein said IC product further comprises first and second separate conductive contact structures, said first conductive contact structure being positioned above and conductively coupled to said gate contact structure, said second conductive contact structure being positioned above and conductively coupled to said second conductive source/drain contact structure. 13. The IC product of claim 12, further comprising:
a first conductive line that is positioned vertically above at least a portion of both said GSD contact structure and said gate contact structure, wherein said first conductive line is conductively coupled to said first conductive contact structure and wherein an insulating material is positioned vertically between said first conductive line and said GSD contact structure; and a second conductive line that is positioned vertically above and conductively coupled to said second conductive contact structure. 14. The IC product of claim 10, further comprising:
a second sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said second gate structure of said third transistor, said first and second sidewall spacers comprising a first material; and a third sidewall spacer positioned above said second sidewall spacer, said third sidewall spacer comprising a second material that is different from said first material, wherein a first surface of said gate contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said second gate structure and a second surface of said gate contact structure physically contact an upper surface of said third sidewall spacer. 15. An integrated circuit (IC) product, comprising:
a first conductive source/drain contact structure of a first transistor; an insulating source/drain cap positioned above at least a portion of an upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure; a gate-to-source/drain (GSD) contact structure that is conductively coupled to said first conductive source/drain contact structure and a first gate structure of a second transistor, wherein an upper surface of said GSD contact structure is positioned at a first level that is at a level that is below a level of an upper surface of said insulating source/drain cap; and a gate contact structure that is conductively coupled to a second gate structure of a third transistor, wherein an upper surface of said gate contact structure is positioned at a second level that is at a level that is above said first level. 16. The IC product of claim 15, further comprising:
a layer of insulating material comprising a first insulating material, wherein at least a portion of said gate contact structure is positioned within said layer of insulating material; and an insulating cap positioned above said GSD contact structure, wherein at least a portion of said insulating cap is positioned in said layer of insulating material and wherein said insulating cap comprises a second insulating material that is different than said first insulating material. 17. The IC product of claim 16, wherein said first insulating material comprises silicon dioxide and wherein said second insulating material comprises one of silicon nitride or a low-k insulating material. 18. The IC product of claim 15, further comprising a first conductive line that is positioned vertically above at least a portion of said GSD contact structure, wherein said first conductive line is conductively coupled to said gate contact structure and wherein at least a portion of said insulating cap is positioned vertically between said first conductive line and said GSD contact structure. 19. The IC product of claim 18, wherein said first conductive line physically contacts an upper surface of said insulating cap. 20. The IC product of claim 15, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts at least one of a side surface and an upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure. | One illustrative integrated circuit (IC) product disclosed herein includes a first conductive source/drain contact structure of a first transistor with an insulating source/drain cap positioned above at least a portion of an upper surface of the first conductive source/drain contact structure and a gate-to-source/drain (GSD) contact structure that is conductively coupled to the first conductive source/drain contact structure and a first gate structure of a second transistor. In this example, the product also includes a gate contact structure that is conductively coupled to a second gate structure of a third transistor, wherein an upper surface of each of the GSD contact structure and the gate contact structure is positioned at a first level that is at a level that is above a level of an upper surface of the insulating source/drain cap.1. An integrated circuit (IC) product, comprising:
a first conductive source/drain contact structure of a first transistor; an insulating source/drain cap positioned above at least a portion of an upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure; a gate-to-source/drain (GSD) contact structure that is conductively coupled to said first conductive source/drain contact structure and a first gate structure of a second transistor; and a gate contact structure that is conductively coupled to a second gate structure of a third transistor, wherein an upper surface of each of said GSD contact structure and said gate contact structure is positioned at a first level that is at a level that is above a level of an upper surface of said insulating source/drain cap. 2. The IC product of claim 1, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts at least one of a side surface and said upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure. 3. The IC product of claim 1, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts both a side surface and said upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure. 4. The IC product of claim 1, wherein said third transistor further comprises a second conductive source/drain contact structure and wherein said IC product further comprises first and second separate conductive contact structures, said first conductive contact structure being positioned above and conductively coupled to said gate contact structure, said second conductive contact structure being positioned above and conductively coupled to said second conductive source/drain contact structure. 5. The IC product of claim 4, further comprising:
a first conductive line that is positioned vertically above at least a portion of both said GSD contact structure and said gate contact structure, wherein said first conductive line is conductively coupled to said first conductive contact structure and wherein an insulating material is positioned vertically between said first conductive line and said GSD contact structure; and a second conductive line that is positioned vertically above and conductively coupled to said second conductive contact structure. 6. The IC product of claim 1, further comprising a first sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said first gate structure of said second transistor, wherein a bottom surface of said GSD contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said first gate structure and an upper surface of said first sidewall spacer. 7. The IC product of claim 1, further comprising a first sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said first gate structure of said second transistor, wherein a bottom surface of said GSD contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said first gate structure and an upper surface of said first sidewall spacer. 8. The IC product of claim 7, further comprising:
a second sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said second gate structure of said third transistor, said first and second sidewall spacers comprising a first material; and a third sidewall spacer positioned above said second sidewall spacer, said third sidewall spacer comprising a second material that is different from said first material, wherein a first surface of said gate contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said second gate structure and a second surface of said gate contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said third sidewall spacer. 9. The IC product of claim 1, wherein said third transistor has an active region and wherein an entirety of said gate contact structure is positioned vertically above said active region of said third transistor. 10. An integrated circuit (IC) product, comprising:
a first conductive source/drain contact structure of a first transistor; an insulating source/drain cap positioned above at least a portion of an upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure; a second transistor comprising a first gate structure; a first sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said first gate structure of said second transistor; a gate-to-source/drain (GSD) contact structure that is conductively coupled to said first conductive source/drain contact structure and said first gate structure of said second transistor, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts at least one of a side surface and said upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure and wherein a bottom surface of said GSD contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said first gate structure and an upper surface of said first sidewall spacer; and a gate contact structure that is conductively coupled to a second gate structure of a third transistor, wherein an upper surface of each of said GSD contact structure and said gate contact structure is positioned at a first level that is at a level that is above a level of an upper surface of said insulating source/drain cap. 11. The IC product of claim 10, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts both said side surface and said upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure. 12. The IC product of claim 10, wherein said third transistor further comprises a second conductive source/drain contact structure and wherein said IC product further comprises first and second separate conductive contact structures, said first conductive contact structure being positioned above and conductively coupled to said gate contact structure, said second conductive contact structure being positioned above and conductively coupled to said second conductive source/drain contact structure. 13. The IC product of claim 12, further comprising:
a first conductive line that is positioned vertically above at least a portion of both said GSD contact structure and said gate contact structure, wherein said first conductive line is conductively coupled to said first conductive contact structure and wherein an insulating material is positioned vertically between said first conductive line and said GSD contact structure; and a second conductive line that is positioned vertically above and conductively coupled to said second conductive contact structure. 14. The IC product of claim 10, further comprising:
a second sidewall spacer positioned adjacent said second gate structure of said third transistor, said first and second sidewall spacers comprising a first material; and a third sidewall spacer positioned above said second sidewall spacer, said third sidewall spacer comprising a second material that is different from said first material, wherein a first surface of said gate contact structure physically contacts an upper surface of said second gate structure and a second surface of said gate contact structure physically contact an upper surface of said third sidewall spacer. 15. An integrated circuit (IC) product, comprising:
a first conductive source/drain contact structure of a first transistor; an insulating source/drain cap positioned above at least a portion of an upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure; a gate-to-source/drain (GSD) contact structure that is conductively coupled to said first conductive source/drain contact structure and a first gate structure of a second transistor, wherein an upper surface of said GSD contact structure is positioned at a first level that is at a level that is below a level of an upper surface of said insulating source/drain cap; and a gate contact structure that is conductively coupled to a second gate structure of a third transistor, wherein an upper surface of said gate contact structure is positioned at a second level that is at a level that is above said first level. 16. The IC product of claim 15, further comprising:
a layer of insulating material comprising a first insulating material, wherein at least a portion of said gate contact structure is positioned within said layer of insulating material; and an insulating cap positioned above said GSD contact structure, wherein at least a portion of said insulating cap is positioned in said layer of insulating material and wherein said insulating cap comprises a second insulating material that is different than said first insulating material. 17. The IC product of claim 16, wherein said first insulating material comprises silicon dioxide and wherein said second insulating material comprises one of silicon nitride or a low-k insulating material. 18. The IC product of claim 15, further comprising a first conductive line that is positioned vertically above at least a portion of said GSD contact structure, wherein said first conductive line is conductively coupled to said gate contact structure and wherein at least a portion of said insulating cap is positioned vertically between said first conductive line and said GSD contact structure. 19. The IC product of claim 18, wherein said first conductive line physically contacts an upper surface of said insulating cap. 20. The IC product of claim 15, wherein said GSD contact structure physically contacts at least one of a side surface and an upper surface of said first conductive source/drain contact structure. | 3,600 |
345,875 | 16,804,305 | 1,652 | In accordance with the invention, isolated nucleic acids, expression methods, host cells, expression vectors, and DNA constructs for producing proteins, and proteins produced using the expression methods are described. More particularly, nucleic acids isolated from Pichia pastoris wherein the nucleic acids have promoter activity are described. The invention also relates to expression methods, host cells, expression vectors, and DNA constructs, for using the Pichia pastoris promoters to produce proteins, and to the proteins produced using the expression methods. | 1-45. (canceled) 46. An isolated nucleic acid comprising the sequence of a constitutive Pichia pastoris promoter, wherein the isolated nucleic acid is operably linked to a heterologous coding sequence, wherein the sequence of the isolated nucleic acid comprises a sequence at least 95% identical to a fragment of SEQ ID NO:2 wherein the fragment comprises at least 222 nucleotides upstream from the 3′ end of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the fragment is a continuous fragment of SEQ ID NO:2, and wherein the fragment comprises a TATA box sequence to direct initiation of transcription. 47. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the sequence of the isolated nucleic acid is at least 98% identical to the fragment of SEQ ID NO:2. 48. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the sequence of the isolated nucleic acid is the fragment of SEQ ID NO:2. 49. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the heterologous coding sequence encodes a protein selected from the group consisting of a toxin, an antibody, a hormone, an enzyme, a growth factor, a cytokine, a structural protein, an immunogenic protein, and a cell signaling protein. 50. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the heterologous coding sequence encodes an enzyme for use in animal feed. 51. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 50 wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a mannanase, an amylase, a glucanase, a protease, a phytase, a galactosidase, a cellulase, and a xylanase. 52. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 51 wherein the protein is a phytase. 53. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 51 wherein the protein is a galactosidase. 54. An expression vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 46. 55. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 54. 56. A host cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 46. 57. The host cell of claim 56 wherein the host cell is a Pichia species. 58. The host cell of claim 57 wherein the Pichia species is Pichia pastoris. 59. A DNA construct comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 46. 60. A method of producing a protein, the method comprising the step of
culturing in a culture medium a host cell comprising a first expression cassette comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the heterologous coding sequence encodes a protein, and wherein the culturing is done under conditions permitting expression of the protein. 61. The method of claim 60 wherein the protein is selected from the group consisting of a toxin, an antibody, a hormone, an enzyme, a growth factor, a cytokine, a structural protein, an immunogenic protein, and a cell signaling protein. 62. The method of claim 60 wherein the protein is an enzyme for use in animal feed. 63. The method of claim 62 wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a mannanase, an amylase, a glucanase, a protease, a phytase, a galactosidase, a cellulase, and a xylanase. 64. The method of claim 63 wherein the enzyme is a phytase. 65. The method of claim 63 wherein the enzyme is a galactosidase. | In accordance with the invention, isolated nucleic acids, expression methods, host cells, expression vectors, and DNA constructs for producing proteins, and proteins produced using the expression methods are described. More particularly, nucleic acids isolated from Pichia pastoris wherein the nucleic acids have promoter activity are described. The invention also relates to expression methods, host cells, expression vectors, and DNA constructs, for using the Pichia pastoris promoters to produce proteins, and to the proteins produced using the expression methods.1-45. (canceled) 46. An isolated nucleic acid comprising the sequence of a constitutive Pichia pastoris promoter, wherein the isolated nucleic acid is operably linked to a heterologous coding sequence, wherein the sequence of the isolated nucleic acid comprises a sequence at least 95% identical to a fragment of SEQ ID NO:2 wherein the fragment comprises at least 222 nucleotides upstream from the 3′ end of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the fragment is a continuous fragment of SEQ ID NO:2, and wherein the fragment comprises a TATA box sequence to direct initiation of transcription. 47. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the sequence of the isolated nucleic acid is at least 98% identical to the fragment of SEQ ID NO:2. 48. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the sequence of the isolated nucleic acid is the fragment of SEQ ID NO:2. 49. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the heterologous coding sequence encodes a protein selected from the group consisting of a toxin, an antibody, a hormone, an enzyme, a growth factor, a cytokine, a structural protein, an immunogenic protein, and a cell signaling protein. 50. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the heterologous coding sequence encodes an enzyme for use in animal feed. 51. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 50 wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a mannanase, an amylase, a glucanase, a protease, a phytase, a galactosidase, a cellulase, and a xylanase. 52. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 51 wherein the protein is a phytase. 53. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 51 wherein the protein is a galactosidase. 54. An expression vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 46. 55. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 54. 56. A host cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 46. 57. The host cell of claim 56 wherein the host cell is a Pichia species. 58. The host cell of claim 57 wherein the Pichia species is Pichia pastoris. 59. A DNA construct comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 46. 60. A method of producing a protein, the method comprising the step of
culturing in a culture medium a host cell comprising a first expression cassette comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 46 wherein the heterologous coding sequence encodes a protein, and wherein the culturing is done under conditions permitting expression of the protein. 61. The method of claim 60 wherein the protein is selected from the group consisting of a toxin, an antibody, a hormone, an enzyme, a growth factor, a cytokine, a structural protein, an immunogenic protein, and a cell signaling protein. 62. The method of claim 60 wherein the protein is an enzyme for use in animal feed. 63. The method of claim 62 wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a mannanase, an amylase, a glucanase, a protease, a phytase, a galactosidase, a cellulase, and a xylanase. 64. The method of claim 63 wherein the enzyme is a phytase. 65. The method of claim 63 wherein the enzyme is a galactosidase. | 1,600 |
345,876 | 16,804,316 | 1,652 | Technology for an antenna is disclosed. The antenna can include a center feed line and a plurality of antenna elements carried by the center feed line. An antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements can have a selected length and a selected width with a first end of the antenna element carried by the center feed line and a second end of the antenna element can be disposed distally from the center feed line. Two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements can each include a protrusion with a stepped width over a selected length. The protrusion can be located proximate to the second end of the antenna element, and the protrusion can have a width that is greater than the selected width of the antenna element. | 1. A wire antenna, comprising:
a center feed line that includes a top center feed line and a bottom center feed line; a plurality of antenna elements carried by the center feed line, wherein an antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements has a selected length and a selected width with a first end of the antenna element carried by the top center feed line and a second end of the antenna element is disposed distally from the bottom center feed line, wherein two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include a protrusion with a stepped width, over a selected length, the protrusion located proximate to the second end of the antenna element, the protrusion having the stepped width that is greater than the selected width of the antenna element; and a reflector carried by the center feed line and located adjacent to an antenna element having a greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion enables the wire antenna to operate at a desired frequency range while reducing an area of the wire antenna. 2. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the wire antenna is used for one of: a mobile device, a base station, a stadium, a vehicle or a building. 3. The wire antenna of claim 1, further comprising a radome configured to enclose the wire antenna. 4. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of antenna elements extend orthogonally from the center feed line. 5. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the top center feed line and the bottom center feed line are placed in parallel to have an alternating phase, and each antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements is connected to the top center feed line and the bottom center feed line. 6. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of antenna elements extend from the center feed line at a selected angle relative to the center feed line. 7. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a stepped width with an approximately 90-degree step to form an L-shaped antenna element. 8. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a tapered stepped width to form an L-shaped antenna element. 9. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a stepped width with an increase in width, over a predetermined length, from the selected width of the antenna element to the stepped width of the protrusion, at a selected angle that is greater than 45 degrees, wherein the selected angle is determined from an antenna impedance. 10. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna element and the protrusion are formed from a unitary piece of material. 11. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion is a second piece of material attached proximate to the second end of the antenna element. 12. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements include a first antenna element that is connected to the top center feed line and a second antenna element that is connected to the bottom center feed line. 13. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements includes a first antenna element that is offset from a second antenna element at the center feed line by a selected distance. 14. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the wire antenna is configured to be communicatively coupled to a repeater. 15. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the reflector has a width equal to or greater than a combined width of two or more antenna elements having the greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements. 16. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a width and a length that is selected to provide a predetermined impedance for the antenna element having the protrusion that is configured to operate at a selected frequency range. 17. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion is configured to provide additional current paths in each of the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion, wherein the additional current paths operate to increase a defined operating frequency of the two or more antenna elements. 18. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the wire antenna is one of: a dipole antenna, a log periodic antenna, a monopole antenna, or a yagi-uda antenna. 19. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the frequency range is associated with a low frequency range between 600 megahertz (MHz) and 960 MHz. 20. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the frequency range is associated with a high frequency range between 1700 megahertz (MHz) and 2700 MHz. 21. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include the protrusion with the stepped width to reduce a volume of the dipole antenna. 22. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include the protrusion with the stepped width to provide a broader bandwidth and reduce a number of antenna elements to cover operating frequencies of the wire antenna. 23. A repeater system, comprising:
one or more amplification and filtering signal paths; and a wire antenna configured to be communicatively coupled to the one or more amplification and filtering signal paths, the wire antenna comprising: a center feed line that includes a top center feed line and a bottom center feed line; and a plurality of antenna elements carried by the center feed line, wherein a wire element in the plurality of antenna elements has a selected length and a selected width with a first end of the antenna element carried by the top center feed line and a second end of the antenna element is disposed distally from the bottom center feed line, wherein two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include a protrusion with a stepped width, over a selected length, the protrusion located proximate to the second end of the antenna element, the protrusion having the stepped width that is greater than the selected width of the antenna element. 24. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion enables the wire antenna to operate at a frequency range while reducing an area of the wire antenna. 25. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the wire antenna further comprises a reflector carried by the center feed line and located adjacent to an antenna element having a greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the reflector has a width equal to or greater than a combined width of two or more antenna elements having the greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements. 26. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the plurality of antenna elements extend orthogonally from the center feed line. 27. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the antenna element and the protrusion are formed from a unitary piece of material. 28. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the protrusion is a second piece of material attached proximate to the second end of the antenna element. 29. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the protrusion has a width and a length that is selected to provide a predetermined impedance for the antenna element having the protrusion that is configured to operate at a selected frequency range. 30. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the protrusion is configured to provide additional current paths in each of the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion, wherein the additional current paths operate to increase a defined operating frequency of the two or more antenna elements. 31. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the wire antenna is a log periodic antenna or a dipole antenna. 32. An antenna, comprising:
a center feed line that includes a top center feed line and a bottom center feed line; a plurality of antenna elements carried by the center feed line, wherein an antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements has a selected length and a selected width with a first end of the antenna element carried by the top center feed line and a second end of the antenna element is disposed distally from the bottom center feed line, wherein two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include a protrusion with a stepped width, over a selected length, the protrusion located proximate to the second end of the antenna element, the protrusion having the stepped width that is greater than the selected width of the antenna element; and a reflector carried by the center feed line and located adjacent to an antenna element having a greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion enables the antenna to operate at a frequency range while reducing an area of the antenna. 33. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the antenna is one of: a log periodic antenna, a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, or a yagi-uda antenna. 34. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the plurality of antenna elements extends orthogonally from the center feed line. 35. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the protrusion has a stepped width with an approximately 90-degree step to form an L-shaped antenna element. 36. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the antenna is configured to be communicatively coupled to a signal booster. 37. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the protrusion is configured to provide additional current paths in each of the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion, wherein the additional current paths operate to increase a defined operating frequency of the two or more antenna elements. | Technology for an antenna is disclosed. The antenna can include a center feed line and a plurality of antenna elements carried by the center feed line. An antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements can have a selected length and a selected width with a first end of the antenna element carried by the center feed line and a second end of the antenna element can be disposed distally from the center feed line. Two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements can each include a protrusion with a stepped width over a selected length. The protrusion can be located proximate to the second end of the antenna element, and the protrusion can have a width that is greater than the selected width of the antenna element.1. A wire antenna, comprising:
a center feed line that includes a top center feed line and a bottom center feed line; a plurality of antenna elements carried by the center feed line, wherein an antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements has a selected length and a selected width with a first end of the antenna element carried by the top center feed line and a second end of the antenna element is disposed distally from the bottom center feed line, wherein two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include a protrusion with a stepped width, over a selected length, the protrusion located proximate to the second end of the antenna element, the protrusion having the stepped width that is greater than the selected width of the antenna element; and a reflector carried by the center feed line and located adjacent to an antenna element having a greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion enables the wire antenna to operate at a desired frequency range while reducing an area of the wire antenna. 2. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the wire antenna is used for one of: a mobile device, a base station, a stadium, a vehicle or a building. 3. The wire antenna of claim 1, further comprising a radome configured to enclose the wire antenna. 4. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of antenna elements extend orthogonally from the center feed line. 5. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the top center feed line and the bottom center feed line are placed in parallel to have an alternating phase, and each antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements is connected to the top center feed line and the bottom center feed line. 6. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of antenna elements extend from the center feed line at a selected angle relative to the center feed line. 7. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a stepped width with an approximately 90-degree step to form an L-shaped antenna element. 8. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a tapered stepped width to form an L-shaped antenna element. 9. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a stepped width with an increase in width, over a predetermined length, from the selected width of the antenna element to the stepped width of the protrusion, at a selected angle that is greater than 45 degrees, wherein the selected angle is determined from an antenna impedance. 10. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna element and the protrusion are formed from a unitary piece of material. 11. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion is a second piece of material attached proximate to the second end of the antenna element. 12. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements include a first antenna element that is connected to the top center feed line and a second antenna element that is connected to the bottom center feed line. 13. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements includes a first antenna element that is offset from a second antenna element at the center feed line by a selected distance. 14. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the wire antenna is configured to be communicatively coupled to a repeater. 15. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the reflector has a width equal to or greater than a combined width of two or more antenna elements having the greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements. 16. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a width and a length that is selected to provide a predetermined impedance for the antenna element having the protrusion that is configured to operate at a selected frequency range. 17. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the protrusion is configured to provide additional current paths in each of the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion, wherein the additional current paths operate to increase a defined operating frequency of the two or more antenna elements. 18. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the wire antenna is one of: a dipole antenna, a log periodic antenna, a monopole antenna, or a yagi-uda antenna. 19. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the frequency range is associated with a low frequency range between 600 megahertz (MHz) and 960 MHz. 20. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the frequency range is associated with a high frequency range between 1700 megahertz (MHz) and 2700 MHz. 21. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include the protrusion with the stepped width to reduce a volume of the dipole antenna. 22. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include the protrusion with the stepped width to provide a broader bandwidth and reduce a number of antenna elements to cover operating frequencies of the wire antenna. 23. A repeater system, comprising:
one or more amplification and filtering signal paths; and a wire antenna configured to be communicatively coupled to the one or more amplification and filtering signal paths, the wire antenna comprising: a center feed line that includes a top center feed line and a bottom center feed line; and a plurality of antenna elements carried by the center feed line, wherein a wire element in the plurality of antenna elements has a selected length and a selected width with a first end of the antenna element carried by the top center feed line and a second end of the antenna element is disposed distally from the bottom center feed line, wherein two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include a protrusion with a stepped width, over a selected length, the protrusion located proximate to the second end of the antenna element, the protrusion having the stepped width that is greater than the selected width of the antenna element. 24. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion enables the wire antenna to operate at a frequency range while reducing an area of the wire antenna. 25. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the wire antenna further comprises a reflector carried by the center feed line and located adjacent to an antenna element having a greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the reflector has a width equal to or greater than a combined width of two or more antenna elements having the greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements. 26. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the plurality of antenna elements extend orthogonally from the center feed line. 27. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the antenna element and the protrusion are formed from a unitary piece of material. 28. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the protrusion is a second piece of material attached proximate to the second end of the antenna element. 29. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the protrusion has a width and a length that is selected to provide a predetermined impedance for the antenna element having the protrusion that is configured to operate at a selected frequency range. 30. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the protrusion is configured to provide additional current paths in each of the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion, wherein the additional current paths operate to increase a defined operating frequency of the two or more antenna elements. 31. The repeater system of claim 23, wherein the wire antenna is a log periodic antenna or a dipole antenna. 32. An antenna, comprising:
a center feed line that includes a top center feed line and a bottom center feed line; a plurality of antenna elements carried by the center feed line, wherein an antenna element in the plurality of antenna elements has a selected length and a selected width with a first end of the antenna element carried by the top center feed line and a second end of the antenna element is disposed distally from the bottom center feed line, wherein two or more antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements each include a protrusion with a stepped width, over a selected length, the protrusion located proximate to the second end of the antenna element, the protrusion having the stepped width that is greater than the selected width of the antenna element; and a reflector carried by the center feed line and located adjacent to an antenna element having a greatest selected length of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion enables the antenna to operate at a frequency range while reducing an area of the antenna. 33. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the antenna is one of: a log periodic antenna, a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, or a yagi-uda antenna. 34. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the plurality of antenna elements extends orthogonally from the center feed line. 35. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the protrusion has a stepped width with an approximately 90-degree step to form an L-shaped antenna element. 36. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the antenna is configured to be communicatively coupled to a signal booster. 37. The antenna of claim 32, wherein the protrusion is configured to provide additional current paths in each of the two or more antenna elements having the protrusion, wherein the additional current paths operate to increase a defined operating frequency of the two or more antenna elements. | 1,600 |
345,877 | 16,804,268 | 1,652 | According to one embodiment, provided is a lithium zinc secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a zinc-including metal body and an oxide on at least a part of a surface of the metal body. The aqueous electrolyte includes zinc and a lithium salt. Zinc is dissolved and deposited at the negative electrode. Lithium is inserted and extracted from the oxide in a range of −1.4 V (vs. SCE) or more and −1.0 V (vs. SCE) or less. A specific surface area of the oxide is 10 m2/g or more and 350 m2/g or less. A mol concentration ratio Zn/Li between zinc and lithium in the aqueous electrolyte is 1.0×10−5 or more and 0.3 or less. | 1. A lithium zinc secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode comprising a zinc-including metal body and an oxide on at least a part of a surface of the zinc-including metal body; an aqueous electrolyte comprising zinc and a lithium salt; and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the zinc being dissolved and deposited at the negative electrode, lithium being inserted and extracted from the oxide in a potential range of −1.4 V (vs. SCE) or more and −1.0 V (vs. SCE) or less, a specific surface area of the oxide being from 10 m2/g or more and 350 m2/g or less, and a mol concentration ratio Zn/Li between the zinc and the lithium in the aqueous electrolyte being from 1.0×10−5 or more and 0.3 or less. 2. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the zinc is present on at least a part of a surface of the oxide. 3. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the oxide comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide and a tungsten oxide. 4. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein an average primary particle diameter of the oxide is from 0.01 μm or more and 0.1 μm or less. 5. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a crystallite size of the oxide is from 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less. 6. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the mol concentration ratio Zn/Li between the zinc and the lithium in the aqueous electrolyte is from 1.0×10−4 or more and 0.1 or less. 7. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the separator comprises a solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity. 8. A battery pack comprising the lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1. 9. The battery pack according to claim 8, further comprising an external power distribution terminal and a protective circuit. 10. The battery pack according to claim 8, further comprising plural of the lithium zinc secondary battery,
wherein the lithium zinc secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of in series connection and in parallel connection. 11. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 8. 12. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the battery pack is configured to recover a regenerative energy of motive force of the vehicle. 13. The vehicle according to claim 11, which comprises a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. 14. A stationary power supply comprising the battery pack according to claim 8. | According to one embodiment, provided is a lithium zinc secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an aqueous electrolyte, and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a zinc-including metal body and an oxide on at least a part of a surface of the metal body. The aqueous electrolyte includes zinc and a lithium salt. Zinc is dissolved and deposited at the negative electrode. Lithium is inserted and extracted from the oxide in a range of −1.4 V (vs. SCE) or more and −1.0 V (vs. SCE) or less. A specific surface area of the oxide is 10 m2/g or more and 350 m2/g or less. A mol concentration ratio Zn/Li between zinc and lithium in the aqueous electrolyte is 1.0×10−5 or more and 0.3 or less.1. A lithium zinc secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode comprising a zinc-including metal body and an oxide on at least a part of a surface of the zinc-including metal body; an aqueous electrolyte comprising zinc and a lithium salt; and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the zinc being dissolved and deposited at the negative electrode, lithium being inserted and extracted from the oxide in a potential range of −1.4 V (vs. SCE) or more and −1.0 V (vs. SCE) or less, a specific surface area of the oxide being from 10 m2/g or more and 350 m2/g or less, and a mol concentration ratio Zn/Li between the zinc and the lithium in the aqueous electrolyte being from 1.0×10−5 or more and 0.3 or less. 2. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the zinc is present on at least a part of a surface of the oxide. 3. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the oxide comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide and a tungsten oxide. 4. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein an average primary particle diameter of the oxide is from 0.01 μm or more and 0.1 μm or less. 5. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a crystallite size of the oxide is from 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less. 6. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the mol concentration ratio Zn/Li between the zinc and the lithium in the aqueous electrolyte is from 1.0×10−4 or more and 0.1 or less. 7. The lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the separator comprises a solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity. 8. A battery pack comprising the lithium zinc secondary battery according to claim 1. 9. The battery pack according to claim 8, further comprising an external power distribution terminal and a protective circuit. 10. The battery pack according to claim 8, further comprising plural of the lithium zinc secondary battery,
wherein the lithium zinc secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of in series connection and in parallel connection. 11. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 8. 12. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the battery pack is configured to recover a regenerative energy of motive force of the vehicle. 13. The vehicle according to claim 11, which comprises a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. 14. A stationary power supply comprising the battery pack according to claim 8. | 1,600 |
345,878 | 16,804,304 | 1,652 | An aerodynamic body includes an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface includes a first portion of a first axisymmetric body. The lower surface is mated with the upper surface. The lower surface includes a waverider shape. The waverider shape is derived from the shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. | 1. An aerodynamic body comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 2. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 3-5. (canceled) 6. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are the same. 7. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are different. 8-17. (canceled) 18. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 19. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 20. The aerodynamic body of claim 19, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 21. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are different. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are the same. 25. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, further comprising a leading edge, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface emanate from the leading edge and extend in an aft direction along a longitudinal axis of the aerodynamic body. 26. The aerodynamic body of claim 25, wherein the leading edge is formed by a waverider-leading edge of the waverider shape. 27-29. (canceled) 30. An aerospace vehicle comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 31. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerospace vehicle at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerospace vehicle. 32-46. (canceled) 47. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 48. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 49. The aerospace vehicle of claim 48, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 50-57. (canceled) 58. A method of making an aerodynamic body, the method comprising:
forming an upper surface of the aerodynamic body, the upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; forming a lower surface of the aerodynamic body, the lower surface comprising a waverider shape derived from shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body; and mating the upper surface and the lower surface. 59. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 58, further comprising:
selecting the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 61-65. (canceled) 66. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be an ogive. 67. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be a power series shape. 68-71. (canceled) | An aerodynamic body includes an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface includes a first portion of a first axisymmetric body. The lower surface is mated with the upper surface. The lower surface includes a waverider shape. The waverider shape is derived from the shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body.1. An aerodynamic body comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 2. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 3-5. (canceled) 6. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are the same. 7. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are different. 8-17. (canceled) 18. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 19. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 20. The aerodynamic body of claim 19, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 21. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are different. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are the same. 25. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, further comprising a leading edge, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface emanate from the leading edge and extend in an aft direction along a longitudinal axis of the aerodynamic body. 26. The aerodynamic body of claim 25, wherein the leading edge is formed by a waverider-leading edge of the waverider shape. 27-29. (canceled) 30. An aerospace vehicle comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 31. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerospace vehicle at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerospace vehicle. 32-46. (canceled) 47. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 48. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 49. The aerospace vehicle of claim 48, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 50-57. (canceled) 58. A method of making an aerodynamic body, the method comprising:
forming an upper surface of the aerodynamic body, the upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; forming a lower surface of the aerodynamic body, the lower surface comprising a waverider shape derived from shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body; and mating the upper surface and the lower surface. 59. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 58, further comprising:
selecting the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 61-65. (canceled) 66. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be an ogive. 67. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be a power series shape. 68-71. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,879 | 16,804,281 | 1,652 | An aerodynamic body includes an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface includes a first portion of a first axisymmetric body. The lower surface is mated with the upper surface. The lower surface includes a waverider shape. The waverider shape is derived from the shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. | 1. An aerodynamic body comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 2. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 3-5. (canceled) 6. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are the same. 7. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are different. 8-17. (canceled) 18. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 19. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 20. The aerodynamic body of claim 19, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 21. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are different. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are the same. 25. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, further comprising a leading edge, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface emanate from the leading edge and extend in an aft direction along a longitudinal axis of the aerodynamic body. 26. The aerodynamic body of claim 25, wherein the leading edge is formed by a waverider-leading edge of the waverider shape. 27-29. (canceled) 30. An aerospace vehicle comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 31. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerospace vehicle at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerospace vehicle. 32-46. (canceled) 47. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 48. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 49. The aerospace vehicle of claim 48, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 50-57. (canceled) 58. A method of making an aerodynamic body, the method comprising:
forming an upper surface of the aerodynamic body, the upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; forming a lower surface of the aerodynamic body, the lower surface comprising a waverider shape derived from shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body; and mating the upper surface and the lower surface. 59. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 58, further comprising:
selecting the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 61-65. (canceled) 66. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be an ogive. 67. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be a power series shape. 68-71. (canceled) | An aerodynamic body includes an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface includes a first portion of a first axisymmetric body. The lower surface is mated with the upper surface. The lower surface includes a waverider shape. The waverider shape is derived from the shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body.1. An aerodynamic body comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 2. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 3-5. (canceled) 6. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are the same. 7. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are different. 8-17. (canceled) 18. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 19. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 20. The aerodynamic body of claim 19, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 21. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are different. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are the same. 25. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, further comprising a leading edge, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface emanate from the leading edge and extend in an aft direction along a longitudinal axis of the aerodynamic body. 26. The aerodynamic body of claim 25, wherein the leading edge is formed by a waverider-leading edge of the waverider shape. 27-29. (canceled) 30. An aerospace vehicle comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 31. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerospace vehicle at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerospace vehicle. 32-46. (canceled) 47. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 48. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 49. The aerospace vehicle of claim 48, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 50-57. (canceled) 58. A method of making an aerodynamic body, the method comprising:
forming an upper surface of the aerodynamic body, the upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; forming a lower surface of the aerodynamic body, the lower surface comprising a waverider shape derived from shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body; and mating the upper surface and the lower surface. 59. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 58, further comprising:
selecting the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 61-65. (canceled) 66. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be an ogive. 67. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be a power series shape. 68-71. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,880 | 16,804,270 | 1,652 | An aerodynamic body includes an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface includes a first portion of a first axisymmetric body. The lower surface is mated with the upper surface. The lower surface includes a waverider shape. The waverider shape is derived from the shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. | 1. An aerodynamic body comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 2. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 3-5. (canceled) 6. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are the same. 7. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are different. 8-17. (canceled) 18. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 19. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 20. The aerodynamic body of claim 19, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 21. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are different. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are the same. 25. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, further comprising a leading edge, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface emanate from the leading edge and extend in an aft direction along a longitudinal axis of the aerodynamic body. 26. The aerodynamic body of claim 25, wherein the leading edge is formed by a waverider-leading edge of the waverider shape. 27-29. (canceled) 30. An aerospace vehicle comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 31. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerospace vehicle at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerospace vehicle. 32-46. (canceled) 47. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 48. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 49. The aerospace vehicle of claim 48, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 50-57. (canceled) 58. A method of making an aerodynamic body, the method comprising:
forming an upper surface of the aerodynamic body, the upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; forming a lower surface of the aerodynamic body, the lower surface comprising a waverider shape derived from shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body; and mating the upper surface and the lower surface. 59. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 58, further comprising:
selecting the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 61-65. (canceled) 66. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be an ogive. 67. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be a power series shape. 68-71. (canceled) | An aerodynamic body includes an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface includes a first portion of a first axisymmetric body. The lower surface is mated with the upper surface. The lower surface includes a waverider shape. The waverider shape is derived from the shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body.1. An aerodynamic body comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 2. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 3-5. (canceled) 6. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are the same. 7. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are different. 8-17. (canceled) 18. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 19. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 20. The aerodynamic body of claim 19, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 21. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are different. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The aerodynamic body of claim 20, wherein the first power-series exponent and the second power-series exponent are the same. 25. The aerodynamic body of claim 1, further comprising a leading edge, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface emanate from the leading edge and extend in an aft direction along a longitudinal axis of the aerodynamic body. 26. The aerodynamic body of claim 25, wherein the leading edge is formed by a waverider-leading edge of the waverider shape. 27-29. (canceled) 30. An aerospace vehicle comprising:
an upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; and a lower surface mated with the upper surface and comprising a waverider shape, wherein the waverider shape is derived from a shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body. 31. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body are concurrently selected to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerospace vehicle at greater than supersonic speed and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerospace vehicle. 32-46. (canceled) 47. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is an ogive. 48. The aerospace vehicle of claim 30, wherein each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body is a power series shape. 49. The aerospace vehicle of claim 48, wherein:
the first axisymmetric body comprises a first power-series exponent; and the second axisymmetric body comprises a second power-series exponent. 50-57. (canceled) 58. A method of making an aerodynamic body, the method comprising:
forming an upper surface of the aerodynamic body, the upper surface comprising a first axisymmetric body; forming a lower surface of the aerodynamic body, the lower surface comprising a waverider shape derived from shockwave generated by a second axisymmetric body; and mating the upper surface and the lower surface. 59. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 58, further comprising:
selecting the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to optimize a lift-to-drag ratio of the aerodynamic body and to optimize a volumetric efficiency of the aerodynamic body. 61-65. (canceled) 66. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be an ogive. 67. The method of claim 58, further comprising selecting each one of the first axisymmetric body and the second axisymmetric body to be a power series shape. 68-71. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,881 | 16,804,300 | 1,715 | Disclosed is a manufacturing method of a graphene electrode, in which a carbon source that is patterned is formed on a metal substrate with photoresist, or as metal layer which is patterned is formed on the carbon source. The metal substrate or metal layer after heating is used to catalyze the carbon source in direct contact therewith into graphene, and thus to form the graphene which is patterned to be used as a graphene electrode which is patterned in a display device. Apparently, the manufacturing method of the graphene electrode according to the present invention can simplify the manufacturing process and can reduce the difficulty of patterning the graphene electrode and the processing cost. | 1. A manufacturing method of a graphene electrode, comprising steps of:
providing a substrate, and forming a carbon source on the substrate; forming a photoresist layer on the carbon source; providing a mask, and exposing the photoresist layer with the mask; developing the photoresist layer after exposure to form the photoresist layer which is patterned on the carbon source; forming a metal layer on the substrate, which is covered with the carbon source and the photoresist layer which is patterned in order, and a portion of the metal layer covering on the photoresist layer which is patterned, and the other portion directly covering on the carbon source not covered by the photoresist layer which is patterned; stripping the photoresist layer which is patterned and the metal layer covering on the photoresist layer which is patterned from the carbon source, and the metal layer directly covering on the carbon source forming the metal layer which is patterned; heating the metal layer which is patterned under an inactive gas protection to catalyze the carbon source in direct contact with the metal layer which is patterned to form the graphene which is patterned on the substrate; removing the metal layer which is patterned, and retaining the graphene which is patterned on the substrate to form the graphene electrode which is patterned. 2. The manufacturing method of the graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein a pattern of the mask is matched with a pattern required for correspondingly manufacturing the graphene electrode; the target substrate is a flexible substrate manufactured by polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide. 3. The manufacturing method of the graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises at least one of: amorphous carbon, polymethylmethacrylate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, flake graphite powder, C60 and graphite-like; a method of forming the carbon source on the metal substrate covered with the photoresist layer which is patterned comprises at least one of: magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, direct coating of graphite powder and coating of carbon atoms containing solution. 4. The manufacturing method of the graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein a method of forming the metal layer on the substrate covered with the photoresist layer which is patterned comprises at least one of: vapor deposition, evaporation and magnetron sputtering coating; a material of the metal layer comprises at least one of: platinum, ruthenium, iridium, copper and nickel. | Disclosed is a manufacturing method of a graphene electrode, in which a carbon source that is patterned is formed on a metal substrate with photoresist, or as metal layer which is patterned is formed on the carbon source. The metal substrate or metal layer after heating is used to catalyze the carbon source in direct contact therewith into graphene, and thus to form the graphene which is patterned to be used as a graphene electrode which is patterned in a display device. Apparently, the manufacturing method of the graphene electrode according to the present invention can simplify the manufacturing process and can reduce the difficulty of patterning the graphene electrode and the processing cost.1. A manufacturing method of a graphene electrode, comprising steps of:
providing a substrate, and forming a carbon source on the substrate; forming a photoresist layer on the carbon source; providing a mask, and exposing the photoresist layer with the mask; developing the photoresist layer after exposure to form the photoresist layer which is patterned on the carbon source; forming a metal layer on the substrate, which is covered with the carbon source and the photoresist layer which is patterned in order, and a portion of the metal layer covering on the photoresist layer which is patterned, and the other portion directly covering on the carbon source not covered by the photoresist layer which is patterned; stripping the photoresist layer which is patterned and the metal layer covering on the photoresist layer which is patterned from the carbon source, and the metal layer directly covering on the carbon source forming the metal layer which is patterned; heating the metal layer which is patterned under an inactive gas protection to catalyze the carbon source in direct contact with the metal layer which is patterned to form the graphene which is patterned on the substrate; removing the metal layer which is patterned, and retaining the graphene which is patterned on the substrate to form the graphene electrode which is patterned. 2. The manufacturing method of the graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein a pattern of the mask is matched with a pattern required for correspondingly manufacturing the graphene electrode; the target substrate is a flexible substrate manufactured by polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide. 3. The manufacturing method of the graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises at least one of: amorphous carbon, polymethylmethacrylate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, flake graphite powder, C60 and graphite-like; a method of forming the carbon source on the metal substrate covered with the photoresist layer which is patterned comprises at least one of: magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, direct coating of graphite powder and coating of carbon atoms containing solution. 4. The manufacturing method of the graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein a method of forming the metal layer on the substrate covered with the photoresist layer which is patterned comprises at least one of: vapor deposition, evaporation and magnetron sputtering coating; a material of the metal layer comprises at least one of: platinum, ruthenium, iridium, copper and nickel. | 1,700 |
345,882 | 16,804,310 | 1,715 | A parcel cart for transporting parcels comprises a substructure, with a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure. The frame defines an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport. The frame also includes: a base; a first end wall; a second end wall; a first side wall; and a second side wall. To facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart, the frame can include at least one end wall configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position. To facilitate autonomous transport of the parcel cart, the substructure and the frame can define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. To avoid occlusion of the field of view of one or more cameras associated with the mobile robot, the frame can include at least one end wall that is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. | 1. A parcel cart, comprising:
a substructure; a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure, the frame defining an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport, and the frame including
a base,
a first end wall extending upwardly from the base, and
a second end wall extending upwardly from the base, the second end wall being configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position to facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart,
a first side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall, and
a second side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall. 2. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein the substructure and the frame collectively define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. 3. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein the frame is characterized as including a basket portion and a gate that is mounted for rotation with respect to the basket portion about a substantially horizontal axis, the gate at least partially defining the second end wall, such that the gate can rotate about the substantially horizontal axis to transition the second end wall between the upright position and the lowered position. 4. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein an upper surface of the gate includes a roller deck. 5. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the gate is mounted to the basket portion, such that the gate can be moved in a radial direction relative to the substantially horizontal axis. 6. The parcel cart as recited in claim 5, wherein the gate includes a proximal end defining an elongated slot configured to receive a pin, which defines the substantially horizontal axis about which the gate rotates. 7. The parcel cart as recited in claim 5, wherein the gate includes a locking arm, and wherein the basket portion defines a slot configured to receive the locking arm to maintain the second end wall in the upright position. 8. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the first side wall is comprised of a first netting removably connected to the first end wall and the second end wall. 9. The parcel cart as recited in claim 8, wherein the second side wall is comprised of a second netting removably connected to the first end wall and the second end wall. 10. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the basket portion includes a plate positioned below the gate and configured to limit rotation of the gate about the substantially horizontal axis. 11. The parcel cart as recited in claim 10, wherein the plate is configured to limit rotation of the gate about the substantially horizontal axis, such that, when the second end wall is in the lowered position, the gate is in a substantially horizontal orientation 12. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first end wall and the second end wall is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 13. A parcel cart, comprising:
a substructure; a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure, the frame defining an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport, and the frame including
a base,
a first end wall extending upwardly from the base, and
a second end wall extending upwardly from the base,
a first side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall, and
a second side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall,
wherein at least one of the first end wall and the second end wall is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 14. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the substructure and the frame collectively define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. 15. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the first end wall and the second end wall are each in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 16. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the second end wall is configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position to facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart. 17. The parcel cart as recited in claim 16, wherein the frame is characterized as including a basket portion and a gate that is mounted for rotation with respect to the basket portion about a substantially horizontal axis, the gate at least partially defining the second end wall, such that the gate can rotate about the substantially horizontal axis to transition the second end wall between the upright position and the lowered position. 18. The parcel cart as recited in claim 17, wherein the gate is mounted to the basket portion, such that the gate can be moved in a radial direction relative to the substantially horizontal axis. 19. The parcel cart as recited in claim 17, wherein an upper surface of the gate includes a roller deck. | A parcel cart for transporting parcels comprises a substructure, with a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure. The frame defines an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport. The frame also includes: a base; a first end wall; a second end wall; a first side wall; and a second side wall. To facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart, the frame can include at least one end wall configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position. To facilitate autonomous transport of the parcel cart, the substructure and the frame can define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. To avoid occlusion of the field of view of one or more cameras associated with the mobile robot, the frame can include at least one end wall that is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base.1. A parcel cart, comprising:
a substructure; a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure, the frame defining an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport, and the frame including
a base,
a first end wall extending upwardly from the base, and
a second end wall extending upwardly from the base, the second end wall being configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position to facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart,
a first side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall, and
a second side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall. 2. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein the substructure and the frame collectively define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. 3. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein the frame is characterized as including a basket portion and a gate that is mounted for rotation with respect to the basket portion about a substantially horizontal axis, the gate at least partially defining the second end wall, such that the gate can rotate about the substantially horizontal axis to transition the second end wall between the upright position and the lowered position. 4. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein an upper surface of the gate includes a roller deck. 5. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the gate is mounted to the basket portion, such that the gate can be moved in a radial direction relative to the substantially horizontal axis. 6. The parcel cart as recited in claim 5, wherein the gate includes a proximal end defining an elongated slot configured to receive a pin, which defines the substantially horizontal axis about which the gate rotates. 7. The parcel cart as recited in claim 5, wherein the gate includes a locking arm, and wherein the basket portion defines a slot configured to receive the locking arm to maintain the second end wall in the upright position. 8. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the first side wall is comprised of a first netting removably connected to the first end wall and the second end wall. 9. The parcel cart as recited in claim 8, wherein the second side wall is comprised of a second netting removably connected to the first end wall and the second end wall. 10. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the basket portion includes a plate positioned below the gate and configured to limit rotation of the gate about the substantially horizontal axis. 11. The parcel cart as recited in claim 10, wherein the plate is configured to limit rotation of the gate about the substantially horizontal axis, such that, when the second end wall is in the lowered position, the gate is in a substantially horizontal orientation 12. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first end wall and the second end wall is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 13. A parcel cart, comprising:
a substructure; a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure, the frame defining an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport, and the frame including
a base,
a first end wall extending upwardly from the base, and
a second end wall extending upwardly from the base,
a first side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall, and
a second side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall,
wherein at least one of the first end wall and the second end wall is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 14. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the substructure and the frame collectively define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. 15. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the first end wall and the second end wall are each in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 16. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the second end wall is configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position to facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart. 17. The parcel cart as recited in claim 16, wherein the frame is characterized as including a basket portion and a gate that is mounted for rotation with respect to the basket portion about a substantially horizontal axis, the gate at least partially defining the second end wall, such that the gate can rotate about the substantially horizontal axis to transition the second end wall between the upright position and the lowered position. 18. The parcel cart as recited in claim 17, wherein the gate is mounted to the basket portion, such that the gate can be moved in a radial direction relative to the substantially horizontal axis. 19. The parcel cart as recited in claim 17, wherein an upper surface of the gate includes a roller deck. | 1,700 |
345,883 | 16,804,275 | 1,715 | A parcel cart for transporting parcels comprises a substructure, with a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure. The frame defines an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport. The frame also includes: a base; a first end wall; a second end wall; a first side wall; and a second side wall. To facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart, the frame can include at least one end wall configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position. To facilitate autonomous transport of the parcel cart, the substructure and the frame can define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. To avoid occlusion of the field of view of one or more cameras associated with the mobile robot, the frame can include at least one end wall that is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. | 1. A parcel cart, comprising:
a substructure; a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure, the frame defining an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport, and the frame including
a base,
a first end wall extending upwardly from the base, and
a second end wall extending upwardly from the base, the second end wall being configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position to facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart,
a first side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall, and
a second side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall. 2. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein the substructure and the frame collectively define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. 3. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein the frame is characterized as including a basket portion and a gate that is mounted for rotation with respect to the basket portion about a substantially horizontal axis, the gate at least partially defining the second end wall, such that the gate can rotate about the substantially horizontal axis to transition the second end wall between the upright position and the lowered position. 4. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein an upper surface of the gate includes a roller deck. 5. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the gate is mounted to the basket portion, such that the gate can be moved in a radial direction relative to the substantially horizontal axis. 6. The parcel cart as recited in claim 5, wherein the gate includes a proximal end defining an elongated slot configured to receive a pin, which defines the substantially horizontal axis about which the gate rotates. 7. The parcel cart as recited in claim 5, wherein the gate includes a locking arm, and wherein the basket portion defines a slot configured to receive the locking arm to maintain the second end wall in the upright position. 8. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the first side wall is comprised of a first netting removably connected to the first end wall and the second end wall. 9. The parcel cart as recited in claim 8, wherein the second side wall is comprised of a second netting removably connected to the first end wall and the second end wall. 10. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the basket portion includes a plate positioned below the gate and configured to limit rotation of the gate about the substantially horizontal axis. 11. The parcel cart as recited in claim 10, wherein the plate is configured to limit rotation of the gate about the substantially horizontal axis, such that, when the second end wall is in the lowered position, the gate is in a substantially horizontal orientation 12. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first end wall and the second end wall is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 13. A parcel cart, comprising:
a substructure; a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure, the frame defining an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport, and the frame including
a base,
a first end wall extending upwardly from the base, and
a second end wall extending upwardly from the base,
a first side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall, and
a second side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall,
wherein at least one of the first end wall and the second end wall is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 14. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the substructure and the frame collectively define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. 15. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the first end wall and the second end wall are each in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 16. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the second end wall is configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position to facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart. 17. The parcel cart as recited in claim 16, wherein the frame is characterized as including a basket portion and a gate that is mounted for rotation with respect to the basket portion about a substantially horizontal axis, the gate at least partially defining the second end wall, such that the gate can rotate about the substantially horizontal axis to transition the second end wall between the upright position and the lowered position. 18. The parcel cart as recited in claim 17, wherein the gate is mounted to the basket portion, such that the gate can be moved in a radial direction relative to the substantially horizontal axis. 19. The parcel cart as recited in claim 17, wherein an upper surface of the gate includes a roller deck. | A parcel cart for transporting parcels comprises a substructure, with a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure. The frame defines an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport. The frame also includes: a base; a first end wall; a second end wall; a first side wall; and a second side wall. To facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart, the frame can include at least one end wall configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position. To facilitate autonomous transport of the parcel cart, the substructure and the frame can define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. To avoid occlusion of the field of view of one or more cameras associated with the mobile robot, the frame can include at least one end wall that is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base.1. A parcel cart, comprising:
a substructure; a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure, the frame defining an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport, and the frame including
a base,
a first end wall extending upwardly from the base, and
a second end wall extending upwardly from the base, the second end wall being configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position to facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart,
a first side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall, and
a second side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall. 2. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein the substructure and the frame collectively define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. 3. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein the frame is characterized as including a basket portion and a gate that is mounted for rotation with respect to the basket portion about a substantially horizontal axis, the gate at least partially defining the second end wall, such that the gate can rotate about the substantially horizontal axis to transition the second end wall between the upright position and the lowered position. 4. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein an upper surface of the gate includes a roller deck. 5. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the gate is mounted to the basket portion, such that the gate can be moved in a radial direction relative to the substantially horizontal axis. 6. The parcel cart as recited in claim 5, wherein the gate includes a proximal end defining an elongated slot configured to receive a pin, which defines the substantially horizontal axis about which the gate rotates. 7. The parcel cart as recited in claim 5, wherein the gate includes a locking arm, and wherein the basket portion defines a slot configured to receive the locking arm to maintain the second end wall in the upright position. 8. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the first side wall is comprised of a first netting removably connected to the first end wall and the second end wall. 9. The parcel cart as recited in claim 8, wherein the second side wall is comprised of a second netting removably connected to the first end wall and the second end wall. 10. The parcel cart as recited in claim 3, wherein the basket portion includes a plate positioned below the gate and configured to limit rotation of the gate about the substantially horizontal axis. 11. The parcel cart as recited in claim 10, wherein the plate is configured to limit rotation of the gate about the substantially horizontal axis, such that, when the second end wall is in the lowered position, the gate is in a substantially horizontal orientation 12. The parcel cart as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first end wall and the second end wall is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 13. A parcel cart, comprising:
a substructure; a frame mounted to and supported by the substructure, the frame defining an internal volume in which parcels are received and stored for transport, and the frame including
a base,
a first end wall extending upwardly from the base, and
a second end wall extending upwardly from the base,
a first side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall, and
a second side wall extending between the first end wall and the second end wall,
wherein at least one of the first end wall and the second end wall is in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 14. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the substructure and the frame collectively define a cavity for receiving a mobile robot. 15. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the first end wall and the second end wall are each in a non-perpendicular orientation relative to the base. 16. The parcel cart as recited in claim 13, wherein the second end wall is configured to transition between an upright position and a lowered position to facilitate loading or unloading of the parcel cart. 17. The parcel cart as recited in claim 16, wherein the frame is characterized as including a basket portion and a gate that is mounted for rotation with respect to the basket portion about a substantially horizontal axis, the gate at least partially defining the second end wall, such that the gate can rotate about the substantially horizontal axis to transition the second end wall between the upright position and the lowered position. 18. The parcel cart as recited in claim 17, wherein the gate is mounted to the basket portion, such that the gate can be moved in a radial direction relative to the substantially horizontal axis. 19. The parcel cart as recited in claim 17, wherein an upper surface of the gate includes a roller deck. | 1,700 |
345,884 | 16,804,274 | 1,715 | A process and system for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control. In an exemplary embodiment, the system includes a microwave cooking enclosure; a source of microwave energy that transmits microwave radiation into an interior of the enclosure; a microwave-shielded sensor positioned within the interior of the enclosure; a nozzle connected to provide steam and/or water mist to the enclosure to form humidified air therein; and a control connected to receive a signal from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of the wet-bulb temperature within the enclosure and in response modulate a flow of steam and/or water mist into the enclosure to maintain the wet-bulb temperature of the humidified air therein at or above a predetermined value and to actuate the source of microwave energy to transmit the microwave radiation into the interior of the enclosure, whereby the microwave radiation and the humidified air simultaneously cook the food products and kill microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and on the surface of and within the food products. | 1. A system for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control, the system comprising:
a microwave cooking enclosure; a source of microwave energy connected to transmit microwave radiation into an interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; a microwave-shielded sensor positioned within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; a steam nozzle connected to provide a flow of steam to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to make humidified air therein; and a control connected to receive a signal from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of a wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and in response modulate the flow of steam into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to maintain the wet-bulb temperature therein at or above a predetermined value and to actuate the source of microwave energy to transmit the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure whereby the microwave radiation and the humidified air simultaneously cook the food products in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and kill microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and on a surface of and within the food products. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control is programmed to cause steam to flow into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure as the microwave radiation is transmitted into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to tenderize the food products as the food products are cooked and prevent dehydration of microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a conveyor that conveys the food products into and out of the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and wherein the food products on the conveyor are simultaneously cooked and pasteurized by the microwave radiation and the steam within the microwave cooking enclosure. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the microwave radiation and the steam kill the microorganisms on and within the food products and on the conveyor within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure. 5. The system of claim 3, further comprising a plurality of the microwave cooking enclosures; and the conveyor conveys the food products into and out of the interiors of successive ones of the plurality of the microwave cooking enclosures; and wherein the control is programmed to maintain the wet-bulb temperatures within the interiors of the plurality of the microwave cooking enclosures at or above the predetermined value and to actuate the sources of microwave energy to transmit the microwave radiation into the interiors of the microwave cooking enclosures to cook the food products in the interiors of the microwave cooking enclosures and kill microorganisms in the interiors of the microwave cooking enclosures and on the surface of and within the food products; whereby the food products are completely cooked by the plurality of the microwave cooking enclosures. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein microwave-shielded sensor is selected from a wet-bulb thermometer, a combination wet-bulb thermometer and dry-bulb thermometer, dew point temperature sensor, a relative humidity sensor, and combinations of the foregoing. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a valve connected to regulate a rate of flow of steam into the microwave cooking enclosure from the steam nozzle. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the control is programmed to actuate the valve to maintain the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above the predetermined value in a closed-loop system with the microwave-shielded sensor. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the control is programmed to actuate the valve to maintain the wet bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure selected from between 158° F.-210° F. (70° C.-99° C.), between 176° F.-194° F. (80° C.-90° C.), and if the food products are bacon slices, between 176° F.-210° F. (80° C.-99° C.). 10. The system of claim 1 further comprising a secondary cooking device selected from a multiple purpose oven (MPO) and/or a forced convection oven. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust damper connected to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to allow the humidified air to be exhausted from the interior of the microwave cooking chamber. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the control is programmed to selectively modulate the exhaust damper to control a rate of the humidified air flow exhausted from the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to the ambient to maintain the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above the predetermined value in a closed-loop system with the microwave-shielded sensor. 13. A system for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control, the system comprising:
a microwave cooking unit, the microwave cooking unit including
a microwave cooking enclosure,
a source of microwave energy connected to transmit microwave radiation into an interior of the microwave cooking enclosure,
a microwave-shielded sensor positioned within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure that detects one or more of wet-bulb temperature, dew point temperature, and relative humidity within the microwave cooking enclosure,
a steam nozzle connected to provide a flow of steam to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to make humidified air therein, and
an exhaust damper connected to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to exhaust the humidified air from the interior of the microwave cooking chamber;
a conveyor that conveys food products into and out of the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and a control connected to receive a signal from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of the one of the wet-bulb temperature, the dew point temperature, and the relative humidity within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and in response modulate the flow of steam into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and/or modulate the exhaust damper to maintain the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking chamber at or above a predetermined value and simultaneously actuate the source of microwave energy to transmit the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, whereby the microwave radiation and the humidified air simultaneously cook the food products on the conveyor in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and kill microorganisms on an outer surface of and within the food products, on the conveyor in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, and on the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a valve connected to regulate a rate of flow of steam into the microwave cooking enclosure from the nozzle, wherein the control is programmed to actuate the valve and/or modulate the exhaust damper to maintain the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above the predetermined value in a closed-loop system with the shielded sensor. 15. A process for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control, the process comprising:
placing food products into an interior of a microwave cooking enclosure of a cooking unit; transmitting microwave radiation from a source of microwave energy into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food item; generating a signal from a microwave-shielded sensor positioned within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure indicative of a wet bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; providing a flow of steam to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to form humidified air therein; maintaining the wet-bulb temperature of the humidified air within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above a predetermined value by a control receiving a signal from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and in response modulating the flow of steam into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and simultaneously with maintaining the wet-bulb temperature, transmitting the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food products in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, the microwave radiation and the humidified air combining to kill microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and on an outer surface of and within the food products therein. 16. The process of claim 15, wherein maintaining the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure includes providing steam to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure through a steam nozzle modulated by the control. 17. The process of claim 15, wherein maintaining the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure includes modulating an exhaust damper connected to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure by the control to allow air and/or steam to escape from the interior of the microwave cooking chamber. 18. The process of claim 15, wherein placing the food products into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure includes placing the food products on a conveyor that conveys the food products into and out of the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure. 19. The process of claim 15, wherein maintaining the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure includes actuating the valve by the control to maintain the wet bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure between 158° F.-210° F. (70° C.-99° C.). 20. The process of claim 15, further comprising placing food products successively into the interiors of the microwave cooking enclosures of a plurality of the cooking units; and in each of the cooking units, maintaining the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above the predetermined value by the control receiving the signals from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and in response modulating the flow of steam into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and simultaneously with maintaining the wet-bulb temperature, transmitting the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food products in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, the microwave radiation and the steam killing microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and wherein the food products are completely cooked by at least one of the plurality of the cooking units. 21. A process for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control, the process comprising:
placing food products into an interior of a microwave cooking enclosure of a cooking unit; transmitting microwave radiation from a source of microwave energy into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food products; providing a flow of steam and/or water spray to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to form humidified air therein; maintaining a wet-bulb temperature of the humidified air within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above a predetermined value; and simultaneously with maintaining the wet-bulb temperature, transmitting the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food products in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, the microwave radiation and the humidified air combining to cook the food products in the interior of the microwave enclosure and kill microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and on an outer surface of and within the food products therein. | A process and system for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control. In an exemplary embodiment, the system includes a microwave cooking enclosure; a source of microwave energy that transmits microwave radiation into an interior of the enclosure; a microwave-shielded sensor positioned within the interior of the enclosure; a nozzle connected to provide steam and/or water mist to the enclosure to form humidified air therein; and a control connected to receive a signal from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of the wet-bulb temperature within the enclosure and in response modulate a flow of steam and/or water mist into the enclosure to maintain the wet-bulb temperature of the humidified air therein at or above a predetermined value and to actuate the source of microwave energy to transmit the microwave radiation into the interior of the enclosure, whereby the microwave radiation and the humidified air simultaneously cook the food products and kill microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and on the surface of and within the food products.1. A system for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control, the system comprising:
a microwave cooking enclosure; a source of microwave energy connected to transmit microwave radiation into an interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; a microwave-shielded sensor positioned within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; a steam nozzle connected to provide a flow of steam to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to make humidified air therein; and a control connected to receive a signal from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of a wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and in response modulate the flow of steam into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to maintain the wet-bulb temperature therein at or above a predetermined value and to actuate the source of microwave energy to transmit the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure whereby the microwave radiation and the humidified air simultaneously cook the food products in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and kill microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and on a surface of and within the food products. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control is programmed to cause steam to flow into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure as the microwave radiation is transmitted into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to tenderize the food products as the food products are cooked and prevent dehydration of microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a conveyor that conveys the food products into and out of the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and wherein the food products on the conveyor are simultaneously cooked and pasteurized by the microwave radiation and the steam within the microwave cooking enclosure. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the microwave radiation and the steam kill the microorganisms on and within the food products and on the conveyor within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure. 5. The system of claim 3, further comprising a plurality of the microwave cooking enclosures; and the conveyor conveys the food products into and out of the interiors of successive ones of the plurality of the microwave cooking enclosures; and wherein the control is programmed to maintain the wet-bulb temperatures within the interiors of the plurality of the microwave cooking enclosures at or above the predetermined value and to actuate the sources of microwave energy to transmit the microwave radiation into the interiors of the microwave cooking enclosures to cook the food products in the interiors of the microwave cooking enclosures and kill microorganisms in the interiors of the microwave cooking enclosures and on the surface of and within the food products; whereby the food products are completely cooked by the plurality of the microwave cooking enclosures. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein microwave-shielded sensor is selected from a wet-bulb thermometer, a combination wet-bulb thermometer and dry-bulb thermometer, dew point temperature sensor, a relative humidity sensor, and combinations of the foregoing. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a valve connected to regulate a rate of flow of steam into the microwave cooking enclosure from the steam nozzle. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the control is programmed to actuate the valve to maintain the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above the predetermined value in a closed-loop system with the microwave-shielded sensor. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the control is programmed to actuate the valve to maintain the wet bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure selected from between 158° F.-210° F. (70° C.-99° C.), between 176° F.-194° F. (80° C.-90° C.), and if the food products are bacon slices, between 176° F.-210° F. (80° C.-99° C.). 10. The system of claim 1 further comprising a secondary cooking device selected from a multiple purpose oven (MPO) and/or a forced convection oven. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust damper connected to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to allow the humidified air to be exhausted from the interior of the microwave cooking chamber. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the control is programmed to selectively modulate the exhaust damper to control a rate of the humidified air flow exhausted from the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to the ambient to maintain the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above the predetermined value in a closed-loop system with the microwave-shielded sensor. 13. A system for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control, the system comprising:
a microwave cooking unit, the microwave cooking unit including
a microwave cooking enclosure,
a source of microwave energy connected to transmit microwave radiation into an interior of the microwave cooking enclosure,
a microwave-shielded sensor positioned within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure that detects one or more of wet-bulb temperature, dew point temperature, and relative humidity within the microwave cooking enclosure,
a steam nozzle connected to provide a flow of steam to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to make humidified air therein, and
an exhaust damper connected to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to exhaust the humidified air from the interior of the microwave cooking chamber;
a conveyor that conveys food products into and out of the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and a control connected to receive a signal from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of the one of the wet-bulb temperature, the dew point temperature, and the relative humidity within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and in response modulate the flow of steam into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and/or modulate the exhaust damper to maintain the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking chamber at or above a predetermined value and simultaneously actuate the source of microwave energy to transmit the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, whereby the microwave radiation and the humidified air simultaneously cook the food products on the conveyor in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and kill microorganisms on an outer surface of and within the food products, on the conveyor in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, and on the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a valve connected to regulate a rate of flow of steam into the microwave cooking enclosure from the nozzle, wherein the control is programmed to actuate the valve and/or modulate the exhaust damper to maintain the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above the predetermined value in a closed-loop system with the shielded sensor. 15. A process for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control, the process comprising:
placing food products into an interior of a microwave cooking enclosure of a cooking unit; transmitting microwave radiation from a source of microwave energy into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food item; generating a signal from a microwave-shielded sensor positioned within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure indicative of a wet bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; providing a flow of steam to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to form humidified air therein; maintaining the wet-bulb temperature of the humidified air within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above a predetermined value by a control receiving a signal from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and in response modulating the flow of steam into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and simultaneously with maintaining the wet-bulb temperature, transmitting the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food products in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, the microwave radiation and the humidified air combining to kill microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and on an outer surface of and within the food products therein. 16. The process of claim 15, wherein maintaining the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure includes providing steam to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure through a steam nozzle modulated by the control. 17. The process of claim 15, wherein maintaining the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure includes modulating an exhaust damper connected to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure by the control to allow air and/or steam to escape from the interior of the microwave cooking chamber. 18. The process of claim 15, wherein placing the food products into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure includes placing the food products on a conveyor that conveys the food products into and out of the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure. 19. The process of claim 15, wherein maintaining the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure includes actuating the valve by the control to maintain the wet bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure between 158° F.-210° F. (70° C.-99° C.). 20. The process of claim 15, further comprising placing food products successively into the interiors of the microwave cooking enclosures of a plurality of the cooking units; and in each of the cooking units, maintaining the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above the predetermined value by the control receiving the signals from the microwave-shielded sensor indicative of the wet-bulb temperature within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and in response modulating the flow of steam into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and simultaneously with maintaining the wet-bulb temperature, transmitting the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food products in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, the microwave radiation and the steam killing microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure; and wherein the food products are completely cooked by at least one of the plurality of the cooking units. 21. A process for microwave cooking food products with humidified air control, the process comprising:
placing food products into an interior of a microwave cooking enclosure of a cooking unit; transmitting microwave radiation from a source of microwave energy into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food products; providing a flow of steam and/or water spray to the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to form humidified air therein; maintaining a wet-bulb temperature of the humidified air within the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure at or above a predetermined value; and simultaneously with maintaining the wet-bulb temperature, transmitting the microwave radiation into the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure to cook the food products in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure, the microwave radiation and the humidified air combining to cook the food products in the interior of the microwave enclosure and kill microorganisms in the interior of the microwave cooking enclosure and on an outer surface of and within the food products therein. | 1,700 |
345,885 | 16,804,286 | 1,715 | An optical device for a quantum random number generator comprising: | 1. An optical device for a quantum random number generator comprising:
a source of phase randomised pulses of light, the source of phase randomised pulses of light further comprising
a plurality of gain-switched lasers, each gain-switched laser having an output, and each gain-switched laser being configured to emit a stream of pulses such that the phase of each pulse in the stream of pulses is randomised, and
an optical pulse combiner, the optical pulse combiner being configured to receive streams of pulses from the output of each gain-switched laser, combine the streams of pulses with one another into a combined stream of pulses and direct the combined stream of pulses into at least one output of the optical pulse combiner, the at least one output of the optical pulse combiner being the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light;
wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light is configured such that the streams of pulses of light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched lasers are temporally offset relative to one another,
a phase measurement element, the phase measurement element being configured to receive the combined stream of pulses from the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light; and an optical detector, the optical detector being optically coupled to the phase measurement element. 2. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the phase measurement element is a time delay interferometer and is configured to direct light from the at least one output of the source of phase randomised pulses towards two arms, at least one arm comprising an interferometer delay, and wherein light from the two arms are interfered with each other and directed to the output of the phase measurement element. 3. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light is configured such that the stream of pulses of light from each gain-switched laser is directed into a delay element, each delay element providing a different amount of delay, and each delayed stream of pulses of light being directed into the optical pulse combiner. 4. An optical device according to claim 3, wherein the streams of pulses of light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched lasers are temporally synchronised. 5. An optical device according to claim 2, wherein modulation currents are injected into each of the plurality of gain-switched lasers and the modulation currents are temporally synchronised. 6. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein each gain-switched laser is configured to emit a stream of pulses of light such that the streams of pulses of light from each gain-switched laser are temporally offset relative to one another. 7. An optical device according to claim 6, wherein modulation currents are injected into each of the plurality of gain-switched lasers and the modulation currents are temporally offset relative to one another. 8. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the interferometer delay in the phase measurement element is equal to a temporal separation between pulses in the stream of pulses emitted by each gain-switched laser. 9. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the interferometer delay in the phase measurement element is equal to a temporal separation between adjacent pulses in the stream of pulses output at the least one output of the optical pulse combiner. 10. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the interferometer delay in the phase measurement element is equal to an integer multiple of a temporal separation between adjacent pulses in the stream of pulses output at the least one output of the optical pulse combiner. 11. An optical device according to claim 8, wherein the pulses in the stream of pulses emitted by each gain-switched laser have a temporal separation greater than or equal to 200 ps. 12. An optical device according to claim 8, wherein the pulses in the stream of pulses emitted by each gain-switched laser have a width less than or equal to half the temporal separation between adjacent pulses in the stream of pulses output at the at least one output of the optical pulse combiner. 13. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein each gain-switched laser comprises a seed laser optically coupled to an output laser. 14. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein each gain-switched laser comprises a gain-switched laser optically coupled to a pulse carver. 15. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light, the optical pulse combiner, the phase measurement element, and the optical detector are integrated on a first substrate. 16. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of gain-switched lasers are disposed on a first substrate; the optical pulse combiner and the phase measurement element are integrated on a second substrate; and light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched lasers is optically coupled to the optical pulse combiner via an optical interconnect. 17. An optical device according to claim 15, wherein the first substrate comprises InP. 18. An optical device according to claim 17, wherein the second substrate comprises Si. 19. A method of generating random numbers, the method comprising:
generating phase randomised pulses of light from a source of phase randomised pulses of light, the source of phase randomised pulses of light further comprising
a plurality of gain-switched lasers, each gain-switched laser having an output, and each gain-switched laser being configured to emit a stream of pulses of light such that the phase of each pulse in the stream of pulses is randomised, and
an optical pulse combiner, the optical pulse combiner being configured to receive streams of pulses from the output of each gain-switched laser, combine the streams of pulses with one another into a combined stream of pulses and direct the combined stream of pulses into at least one output of the optical pulse combiner, the at least one output of the optical pulse combiner being the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light; and, wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light is configured such that the streams of pulses of light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched laser is temporally offset relative to one another;
measuring the phase of pulses from the source of phase randomised pulses by using a phase measurement element coupled to an optical detector, the phase measurement element being configured to receive the combined stream of pulses from the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light. 20. A method of generating random numbers according to claim 19, wherein the numerical value provided by the photodetector is processed using a randomness extractor algorithm. | An optical device for a quantum random number generator comprising:1. An optical device for a quantum random number generator comprising:
a source of phase randomised pulses of light, the source of phase randomised pulses of light further comprising
a plurality of gain-switched lasers, each gain-switched laser having an output, and each gain-switched laser being configured to emit a stream of pulses such that the phase of each pulse in the stream of pulses is randomised, and
an optical pulse combiner, the optical pulse combiner being configured to receive streams of pulses from the output of each gain-switched laser, combine the streams of pulses with one another into a combined stream of pulses and direct the combined stream of pulses into at least one output of the optical pulse combiner, the at least one output of the optical pulse combiner being the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light;
wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light is configured such that the streams of pulses of light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched lasers are temporally offset relative to one another,
a phase measurement element, the phase measurement element being configured to receive the combined stream of pulses from the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light; and an optical detector, the optical detector being optically coupled to the phase measurement element. 2. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the phase measurement element is a time delay interferometer and is configured to direct light from the at least one output of the source of phase randomised pulses towards two arms, at least one arm comprising an interferometer delay, and wherein light from the two arms are interfered with each other and directed to the output of the phase measurement element. 3. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light is configured such that the stream of pulses of light from each gain-switched laser is directed into a delay element, each delay element providing a different amount of delay, and each delayed stream of pulses of light being directed into the optical pulse combiner. 4. An optical device according to claim 3, wherein the streams of pulses of light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched lasers are temporally synchronised. 5. An optical device according to claim 2, wherein modulation currents are injected into each of the plurality of gain-switched lasers and the modulation currents are temporally synchronised. 6. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein each gain-switched laser is configured to emit a stream of pulses of light such that the streams of pulses of light from each gain-switched laser are temporally offset relative to one another. 7. An optical device according to claim 6, wherein modulation currents are injected into each of the plurality of gain-switched lasers and the modulation currents are temporally offset relative to one another. 8. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the interferometer delay in the phase measurement element is equal to a temporal separation between pulses in the stream of pulses emitted by each gain-switched laser. 9. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the interferometer delay in the phase measurement element is equal to a temporal separation between adjacent pulses in the stream of pulses output at the least one output of the optical pulse combiner. 10. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the interferometer delay in the phase measurement element is equal to an integer multiple of a temporal separation between adjacent pulses in the stream of pulses output at the least one output of the optical pulse combiner. 11. An optical device according to claim 8, wherein the pulses in the stream of pulses emitted by each gain-switched laser have a temporal separation greater than or equal to 200 ps. 12. An optical device according to claim 8, wherein the pulses in the stream of pulses emitted by each gain-switched laser have a width less than or equal to half the temporal separation between adjacent pulses in the stream of pulses output at the at least one output of the optical pulse combiner. 13. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein each gain-switched laser comprises a seed laser optically coupled to an output laser. 14. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein each gain-switched laser comprises a gain-switched laser optically coupled to a pulse carver. 15. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light, the optical pulse combiner, the phase measurement element, and the optical detector are integrated on a first substrate. 16. An optical device according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of gain-switched lasers are disposed on a first substrate; the optical pulse combiner and the phase measurement element are integrated on a second substrate; and light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched lasers is optically coupled to the optical pulse combiner via an optical interconnect. 17. An optical device according to claim 15, wherein the first substrate comprises InP. 18. An optical device according to claim 17, wherein the second substrate comprises Si. 19. A method of generating random numbers, the method comprising:
generating phase randomised pulses of light from a source of phase randomised pulses of light, the source of phase randomised pulses of light further comprising
a plurality of gain-switched lasers, each gain-switched laser having an output, and each gain-switched laser being configured to emit a stream of pulses of light such that the phase of each pulse in the stream of pulses is randomised, and
an optical pulse combiner, the optical pulse combiner being configured to receive streams of pulses from the output of each gain-switched laser, combine the streams of pulses with one another into a combined stream of pulses and direct the combined stream of pulses into at least one output of the optical pulse combiner, the at least one output of the optical pulse combiner being the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light; and, wherein the source of phase randomised pulses of light is configured such that the streams of pulses of light emitted by the plurality of gain-switched laser is temporally offset relative to one another;
measuring the phase of pulses from the source of phase randomised pulses by using a phase measurement element coupled to an optical detector, the phase measurement element being configured to receive the combined stream of pulses from the output of the source of phase randomised pulses of light. 20. A method of generating random numbers according to claim 19, wherein the numerical value provided by the photodetector is processed using a randomness extractor algorithm. | 1,700 |
345,886 | 16,804,330 | 1,715 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a MOS transistor and a drive circuit. The MOS transistor has a gate and a gate insulating film. The drive circuit is coupled to the gate and supplies a first voltage that destroys the gate insulating film or a second voltage lower than the first voltage. The drive circuit applies the first voltage to the gate in a first write to the MOS transistor, and applies the second voltage to the gate in a second write to the MOS transistor. | 1. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
a MOS transistor having a gate and a gate insulating film; and a drive circuit coupled to the gate and configured to supply a first voltage that destroys the gate insulating film or a second voltage lower than the first voltage; wherein the drive circuit applies the first voltage to the gate in a first write to the MOS transistor, and applies the second voltage to the gate in a second write to the MOS transistor. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the drive circuit comprises
a first voltage generation circuit configured to generate the first voltage, a second voltage generation circuit configured to generate the second voltage, and a switch circuit configured to switch between a first coupling state in which the first voltage generation circuit and the gate are coupled and a second coupling state in which the second voltage generation circuit and the gate are coupled. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 2, wherein
the switch circuit switches to the first coupling state in the first write, and switches to the second coupling state in the second write. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 3, wherein
in the first write, the gate insulating film is destroyed, and a conductive path that makes the gate insulating film conductive is formed, and in the second write, the conductive path is fused. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 4, wherein
in the first write, the first voltage is a voltage corresponding to a current that does not fuse the conductive path, and an application time during which the first voltage is applied to the gate is set so as to form the conductive path. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 4, wherein
in the second write, an application time during which the second voltage is applied to the gate is set so as to form a fused region by fusing the conductive path. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 4, wherein
in at least one of the first write and the second write, the gate is irradiated with light having a wavelength corresponding to a material of the gate. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a control circuit configured to control the irradiation time of the light such that a temperature of the gate insulating film does not exceed a melting point. 9. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein
when the gate material is polysilicon, the light is an infrared laser. 10. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein
when the gate is a metal gate made of a metal, the light has a wavelength absorbed by the metal gate. 11. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device, wherein
in a MOS transistor having a gate and a gate insulating film, a first voltage that destroys the gate insulating film is applied to the gate, after applying the first voltage, a second voltage lower than the first voltage is applied to the gate, and in at least one of the application of the first voltage and the application of the second voltage, the gate is irradiated with light having a wavelength corresponding to a material of the gate. 12. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, comprising:
forming a conductive path that destroys the gate insulating film by applying the first voltage and brings the gate insulating film into a conductive state; and fusing the conductive path by applying the second voltage. 13. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 12, wherein
the first voltage is a voltage corresponding to a current that does not fuse the conductive path, and an application time during which the first voltage is applied to the gate is set so as to form the conductive path. 14. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 12, wherein
an application time during which the second voltage is applied to the gate is set so as to form a fused region by fusing the conductive path. 15. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein
an irradiation time of the light is controlled such that a temperature of the gate insulating film does not exceed a melting point. 16. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein
when the gate material is polysilicon, the light is an infrared laser. 17. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein
when the gate is a metal gate made of a metal, the light has a wavelength absorbed by the metal gate. 18. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
a plurality of MOS transistors having a gate and a gate insulating film; and a drive circuit coupled to the gate and configured to supply a first voltage that destroys the gate insulating film or a second voltage lower than the first voltage; wherein the drive circuit applies the first voltage to the gate in a first write to the MOS transistor, and applies the second voltage to the gate in a second write to the MOS transistor, a MOS transistor which has been applied with the first voltage among a plurality of the MOS transistors has a region relating to a conductive path formed by destruction of the gate insulating film, and a MOS transistor which has been applied with the second voltage after the application of the first voltage among a plurality of the MOS transistors has a fused region formed by fusing a conductive path formed by destruction of the gate insulating film. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a MOS transistor and a drive circuit. The MOS transistor has a gate and a gate insulating film. The drive circuit is coupled to the gate and supplies a first voltage that destroys the gate insulating film or a second voltage lower than the first voltage. The drive circuit applies the first voltage to the gate in a first write to the MOS transistor, and applies the second voltage to the gate in a second write to the MOS transistor.1. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
a MOS transistor having a gate and a gate insulating film; and a drive circuit coupled to the gate and configured to supply a first voltage that destroys the gate insulating film or a second voltage lower than the first voltage; wherein the drive circuit applies the first voltage to the gate in a first write to the MOS transistor, and applies the second voltage to the gate in a second write to the MOS transistor. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the drive circuit comprises
a first voltage generation circuit configured to generate the first voltage, a second voltage generation circuit configured to generate the second voltage, and a switch circuit configured to switch between a first coupling state in which the first voltage generation circuit and the gate are coupled and a second coupling state in which the second voltage generation circuit and the gate are coupled. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 2, wherein
the switch circuit switches to the first coupling state in the first write, and switches to the second coupling state in the second write. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 3, wherein
in the first write, the gate insulating film is destroyed, and a conductive path that makes the gate insulating film conductive is formed, and in the second write, the conductive path is fused. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 4, wherein
in the first write, the first voltage is a voltage corresponding to a current that does not fuse the conductive path, and an application time during which the first voltage is applied to the gate is set so as to form the conductive path. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 4, wherein
in the second write, an application time during which the second voltage is applied to the gate is set so as to form a fused region by fusing the conductive path. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 4, wherein
in at least one of the first write and the second write, the gate is irradiated with light having a wavelength corresponding to a material of the gate. 8. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a control circuit configured to control the irradiation time of the light such that a temperature of the gate insulating film does not exceed a melting point. 9. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein
when the gate material is polysilicon, the light is an infrared laser. 10. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 7, wherein
when the gate is a metal gate made of a metal, the light has a wavelength absorbed by the metal gate. 11. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device, wherein
in a MOS transistor having a gate and a gate insulating film, a first voltage that destroys the gate insulating film is applied to the gate, after applying the first voltage, a second voltage lower than the first voltage is applied to the gate, and in at least one of the application of the first voltage and the application of the second voltage, the gate is irradiated with light having a wavelength corresponding to a material of the gate. 12. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, comprising:
forming a conductive path that destroys the gate insulating film by applying the first voltage and brings the gate insulating film into a conductive state; and fusing the conductive path by applying the second voltage. 13. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 12, wherein
the first voltage is a voltage corresponding to a current that does not fuse the conductive path, and an application time during which the first voltage is applied to the gate is set so as to form the conductive path. 14. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 12, wherein
an application time during which the second voltage is applied to the gate is set so as to form a fused region by fusing the conductive path. 15. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein
an irradiation time of the light is controlled such that a temperature of the gate insulating film does not exceed a melting point. 16. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein
when the gate material is polysilicon, the light is an infrared laser. 17. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor memory device according to claim 11, wherein
when the gate is a metal gate made of a metal, the light has a wavelength absorbed by the metal gate. 18. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
a plurality of MOS transistors having a gate and a gate insulating film; and a drive circuit coupled to the gate and configured to supply a first voltage that destroys the gate insulating film or a second voltage lower than the first voltage; wherein the drive circuit applies the first voltage to the gate in a first write to the MOS transistor, and applies the second voltage to the gate in a second write to the MOS transistor, a MOS transistor which has been applied with the first voltage among a plurality of the MOS transistors has a region relating to a conductive path formed by destruction of the gate insulating film, and a MOS transistor which has been applied with the second voltage after the application of the first voltage among a plurality of the MOS transistors has a fused region formed by fusing a conductive path formed by destruction of the gate insulating film. | 1,700 |
345,887 | 16,804,267 | 1,715 | A system and method of a smart contract and distributed ledger platform with blockchain custody service includes a blockchain service circuit structured to interface with a distributed ledger; a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to items of collateral or data related to environments of the items of collateral; a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for each of the plurality of items of collateral based on a valuation model and the received data; and a smart contract circuit structured to interpret a smart lending contract for a loan, and to modify the smart lending contract by assigning, based on the determined value for each of the items of collateral, at least a portion of the items of collateral as security for the loan such that the determined value of the items of collateral is sufficient to provide security for the loan. | 1. A system comprising:
a blockchain service circuit structured to interface with a distributed ledger; a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral or data related to environments of the plurality of items of collateral; a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for each of the plurality of items of collateral based on a valuation model and the received data; and a smart contract circuit structured to interpret a smart lending contract for a loan, and to modify the smart lending contract by assigning, based on the determined value for each of the plurality of items of collateral, at least a portion of the plurality of items of collateral as security for the loan such that the determined value of the plurality of items of collateral is sufficient to provide security for the loan; wherein the blockchain service circuit is further structured to record the assigned at least a portion of items of collateral to an entry in the distributed ledger, wherein the entry is used to record events relevant to the loan; and wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, the valuation circuit and the smart contract circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein modifying the smart lending contract further comprises specifying terms and conditions that govern an item selected from the list consisting of: a loan term, a loan condition, a loan-related event, and a loan-related activity. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to receive outcome data related to the loan and a corresponding item of collateral, and wherein the valuation circuit comprises an artificial intelligent circuit structured to iteratively improve the valuation model based on the outcome data. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information relevant to the value of at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to monitor pricing or financial data for items that are similar to the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral in at least one public marketplace. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a clustering circuit structured to identify a set of similar items for use in valuing the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral based on similarity to an attribute of the collateral. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to interpret a condition of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit further comprises at least one system selected from the systems consisting of: an Internet of Things system, a camera system, a networked monitoring system, an internet monitoring system, a mobile device system, a wearable device system, a user interface system, and an interactive crowdsourcing system. 9. The system of claim 2, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to interpret an event relevant to the loan, and to perform an action related to the loan in response to the event relevant to the loan. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the action related to the loan comprises at least one of: modifying the terms and conditions for the loan, providing a notice to a party to the loan, providing a required notice to a borrower of the loan, and foreclosing on a property subject to the loan. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the corresponding API components of the circuits further comprise user interfaces structured to interact with a plurality of users of the system. 12. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to a plurality of items of collateral; setting a value for each of the plurality of items of collateral; assigning at least a portion of the plurality of items of collateral as security for a loan; and recording the assigned at least a portion of the plurality of items of collateral to an entry in a distributed ledger, wherein the entry is used to record events relevant to the loan. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising modifying a smart lending contract for the loan. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein modifying a smart lending contract comprises adjusting or specifying terms and conditions for the loan. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving outcome data related to the loan; and iteratively improving a valuation model based on the outcome data and corresponding collateral. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising monitoring marketplace information relevant to the value of at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising identifying a set of items similar to one of the plurality of items of collateral based on similarity to an attribute of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising interpreting a condition of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising reporting events related to a value of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, a condition of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, or an ownership of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
interpreting an event relevant to: a value of one of the plurality of items of collateral, a condition of one of the plurality of items of collateral, or an ownership of one of the plurality of items of collateral; and performing an action related to the loan in response to the event relevant to the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral for said loan. | A system and method of a smart contract and distributed ledger platform with blockchain custody service includes a blockchain service circuit structured to interface with a distributed ledger; a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to items of collateral or data related to environments of the items of collateral; a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for each of the plurality of items of collateral based on a valuation model and the received data; and a smart contract circuit structured to interpret a smart lending contract for a loan, and to modify the smart lending contract by assigning, based on the determined value for each of the items of collateral, at least a portion of the items of collateral as security for the loan such that the determined value of the items of collateral is sufficient to provide security for the loan.1. A system comprising:
a blockchain service circuit structured to interface with a distributed ledger; a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral or data related to environments of the plurality of items of collateral; a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for each of the plurality of items of collateral based on a valuation model and the received data; and a smart contract circuit structured to interpret a smart lending contract for a loan, and to modify the smart lending contract by assigning, based on the determined value for each of the plurality of items of collateral, at least a portion of the plurality of items of collateral as security for the loan such that the determined value of the plurality of items of collateral is sufficient to provide security for the loan; wherein the blockchain service circuit is further structured to record the assigned at least a portion of items of collateral to an entry in the distributed ledger, wherein the entry is used to record events relevant to the loan; and wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, the valuation circuit and the smart contract circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein modifying the smart lending contract further comprises specifying terms and conditions that govern an item selected from the list consisting of: a loan term, a loan condition, a loan-related event, and a loan-related activity. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to receive outcome data related to the loan and a corresponding item of collateral, and wherein the valuation circuit comprises an artificial intelligent circuit structured to iteratively improve the valuation model based on the outcome data. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information relevant to the value of at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to monitor pricing or financial data for items that are similar to the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral in at least one public marketplace. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a clustering circuit structured to identify a set of similar items for use in valuing the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral based on similarity to an attribute of the collateral. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to interpret a condition of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit further comprises at least one system selected from the systems consisting of: an Internet of Things system, a camera system, a networked monitoring system, an internet monitoring system, a mobile device system, a wearable device system, a user interface system, and an interactive crowdsourcing system. 9. The system of claim 2, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to interpret an event relevant to the loan, and to perform an action related to the loan in response to the event relevant to the loan. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the action related to the loan comprises at least one of: modifying the terms and conditions for the loan, providing a notice to a party to the loan, providing a required notice to a borrower of the loan, and foreclosing on a property subject to the loan. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the corresponding API components of the circuits further comprise user interfaces structured to interact with a plurality of users of the system. 12. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to a plurality of items of collateral; setting a value for each of the plurality of items of collateral; assigning at least a portion of the plurality of items of collateral as security for a loan; and recording the assigned at least a portion of the plurality of items of collateral to an entry in a distributed ledger, wherein the entry is used to record events relevant to the loan. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising modifying a smart lending contract for the loan. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein modifying a smart lending contract comprises adjusting or specifying terms and conditions for the loan. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving outcome data related to the loan; and iteratively improving a valuation model based on the outcome data and corresponding collateral. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising monitoring marketplace information relevant to the value of at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising identifying a set of items similar to one of the plurality of items of collateral based on similarity to an attribute of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising interpreting a condition of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising reporting events related to a value of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, a condition of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, or an ownership of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
interpreting an event relevant to: a value of one of the plurality of items of collateral, a condition of one of the plurality of items of collateral, or an ownership of one of the plurality of items of collateral; and performing an action related to the loan in response to the event relevant to the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral for said loan. | 1,700 |
345,888 | 16,804,306 | 1,715 | The disclosure includes: a first acquisition section that acquires a first image captured by an imaging device mounted on a vehicle after driving of the vehicle is finished; a second acquisition section that acquires a second image captured by the imaging device when driving of the vehicle is started; and a detection section that detects misalignment between the first image and the second image. | 1. An information processor comprising:
a first acquisition section that acquires a first image captured by an imaging device mounted on a vehicle after driving of the vehicle is finished; a second acquisition section that acquires a second image captured by the imaging device when driving of the vehicle is started; and a detection section that detects misalignment between the first image and the second image. 2. The information processor according to claim 1, wherein
the detection section detects the misalignment of a region of a part of the vehicle between the first image and the second image. 3. The information processor according to claim 1, wherein
time after driving of the vehicle is finished is time when a power source of the vehicle is stopped, and time when driving of the vehicle is started is time when the power source of the vehicle is started. 4. A detection method executed by an information processor comprising:
a first acquisition procedure for acquiring a first image captured by an imaging device mounted on a vehicle after driving of the vehicle is finished; a second acquisition procedure for acquiring a second image captured by the imaging device when driving of the vehicle is started; and a detection procedure for detecting misalignment between the first image and the second image. 5. A program making an information processor execute:
a first acquisition procedure for acquiring a first image captured by an imaging device mounted on a vehicle after driving of the vehicle is finished; a second acquisition procedure for acquiring a second image captured by the imaging device when driving of the vehicle is started; and a detection procedure for detecting misalignment between the first image and the second image. | The disclosure includes: a first acquisition section that acquires a first image captured by an imaging device mounted on a vehicle after driving of the vehicle is finished; a second acquisition section that acquires a second image captured by the imaging device when driving of the vehicle is started; and a detection section that detects misalignment between the first image and the second image.1. An information processor comprising:
a first acquisition section that acquires a first image captured by an imaging device mounted on a vehicle after driving of the vehicle is finished; a second acquisition section that acquires a second image captured by the imaging device when driving of the vehicle is started; and a detection section that detects misalignment between the first image and the second image. 2. The information processor according to claim 1, wherein
the detection section detects the misalignment of a region of a part of the vehicle between the first image and the second image. 3. The information processor according to claim 1, wherein
time after driving of the vehicle is finished is time when a power source of the vehicle is stopped, and time when driving of the vehicle is started is time when the power source of the vehicle is started. 4. A detection method executed by an information processor comprising:
a first acquisition procedure for acquiring a first image captured by an imaging device mounted on a vehicle after driving of the vehicle is finished; a second acquisition procedure for acquiring a second image captured by the imaging device when driving of the vehicle is started; and a detection procedure for detecting misalignment between the first image and the second image. 5. A program making an information processor execute:
a first acquisition procedure for acquiring a first image captured by an imaging device mounted on a vehicle after driving of the vehicle is finished; a second acquisition procedure for acquiring a second image captured by the imaging device when driving of the vehicle is started; and a detection procedure for detecting misalignment between the first image and the second image. | 1,700 |
345,889 | 16,804,308 | 1,715 | A method for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system is disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method includes monitoring, in a cache of the primary storage system, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system. The method maintains a regular LRU list designating an order in which data elements are demoted from the cache. The method determines whether a data element at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element. In the event the data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, the method moves the data element to a transfer-pending LRU list dedicated to unmirrored data elements in the cache. A corresponding system and computer program product are also disclosed. | 1. A method for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the method comprising:
monitoring, in a cache of the primary storage system, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system; maintaining a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which data elements, including the unmirrored data elements, are demoted from the cache, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end; determining whether a data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element; in the event the data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, moving the data element to a transfer-pending LRU list dedicated to unmirrored data elements in the cache; and in the event the transfer-pending LRU list exceeds a specified size, automatically demoting, from the cache, a selected number of the unmirrored data elements from the cache. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to an MRU (most recently used) end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is successfully mirrored to the secondary storage system, removing the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demoting the unmirrored data element from the cache. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is accessed in the cache for a reason other than to mirror the unmirrored data element to the secondary storage system, moving the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein moving the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list comprises moving the unmirrored data element to an MRU end of the regular LRU list. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list only if a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is below a threshold. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in the event a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is above a threshold, demoting a designated number of unmirrored data elements in the transfer-pending LRU list from the cache. 8. A computer program product for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied therein, the computer-usable program code configured to perform the following when executed by at least one processor:
monitor, in a cache of the primary storage system, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system; maintain a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which data elements, including the unmirrored data elements, are demoted from the cache, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end; determine whether a data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element; in the event the data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, move the data element to a transfer-pending LRU list dedicated to unmirrored data elements in the cache; and in the event the transfer-pending LRU list exceeds a specified size, automatically demoting, from the cache, a selected number of the unmirrored data elements from the cache. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to an MRU (most recently used) end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is successfully mirrored to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demote the unmirrored data element from the cache. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is accessed in the cache for a reason other than to mirror the unmirrored data element to the secondary storage system, move the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein moving the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list comprises moving the unmirrored data element to an MRU end of the regular LRU list. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list only if a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is below a threshold. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to, in the event a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is above a threshold, demote a designated number of unmirrored data elements in the transfer-pending LRU list from the cache. 15. A system for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory device operably coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions for execution on the at least one processor, the instructions causing the at least one processor to:
monitor, in a cache of the primary storage system, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system;
maintain a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which data elements, including the unmirrored data elements, are demoted from the cache, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end;
determine whether a data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element;
in the event the data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, move the data element to a transfer-pending LRU list dedicated to unmirrored data elements in the cache; and
in the event the transfer-pending LRU list exceeds a specified size, automatically demoting, from the cache, a selected number of the unmirrored data elements from the cache. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to an MRU (most recently used) end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is successfully mirrored to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demote the unmirrored data element from the cache. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is accessed in the cache for a reason other than to mirror the unmirrored data element to the secondary storage system, move the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein moving the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list comprises moving the unmirrored data element to an MRU end of the regular LRU list. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list only if a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is below a threshold. | A method for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system is disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method includes monitoring, in a cache of the primary storage system, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system. The method maintains a regular LRU list designating an order in which data elements are demoted from the cache. The method determines whether a data element at an LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element. In the event the data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, the method moves the data element to a transfer-pending LRU list dedicated to unmirrored data elements in the cache. A corresponding system and computer program product are also disclosed.1. A method for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the method comprising:
monitoring, in a cache of the primary storage system, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system; maintaining a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which data elements, including the unmirrored data elements, are demoted from the cache, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end; determining whether a data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element; in the event the data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, moving the data element to a transfer-pending LRU list dedicated to unmirrored data elements in the cache; and in the event the transfer-pending LRU list exceeds a specified size, automatically demoting, from the cache, a selected number of the unmirrored data elements from the cache. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to an MRU (most recently used) end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is successfully mirrored to the secondary storage system, removing the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demoting the unmirrored data element from the cache. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is accessed in the cache for a reason other than to mirror the unmirrored data element to the secondary storage system, moving the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein moving the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list comprises moving the unmirrored data element to an MRU end of the regular LRU list. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list only if a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is below a threshold. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in the event a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is above a threshold, demoting a designated number of unmirrored data elements in the transfer-pending LRU list from the cache. 8. A computer program product for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied therein, the computer-usable program code configured to perform the following when executed by at least one processor:
monitor, in a cache of the primary storage system, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system; maintain a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which data elements, including the unmirrored data elements, are demoted from the cache, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end; determine whether a data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element; in the event the data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, move the data element to a transfer-pending LRU list dedicated to unmirrored data elements in the cache; and in the event the transfer-pending LRU list exceeds a specified size, automatically demoting, from the cache, a selected number of the unmirrored data elements from the cache. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to an MRU (most recently used) end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is successfully mirrored to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demote the unmirrored data element from the cache. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is accessed in the cache for a reason other than to mirror the unmirrored data element to the secondary storage system, move the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein moving the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list comprises moving the unmirrored data element to an MRU end of the regular LRU list. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list only if a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is below a threshold. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the computer-usable program code is further configured to, in the event a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is above a threshold, demote a designated number of unmirrored data elements in the transfer-pending LRU list from the cache. 15. A system for improving asynchronous data replication between a primary storage system and a secondary storage system, the system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory device operably coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions for execution on the at least one processor, the instructions causing the at least one processor to:
monitor, in a cache of the primary storage system, unmirrored data elements needing to be mirrored, but that have not yet been mirrored, from the primary storage system to the secondary storage system;
maintain a regular LRU (least recently used) list designating an order in which data elements, including the unmirrored data elements, are demoted from the cache, the regular LRU list comprising an LRU end and an MRU (most recently used) end;
determine whether a data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element;
in the event the data element at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is an unmirrored data element, move the data element to a transfer-pending LRU list dedicated to unmirrored data elements in the cache; and
in the event the transfer-pending LRU list exceeds a specified size, automatically demoting, from the cache, a selected number of the unmirrored data elements from the cache. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to an MRU (most recently used) end of the transfer-pending LRU list. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is successfully mirrored to the secondary storage system, remove the unmirrored data element from the transfer-pending LRU list and demote the unmirrored data element from the cache. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the at least one processor to, in the event an unmirrored data element in the transfer-pending LRU list is accessed in the cache for a reason other than to mirror the unmirrored data element to the secondary storage system, move the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein moving the unmirrored data element to the regular LRU list comprises moving the unmirrored data element to an MRU end of the regular LRU list. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list comprises moving the data element to the transfer-pending LRU list only if a number of unmirrored data elements encountered at the LRU end of the regular LRU list is below a threshold. | 1,700 |
345,890 | 16,804,302 | 1,715 | Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for file backup, an electronic device and a computer program product. The method comprises: dividing a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type. The method also comprises: generating a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files respectively, the plurality of backup files corresponding to a plurality of file types of files in the plurality of subsets of files respectively. The method further comprises: generating an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files. | 1. A method for file backup, comprising:
dividing a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, wherein files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type; generating a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files, wherein each of the plurality of backup files corresponds to one of a plurality of file types; and generating an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
for each file in the set of files:
determining a file type of the file; and
generating metadata associated with the file, wherein the metadata comprises information indicating the file type of the file;
wherein dividing the set of files into the plurality of subsets of files comprises:
dividing the set of files into the plurality of subsets of files based on the metadata of the files in the set of files. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the plurality of backup files comprises:
creating a plurality of parallel threads corresponding to the plurality of subsets of files; and for each of the plurality of subsets of files, generating a backup file corresponding to the subset of files based on the files in the subset of files, through a thread of the plurality of parallel threads corresponding to the subset of files. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after generating the plurality of backup files, for each of the plurality of subsets of files,
determining an identifier of a backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the subset of files; and
adding the identifier into metadata of the files in the subset of files. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the overall backup file comprises:
creating a reference file logically pointing to the plurality of backup files as the overall backup file. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in accordance with receiving a request of file recovery from a user, determining a plurality of file types corresponding to the plurality of backup files recoverable from the overall backup file; and providing the user with information indicating the plurality of file types. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in accordance with a determination that the user selects a target file type, determining a target backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the target file type; and recovering a file with the target file type based on the target backup file. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in accordance with a determination that the user selects a target file type, determining a target backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the target file type; and providing the user with information indicating recoverable files in the target backup file. 9. (canceled) 10. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of the file types is a user-defined file type. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory storing computer program instructions, the at least one memory and the computer program instructions being configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
divide a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, wherein files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type;
generate a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files, wherein each of the plurality of backup files corresponds to one of a plurality of file types; and
generate an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
for each file in the set of files:
determine a file type of the file; and
generate metadata associated with the file, wherein the metadata comprises information indicating the file type of the file;
wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to divide the set of files into the plurality of subsets of files by:
dividing the set of files into the plurality of subsets of files based on the metadata of the files in the set of files. 13. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to generate the plurality of backup files by:
creating a plurality of parallel threads corresponding to the plurality of subsets of files; and for each of the plurality of subsets of files, generating a backup file corresponding to the subset of files based on the files in the subset of files, through a thread of the plurality of parallel threads corresponding to the subset of files. 14. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
after generating the plurality of backup files, for each of the plurality of subsets of files, determine an identifier of a backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the subset of files; and add the identifier into metadata of the files in the subset of files. 15. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to generate the overall backup file by:
creating a reference file logically pointing to the plurality of backup files as the overall backup file. 16. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
in accordance with receiving a request of file recovery from a user, determine a plurality of file types corresponding to the plurality of backup files recoverable from the overall backup file; and provide the user with information indicating the plurality of file types. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
in accordance with a determination that the user selects a target file type, determine a target backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the target file type; and recover a file with the target file type based on the target backup file. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
in accordance with a determination that the user selects a target file type, determine a target backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the target file type; and provide the user with information indicating recoverable files in the target backup file. 19. (canceled) 20. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein one of the plurality of the file types is a user-defined file type. 21. A computer program product tangibly stored on a non-volatile computer readable medium and comprising machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to perform a method, the method comprising:
dividing a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, wherein files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type; generating a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files, wherein each of the plurality of backup files corresponds to one of a plurality of file types; and generating an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files. | Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for file backup, an electronic device and a computer program product. The method comprises: dividing a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type. The method also comprises: generating a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files respectively, the plurality of backup files corresponding to a plurality of file types of files in the plurality of subsets of files respectively. The method further comprises: generating an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files.1. A method for file backup, comprising:
dividing a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, wherein files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type; generating a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files, wherein each of the plurality of backup files corresponds to one of a plurality of file types; and generating an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
for each file in the set of files:
determining a file type of the file; and
generating metadata associated with the file, wherein the metadata comprises information indicating the file type of the file;
wherein dividing the set of files into the plurality of subsets of files comprises:
dividing the set of files into the plurality of subsets of files based on the metadata of the files in the set of files. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the plurality of backup files comprises:
creating a plurality of parallel threads corresponding to the plurality of subsets of files; and for each of the plurality of subsets of files, generating a backup file corresponding to the subset of files based on the files in the subset of files, through a thread of the plurality of parallel threads corresponding to the subset of files. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after generating the plurality of backup files, for each of the plurality of subsets of files,
determining an identifier of a backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the subset of files; and
adding the identifier into metadata of the files in the subset of files. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the overall backup file comprises:
creating a reference file logically pointing to the plurality of backup files as the overall backup file. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in accordance with receiving a request of file recovery from a user, determining a plurality of file types corresponding to the plurality of backup files recoverable from the overall backup file; and providing the user with information indicating the plurality of file types. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in accordance with a determination that the user selects a target file type, determining a target backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the target file type; and recovering a file with the target file type based on the target backup file. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in accordance with a determination that the user selects a target file type, determining a target backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the target file type; and providing the user with information indicating recoverable files in the target backup file. 9. (canceled) 10. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of the file types is a user-defined file type. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory storing computer program instructions, the at least one memory and the computer program instructions being configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
divide a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, wherein files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type;
generate a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files, wherein each of the plurality of backup files corresponds to one of a plurality of file types; and
generate an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
for each file in the set of files:
determine a file type of the file; and
generate metadata associated with the file, wherein the metadata comprises information indicating the file type of the file;
wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to divide the set of files into the plurality of subsets of files by:
dividing the set of files into the plurality of subsets of files based on the metadata of the files in the set of files. 13. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to generate the plurality of backup files by:
creating a plurality of parallel threads corresponding to the plurality of subsets of files; and for each of the plurality of subsets of files, generating a backup file corresponding to the subset of files based on the files in the subset of files, through a thread of the plurality of parallel threads corresponding to the subset of files. 14. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
after generating the plurality of backup files, for each of the plurality of subsets of files, determine an identifier of a backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the subset of files; and add the identifier into metadata of the files in the subset of files. 15. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to generate the overall backup file by:
creating a reference file logically pointing to the plurality of backup files as the overall backup file. 16. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
in accordance with receiving a request of file recovery from a user, determine a plurality of file types corresponding to the plurality of backup files recoverable from the overall backup file; and provide the user with information indicating the plurality of file types. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
in accordance with a determination that the user selects a target file type, determine a target backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the target file type; and recover a file with the target file type based on the target backup file. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program instructions are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the electronic device to:
in accordance with a determination that the user selects a target file type, determine a target backup file of the plurality of backup files corresponding to the target file type; and provide the user with information indicating recoverable files in the target backup file. 19. (canceled) 20. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein one of the plurality of the file types is a user-defined file type. 21. A computer program product tangibly stored on a non-volatile computer readable medium and comprising machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to perform a method, the method comprising:
dividing a set of files to be backed up into a plurality of subsets of files, wherein files in each of the plurality of subsets of files being of a same file type; generating a plurality of backup files based on the plurality of subsets of files, wherein each of the plurality of backup files corresponds to one of a plurality of file types; and generating an overall backup file corresponding to the set of files based on the plurality of backup files. | 1,700 |
345,891 | 16,804,318 | 1,715 | An encoder (10) for determining an angular position, the encoder (10) comprising a shaft (14, 16), a housing (18) and a transition region (32), the shaft (14, 16) projecting outwards from the housing (18) into the transition region (32), | 1. An encoder (10) for determining an angular position, the encoder (10) comprising a shaft (14, 16), a housing (18) and a transition region (32), the shaft (14, 16) projecting outwards from the housing (18) into the transition region (32),
a measuring element (20) connected to the shaft (14), a sensor (22) for detecting the measuring element (20), and a control and evaluation unit (28) for generating, from the signals of the sensor (22), an angle signal in dependence on the angular position of the measuring element (20), wherein a protective cap (34) is arranged in the transition region (32) for protection against fluids (12) directed with pressure onto the transition region (32). 2. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) is made of pressure resistant material. 3. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein a seal (36) is arranged below the protective cap (34). 4. The encoder (10) according to claim 3,
wherein the seal (36) is arranged around the shaft (14, 16). 5. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) is arranged around the shaft (14, 16) 6. The encoder (10) according claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) forms an extension of the shaft (14, 16). 7. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) is arranged in press fit on the shaft (14, 16). 8. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) has a lateral projection (34 a-b) on at least one of its outer circumference and its inner circumference. 9. The encoder (10) according to claim 8,
wherein the lateral projection (34 a-b) is shorter on the inside than on the out-side. 10. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) has a shape of two concentric cylindrical surface sections (34 a-b) with a circular ring as connecting base surface. | An encoder (10) for determining an angular position, the encoder (10) comprising a shaft (14, 16), a housing (18) and a transition region (32), the shaft (14, 16) projecting outwards from the housing (18) into the transition region (32),1. An encoder (10) for determining an angular position, the encoder (10) comprising a shaft (14, 16), a housing (18) and a transition region (32), the shaft (14, 16) projecting outwards from the housing (18) into the transition region (32),
a measuring element (20) connected to the shaft (14), a sensor (22) for detecting the measuring element (20), and a control and evaluation unit (28) for generating, from the signals of the sensor (22), an angle signal in dependence on the angular position of the measuring element (20), wherein a protective cap (34) is arranged in the transition region (32) for protection against fluids (12) directed with pressure onto the transition region (32). 2. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) is made of pressure resistant material. 3. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein a seal (36) is arranged below the protective cap (34). 4. The encoder (10) according to claim 3,
wherein the seal (36) is arranged around the shaft (14, 16). 5. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) is arranged around the shaft (14, 16) 6. The encoder (10) according claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) forms an extension of the shaft (14, 16). 7. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) is arranged in press fit on the shaft (14, 16). 8. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) has a lateral projection (34 a-b) on at least one of its outer circumference and its inner circumference. 9. The encoder (10) according to claim 8,
wherein the lateral projection (34 a-b) is shorter on the inside than on the out-side. 10. The encoder (10) according to claim 1,
wherein the protective cap (34) has a shape of two concentric cylindrical surface sections (34 a-b) with a circular ring as connecting base surface. | 1,700 |
345,892 | 16,804,337 | 1,715 | A solid dose composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient and at least one controlled release agent and method of manufacturing said composition is disclosed. The burst profile of at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient in the composition is regulated by the apparent viscosity of the controlled release agent and wherein at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient is processed by wet granulation. | 1. A solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen,
wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer have been sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. 2. A method of manufacturing a solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen,
wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer are sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. 3. A solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen,
wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer have been sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation performed in a liquid consisting of water. 4. A method of manufacturing a solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen,
wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer are sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. | A solid dose composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient and at least one controlled release agent and method of manufacturing said composition is disclosed. The burst profile of at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient in the composition is regulated by the apparent viscosity of the controlled release agent and wherein at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient is processed by wet granulation.1. A solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen,
wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer have been sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. 2. A method of manufacturing a solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen,
wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer are sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. 3. A solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen,
wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer have been sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation performed in a liquid consisting of water. 4. A method of manufacturing a solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen,
wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer are sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. | 1,700 |
345,893 | 16,804,272 | 1,715 | Aspects of the disclosure relate to transferring data using a smart reconciliation system. A computing platform may receive, from a smart reconciliation node, a data file. Thereafter, the computing platform may retrieve, based on the data file, a data file profile indicating historical information associated with the data file. Then, the computing platform may determine an issue associated with the data file. Subsequently, the computing platform may identify, based on the issue associated with the data file, a data file level error indicating a level where the issue occurred. Next, the computing platform may generate, based on the data file level error, one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute an automated response for the issue associated with the data file. Then, the computing platform may transmit the one or more commands. Afterwards, the computing platform may update the data file profile. | 1. A computing platform, comprising:
at least one processor; a communication interface communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing platform to:
receive, by the at least one processor, via the communication interface, and from a smart reconciliation node, a data file;
retrieve, based on the data file, a data file profile indicating historical information associated with the data file;
identify, based on the data file, a plurality of sections within the data file;
determine, based on comparing the data file profile with the data file, an issue associated with the data file, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining, based on comparing the data file profile with the plurality of sections within the data file, a missing section of the data file, and wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in delivering a second data file;
identify, based on the issue associated with the data file, a data file level error indicating a level where the issue occurred, wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a content level error, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a delivery level error;
generate, based on the data file level error, one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute an automated response for the issue associated with the data file;
transmit, to the smart reconciliation node via the communication interface, the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
causing, based on the content level error, a first system to deliver content associated with the missing section of the data file to a second system; and
causing, based on the data file level error, the first system to redeliver the second data file to the second system; and
update, based on the automated response for the issue and the data file, the data file profile. 2. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein the memory stores additional computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing platform to:
identify, based on the data file, a route associated with the data file, wherein the route indicates the first system and the second system, and wherein the first system transmits the data file and the second system receives the data file. 3. The computing platform of claim 2, wherein the smart reconciliation node intercepts the data file in transit from the first system to the second system. 4. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein the historical information associated with the data file comprises previous times of day that the data file was received, a number of parts associated with the data file, or one or more priorities associated with the data file. 5. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein the memory stores additional computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing platform to:
determine, based on the data file profile and the missing section of the data file, content associated with the missing section of the data file, wherein generating the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises inserting the content associated with the missing section of the data file in the data file. 6. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in a value of the data file based on comparing the historical information associated with the data file with the data file, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a value level error. 7. The computing platform of claim 6, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
replacing the value of the data file associated with the value level error with a corrected value. 8. A method, comprising:
at a computing platform comprising at least one processor, a communication interface, and memory:
receiving, by the at least one processor, via the communication interface, and from a smart reconciliation node, a data file;
retrieving, by the at least one processor, based on the data file, a data file profile indicating historical information associated with the data file;
identifying, by the at least one processor, based on the data file, a plurality of sections within the data file;
determining, by the at least one processor, based on comparing the data file profile with the data file, an issue associated with the data file, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining, based on comparing the data file profile with the plurality of sections within the data file, a missing section of the data file, and wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in delivering a second data file;
identifying, by the at least one processor, based on the issue associated with the data file, a data file level error indicating a level where the issue occurred, wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a content level error, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a delivery level error;
generating, by the at least one processor, based on the data file level error, one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute an automated response for the issue associated with the data file;
transmitting, by the at least one processor, to the smart reconciliation node via the communication interface, the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
causing, based on the content level error, a first system to deliver content associated with the missing section of the data file to a second system; and
causing, based on the data file level error, the first system to redeliver the second data file to the second system; and
updating, by the at least one processor, based on the automated response for the issue and the data file, the data file profile. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising:
identifying, by the at least one processor, based on the data file, a route associated with the data file, wherein the route indicates the first system and the second system, and wherein the first system transmits the data file and the second system receives the data file. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the smart reconciliation node intercepts the data file in transit from the first system to the second system. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the historical information associated with the data file comprises previous times of day that the data file was received, a number of parts associated with the data file, or one or more priorities associated with the data file. 12. The method of claim 8, comprising:
determining, by the at least one processor, based on the data file profile and the missing section of the data file, content associated with the missing section of the data file, wherein generating the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises inserting the content associated with the missing section of the data file in the data file. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in a value of the data file based on comparing the historical information associated with the data file with the data file, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a value level error. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
replacing the value of the data file associated with the value level error with a corrected value. 15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by a computing platform comprising at least one processor, a communication interface, and memory, cause the computing platform to:
receive, by the at least one processor, via the communication interface, and from a smart reconciliation node, a data file; retrieve, based on the data file, a data file profile indicating historical information associated with the data file; identify, based on the data file, a plurality of sections within the data file; determine, based on comparing the data file profile with the data file, an issue associated with the data file, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining, based on comparing the data file profile with the plurality of sections within the data file, a missing section of the data file, and wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in delivering a second data file; identify, based on the issue associated with the data file, a data file level error indicating a level where the issue occurred, wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a content level error, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a delivery level error; generate, based on the data file level error, one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute an automated response for the issue associated with the data file; transmit, to the smart reconciliation node via the communication interface, the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
causing, based on the content level error, a first system to deliver content associated with the missing section of the data file to a second system; and
causing, based on the data file level error, the first system to redeliver the second data file to the second system; and
update, based on the automated response for the issue and the data file, the data file profile. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, storing additional instructions that, when executed by the computing platform, cause the computing platform to:
identify, based on the data file, a route associated with the data file, wherein the route indicates the first system and the second system, and wherein the first system transmits the data file and the second system receives the data file. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, wherein the smart reconciliation node intercepts the data file in transit from the first system to the second system. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the historical information associated with the data file comprises previous times of day that the data file was received, a number of parts associated with the data file, or one or more priorities associated with the data file. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, storing additional instructions that, when executed by the computing platform, cause the computing platform to:
determine, based on the data file profile and the missing section of the data file, content associated with the missing section of the data file, wherein generating the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises inserting the content associated with the missing section of the data file in the data file. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in a value of the data file based on comparing the historical information associated with the data file with the data file, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a value level error. | Aspects of the disclosure relate to transferring data using a smart reconciliation system. A computing platform may receive, from a smart reconciliation node, a data file. Thereafter, the computing platform may retrieve, based on the data file, a data file profile indicating historical information associated with the data file. Then, the computing platform may determine an issue associated with the data file. Subsequently, the computing platform may identify, based on the issue associated with the data file, a data file level error indicating a level where the issue occurred. Next, the computing platform may generate, based on the data file level error, one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute an automated response for the issue associated with the data file. Then, the computing platform may transmit the one or more commands. Afterwards, the computing platform may update the data file profile.1. A computing platform, comprising:
at least one processor; a communication interface communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing platform to:
receive, by the at least one processor, via the communication interface, and from a smart reconciliation node, a data file;
retrieve, based on the data file, a data file profile indicating historical information associated with the data file;
identify, based on the data file, a plurality of sections within the data file;
determine, based on comparing the data file profile with the data file, an issue associated with the data file, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining, based on comparing the data file profile with the plurality of sections within the data file, a missing section of the data file, and wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in delivering a second data file;
identify, based on the issue associated with the data file, a data file level error indicating a level where the issue occurred, wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a content level error, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a delivery level error;
generate, based on the data file level error, one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute an automated response for the issue associated with the data file;
transmit, to the smart reconciliation node via the communication interface, the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
causing, based on the content level error, a first system to deliver content associated with the missing section of the data file to a second system; and
causing, based on the data file level error, the first system to redeliver the second data file to the second system; and
update, based on the automated response for the issue and the data file, the data file profile. 2. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein the memory stores additional computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing platform to:
identify, based on the data file, a route associated with the data file, wherein the route indicates the first system and the second system, and wherein the first system transmits the data file and the second system receives the data file. 3. The computing platform of claim 2, wherein the smart reconciliation node intercepts the data file in transit from the first system to the second system. 4. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein the historical information associated with the data file comprises previous times of day that the data file was received, a number of parts associated with the data file, or one or more priorities associated with the data file. 5. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein the memory stores additional computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing platform to:
determine, based on the data file profile and the missing section of the data file, content associated with the missing section of the data file, wherein generating the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises inserting the content associated with the missing section of the data file in the data file. 6. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in a value of the data file based on comparing the historical information associated with the data file with the data file, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a value level error. 7. The computing platform of claim 6, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
replacing the value of the data file associated with the value level error with a corrected value. 8. A method, comprising:
at a computing platform comprising at least one processor, a communication interface, and memory:
receiving, by the at least one processor, via the communication interface, and from a smart reconciliation node, a data file;
retrieving, by the at least one processor, based on the data file, a data file profile indicating historical information associated with the data file;
identifying, by the at least one processor, based on the data file, a plurality of sections within the data file;
determining, by the at least one processor, based on comparing the data file profile with the data file, an issue associated with the data file, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining, based on comparing the data file profile with the plurality of sections within the data file, a missing section of the data file, and wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in delivering a second data file;
identifying, by the at least one processor, based on the issue associated with the data file, a data file level error indicating a level where the issue occurred, wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a content level error, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a delivery level error;
generating, by the at least one processor, based on the data file level error, one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute an automated response for the issue associated with the data file;
transmitting, by the at least one processor, to the smart reconciliation node via the communication interface, the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
causing, based on the content level error, a first system to deliver content associated with the missing section of the data file to a second system; and
causing, based on the data file level error, the first system to redeliver the second data file to the second system; and
updating, by the at least one processor, based on the automated response for the issue and the data file, the data file profile. 9. The method of claim 8, comprising:
identifying, by the at least one processor, based on the data file, a route associated with the data file, wherein the route indicates the first system and the second system, and wherein the first system transmits the data file and the second system receives the data file. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the smart reconciliation node intercepts the data file in transit from the first system to the second system. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the historical information associated with the data file comprises previous times of day that the data file was received, a number of parts associated with the data file, or one or more priorities associated with the data file. 12. The method of claim 8, comprising:
determining, by the at least one processor, based on the data file profile and the missing section of the data file, content associated with the missing section of the data file, wherein generating the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises inserting the content associated with the missing section of the data file in the data file. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in a value of the data file based on comparing the historical information associated with the data file with the data file, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a value level error. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
replacing the value of the data file associated with the value level error with a corrected value. 15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by a computing platform comprising at least one processor, a communication interface, and memory, cause the computing platform to:
receive, by the at least one processor, via the communication interface, and from a smart reconciliation node, a data file; retrieve, based on the data file, a data file profile indicating historical information associated with the data file; identify, based on the data file, a plurality of sections within the data file; determine, based on comparing the data file profile with the data file, an issue associated with the data file, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining, based on comparing the data file profile with the plurality of sections within the data file, a missing section of the data file, and wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in delivering a second data file; identify, based on the issue associated with the data file, a data file level error indicating a level where the issue occurred, wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a content level error, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a delivery level error; generate, based on the data file level error, one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute an automated response for the issue associated with the data file; transmit, to the smart reconciliation node via the communication interface, the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file, wherein transmitting the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises:
causing, based on the content level error, a first system to deliver content associated with the missing section of the data file to a second system; and
causing, based on the data file level error, the first system to redeliver the second data file to the second system; and
update, based on the automated response for the issue and the data file, the data file profile. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, storing additional instructions that, when executed by the computing platform, cause the computing platform to:
identify, based on the data file, a route associated with the data file, wherein the route indicates the first system and the second system, and wherein the first system transmits the data file and the second system receives the data file. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, wherein the smart reconciliation node intercepts the data file in transit from the first system to the second system. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the historical information associated with the data file comprises previous times of day that the data file was received, a number of parts associated with the data file, or one or more priorities associated with the data file. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, storing additional instructions that, when executed by the computing platform, cause the computing platform to:
determine, based on the data file profile and the missing section of the data file, content associated with the missing section of the data file, wherein generating the one or more commands directing the smart reconciliation node to execute the automated response for the issue associated with the data file comprises inserting the content associated with the missing section of the data file in the data file. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein determining the issue associated with the data file comprises determining an error in a value of the data file based on comparing the historical information associated with the data file with the data file, and wherein identifying the data file level error comprises identifying a value level error. | 1,700 |
345,894 | 16,804,292 | 1,715 | A component comprises a film containing yttrium oxide. A cross section of the film has a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, and the first to third portions are separated from each other by 0.5 mm or more. A Vickers hardness B1 measured in the first portion, a Vickers hardness B2 measured in the second portion, a Vickers hardness B3 measured in the third portion, and an average value A of the Vickers hardnesses B1 to B3 are numbers satisfying 0.8A≤B1≤1.2A, 0.8A≤B2≤1.2A, and 0.8A≤B3≤1.2A. | 1. A component comprising
a film containing yttrium oxide, wherein: a cross section of the film has a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, and the first to third portions are separated from each other by 0.5 mm or more; and a Vickers hardness B1 measured in the first portion, a Vickers hardness B2 measured in the second portion, a Vickers hardness B3 measured in the third portion, and an average value A of the Vickers hardnesses B1 to B3 are numbers satisfying 0.8A≤B1≤1.2A, 0.8A≤B2≤1.2A, and 0.8A≤B3≤1.2A. 2. The component according to claim 1, wherein
the average value A is 600 or more. 3. The component according to claim 1, wherein
the film has monoclinic crystals of the yttrium oxide. 4. The component according to claim 3, wherein
a mass ratio of the monoclinic crystals is determined from an X-ray diffraction pattern of the film, and the mass ratio is 60% or more. 5. The component according to claim 4, wherein
the mass ratio is 80% or more. 6. The component according to claim 3, wherein
an average diameter of the monoclinic crystals is 0.01 μm or more and 5 μm or less. 7. The component according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the film is 2 μm or more and 200 μm or less. 8. The component according to claim 1, wherein:
the film has a first face on a base member and a second face opposite to the first face; and an observation of the second face using a laser microscope at 50 magnifications gives an observation image in which a ratio of a surface area of a region corresponding to the observation image in the second face to an area of the observation image is 100% or more and 700% or less. 9. The component according to claim 1, wherein
an observation of the cross section using a scanning electron microscope at 5000 magnifications gives an observation image in which a maximum diameter of pores in a unit area of 10 μm×10 μm is 0 μm or more and 1 μm or less. 10. The component according to claim 1, wherein
an observation of the cross section using a scanning electron microscope at 5000 magnifications gives an observation image in which the number of pores in a unit area of 10 μm×10 μm is 0 or more and 3 or less. 11. An apparatus of manufacturing a semiconductor, comprising
the component according to claim 1. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising
a mechanism configured to perform plasma processing, the mechanism having the component. | A component comprises a film containing yttrium oxide. A cross section of the film has a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, and the first to third portions are separated from each other by 0.5 mm or more. A Vickers hardness B1 measured in the first portion, a Vickers hardness B2 measured in the second portion, a Vickers hardness B3 measured in the third portion, and an average value A of the Vickers hardnesses B1 to B3 are numbers satisfying 0.8A≤B1≤1.2A, 0.8A≤B2≤1.2A, and 0.8A≤B3≤1.2A.1. A component comprising
a film containing yttrium oxide, wherein: a cross section of the film has a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, and the first to third portions are separated from each other by 0.5 mm or more; and a Vickers hardness B1 measured in the first portion, a Vickers hardness B2 measured in the second portion, a Vickers hardness B3 measured in the third portion, and an average value A of the Vickers hardnesses B1 to B3 are numbers satisfying 0.8A≤B1≤1.2A, 0.8A≤B2≤1.2A, and 0.8A≤B3≤1.2A. 2. The component according to claim 1, wherein
the average value A is 600 or more. 3. The component according to claim 1, wherein
the film has monoclinic crystals of the yttrium oxide. 4. The component according to claim 3, wherein
a mass ratio of the monoclinic crystals is determined from an X-ray diffraction pattern of the film, and the mass ratio is 60% or more. 5. The component according to claim 4, wherein
the mass ratio is 80% or more. 6. The component according to claim 3, wherein
an average diameter of the monoclinic crystals is 0.01 μm or more and 5 μm or less. 7. The component according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the film is 2 μm or more and 200 μm or less. 8. The component according to claim 1, wherein:
the film has a first face on a base member and a second face opposite to the first face; and an observation of the second face using a laser microscope at 50 magnifications gives an observation image in which a ratio of a surface area of a region corresponding to the observation image in the second face to an area of the observation image is 100% or more and 700% or less. 9. The component according to claim 1, wherein
an observation of the cross section using a scanning electron microscope at 5000 magnifications gives an observation image in which a maximum diameter of pores in a unit area of 10 μm×10 μm is 0 μm or more and 1 μm or less. 10. The component according to claim 1, wherein
an observation of the cross section using a scanning electron microscope at 5000 magnifications gives an observation image in which the number of pores in a unit area of 10 μm×10 μm is 0 or more and 3 or less. 11. An apparatus of manufacturing a semiconductor, comprising
the component according to claim 1. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising
a mechanism configured to perform plasma processing, the mechanism having the component. | 1,700 |
345,895 | 16,804,289 | 1,715 | A system and method of smart contract and distributed ledger platform with blockchain authenticity verification includes a blockchain service circuit structured to interface with a distributed ledger; a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a set of items of collateral that provide security for a loan: a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract for the loan and assign at least a portion of the set of items of collateral to the loan, thereby creating an assigned set of items of collateral; wherein the blockchain service circuit is further structured to record the assigned set of items of collateral to a loan-entry in the distributed ledger, and wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, and the smart contract circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. | 1. A system, the system comprising:
a blockchain service circuit structured to interface with a distributed ledger; a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a set of items of collateral that provide security for a loan:
a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract for the loan and assign at least a portion of the set of items of collateral to the loan, thereby creating an assigned set of items of collateral;
wherein the blockchain service circuit is further structured to record the assigned set of items of collateral to a loan-entry in the distributed ledger, and
wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, and the smart contract circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to receive data related to an environment of the assigned set of items of collateral. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for each of the set of items of collateral or the assigned set of items of collateral, based on a valuation model and the received data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the valuation circuit comprises a valuation model improvement circuit, wherein the valuation model improvement circuit modifies the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 5. The system of claim 3, further comprising a collateral classification circuit structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and at least one of the assigned set of items of collateral share a common attribute. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information for offset items of collateral relevant to the value of at least one of the assigned set of items of collateral. 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to apportion, among a set of lenders, the value for one of the assigned set of items of collateral. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the loan-entry in the distributed ledger further comprises priority information related to a lender, and wherein an apportionment of value is based on the priority information for the lender. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit comprises at least one system selected from systems consisting of: an Internet of Things system, a camera system, a networked monitoring system, an interne monitoring system, a mobile device system, a wearable device system, a user interface system, and an interactive crowdsourcing system. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to identify a collateral event based on the received data, wherein the collateral event is related to a value of one of the assigned set of items of collateral, a condition of one of the assigned set of items of collateral, or an ownership of one of the assigned set of items of collateral. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to perform at least one of a collateral-related action or a loan-related action in response to the collateral event. 12. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to a plurality of items of collateral that provide security for a loan; creating a smart lending contract for the loan; recording the plurality of items of collateral in the smart lending contract; and recording a loan-entry in a distributed ledger, wherein the loan-entry comprises one of the smart lending contract or a reference to the smart lending contract. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving data related to an environment of at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining a value for each of the plurality of items of collateral based on a valuation model and the received data. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising modifying the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising apportioning, among a set of lenders, the value of one of the plurality of items of collateral. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a collateral event based on at least one of the value of at least one of the plurality of items of collateral and the received data. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising performing a loan-related action in response to the collateral event, wherein the loan-related action is selected from the list of actions consisting of: offering the loan, accepting the loan, underwriting the loan, setting an interest rate for a loan, deferring a payment requirement, modifying the interest rate for the loan, calling the loan, closing the loan, setting terms and conditions for the loan, providing notices required to be provided to a borrower, foreclosing on property subject to the loan, and modifying terms and conditions for the loan. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising performing a collateral-related action in response to the collateral event, wherein the collateral-related action is selected from the list of actions consisting of: validating title for the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, recording a change in title for the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, assessing the value of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, initiating inspection of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, initiating maintenance of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, initiating security for the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, and modifying terms and conditions for the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
identifying a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein the group of off-set items of collateral and at least one of the plurality of items of collateral share a common attribute; monitoring marketplace information for data related to the group of off-set items of collateral; updating the value of the at least one of the plurality of items based on the monitored data; and
updating the loan-entry in the distributed ledger with the updated value. | A system and method of smart contract and distributed ledger platform with blockchain authenticity verification includes a blockchain service circuit structured to interface with a distributed ledger; a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a set of items of collateral that provide security for a loan: a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract for the loan and assign at least a portion of the set of items of collateral to the loan, thereby creating an assigned set of items of collateral; wherein the blockchain service circuit is further structured to record the assigned set of items of collateral to a loan-entry in the distributed ledger, and wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, and the smart contract circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system.1. A system, the system comprising:
a blockchain service circuit structured to interface with a distributed ledger; a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a set of items of collateral that provide security for a loan:
a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract for the loan and assign at least a portion of the set of items of collateral to the loan, thereby creating an assigned set of items of collateral;
wherein the blockchain service circuit is further structured to record the assigned set of items of collateral to a loan-entry in the distributed ledger, and
wherein each of the blockchain service circuit, the data collection circuit, and the smart contract circuit further comprise a corresponding application programming interface (API) component structured to facilitate communication among the circuits of the system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to receive data related to an environment of the assigned set of items of collateral. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for each of the set of items of collateral or the assigned set of items of collateral, based on a valuation model and the received data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the valuation circuit comprises a valuation model improvement circuit, wherein the valuation model improvement circuit modifies the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 5. The system of claim 3, further comprising a collateral classification circuit structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and at least one of the assigned set of items of collateral share a common attribute. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information for offset items of collateral relevant to the value of at least one of the assigned set of items of collateral. 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to apportion, among a set of lenders, the value for one of the assigned set of items of collateral. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the loan-entry in the distributed ledger further comprises priority information related to a lender, and wherein an apportionment of value is based on the priority information for the lender. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit comprises at least one system selected from systems consisting of: an Internet of Things system, a camera system, a networked monitoring system, an interne monitoring system, a mobile device system, a wearable device system, a user interface system, and an interactive crowdsourcing system. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit is further structured to identify a collateral event based on the received data, wherein the collateral event is related to a value of one of the assigned set of items of collateral, a condition of one of the assigned set of items of collateral, or an ownership of one of the assigned set of items of collateral. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to perform at least one of a collateral-related action or a loan-related action in response to the collateral event. 12. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to a plurality of items of collateral that provide security for a loan; creating a smart lending contract for the loan; recording the plurality of items of collateral in the smart lending contract; and recording a loan-entry in a distributed ledger, wherein the loan-entry comprises one of the smart lending contract or a reference to the smart lending contract. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving data related to an environment of at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining a value for each of the plurality of items of collateral based on a valuation model and the received data. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising modifying the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising apportioning, among a set of lenders, the value of one of the plurality of items of collateral. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a collateral event based on at least one of the value of at least one of the plurality of items of collateral and the received data. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising performing a loan-related action in response to the collateral event, wherein the loan-related action is selected from the list of actions consisting of: offering the loan, accepting the loan, underwriting the loan, setting an interest rate for a loan, deferring a payment requirement, modifying the interest rate for the loan, calling the loan, closing the loan, setting terms and conditions for the loan, providing notices required to be provided to a borrower, foreclosing on property subject to the loan, and modifying terms and conditions for the loan. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising performing a collateral-related action in response to the collateral event, wherein the collateral-related action is selected from the list of actions consisting of: validating title for the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, recording a change in title for the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, assessing the value of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, initiating inspection of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, initiating maintenance of the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, initiating security for the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral, and modifying terms and conditions for the at least one of the plurality of items of collateral. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
identifying a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein the group of off-set items of collateral and at least one of the plurality of items of collateral share a common attribute; monitoring marketplace information for data related to the group of off-set items of collateral; updating the value of the at least one of the plurality of items based on the monitored data; and
updating the loan-entry in the distributed ledger with the updated value. | 1,700 |
345,896 | 16,804,299 | 1,715 | An electronic device which can be installed and removed in an apparatus using only one hand includes a base and a positioning member. A positioning opening is formed on a first side surface of the base, and a channel is formed in the base with one end connected to the positioning opening. The positioning member is located in the channel and has a holding groove exposed from a front surface of the base. The positioning member is movable along the channel between a released position and a compressed (mounted) position. In the released position, a locking portion of the positioning member extends out of the channel via the positioning opening, in the compressed position the locking portion is retracted into the channel. | 1. A removable device, comprising:
a base comprising a front surface, a first side surface, and a second side surface, wherein the front surface is between the first side surface and the second side surface, a positioning opening is on the first side surface, and the base has a channel, the channel extends along an imaginary transverse axis that passes the first side surface and the second side surface, and an end of the channel is in communication with the positioning opening; a positioning member in the channel, and has a first holding groove, wherein the first holding groove is exposed from the front surface, and the positioning member is moveable between a released position and a compressed position in the channel along the imaginary transverse axis; wherein in the released position, a locking portion of the positioning member extends outside the channel via the positioning opening, and in the compressed position, the locking portion is retracted into the channel. 2. The removable device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front surface comprises a second holding groove, and the second holding groove is between the channel and the second side surface. 3. The removable device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first holding groove defines a first holding surface, and the second holding groove defines a second holding surface, and the first holding surface and the second holding surface face opposite directions. 4. The removable device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a block structure in the channel, wherein the block structure is protruded from an inner surface of the channel to a center of the channel, and the positioning member has a positioning structure facing the block structure. 5. The removable device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member comprises a body, an elastic structure, and a locking portion, the body extends from a first end to a second end in the imaginary transverse axis, the locking portion is connected to the first end of the body, and the elastic structure is connected to the second end of the body and an end surface of the channel. 6. The removable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first holding groove is on the body. 7. The removable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the released position, the elastic structure is released, and in the compressed position, the elastic structure is compressed. 8. The removable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the elastic structure comprises a compressing portion and two end portions, the compressing portion is a wave-shaped structure, and the end portions are connected to two opposite sides of the compressing portion respectively, and adjacent to the front surface. 9. The removable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the released position, the locking portion passes through the positioning opening. 10. The removable device as claimed in claim 9, wherein a width of the locking portion in a direction perpendicular to the imaginary transverse axis is less than the width of the body in the direction perpendicular to the imaginary transverse axis, wherein the base further comprises a guide portion adjacent to the positioning opening, and defines a guide channel for the locking portion to pass therethrough. | An electronic device which can be installed and removed in an apparatus using only one hand includes a base and a positioning member. A positioning opening is formed on a first side surface of the base, and a channel is formed in the base with one end connected to the positioning opening. The positioning member is located in the channel and has a holding groove exposed from a front surface of the base. The positioning member is movable along the channel between a released position and a compressed (mounted) position. In the released position, a locking portion of the positioning member extends out of the channel via the positioning opening, in the compressed position the locking portion is retracted into the channel.1. A removable device, comprising:
a base comprising a front surface, a first side surface, and a second side surface, wherein the front surface is between the first side surface and the second side surface, a positioning opening is on the first side surface, and the base has a channel, the channel extends along an imaginary transverse axis that passes the first side surface and the second side surface, and an end of the channel is in communication with the positioning opening; a positioning member in the channel, and has a first holding groove, wherein the first holding groove is exposed from the front surface, and the positioning member is moveable between a released position and a compressed position in the channel along the imaginary transverse axis; wherein in the released position, a locking portion of the positioning member extends outside the channel via the positioning opening, and in the compressed position, the locking portion is retracted into the channel. 2. The removable device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front surface comprises a second holding groove, and the second holding groove is between the channel and the second side surface. 3. The removable device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first holding groove defines a first holding surface, and the second holding groove defines a second holding surface, and the first holding surface and the second holding surface face opposite directions. 4. The removable device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a block structure in the channel, wherein the block structure is protruded from an inner surface of the channel to a center of the channel, and the positioning member has a positioning structure facing the block structure. 5. The removable device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning member comprises a body, an elastic structure, and a locking portion, the body extends from a first end to a second end in the imaginary transverse axis, the locking portion is connected to the first end of the body, and the elastic structure is connected to the second end of the body and an end surface of the channel. 6. The removable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first holding groove is on the body. 7. The removable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the released position, the elastic structure is released, and in the compressed position, the elastic structure is compressed. 8. The removable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the elastic structure comprises a compressing portion and two end portions, the compressing portion is a wave-shaped structure, and the end portions are connected to two opposite sides of the compressing portion respectively, and adjacent to the front surface. 9. The removable device as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the released position, the locking portion passes through the positioning opening. 10. The removable device as claimed in claim 9, wherein a width of the locking portion in a direction perpendicular to the imaginary transverse axis is less than the width of the body in the direction perpendicular to the imaginary transverse axis, wherein the base further comprises a guide portion adjacent to the positioning opening, and defines a guide channel for the locking portion to pass therethrough. | 1,700 |
345,897 | 16,804,295 | 2,412 | A device can receive, from a node in a core network, application identifiers associated with applications accessible by a first user device. The application identifiers can be associated with latency requirements. The device can obtain, from the first user device, a first packet associated with a first packet flow. The device can compare information regarding the first packet flow, and the application identifiers to determine that the first packet is destined for a low-latency application having a specified latency range. The device can identify a first low-latency bearer that satisfies the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application. The device can map the first packet flow to the first low-latency bearer, and communicate packets, associated with the first packet flow, using the first low-latency bearer. The packets can include data packets communicated between an entity hosting the low-latency application and the first user device, while bypassing the core network. | 1. A method comprising:
obtaining, by a device and from a node in a core network, application identifiers associated with applications accessible by a first user device,
wherein the application identifiers are associated with latency requirements;
comparing, by the device, information regarding a first packet flow associated with the first user device and the application identifiers; determining, by the device, that a first packet associated with the first packet flow is destined for a low-latency application having a specified latency range based on comparing the information regarding the first packet flow and the application identifiers; identifying, by the device, a first low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; and mapping, by the device, the first packet flow to the first low-latency bearer. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
communicating packets, associated with the first packet flow, using the first low-latency bearer, wherein the packets are communicated between an entity hosting the low-latency application and the first user device, while bypassing the core network. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the device is provided at an edge of a radio access network (RAN). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) agent is configured to determine that the first packet is destined for the low-latency application. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the PDCP agent is configured to obtain the first packet by way of a mapping table provided at a radio link control (RLC) layer. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the PDCP agent includes a user plane that is virtualized for co-location with the device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining, from a second user device, a second packet,
wherein the second packet is associated with a second packet flow;
comparing information regarding the second packet flow and the application identifiers; determining that the second packet is destined for the low-latency application having the specified latency range based on a second result of comparing the information regarding the second packet flow and the application identifiers; identifying a second low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; mapping the second packet flow to the second low-latency bearer; mapping the first low-latency bearer to the second low-latency bearer; and communicating a plurality of packets between the first user device and the second user device based on a mapping between the first low-latency bearer and the second low-latency bearer. 8. A device for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
obtain, from a node in a core network, application identifiers associated with applications accessible by a first user device,
wherein the application identifiers are associated with latency requirements;
compare information regarding a first packet flow and the application identifiers,
wherein the first packet flow is associated with a request communication session associated with the first user device;
determine that a first packet associated with the first packet flow is destined for a low-latency application based on comparing the information regarding the first packet flow and the application identifiers;
identify a first low-latency bearer configured to satisfy a specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; and
communicate packets, associated with the first packet flow, using the first low-latency bearer,
wherein the packets are communicated between an entity hosting the low-latency application and the first user device, while bypassing the core network. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further to:
map the first packet flow to the first low-latency bearer prior to communicating the packets using the first low-latency bearer. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) agent is configured to determine that the first packet is destined for the low-latency application. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the PDCP agent includes a user plane that is virtualized for co-location with the device. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the specified latency range is less than 10 milliseconds. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
obtain, from a second user device, a second packet,
wherein the second packet is associated with a second packet flow;
compare information regarding the second packet flow and the application identifiers; determine that the second packet is destined for the low-latency application having the specified latency range based on a second result of comparing the information regarding the second packet flow and the application identifiers; identify a second low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; map the second packet flow to the second low-latency bearer; map the first low-latency bearer to the second low-latency bearer; and communicate a plurality of packets between the first user device and the second user device based on a mapping between the first low-latency bearer and the second low-latency bearer. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the first user device and the second user device are one of:
a drone, a vehicle, a gaming device, a phone, and/or a computer. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the one or more processors to:
obtain, from a node in a core network, application identifiers associated with applications accessible by a first user device,
wherein the application identifiers are associated with latency requirements;
obtain, from the first user device, a first packet,
wherein the first packet is included in a first packet flow, and
wherein the first packet flow is associated with a request communication session associated with the first user device;
determine that the first packet is destined for a low-latency application having a specified latency range based on comparing information associated with the first packet flow and information associated with the application identifiers;
identify a first low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; and
map the first packet flow to the first low-latency bearer. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
communicate packets, associated with the first packet flow, using the first low-latency bearer, wherein the packets are communicated between an entity hosting the low-latency application and the first user device, while bypassing the core network. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) agent is configured to determine that the first packet is destined for the low-latency application. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the PDCP agent is configured to obtain the first packet by way of a mapping table provided at a radio link control (RLC) layer. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the specified latency range is less than 10 milliseconds. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
obtain, from a second user device, a second packet,
wherein the second packet is associated with a second packet flow;
determine that the second packet is destined for the low-latency application having the specified latency range based comparing information associated with the second packet flow and the information associated the application identifiers; identify a second low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; map the second packet flow to the second low-latency bearer; map the first low-latency bearer to the second low-latency bearer; and communicate a plurality of packets between the first user device and the second user device based on a mapping between the first low-latency bearer and the second low-latency bearer. | A device can receive, from a node in a core network, application identifiers associated with applications accessible by a first user device. The application identifiers can be associated with latency requirements. The device can obtain, from the first user device, a first packet associated with a first packet flow. The device can compare information regarding the first packet flow, and the application identifiers to determine that the first packet is destined for a low-latency application having a specified latency range. The device can identify a first low-latency bearer that satisfies the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application. The device can map the first packet flow to the first low-latency bearer, and communicate packets, associated with the first packet flow, using the first low-latency bearer. The packets can include data packets communicated between an entity hosting the low-latency application and the first user device, while bypassing the core network.1. A method comprising:
obtaining, by a device and from a node in a core network, application identifiers associated with applications accessible by a first user device,
wherein the application identifiers are associated with latency requirements;
comparing, by the device, information regarding a first packet flow associated with the first user device and the application identifiers; determining, by the device, that a first packet associated with the first packet flow is destined for a low-latency application having a specified latency range based on comparing the information regarding the first packet flow and the application identifiers; identifying, by the device, a first low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; and mapping, by the device, the first packet flow to the first low-latency bearer. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
communicating packets, associated with the first packet flow, using the first low-latency bearer, wherein the packets are communicated between an entity hosting the low-latency application and the first user device, while bypassing the core network. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the device is provided at an edge of a radio access network (RAN). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) agent is configured to determine that the first packet is destined for the low-latency application. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the PDCP agent is configured to obtain the first packet by way of a mapping table provided at a radio link control (RLC) layer. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the PDCP agent includes a user plane that is virtualized for co-location with the device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining, from a second user device, a second packet,
wherein the second packet is associated with a second packet flow;
comparing information regarding the second packet flow and the application identifiers; determining that the second packet is destined for the low-latency application having the specified latency range based on a second result of comparing the information regarding the second packet flow and the application identifiers; identifying a second low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; mapping the second packet flow to the second low-latency bearer; mapping the first low-latency bearer to the second low-latency bearer; and communicating a plurality of packets between the first user device and the second user device based on a mapping between the first low-latency bearer and the second low-latency bearer. 8. A device for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
obtain, from a node in a core network, application identifiers associated with applications accessible by a first user device,
wherein the application identifiers are associated with latency requirements;
compare information regarding a first packet flow and the application identifiers,
wherein the first packet flow is associated with a request communication session associated with the first user device;
determine that a first packet associated with the first packet flow is destined for a low-latency application based on comparing the information regarding the first packet flow and the application identifiers;
identify a first low-latency bearer configured to satisfy a specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; and
communicate packets, associated with the first packet flow, using the first low-latency bearer,
wherein the packets are communicated between an entity hosting the low-latency application and the first user device, while bypassing the core network. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further to:
map the first packet flow to the first low-latency bearer prior to communicating the packets using the first low-latency bearer. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) agent is configured to determine that the first packet is destined for the low-latency application. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the PDCP agent includes a user plane that is virtualized for co-location with the device. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the specified latency range is less than 10 milliseconds. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
obtain, from a second user device, a second packet,
wherein the second packet is associated with a second packet flow;
compare information regarding the second packet flow and the application identifiers; determine that the second packet is destined for the low-latency application having the specified latency range based on a second result of comparing the information regarding the second packet flow and the application identifiers; identify a second low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; map the second packet flow to the second low-latency bearer; map the first low-latency bearer to the second low-latency bearer; and communicate a plurality of packets between the first user device and the second user device based on a mapping between the first low-latency bearer and the second low-latency bearer. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the first user device and the second user device are one of:
a drone, a vehicle, a gaming device, a phone, and/or a computer. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the one or more processors to:
obtain, from a node in a core network, application identifiers associated with applications accessible by a first user device,
wherein the application identifiers are associated with latency requirements;
obtain, from the first user device, a first packet,
wherein the first packet is included in a first packet flow, and
wherein the first packet flow is associated with a request communication session associated with the first user device;
determine that the first packet is destined for a low-latency application having a specified latency range based on comparing information associated with the first packet flow and information associated with the application identifiers;
identify a first low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; and
map the first packet flow to the first low-latency bearer. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
communicate packets, associated with the first packet flow, using the first low-latency bearer, wherein the packets are communicated between an entity hosting the low-latency application and the first user device, while bypassing the core network. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) agent is configured to determine that the first packet is destined for the low-latency application. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the PDCP agent is configured to obtain the first packet by way of a mapping table provided at a radio link control (RLC) layer. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the specified latency range is less than 10 milliseconds. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
obtain, from a second user device, a second packet,
wherein the second packet is associated with a second packet flow;
determine that the second packet is destined for the low-latency application having the specified latency range based comparing information associated with the second packet flow and the information associated the application identifiers; identify a second low-latency bearer configured to satisfy the specified latency range associated with the low-latency application; map the second packet flow to the second low-latency bearer; map the first low-latency bearer to the second low-latency bearer; and communicate a plurality of packets between the first user device and the second user device based on a mapping between the first low-latency bearer and the second low-latency bearer. | 2,400 |
345,898 | 16,804,293 | 2,412 | Embodiments of the present invention provide a communication method. The communication method includes: performing, by a terminal, a handover from a source base station to a target base station via an interface between the source base station and the target base station, obtaining, by the target base station, a first security capability, and sending, by the target base station, the first security capability to another base station, to establish dual connections. The source base station does not support the first security capability, and the target base station, the another base station, and a core-network network element support the first security capability. The target base station obtains the first security capability, so that the terminal can establish the dual connections to the target base station and the another base station. | 1. A communication system, comprising:
a core-network network element, configured to send a first security capability of a terminal to a second base station during a handover from a first base station not supporting the first security capability to the second base station supporting the first security capability, wherein the handover is performed via an interface between the first base station and the second base station; and a second base station, configured to:
receive the first security capability from the core-network network element, and
send the first security capability to a third base station supporting the first security capability to establish dual connections for the terminal, wherein the dual connections comprises a connection between the terminal and the second base station, and a connection between the terminal and the third base station. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the second base station is further configured to send a path switch request message to the core-network network element, wherein the path switch request message comprises a second security capability; and
the core-network network element is further configured to receive the path switch request message from the second base station; and the core-network network element is configured to, in response to determining that the second security capability comprised in the path switch request message is inconsistent with one or more security capabilities stored in the core-network network element, send the first security capability to the second base station. 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the second base station is further configured to:
receive the second security capability from the first base station during the handover; and after negotiating one or more security algorithms based on the second security capability with the terminal, receive the first security capability from the core-network network element. 4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the core-network network element is configured to:
send a third security capability to the second base station, wherein the third security capability comprises the first security capability and does not comprise the second security capability; and the second base station is further configured to: receive the third security capability from the core-network network element, wherein the third security capability comprises the first security capability and does not comprise the second security capability. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the second base station is configured to:
send a secondary base station addition request message to the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request message comprises the first security capability; receive a secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message sent by the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message comprises one or more algorithms selected by the third base station based on the first security capability; and send the selected one or more algorithms to the terminal. 6. The system according to claim 2, wherein the interface between the first base station and the second base station is an X2 interface, the first security capability is a 5G (fifth generation) security capability and the second security capability is a 4G (fourth generation) security capability. 7. A communication method, comprising:
receiving, by a second base station, a first security capability from a core-network network element during a handover from a first base station not supporting the first security capability of a terminal to the second base station supporting the first security capability, and sending, by the second base station, the first security capability to a third base station supporting the first security capability to establish dual connections for the terminal, wherein the dual connections comprises a connection between the terminal and the second base station, and a connection between the terminal and the third base station. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the second base station, a path switch request message to the core-network network element, wherein the path switch request message comprises a second security capability. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, by the second base station, the second security capability from the first base station during the handover; and after negotiating one or more security algorithms based on the second security capability with the terminal, receiving, by the second base station, the first security capability from the core-network network element. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving, by the second base station, the first security capability from the core-network network element comprises:
receiving a third security capability from the core-network network element, wherein the third security capability comprises the first security capability and does not comprise the second security capability. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the second base station, a secondary base station addition request message to the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request message comprises the first security capability; receiving, by the second base station, a secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message sent by the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message comprises one or more algorithms selected by the third base station based on the first security capability; and sending, by the second base station, the selected one or more algorithms to the terminal. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the handover is performed via an interface between the first base station and the second base station, the interface between the first base station and the second base station is an X2 interface, the first security capability is a 5G (fifth generation) security capability and the second security capability is a 4G (fourth generation) security capability. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the core-network network element, the first security capability to a second base station during the handover. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, by the core-network network element, a path switch request message from the second base station, wherein the path switch request message comprises a second security capability; and in response to determining that the second security capability comprised in the path switch request message is inconsistent with one or more security capabilities stored in the core-network network element, sending, by the core-network network element, the first security capability to the second base station. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the sending, by the core-network network element, the first security capability to the second base station comprises:
sending a third security capability, by the core-network network element, to the second base station, wherein the third security capability comprises the first security capability and does not comprise the second security capability. 16. An apparatus for a base station, comprising at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing programming instructions for execution by the at least one processor, wherein the programming instructions instruct the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
during a handover from a first base station not supporting a first security capability of a terminal to the base station supporting the first security capability, receiving the first security capability from a core-network network element, wherein the handover is performed via an interface between the first base station and the base station; and sending the first security capability to a third base station supporting the first security capability to establish dual connections for the terminal, wherein the dual connections comprises a connection between the terminal and the base station, and a connection between the terminal and the third base station. 17. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
sending a path switch request message to the core-network network element, wherein the path switch request message comprises a second security capability. 18. The base station according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving the second security capability from the first base station during the handover; and after negotiating one or more security algorithms based on the second security capability with the terminal, receiving the first security capability from the core-network network element. 19. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the sending the first security capability to a third base station supporting the first security capability, to establish dual connections for the terminal comprises:
sending a secondary base station addition request message to the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request message comprises the first security capability; receiving a secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message sent by the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message comprises one or more algorithms selected by the third base station based on the first security capability; and sending the selected one or more algorithms to the terminal. 20. The base station according to claim 17, wherein the interface between the first base station and the base station is an X2 interface the first security capability is a 5G (fifth generation) security capability and the second security capability is a 4G (fourth generation) security capability. | Embodiments of the present invention provide a communication method. The communication method includes: performing, by a terminal, a handover from a source base station to a target base station via an interface between the source base station and the target base station, obtaining, by the target base station, a first security capability, and sending, by the target base station, the first security capability to another base station, to establish dual connections. The source base station does not support the first security capability, and the target base station, the another base station, and a core-network network element support the first security capability. The target base station obtains the first security capability, so that the terminal can establish the dual connections to the target base station and the another base station.1. A communication system, comprising:
a core-network network element, configured to send a first security capability of a terminal to a second base station during a handover from a first base station not supporting the first security capability to the second base station supporting the first security capability, wherein the handover is performed via an interface between the first base station and the second base station; and a second base station, configured to:
receive the first security capability from the core-network network element, and
send the first security capability to a third base station supporting the first security capability to establish dual connections for the terminal, wherein the dual connections comprises a connection between the terminal and the second base station, and a connection between the terminal and the third base station. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the second base station is further configured to send a path switch request message to the core-network network element, wherein the path switch request message comprises a second security capability; and
the core-network network element is further configured to receive the path switch request message from the second base station; and the core-network network element is configured to, in response to determining that the second security capability comprised in the path switch request message is inconsistent with one or more security capabilities stored in the core-network network element, send the first security capability to the second base station. 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the second base station is further configured to:
receive the second security capability from the first base station during the handover; and after negotiating one or more security algorithms based on the second security capability with the terminal, receive the first security capability from the core-network network element. 4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the core-network network element is configured to:
send a third security capability to the second base station, wherein the third security capability comprises the first security capability and does not comprise the second security capability; and the second base station is further configured to: receive the third security capability from the core-network network element, wherein the third security capability comprises the first security capability and does not comprise the second security capability. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the second base station is configured to:
send a secondary base station addition request message to the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request message comprises the first security capability; receive a secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message sent by the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message comprises one or more algorithms selected by the third base station based on the first security capability; and send the selected one or more algorithms to the terminal. 6. The system according to claim 2, wherein the interface between the first base station and the second base station is an X2 interface, the first security capability is a 5G (fifth generation) security capability and the second security capability is a 4G (fourth generation) security capability. 7. A communication method, comprising:
receiving, by a second base station, a first security capability from a core-network network element during a handover from a first base station not supporting the first security capability of a terminal to the second base station supporting the first security capability, and sending, by the second base station, the first security capability to a third base station supporting the first security capability to establish dual connections for the terminal, wherein the dual connections comprises a connection between the terminal and the second base station, and a connection between the terminal and the third base station. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the second base station, a path switch request message to the core-network network element, wherein the path switch request message comprises a second security capability. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, by the second base station, the second security capability from the first base station during the handover; and after negotiating one or more security algorithms based on the second security capability with the terminal, receiving, by the second base station, the first security capability from the core-network network element. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the receiving, by the second base station, the first security capability from the core-network network element comprises:
receiving a third security capability from the core-network network element, wherein the third security capability comprises the first security capability and does not comprise the second security capability. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the second base station, a secondary base station addition request message to the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request message comprises the first security capability; receiving, by the second base station, a secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message sent by the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message comprises one or more algorithms selected by the third base station based on the first security capability; and sending, by the second base station, the selected one or more algorithms to the terminal. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the handover is performed via an interface between the first base station and the second base station, the interface between the first base station and the second base station is an X2 interface, the first security capability is a 5G (fifth generation) security capability and the second security capability is a 4G (fourth generation) security capability. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the core-network network element, the first security capability to a second base station during the handover. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, by the core-network network element, a path switch request message from the second base station, wherein the path switch request message comprises a second security capability; and in response to determining that the second security capability comprised in the path switch request message is inconsistent with one or more security capabilities stored in the core-network network element, sending, by the core-network network element, the first security capability to the second base station. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the sending, by the core-network network element, the first security capability to the second base station comprises:
sending a third security capability, by the core-network network element, to the second base station, wherein the third security capability comprises the first security capability and does not comprise the second security capability. 16. An apparatus for a base station, comprising at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing programming instructions for execution by the at least one processor, wherein the programming instructions instruct the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
during a handover from a first base station not supporting a first security capability of a terminal to the base station supporting the first security capability, receiving the first security capability from a core-network network element, wherein the handover is performed via an interface between the first base station and the base station; and sending the first security capability to a third base station supporting the first security capability to establish dual connections for the terminal, wherein the dual connections comprises a connection between the terminal and the base station, and a connection between the terminal and the third base station. 17. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
sending a path switch request message to the core-network network element, wherein the path switch request message comprises a second security capability. 18. The base station according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving the second security capability from the first base station during the handover; and after negotiating one or more security algorithms based on the second security capability with the terminal, receiving the first security capability from the core-network network element. 19. The base station according to claim 16, wherein the sending the first security capability to a third base station supporting the first security capability, to establish dual connections for the terminal comprises:
sending a secondary base station addition request message to the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request message comprises the first security capability; receiving a secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message sent by the third base station, wherein the secondary base station addition request acknowledgement message comprises one or more algorithms selected by the third base station based on the first security capability; and sending the selected one or more algorithms to the terminal. 20. The base station according to claim 17, wherein the interface between the first base station and the base station is an X2 interface the first security capability is a 5G (fifth generation) security capability and the second security capability is a 4G (fourth generation) security capability. | 2,400 |
345,899 | 16,804,307 | 2,412 | There is disclosed in one example a digital video camera, including: an analog picture element; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to digitize input from the analog picture element; a three-dimensional (3D) scanner; compiling logic to compile the digitized input into a video stream; and insertion logic to insert interstitial 3D scene data into the video stream. | 1. A digital video camera, comprising:
an analog picture element; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to digitize input from the analog picture element; a three-dimensional (3D) scanner; compiling logic to compile the digitized input into a video stream; and insertion logic to insert interstitial 3D scene data into the video stream. 2. The digital video camera of claim 1, further comprising a security module to assign an electronic digital signature to the video stream. 3. The digital video camera of claim 2, wherein the security module comprises a private encryption key. 4. The digital video camera of claim 3, wherein the private encryption key is hardware encoded. 5. The digital video camera of claim 2, wherein the security module uses a one-directional cryptographic hash. 6. The digital video camera of claim 2, wherein the security module is to encode a manufacturer identifier into the electronic digital signature. 7. The digital video camera of claim 2, wherein the security module is to encode a model identifier into the electronic digital signature. 8. The digital video camera of claim 1, wherein the compiling logic is to compress the video stream, including the use of key frames. 9. The digital video camera of claim 8, wherein the insertion logic is to insert 3D scene information for each key frame. 10. The digital video camera of claim 1, wherein the insertion logic is to insert interstitial 3D scene information every nth video frame, wherein n>1. 11. The digital video camera of claim 10, wherein n is a whole number. 12. The digital video camera of claim 1, wherein the insertion logic is to insert interstitial 3D scene information at regular time intervals. 13. The digital video camera of claim 12, wherein the interstitial 3D scene information comprises a low-polygon 3D model. 14. A video analyzer to detect deep fake videos, comprising:
a hardware platform comprising a processor and a memory; and a validation engine comprising instructions encoded within the memory to instruct the processor to:
receive a video for analysis, the video including a cryptographic signature;
validate the cryptographic signature;
identify three-dimensional (3D) scene data encoded within the video; and
assign the video a reputation for authenticity according to the 3D scene data. 15. The video analyzer of claim 14, wherein the 3D scene data are interstitial 3D scene data. 16. The video analyzer of claim 14, wherein the instructions are to assign the video a suspicious reputation if validating the cryptographic signature fails. 17. The video analyzer of claim 14, wherein validating the cryptographic signature comprises querying a trusted third-party signature authority. 18. The video analyzer of claim 14, wherein validating the cryptographic signature comprises computing a model identifier from the cryptographic signature, and determining whether the model identifier has 3D scene data capability. 19. A computer-implemented method of analyzing a video, comprising:
separating visible two-dimensional (2D) video of a first data track from interstitial three-dimensional (3D) scene data of a second data track; analyzing the 3D scene data for consistency; cryptographically validating a digital signature associated with the video; and assigning the video a reputation for authenticity according to the analyzing and the validating. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising assigning the video a suspicious reputation if validating the cryptographic signature fails. | There is disclosed in one example a digital video camera, including: an analog picture element; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to digitize input from the analog picture element; a three-dimensional (3D) scanner; compiling logic to compile the digitized input into a video stream; and insertion logic to insert interstitial 3D scene data into the video stream.1. A digital video camera, comprising:
an analog picture element; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to digitize input from the analog picture element; a three-dimensional (3D) scanner; compiling logic to compile the digitized input into a video stream; and insertion logic to insert interstitial 3D scene data into the video stream. 2. The digital video camera of claim 1, further comprising a security module to assign an electronic digital signature to the video stream. 3. The digital video camera of claim 2, wherein the security module comprises a private encryption key. 4. The digital video camera of claim 3, wherein the private encryption key is hardware encoded. 5. The digital video camera of claim 2, wherein the security module uses a one-directional cryptographic hash. 6. The digital video camera of claim 2, wherein the security module is to encode a manufacturer identifier into the electronic digital signature. 7. The digital video camera of claim 2, wherein the security module is to encode a model identifier into the electronic digital signature. 8. The digital video camera of claim 1, wherein the compiling logic is to compress the video stream, including the use of key frames. 9. The digital video camera of claim 8, wherein the insertion logic is to insert 3D scene information for each key frame. 10. The digital video camera of claim 1, wherein the insertion logic is to insert interstitial 3D scene information every nth video frame, wherein n>1. 11. The digital video camera of claim 10, wherein n is a whole number. 12. The digital video camera of claim 1, wherein the insertion logic is to insert interstitial 3D scene information at regular time intervals. 13. The digital video camera of claim 12, wherein the interstitial 3D scene information comprises a low-polygon 3D model. 14. A video analyzer to detect deep fake videos, comprising:
a hardware platform comprising a processor and a memory; and a validation engine comprising instructions encoded within the memory to instruct the processor to:
receive a video for analysis, the video including a cryptographic signature;
validate the cryptographic signature;
identify three-dimensional (3D) scene data encoded within the video; and
assign the video a reputation for authenticity according to the 3D scene data. 15. The video analyzer of claim 14, wherein the 3D scene data are interstitial 3D scene data. 16. The video analyzer of claim 14, wherein the instructions are to assign the video a suspicious reputation if validating the cryptographic signature fails. 17. The video analyzer of claim 14, wherein validating the cryptographic signature comprises querying a trusted third-party signature authority. 18. The video analyzer of claim 14, wherein validating the cryptographic signature comprises computing a model identifier from the cryptographic signature, and determining whether the model identifier has 3D scene data capability. 19. A computer-implemented method of analyzing a video, comprising:
separating visible two-dimensional (2D) video of a first data track from interstitial three-dimensional (3D) scene data of a second data track; analyzing the 3D scene data for consistency; cryptographically validating a digital signature associated with the video; and assigning the video a reputation for authenticity according to the analyzing and the validating. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising assigning the video a suspicious reputation if validating the cryptographic signature fails. | 2,400 |
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