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345,700 | 16,804,110 | 3,632 | A sealing device includes a seal member and a slinger. A labyrinth clearance is provided in a part of a clearance between the seal member and the slinger. The labyrinth clearance includes an outer clearance that opens toward the outside, a central clearance which is continuous with the outer clearance and of which a flow passage direction intersects with that of the outer clearance, and an inner clearance which is continuous with the central clearance and of which a flow passage direction intersects with that of the central clearance. An opening of the outer clearance has a dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 0.7 mm or smaller. The central clearance has a length of 3 mm or longer in the flow passage direction. The inner clearance has a clearance dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 1.0 mm or smaller. | 1. A sealing device comprising:
an annular seal member mounted on an outer member; and an annular slinger mounted on an inner member that rotates relatively to the outer member, wherein: a labyrinth clearance is provided in a part of a clearance between the annular seal member and the annular slinger; the labyrinth clearance includes an outer clearance that opens toward an outside, a central clearance which is continuous with the outer clearance and of which a flow passage direction intersects with a flow passage direction of the outer clearance, and an inner clearance which is continuous with the central clearance and of which a flow passage direction intersects with the flow passage direction of the central clearance; an opening of the outer clearance has a dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 0.7 mm or smaller; the central clearance has a length of 3 mm or longer in the flow passage direction; and the inner clearance has a clearance dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 1.0 mm or smaller. 2. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the central clearance has a clearance dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 1.0 mm or smaller. 3. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the inner clearance has a length of 2.5 mm or longer in the flow passage direction. 4. A rolling bearing device comprising:
an outer member; an inner member; a plurality of rolling elements provided between the outer member and the inner member; and a sealing device that prevents foreign objects from entering a bearing inner space which is between the outer member and the inner member and in which the rolling elements are provided, wherein the sealing device is the sealing device according to claim 1. | A sealing device includes a seal member and a slinger. A labyrinth clearance is provided in a part of a clearance between the seal member and the slinger. The labyrinth clearance includes an outer clearance that opens toward the outside, a central clearance which is continuous with the outer clearance and of which a flow passage direction intersects with that of the outer clearance, and an inner clearance which is continuous with the central clearance and of which a flow passage direction intersects with that of the central clearance. An opening of the outer clearance has a dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 0.7 mm or smaller. The central clearance has a length of 3 mm or longer in the flow passage direction. The inner clearance has a clearance dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 1.0 mm or smaller.1. A sealing device comprising:
an annular seal member mounted on an outer member; and an annular slinger mounted on an inner member that rotates relatively to the outer member, wherein: a labyrinth clearance is provided in a part of a clearance between the annular seal member and the annular slinger; the labyrinth clearance includes an outer clearance that opens toward an outside, a central clearance which is continuous with the outer clearance and of which a flow passage direction intersects with a flow passage direction of the outer clearance, and an inner clearance which is continuous with the central clearance and of which a flow passage direction intersects with the flow passage direction of the central clearance; an opening of the outer clearance has a dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 0.7 mm or smaller; the central clearance has a length of 3 mm or longer in the flow passage direction; and the inner clearance has a clearance dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 1.0 mm or smaller. 2. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the central clearance has a clearance dimension of 0.3 mm or larger and 1.0 mm or smaller. 3. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the inner clearance has a length of 2.5 mm or longer in the flow passage direction. 4. A rolling bearing device comprising:
an outer member; an inner member; a plurality of rolling elements provided between the outer member and the inner member; and a sealing device that prevents foreign objects from entering a bearing inner space which is between the outer member and the inner member and in which the rolling elements are provided, wherein the sealing device is the sealing device according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
345,701 | 16,804,106 | 3,632 | A method of suturing an abdominal cavity includes inserting a spool of suture in the abdominal cavity. The method also includes capturing a first portion of the suture and removing the first portion from the abdominal cavity. The method also includes capturing a second portion of the suture and removing the second portion from the abdominal cavity. The method also includes tying the first portion to the second portion outside of the abdominal cavity. | 1. A method of suturing an abdominal cavity, the method comprising:
inserting a spool of suture in the abdominal cavity; capturing a first portion of the suture and removing the first portion from the abdominal cavity; capturing a second portion of the suture and removing the second portion from the abdominal cavity; and tying the first portion to the second portion outside of the abdominal cavity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spool is retained in a clamshell body, the method further comprising inserting the clamshell body into the abdominal cavity. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising capturing the first portion of the suture in an eyelet of the clamshell body. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first portion of the suture is captured between the spool and a fixed end of the suture. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fixed end of the suture is fixed between a pair of free ends of the clamshell body positioned opposite a hinge of the clamshell body. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising capturing the second portion of the suture in the eyelet of the clamshell body. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second portion of the suture is captured between the fixed end and the first portion of the suture. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising capturing the first portion of the suture and the second portion of the suture with a suture grabber. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising inserting the suture grabber through an opening of a guide ring. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising positioning the guide ring outside of the abdominal cavity. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising inserting the suture grabber through a first opening of the guide ring to capture the first portion. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising inserting the suture grabber through a second opening of the guide ring to capture the second portion. 13. A method of suturing an abdominal cavity, the method comprising:
inserting a spool of suture in the abdominal cavity; positioning a guide ring outside of the abdominal cavity; inserting a suture grabber through a first of a plurality of openings in the guide ring to capture a first portion of the suture; removing the first portion from the abdominal cavity; inserting the suture grabber through a second of the plurality of openings in the guide ring to capture a second portion of the suture; removing the second portion from the abdominal cavity; and tying the first portion to the second portion outside of the abdominal cavity. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the spool is retained in a clamshell body, the method further comprising inserting the clamshell body into the abdominal cavity. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising capturing the first portion of the suture in an eyelet of the clamshell body. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first portion of the suture is captured between the spool and a fixed end of the suture. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the fixed end of the suture is fixed between a pair of free ends of the clamshell body positioned opposite a hinge of the clamshell body. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising capturing the second portion of the suture in the eyelet of the clamshell body. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second portion of the suture is captured between the fixed end and the first portion of the suture. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising inserting the suture grabber through a third opening of the plurality of openings of the guide ring to capture a third portion of the suture positioned between the spool and the second portion. | A method of suturing an abdominal cavity includes inserting a spool of suture in the abdominal cavity. The method also includes capturing a first portion of the suture and removing the first portion from the abdominal cavity. The method also includes capturing a second portion of the suture and removing the second portion from the abdominal cavity. The method also includes tying the first portion to the second portion outside of the abdominal cavity.1. A method of suturing an abdominal cavity, the method comprising:
inserting a spool of suture in the abdominal cavity; capturing a first portion of the suture and removing the first portion from the abdominal cavity; capturing a second portion of the suture and removing the second portion from the abdominal cavity; and tying the first portion to the second portion outside of the abdominal cavity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spool is retained in a clamshell body, the method further comprising inserting the clamshell body into the abdominal cavity. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising capturing the first portion of the suture in an eyelet of the clamshell body. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first portion of the suture is captured between the spool and a fixed end of the suture. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fixed end of the suture is fixed between a pair of free ends of the clamshell body positioned opposite a hinge of the clamshell body. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising capturing the second portion of the suture in the eyelet of the clamshell body. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second portion of the suture is captured between the fixed end and the first portion of the suture. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising capturing the first portion of the suture and the second portion of the suture with a suture grabber. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising inserting the suture grabber through an opening of a guide ring. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising positioning the guide ring outside of the abdominal cavity. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising inserting the suture grabber through a first opening of the guide ring to capture the first portion. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising inserting the suture grabber through a second opening of the guide ring to capture the second portion. 13. A method of suturing an abdominal cavity, the method comprising:
inserting a spool of suture in the abdominal cavity; positioning a guide ring outside of the abdominal cavity; inserting a suture grabber through a first of a plurality of openings in the guide ring to capture a first portion of the suture; removing the first portion from the abdominal cavity; inserting the suture grabber through a second of the plurality of openings in the guide ring to capture a second portion of the suture; removing the second portion from the abdominal cavity; and tying the first portion to the second portion outside of the abdominal cavity. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the spool is retained in a clamshell body, the method further comprising inserting the clamshell body into the abdominal cavity. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising capturing the first portion of the suture in an eyelet of the clamshell body. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first portion of the suture is captured between the spool and a fixed end of the suture. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the fixed end of the suture is fixed between a pair of free ends of the clamshell body positioned opposite a hinge of the clamshell body. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising capturing the second portion of the suture in the eyelet of the clamshell body. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second portion of the suture is captured between the fixed end and the first portion of the suture. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising inserting the suture grabber through a third opening of the plurality of openings of the guide ring to capture a third portion of the suture positioned between the spool and the second portion. | 3,600 |
345,702 | 16,804,112 | 3,632 | An engine includes a cylinder liner and a piston movable within the cylinder liner, a crevice formed between a top land of the piston and the cylinder liner, and an oil entry clearance formed between a top ring of the piston and the cylinder liner. The engine also includes an abnormal combustion inhibitor having an oil recapture surface exposed to the crevice and oriented to limit migration of oil from the crevice toward a combustion chamber in the engine. The abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a groove structure having as a substrate at least one of the cylinder liner or the piston. Related methodology is also disclosed. | 1. An engine comprising:
an engine housing; a cylinder liner supported in the engine housing and forming a combustion chamber; a piston movable between a top-dead-center (TDC) position and a bottom-dead-center (BDC) position in the cylinder liner, and including an upper piston surface forming a combustion face, a lower piston surface positioned for impingement by engine oil, a top piston ring, and a top land extending between the top piston ring and the upper piston surface; a crevice formed between the top land and the cylinder liner; an oil entry clearance formed between the top ring and the cylinder liner; and an abnormal combustion inhibitor including an oil recapture surface exposed to the crevice and oriented to limit migration of oil from the crevice toward the combustion chamber. 2. The engine of claim 1 wherein the piston defines a piston center axis, and the orientation of the oil recapture surface includes an axial orientation component and a radial orientation component. 3. The engine of claim 2 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a scraper supported in the cylinder liner and in contact with the top land at the TDC position of the piston. 4. The engine of claim 2 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a groove structure having as a substrate at least one of the cylinder liner or the piston. 5. The engine of claim 4 wherein the oil recapture surface includes a groove surface upon the piston and extending circumferentially around the piston center axis. 6. The engine of claim 5 wherein the oil recapture surface is one of a plurality of oil recapture surfaces of the abnormal combustion inhibitor arranged at a plurality of axial locations upon the top land. 7. The engine of claim 5 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes an overhang, and the groove surface is formed at least in part upon an underside of the overhang and has a profile that is recurving relative to the piston center axis. 8. The engine of claim 4 wherein the substrate of the groove structure includes both the piston and the cylinder liner. 9. The engine of claim 1 wherein the top piston ring includes an upper ring face that slopes radially outward and downward in a direction of the oil entry clearance. 10. A method of operating an engine comprising:
moving a piston in the engine between a bottom-dead-center (BDC) position (BDC) and a top-dead-center (TDC) position; combusting a mixture containing a gaseous fuel and air pressurized in the combustion chamber based on the moving of the piston between the BDC position and the TDC position; conveying oil into a crevice formed between a top land of the piston and the cylinder liner; impinging the oil conveyed into the crevice upon an oil recapture surface of an abnormal combustion inhibitor; and limiting migration of the oil from the crevice toward the combustion chamber based on the impingement of the oil upon an oil recapture surface, so as to inhibit abnormal combustion in the combustion chamber. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the conveying of the oil into the crevice includes conveying the oil through a clearance formed between a top ring of the piston and the cylinder liner. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising returning at least some of the oil to a sub-crevice volume based on the impingement of the oil upon the oil recapture surface. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the impinging of the oil upon the oil recapture surface includes impinging the oil upon a groove surface of a groove structure having the piston as a substrate. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein the groove surface is formed at least in part upon the underside of an overhang formed by the piston. 15. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising:
a piston body defining a piston center axis extending between a first axial piston body end including an upper piston surface forming a combustion face, and a second axial piston body end including a lower piston surface; the piston body further including a top ring groove extending circumferentially around the piston center axis, and a top land extending circumferentially around the piston center axis, and axially between the top ring groove and the combustion face; a top ring seated in the top ring groove and including an outer ring edge, and the outer ring edge is located radially outward of the top land, such that the piston is structured to form, together with an inner surface of a cylinder liner, a crevice extending circumferentially around the piston and radially outward from the top land, and an oil entry clearance to the crevice extending circumferentially around the top ring and radially outward from the outer ring edge; and the piston further including an abnormal combustion inhibitor having an oil recapture surface, the oil recapture surface being located axially between the top ring groove and the upper surface, and oriented according to an axial orientation component and a radial orientation component to limit migration of oil from the crevice toward a combustion chamber formed in part by the combustion face. 16. The piston of claim 15 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a groove structure, and the oil recapture surface includes a groove surface extending circumferentially around the top land. 17. The piston of claim 16 wherein the oil recapture surface is one of a plurality of oil recapture surfaces of the abnormal combustion inhibitor, each including a groove surface extending circumferentially around the top land, and arranged at a plurality of axial locations between the top piston ring and the combustion face. 18. The piston of claim 17 wherein the plurality of groove surfaces each have at least one of a groove depth or a groove width that is less than, respectively, a groove depth or a groove width, of the top ring groove. 19. The piston of claim 16 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes an overhang, and the groove surface is formed at least in part upon an underside of the overhang. 20. The piston of claim 19 wherein the groove surface has a profile that is recurving relative to the piston center axis. | An engine includes a cylinder liner and a piston movable within the cylinder liner, a crevice formed between a top land of the piston and the cylinder liner, and an oil entry clearance formed between a top ring of the piston and the cylinder liner. The engine also includes an abnormal combustion inhibitor having an oil recapture surface exposed to the crevice and oriented to limit migration of oil from the crevice toward a combustion chamber in the engine. The abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a groove structure having as a substrate at least one of the cylinder liner or the piston. Related methodology is also disclosed.1. An engine comprising:
an engine housing; a cylinder liner supported in the engine housing and forming a combustion chamber; a piston movable between a top-dead-center (TDC) position and a bottom-dead-center (BDC) position in the cylinder liner, and including an upper piston surface forming a combustion face, a lower piston surface positioned for impingement by engine oil, a top piston ring, and a top land extending between the top piston ring and the upper piston surface; a crevice formed between the top land and the cylinder liner; an oil entry clearance formed between the top ring and the cylinder liner; and an abnormal combustion inhibitor including an oil recapture surface exposed to the crevice and oriented to limit migration of oil from the crevice toward the combustion chamber. 2. The engine of claim 1 wherein the piston defines a piston center axis, and the orientation of the oil recapture surface includes an axial orientation component and a radial orientation component. 3. The engine of claim 2 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a scraper supported in the cylinder liner and in contact with the top land at the TDC position of the piston. 4. The engine of claim 2 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a groove structure having as a substrate at least one of the cylinder liner or the piston. 5. The engine of claim 4 wherein the oil recapture surface includes a groove surface upon the piston and extending circumferentially around the piston center axis. 6. The engine of claim 5 wherein the oil recapture surface is one of a plurality of oil recapture surfaces of the abnormal combustion inhibitor arranged at a plurality of axial locations upon the top land. 7. The engine of claim 5 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes an overhang, and the groove surface is formed at least in part upon an underside of the overhang and has a profile that is recurving relative to the piston center axis. 8. The engine of claim 4 wherein the substrate of the groove structure includes both the piston and the cylinder liner. 9. The engine of claim 1 wherein the top piston ring includes an upper ring face that slopes radially outward and downward in a direction of the oil entry clearance. 10. A method of operating an engine comprising:
moving a piston in the engine between a bottom-dead-center (BDC) position (BDC) and a top-dead-center (TDC) position; combusting a mixture containing a gaseous fuel and air pressurized in the combustion chamber based on the moving of the piston between the BDC position and the TDC position; conveying oil into a crevice formed between a top land of the piston and the cylinder liner; impinging the oil conveyed into the crevice upon an oil recapture surface of an abnormal combustion inhibitor; and limiting migration of the oil from the crevice toward the combustion chamber based on the impingement of the oil upon an oil recapture surface, so as to inhibit abnormal combustion in the combustion chamber. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the conveying of the oil into the crevice includes conveying the oil through a clearance formed between a top ring of the piston and the cylinder liner. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising returning at least some of the oil to a sub-crevice volume based on the impingement of the oil upon the oil recapture surface. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the impinging of the oil upon the oil recapture surface includes impinging the oil upon a groove surface of a groove structure having the piston as a substrate. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein the groove surface is formed at least in part upon the underside of an overhang formed by the piston. 15. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising:
a piston body defining a piston center axis extending between a first axial piston body end including an upper piston surface forming a combustion face, and a second axial piston body end including a lower piston surface; the piston body further including a top ring groove extending circumferentially around the piston center axis, and a top land extending circumferentially around the piston center axis, and axially between the top ring groove and the combustion face; a top ring seated in the top ring groove and including an outer ring edge, and the outer ring edge is located radially outward of the top land, such that the piston is structured to form, together with an inner surface of a cylinder liner, a crevice extending circumferentially around the piston and radially outward from the top land, and an oil entry clearance to the crevice extending circumferentially around the top ring and radially outward from the outer ring edge; and the piston further including an abnormal combustion inhibitor having an oil recapture surface, the oil recapture surface being located axially between the top ring groove and the upper surface, and oriented according to an axial orientation component and a radial orientation component to limit migration of oil from the crevice toward a combustion chamber formed in part by the combustion face. 16. The piston of claim 15 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes a groove structure, and the oil recapture surface includes a groove surface extending circumferentially around the top land. 17. The piston of claim 16 wherein the oil recapture surface is one of a plurality of oil recapture surfaces of the abnormal combustion inhibitor, each including a groove surface extending circumferentially around the top land, and arranged at a plurality of axial locations between the top piston ring and the combustion face. 18. The piston of claim 17 wherein the plurality of groove surfaces each have at least one of a groove depth or a groove width that is less than, respectively, a groove depth or a groove width, of the top ring groove. 19. The piston of claim 16 wherein the abnormal combustion inhibitor includes an overhang, and the groove surface is formed at least in part upon an underside of the overhang. 20. The piston of claim 19 wherein the groove surface has a profile that is recurving relative to the piston center axis. | 3,600 |
345,703 | 16,804,125 | 3,632 | A linear motor control apparatus for controlling at least one of torque, speed and position of a linear motor includes circuitry that receives at least one of a magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal, and imparts a high-frequency voltage to at least one of a d-axis and a q-axis and impart a load current to the q-axis based on the at least one of the magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal. The d-axis is an axis extending in a central direction of a stator tooth of a stator, and the q-axis is an axis extending in a direction offset 90 degrees from the central direction in an electrical angle. | 1. A linear motor control apparatus for controlling at least one of torque, speed and position of a linear motor, comprising:
circuitry configured to receive at least one of a magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal, and impart a high-frequency voltage to at least one of a d-axis and a q-axis and impart a load current to the q-axis based on the at least one of the magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal, wherein the d-axis is an axis extending in a central direction of a stator tooth of a stator, and the q-axis is an axis extending in a direction offset 90 degrees from the central direction in an electrical angle. 2. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the linear motor comprises the stator, and a mover comprising a mover iron core, a plurality of teeth formed in the mover iron core such that the plurality of teeth is protruding toward the stator, a plurality of field magnets positioned in the plurality of teeth, respectively, and a plurality of armature windings wound around the plurality of teeth respectively such that each of the armature windings is housed in a slot formed between adjoining teeth of the plurality of teeth, and the plurality of teeth includes at least one tooth having a first hole formed in the slot housing a respective one of the armature windings. 3. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the tooth is formed such that the first hole is formed at a position apart from an end of the tooth facing the stator. 4. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the mover iron core comprises two sub-teeth formed at end positions in a moving direction of the mover, respectively, such that the mover does not have the armature windings on the sub-teeth, and each of the teeth adjoining the sub-teeth has the first hole formed only in the slot on an opposite side with respect to a respective one of the sub-teeth. 5. The liner motor control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first hole of the tooth is formed such that a respective one of the field magnets in the tooth magnetically saturates the tooth at a position of the first hole when the armature winding is in a non-energized state and the tooth is facing a stator tooth formed in the stator in a magnetic gap direction. 6. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the mover iron core comprises a yoke connecting the plurality of teeth together and has a plurality of magnet insertion holes extending in the plurality of teeth toward the yoke in the magnetic gap direction such that the plurality of field magnets is positioned in the plurality of magnet insertion holes, respectively, and the yoke of the mover iron core is formed such that each of the magnet insertion holes has at least one second hole formed in the moving direction of the mover. 7. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second hole is formed in a respective one of the magnetic insertion holes such that the second hole is positioned at an end portion of the respective one of the magnetic insertion holes on an opposite side with respect to the stator. 8. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the teeth adjoining the sub-teeth have the magnet insertion holes formed such that each of the magnet insertion holes has the second hole formed only on the opposite side with respect to the respective one of the sub-teeth. 9. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the second hole of the tooth is formed such that the respective one of the field magnets magnetically saturates a portion of the tooth between the second hole and the first hole when the armature winding is in a non-magnetized state and the tooth is facing the stator tooth formed in the stator in the magnetic gap direction. 10. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first hole formed in the tooth is forming a thin tooth portion such that the thin tooth portion has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than a cross-sectional area of an end portion of the tooth facing the stator. 11. A linear motor control method for controlling at least one of torque, speed and position of a linear motor, comprising:
receiving at least one of a magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal; and imparting a high-frequency voltage to at least one of a d-axis and a q-axis and imparting a load current to the q-axis based on the at least one of the magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal, wherein the d-axis is an axis extending in a central direction of a stator tooth of a stator, and the q-axis is an axis extending in a direction offset 90 degrees from the central direction in an electrical angle. 12. The linear motor control method according to claim 11, wherein the linear motor comprises the stator, and a mover comprising a mover iron core, a plurality of teeth formed in the mover iron core such that the plurality of teeth is protruding toward the stator, a plurality of field magnets positioned in the plurality of teeth, respectively, and a plurality of armature windings wound around the plurality of teeth respectively such that each of the armature windings is housed in a slot formed between adjoining teeth of the plurality of teeth, and the plurality of teeth includes at least one tooth having a first hole formed in the slot housing a respective one of the armature windings. 13. The linear motor control method according to claim 12, wherein the tooth is formed such that the first hole is formed at a position apart from an end of the tooth facing the stator. 14. The linear motor control method according to claim 13, wherein the mover iron core comprises two sub-teeth formed at end positions in a moving direction of the mover, respectively, such that the mover does not have the armature windings on the sub-teeth, and each of the teeth adjoining the sub-teeth has the first hole formed only in the slot on an opposite side with respect to a respective one of the sub-teeth. 15. The liner motor control method according to claim 14, wherein the first hole of the tooth is formed such that a respective one of the field magnets in the tooth magnetically saturates the tooth at a position of the first hole when the armature winding is in a non-energized state and the tooth is facing a stator tooth formed in the stator in a magnetic gap direction. 16. The linear motor control method according to claim 15, wherein the mover iron core comprises a yoke connecting the plurality of teeth together and has a plurality of magnet insertion holes extending in the plurality of teeth toward the yoke in the magnetic gap direction such that the plurality of field magnets is positioned in the plurality of magnet insertion holes, respectively, and the yoke of the mover iron core is formed such that each of the magnet insertion holes has at least one second hole formed in the moving direction of the mover. 17. The linear motor control method according to claim 16, wherein the second hole is formed in a respective one of the magnetic insertion holes such that the second hole is positioned at an end portion of the respective one of the magnetic insertion holes on an opposite side with respect to the stator. 18. The linear motor control method according to claim 17, wherein the teeth adjoining the sub-teeth have the magnet insertion holes formed such that each of the magnet insertion holes has the second hole formed only on the opposite side with respect to the respective one of the sub-teeth. 19. The linear motor control method according to claim 18, wherein the second hole of the tooth is formed such that the respective one of the field magnets magnetically saturates a portion of the tooth between the second hole and the first hole when the armature winding is in a non-magnetized state and the tooth is facing the stator tooth formed in the stator in the magnetic gap direction. 20. The linear motor control method according to claim 12, wherein the first hole formed in the tooth is forming a thin tooth portion such that the thin tooth portion has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than a cross-sectional area of an end portion of the tooth facing the stator. | A linear motor control apparatus for controlling at least one of torque, speed and position of a linear motor includes circuitry that receives at least one of a magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal, and imparts a high-frequency voltage to at least one of a d-axis and a q-axis and impart a load current to the q-axis based on the at least one of the magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal. The d-axis is an axis extending in a central direction of a stator tooth of a stator, and the q-axis is an axis extending in a direction offset 90 degrees from the central direction in an electrical angle.1. A linear motor control apparatus for controlling at least one of torque, speed and position of a linear motor, comprising:
circuitry configured to receive at least one of a magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal, and impart a high-frequency voltage to at least one of a d-axis and a q-axis and impart a load current to the q-axis based on the at least one of the magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal, wherein the d-axis is an axis extending in a central direction of a stator tooth of a stator, and the q-axis is an axis extending in a direction offset 90 degrees from the central direction in an electrical angle. 2. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the linear motor comprises the stator, and a mover comprising a mover iron core, a plurality of teeth formed in the mover iron core such that the plurality of teeth is protruding toward the stator, a plurality of field magnets positioned in the plurality of teeth, respectively, and a plurality of armature windings wound around the plurality of teeth respectively such that each of the armature windings is housed in a slot formed between adjoining teeth of the plurality of teeth, and the plurality of teeth includes at least one tooth having a first hole formed in the slot housing a respective one of the armature windings. 3. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the tooth is formed such that the first hole is formed at a position apart from an end of the tooth facing the stator. 4. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the mover iron core comprises two sub-teeth formed at end positions in a moving direction of the mover, respectively, such that the mover does not have the armature windings on the sub-teeth, and each of the teeth adjoining the sub-teeth has the first hole formed only in the slot on an opposite side with respect to a respective one of the sub-teeth. 5. The liner motor control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first hole of the tooth is formed such that a respective one of the field magnets in the tooth magnetically saturates the tooth at a position of the first hole when the armature winding is in a non-energized state and the tooth is facing a stator tooth formed in the stator in a magnetic gap direction. 6. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the mover iron core comprises a yoke connecting the plurality of teeth together and has a plurality of magnet insertion holes extending in the plurality of teeth toward the yoke in the magnetic gap direction such that the plurality of field magnets is positioned in the plurality of magnet insertion holes, respectively, and the yoke of the mover iron core is formed such that each of the magnet insertion holes has at least one second hole formed in the moving direction of the mover. 7. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second hole is formed in a respective one of the magnetic insertion holes such that the second hole is positioned at an end portion of the respective one of the magnetic insertion holes on an opposite side with respect to the stator. 8. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the teeth adjoining the sub-teeth have the magnet insertion holes formed such that each of the magnet insertion holes has the second hole formed only on the opposite side with respect to the respective one of the sub-teeth. 9. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the second hole of the tooth is formed such that the respective one of the field magnets magnetically saturates a portion of the tooth between the second hole and the first hole when the armature winding is in a non-magnetized state and the tooth is facing the stator tooth formed in the stator in the magnetic gap direction. 10. The linear motor control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first hole formed in the tooth is forming a thin tooth portion such that the thin tooth portion has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than a cross-sectional area of an end portion of the tooth facing the stator. 11. A linear motor control method for controlling at least one of torque, speed and position of a linear motor, comprising:
receiving at least one of a magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal; and imparting a high-frequency voltage to at least one of a d-axis and a q-axis and imparting a load current to the q-axis based on the at least one of the magnetic pole position value, torque command signal, and speed command signal, wherein the d-axis is an axis extending in a central direction of a stator tooth of a stator, and the q-axis is an axis extending in a direction offset 90 degrees from the central direction in an electrical angle. 12. The linear motor control method according to claim 11, wherein the linear motor comprises the stator, and a mover comprising a mover iron core, a plurality of teeth formed in the mover iron core such that the plurality of teeth is protruding toward the stator, a plurality of field magnets positioned in the plurality of teeth, respectively, and a plurality of armature windings wound around the plurality of teeth respectively such that each of the armature windings is housed in a slot formed between adjoining teeth of the plurality of teeth, and the plurality of teeth includes at least one tooth having a first hole formed in the slot housing a respective one of the armature windings. 13. The linear motor control method according to claim 12, wherein the tooth is formed such that the first hole is formed at a position apart from an end of the tooth facing the stator. 14. The linear motor control method according to claim 13, wherein the mover iron core comprises two sub-teeth formed at end positions in a moving direction of the mover, respectively, such that the mover does not have the armature windings on the sub-teeth, and each of the teeth adjoining the sub-teeth has the first hole formed only in the slot on an opposite side with respect to a respective one of the sub-teeth. 15. The liner motor control method according to claim 14, wherein the first hole of the tooth is formed such that a respective one of the field magnets in the tooth magnetically saturates the tooth at a position of the first hole when the armature winding is in a non-energized state and the tooth is facing a stator tooth formed in the stator in a magnetic gap direction. 16. The linear motor control method according to claim 15, wherein the mover iron core comprises a yoke connecting the plurality of teeth together and has a plurality of magnet insertion holes extending in the plurality of teeth toward the yoke in the magnetic gap direction such that the plurality of field magnets is positioned in the plurality of magnet insertion holes, respectively, and the yoke of the mover iron core is formed such that each of the magnet insertion holes has at least one second hole formed in the moving direction of the mover. 17. The linear motor control method according to claim 16, wherein the second hole is formed in a respective one of the magnetic insertion holes such that the second hole is positioned at an end portion of the respective one of the magnetic insertion holes on an opposite side with respect to the stator. 18. The linear motor control method according to claim 17, wherein the teeth adjoining the sub-teeth have the magnet insertion holes formed such that each of the magnet insertion holes has the second hole formed only on the opposite side with respect to the respective one of the sub-teeth. 19. The linear motor control method according to claim 18, wherein the second hole of the tooth is formed such that the respective one of the field magnets magnetically saturates a portion of the tooth between the second hole and the first hole when the armature winding is in a non-magnetized state and the tooth is facing the stator tooth formed in the stator in the magnetic gap direction. 20. The linear motor control method according to claim 12, wherein the first hole formed in the tooth is forming a thin tooth portion such that the thin tooth portion has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than a cross-sectional area of an end portion of the tooth facing the stator. | 3,600 |
345,704 | 16,804,103 | 3,632 | An approach is provided for optimizing data fetching. A query employing a method to fetch data from a JSON document is received. An amount of time required to execute the query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data are determined. Based on the amount of time and the number of nested layers, a cost associated with an execution of the query is calculated. The cost is determined to exceed a threshold value. Responsive to the determination that the cost exceeds the threshold value and using historical query patterns and historical query execution times, a schema of the JSON document is re-designed. The data is fetched from the JSON document using the re-designed schema. | 1. A method of optimizing data fetching, the method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors, a query employing a method to fetch data from a JSON document; determining, by the one or more processors, an amount of time required to execute the query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data; based on the amount of time required to execute the query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data, calculating, by the one or more processors, a cost associated with an execution of the query; determining, by the one or more processors, that the cost exceeds a threshold value; responsive to the determining that the cost exceeds the threshold value and using historical query patterns and historical query execution times, re-designing, by the one or more processors, a schema of the JSON document; and fetching, by the one or more processors, the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema of the JSON document. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the one or more processors, a second query employing the method or another method to fetch data from a second JSON document; determining, by the one or more processors, an amount of time required to execute the second query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the second JSON document required to fetch the data from the second JSON document; based on the amount of time required to execute the second query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data from the second JSON document, calculating, by the one or more processors, a cost associated with an execution of the second query; determining, by the one or more processors, that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value; responsive to the determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value, determining, by the one or more processors, that a complexity of a schema of the second JSON document exceeds a complexity threshold; responsive to the determining that the complexity of the schema of the second JSON document exceeds the complexity threshold and using the historical query patterns and the historical query execution times, designing, by the one or more processors, a new schema of the second JSON document; and fetching, by the one or more processors, the data from the second JSON document using the new schema of the second JSON document. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the one or more processors, a recommendation for fetching the data using the re-designed schema of the JSON document; receiving, by the one or more processors, an acceptance of the recommendation from a computing device operated by a user, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document is performed in response to the receiving the acceptance of the recommendation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema is performed more quickly than a fetch of the data from JSON document using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema avoids a fetch of additional data that is included in an execution of the query using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
prior to the receiving the query, storing, in a data repository and by the one or more processors, the schema of the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, storing, in the data repository and by the one or more processors, queries that were previously executed to fetch data items from the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, storing, in the data repository and by the one or more processors, execution times of the queries; prior to the receiving the query, storing, in the data repository and by the one or more processors, paths used by the queries to traverse the JSON document to fetch the data items; and subsequent to receiving the query, retrieving, by the one or more processors, the stored schema, queries, execution times, and paths, wherein the re-designing the schema of the JSON document is based on the retrieved schema, queries, execution times, and paths. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema traverses a number of layers in the re-designed schema that is less than a number of layers traversed in an original schema of the JSON document for a fetch of the data from the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing at least one support service for at least one of creating, integrating, hosting, maintaining, and deploying computer readable program code in the computer, the program code being executed by a processor of the computer to implement the receiving the query, determining the amount of time required to execute the query and the number of nested layers in the traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data, calculating the cost associated with the execution of the query, determining that the cost exceeds the threshold value, re-designing the schema of the JSON document, and fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code stored on the computer readable storage medium, the computer readable program code being executed by a central processing unit (CPU) of a computer system to cause the computer system to perform a method comprising the steps of:
the computer system receiving a query employing a method to fetch data from a JSON document;
the computer system determining an amount of time required to execute the query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data;
based on the amount of time required to execute the query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data, the computer system calculating a cost associated with an execution of the query;
the computer system determining that the cost exceeds a threshold value;
responsive to the determining that the cost exceeds the threshold value and using historical query patterns and historical query execution times, the computer system re-designing a schema of the JSON document; and
the computer system fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema of the JSON document. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
the computer system receiving a second query employing the method or another method to fetch data from a second JSON document; the computer system determining an amount of time required to execute the second query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the second JSON document required to fetch the data from the second JSON document; based on the amount of time required to execute the second query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data from the second JSON document, the computer system calculating a cost associated with an execution of the second query; the computer system determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value; responsive to the determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value, the computer system determining that a complexity of a schema of the second JSON document exceeds a complexity threshold; responsive to the determining that the complexity of the schema of the second JSON document exceeds the complexity threshold and using the historical query patterns and the historical query execution times, the computer system designing a new schema of the second JSON document; and the computer system fetching the data from the second JSON document using the new schema of the second JSON document. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
the computer system generating a recommendation for fetching the data using the re-designed schema of the JSON document; the computer system receiving an acceptance of the recommendation from a computing device operated by a user, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document is performed in response to the receiving the acceptance of the recommendation. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema is performed more quickly than a fetch of the data from JSON document using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 13. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema avoids a fetch of additional data that is included in an execution of the query using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in a data repository the schema of the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository queries that were previously executed to fetch data items from the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository execution times of the queries; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository paths used by the queries to traverse the JSON document to fetch the data items; and subsequent to receiving the query, the computer system retrieving the stored schema, queries, execution times, and paths, wherein the re-designing the schema of the JSON document is based on the retrieved schema, queries, execution times, and paths. 15. A computer system comprising:
a central processing unit (CPU); a memory coupled to the CPU; and a computer readable storage medium coupled to the CPU, the computer readable storage medium containing instructions that are executed by the CPU via the memory to implement a method comprising the steps of:
the computer system receiving a query employing a method to fetch data from a JSON document;
the computer system determining an amount of time required to execute the query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data;
based on the amount of time required to execute the query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data, the computer system calculating a cost associated with an execution of the query;
the computer system determining that the cost exceeds a threshold value;
responsive to the determining that the cost exceeds the threshold value and using historical query patterns and historical query execution times, the computer system re-designing a schema of the JSON document; and
the computer system fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema of the JSON document. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
the computer system receiving a second query employing the method or another method to fetch data from a second JSON document; the computer system determining an amount of time required to execute the second query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the second JSON document required to fetch the data from the second JSON document; based on the amount of time required to execute the second query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data from the second JSON document, the computer system calculating a cost associated with an execution of the second query; the computer system determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value; responsive to the determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value, the computer system determining that a complexity of a schema of the second JSON document exceeds a complexity threshold; responsive to the determining that the complexity of the schema of the second JSON document exceeds the complexity threshold and using the historical query patterns and the historical query execution times, the computer system designing a new schema of the second JSON document; and the computer system fetching the data from the second JSON document using the new schema of the second JSON document. 17. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
the computer system generating a recommendation for fetching the data using the re-designed schema of the JSON document; the computer system receiving an acceptance of the recommendation from a computing device operated by a user, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document is performed in response to the receiving the acceptance of the recommendation. 18. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema is performed more quickly than a fetch of the data from JSON document using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 19. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema avoids a fetch of additional data that is included in an execution of the query using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 20. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in a data repository the schema of the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository queries that were previously executed to fetch data items from the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository execution times of the queries; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository paths used by the queries to traverse the JSON document to fetch the data items; and subsequent to receiving the query, the computer system retrieving the stored schema, queries, execution times, and paths, wherein the re-designing the schema of the JSON document is based on the retrieved schema, queries, execution times, and paths. | An approach is provided for optimizing data fetching. A query employing a method to fetch data from a JSON document is received. An amount of time required to execute the query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data are determined. Based on the amount of time and the number of nested layers, a cost associated with an execution of the query is calculated. The cost is determined to exceed a threshold value. Responsive to the determination that the cost exceeds the threshold value and using historical query patterns and historical query execution times, a schema of the JSON document is re-designed. The data is fetched from the JSON document using the re-designed schema.1. A method of optimizing data fetching, the method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors, a query employing a method to fetch data from a JSON document; determining, by the one or more processors, an amount of time required to execute the query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data; based on the amount of time required to execute the query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data, calculating, by the one or more processors, a cost associated with an execution of the query; determining, by the one or more processors, that the cost exceeds a threshold value; responsive to the determining that the cost exceeds the threshold value and using historical query patterns and historical query execution times, re-designing, by the one or more processors, a schema of the JSON document; and fetching, by the one or more processors, the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema of the JSON document. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the one or more processors, a second query employing the method or another method to fetch data from a second JSON document; determining, by the one or more processors, an amount of time required to execute the second query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the second JSON document required to fetch the data from the second JSON document; based on the amount of time required to execute the second query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data from the second JSON document, calculating, by the one or more processors, a cost associated with an execution of the second query; determining, by the one or more processors, that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value; responsive to the determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value, determining, by the one or more processors, that a complexity of a schema of the second JSON document exceeds a complexity threshold; responsive to the determining that the complexity of the schema of the second JSON document exceeds the complexity threshold and using the historical query patterns and the historical query execution times, designing, by the one or more processors, a new schema of the second JSON document; and fetching, by the one or more processors, the data from the second JSON document using the new schema of the second JSON document. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the one or more processors, a recommendation for fetching the data using the re-designed schema of the JSON document; receiving, by the one or more processors, an acceptance of the recommendation from a computing device operated by a user, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document is performed in response to the receiving the acceptance of the recommendation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema is performed more quickly than a fetch of the data from JSON document using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema avoids a fetch of additional data that is included in an execution of the query using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
prior to the receiving the query, storing, in a data repository and by the one or more processors, the schema of the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, storing, in the data repository and by the one or more processors, queries that were previously executed to fetch data items from the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, storing, in the data repository and by the one or more processors, execution times of the queries; prior to the receiving the query, storing, in the data repository and by the one or more processors, paths used by the queries to traverse the JSON document to fetch the data items; and subsequent to receiving the query, retrieving, by the one or more processors, the stored schema, queries, execution times, and paths, wherein the re-designing the schema of the JSON document is based on the retrieved schema, queries, execution times, and paths. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema traverses a number of layers in the re-designed schema that is less than a number of layers traversed in an original schema of the JSON document for a fetch of the data from the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing at least one support service for at least one of creating, integrating, hosting, maintaining, and deploying computer readable program code in the computer, the program code being executed by a processor of the computer to implement the receiving the query, determining the amount of time required to execute the query and the number of nested layers in the traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data, calculating the cost associated with the execution of the query, determining that the cost exceeds the threshold value, re-designing the schema of the JSON document, and fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code stored on the computer readable storage medium, the computer readable program code being executed by a central processing unit (CPU) of a computer system to cause the computer system to perform a method comprising the steps of:
the computer system receiving a query employing a method to fetch data from a JSON document;
the computer system determining an amount of time required to execute the query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data;
based on the amount of time required to execute the query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data, the computer system calculating a cost associated with an execution of the query;
the computer system determining that the cost exceeds a threshold value;
responsive to the determining that the cost exceeds the threshold value and using historical query patterns and historical query execution times, the computer system re-designing a schema of the JSON document; and
the computer system fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema of the JSON document. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
the computer system receiving a second query employing the method or another method to fetch data from a second JSON document; the computer system determining an amount of time required to execute the second query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the second JSON document required to fetch the data from the second JSON document; based on the amount of time required to execute the second query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data from the second JSON document, the computer system calculating a cost associated with an execution of the second query; the computer system determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value; responsive to the determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value, the computer system determining that a complexity of a schema of the second JSON document exceeds a complexity threshold; responsive to the determining that the complexity of the schema of the second JSON document exceeds the complexity threshold and using the historical query patterns and the historical query execution times, the computer system designing a new schema of the second JSON document; and the computer system fetching the data from the second JSON document using the new schema of the second JSON document. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
the computer system generating a recommendation for fetching the data using the re-designed schema of the JSON document; the computer system receiving an acceptance of the recommendation from a computing device operated by a user, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document is performed in response to the receiving the acceptance of the recommendation. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema is performed more quickly than a fetch of the data from JSON document using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 13. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema avoids a fetch of additional data that is included in an execution of the query using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in a data repository the schema of the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository queries that were previously executed to fetch data items from the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository execution times of the queries; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository paths used by the queries to traverse the JSON document to fetch the data items; and subsequent to receiving the query, the computer system retrieving the stored schema, queries, execution times, and paths, wherein the re-designing the schema of the JSON document is based on the retrieved schema, queries, execution times, and paths. 15. A computer system comprising:
a central processing unit (CPU); a memory coupled to the CPU; and a computer readable storage medium coupled to the CPU, the computer readable storage medium containing instructions that are executed by the CPU via the memory to implement a method comprising the steps of:
the computer system receiving a query employing a method to fetch data from a JSON document;
the computer system determining an amount of time required to execute the query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the JSON document required to fetch the data;
based on the amount of time required to execute the query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data, the computer system calculating a cost associated with an execution of the query;
the computer system determining that the cost exceeds a threshold value;
responsive to the determining that the cost exceeds the threshold value and using historical query patterns and historical query execution times, the computer system re-designing a schema of the JSON document; and
the computer system fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema of the JSON document. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
the computer system receiving a second query employing the method or another method to fetch data from a second JSON document; the computer system determining an amount of time required to execute the second query and a number of nested layers in a traversal of the second JSON document required to fetch the data from the second JSON document; based on the amount of time required to execute the second query and the number of nested layers in the traversal required to fetch the data from the second JSON document, the computer system calculating a cost associated with an execution of the second query; the computer system determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value; responsive to the determining that the cost associated with the execution of the second query exceeds the threshold value, the computer system determining that a complexity of a schema of the second JSON document exceeds a complexity threshold; responsive to the determining that the complexity of the schema of the second JSON document exceeds the complexity threshold and using the historical query patterns and the historical query execution times, the computer system designing a new schema of the second JSON document; and the computer system fetching the data from the second JSON document using the new schema of the second JSON document. 17. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
the computer system generating a recommendation for fetching the data using the re-designed schema of the JSON document; the computer system receiving an acceptance of the recommendation from a computing device operated by a user, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document is performed in response to the receiving the acceptance of the recommendation. 18. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema is performed more quickly than a fetch of the data from JSON document using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 19. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the fetching the data from the JSON document using the re-designed schema avoids a fetch of additional data that is included in an execution of the query using the schema of the JSON document prior to the re-designing the schema. 20. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in a data repository the schema of the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository queries that were previously executed to fetch data items from the JSON document; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository execution times of the queries; prior to the receiving the query, the computer system storing in the data repository paths used by the queries to traverse the JSON document to fetch the data items; and subsequent to receiving the query, the computer system retrieving the stored schema, queries, execution times, and paths, wherein the re-designing the schema of the JSON document is based on the retrieved schema, queries, execution times, and paths. | 3,600 |
345,705 | 16,804,137 | 3,632 | An exemplary method to determine an airspeed and an angle of attack of a propeller powered vehicle includes determining the power delivered to the propeller, the air density, a propeller power coefficient, an advance ratio for the propeller, and the airspeed using the advance ratio and determining the angle of attack using the airspeed. | 1. A method to determine an airspeed of a propeller powered vehicle, the method comprising:
determining power delivered to the propeller; determining air density; determining a propeller power coefficient; determining an advance ratio for the propeller; and determining the airspeed using the advance ratio. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the airspeed is determined without the use of a pitot-static probe. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the airspeed is a true airspeed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the propeller has a fixed pitch. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the propeller is driven by a motor and the power delivered is determined from a voltage and current applied to the motor. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining the power delivered comprises applying a motor efficiency. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the propeller power coefficient comprises using the power delivered. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the advance ratio comprises matching the propeller power coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing propeller power coefficients to advance ratios for the propeller. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the airspeed is a true airspeed and the determining the airspeed comprises multiplying the advance ratio with a propeller rotational speed and a propeller diameter. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising, during flight, determining an angle-of-attack (AOA) of the vehicle using the airspeed. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining the AOA comprises determining a dynamic pressure from the airspeed. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining the AOA comprises determining a dynamic pressure from the airspeed;
determining a body normal coefficient; and using the body normal coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing body normal coefficients to angles of attack. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the body normal coefficient is determined from a body-fixed load measurement and the dynamic pressure. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the body-fixed load measurement is obtained from an accelerometer. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the propeller has a fixed pitch;
the power delivered is determined from a voltage and a current applied to a motor driving the propeller; the propeller power coefficient is calculated using the power delivered and the air density; the determining the advance ratio comprises matching the propeller power coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing propeller power coefficients to advance ratios for the propeller; and the determining the airspeed comprises multiplying the advance ratio with a propeller rotational speed and a propeller diameter. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the determining the AOA comprises determining a dynamic pressure from the airspeed;
determining a body normal coefficient; and using the body normal coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing body normal coefficients to angles of attack. 17. A method of determining an angle-of-attack (AOA) of a propeller powered vehicle, the method comprising:
determining an airspeed of the vehicle; determining a dynamic pressure from the airspeed; determining a body normal coefficient; and determining the AOA by using the body normal coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing body normal coefficients to angles of attack. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the body normal coefficient is determined from a body-fixed load measurement and the dynamic pressure. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the body-fixed load measurement is obtained from an accelerometer. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising determining a body normal force using a body-fixed load measurement and a weight of the vehicle; and
using the body normal force and the dynamic pressure to determine the body normal coefficient. | An exemplary method to determine an airspeed and an angle of attack of a propeller powered vehicle includes determining the power delivered to the propeller, the air density, a propeller power coefficient, an advance ratio for the propeller, and the airspeed using the advance ratio and determining the angle of attack using the airspeed.1. A method to determine an airspeed of a propeller powered vehicle, the method comprising:
determining power delivered to the propeller; determining air density; determining a propeller power coefficient; determining an advance ratio for the propeller; and determining the airspeed using the advance ratio. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the airspeed is determined without the use of a pitot-static probe. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the airspeed is a true airspeed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the propeller has a fixed pitch. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the propeller is driven by a motor and the power delivered is determined from a voltage and current applied to the motor. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining the power delivered comprises applying a motor efficiency. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the propeller power coefficient comprises using the power delivered. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the advance ratio comprises matching the propeller power coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing propeller power coefficients to advance ratios for the propeller. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the airspeed is a true airspeed and the determining the airspeed comprises multiplying the advance ratio with a propeller rotational speed and a propeller diameter. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising, during flight, determining an angle-of-attack (AOA) of the vehicle using the airspeed. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining the AOA comprises determining a dynamic pressure from the airspeed. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining the AOA comprises determining a dynamic pressure from the airspeed;
determining a body normal coefficient; and using the body normal coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing body normal coefficients to angles of attack. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the body normal coefficient is determined from a body-fixed load measurement and the dynamic pressure. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the body-fixed load measurement is obtained from an accelerometer. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the propeller has a fixed pitch;
the power delivered is determined from a voltage and a current applied to a motor driving the propeller; the propeller power coefficient is calculated using the power delivered and the air density; the determining the advance ratio comprises matching the propeller power coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing propeller power coefficients to advance ratios for the propeller; and the determining the airspeed comprises multiplying the advance ratio with a propeller rotational speed and a propeller diameter. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the determining the AOA comprises determining a dynamic pressure from the airspeed;
determining a body normal coefficient; and using the body normal coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing body normal coefficients to angles of attack. 17. A method of determining an angle-of-attack (AOA) of a propeller powered vehicle, the method comprising:
determining an airspeed of the vehicle; determining a dynamic pressure from the airspeed; determining a body normal coefficient; and determining the AOA by using the body normal coefficient on a lookup curve of a plot comparing body normal coefficients to angles of attack. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the body normal coefficient is determined from a body-fixed load measurement and the dynamic pressure. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the body-fixed load measurement is obtained from an accelerometer. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising determining a body normal force using a body-fixed load measurement and a weight of the vehicle; and
using the body normal force and the dynamic pressure to determine the body normal coefficient. | 3,600 |
345,706 | 16,804,150 | 3,632 | A tile replacement flashing is used with a tile hook. A bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof. A top tile replacement flashing is shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof. The top tile replacement flashing includes an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing, the elevated region. The bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards. The top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing. A height of the elevated region is sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. | 1. A tile hook replacement flashing system, comprising:
a tile hook; a bottom tile replacement flashing; shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof; and a top tile replacement flashing, shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof, the top tile replacement flashing including an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and wherein the top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 2. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof, the lower edge having a notch sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 3. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 4. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 5. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 4, wherein an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing are fabricated in a flat shape. 6. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 7. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 6, wherein an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing are fabricated in a flat shape. 8. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; and wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots, so that when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots and are flattened down to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. 9. A tile replacement flashing for use with a tile hook, comprising:
a bottom tile replacement flashing; shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof; and a top tile replacement flashing, shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof, the top tile replacement flashing including an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and wherein the top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 10. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof, the lower edge having a notch sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 11. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 12. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 13. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 14. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; and wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots, so that when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots and are flattened down to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. 15. A method for placing a tile hook on a roof, the method comprising:
removing a tile from the roof; placing a bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof on a lower portion of a location where the tile was removed from a roof; attaching the tile hook to a rafter of the roof so that the attached tile hook extends over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and placing a top tile replacement flashing on the roof so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of an elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 16. A method as in claim 15:
wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof; and wherein the method additional comprises:
placing a notch that is sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 17. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 18. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 19. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 20. A method as in claim 15:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots; and wherein when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots; and wherein the method additionally comprises:
flattening down the two tabs to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. | A tile replacement flashing is used with a tile hook. A bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof. A top tile replacement flashing is shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof. The top tile replacement flashing includes an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing, the elevated region. The bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards. The top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing. A height of the elevated region is sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing.1. A tile hook replacement flashing system, comprising:
a tile hook; a bottom tile replacement flashing; shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof; and a top tile replacement flashing, shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof, the top tile replacement flashing including an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and wherein the top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 2. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof, the lower edge having a notch sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 3. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 4. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 5. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 4, wherein an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing are fabricated in a flat shape. 6. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 7. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 6, wherein an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing are fabricated in a flat shape. 8. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; and wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots, so that when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots and are flattened down to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. 9. A tile replacement flashing for use with a tile hook, comprising:
a bottom tile replacement flashing; shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof; and a top tile replacement flashing, shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof, the top tile replacement flashing including an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and wherein the top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 10. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof, the lower edge having a notch sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 11. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 12. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 13. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 14. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; and wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots, so that when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots and are flattened down to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. 15. A method for placing a tile hook on a roof, the method comprising:
removing a tile from the roof; placing a bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof on a lower portion of a location where the tile was removed from a roof; attaching the tile hook to a rafter of the roof so that the attached tile hook extends over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and placing a top tile replacement flashing on the roof so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of an elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 16. A method as in claim 15:
wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof; and wherein the method additional comprises:
placing a notch that is sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 17. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 18. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 19. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 20. A method as in claim 15:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots; and wherein when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots; and wherein the method additionally comprises:
flattening down the two tabs to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. | 3,600 |
345,707 | 16,804,140 | 3,632 | A tile replacement flashing is used with a tile hook. A bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof. A top tile replacement flashing is shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof. The top tile replacement flashing includes an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing, the elevated region. The bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards. The top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing. A height of the elevated region is sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. | 1. A tile hook replacement flashing system, comprising:
a tile hook; a bottom tile replacement flashing; shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof; and a top tile replacement flashing, shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof, the top tile replacement flashing including an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and wherein the top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 2. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof, the lower edge having a notch sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 3. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 4. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 5. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 4, wherein an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing are fabricated in a flat shape. 6. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 7. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 6, wherein an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing are fabricated in a flat shape. 8. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; and wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots, so that when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots and are flattened down to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. 9. A tile replacement flashing for use with a tile hook, comprising:
a bottom tile replacement flashing; shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof; and a top tile replacement flashing, shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof, the top tile replacement flashing including an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and wherein the top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 10. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof, the lower edge having a notch sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 11. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 12. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 13. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 14. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; and wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots, so that when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots and are flattened down to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. 15. A method for placing a tile hook on a roof, the method comprising:
removing a tile from the roof; placing a bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof on a lower portion of a location where the tile was removed from a roof; attaching the tile hook to a rafter of the roof so that the attached tile hook extends over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and placing a top tile replacement flashing on the roof so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of an elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 16. A method as in claim 15:
wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof; and wherein the method additional comprises:
placing a notch that is sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 17. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 18. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 19. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 20. A method as in claim 15:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots; and wherein when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots; and wherein the method additionally comprises:
flattening down the two tabs to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. | A tile replacement flashing is used with a tile hook. A bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof. A top tile replacement flashing is shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof. The top tile replacement flashing includes an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing, the elevated region. The bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards. The top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing. A height of the elevated region is sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing.1. A tile hook replacement flashing system, comprising:
a tile hook; a bottom tile replacement flashing; shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof; and a top tile replacement flashing, shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof, the top tile replacement flashing including an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and wherein the top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 2. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof, the lower edge having a notch sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 3. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 4. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 5. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 4, wherein an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing are fabricated in a flat shape. 6. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 7. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 6, wherein an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing are fabricated in a flat shape. 8. A tile hook replacement flashing system as in claim 1:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; and wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots, so that when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots and are flattened down to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. 9. A tile replacement flashing for use with a tile hook, comprising:
a bottom tile replacement flashing; shaped for placement on a lower portion of a location where a tile is removed from a roof; and a top tile replacement flashing, shaped for placement on an upper portion of a location where the tile is removed from the roof, the top tile replacement flashing including an elevated region at a lower portion of the top tile replacement flashing; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof, the tile hook can be attached to a rafter of the roof, the attached tile hook extending over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and having a portion that, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and wherein the top tile replacement flashing is shaped so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 10. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof, the lower edge having a notch sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 11. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 12. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 13. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 14. A tile replacement flashing as in claim 9:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; and wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots, so that when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots and are flattened down to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. 15. A method for placing a tile hook on a roof, the method comprising:
removing a tile from the roof; placing a bottom tile replacement flashing on the roof on a lower portion of a location where the tile was removed from a roof; attaching the tile hook to a rafter of the roof so that the attached tile hook extends over an upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing and, past the upper portion of the bottom tile replacement flashing, extends upwards; and placing a top tile replacement flashing on the roof so that after attachment of the top tile replacement flashing on the roof, at least part of an elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing extends over the bottom tile replacement flashing, a height of the elevated region being sufficient to allow room for the tile hook to extend over the bottom tile replacement flashing and under the elevated region of top tile replacement flashing. 16. A method as in claim 15:
wherein the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing has a lower edge that extends down towards the roof; and wherein the method additional comprises:
placing a notch that is sized and at a location to allow the tile hook to extend out from under the elevated region of the top tile replacement flashing before the attached tile hook extends upward. 17. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a flat tile on a flat tile roof. 18. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace an S-tile on an S-tile roof. 19. A method as in claim 15, wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing and the top tile replacement flashing are shaped to replace a W-tile on a W-tile roof. 20. A method as in claim 15:
wherein the top tile replacement flashing includes two slots; wherein the bottom tile replacement flashing includes two tabs located on the bottom tile replacement to align with the two slots; and wherein when the top tile replacement flashing is placed on the roof, the two tabs extend through the two slots; and wherein the method additionally comprises:
flattening down the two tabs to secure the top tile replacement flashing to the bottom tile replacement flashing. | 3,600 |
345,708 | 16,804,118 | 3,632 | A chuck for a power tool includes a body extending along a longitudinal axis, a central bore extending along the longitudinal axis and configured to receive a tool bit, a plurality of angled passageways defined in the body, and a plurality of jaws at least received in the passageways and moveable between an axially forward and radially inward clamping position to clamp a tool bit and an axially rearward and radially outward retracted position. At least one jaw has a rear end lying in a first plane transverse to the longitudinal axis. A first key drive member is coupled to a tail portion of the body and configured to be engaged by a second key drive member on an output shaft of a power tool to non-rotationally couple the body to the output shaft. The first key drive member extends axially from a rearward end to a forward end that lies in a second plane transverse to the longitudinal axis. The second plane is axially forward of the first plane when the jaws are in the retracted position. | 1. A chuck for a power tool comprising:
a body extending along a longitudinal axis and having a nose portion and a tail portion, a central bore defined in the body and open to the nose portion, the central bore extending along a longitudinal axis and configured to receive a tool bit; a plurality of angled passageways defined in the body in communication with the central bore, with each passageway disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis; a plurality of jaws, each jaw at least partially received in one of the passageways, at least one of the jaws having a rear end lying in a first plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, the jaws moveable in the passageways between an axially forward and radially inward clamping position to clamp a tool bit received in the central bore, and an axially rearward and radially outward retracted position; and a first key drive member coupled to the tail portion of the body and configured to be engaged by a second key drive member on an output shaft of a power tool to non-rotationally couple the body to the output shaft, where the first key drive member extends axially from a rearward end to a forward end that lies in a second plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, wherein the second plane is axially forward of the first plane when the jaws are in the retracted position. 2. The chuck of claim 1, wherein the first key drive member comprises a recess defined in the tail portion of the body. 3. The chuck of claim 2, wherein the recess comprises a radial slot that extends radially outward from the longitudinal axis, the radial slot having side walls and a base wall extending transverse to the longitudinal axis and lying in the second plane, the radial slot configured to be engaged by a radial projection on the output shaft of the power tool. 4. The chuck of claim 2, wherein the recess comprises an axial bore having a front end that lies in the second plane. 5. The chuck of claim 4, wherein the second key drive member comprises a second bore in the output shaft and further comprising a pin received in the axial bore and the second bore. 6. The chuck of claim 4, wherein the second key drive member comprises a projection extending axially from the output shaft that is received in the axial bore. 7. The chuck of claim 1, wherein the first key drive member comprises a projection coupled to the tail portion of the body and the second key drive member comprises a recess in the output shaft, the projection extending from a base wall on the tail portion of the body that lies in the second plane and configured to engage the recess in the output shaft. 8. The chuck of claim 1, wherein the passageways are angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis and the first key drive member comprises a plurality of first key drive members angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis and each spaced from the passageways. 9. The chuck of claim 1, wherein each passageway is open to the tail portion of the body. 10. The chuck of claim 9, wherein each jaw may be retracted axially rearwardly beyond the tail portion of the body. 11. A power tool comprising:
a housing; a motor received in the housing; a switch configured to selectively actuate the motor; an output shaft extending along a longitudinal axis and configured to be rotationally driven by the motor, the output shaft having a front end; a chuck configured to be coupled to the output shaft, the chuck including a body extending along a longitudinal axis and having a nose portion and a tail portion, a central bore defined in the body and open to the nose portion, the central bore extending along a longitudinal axis and configured to receive a tool bit, a plurality of angled passageways defined in the body in communication with the central bore, with each passageway disposed at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis, and a plurality of jaws, each jaw at least partially received in one of the passageways, a rear end of at least one of the jaws lying in a first plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, the jaws moveable in the passageways between an axially forward and radially inward clamping position to clamp a tool bit received in the central bore, and an axially rearward and radially outward retracted position; and a first key drive member coupled to the tail portion of the body and a second key drive member coupled to the output shaft, the first and second key drive members configured to engage each other to non-rotationally couple the body to the output shaft so that rotation of the output shaft causes rotation of the body, wherein the first key drive member extends from a rearward end to a forward end that lies in a second transverse plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the second plane is axially forward of the first plane when the jaws are in the retracted position. 12. The power tool of claim 11, wherein the first key drive member comprises a recess defined in the tail portion of the body. 13. The power tool of claim 12, wherein the recess comprises a radial slot that extends radially outward from the longitudinal axis, the radial slot having side walls and a base wall extending transverse to the longitudinal axis and lying in the second plane, the radial slot configured to be engaged by a radial projection on the output shaft of the power tool. 14. The power tool of claim 12, wherein the recess comprises an axial bore having a front end that lies in the second plane. 15. The power tool of claim 14, wherein the second key drive member comprises a second bore in the output shaft and further comprising a pin received in the axial bore and the second bore. 16. The power tool of claim 14, wherein the second key drive member comprises a projection extending axially from the output shaft that is received in the axial bore. 17. The power tool of claim 11, wherein the first key drive member comprises a projection coupled to the tail portion of the body and the second key drive member comprises a recess in the output shaft, the projection extending from a base wall on the tail portion of the body that lies in the second plane and configured to engage the recess in the output shaft. 18. The power tool of claim 11, wherein the passageways are angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis and the first key drive member comprises a plurality of first key drive members angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis and each spaced from the passageways. 19. The power tool of claim 11, wherein each passageway is open to the tail portion of the body. 20. The power tool of claim 19, wherein each jaw may be retracted axially rearwardly beyond the tail portion of the body. | A chuck for a power tool includes a body extending along a longitudinal axis, a central bore extending along the longitudinal axis and configured to receive a tool bit, a plurality of angled passageways defined in the body, and a plurality of jaws at least received in the passageways and moveable between an axially forward and radially inward clamping position to clamp a tool bit and an axially rearward and radially outward retracted position. At least one jaw has a rear end lying in a first plane transverse to the longitudinal axis. A first key drive member is coupled to a tail portion of the body and configured to be engaged by a second key drive member on an output shaft of a power tool to non-rotationally couple the body to the output shaft. The first key drive member extends axially from a rearward end to a forward end that lies in a second plane transverse to the longitudinal axis. The second plane is axially forward of the first plane when the jaws are in the retracted position.1. A chuck for a power tool comprising:
a body extending along a longitudinal axis and having a nose portion and a tail portion, a central bore defined in the body and open to the nose portion, the central bore extending along a longitudinal axis and configured to receive a tool bit; a plurality of angled passageways defined in the body in communication with the central bore, with each passageway disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis; a plurality of jaws, each jaw at least partially received in one of the passageways, at least one of the jaws having a rear end lying in a first plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, the jaws moveable in the passageways between an axially forward and radially inward clamping position to clamp a tool bit received in the central bore, and an axially rearward and radially outward retracted position; and a first key drive member coupled to the tail portion of the body and configured to be engaged by a second key drive member on an output shaft of a power tool to non-rotationally couple the body to the output shaft, where the first key drive member extends axially from a rearward end to a forward end that lies in a second plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, wherein the second plane is axially forward of the first plane when the jaws are in the retracted position. 2. The chuck of claim 1, wherein the first key drive member comprises a recess defined in the tail portion of the body. 3. The chuck of claim 2, wherein the recess comprises a radial slot that extends radially outward from the longitudinal axis, the radial slot having side walls and a base wall extending transverse to the longitudinal axis and lying in the second plane, the radial slot configured to be engaged by a radial projection on the output shaft of the power tool. 4. The chuck of claim 2, wherein the recess comprises an axial bore having a front end that lies in the second plane. 5. The chuck of claim 4, wherein the second key drive member comprises a second bore in the output shaft and further comprising a pin received in the axial bore and the second bore. 6. The chuck of claim 4, wherein the second key drive member comprises a projection extending axially from the output shaft that is received in the axial bore. 7. The chuck of claim 1, wherein the first key drive member comprises a projection coupled to the tail portion of the body and the second key drive member comprises a recess in the output shaft, the projection extending from a base wall on the tail portion of the body that lies in the second plane and configured to engage the recess in the output shaft. 8. The chuck of claim 1, wherein the passageways are angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis and the first key drive member comprises a plurality of first key drive members angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis and each spaced from the passageways. 9. The chuck of claim 1, wherein each passageway is open to the tail portion of the body. 10. The chuck of claim 9, wherein each jaw may be retracted axially rearwardly beyond the tail portion of the body. 11. A power tool comprising:
a housing; a motor received in the housing; a switch configured to selectively actuate the motor; an output shaft extending along a longitudinal axis and configured to be rotationally driven by the motor, the output shaft having a front end; a chuck configured to be coupled to the output shaft, the chuck including a body extending along a longitudinal axis and having a nose portion and a tail portion, a central bore defined in the body and open to the nose portion, the central bore extending along a longitudinal axis and configured to receive a tool bit, a plurality of angled passageways defined in the body in communication with the central bore, with each passageway disposed at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis, and a plurality of jaws, each jaw at least partially received in one of the passageways, a rear end of at least one of the jaws lying in a first plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, the jaws moveable in the passageways between an axially forward and radially inward clamping position to clamp a tool bit received in the central bore, and an axially rearward and radially outward retracted position; and a first key drive member coupled to the tail portion of the body and a second key drive member coupled to the output shaft, the first and second key drive members configured to engage each other to non-rotationally couple the body to the output shaft so that rotation of the output shaft causes rotation of the body, wherein the first key drive member extends from a rearward end to a forward end that lies in a second transverse plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the second plane is axially forward of the first plane when the jaws are in the retracted position. 12. The power tool of claim 11, wherein the first key drive member comprises a recess defined in the tail portion of the body. 13. The power tool of claim 12, wherein the recess comprises a radial slot that extends radially outward from the longitudinal axis, the radial slot having side walls and a base wall extending transverse to the longitudinal axis and lying in the second plane, the radial slot configured to be engaged by a radial projection on the output shaft of the power tool. 14. The power tool of claim 12, wherein the recess comprises an axial bore having a front end that lies in the second plane. 15. The power tool of claim 14, wherein the second key drive member comprises a second bore in the output shaft and further comprising a pin received in the axial bore and the second bore. 16. The power tool of claim 14, wherein the second key drive member comprises a projection extending axially from the output shaft that is received in the axial bore. 17. The power tool of claim 11, wherein the first key drive member comprises a projection coupled to the tail portion of the body and the second key drive member comprises a recess in the output shaft, the projection extending from a base wall on the tail portion of the body that lies in the second plane and configured to engage the recess in the output shaft. 18. The power tool of claim 11, wherein the passageways are angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis and the first key drive member comprises a plurality of first key drive members angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis and each spaced from the passageways. 19. The power tool of claim 11, wherein each passageway is open to the tail portion of the body. 20. The power tool of claim 19, wherein each jaw may be retracted axially rearwardly beyond the tail portion of the body. | 3,600 |
345,709 | 16,804,114 | 3,632 | Example implementations relate to a latch and a computing system including such latch. The latch may include a latch enclosure and a latch assembly housed at least partially within the latch enclosure. The latch assembly may include a lever mounted to the latch enclosure via a first pivot pin and having a handle section disposed outside the latch enclosure and a force transfer section integrated with the handle section and disposed inside the latch enclosure. Further, the latch may include a hook engaged with the lever and mounted at least partially within the latch enclosure via a second pivot pin, wherein a movement of the lever about the first pivot pin causes a movement of the hook about the second pivot pin via the force transfer section. | 1. A latch comprising:
a latch enclosure; and a latch assembly housed at least partially within the latch enclosure, wherein the latch assembly comprises:
a lever mounted to the latch enclosure via a first pivot pin and comprising a handle section disposed at least partially outside the latch enclosure and a force transfer section integrated with the handle section and disposed inside the latch enclosure; and
a hook engaged with the lever and mounted at least partially within the latch enclosure via a second pivot pin, wherein a movement of the lever about the first pivot pin causes a movement of the hook about the second pivot pin via the force transfer section. 2. The latch of claim 1, wherein the lever further comprises side wall sections between the handle section and the force transfer section, wherein the side wall sections comprise openings to receive the first pivot pin. 3. The latch of claim 1, wherein the hook comprises:
a first end engaged with the force transfer section of the lever; a second end protruding outside of the latch enclosure; and an opening located between the first end and the second end to receive the second pivot pin. 4. The latch of claim 3, wherein the latch assembly further comprises a first spring to bias the hook such that the first end of the hook applies pressure on the force transfer section of the lever. 5. The latch of claim 3, wherein the latch assembly further comprises a retaining fixture to enable coupling of the latch with a receiving structure, wherein the retaining fixture comprises:
a latch retaining screw positioned such that a head of the latch retaining screw is disposed inside the latch enclosure and a tail of the latch retaining screw protrudes outside of the latch enclosure; a bracket to restrict forward movement of the latch retaining screw; and a second spring disposed in contact with the bracket and the latch retaining screw to bias the head of the latch retaining screw away from the bracket. 6. The latch of claim 5, wherein the latch retaining screw further comprises a first length portion adjacent to the head of the screw, and a second length portion adjacent to the first length portion, wherein a diameter of the first length portion is greater than that of the second length portion. 7. The latch of claim 6, wherein the bracket comprises a first opening to receive the tail of the latch retaining screw, wherein a diameter of the first opening is smaller than the diameter of the first length portion of the latch retaining screw. 8. The latch of claim 6; wherein the bracket comprises a second opening to receive the second spring such that one end of the second spring remains in contact with the head of the latch retaining screw and another end of the second spring protrudes outside of the bracket. 9. The latch of claim 8; wherein the second opening is a spiral groove surrounding the first opening. 10. The latch of claim 5, wherein the bracket comprises a third opening to receive the second end of the hook. 11. A computing system comprising:
a system enclosure housing one or more electronic components, wherein the system enclosure comprises a plurality side walls; a latch disposed on at least one side wall of the plurality of side walls, wherein the latch comprises;
a latch enclosure; and
a latch assembly housed at least partially within the latch enclosure, wherein the latch assembly comprises:
a lever mounted to the latch enclosure via a first pivot pin and comprising a handle section disposed at least partially outside the latch enclosure and a force transfer section integrated with the handle section and disposed inside the latch enclosure; and
a hook engaged with the lever and mounted at least partially within the latch enclosure via a second pivot pin, wherein a movement of the lever about the first pivot pin causes a movement of the hook about the second pivot pin via the force transfer section. 12. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the latch engages with a receiving structure. 13. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the latch is mountable on rails, wherein the rails are disposed on a rack. 14. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the lever further comprises side wall sections between the handle section and the force transfer section, wherein the side wall sections comprise openings to receive the first pivot pin. 15. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the hook comprises:
a first end engaged with the force transfer section of the lever; a second end protruding outside of the latch enclosure; and an opening located between the first end and the second end to receive the second pivot pin. 16. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the latch assembly further comprises a first spring to bias the hook such that the first end of the hook applies pressure on the force transfer section of the lever. 17. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the latch assembly further comprises a retaining fixture to enable coupling of the latch with a receiving structure, wherein the retaining fixture comprises:
a latch retaining screw positioned such that a head of the latch retaining screw is disposed inside the latch enclosure and a tail of the latch retaining screw protrudes outside of the latch enclosure; a bracket to restrict forward movement of the latch retaining screw; and a second spring disposed in contact with the bracket and the latch retaining screw to bias the head of the screw away from the bracket. 18. The computing system of claim 17, wherein the latch retaining screw further comprises a first length portion adjacent to the head of the screw, and a second length portion adjacent to the first length portion, wherein a diameter of the first length portion is greater than that of the second length portion. 19. The computing system of claim 17, wherein the bracket comprises:
a first opening to receive the tail of the screw, wherein a diameter of the first opening is smaller than the diameter of the first length portion of the latch retaining screw; a second opening to receive the second spring such that one end of the second spring remains in contact with the head of the screw and another end of the second spring protrudes outside of the bracket; and a third opening to receive the second end of the hook. 20. The computing system of claim 19, wherein the second opening is a spiral groove surrounding the first opening. | Example implementations relate to a latch and a computing system including such latch. The latch may include a latch enclosure and a latch assembly housed at least partially within the latch enclosure. The latch assembly may include a lever mounted to the latch enclosure via a first pivot pin and having a handle section disposed outside the latch enclosure and a force transfer section integrated with the handle section and disposed inside the latch enclosure. Further, the latch may include a hook engaged with the lever and mounted at least partially within the latch enclosure via a second pivot pin, wherein a movement of the lever about the first pivot pin causes a movement of the hook about the second pivot pin via the force transfer section.1. A latch comprising:
a latch enclosure; and a latch assembly housed at least partially within the latch enclosure, wherein the latch assembly comprises:
a lever mounted to the latch enclosure via a first pivot pin and comprising a handle section disposed at least partially outside the latch enclosure and a force transfer section integrated with the handle section and disposed inside the latch enclosure; and
a hook engaged with the lever and mounted at least partially within the latch enclosure via a second pivot pin, wherein a movement of the lever about the first pivot pin causes a movement of the hook about the second pivot pin via the force transfer section. 2. The latch of claim 1, wherein the lever further comprises side wall sections between the handle section and the force transfer section, wherein the side wall sections comprise openings to receive the first pivot pin. 3. The latch of claim 1, wherein the hook comprises:
a first end engaged with the force transfer section of the lever; a second end protruding outside of the latch enclosure; and an opening located between the first end and the second end to receive the second pivot pin. 4. The latch of claim 3, wherein the latch assembly further comprises a first spring to bias the hook such that the first end of the hook applies pressure on the force transfer section of the lever. 5. The latch of claim 3, wherein the latch assembly further comprises a retaining fixture to enable coupling of the latch with a receiving structure, wherein the retaining fixture comprises:
a latch retaining screw positioned such that a head of the latch retaining screw is disposed inside the latch enclosure and a tail of the latch retaining screw protrudes outside of the latch enclosure; a bracket to restrict forward movement of the latch retaining screw; and a second spring disposed in contact with the bracket and the latch retaining screw to bias the head of the latch retaining screw away from the bracket. 6. The latch of claim 5, wherein the latch retaining screw further comprises a first length portion adjacent to the head of the screw, and a second length portion adjacent to the first length portion, wherein a diameter of the first length portion is greater than that of the second length portion. 7. The latch of claim 6, wherein the bracket comprises a first opening to receive the tail of the latch retaining screw, wherein a diameter of the first opening is smaller than the diameter of the first length portion of the latch retaining screw. 8. The latch of claim 6; wherein the bracket comprises a second opening to receive the second spring such that one end of the second spring remains in contact with the head of the latch retaining screw and another end of the second spring protrudes outside of the bracket. 9. The latch of claim 8; wherein the second opening is a spiral groove surrounding the first opening. 10. The latch of claim 5, wherein the bracket comprises a third opening to receive the second end of the hook. 11. A computing system comprising:
a system enclosure housing one or more electronic components, wherein the system enclosure comprises a plurality side walls; a latch disposed on at least one side wall of the plurality of side walls, wherein the latch comprises;
a latch enclosure; and
a latch assembly housed at least partially within the latch enclosure, wherein the latch assembly comprises:
a lever mounted to the latch enclosure via a first pivot pin and comprising a handle section disposed at least partially outside the latch enclosure and a force transfer section integrated with the handle section and disposed inside the latch enclosure; and
a hook engaged with the lever and mounted at least partially within the latch enclosure via a second pivot pin, wherein a movement of the lever about the first pivot pin causes a movement of the hook about the second pivot pin via the force transfer section. 12. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the latch engages with a receiving structure. 13. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the latch is mountable on rails, wherein the rails are disposed on a rack. 14. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the lever further comprises side wall sections between the handle section and the force transfer section, wherein the side wall sections comprise openings to receive the first pivot pin. 15. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the hook comprises:
a first end engaged with the force transfer section of the lever; a second end protruding outside of the latch enclosure; and an opening located between the first end and the second end to receive the second pivot pin. 16. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the latch assembly further comprises a first spring to bias the hook such that the first end of the hook applies pressure on the force transfer section of the lever. 17. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the latch assembly further comprises a retaining fixture to enable coupling of the latch with a receiving structure, wherein the retaining fixture comprises:
a latch retaining screw positioned such that a head of the latch retaining screw is disposed inside the latch enclosure and a tail of the latch retaining screw protrudes outside of the latch enclosure; a bracket to restrict forward movement of the latch retaining screw; and a second spring disposed in contact with the bracket and the latch retaining screw to bias the head of the screw away from the bracket. 18. The computing system of claim 17, wherein the latch retaining screw further comprises a first length portion adjacent to the head of the screw, and a second length portion adjacent to the first length portion, wherein a diameter of the first length portion is greater than that of the second length portion. 19. The computing system of claim 17, wherein the bracket comprises:
a first opening to receive the tail of the screw, wherein a diameter of the first opening is smaller than the diameter of the first length portion of the latch retaining screw; a second opening to receive the second spring such that one end of the second spring remains in contact with the head of the screw and another end of the second spring protrudes outside of the bracket; and a third opening to receive the second end of the hook. 20. The computing system of claim 19, wherein the second opening is a spiral groove surrounding the first opening. | 3,600 |
345,710 | 16,804,113 | 1,743 | An information processing apparatus includes a processor that: acquires one or more remarks included in a conversation; determines whether a predetermined expression is included in the one or more remarks of one or more users participating in the conversation; in response to a determination that the predetermined expression is included in a remark, converts, based on environment information and conversion information, a word included in the remark into one or more specifying-purpose expressions, the environment information indicating an environment of the conversation, the conversion information defining a conversion rule for a word according to the environment information for each of the one or more users; specifies content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions; and outputs a specification result of the content. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a processor that:
acquires one or more remarks included in a conversation;
determines whether or not a predetermined expression is included in the one or more remarks of one or more users participating in the conversation;
in response to a determination that the predetermined expression is included in a remark of the one more remarks, converts, based on environment information and conversion information, a word included in the remark into one or more specifying-purpose expressions, the environment information indicating an environment of the conversation, the conversion information defining a conversion rule for a word according to the environment information for each of the one or more users;
specifies content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions; and
outputs a specification result of the content. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the environment information corresponds to information indicating a combination of one or more users participating in the conversation or a date of the conversation, the conversion information corresponds to information in which a conversion target expression, the environment information, and the one or more specifying-purpose expressions are associated with each of the one or more users, and when a combination of a word in the remark including the predetermined expression and environment information of a conversation including the remark matches a combination of the conversion target expression and the environment information, the conversion target expression being registered in the conversion information associated with a user making the remark, the processor converts the word included in the matching combination into the one or more specifying-purpose expressions associated with the combination of the conversion target expression matching the word and the environment information. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the processor further:
generates a response sentence for acquiring additional information from the one or more users when the content is not specified;
outputs the generated response sentence; and
acquires a remark after the response sentence. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein after failing to specify the content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions converted from the word included in the remark of a user making the remark including the predetermined expression, the processor specifies the content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions converted from a word included in a remark of another user participating the conversation. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor excludes, from a conversion target of the one or more specifying-purpose expression, a word not associated with the one or more specifying-purpose expressions and a word including no new information among words included in the remark of the user. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor excludes, from a conversion target of the one or more specifying-purpose expressions, a remark that does not include a word associated with the one or more specifying-purpose expressions and a remark that does not include new information among remarks included in the conversation. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processor specifies the content by searching content information in which the content, first tag information, and second tag information are associated with each of the one or more users, using the one or more specifying-purpose expressions as a search condition, the first tag information corresponds to metadata of the content, and the second tag information corresponds to a word included in a remark related to the content in the conversation. 8. A computer program product including programmed instructions embodied in and stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, wherein the instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform:
acquiring one or more remarks included in a conversation; determining whether or not a predetermined expression is included in the one or more remarks of one or more users participating in the conversation; in response to a determination that the predetermined expression is included in a remark of the one or more remarks, converting, based on environment information and conversion information, a word included in the remark into one or more specifying-purpose expressions, the environment information indicating an environment of the conversation, the conversion information defining a conversion rule for a word according to the environment information for each of the one or more users; specifying content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions; and outputting a specification result of the content. 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a data structure of conversion information, the data structure used in a computer including a controller and the non-transitory computer readable medium, wherein
in the data structure
a conversion target expression,
environment information indicating an environment of a conversation of one or more users, and
one or more specifying-purpose expressions used for specifying content
are associated with each of the one or more users, and the data structure is used in a process in which the controller acquires, from the non-transitory computer readable medium, a specifying-purpose expression associated with a combination of the conversion target expression and the environment information, the combination matching a combination of a word included in a remark of the one or more users participating in the conversation and environment information indicating an environment of the conversation. | An information processing apparatus includes a processor that: acquires one or more remarks included in a conversation; determines whether a predetermined expression is included in the one or more remarks of one or more users participating in the conversation; in response to a determination that the predetermined expression is included in a remark, converts, based on environment information and conversion information, a word included in the remark into one or more specifying-purpose expressions, the environment information indicating an environment of the conversation, the conversion information defining a conversion rule for a word according to the environment information for each of the one or more users; specifies content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions; and outputs a specification result of the content.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a processor that:
acquires one or more remarks included in a conversation;
determines whether or not a predetermined expression is included in the one or more remarks of one or more users participating in the conversation;
in response to a determination that the predetermined expression is included in a remark of the one more remarks, converts, based on environment information and conversion information, a word included in the remark into one or more specifying-purpose expressions, the environment information indicating an environment of the conversation, the conversion information defining a conversion rule for a word according to the environment information for each of the one or more users;
specifies content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions; and
outputs a specification result of the content. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the environment information corresponds to information indicating a combination of one or more users participating in the conversation or a date of the conversation, the conversion information corresponds to information in which a conversion target expression, the environment information, and the one or more specifying-purpose expressions are associated with each of the one or more users, and when a combination of a word in the remark including the predetermined expression and environment information of a conversation including the remark matches a combination of the conversion target expression and the environment information, the conversion target expression being registered in the conversion information associated with a user making the remark, the processor converts the word included in the matching combination into the one or more specifying-purpose expressions associated with the combination of the conversion target expression matching the word and the environment information. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the processor further:
generates a response sentence for acquiring additional information from the one or more users when the content is not specified;
outputs the generated response sentence; and
acquires a remark after the response sentence. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein after failing to specify the content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions converted from the word included in the remark of a user making the remark including the predetermined expression, the processor specifies the content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions converted from a word included in a remark of another user participating the conversation. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor excludes, from a conversion target of the one or more specifying-purpose expression, a word not associated with the one or more specifying-purpose expressions and a word including no new information among words included in the remark of the user. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor excludes, from a conversion target of the one or more specifying-purpose expressions, a remark that does not include a word associated with the one or more specifying-purpose expressions and a remark that does not include new information among remarks included in the conversation. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processor specifies the content by searching content information in which the content, first tag information, and second tag information are associated with each of the one or more users, using the one or more specifying-purpose expressions as a search condition, the first tag information corresponds to metadata of the content, and the second tag information corresponds to a word included in a remark related to the content in the conversation. 8. A computer program product including programmed instructions embodied in and stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, wherein the instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform:
acquiring one or more remarks included in a conversation; determining whether or not a predetermined expression is included in the one or more remarks of one or more users participating in the conversation; in response to a determination that the predetermined expression is included in a remark of the one or more remarks, converting, based on environment information and conversion information, a word included in the remark into one or more specifying-purpose expressions, the environment information indicating an environment of the conversation, the conversion information defining a conversion rule for a word according to the environment information for each of the one or more users; specifying content based on the one or more specifying-purpose expressions; and outputting a specification result of the content. 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a data structure of conversion information, the data structure used in a computer including a controller and the non-transitory computer readable medium, wherein
in the data structure
a conversion target expression,
environment information indicating an environment of a conversation of one or more users, and
one or more specifying-purpose expressions used for specifying content
are associated with each of the one or more users, and the data structure is used in a process in which the controller acquires, from the non-transitory computer readable medium, a specifying-purpose expression associated with a combination of the conversion target expression and the environment information, the combination matching a combination of a word included in a remark of the one or more users participating in the conversation and environment information indicating an environment of the conversation. | 1,700 |
345,711 | 16,804,107 | 1,743 | A power supply charging system having first and second alternating power cells, a motor driven generator adapted to operably switch between providing power between the first and second alternating power cells, a third power cell which supplies power to the motor driven generator, and a control system having a power cell managing module and a charge control module. The power cell module is adapted to alternate the motor driven generator to operably switch between providing power to the first and second alternating power cells. The charge control module is adapted to detect the occurrence of a pre-determined power supply condition to activate the motor driven generator to provide power to the first or second alternating power cells. The power supply charging system may find particular use in generating a direct current, converting the direct current to an alternating current, and providing a continuous alternating current to a facility or equipment. | 1. A control system for a power supply charging system, the control system comprising:
(a) a power cell managing module adapted to be in electrical communication with a first power cell and a second power cell, wherein the power cell managing module includes:
(i) a sensing device; and
(ii) a first relay;
(b) a charge control module in communication with the power cell managing module and adapted to be in communication with a generator and a third power cell, and wherein the charge control module includes a second relay; and
wherein the power cell managing module and the charge control module include one or more processors. 2-20. (canceled) 21. The control system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are a single processor or a plurality of processors. 22. The control system of claim 1, wherein the power cell managing module is adapted to alternate the generator to operably switch between providing power to the first power cell and providing power to the second power cell based on an occurrence of pre-determined condition. 23. The control system of claim 22, wherein the sensing device is adapted to sense the pre-determined condition. 24. The control system of claim 1, wherein the charge control module is adapted to detect an occurrence of a pre-determined power supply condition from at least one of the first power cell or the second power cell. 25. The control system of claim 24, wherein upon the occurrence of the pre-determined power supply condition the charge control module is configured to activate the generator to provide power to the first power cell or the second power cell. 26. The control system of claim 1, wherein the control system includes the generator. 27. The control system of claim 1, wherein the generator includes an electric motor in communication with a motor driven generator. 28. The control system of claim 27, wherein the electric motor is configured to be in electrical communication with the third power cell. 29. The control system of claim 27, wherein a torque multiplier is connected between the electric motor and the motor driven generator. 30. The control system of claim 22, wherein the pre-determined condition includes: a duration of time, a temperature, a voltage, a current, or a combination thereof. 31. The control system of claim 30, wherein the sensing device includes one or more timer controllers. 32. The control system of claim 1, wherein the control system includes a housing which includes the power cell managing module and the charge control module therein. 33. The control system of claim 32, wherein the control system includes one or more power outlets accessible from an exterior of the housing; and
wherein the one or more power outlets are configured to transmit a power supply from the first power cell and the second power cell when either is in a discharging mode to a power receiving system. 34. The control system of claim 1, wherein the control system includes the third power cell and the generator, wherein the third power cell is in electrical communication with the generator. 35. The control system of claim 34, wherein the third power cell is adapted to be in electrical communication with the first power cell and the second power cell. 36. A control system for a power supply charging system, the control system comprising:
(a) a power cell managing module adapted to be in electrical communication with a first power cell and a second power cell, wherein the power cell managing module includes:
(i) a sensing device; and
(ii) a first relay;
(b) a charge control module in communication with the power cell managing module and adapted to be in communication with a third power cell, and wherein the charge control module includes a second relay; (c) a generator which includes an electric motor in communication with a motor driven generator, and the electric motor is adapted to be in electrical communication with the third power cell, and wherein the charge control module is in electrical communication with the generator; (d) a housing which houses the power cell managing module, the charge control module, and the generator; and
wherein the power cell managing module and the charge control module include one or more processors. 37. The control system of claim 36, wherein the control system includes the third power cell also located in the housing; and
wherein the third power cell is in electrical communication the generator and adapted to be in electrical communication with the first power cell and the second power cell. 38. The control system of claim 36, wherein the power cell managing module is adapted to alternate the generator to operably switch between providing power to the first power cell and providing power to the second power cell based on an occurrence of pre-determined condition;
wherein the sensing device is adapted to sense the pre-determined condition; and wherein the pre-determined condition includes: a duration of time, a temperature, a voltage, a current, or a combination thereof. 39. The control system of claim 36, wherein the charge control module is adapted to detect an occurrence of a pre-determined power supply condition from at least one of the first power cell or the second power cell; and
wherein upon the occurrence of the pre-determined power supply condition the charge control module is configured to activate the generator to provide power to the first power cell or the second power cell. | A power supply charging system having first and second alternating power cells, a motor driven generator adapted to operably switch between providing power between the first and second alternating power cells, a third power cell which supplies power to the motor driven generator, and a control system having a power cell managing module and a charge control module. The power cell module is adapted to alternate the motor driven generator to operably switch between providing power to the first and second alternating power cells. The charge control module is adapted to detect the occurrence of a pre-determined power supply condition to activate the motor driven generator to provide power to the first or second alternating power cells. The power supply charging system may find particular use in generating a direct current, converting the direct current to an alternating current, and providing a continuous alternating current to a facility or equipment.1. A control system for a power supply charging system, the control system comprising:
(a) a power cell managing module adapted to be in electrical communication with a first power cell and a second power cell, wherein the power cell managing module includes:
(i) a sensing device; and
(ii) a first relay;
(b) a charge control module in communication with the power cell managing module and adapted to be in communication with a generator and a third power cell, and wherein the charge control module includes a second relay; and
wherein the power cell managing module and the charge control module include one or more processors. 2-20. (canceled) 21. The control system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are a single processor or a plurality of processors. 22. The control system of claim 1, wherein the power cell managing module is adapted to alternate the generator to operably switch between providing power to the first power cell and providing power to the second power cell based on an occurrence of pre-determined condition. 23. The control system of claim 22, wherein the sensing device is adapted to sense the pre-determined condition. 24. The control system of claim 1, wherein the charge control module is adapted to detect an occurrence of a pre-determined power supply condition from at least one of the first power cell or the second power cell. 25. The control system of claim 24, wherein upon the occurrence of the pre-determined power supply condition the charge control module is configured to activate the generator to provide power to the first power cell or the second power cell. 26. The control system of claim 1, wherein the control system includes the generator. 27. The control system of claim 1, wherein the generator includes an electric motor in communication with a motor driven generator. 28. The control system of claim 27, wherein the electric motor is configured to be in electrical communication with the third power cell. 29. The control system of claim 27, wherein a torque multiplier is connected between the electric motor and the motor driven generator. 30. The control system of claim 22, wherein the pre-determined condition includes: a duration of time, a temperature, a voltage, a current, or a combination thereof. 31. The control system of claim 30, wherein the sensing device includes one or more timer controllers. 32. The control system of claim 1, wherein the control system includes a housing which includes the power cell managing module and the charge control module therein. 33. The control system of claim 32, wherein the control system includes one or more power outlets accessible from an exterior of the housing; and
wherein the one or more power outlets are configured to transmit a power supply from the first power cell and the second power cell when either is in a discharging mode to a power receiving system. 34. The control system of claim 1, wherein the control system includes the third power cell and the generator, wherein the third power cell is in electrical communication with the generator. 35. The control system of claim 34, wherein the third power cell is adapted to be in electrical communication with the first power cell and the second power cell. 36. A control system for a power supply charging system, the control system comprising:
(a) a power cell managing module adapted to be in electrical communication with a first power cell and a second power cell, wherein the power cell managing module includes:
(i) a sensing device; and
(ii) a first relay;
(b) a charge control module in communication with the power cell managing module and adapted to be in communication with a third power cell, and wherein the charge control module includes a second relay; (c) a generator which includes an electric motor in communication with a motor driven generator, and the electric motor is adapted to be in electrical communication with the third power cell, and wherein the charge control module is in electrical communication with the generator; (d) a housing which houses the power cell managing module, the charge control module, and the generator; and
wherein the power cell managing module and the charge control module include one or more processors. 37. The control system of claim 36, wherein the control system includes the third power cell also located in the housing; and
wherein the third power cell is in electrical communication the generator and adapted to be in electrical communication with the first power cell and the second power cell. 38. The control system of claim 36, wherein the power cell managing module is adapted to alternate the generator to operably switch between providing power to the first power cell and providing power to the second power cell based on an occurrence of pre-determined condition;
wherein the sensing device is adapted to sense the pre-determined condition; and wherein the pre-determined condition includes: a duration of time, a temperature, a voltage, a current, or a combination thereof. 39. The control system of claim 36, wherein the charge control module is adapted to detect an occurrence of a pre-determined power supply condition from at least one of the first power cell or the second power cell; and
wherein upon the occurrence of the pre-determined power supply condition the charge control module is configured to activate the generator to provide power to the first power cell or the second power cell. | 1,700 |
345,712 | 16,804,095 | 1,743 | Provided is a water-absorbent resin that increases the diffusivity of a to-be-absorbed liquid and that makes it possible to effectively decrease the amount of re-wet. The water-absorbent resin is obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenicallyally unsaturated monomer under the presence of an internal-crosslinking agent, has the water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes passed from the start of water absorption of 20 ml/g or more, and exhibits the degree of swelling under a load at 30 minutes of 70% or less when the water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes from the start of water absorption is designated as the degree of swelling under a load of 100%. The water-absorbent resin can be produced by performing the following steps in a method in which a water-absorbent resin is produced by performing reverse phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenicallyally unsaturated monomer in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium under the presence of an internal-crosslinking agent: a step in which polymerization is performed under the presence of an azo compound and a peroxide; and a step in which a water-containing gel obtained by said polymerization is post-crosslinked using a post-crosslinking agent. | 1-6. (canceled) 7. A method of producing a water-absorbent resin by performing polymerization comprising a step of polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an internal-crosslinking agent, and a step of performing post-crosslinking with a post-crosslinking agent, wherein
the step of polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprises one or more polymerization steps; each step of the one or more polymerization steps is performed in the presence of both one or more azo based compounds and one or more peroxides so that the both are coexistent in the each step; in the each step of the one or more polymerization steps, a proportion of the one or more azo based compound used in the polymerization step is 40 mass % or more and 95 mass % or less relative to a total amount of the azo based compounds and the peroxides used in the polymerization step; the obtained water-absorbent resin has a water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes passed from the start of water absorption of 20 ml/g or more; the degree of swelling under a load at 30 minutes is 70% or less when the water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes passed from the start of water absorption is taken as a degree of swelling under a load of 100%; and the degree of swelling under a load at a certain time passed is calculated by the following formula: 8. A method of producing an absorbent article using an absorbent material comprising the water-absorbent resin produced by the method according to claim 1. | Provided is a water-absorbent resin that increases the diffusivity of a to-be-absorbed liquid and that makes it possible to effectively decrease the amount of re-wet. The water-absorbent resin is obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenicallyally unsaturated monomer under the presence of an internal-crosslinking agent, has the water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes passed from the start of water absorption of 20 ml/g or more, and exhibits the degree of swelling under a load at 30 minutes of 70% or less when the water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes from the start of water absorption is designated as the degree of swelling under a load of 100%. The water-absorbent resin can be produced by performing the following steps in a method in which a water-absorbent resin is produced by performing reverse phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenicallyally unsaturated monomer in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium under the presence of an internal-crosslinking agent: a step in which polymerization is performed under the presence of an azo compound and a peroxide; and a step in which a water-containing gel obtained by said polymerization is post-crosslinked using a post-crosslinking agent.1-6. (canceled) 7. A method of producing a water-absorbent resin by performing polymerization comprising a step of polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an internal-crosslinking agent, and a step of performing post-crosslinking with a post-crosslinking agent, wherein
the step of polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprises one or more polymerization steps; each step of the one or more polymerization steps is performed in the presence of both one or more azo based compounds and one or more peroxides so that the both are coexistent in the each step; in the each step of the one or more polymerization steps, a proportion of the one or more azo based compound used in the polymerization step is 40 mass % or more and 95 mass % or less relative to a total amount of the azo based compounds and the peroxides used in the polymerization step; the obtained water-absorbent resin has a water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes passed from the start of water absorption of 20 ml/g or more; the degree of swelling under a load at 30 minutes is 70% or less when the water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes passed from the start of water absorption is taken as a degree of swelling under a load of 100%; and the degree of swelling under a load at a certain time passed is calculated by the following formula: 8. A method of producing an absorbent article using an absorbent material comprising the water-absorbent resin produced by the method according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
345,713 | 16,804,108 | 1,743 | An example device includes an inner element, an outer surrounding element, and a plurality of connecting flexural elements coupled between the inner element and the outer surrounding element. The inner element has a plurality of reflective surface areas that are configured to reflect light to a sensor. The outer surrounding element surrounds the inner element. The plurality of connecting flexural elements allow the inner element to move relative to the outer surrounding element. | 1. A device, comprising:
an inner element comprising a plurality of reflective surface areas, wherein the plurality of reflective surface areas are configured to reflect light to a sensor; and a plurality of flexural elements coupled to the inner element, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements comprises a connection point at a distal end of the flexural element, wherein the plurality of flexural elements allow the inner element to move relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements has an arch shape such that the inner element is configured to move in six degrees-of-freedom relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner element further comprises a plurality of second connection points, the device further comprising:
a first adapter coupled to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements; and a second adapter coupled to the plurality of second connection points; wherein the first adapter is configured to move in six degrees-of-freedom relative the second adapter. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of second connection points of the inner element and each connections point of the plurality of flexural elements are accessed from a first direction. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
the sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to determine at least one component of a load applied on the device based on a change in the light reflected by the reflective surface areas of the inner element. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the change in the light reflected by the reflective surface areas is based on one or more deflections of the inner element relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements when the load is applied. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner element and the plurality of flexural elements coupled to the inner element are injection molded as a single component. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of flexural elements are configured to resist movement between the inner element and to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein an end effector of a robotic arm is coupled to a plurality of second connection points located on the inner element, and further wherein another component of the robotic arm is coupled to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements is an outer surrounding element. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner element comprises a disk element. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements is part of an extended portion of the plurality of flexural elements. 13. A device, comprising:
an inner element comprising a plurality of reflective surface areas, wherein the plurality of reflective surface areas are configured to reflect light to a sensor; a plurality of outer elements that each comprise a connection point; and a plurality of flexural elements coupled between each of the plurality of outer elements and the inner element, wherein the plurality of flexural elements allow the inner element to move relative to each of the plurality of outer elements. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of outer elements is located at a distal end of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements has an arch shape such that the inner element is configured to move in six degrees-of-freedom relative to the plurality of outer elements. 16. The device of claim 13, wherein the inner element further comprises a plurality of second connection points, the device further comprising:
a first adapter coupled to each connection point of each of the plurality of outer elements; and a second adapter coupled to the plurality of second connection points; wherein the first adapter is configured to move in six degrees-of-freedom relative the second adapter. 17. The device of claim 13, wherein the inner element, the plurality of outer elements, and the plurality of flexural elements coupled to the inner element are injection molded as a single component. 18. A robotic system comprising:
an inner element comprising a plurality of reflective surface areas, wherein the plurality of reflective surface areas are configured to reflect light to a sensor; and a plurality of flexural elements coupled to the inner element, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements comprises a connection point at a distal end of the flexural element, wherein the plurality of flexural elements allow the inner element to move relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements; and a control system configured to:
receive reflected light data from the sensor;
based on the reflected light data, determine a deflection of the inner element when a load is applied on the robotic system; and
based on the deflection determined, determine one or more output parameters of the applied load on the robotic system. 19. The robotic system of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements has an arch shape such that the inner element moves in at least one of six degrees-of-freedom relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements when the load is applied. 20. The robotic system of claim 18, further comprising an end effector coupled to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements such that the deflection determined between the inner element and the end effector when the load is applied on the robotic system. | An example device includes an inner element, an outer surrounding element, and a plurality of connecting flexural elements coupled between the inner element and the outer surrounding element. The inner element has a plurality of reflective surface areas that are configured to reflect light to a sensor. The outer surrounding element surrounds the inner element. The plurality of connecting flexural elements allow the inner element to move relative to the outer surrounding element.1. A device, comprising:
an inner element comprising a plurality of reflective surface areas, wherein the plurality of reflective surface areas are configured to reflect light to a sensor; and a plurality of flexural elements coupled to the inner element, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements comprises a connection point at a distal end of the flexural element, wherein the plurality of flexural elements allow the inner element to move relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements has an arch shape such that the inner element is configured to move in six degrees-of-freedom relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner element further comprises a plurality of second connection points, the device further comprising:
a first adapter coupled to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements; and a second adapter coupled to the plurality of second connection points; wherein the first adapter is configured to move in six degrees-of-freedom relative the second adapter. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of second connection points of the inner element and each connections point of the plurality of flexural elements are accessed from a first direction. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
the sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to determine at least one component of a load applied on the device based on a change in the light reflected by the reflective surface areas of the inner element. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the change in the light reflected by the reflective surface areas is based on one or more deflections of the inner element relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements when the load is applied. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner element and the plurality of flexural elements coupled to the inner element are injection molded as a single component. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of flexural elements are configured to resist movement between the inner element and to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein an end effector of a robotic arm is coupled to a plurality of second connection points located on the inner element, and further wherein another component of the robotic arm is coupled to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements is an outer surrounding element. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner element comprises a disk element. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements is part of an extended portion of the plurality of flexural elements. 13. A device, comprising:
an inner element comprising a plurality of reflective surface areas, wherein the plurality of reflective surface areas are configured to reflect light to a sensor; a plurality of outer elements that each comprise a connection point; and a plurality of flexural elements coupled between each of the plurality of outer elements and the inner element, wherein the plurality of flexural elements allow the inner element to move relative to each of the plurality of outer elements. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of outer elements is located at a distal end of each of the plurality of flexural elements. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements has an arch shape such that the inner element is configured to move in six degrees-of-freedom relative to the plurality of outer elements. 16. The device of claim 13, wherein the inner element further comprises a plurality of second connection points, the device further comprising:
a first adapter coupled to each connection point of each of the plurality of outer elements; and a second adapter coupled to the plurality of second connection points; wherein the first adapter is configured to move in six degrees-of-freedom relative the second adapter. 17. The device of claim 13, wherein the inner element, the plurality of outer elements, and the plurality of flexural elements coupled to the inner element are injection molded as a single component. 18. A robotic system comprising:
an inner element comprising a plurality of reflective surface areas, wherein the plurality of reflective surface areas are configured to reflect light to a sensor; and a plurality of flexural elements coupled to the inner element, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements comprises a connection point at a distal end of the flexural element, wherein the plurality of flexural elements allow the inner element to move relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements; and a control system configured to:
receive reflected light data from the sensor;
based on the reflected light data, determine a deflection of the inner element when a load is applied on the robotic system; and
based on the deflection determined, determine one or more output parameters of the applied load on the robotic system. 19. The robotic system of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality of flexural elements has an arch shape such that the inner element moves in at least one of six degrees-of-freedom relative to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements when the load is applied. 20. The robotic system of claim 18, further comprising an end effector coupled to each connection point of each of the plurality of flexural elements such that the deflection determined between the inner element and the end effector when the load is applied on the robotic system. | 1,700 |
345,714 | 16,804,121 | 1,743 | A video processing system includes a main chip and a processing chip. The main chip receives first data. The processing chip is coupled to the main chip, and receives second data and to perform a video processing on at least one of the first data transmitted from the main chip and the second data, in order to drive a display panel. First video carried on the first data or second video on the second data has a first resolution, and the first resolution is at least 8K ultra high definition. | 1. A video processing system, configured to receive first data having first video, wherein the video processing system comprises:
a main chip; and a processing chip coupled to the main chip, wherein if the main chip cannot process the first video carried on the first data, the processing chip performs a video processing on the first video carried on the first data, in order to drive a display panel, wherein the first video carried on the first data has a first resolution, and the first resolution is at least 8K ultra high definition. 2. The video processing system of claim 1, wherein the main chip is configured to receive the first data, and transmit the first video carried on the first data to the processing chip, and the processing chip is configured to perform the video processing on the first video. 3. The video processing system of claim 2, wherein the main chip is configured to transmit the first video carried on the first data as a compression video data or a video stream to the processing chip, and the processing chip is configured to perform the video processing on the compression video data or the video stream. 4. The video processing system of claim 2, wherein the main chip comprises a first transmission interface, the processing chip comprises a second transmission interface, the main chip is configured to transmit the first data and at least one control signal associated with the first video to the processing chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the processing chip performs the video processing based on the at least one control signal. 5. The video processing system of claim 4, wherein the main chip is further configured to transmit on-screen display information to the processing chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface. 6. The video processing system of claim 1, wherein the processing chip is configured to receive the first data, and perform the video processing on the first video. 7. The video processing system of claim 1, wherein the main chip is configured to receive the first data, the processing chip is configured to receive a second data, wherein the main chip comprises a first transmission interface, the processing chip comprises a second transmission interface, the main chip is configured to transmit the first data and at least one blending factor to the processing chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the processing chip is configured to perform the video processing based on the first data, the at least one blending factor, and the second data, in order to generate a mixed video data to drive the display panel. 8. The video processing system of claim 7, wherein in response to the mixed video data, the display panel comprises:
a first area configured to display a first part of the first video data of the first data; and a second area configured to display a second part of the first video data blended with the second video. 9. The video processing system of claim 1, wherein the processing chip is configured to receive the first data, the main chip is configured to receive a second data, wherein the main chip comprises a first transmission interface, the processing chip comprises a second transmission interface, the main chip is configured to transmit the second data and at least one blending factor to the processing chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the processing chip is configured to perform the video processing based on the first data, the at least one blending factor, and the second data, in order to generate a mixed video data to drive the display panel. 10. The video processing system of claim 9, wherein in response to the mixed video data, the display panel comprises:
a first area configured to display a first part of the first video data of the first data; and a second area configured to display a second part of the first video data blended with the second video. 11. A processing chip, comprising:
a first transmission interface coupled to a main chip; and a video processing circuitry coupled to the first transmission interface, wherein if the main chip cannot process first video carried on first data, the video processing circuitry receives the first data via the first transmission interface and performs a video processing on the first video, in order to drive a display panel, wherein a maximum of a resolution range of the first video is at least 8K ultra high definition. 12. The processing chip of claim 11, wherein the first data is received by the main chip, and the video processing circuitry is configured to receive the first video carried on the first data from the main chip, and the video processing circuitry is configured to perform the video processing on the first video. 13. The processing chip of claim 12, wherein the first video carried on the first data is transmitted as a compression video data or a video stream to the video processing circuitry, and the video processing circuitry is configured to perform the video processing on the compression video data or the video stream. 14. The processing chip of claim 12, wherein the main chip comprises a second transmission interface, the video processing circuitry is configured to receive the first data and at least one control signal associated with the first video from the main chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the video processing circuitry performs the video processing based on the at least one control signal. 15. The processing chip of claim 14, wherein the processing chip is further configured to receive on-screen display information from the main chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface. 16. The processing chip of claim 11, wherein the video processing circuitry is configured to receive the first data, and perform the video processing on the first video. 17. The processing chip of claim 11, wherein the first data is received by the main chip, and the video processing circuitry is configured to receive a second data, wherein the main chip comprises a second transmission interface, the processing circuitry is configured to receive the first data and at least one blending factor from the main chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the video processing circuitry is configured to perform the video processing based on the first data, the at least one blending factor, and the second data, in order to generate a mixed video data to drive the display panel. 18. The processing chip of claim 17, wherein in response to the mixed video data, the display panel comprises:
a first area configured to display a first part of the first video data of the first data; and a second area configured to display a second part of the first video data blended with the second video. 19. The processing chip of claim 11, wherein the video processing circuitry is configured to receive the first data, and a second data is received by the main chip, wherein the main chip comprises a second transmission interface, the processing circuitry is configured to receive the second data and at least one blending factor from the main chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the video processing circuitry is configured to perform the video processing based on the first data, the at least one blending factor, and the second data, in order to generate a mixed video data to drive the display panel. 20. The processing chip of claim 19, wherein in response to the mixed video data, the display panel comprises:
a first area configured to display a first part of the first video data of the first data; and a second area configured to display a second part of the first video data blended with the second video. | A video processing system includes a main chip and a processing chip. The main chip receives first data. The processing chip is coupled to the main chip, and receives second data and to perform a video processing on at least one of the first data transmitted from the main chip and the second data, in order to drive a display panel. First video carried on the first data or second video on the second data has a first resolution, and the first resolution is at least 8K ultra high definition.1. A video processing system, configured to receive first data having first video, wherein the video processing system comprises:
a main chip; and a processing chip coupled to the main chip, wherein if the main chip cannot process the first video carried on the first data, the processing chip performs a video processing on the first video carried on the first data, in order to drive a display panel, wherein the first video carried on the first data has a first resolution, and the first resolution is at least 8K ultra high definition. 2. The video processing system of claim 1, wherein the main chip is configured to receive the first data, and transmit the first video carried on the first data to the processing chip, and the processing chip is configured to perform the video processing on the first video. 3. The video processing system of claim 2, wherein the main chip is configured to transmit the first video carried on the first data as a compression video data or a video stream to the processing chip, and the processing chip is configured to perform the video processing on the compression video data or the video stream. 4. The video processing system of claim 2, wherein the main chip comprises a first transmission interface, the processing chip comprises a second transmission interface, the main chip is configured to transmit the first data and at least one control signal associated with the first video to the processing chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the processing chip performs the video processing based on the at least one control signal. 5. The video processing system of claim 4, wherein the main chip is further configured to transmit on-screen display information to the processing chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface. 6. The video processing system of claim 1, wherein the processing chip is configured to receive the first data, and perform the video processing on the first video. 7. The video processing system of claim 1, wherein the main chip is configured to receive the first data, the processing chip is configured to receive a second data, wherein the main chip comprises a first transmission interface, the processing chip comprises a second transmission interface, the main chip is configured to transmit the first data and at least one blending factor to the processing chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the processing chip is configured to perform the video processing based on the first data, the at least one blending factor, and the second data, in order to generate a mixed video data to drive the display panel. 8. The video processing system of claim 7, wherein in response to the mixed video data, the display panel comprises:
a first area configured to display a first part of the first video data of the first data; and a second area configured to display a second part of the first video data blended with the second video. 9. The video processing system of claim 1, wherein the processing chip is configured to receive the first data, the main chip is configured to receive a second data, wherein the main chip comprises a first transmission interface, the processing chip comprises a second transmission interface, the main chip is configured to transmit the second data and at least one blending factor to the processing chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the processing chip is configured to perform the video processing based on the first data, the at least one blending factor, and the second data, in order to generate a mixed video data to drive the display panel. 10. The video processing system of claim 9, wherein in response to the mixed video data, the display panel comprises:
a first area configured to display a first part of the first video data of the first data; and a second area configured to display a second part of the first video data blended with the second video. 11. A processing chip, comprising:
a first transmission interface coupled to a main chip; and a video processing circuitry coupled to the first transmission interface, wherein if the main chip cannot process first video carried on first data, the video processing circuitry receives the first data via the first transmission interface and performs a video processing on the first video, in order to drive a display panel, wherein a maximum of a resolution range of the first video is at least 8K ultra high definition. 12. The processing chip of claim 11, wherein the first data is received by the main chip, and the video processing circuitry is configured to receive the first video carried on the first data from the main chip, and the video processing circuitry is configured to perform the video processing on the first video. 13. The processing chip of claim 12, wherein the first video carried on the first data is transmitted as a compression video data or a video stream to the video processing circuitry, and the video processing circuitry is configured to perform the video processing on the compression video data or the video stream. 14. The processing chip of claim 12, wherein the main chip comprises a second transmission interface, the video processing circuitry is configured to receive the first data and at least one control signal associated with the first video from the main chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the video processing circuitry performs the video processing based on the at least one control signal. 15. The processing chip of claim 14, wherein the processing chip is further configured to receive on-screen display information from the main chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface. 16. The processing chip of claim 11, wherein the video processing circuitry is configured to receive the first data, and perform the video processing on the first video. 17. The processing chip of claim 11, wherein the first data is received by the main chip, and the video processing circuitry is configured to receive a second data, wherein the main chip comprises a second transmission interface, the processing circuitry is configured to receive the first data and at least one blending factor from the main chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the video processing circuitry is configured to perform the video processing based on the first data, the at least one blending factor, and the second data, in order to generate a mixed video data to drive the display panel. 18. The processing chip of claim 17, wherein in response to the mixed video data, the display panel comprises:
a first area configured to display a first part of the first video data of the first data; and a second area configured to display a second part of the first video data blended with the second video. 19. The processing chip of claim 11, wherein the video processing circuitry is configured to receive the first data, and a second data is received by the main chip, wherein the main chip comprises a second transmission interface, the processing circuitry is configured to receive the second data and at least one blending factor from the main chip via the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface, and the video processing circuitry is configured to perform the video processing based on the first data, the at least one blending factor, and the second data, in order to generate a mixed video data to drive the display panel. 20. The processing chip of claim 19, wherein in response to the mixed video data, the display panel comprises:
a first area configured to display a first part of the first video data of the first data; and a second area configured to display a second part of the first video data blended with the second video. | 1,700 |
345,715 | 16,804,141 | 1,743 | wherein, in the Chemical Formula 1, X represents indium (In) or gallium (Ga), Y represents chlorine (Cl) or iodine (I), each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represents a methyl group, a propyl group or an alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. | 1. A precursor compound for producing a photoactive layer of a thin film solar cell, wherein the precursor compound is represented by a following Chemical Formula 1: 2. The precursor compound of claim 1, wherein the precursor compound is selected from a group consisting of following Chemical Formulas 2 to 4:
[CuC10H20N2S4][InI4] [Chemical Formula 2]
[CuC10H20N2S4][InCl4] [Chemical Formula 3]
[CuC10H20N2S4][GaCl4]. [Chemical Formula 4] 3. A method for producing a precursor compound for producing a photoactive layer of a thin film solar cell, wherein the method comprises:
reacting a copper precursor and a sulfide-based organic material with each other in an aqueous solution to form a copper complex compound; dissolving a metal halide represented by a following Chemical Formula 5 in solvent to produce a reaction solution; and mixing the copper complex compound with the reaction solution: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the copper precursor includes copper chloride (CuCl2). 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the sulfide-based organic material includes a ligand represented by a following Chemical Formula 6 or Chemical Formula 7:
[CuC6H12N2S4] [Chemical Formula 6]
[CuC10H14N2S4]. [Chemical Formula 7] 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the sulfide-based organic material includes diethyldithiocarbamate (C5H10NS2). 7. The method of claim 6, wherein in forming the copper complex compound, the copper precursor and the diethyldithiocarbamate (C5H10NS2) reacts with each other at a molar ratio of 1:2. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal halide includes one selected from InI3, InCl3, and GaCl3. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the organic solvent includes at least one selected from a group consisting of benzene, acetone and methylene chloride. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein mixing the copper complex compound with the reaction solution includes reacting the metal halide and the copper complex compound with each other at a molar ratio of 1:1. 11. The method of claim 3, wherein the mixing is carried out at 15 to 25° C. for 10 hours inclusive to 24 hours inclusive. 12. The method of claim 3, wherein after the mixing, the method further comprises dissolving the produced precursor compound in an organic solvent. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the organic solvent includes methylene chloride. | wherein, in the Chemical Formula 1, X represents indium (In) or gallium (Ga), Y represents chlorine (Cl) or iodine (I), each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represents a methyl group, a propyl group or an alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.1. A precursor compound for producing a photoactive layer of a thin film solar cell, wherein the precursor compound is represented by a following Chemical Formula 1: 2. The precursor compound of claim 1, wherein the precursor compound is selected from a group consisting of following Chemical Formulas 2 to 4:
[CuC10H20N2S4][InI4] [Chemical Formula 2]
[CuC10H20N2S4][InCl4] [Chemical Formula 3]
[CuC10H20N2S4][GaCl4]. [Chemical Formula 4] 3. A method for producing a precursor compound for producing a photoactive layer of a thin film solar cell, wherein the method comprises:
reacting a copper precursor and a sulfide-based organic material with each other in an aqueous solution to form a copper complex compound; dissolving a metal halide represented by a following Chemical Formula 5 in solvent to produce a reaction solution; and mixing the copper complex compound with the reaction solution: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the copper precursor includes copper chloride (CuCl2). 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the sulfide-based organic material includes a ligand represented by a following Chemical Formula 6 or Chemical Formula 7:
[CuC6H12N2S4] [Chemical Formula 6]
[CuC10H14N2S4]. [Chemical Formula 7] 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the sulfide-based organic material includes diethyldithiocarbamate (C5H10NS2). 7. The method of claim 6, wherein in forming the copper complex compound, the copper precursor and the diethyldithiocarbamate (C5H10NS2) reacts with each other at a molar ratio of 1:2. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal halide includes one selected from InI3, InCl3, and GaCl3. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the organic solvent includes at least one selected from a group consisting of benzene, acetone and methylene chloride. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein mixing the copper complex compound with the reaction solution includes reacting the metal halide and the copper complex compound with each other at a molar ratio of 1:1. 11. The method of claim 3, wherein the mixing is carried out at 15 to 25° C. for 10 hours inclusive to 24 hours inclusive. 12. The method of claim 3, wherein after the mixing, the method further comprises dissolving the produced precursor compound in an organic solvent. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the organic solvent includes methylene chloride. | 1,700 |
345,716 | 16,804,129 | 1,743 | Examples described herein relate to method and an issue management system for handling issues reported from network devices. The issue management system may receive an issue from a network device of a plurality of network devices arranged in one or more computing environments. The issue management system may determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base. Further, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the issue management system may communicate the solution to a computing environment of the one or more computing environments that hosts the network device reporting the issue. Alternatively, if there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue management system may relay the issue to a management station for the management station to address the issue. | 1. A method comprising:
intercepting, by an issue management system, an issue from a network device reported to a management station, the network device being included in a plurality of network devices communicatively coupled to the issue management system and arranged in network clouds belonging to and managed by different cloud service providers, wherein the issue management system is an intermediator between the management station and the plurality of network devices; determining, by the issue management system, whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, communicating, by the issue management system, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, relaying, by the issue management system, the issue to the management station communicatively coupled to the issue management system for the management station to address the issue. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the issue comprises an event, an alert, or both. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution comprises a remedial script, a software, software patch, pre-determined set of instructions, or combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the issue management system receives the issue from the network device via a common network gateway coupled to the network clouds, wherein the common network gateway is a network device that is separate from the issue management system. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein communicating the solution to the network cloud comprises transmitting the solution to a solution provider network device in the network cloud via the common network gateway, wherein at least some of the network clouds have respective solution provider network devices separate from the issue management system and each of the solution provider network devices maintains a respective local solution repository. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising communicating the solution from the solution provider network device to the network device that has reported the issue. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the knowledge base comprises:
one or more data sets corresponding to the network clouds, wherein a data set of the one or more data sets comprises information regarding one or more parameters pertaining to one or more categories of issues and solutions corresponding to the one or more categories of issues; and weightage metric corresponding to the one or more data sets. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting a data set from the one or more data sets based on the weightage metric. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting the solution corresponding to the issue based on the selected data set. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the issue management system, consequential issues related to the issue reported to the issue management system; identifying, by the issue management system, one or more additional solutions to address the consequent issues; and communicating, by the issue management system, the one or more additional solutions to the network cloud that hosts the network device reporting the issue. 12. A system comprising:
an issue management system communicatively coupled to a plurality of network devices arranged in network clouds and a management station, wherein the network clouds belong to and are managed by different cloud service providers, wherein the issue management system is an intermediator between the management station and the plurality of network devices, and wherein the issue management system comprises: a machine-readable medium storing executable instructions; and a processing resource coupled to the machine-readable medium, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to: intercept an issue reported to the issue management system from a network device of the plurality of network devices; determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; communicate, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and relay, in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue to the management station for the management station to address the issue. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a common network gateway coupled to the issue management system, wherein the common network gateway is a network device that is separate from the issue management system and is coupled to the network clouds, wherein the common network gateway is to receive the issue reported by the network device and communicate the issue to the issue management system. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a solution provider network device disposed in each of the network clouds, wherein the solution provider network device is separate from the issue management system and is communicatively coupled to the common network gateway and one or more network devices in a respective cloud. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to transmit the solution to the solution provider network device in the network cloud via the common network gateway. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the solution provider network device is to communicate the solution to the network device that has reported the issue. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the knowledge base comprises:
one or more data sets corresponding to the network clouds, wherein a data set of the one or more data sets comprises information regarding one or more parameters pertaining to one or more categories of issues and solutions corresponding to the one or more categories of issues; and weightage metric corresponding to the one or more data sets. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to:
select a data set from the one or more data sets based on the weightage metric; and select the solution corresponding to the issue based on the selected data set. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to:
identify consequential issues related to the issue reported to the issue management system; identify one or more additional solutions to address the consequent issues; and communicate the one or more additional solutions to the network cloud that hosts the network device reporting the issue. 20. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processing resource, the instructions comprising:
instructions to intercept an issue reported to an issue management system from a network device of a plurality of network devices that are arranged in network clouds belonging to and managed by different cloud service providers; instructions to determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to an issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; instructions to communicate, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and instructions to relay, in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue to the management station for the management station to address the issue. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the network clouds include a public cloud and a private cloud. | Examples described herein relate to method and an issue management system for handling issues reported from network devices. The issue management system may receive an issue from a network device of a plurality of network devices arranged in one or more computing environments. The issue management system may determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base. Further, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the issue management system may communicate the solution to a computing environment of the one or more computing environments that hosts the network device reporting the issue. Alternatively, if there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue management system may relay the issue to a management station for the management station to address the issue.1. A method comprising:
intercepting, by an issue management system, an issue from a network device reported to a management station, the network device being included in a plurality of network devices communicatively coupled to the issue management system and arranged in network clouds belonging to and managed by different cloud service providers, wherein the issue management system is an intermediator between the management station and the plurality of network devices; determining, by the issue management system, whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, communicating, by the issue management system, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, relaying, by the issue management system, the issue to the management station communicatively coupled to the issue management system for the management station to address the issue. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the issue comprises an event, an alert, or both. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution comprises a remedial script, a software, software patch, pre-determined set of instructions, or combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the issue management system receives the issue from the network device via a common network gateway coupled to the network clouds, wherein the common network gateway is a network device that is separate from the issue management system. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein communicating the solution to the network cloud comprises transmitting the solution to a solution provider network device in the network cloud via the common network gateway, wherein at least some of the network clouds have respective solution provider network devices separate from the issue management system and each of the solution provider network devices maintains a respective local solution repository. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising communicating the solution from the solution provider network device to the network device that has reported the issue. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the knowledge base comprises:
one or more data sets corresponding to the network clouds, wherein a data set of the one or more data sets comprises information regarding one or more parameters pertaining to one or more categories of issues and solutions corresponding to the one or more categories of issues; and weightage metric corresponding to the one or more data sets. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting a data set from the one or more data sets based on the weightage metric. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting the solution corresponding to the issue based on the selected data set. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the issue management system, consequential issues related to the issue reported to the issue management system; identifying, by the issue management system, one or more additional solutions to address the consequent issues; and communicating, by the issue management system, the one or more additional solutions to the network cloud that hosts the network device reporting the issue. 12. A system comprising:
an issue management system communicatively coupled to a plurality of network devices arranged in network clouds and a management station, wherein the network clouds belong to and are managed by different cloud service providers, wherein the issue management system is an intermediator between the management station and the plurality of network devices, and wherein the issue management system comprises: a machine-readable medium storing executable instructions; and a processing resource coupled to the machine-readable medium, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to: intercept an issue reported to the issue management system from a network device of the plurality of network devices; determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; communicate, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and relay, in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue to the management station for the management station to address the issue. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a common network gateway coupled to the issue management system, wherein the common network gateway is a network device that is separate from the issue management system and is coupled to the network clouds, wherein the common network gateway is to receive the issue reported by the network device and communicate the issue to the issue management system. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a solution provider network device disposed in each of the network clouds, wherein the solution provider network device is separate from the issue management system and is communicatively coupled to the common network gateway and one or more network devices in a respective cloud. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to transmit the solution to the solution provider network device in the network cloud via the common network gateway. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the solution provider network device is to communicate the solution to the network device that has reported the issue. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the knowledge base comprises:
one or more data sets corresponding to the network clouds, wherein a data set of the one or more data sets comprises information regarding one or more parameters pertaining to one or more categories of issues and solutions corresponding to the one or more categories of issues; and weightage metric corresponding to the one or more data sets. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to:
select a data set from the one or more data sets based on the weightage metric; and select the solution corresponding to the issue based on the selected data set. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to:
identify consequential issues related to the issue reported to the issue management system; identify one or more additional solutions to address the consequent issues; and communicate the one or more additional solutions to the network cloud that hosts the network device reporting the issue. 20. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processing resource, the instructions comprising:
instructions to intercept an issue reported to an issue management system from a network device of a plurality of network devices that are arranged in network clouds belonging to and managed by different cloud service providers; instructions to determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to an issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; instructions to communicate, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and instructions to relay, in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue to the management station for the management station to address the issue. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the network clouds include a public cloud and a private cloud. | 1,700 |
345,717 | 16,804,116 | 1,743 | Examples described herein relate to method and an issue management system for handling issues reported from network devices. The issue management system may receive an issue from a network device of a plurality of network devices arranged in one or more computing environments. The issue management system may determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base. Further, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the issue management system may communicate the solution to a computing environment of the one or more computing environments that hosts the network device reporting the issue. Alternatively, if there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue management system may relay the issue to a management station for the management station to address the issue. | 1. A method comprising:
intercepting, by an issue management system, an issue from a network device reported to a management station, the network device being included in a plurality of network devices communicatively coupled to the issue management system and arranged in network clouds belonging to and managed by different cloud service providers, wherein the issue management system is an intermediator between the management station and the plurality of network devices; determining, by the issue management system, whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, communicating, by the issue management system, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, relaying, by the issue management system, the issue to the management station communicatively coupled to the issue management system for the management station to address the issue. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the issue comprises an event, an alert, or both. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution comprises a remedial script, a software, software patch, pre-determined set of instructions, or combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the issue management system receives the issue from the network device via a common network gateway coupled to the network clouds, wherein the common network gateway is a network device that is separate from the issue management system. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein communicating the solution to the network cloud comprises transmitting the solution to a solution provider network device in the network cloud via the common network gateway, wherein at least some of the network clouds have respective solution provider network devices separate from the issue management system and each of the solution provider network devices maintains a respective local solution repository. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising communicating the solution from the solution provider network device to the network device that has reported the issue. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the knowledge base comprises:
one or more data sets corresponding to the network clouds, wherein a data set of the one or more data sets comprises information regarding one or more parameters pertaining to one or more categories of issues and solutions corresponding to the one or more categories of issues; and weightage metric corresponding to the one or more data sets. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting a data set from the one or more data sets based on the weightage metric. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting the solution corresponding to the issue based on the selected data set. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the issue management system, consequential issues related to the issue reported to the issue management system; identifying, by the issue management system, one or more additional solutions to address the consequent issues; and communicating, by the issue management system, the one or more additional solutions to the network cloud that hosts the network device reporting the issue. 12. A system comprising:
an issue management system communicatively coupled to a plurality of network devices arranged in network clouds and a management station, wherein the network clouds belong to and are managed by different cloud service providers, wherein the issue management system is an intermediator between the management station and the plurality of network devices, and wherein the issue management system comprises: a machine-readable medium storing executable instructions; and a processing resource coupled to the machine-readable medium, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to: intercept an issue reported to the issue management system from a network device of the plurality of network devices; determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; communicate, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and relay, in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue to the management station for the management station to address the issue. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a common network gateway coupled to the issue management system, wherein the common network gateway is a network device that is separate from the issue management system and is coupled to the network clouds, wherein the common network gateway is to receive the issue reported by the network device and communicate the issue to the issue management system. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a solution provider network device disposed in each of the network clouds, wherein the solution provider network device is separate from the issue management system and is communicatively coupled to the common network gateway and one or more network devices in a respective cloud. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to transmit the solution to the solution provider network device in the network cloud via the common network gateway. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the solution provider network device is to communicate the solution to the network device that has reported the issue. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the knowledge base comprises:
one or more data sets corresponding to the network clouds, wherein a data set of the one or more data sets comprises information regarding one or more parameters pertaining to one or more categories of issues and solutions corresponding to the one or more categories of issues; and weightage metric corresponding to the one or more data sets. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to:
select a data set from the one or more data sets based on the weightage metric; and select the solution corresponding to the issue based on the selected data set. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to:
identify consequential issues related to the issue reported to the issue management system; identify one or more additional solutions to address the consequent issues; and communicate the one or more additional solutions to the network cloud that hosts the network device reporting the issue. 20. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processing resource, the instructions comprising:
instructions to intercept an issue reported to an issue management system from a network device of a plurality of network devices that are arranged in network clouds belonging to and managed by different cloud service providers; instructions to determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to an issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; instructions to communicate, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and instructions to relay, in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue to the management station for the management station to address the issue. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the network clouds include a public cloud and a private cloud. | Examples described herein relate to method and an issue management system for handling issues reported from network devices. The issue management system may receive an issue from a network device of a plurality of network devices arranged in one or more computing environments. The issue management system may determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base. Further, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the issue management system may communicate the solution to a computing environment of the one or more computing environments that hosts the network device reporting the issue. Alternatively, if there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue management system may relay the issue to a management station for the management station to address the issue.1. A method comprising:
intercepting, by an issue management system, an issue from a network device reported to a management station, the network device being included in a plurality of network devices communicatively coupled to the issue management system and arranged in network clouds belonging to and managed by different cloud service providers, wherein the issue management system is an intermediator between the management station and the plurality of network devices; determining, by the issue management system, whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, communicating, by the issue management system, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, relaying, by the issue management system, the issue to the management station communicatively coupled to the issue management system for the management station to address the issue. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the issue comprises an event, an alert, or both. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution comprises a remedial script, a software, software patch, pre-determined set of instructions, or combinations thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the issue management system receives the issue from the network device via a common network gateway coupled to the network clouds, wherein the common network gateway is a network device that is separate from the issue management system. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein communicating the solution to the network cloud comprises transmitting the solution to a solution provider network device in the network cloud via the common network gateway, wherein at least some of the network clouds have respective solution provider network devices separate from the issue management system and each of the solution provider network devices maintains a respective local solution repository. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising communicating the solution from the solution provider network device to the network device that has reported the issue. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the knowledge base comprises:
one or more data sets corresponding to the network clouds, wherein a data set of the one or more data sets comprises information regarding one or more parameters pertaining to one or more categories of issues and solutions corresponding to the one or more categories of issues; and weightage metric corresponding to the one or more data sets. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting a data set from the one or more data sets based on the weightage metric. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting the solution corresponding to the issue based on the selected data set. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the issue management system, consequential issues related to the issue reported to the issue management system; identifying, by the issue management system, one or more additional solutions to address the consequent issues; and communicating, by the issue management system, the one or more additional solutions to the network cloud that hosts the network device reporting the issue. 12. A system comprising:
an issue management system communicatively coupled to a plurality of network devices arranged in network clouds and a management station, wherein the network clouds belong to and are managed by different cloud service providers, wherein the issue management system is an intermediator between the management station and the plurality of network devices, and wherein the issue management system comprises: a machine-readable medium storing executable instructions; and a processing resource coupled to the machine-readable medium, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to: intercept an issue reported to the issue management system from a network device of the plurality of network devices; determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to the issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; communicate, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and relay, in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue to the management station for the management station to address the issue. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a common network gateway coupled to the issue management system, wherein the common network gateway is a network device that is separate from the issue management system and is coupled to the network clouds, wherein the common network gateway is to receive the issue reported by the network device and communicate the issue to the issue management system. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a solution provider network device disposed in each of the network clouds, wherein the solution provider network device is separate from the issue management system and is communicatively coupled to the common network gateway and one or more network devices in a respective cloud. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to transmit the solution to the solution provider network device in the network cloud via the common network gateway. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the solution provider network device is to communicate the solution to the network device that has reported the issue. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the knowledge base comprises:
one or more data sets corresponding to the network clouds, wherein a data set of the one or more data sets comprises information regarding one or more parameters pertaining to one or more categories of issues and solutions corresponding to the one or more categories of issues; and weightage metric corresponding to the one or more data sets. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to:
select a data set from the one or more data sets based on the weightage metric; and select the solution corresponding to the issue based on the selected data set. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the processing resource executes the instructions to:
identify consequential issues related to the issue reported to the issue management system; identify one or more additional solutions to address the consequent issues; and communicate the one or more additional solutions to the network cloud that hosts the network device reporting the issue. 20. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processing resource, the instructions comprising:
instructions to intercept an issue reported to an issue management system from a network device of a plurality of network devices that are arranged in network clouds belonging to and managed by different cloud service providers; instructions to determine whether there exists a solution corresponding to an issue in a solution repository based on the issue and a knowledge base; instructions to communicate, in response to determining that there exists the solution corresponding to the issue, the solution to a network cloud of the network clouds that host the network device reporting the issue; and instructions to relay, in response to determining that there exists no solution corresponding to the issue, the issue to the management station for the management station to address the issue. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the network clouds include a public cloud and a private cloud. | 1,700 |
345,718 | 16,804,143 | 1,743 | A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of an apparatus with a display screen by causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner and utilizing the apparatus to measure an effect on a user exposed to the flicker for a time. | 1. A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of a smartphone with a display screen and that is capable of running apps, comprising the steps of:
a. causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner; b. exposing the user of the smartphone to the flicker during an exposure time thereby producing an effect on the brain of the user; and c. adjusting the flicker based upon the age of the user. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the display screen is a touch-screen display, and the at least one portion is the entire display. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone, and the app adjusts the flicker based upon the age of the user. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a medical condition of the user. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a biological parameter of the user. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon an ethnicity of the user. 10. A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of a smartphone with a display screen and that is capable of running apps, comprising the steps of:
a. causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner; b. exposing the user of the smartphone to the flicker during an exposure time thereby producing an effect on the brain of the user; and c. adjusting the flicker based upon the gender of the user. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the display screen is a touch-screen display, and the at least one portion is the entire display. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone, and the app adjusts the flicker based upon the gender of the user. 16. The method according to claim 10, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a medical condition of the user. 17. The method according to claim 10, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a biological parameter of the user. 18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon an ethnicity of the user. 19. A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of a smartphone with a display screen and that is capable of running apps, comprising the steps of:
a. causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner; b. exposing the user of the smartphone to the flicker during an exposure time thereby producing an effect on the brain of the user; and c. adjusting the flicker based upon the race of the user. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app running on the smartphone. 22. The method according to claim 19, wherein the display screen is a touch-screen display, and the at least one portion is the entire display. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone, and the app adjusts the flicker based upon the race of the user. 25. The method according to claim 19, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a medical condition of the user. 26. The method according to claim 19, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a biological parameter of the user. 27. The method according to claim 19, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon an ethnicity of the user. 28. A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of a smartphone with a display screen and that is capable of running apps, comprising the steps of:
a. causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner; b. exposing the user of the smartphone to the flicker during an exposure time thereby producing an effect on the brain of the user; and c. adjusting the flicker based upon a medical condition of the user and feedback from a plurality of other users. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone. | A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of an apparatus with a display screen by causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner and utilizing the apparatus to measure an effect on a user exposed to the flicker for a time.1. A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of a smartphone with a display screen and that is capable of running apps, comprising the steps of:
a. causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner; b. exposing the user of the smartphone to the flicker during an exposure time thereby producing an effect on the brain of the user; and c. adjusting the flicker based upon the age of the user. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the display screen is a touch-screen display, and the at least one portion is the entire display. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone, and the app adjusts the flicker based upon the age of the user. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a medical condition of the user. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a biological parameter of the user. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon an ethnicity of the user. 10. A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of a smartphone with a display screen and that is capable of running apps, comprising the steps of:
a. causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner; b. exposing the user of the smartphone to the flicker during an exposure time thereby producing an effect on the brain of the user; and c. adjusting the flicker based upon the gender of the user. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the display screen is a touch-screen display, and the at least one portion is the entire display. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone, and the app adjusts the flicker based upon the gender of the user. 16. The method according to claim 10, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a medical condition of the user. 17. The method according to claim 10, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a biological parameter of the user. 18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon an ethnicity of the user. 19. A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of a smartphone with a display screen and that is capable of running apps, comprising the steps of:
a. causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner; b. exposing the user of the smartphone to the flicker during an exposure time thereby producing an effect on the brain of the user; and c. adjusting the flicker based upon the race of the user. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app running on the smartphone. 22. The method according to claim 19, wherein the display screen is a touch-screen display, and the at least one portion is the entire display. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone, and the app adjusts the flicker based upon the race of the user. 25. The method according to claim 19, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a medical condition of the user. 26. The method according to claim 19, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon a biological parameter of the user. 27. The method according to claim 19, further comprising adjusting the flicker based upon an ethnicity of the user. 28. A method for stimulating neural activity in the brain of a user of a smartphone with a display screen and that is capable of running apps, comprising the steps of:
a. causing at least one portion of the display screen to flicker in a controlled manner; b. exposing the user of the smartphone to the flicker during an exposure time thereby producing an effect on the brain of the user; and c. adjusting the flicker based upon a medical condition of the user and feedback from a plurality of other users. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the flicker is adjusted by the user. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the flicker is adjusted by an app that is running on the smartphone. | 1,700 |
345,719 | 16,804,102 | 1,743 | A vehicle seat includes a seatback having an upper portion. An adjustable headrest assembly is supported on the upper portion of the seatback. The adjustable headrest assembly has a headrest bun and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the headrest bun between extended and retracted positions. A trim component is disposed on the upper portion of the seatback having a relief portion. The relief portion is configured to receive a portion of the adjustment mechanism as the headrest bun is driven towards the extended position. A flexible cover member is coupled to the trim component at the relief portion. The flexible cover member has a plate member operable between extend and retracted positions. The portion of the adjustment mechanism abuts an inner surface of the plate member to move the plate member towards the extended position as the headrest bun is driven towards the extended position. | 1. A vehicle seat, comprising:
a seatback having an upper portion; a headrest assembly coupled to the upper portion; and a cover member positioned below the headrest assembly comprising a generally U-shaped support frame and a plate member pivotally coupled to a lower portion of the support frame through a flexible joint, wherein ends of the plate member are coupled to side members of the support frame through flexible connectors. 2. The vehicle seat of claim 1, wherein the flexible connectors extend from the flexible joint to distal ends of the side members. 3. The vehicle seat of claim 1, wherein the flexible connectors are operable between at-rest and stretched conditions 4. The vehicle seat of claim 3, wherein the flexible connectors are resilient members biased towards the at-rest condition. 5. The vehicle seat of claim 3, wherein the plate member is in a retracted position when the flexible connectors are in the at-rest condition. 6. The vehicle seat of claim 1, further comprising:
a rigidifying member disposed on an inner surface of the plate member. 7. The vehicle seat of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of mounting slots disposed on the support frame. | A vehicle seat includes a seatback having an upper portion. An adjustable headrest assembly is supported on the upper portion of the seatback. The adjustable headrest assembly has a headrest bun and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the headrest bun between extended and retracted positions. A trim component is disposed on the upper portion of the seatback having a relief portion. The relief portion is configured to receive a portion of the adjustment mechanism as the headrest bun is driven towards the extended position. A flexible cover member is coupled to the trim component at the relief portion. The flexible cover member has a plate member operable between extend and retracted positions. The portion of the adjustment mechanism abuts an inner surface of the plate member to move the plate member towards the extended position as the headrest bun is driven towards the extended position.1. A vehicle seat, comprising:
a seatback having an upper portion; a headrest assembly coupled to the upper portion; and a cover member positioned below the headrest assembly comprising a generally U-shaped support frame and a plate member pivotally coupled to a lower portion of the support frame through a flexible joint, wherein ends of the plate member are coupled to side members of the support frame through flexible connectors. 2. The vehicle seat of claim 1, wherein the flexible connectors extend from the flexible joint to distal ends of the side members. 3. The vehicle seat of claim 1, wherein the flexible connectors are operable between at-rest and stretched conditions 4. The vehicle seat of claim 3, wherein the flexible connectors are resilient members biased towards the at-rest condition. 5. The vehicle seat of claim 3, wherein the plate member is in a retracted position when the flexible connectors are in the at-rest condition. 6. The vehicle seat of claim 1, further comprising:
a rigidifying member disposed on an inner surface of the plate member. 7. The vehicle seat of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of mounting slots disposed on the support frame. | 1,700 |
345,720 | 16,804,139 | 1,743 | A variable gain amplifier device includes a variable gain amplifier circuitry and a control voltage generating circuitry. The variable gain amplifier circuitry is configured to amplify input signals to generate output signals, wherein the variable gain amplifier circuitry includes a gain setting circuit that is configured to set a gain of the variable gain amplifier circuitry according to a control voltage. The control voltage generation circuitry is configured to simulate at least one circuit portion of the variable gain amplifier circuitry, in order to generate the control voltage according to the input signals and a setting voltage. | 1. A variable gain amplifier device comprising:
a variable gain amplifier circuitry configured to amplify input signals to generate a plurality of output signals, wherein the variable gain amplifier circuitry comprises a gain setting circuit that is configured to set a gain of the variable gain amplifier circuitry according to a control voltage; and a control voltage generation circuitry configured to simulate at least one circuit portion of the variable gain amplifier circuitry, in order to generate the control voltage according to the input signals and a setting voltage. 2. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 1, wherein the control voltage generation circuitry is further configured to generate the control voltage according to the input signals, the setting voltage, and at least one node voltage, wherein the at least one node voltage is outputted from at least one node in the at least one circuit portion. 3. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 2, wherein the at least one circuit portion comprises the gain setting circuit, and the gain setting circuit is coupled to the at least one node. 4. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 1, wherein the control voltage generation circuitry comprises:
a simulation circuit configured to simulate the at least one circuit portion, and configured to generate a first voltage according to a first reference signal; and a feedback control circuit coupled to the simulation circuit, and configured to generate the control voltage according to a second reference signal and the first voltage. 5. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 4, wherein the first reference signal is generated according to the input signals and the setting voltage. 6. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 5, wherein the first reference signal is the sum of the setting voltage and an average value of the input signals. 7. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 4, wherein the second reference signal is generated according to the setting voltage and at least one node voltage associated with the at least one circuit portion. 8. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 7, wherein the second reference signal is the difference of the setting voltage and an average value of the at least one node voltage. 9. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 1, wherein the gain setting circuit is configured to provide an equivalent resistance to set the gain, and the equivalent resistance is determined according to twice the setting voltage. 10. A variable gain amplifier device comprising:
a plurality of first transistors configured to generate a first output signal and a second output signal according to a first input signal and a second input signal; a second transistor coupled to the first transistors at a first node and a second node, wherein the second transistor is configured to receive a control voltage to set a gain; a third transistor configured to receive a first reference signal; a fourth transistor, wherein a first terminal of the fourth transistor is coupled to the third transistor; and an amplifier, wherein a first input terminal of the amplifier is configured to receive a second reference signal, a second input terminal of the amplifier is coupled to a second terminal of the fourth transistor, and an output terminal of the amplifier is coupled to a control terminal of the fourth transistor and configured to output the control voltage. 11. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 10, wherein an equivalent resistance of the third transistor is determined according to twice the setting voltage. 12. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 10, wherein the first reference signal is generated according to the input signals and a setting voltage. 13. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 12, wherein the first reference signal is the sum of the setting voltage and an average value of the input signals. 14. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 10, wherein the second reference signal is generated according to a first node voltage on the first node, a second node voltage on the second node, and a setting voltage. 15. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 14, wherein the second reference signal is the difference of the setting voltage and an average value of the at least one node voltage. 16. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 10, wherein a connection of the third transistor and the fourth transistor is set to be the same as a connection of one of the first transistors and the second transistor. | A variable gain amplifier device includes a variable gain amplifier circuitry and a control voltage generating circuitry. The variable gain amplifier circuitry is configured to amplify input signals to generate output signals, wherein the variable gain amplifier circuitry includes a gain setting circuit that is configured to set a gain of the variable gain amplifier circuitry according to a control voltage. The control voltage generation circuitry is configured to simulate at least one circuit portion of the variable gain amplifier circuitry, in order to generate the control voltage according to the input signals and a setting voltage.1. A variable gain amplifier device comprising:
a variable gain amplifier circuitry configured to amplify input signals to generate a plurality of output signals, wherein the variable gain amplifier circuitry comprises a gain setting circuit that is configured to set a gain of the variable gain amplifier circuitry according to a control voltage; and a control voltage generation circuitry configured to simulate at least one circuit portion of the variable gain amplifier circuitry, in order to generate the control voltage according to the input signals and a setting voltage. 2. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 1, wherein the control voltage generation circuitry is further configured to generate the control voltage according to the input signals, the setting voltage, and at least one node voltage, wherein the at least one node voltage is outputted from at least one node in the at least one circuit portion. 3. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 2, wherein the at least one circuit portion comprises the gain setting circuit, and the gain setting circuit is coupled to the at least one node. 4. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 1, wherein the control voltage generation circuitry comprises:
a simulation circuit configured to simulate the at least one circuit portion, and configured to generate a first voltage according to a first reference signal; and a feedback control circuit coupled to the simulation circuit, and configured to generate the control voltage according to a second reference signal and the first voltage. 5. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 4, wherein the first reference signal is generated according to the input signals and the setting voltage. 6. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 5, wherein the first reference signal is the sum of the setting voltage and an average value of the input signals. 7. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 4, wherein the second reference signal is generated according to the setting voltage and at least one node voltage associated with the at least one circuit portion. 8. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 7, wherein the second reference signal is the difference of the setting voltage and an average value of the at least one node voltage. 9. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 1, wherein the gain setting circuit is configured to provide an equivalent resistance to set the gain, and the equivalent resistance is determined according to twice the setting voltage. 10. A variable gain amplifier device comprising:
a plurality of first transistors configured to generate a first output signal and a second output signal according to a first input signal and a second input signal; a second transistor coupled to the first transistors at a first node and a second node, wherein the second transistor is configured to receive a control voltage to set a gain; a third transistor configured to receive a first reference signal; a fourth transistor, wherein a first terminal of the fourth transistor is coupled to the third transistor; and an amplifier, wherein a first input terminal of the amplifier is configured to receive a second reference signal, a second input terminal of the amplifier is coupled to a second terminal of the fourth transistor, and an output terminal of the amplifier is coupled to a control terminal of the fourth transistor and configured to output the control voltage. 11. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 10, wherein an equivalent resistance of the third transistor is determined according to twice the setting voltage. 12. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 10, wherein the first reference signal is generated according to the input signals and a setting voltage. 13. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 12, wherein the first reference signal is the sum of the setting voltage and an average value of the input signals. 14. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 10, wherein the second reference signal is generated according to a first node voltage on the first node, a second node voltage on the second node, and a setting voltage. 15. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 14, wherein the second reference signal is the difference of the setting voltage and an average value of the at least one node voltage. 16. The variable gain amplifier device of claim 10, wherein a connection of the third transistor and the fourth transistor is set to be the same as a connection of one of the first transistors and the second transistor. | 1,700 |
345,721 | 16,804,128 | 1,743 | Techniques are disclosed relating to dynamically allocating and mapping private memory for requesting circuitry. Disclosed circuitry may receive a private address and translate the private address to a virtual address (which an MMU may then translate to physical address to actually access a storage element). In some embodiments, private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate page table information and map private memory pages for requests if the page table information is not already setup. In various embodiments, this may advantageously allow dynamic private memory allocation, e.g., to efficiently allocate memory for graphics shaders with different types of workloads. Disclosed caching techniques for page table information may improve performance relative to traditional techniques. Further, disclosed embodiments may facilitate memory consolidation across a device such as a graphics processor. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
first circuitry configured to request to access a private memory space using a first address; private memory allocation circuitry configured to:
determine whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address;
in response to determining that a page is not mapped, generate page table information for the private memory space and map a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; and
generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and
memory management unit (MMU) circuitry configured to translate the virtual address to a physical address in a storage element of the apparatus. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
first cache circuitry configured to cache page table entries corresponding to requests from the first circuitry. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry includes:
second cache circuitry configured to cache, for multiple different requesting circuits, page table information at one or more non-lowest levels of a page table hierarchy. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second cache circuitry includes a page directory cache and a page catalog cache. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain a count of available pages; and
wherein, in response to a page reserve request, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to decrement the count and provide a page grant response. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry includes multiple distributed units that are each dedicated to a set of shader processors and a global unit configured to communicate with the distributed units to manage page requests. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
process a translate-no-map request that specifies to translate a private address to a virtual address if a corresponding private memory page is mapped to a virtual address for the private address, but not to map a private virtual page for the address otherwise. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
unmap a virtual page from a private memory page in response to an unmap request. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, to generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate a hash of the first address and access multiple levels of a page table hierarchy based on portions of the hash result. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the page table information includes multiple hierarchical levels, wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain tracking information at each level indicating whether entries at lower levels are valid, and wherein the apparatus is configured to free a page of the page table hierarchy in response to one or more unmap requests causing tracking information to indicate that the page does not have any corresponding valid entries. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to access a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and access a second page table hierarchy to translate the virtual address to the physical address. 12. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon design information that specifies a design of at least a portion of a hardware integrated circuit in a format recognized by a semiconductor fabrication system that is configured to use the design information to produce the circuit according to the design, wherein the design information specifies that the circuit includes:
first circuitry configured to request to access a private memory space using a first address; private memory allocation circuitry configured to:
determine whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address;
in response to determining that a page is not mapped, generate page table information for the private memory space and map a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; and
generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and
memory management unit (MMU) circuitry configured to translate the virtual address to a physical address in a storage element. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, further comprising:
first cache circuitry configured to cache page table entries corresponding to requests from the first circuitry; and second cache circuitry configured to cache, for multiple different requesting circuits, page table information at one or more non-lowest levels of a page table hierarchy. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the second cache circuitry includes a page directory cache and a page catalog cache. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
process a translate-no-map request that specifies to translate a private address to a virtual address if a corresponding private memory page is mapped to a virtual address for the private address, but not to map a private virtual page for the address otherwise. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein, to generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate a hash of the first address and access multiple levels of a page table hierarchy based on portions of the hash result. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the circuit is configured to access a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and access a second page table hierarchy to translate the virtual address to the physical address. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving, by private memory allocation circuitry, a request that includes a first address in a private memory space; determining, by the private memory allocation circuitry, whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address; in response to determining that a page is not mapped, the private memory allocation circuitry generating page table information for the private memory space and mapping a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; generating a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and translating the virtual address to a physical address and accessing data for the request using the physical address. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
caching, by first cache circuitry, page table entries corresponding to requests from circuitry that issued the request; and caching, by second cache circuitry, page directory and page catalog information. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the generating the virtual address includes accessing a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and wherein the translating the virtual address to a physical address includes accessing a second page table hierarchy. | Techniques are disclosed relating to dynamically allocating and mapping private memory for requesting circuitry. Disclosed circuitry may receive a private address and translate the private address to a virtual address (which an MMU may then translate to physical address to actually access a storage element). In some embodiments, private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate page table information and map private memory pages for requests if the page table information is not already setup. In various embodiments, this may advantageously allow dynamic private memory allocation, e.g., to efficiently allocate memory for graphics shaders with different types of workloads. Disclosed caching techniques for page table information may improve performance relative to traditional techniques. Further, disclosed embodiments may facilitate memory consolidation across a device such as a graphics processor.1. An apparatus, comprising:
first circuitry configured to request to access a private memory space using a first address; private memory allocation circuitry configured to:
determine whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address;
in response to determining that a page is not mapped, generate page table information for the private memory space and map a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; and
generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and
memory management unit (MMU) circuitry configured to translate the virtual address to a physical address in a storage element of the apparatus. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
first cache circuitry configured to cache page table entries corresponding to requests from the first circuitry. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry includes:
second cache circuitry configured to cache, for multiple different requesting circuits, page table information at one or more non-lowest levels of a page table hierarchy. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second cache circuitry includes a page directory cache and a page catalog cache. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain a count of available pages; and
wherein, in response to a page reserve request, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to decrement the count and provide a page grant response. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry includes multiple distributed units that are each dedicated to a set of shader processors and a global unit configured to communicate with the distributed units to manage page requests. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
process a translate-no-map request that specifies to translate a private address to a virtual address if a corresponding private memory page is mapped to a virtual address for the private address, but not to map a private virtual page for the address otherwise. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
unmap a virtual page from a private memory page in response to an unmap request. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, to generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate a hash of the first address and access multiple levels of a page table hierarchy based on portions of the hash result. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the page table information includes multiple hierarchical levels, wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain tracking information at each level indicating whether entries at lower levels are valid, and wherein the apparatus is configured to free a page of the page table hierarchy in response to one or more unmap requests causing tracking information to indicate that the page does not have any corresponding valid entries. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to access a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and access a second page table hierarchy to translate the virtual address to the physical address. 12. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon design information that specifies a design of at least a portion of a hardware integrated circuit in a format recognized by a semiconductor fabrication system that is configured to use the design information to produce the circuit according to the design, wherein the design information specifies that the circuit includes:
first circuitry configured to request to access a private memory space using a first address; private memory allocation circuitry configured to:
determine whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address;
in response to determining that a page is not mapped, generate page table information for the private memory space and map a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; and
generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and
memory management unit (MMU) circuitry configured to translate the virtual address to a physical address in a storage element. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, further comprising:
first cache circuitry configured to cache page table entries corresponding to requests from the first circuitry; and second cache circuitry configured to cache, for multiple different requesting circuits, page table information at one or more non-lowest levels of a page table hierarchy. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the second cache circuitry includes a page directory cache and a page catalog cache. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
process a translate-no-map request that specifies to translate a private address to a virtual address if a corresponding private memory page is mapped to a virtual address for the private address, but not to map a private virtual page for the address otherwise. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein, to generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate a hash of the first address and access multiple levels of a page table hierarchy based on portions of the hash result. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the circuit is configured to access a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and access a second page table hierarchy to translate the virtual address to the physical address. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving, by private memory allocation circuitry, a request that includes a first address in a private memory space; determining, by the private memory allocation circuitry, whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address; in response to determining that a page is not mapped, the private memory allocation circuitry generating page table information for the private memory space and mapping a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; generating a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and translating the virtual address to a physical address and accessing data for the request using the physical address. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
caching, by first cache circuitry, page table entries corresponding to requests from circuitry that issued the request; and caching, by second cache circuitry, page directory and page catalog information. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the generating the virtual address includes accessing a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and wherein the translating the virtual address to a physical address includes accessing a second page table hierarchy. | 1,700 |
345,722 | 16,804,111 | 3,652 | Techniques are disclosed relating to dynamically allocating and mapping private memory for requesting circuitry. Disclosed circuitry may receive a private address and translate the private address to a virtual address (which an MMU may then translate to physical address to actually access a storage element). In some embodiments, private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate page table information and map private memory pages for requests if the page table information is not already setup. In various embodiments, this may advantageously allow dynamic private memory allocation, e.g., to efficiently allocate memory for graphics shaders with different types of workloads. Disclosed caching techniques for page table information may improve performance relative to traditional techniques. Further, disclosed embodiments may facilitate memory consolidation across a device such as a graphics processor. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
first circuitry configured to request to access a private memory space using a first address; private memory allocation circuitry configured to:
determine whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address;
in response to determining that a page is not mapped, generate page table information for the private memory space and map a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; and
generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and
memory management unit (MMU) circuitry configured to translate the virtual address to a physical address in a storage element of the apparatus. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
first cache circuitry configured to cache page table entries corresponding to requests from the first circuitry. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry includes:
second cache circuitry configured to cache, for multiple different requesting circuits, page table information at one or more non-lowest levels of a page table hierarchy. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second cache circuitry includes a page directory cache and a page catalog cache. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain a count of available pages; and
wherein, in response to a page reserve request, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to decrement the count and provide a page grant response. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry includes multiple distributed units that are each dedicated to a set of shader processors and a global unit configured to communicate with the distributed units to manage page requests. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
process a translate-no-map request that specifies to translate a private address to a virtual address if a corresponding private memory page is mapped to a virtual address for the private address, but not to map a private virtual page for the address otherwise. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
unmap a virtual page from a private memory page in response to an unmap request. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, to generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate a hash of the first address and access multiple levels of a page table hierarchy based on portions of the hash result. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the page table information includes multiple hierarchical levels, wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain tracking information at each level indicating whether entries at lower levels are valid, and wherein the apparatus is configured to free a page of the page table hierarchy in response to one or more unmap requests causing tracking information to indicate that the page does not have any corresponding valid entries. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to access a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and access a second page table hierarchy to translate the virtual address to the physical address. 12. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon design information that specifies a design of at least a portion of a hardware integrated circuit in a format recognized by a semiconductor fabrication system that is configured to use the design information to produce the circuit according to the design, wherein the design information specifies that the circuit includes:
first circuitry configured to request to access a private memory space using a first address; private memory allocation circuitry configured to:
determine whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address;
in response to determining that a page is not mapped, generate page table information for the private memory space and map a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; and
generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and
memory management unit (MMU) circuitry configured to translate the virtual address to a physical address in a storage element. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, further comprising:
first cache circuitry configured to cache page table entries corresponding to requests from the first circuitry; and second cache circuitry configured to cache, for multiple different requesting circuits, page table information at one or more non-lowest levels of a page table hierarchy. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the second cache circuitry includes a page directory cache and a page catalog cache. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
process a translate-no-map request that specifies to translate a private address to a virtual address if a corresponding private memory page is mapped to a virtual address for the private address, but not to map a private virtual page for the address otherwise. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein, to generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate a hash of the first address and access multiple levels of a page table hierarchy based on portions of the hash result. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the circuit is configured to access a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and access a second page table hierarchy to translate the virtual address to the physical address. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving, by private memory allocation circuitry, a request that includes a first address in a private memory space; determining, by the private memory allocation circuitry, whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address; in response to determining that a page is not mapped, the private memory allocation circuitry generating page table information for the private memory space and mapping a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; generating a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and translating the virtual address to a physical address and accessing data for the request using the physical address. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
caching, by first cache circuitry, page table entries corresponding to requests from circuitry that issued the request; and caching, by second cache circuitry, page directory and page catalog information. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the generating the virtual address includes accessing a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and wherein the translating the virtual address to a physical address includes accessing a second page table hierarchy. | Techniques are disclosed relating to dynamically allocating and mapping private memory for requesting circuitry. Disclosed circuitry may receive a private address and translate the private address to a virtual address (which an MMU may then translate to physical address to actually access a storage element). In some embodiments, private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate page table information and map private memory pages for requests if the page table information is not already setup. In various embodiments, this may advantageously allow dynamic private memory allocation, e.g., to efficiently allocate memory for graphics shaders with different types of workloads. Disclosed caching techniques for page table information may improve performance relative to traditional techniques. Further, disclosed embodiments may facilitate memory consolidation across a device such as a graphics processor.1. An apparatus, comprising:
first circuitry configured to request to access a private memory space using a first address; private memory allocation circuitry configured to:
determine whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address;
in response to determining that a page is not mapped, generate page table information for the private memory space and map a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; and
generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and
memory management unit (MMU) circuitry configured to translate the virtual address to a physical address in a storage element of the apparatus. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
first cache circuitry configured to cache page table entries corresponding to requests from the first circuitry. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry includes:
second cache circuitry configured to cache, for multiple different requesting circuits, page table information at one or more non-lowest levels of a page table hierarchy. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second cache circuitry includes a page directory cache and a page catalog cache. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain a count of available pages; and
wherein, in response to a page reserve request, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to decrement the count and provide a page grant response. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry includes multiple distributed units that are each dedicated to a set of shader processors and a global unit configured to communicate with the distributed units to manage page requests. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
process a translate-no-map request that specifies to translate a private address to a virtual address if a corresponding private memory page is mapped to a virtual address for the private address, but not to map a private virtual page for the address otherwise. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
unmap a virtual page from a private memory page in response to an unmap request. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, to generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate a hash of the first address and access multiple levels of a page table hierarchy based on portions of the hash result. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the page table information includes multiple hierarchical levels, wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain tracking information at each level indicating whether entries at lower levels are valid, and wherein the apparatus is configured to free a page of the page table hierarchy in response to one or more unmap requests causing tracking information to indicate that the page does not have any corresponding valid entries. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to access a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and access a second page table hierarchy to translate the virtual address to the physical address. 12. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon design information that specifies a design of at least a portion of a hardware integrated circuit in a format recognized by a semiconductor fabrication system that is configured to use the design information to produce the circuit according to the design, wherein the design information specifies that the circuit includes:
first circuitry configured to request to access a private memory space using a first address; private memory allocation circuitry configured to:
determine whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address;
in response to determining that a page is not mapped, generate page table information for the private memory space and map a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; and
generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and
memory management unit (MMU) circuitry configured to translate the virtual address to a physical address in a storage element. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, further comprising:
first cache circuitry configured to cache page table entries corresponding to requests from the first circuitry; and second cache circuitry configured to cache, for multiple different requesting circuits, page table information at one or more non-lowest levels of a page table hierarchy. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the second cache circuitry includes a page directory cache and a page catalog cache. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the private memory allocation circuitry is further configured to:
process a translate-no-map request that specifies to translate a private address to a virtual address if a corresponding private memory page is mapped to a virtual address for the private address, but not to map a private virtual page for the address otherwise. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein, to generate a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page, the private memory allocation circuitry is configured to generate a hash of the first address and access multiple levels of a page table hierarchy based on portions of the hash result. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the circuit is configured to access a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and access a second page table hierarchy to translate the virtual address to the physical address. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving, by private memory allocation circuitry, a request that includes a first address in a private memory space; determining, by the private memory allocation circuitry, whether a page in a virtual space is mapped for the first address; in response to determining that a page is not mapped, the private memory allocation circuitry generating page table information for the private memory space and mapping a private memory page for the first address to the virtual space; generating a virtual address for the request based on the mapped private memory page; and translating the virtual address to a physical address and accessing data for the request using the physical address. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
caching, by first cache circuitry, page table entries corresponding to requests from circuitry that issued the request; and caching, by second cache circuitry, page directory and page catalog information. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the generating the virtual address includes accessing a first page table hierarchy to translate the first address to the virtual address and wherein the translating the virtual address to a physical address includes accessing a second page table hierarchy. | 3,600 |
345,723 | 16,804,154 | 3,652 | Systems and methods are presented of operating a seawater system to reduce fouling. The seawater system may be installed in a waterborne vessel. A method comprises establishing suction in a first manifold, drawing seawater through a first manifold port, and discharging seawater through a second manifold simultaneous to drawing fluid through the first manifold port. The first manifold is in fluid communication with a first manifold port defined by a cover assembly. The second manifold is in fluid communication with a second manifold port defined by the cover assembly. The cover assembly is positioned in contact with a body of seawater. | 1. A method of operating a seawater system of a waterborne vessel to reduce fouling comprising:
establishing suction in a first manifold, the first manifold in fluid communication with a first manifold port defined by a cover assembly, the cover assembly positioned in contact with a body of seawater; drawing seawater through the first manifold port; discharging seawater through a second manifold port defined by the cover assembly and having a second manifold in fluid communication with the second manifold port, wherein the discharging of seawater through the second manifold port is simultaneous to drawing fluid through the first manifold port; and monitoring at least one of the following operating parameters to evaluate the seawater system for fouling of one or more of the first manifold port and the second manifold port: lowering suction pressure, rising seawater temperature, lowering vacuum in a heat exchanger, and any indication of pump cavitation. | Systems and methods are presented of operating a seawater system to reduce fouling. The seawater system may be installed in a waterborne vessel. A method comprises establishing suction in a first manifold, drawing seawater through a first manifold port, and discharging seawater through a second manifold simultaneous to drawing fluid through the first manifold port. The first manifold is in fluid communication with a first manifold port defined by a cover assembly. The second manifold is in fluid communication with a second manifold port defined by the cover assembly. The cover assembly is positioned in contact with a body of seawater.1. A method of operating a seawater system of a waterborne vessel to reduce fouling comprising:
establishing suction in a first manifold, the first manifold in fluid communication with a first manifold port defined by a cover assembly, the cover assembly positioned in contact with a body of seawater; drawing seawater through the first manifold port; discharging seawater through a second manifold port defined by the cover assembly and having a second manifold in fluid communication with the second manifold port, wherein the discharging of seawater through the second manifold port is simultaneous to drawing fluid through the first manifold port; and monitoring at least one of the following operating parameters to evaluate the seawater system for fouling of one or more of the first manifold port and the second manifold port: lowering suction pressure, rising seawater temperature, lowering vacuum in a heat exchanger, and any indication of pump cavitation. | 3,600 |
345,724 | 16,804,131 | 3,652 | Methods and computing devices implementing the methods maintain an information interface for contact information that includes temporal information related to when information elements within a contact record were last updated. The computing device may receive contact information for a field of a data record in a contact database and determine whether the contact information differs from previously stored contact information. In response to determining that the contact information differs from the previously stored contact information, the computing device may store the contact information and a time stamp in the data record. The time stamp may indicate when the contact information is stored. | 1. A method executed by a processor of a computing device for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 8. A computing device, comprising:
a display; a memory; and a processor coupled to the display and the memory, and configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database;
determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and
storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 9. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 10. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 11. The computing device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 12. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 13. The computing device of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 14. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 15. A non-transitory processor-readable medium having stored thereon processor-executable instructions configured to cause a processor of a computing device to perform operations, for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 16. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 17. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 18. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 19. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 20. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations such that the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 21. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations such that storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 22. A computing device, comprising:
means for receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; means for determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same the individual or organization; and means for storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 23. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 24. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 25. The computing device of claim 24, further comprising:
means for displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 26. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 27. The computing device of claim 26, wherein the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 28. The computing device of claim 22, wherein storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. | Methods and computing devices implementing the methods maintain an information interface for contact information that includes temporal information related to when information elements within a contact record were last updated. The computing device may receive contact information for a field of a data record in a contact database and determine whether the contact information differs from previously stored contact information. In response to determining that the contact information differs from the previously stored contact information, the computing device may store the contact information and a time stamp in the data record. The time stamp may indicate when the contact information is stored.1. A method executed by a processor of a computing device for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 8. A computing device, comprising:
a display; a memory; and a processor coupled to the display and the memory, and configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database;
determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and
storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 9. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 10. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 11. The computing device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 12. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 13. The computing device of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 14. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 15. A non-transitory processor-readable medium having stored thereon processor-executable instructions configured to cause a processor of a computing device to perform operations, for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 16. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 17. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 18. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 19. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 20. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations such that the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 21. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations such that storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 22. A computing device, comprising:
means for receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; means for determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same the individual or organization; and means for storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 23. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 24. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 25. The computing device of claim 24, further comprising:
means for displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 26. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 27. The computing device of claim 26, wherein the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 28. The computing device of claim 22, wherein storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. | 3,600 |
345,725 | 16,804,145 | 3,652 | Methods and computing devices implementing the methods maintain an information interface for contact information that includes temporal information related to when information elements within a contact record were last updated. The computing device may receive contact information for a field of a data record in a contact database and determine whether the contact information differs from previously stored contact information. In response to determining that the contact information differs from the previously stored contact information, the computing device may store the contact information and a time stamp in the data record. The time stamp may indicate when the contact information is stored. | 1. A method executed by a processor of a computing device for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 8. A computing device, comprising:
a display; a memory; and a processor coupled to the display and the memory, and configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database;
determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and
storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 9. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 10. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 11. The computing device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 12. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 13. The computing device of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 14. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 15. A non-transitory processor-readable medium having stored thereon processor-executable instructions configured to cause a processor of a computing device to perform operations, for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 16. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 17. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 18. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 19. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 20. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations such that the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 21. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations such that storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 22. A computing device, comprising:
means for receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; means for determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same the individual or organization; and means for storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 23. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 24. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 25. The computing device of claim 24, further comprising:
means for displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 26. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 27. The computing device of claim 26, wherein the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 28. The computing device of claim 22, wherein storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. | Methods and computing devices implementing the methods maintain an information interface for contact information that includes temporal information related to when information elements within a contact record were last updated. The computing device may receive contact information for a field of a data record in a contact database and determine whether the contact information differs from previously stored contact information. In response to determining that the contact information differs from the previously stored contact information, the computing device may store the contact information and a time stamp in the data record. The time stamp may indicate when the contact information is stored.1. A method executed by a processor of a computing device for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 8. A computing device, comprising:
a display; a memory; and a processor coupled to the display and the memory, and configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database;
determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and
storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 9. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 10. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 11. The computing device of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 12. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 13. The computing device of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 14. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 15. A non-transitory processor-readable medium having stored thereon processor-executable instructions configured to cause a processor of a computing device to perform operations, for maintaining an information interface for contact information, comprising:
receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization; and storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 16. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 17. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 18. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with the received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 19. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations further comprising:
displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 20. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations such that the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 21. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause the processor of the computing device to perform operations such that storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. 22. A computing device, comprising:
means for receiving contact information for a field of a data record of an individual or organization having a previously stored data record in a contact database; means for determining whether the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same the individual or organization; and means for storing, in the data record, the received contact information and a time stamp indicating when the received contact information is stored in response to determining that the received contact information for the individual or organization differs from previously stored contact information for the same individual or organization. 23. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for generating the time stamp in response to receiving an instruction to store the received contact information in the data record. 24. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for displaying the received contact information and a value reflecting the time stamp. 25. The computing device of claim 24, further comprising:
means for displaying previous contact information with a corresponding time stamp indicating when the previous contact information was previously stored in the data record together with received contact information displayed along with the corresponding time stamp. 26. The computing device of claim 22, further comprising:
means for displaying the received contact information with an indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 27. The computing device of claim 26, wherein the indication as to whether the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information includes a symbol that denotes the received contact information is newer than the previously stored contact information. 28. The computing device of claim 22, wherein storing the received contact information and the time stamp includes maintaining an indication in the data record of when the previously stored contact information was stored in the data record. | 3,600 |
345,726 | 16,804,153 | 3,652 | The present invention relates to certain SGLT-2 inhibitors for treating and/or preventing oxidative stress, for example in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, as well as to the use of such SGLT-2 inhibitors in treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients, for example type 1 or type 2 diabetes patients. The present invention further relates to certain SGLT-2 inhibitors for treating and/or preventing a metabolic disorder and preventing, reducing the risk of or delaying the occurrence of a cardiovascular event in patients, for example patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. | 1. A method to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality by reducing cardiovascular death in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, said method comprising administering empagliflozin to the patient. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said patient has or is at risk of a cardiovascular disease. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein empagliflozin is administered orally in a total daily amount of 10 mg or 25 mg. | The present invention relates to certain SGLT-2 inhibitors for treating and/or preventing oxidative stress, for example in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, as well as to the use of such SGLT-2 inhibitors in treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients, for example type 1 or type 2 diabetes patients. The present invention further relates to certain SGLT-2 inhibitors for treating and/or preventing a metabolic disorder and preventing, reducing the risk of or delaying the occurrence of a cardiovascular event in patients, for example patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.1. A method to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality by reducing cardiovascular death in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, said method comprising administering empagliflozin to the patient. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said patient has or is at risk of a cardiovascular disease. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein empagliflozin is administered orally in a total daily amount of 10 mg or 25 mg. | 3,600 |
345,727 | 16,804,148 | 2,685 | An electronic notification pet collar is shown and described. The pet collar includes a collar strap. The collar strap has an interior volume. The interior volume houses wiring connected to lighting and an external component module. The collar strap has an externally affixed component module that houses a CPU, a GPS module, a wireless transceiver, a mute button, a speaker, and a battery pack. The CPU is connected to a plurality of lights that are located through the collar strap. There is a speaker located within the external component module. The CPU and GPS are coupled to a wireless transceiver. The wireless transceiver is connected to a mobile device which is configured to set visual and audible alarms as well as control collar light display. The mobile device controls and activates the visual and audible alarms on the mobile device and collar as well as the GPS module. | 1) An electronic notification pet collar, comprising:
a strap member, wherein the strap member has an external component module attached thereto; the external component module houses a CPU; the CPU is operably coupled to a plurality of lights located on a sidewall of the strap member; a speaker member operably coupled to the CPU, wherein the speaker is configured to play sounds at a determined time. 2) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprising a power source located within the external component module. 3) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprises a wireless transceiver located within the external component module. 4) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprising a mute button located through a sidewall of the external component module, wherein the mute button is operably coupled to the speaker. 5) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprising an attachment clasp located at each a first end and a second end of the strap. 6) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprising an adjuster located along the strap, wherein the adjuster is configured to adjust the length of the strap. 7) An electronic notification pet collar, comprising:
a strap member, wherein the strap member has an external component module attached thereto; the external component module houses a CPU; the CPU is operably coupled to a plurality of lights located on a sidewall of the strap member; a speaker member located within the external component module is operably coupled to the CPU, wherein the speaker is configured to play sounds at a determined time; a GPS unit located within the external component module is coupled to the CPU, wherein the GPS is configured to locate the collar. 8) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprising a power source located within the external component module. 9) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprises a wireless transceiver located within the external component module. 10) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprising a mute button located through the external component module, wherein the mute button is operably coupled to the speaker. 11) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprising an attachment clasp located at each a first end and a second end of the strap. 12) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprising an adjuster located along the strap, wherein the adjuster is configured to adjust the length of the strap. 13) An electronic notification pet collar system, comprising:
a strap member, wherein the strap member has an external component module attached thereto; the external component module a CPU; the CPU is operably coupled to a plurality of lights located on a sidewall of the strap member; a speaker member located within the external component module is operably coupled to the CPU, wherein the speaker is configured to play sounds at a determined time; a wireless transceiver located within the external component module is operably couple to the CPU, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to communicate with a mobile application. 14) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, wherein the mobile application is configured to functionally control the animation, brightness, and color array of the plurality of lights on the collar. 15) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, further comprising a mute button located through a sidewall of the strap member, wherein the mute button is operably coupled to the speaker. 16) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, further comprising an attachment clasp located at each a first end and a second end of the strap. 17) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, further comprising an adjuster located along the strap, wherein the adjuster is configured to adjust the length of the strap. 18) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, further comprising a GPS unit is located within the external component module is coupled to the CPU, wherein the GPS is configured to locate the collar. 19) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 18, wherein the mobile application is configured to show the location of the collar. 20) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, wherein the mobile application is configured to have alarms set;
and wherein the alarm activates the speaker and the lights located in the pet collar. | An electronic notification pet collar is shown and described. The pet collar includes a collar strap. The collar strap has an interior volume. The interior volume houses wiring connected to lighting and an external component module. The collar strap has an externally affixed component module that houses a CPU, a GPS module, a wireless transceiver, a mute button, a speaker, and a battery pack. The CPU is connected to a plurality of lights that are located through the collar strap. There is a speaker located within the external component module. The CPU and GPS are coupled to a wireless transceiver. The wireless transceiver is connected to a mobile device which is configured to set visual and audible alarms as well as control collar light display. The mobile device controls and activates the visual and audible alarms on the mobile device and collar as well as the GPS module.1) An electronic notification pet collar, comprising:
a strap member, wherein the strap member has an external component module attached thereto; the external component module houses a CPU; the CPU is operably coupled to a plurality of lights located on a sidewall of the strap member; a speaker member operably coupled to the CPU, wherein the speaker is configured to play sounds at a determined time. 2) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprising a power source located within the external component module. 3) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprises a wireless transceiver located within the external component module. 4) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprising a mute button located through a sidewall of the external component module, wherein the mute button is operably coupled to the speaker. 5) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprising an attachment clasp located at each a first end and a second end of the strap. 6) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 1, further comprising an adjuster located along the strap, wherein the adjuster is configured to adjust the length of the strap. 7) An electronic notification pet collar, comprising:
a strap member, wherein the strap member has an external component module attached thereto; the external component module houses a CPU; the CPU is operably coupled to a plurality of lights located on a sidewall of the strap member; a speaker member located within the external component module is operably coupled to the CPU, wherein the speaker is configured to play sounds at a determined time; a GPS unit located within the external component module is coupled to the CPU, wherein the GPS is configured to locate the collar. 8) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprising a power source located within the external component module. 9) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprises a wireless transceiver located within the external component module. 10) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprising a mute button located through the external component module, wherein the mute button is operably coupled to the speaker. 11) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprising an attachment clasp located at each a first end and a second end of the strap. 12) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 7, further comprising an adjuster located along the strap, wherein the adjuster is configured to adjust the length of the strap. 13) An electronic notification pet collar system, comprising:
a strap member, wherein the strap member has an external component module attached thereto; the external component module a CPU; the CPU is operably coupled to a plurality of lights located on a sidewall of the strap member; a speaker member located within the external component module is operably coupled to the CPU, wherein the speaker is configured to play sounds at a determined time; a wireless transceiver located within the external component module is operably couple to the CPU, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to communicate with a mobile application. 14) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, wherein the mobile application is configured to functionally control the animation, brightness, and color array of the plurality of lights on the collar. 15) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, further comprising a mute button located through a sidewall of the strap member, wherein the mute button is operably coupled to the speaker. 16) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, further comprising an attachment clasp located at each a first end and a second end of the strap. 17) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, further comprising an adjuster located along the strap, wherein the adjuster is configured to adjust the length of the strap. 18) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, further comprising a GPS unit is located within the external component module is coupled to the CPU, wherein the GPS is configured to locate the collar. 19) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 18, wherein the mobile application is configured to show the location of the collar. 20) The electronic notification pet collar of claim 13, wherein the mobile application is configured to have alarms set;
and wherein the alarm activates the speaker and the lights located in the pet collar. | 2,600 |
345,728 | 16,804,155 | 2,685 | A medium includes | 1. A medium comprising:
a base; and a thermally expansive layer provided on the base, the thermally expansive layer including thermally expandable material, wherein the thermally expansive layer further includes a porous material. 2. The medium according to claim 1, wherein the porous material includes at least one of porous silica or porous ceramic. 3. The medium according to claim 1, wherein
the thermally expansive layer further includes binder, the thermally expandable material from 20 wt % to 60 wt % with respect to a total weight of the binder, the thermally expandable material, and the porous material is included, and the porous material greater than or equal to 15 wt % with respect to the total weight of the binder, the thermally expandable material, and the porous material and less than or equal to the binder wt % is included. 4. The medium according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the binder to the thermally expandable material to the porous material is 1:3:1. 5. The medium according to claim 1, further comprising an ink receiving layer atop the thermally expansive layer. 6. The medium according to claim 3, wherein the binder is a thermoplastic resin. 7. The medium according to claim 1, wherein the thermally expansive layer has a thickness of 50 μm to 500 μm. 8. A method of producing a medium including a thermally expansive layer, the method comprising:
forming a thermally expansive layer including thermally expandable material on a base, wherein porous material is added to the thermally expansive layer. 9. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 8, wherein the porous material includes at least one of porous silica or porous ceramic. 10. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 8,
wherein the thermally expansive layer is formed by mixing the thermally expandable material and the porous material together with binder, the thermally expandable material from 20 wt % to 60 wt % with respect to a total weight of the binder, the thermally expandable material, and the porous material is included, and the porous material greater than or equal to 15 wt % with respect to the total weight of the binder, the thermally expandable material, and the porous material and less than or equal to the binder wt % is included. 11. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 10, wherein a weight ratio of the binder to the thermally expandable material to the porous material is 1:3:1. 12. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 8, further comprising:
forming, on the thermally expansive layer, an ink receiving layer for receiving ink. 13. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 10, wherein the binder is a thermoplastic resin. 14. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 13, wherein the thermally expansive layer is formed to a thickness of 50 μm to 500 μm. | A medium includes1. A medium comprising:
a base; and a thermally expansive layer provided on the base, the thermally expansive layer including thermally expandable material, wherein the thermally expansive layer further includes a porous material. 2. The medium according to claim 1, wherein the porous material includes at least one of porous silica or porous ceramic. 3. The medium according to claim 1, wherein
the thermally expansive layer further includes binder, the thermally expandable material from 20 wt % to 60 wt % with respect to a total weight of the binder, the thermally expandable material, and the porous material is included, and the porous material greater than or equal to 15 wt % with respect to the total weight of the binder, the thermally expandable material, and the porous material and less than or equal to the binder wt % is included. 4. The medium according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the binder to the thermally expandable material to the porous material is 1:3:1. 5. The medium according to claim 1, further comprising an ink receiving layer atop the thermally expansive layer. 6. The medium according to claim 3, wherein the binder is a thermoplastic resin. 7. The medium according to claim 1, wherein the thermally expansive layer has a thickness of 50 μm to 500 μm. 8. A method of producing a medium including a thermally expansive layer, the method comprising:
forming a thermally expansive layer including thermally expandable material on a base, wherein porous material is added to the thermally expansive layer. 9. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 8, wherein the porous material includes at least one of porous silica or porous ceramic. 10. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 8,
wherein the thermally expansive layer is formed by mixing the thermally expandable material and the porous material together with binder, the thermally expandable material from 20 wt % to 60 wt % with respect to a total weight of the binder, the thermally expandable material, and the porous material is included, and the porous material greater than or equal to 15 wt % with respect to the total weight of the binder, the thermally expandable material, and the porous material and less than or equal to the binder wt % is included. 11. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 10, wherein a weight ratio of the binder to the thermally expandable material to the porous material is 1:3:1. 12. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 8, further comprising:
forming, on the thermally expansive layer, an ink receiving layer for receiving ink. 13. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 10, wherein the binder is a thermoplastic resin. 14. The method of producing the medium including the thermally expansive layer according to claim 13, wherein the thermally expansive layer is formed to a thickness of 50 μm to 500 μm. | 2,600 |
345,729 | 16,804,146 | 2,685 | A light extraction substrate includes a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface. A first light extraction region can be defined on and/or adjacent the first surface. The first light extraction region includes nanoparticles. A second light extraction region can be defined on at least a part of the second surface. The second light extraction region has a surface roughness of at least 10 nm. | 1. A method for making a light extraction substrate, comprising:
on a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface, providing at least one of:
a first light extraction region on and/or adjacent the first surface by depositing nanoparticles on or into the first surface; and
a second light extraction region on at least a portion of the second surface, the second light extraction region having a surface roughness of at least 10 nm. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first extraction region is formed by:
heating the first surface to decrease the viscosity of the first surface; and directing nanoparticles at the first surface such that the nanoparticles are incorporated into the first surface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of silver oxide, alumina, titania, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silica, zirconia, and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second extraction region is formed by applying a coating by sol-gel or spray pyrolysis onto at least a portion of the second surface. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second extraction region is a coating selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, zinc oxide, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, silicate coatings, and mixtures thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second extraction region is formed by texturing the second surface. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second extraction region has a surface roughness in the range of 50 nm to 500 nm. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising depositing an underlayer coating stack over the first surface and depositing an anode layer over the underlayer coating stack. 9. A method for making a light extraction substrate, comprising:
providing a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface, and forming a first light extraction region on and/or adjacent the first surface by:
heating the substrate to a temperature sufficient to soften the first surface,
directing nanoparticles toward the first surface such that at least a portion of the nanoparticles penetrate the first surface and become embedded in the first surface at a depth of 0 to 50 microns, and
forming a second light extraction region over the second surface. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the nanoparticles are directed by a carrier gas. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the second light extraction region is a coating or a textured pattern. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the second light extraction region has a surface roughness of at least 10 nm. 13. A method for making a light extraction substrate via a float glass process, comprising:
pouring a glass melt into a float chamber having a bath of a molten metal, spreading the glass melt across the molten metal to form a glass ribbon having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, applying coating materials directly onto the glass ribbon, wherein the coating materials form on, diffuse into, or penetrate the first surface of the glass ribbon forming a first extraction layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein when forming the first extraction layer, the glass ribbon is at a temperature in the range of 400° C. to 1,000° C. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the molten metal is tin. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the coating materials are metal oxide nanoparticles. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising applying a second extraction layer onto the second surface of the glass ribbon. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second extraction layer is formed by applying a coating by sol-gel or spray pyrolysis onto at least a portion of the second surface when the glass ribbon is at a temperature in the range of 50° C. to 600° C. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising applying a conductive metal oxide layer to the first surface to form an anode. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising applying an underlayer coating stack under the anode. | A light extraction substrate includes a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface. A first light extraction region can be defined on and/or adjacent the first surface. The first light extraction region includes nanoparticles. A second light extraction region can be defined on at least a part of the second surface. The second light extraction region has a surface roughness of at least 10 nm.1. A method for making a light extraction substrate, comprising:
on a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface, providing at least one of:
a first light extraction region on and/or adjacent the first surface by depositing nanoparticles on or into the first surface; and
a second light extraction region on at least a portion of the second surface, the second light extraction region having a surface roughness of at least 10 nm. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first extraction region is formed by:
heating the first surface to decrease the viscosity of the first surface; and directing nanoparticles at the first surface such that the nanoparticles are incorporated into the first surface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of silver oxide, alumina, titania, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silica, zirconia, and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second extraction region is formed by applying a coating by sol-gel or spray pyrolysis onto at least a portion of the second surface. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second extraction region is a coating selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, zinc oxide, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, silicate coatings, and mixtures thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second extraction region is formed by texturing the second surface. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second extraction region has a surface roughness in the range of 50 nm to 500 nm. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising depositing an underlayer coating stack over the first surface and depositing an anode layer over the underlayer coating stack. 9. A method for making a light extraction substrate, comprising:
providing a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface, and forming a first light extraction region on and/or adjacent the first surface by:
heating the substrate to a temperature sufficient to soften the first surface,
directing nanoparticles toward the first surface such that at least a portion of the nanoparticles penetrate the first surface and become embedded in the first surface at a depth of 0 to 50 microns, and
forming a second light extraction region over the second surface. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the nanoparticles are directed by a carrier gas. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the second light extraction region is a coating or a textured pattern. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the second light extraction region has a surface roughness of at least 10 nm. 13. A method for making a light extraction substrate via a float glass process, comprising:
pouring a glass melt into a float chamber having a bath of a molten metal, spreading the glass melt across the molten metal to form a glass ribbon having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, applying coating materials directly onto the glass ribbon, wherein the coating materials form on, diffuse into, or penetrate the first surface of the glass ribbon forming a first extraction layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein when forming the first extraction layer, the glass ribbon is at a temperature in the range of 400° C. to 1,000° C. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the molten metal is tin. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the coating materials are metal oxide nanoparticles. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising applying a second extraction layer onto the second surface of the glass ribbon. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second extraction layer is formed by applying a coating by sol-gel or spray pyrolysis onto at least a portion of the second surface when the glass ribbon is at a temperature in the range of 50° C. to 600° C. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising applying a conductive metal oxide layer to the first surface to form an anode. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising applying an underlayer coating stack under the anode. | 2,600 |
345,730 | 16,804,138 | 2,685 | The invention relates to the application of photon energy to energize dental materials to enhance their physical handling characteristics, efficacy, ability to be delivered, reactivity, polymerization, and/or post-cure mechanical properties, among other attributes. | 1. A method of treating a tooth of a subject in need thereof comprising:
heating a dental photopolymerizable material above ambient temperature with a device having a photon energy emission source that emits a photon energy that:
does not photopolymerize the material,
is absorbed by the dental photopolymerizable material, a dental photopolymerizable material container, or a heating additive, and
increases one or more properties comprising:
energy conversion efficiency from photon energy to heat or,
heating rate of the dental photopolymerizable material; and
applying the heated dental photopolymerizable material to a tooth surface cavity. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the photon energy increases the heating rate of a dental photopolymerizable material compared to heating the dental photopolymerizable material without photon energy. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device emits a photon energy of about 0.49 eV-2.38 eV (2500 nm-520 nm). 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device emits a photon energy of about 1.23 eV-2.06 eV (1000 nm-600 nm). 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dental photopolymerizable material is heated to a temperature of about 50° C. to about 250° C. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dental photopolymerizable material is heated to a temperature of about 60° C. to about 80° C. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising curing the dental photopolymerizable material. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dental photopolymerizable material comprises composite resins, highly filled composite resins, glass ionomer resins, sealants, cements, cavity liners, or combinations thereof. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising curing the dental photopolymerizable material by applying a second source of photon energy that emits a wavelength suitable for absorption by the photopolymerizable material to initiate polymerization. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein an applied photon energy for heating the dental photopolymerizable material does not overlap with an absorbance of a photoinitiator present in the dental photopolymerizable material. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dental photopolymerizable material or the dental photopolymerizable material container further comprises a heating additive, a thermal conductivity enhancer, or a polymerization enhancer, or combinations of the same. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating additive is a dye having an absorption spectra that overlaps with an emission spectra of the photon energy emitted from the photon energy source. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the thermal conductivity enhancer is an additive that improves the thermal conductivity of the dental photopolymerizable material or the dental photopolymerizable material container. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the thermal conductivity enhancer is selected from: graphite fibers, graphene flakes, ceramic particles, metal oxides, metal particles, carbon nanotubes, and combinations of the same. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the photon energy that is at an absorption wavelength of the dental photopolymerizable material or a dental photopolymerizable material container is emitted during a curing step or just prior to a curing step of the dental photopolymerizable material. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application of the photon energy that is at an absorption wavelength of the dental photopolymerizable material or a dental photopolymerizable material container increases one or more post-cure properties of the dental photopolymerizable material, selected from: degree-of-conversion and hardness, compared to a dental photopolymerizable material that has not been heated with the photon energy that is at an absorption wavelength of the dental photopolymerizable material or a dental photopolymerizable material container. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application of the photon energy that is at an absorption wavelength of the dental photopolymerizable material or a dental photopolymerizable material container stimulates one or more photochemical effects selected from: photodegradation, photobleaching, or photocatalysis of the dental photopolymerizable material. 18. A photopolymerizable dental composition comprising:
unreacted monomer(s), filler(s), at least one photoinitiator, and a heating additive that increases one or more properties comprising: the energy conversion efficiency from photon energy to heat or increasing a heating rate of the dental photopolymerizable material, wherein the heating additive does not impart an unnatural tooth color to the photopolymerizable dental composition after photopolymerization. 19-38. (canceled) 39. A dental composition, comprising polyisoprene, inorganic filler(s), radiopacifier, wax(es) or resin(s), and a heating additive that increases one or more properties comprising: energy conversion efficiency from photon energy to heat or increasing a heating rate of the dental composition. 40-104. (canceled) | The invention relates to the application of photon energy to energize dental materials to enhance their physical handling characteristics, efficacy, ability to be delivered, reactivity, polymerization, and/or post-cure mechanical properties, among other attributes.1. A method of treating a tooth of a subject in need thereof comprising:
heating a dental photopolymerizable material above ambient temperature with a device having a photon energy emission source that emits a photon energy that:
does not photopolymerize the material,
is absorbed by the dental photopolymerizable material, a dental photopolymerizable material container, or a heating additive, and
increases one or more properties comprising:
energy conversion efficiency from photon energy to heat or,
heating rate of the dental photopolymerizable material; and
applying the heated dental photopolymerizable material to a tooth surface cavity. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the photon energy increases the heating rate of a dental photopolymerizable material compared to heating the dental photopolymerizable material without photon energy. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device emits a photon energy of about 0.49 eV-2.38 eV (2500 nm-520 nm). 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device emits a photon energy of about 1.23 eV-2.06 eV (1000 nm-600 nm). 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dental photopolymerizable material is heated to a temperature of about 50° C. to about 250° C. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dental photopolymerizable material is heated to a temperature of about 60° C. to about 80° C. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising curing the dental photopolymerizable material. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dental photopolymerizable material comprises composite resins, highly filled composite resins, glass ionomer resins, sealants, cements, cavity liners, or combinations thereof. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising curing the dental photopolymerizable material by applying a second source of photon energy that emits a wavelength suitable for absorption by the photopolymerizable material to initiate polymerization. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein an applied photon energy for heating the dental photopolymerizable material does not overlap with an absorbance of a photoinitiator present in the dental photopolymerizable material. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dental photopolymerizable material or the dental photopolymerizable material container further comprises a heating additive, a thermal conductivity enhancer, or a polymerization enhancer, or combinations of the same. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating additive is a dye having an absorption spectra that overlaps with an emission spectra of the photon energy emitted from the photon energy source. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the thermal conductivity enhancer is an additive that improves the thermal conductivity of the dental photopolymerizable material or the dental photopolymerizable material container. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the thermal conductivity enhancer is selected from: graphite fibers, graphene flakes, ceramic particles, metal oxides, metal particles, carbon nanotubes, and combinations of the same. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the photon energy that is at an absorption wavelength of the dental photopolymerizable material or a dental photopolymerizable material container is emitted during a curing step or just prior to a curing step of the dental photopolymerizable material. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application of the photon energy that is at an absorption wavelength of the dental photopolymerizable material or a dental photopolymerizable material container increases one or more post-cure properties of the dental photopolymerizable material, selected from: degree-of-conversion and hardness, compared to a dental photopolymerizable material that has not been heated with the photon energy that is at an absorption wavelength of the dental photopolymerizable material or a dental photopolymerizable material container. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application of the photon energy that is at an absorption wavelength of the dental photopolymerizable material or a dental photopolymerizable material container stimulates one or more photochemical effects selected from: photodegradation, photobleaching, or photocatalysis of the dental photopolymerizable material. 18. A photopolymerizable dental composition comprising:
unreacted monomer(s), filler(s), at least one photoinitiator, and a heating additive that increases one or more properties comprising: the energy conversion efficiency from photon energy to heat or increasing a heating rate of the dental photopolymerizable material, wherein the heating additive does not impart an unnatural tooth color to the photopolymerizable dental composition after photopolymerization. 19-38. (canceled) 39. A dental composition, comprising polyisoprene, inorganic filler(s), radiopacifier, wax(es) or resin(s), and a heating additive that increases one or more properties comprising: energy conversion efficiency from photon energy to heat or increasing a heating rate of the dental composition. 40-104. (canceled) | 2,600 |
345,731 | 16,804,090 | 2,685 | A display apparatus includes a display module including a display panel configured to display an image, a rear cover on a rear surface of the display module, and a sound generating module at the rear cover and configured to vibrate the display module to generate sound, and a rear surface of the sound generating module is covered by the rear cover. | 1. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display module including a display panel configured to display an image; a rear cover on a rear surface of the display module; and a sound generating module at the rear cover and configured to vibrate the display module to generate sound, wherein a rear surface of the sound generating module is covered by the rear cover. 2. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a module structure at the rear cover; and a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module. 3. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sound generating module further comprises a connection member between the module structure and the display module. 4. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the module structure and the vibration device are modularized as one element. 5. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the vibration device comprises:
a base plate at the module structure; a bobbin on the base plate to vibrate the display module; a magnet inside or outside the bobbin; a coil wound around the bobbin; an edge frame at an outer portion of the base plate; and a damper connected between the edge frame and the bobbin. 6. The display apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a heat diffusion member between the vibration device and the display module. 7. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a module structure at the rear cover; a vibration transfer member on the module structure and connected to the display module; a connection member between the vibration transfer member and the module structure; and a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the vibration transfer member. 8. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the connection member comprises at least one of a bent portion and a protrusion portion toward the vibration device. 9. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a module structure at the rear cover; a vibration transfer member on the module structure and connected to the display module; a plurality of vibration devices at the module structure to vibrate the vibration transfer member; a connection member between the vibration transfer member and the module structure; and a partition between the plurality of vibration devices. 10. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover including a module accommodating part; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover, and the sound generating module is accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover. 11. The display apparatus of claim 10, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a module structure accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover; a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module; and a connection member between the module structure and the display module. 12. The display apparatus of claim 11, wherein the module structure comprises:
a border portion under the connection member; and a receiving part accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover and disposed at the second rear cover to protrude from a portion other than the border portion to the rear cover. 13. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover, and the sound generating module is accommodated into the first rear cover. 14. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover, and the sound generating module is accommodated between the first rear cover and the second rear cover. 15. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the rear cover comprises at least one module accommodating part, and the display apparatus further comprises at least one cover covering the at least one module accommodating part into which the sound generating module is not accommodated. 16. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vibration device comprises a piezoelectric composite. 17. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display module configured to display an image; a rear cover on a rear surface of the display module with a gap space therebetween; and a sound generating module in the gap space to vibrate the display module to generate sound, wherein the sound generating module comprises: a module structure at the rear cover; and a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module, and the module structure and the vibration device are modularized as one element. 18. The display apparatus of claim 17, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a vibration transfer member on the module structure and connected to the display module; and a connection member between the vibration transfer member and the module structure, and the sound generating module is configured to vibrate the vibration transfer member to vibrate the display module. 19. The display apparatus of claim 17, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover including a module accommodating part; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover, and the module structure is accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover. 20. The display apparatus of claim 19, wherein:
the sound generating module further comprises a connection member between the module structure and the display module, and the module structure comprises: a border portion under the connection member; and a receiving part accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover and disposed at the second rear cover to protrude from a portion other than the border portion to the rear cover. 21. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display module configured to display an image; a rear cover on a rear surface of the display module, the rear cover including a plurality of module accommodating parts; at least one sound generating module accommodated into at least one of the plurality of module accommodating parts to vibrate the display module to generate sound; and at least one cover covering at least one of the plurality of module accommodating parts. 22. The display apparatus of claim 21, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover including the plurality of module accommodating parts; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover. 23. The display apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one sound generating module comprises:
a module structure accommodated into at least one of the plurality of module accommodating parts; a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module; and a connection member between the module structure and the display module, and wherein the module structure comprises: a border portion supporting the connection member; and a receiving part accommodated into a corresponding module accommodating part of the first rear cover and disposed at the second rear cover to protrude from a portion other than the border portion to the rear cover. 24. The display apparatus of claim 21, wherein:
the at least one sound generating module comprises:
a module structure accommodated into at least one of the plurality of module accommodating parts; and
a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module,
wherein the module structure and the vibration device are modularized as one element. 25. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear cover comprises a hole overlapping the at least one sound generating module. 26. The display apparatus of claim 25, wherein the sound generating module is accommodated into the hole of the rear cover. 27. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the vibration device further comprises a hollow portion; and the module structure comprises a groove overlapping the vibration device. 28. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the module structure comprises a cable hole through that a signal cable connected to the vibration device passes. 29. A display apparatus, comprising:
a plate including a first region, a second region, a third region, a fourth region, and a fifth region; a first sound generating module and a fourth sound generating module in the first region and the fourth region to correspond to a left region of a rear surface of the plate; a second sound generating module and a fifth sound generating module in the second region and the fifth region to correspond to a right region of the rear surface of the plate; and a third sound generating module in the third region to correspond to a center region of the rear surface of the plate, wherein one or more sound generating modules of the first to fifth sound generating modules comprise a module structure, and the one or more sound generating modules are disposed at the module structure. 30. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image. 31. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein the plate comprises one of a glass, a wood, a plastic, and a metal. 32. The display apparatus of claim 29, further comprising a second plate including the first to fifth regions,
wherein the second plate comprises one of glass, a wood, a plastic, and a metal. 33. The display apparatus of claim 32, wherein:
the plate is a display panel configured to display an image; and the first to fifth sound generating modules are disposed on the second plate. 34. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein one or more of the first sound generating module and the second sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 35. The display apparatus of claim 34, wherein the first sound generating module and the second sound generating module are disposed to be asymmetrical or symmetrical with the third sound generating module. 36. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein one or more of the first to fifth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 37. The display apparatus of claim 29, further comprising one or more woofers under at least one of the first region and the second region. 38. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein:
the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image; the display apparatus further comprises a rear cover on a rear surface of the display panel; and the first to fifth sound generating modules are disposed on the rear surface of the display panel or a rear surface of the rear cover. 39. The display apparatus of claim 29, further comprising:
a sixth sound generating module in a sixth region between the fourth region and the fifth region; a seventh sound generating module in a seventh region under the first region; an eighth sound generating module in an eighth region under the second region; a ninth sound generating module in a ninth region between the seventh region and the eighth region; a tenth sound generating module in a tenth region between the first region and the third region; and an eleventh sound generating module in an eleventh region between the second region and the third region. 40. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the sixth to eleventh sound generating modules are disposed at the module structure. 41. The display apparatus of claim 39, further comprising one or more woofers under at least one of the seventh region and the eighth region. 42. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the seventh sound generating module and the eighth sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 43. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the first sound generating module and the second sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 44. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the tenth sound generating module and the eleventh sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 45. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the first to eleventh sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 46. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the fourth to sixth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite. 47. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the fourth to ninth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite. 48. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the first to eleventh sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite, a sound generating module including a voice coil, or a sound generating module including a woofer. 49. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein:
the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image, the display apparatus further comprises a rear cover on a rear surface of the display panel, and the first to eleventh sound generating modules are on the rear surface of the display panel or a rear surface of the rear cover. 50. The display apparatus of claim 39, further comprising:
a twelfth sound generating module in a twelfth region between the fourth region and the fifth region; a thirteenth sound generating module in a thirteenth region between the fifth region and the sixth region; a fourteenth sound generating module in a fourteenth region between the seventh region and the ninth region; and a fifteenth sound generating module in a fifteenth region between the eighth region and the ninth region. 51. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the twelfth to fifteenth sound generating modules are disposed at the module structure. 52. The display apparatus of claim 50, further comprising one or more woofers under one of the seventh region and the eighth region. 53. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the seventh sound generating module and the eighth sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 54. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the first sound generating module and the second sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 55. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the tenth sound generating module and the eleventh sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 56. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the fourteenth sound generating module and the fifteenth sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 57. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the first to fifteenth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 58. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the fourth to sixth sound generating modules, the twelfth sound generating module, and the thirteenth sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite. 59. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the fourth to ninth sound generating modules and the twelfth to fifteenth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite. 60. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the first to fifteenth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite, a sound generating module including a voice coil, or a sound generating module including a woofer. 61. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein:
the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image; the display apparatus further comprises a rear cover on a rear surface of the display panel; and the first to fifteenth sound generating modules are on the rear surface of the display panel or a rear surface of the rear cover. 62. The display apparatus of claim 50, further comprising a partition surrounding the first to fifteenth sound generating modules,
wherein the partition and the first to fifteenth sound generating modules are disposed at the module structure. 63. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein:
the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image, the display apparatus further comprises a rear cover on a rear surface of the display panel, the rear cover including a module accommodating part, and the one or more sound generating modules are accommodated into the module accommodating part of the rear cover. | A display apparatus includes a display module including a display panel configured to display an image, a rear cover on a rear surface of the display module, and a sound generating module at the rear cover and configured to vibrate the display module to generate sound, and a rear surface of the sound generating module is covered by the rear cover.1. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display module including a display panel configured to display an image; a rear cover on a rear surface of the display module; and a sound generating module at the rear cover and configured to vibrate the display module to generate sound, wherein a rear surface of the sound generating module is covered by the rear cover. 2. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a module structure at the rear cover; and a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module. 3. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sound generating module further comprises a connection member between the module structure and the display module. 4. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the module structure and the vibration device are modularized as one element. 5. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the vibration device comprises:
a base plate at the module structure; a bobbin on the base plate to vibrate the display module; a magnet inside or outside the bobbin; a coil wound around the bobbin; an edge frame at an outer portion of the base plate; and a damper connected between the edge frame and the bobbin. 6. The display apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a heat diffusion member between the vibration device and the display module. 7. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a module structure at the rear cover; a vibration transfer member on the module structure and connected to the display module; a connection member between the vibration transfer member and the module structure; and a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the vibration transfer member. 8. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the connection member comprises at least one of a bent portion and a protrusion portion toward the vibration device. 9. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a module structure at the rear cover; a vibration transfer member on the module structure and connected to the display module; a plurality of vibration devices at the module structure to vibrate the vibration transfer member; a connection member between the vibration transfer member and the module structure; and a partition between the plurality of vibration devices. 10. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover including a module accommodating part; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover, and the sound generating module is accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover. 11. The display apparatus of claim 10, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a module structure accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover; a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module; and a connection member between the module structure and the display module. 12. The display apparatus of claim 11, wherein the module structure comprises:
a border portion under the connection member; and a receiving part accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover and disposed at the second rear cover to protrude from a portion other than the border portion to the rear cover. 13. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover, and the sound generating module is accommodated into the first rear cover. 14. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover, and the sound generating module is accommodated between the first rear cover and the second rear cover. 15. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the rear cover comprises at least one module accommodating part, and the display apparatus further comprises at least one cover covering the at least one module accommodating part into which the sound generating module is not accommodated. 16. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vibration device comprises a piezoelectric composite. 17. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display module configured to display an image; a rear cover on a rear surface of the display module with a gap space therebetween; and a sound generating module in the gap space to vibrate the display module to generate sound, wherein the sound generating module comprises: a module structure at the rear cover; and a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module, and the module structure and the vibration device are modularized as one element. 18. The display apparatus of claim 17, wherein the sound generating module comprises:
a vibration transfer member on the module structure and connected to the display module; and a connection member between the vibration transfer member and the module structure, and the sound generating module is configured to vibrate the vibration transfer member to vibrate the display module. 19. The display apparatus of claim 17, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover including a module accommodating part; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover, and the module structure is accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover. 20. The display apparatus of claim 19, wherein:
the sound generating module further comprises a connection member between the module structure and the display module, and the module structure comprises: a border portion under the connection member; and a receiving part accommodated into the module accommodating part of the first rear cover and disposed at the second rear cover to protrude from a portion other than the border portion to the rear cover. 21. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display module configured to display an image; a rear cover on a rear surface of the display module, the rear cover including a plurality of module accommodating parts; at least one sound generating module accommodated into at least one of the plurality of module accommodating parts to vibrate the display module to generate sound; and at least one cover covering at least one of the plurality of module accommodating parts. 22. The display apparatus of claim 21, wherein the rear cover comprises:
a first rear cover including the plurality of module accommodating parts; and a second rear cover on a rear surface of the first rear cover. 23. The display apparatus of claim 21, wherein the at least one sound generating module comprises:
a module structure accommodated into at least one of the plurality of module accommodating parts; a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module; and a connection member between the module structure and the display module, and wherein the module structure comprises: a border portion supporting the connection member; and a receiving part accommodated into a corresponding module accommodating part of the first rear cover and disposed at the second rear cover to protrude from a portion other than the border portion to the rear cover. 24. The display apparatus of claim 21, wherein:
the at least one sound generating module comprises:
a module structure accommodated into at least one of the plurality of module accommodating parts; and
a vibration device at the module structure to vibrate the display module,
wherein the module structure and the vibration device are modularized as one element. 25. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rear cover comprises a hole overlapping the at least one sound generating module. 26. The display apparatus of claim 25, wherein the sound generating module is accommodated into the hole of the rear cover. 27. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the vibration device further comprises a hollow portion; and the module structure comprises a groove overlapping the vibration device. 28. The display apparatus of claim 2, wherein the module structure comprises a cable hole through that a signal cable connected to the vibration device passes. 29. A display apparatus, comprising:
a plate including a first region, a second region, a third region, a fourth region, and a fifth region; a first sound generating module and a fourth sound generating module in the first region and the fourth region to correspond to a left region of a rear surface of the plate; a second sound generating module and a fifth sound generating module in the second region and the fifth region to correspond to a right region of the rear surface of the plate; and a third sound generating module in the third region to correspond to a center region of the rear surface of the plate, wherein one or more sound generating modules of the first to fifth sound generating modules comprise a module structure, and the one or more sound generating modules are disposed at the module structure. 30. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image. 31. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein the plate comprises one of a glass, a wood, a plastic, and a metal. 32. The display apparatus of claim 29, further comprising a second plate including the first to fifth regions,
wherein the second plate comprises one of glass, a wood, a plastic, and a metal. 33. The display apparatus of claim 32, wherein:
the plate is a display panel configured to display an image; and the first to fifth sound generating modules are disposed on the second plate. 34. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein one or more of the first sound generating module and the second sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 35. The display apparatus of claim 34, wherein the first sound generating module and the second sound generating module are disposed to be asymmetrical or symmetrical with the third sound generating module. 36. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein one or more of the first to fifth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 37. The display apparatus of claim 29, further comprising one or more woofers under at least one of the first region and the second region. 38. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein:
the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image; the display apparatus further comprises a rear cover on a rear surface of the display panel; and the first to fifth sound generating modules are disposed on the rear surface of the display panel or a rear surface of the rear cover. 39. The display apparatus of claim 29, further comprising:
a sixth sound generating module in a sixth region between the fourth region and the fifth region; a seventh sound generating module in a seventh region under the first region; an eighth sound generating module in an eighth region under the second region; a ninth sound generating module in a ninth region between the seventh region and the eighth region; a tenth sound generating module in a tenth region between the first region and the third region; and an eleventh sound generating module in an eleventh region between the second region and the third region. 40. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the sixth to eleventh sound generating modules are disposed at the module structure. 41. The display apparatus of claim 39, further comprising one or more woofers under at least one of the seventh region and the eighth region. 42. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the seventh sound generating module and the eighth sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 43. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the first sound generating module and the second sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 44. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the tenth sound generating module and the eleventh sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 45. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the first to eleventh sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 46. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the fourth to sixth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite. 47. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the fourth to ninth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite. 48. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein one or more of the first to eleventh sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite, a sound generating module including a voice coil, or a sound generating module including a woofer. 49. The display apparatus of claim 39, wherein:
the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image, the display apparatus further comprises a rear cover on a rear surface of the display panel, and the first to eleventh sound generating modules are on the rear surface of the display panel or a rear surface of the rear cover. 50. The display apparatus of claim 39, further comprising:
a twelfth sound generating module in a twelfth region between the fourth region and the fifth region; a thirteenth sound generating module in a thirteenth region between the fifth region and the sixth region; a fourteenth sound generating module in a fourteenth region between the seventh region and the ninth region; and a fifteenth sound generating module in a fifteenth region between the eighth region and the ninth region. 51. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the twelfth to fifteenth sound generating modules are disposed at the module structure. 52. The display apparatus of claim 50, further comprising one or more woofers under one of the seventh region and the eighth region. 53. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the seventh sound generating module and the eighth sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 54. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the first sound generating module and the second sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 55. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the tenth sound generating module and the eleventh sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 56. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the fourteenth sound generating module and the fifteenth sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 57. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the first to fifteenth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a woofer. 58. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the fourth to sixth sound generating modules, the twelfth sound generating module, and the thirteenth sound generating module comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite. 59. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the fourth to ninth sound generating modules and the twelfth to fifteenth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite. 60. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein one or more of the first to fifteenth sound generating modules comprise a sound generating module including a piezoelectric composite, a sound generating module including a voice coil, or a sound generating module including a woofer. 61. The display apparatus of claim 50, wherein:
the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image; the display apparatus further comprises a rear cover on a rear surface of the display panel; and the first to fifteenth sound generating modules are on the rear surface of the display panel or a rear surface of the rear cover. 62. The display apparatus of claim 50, further comprising a partition surrounding the first to fifteenth sound generating modules,
wherein the partition and the first to fifteenth sound generating modules are disposed at the module structure. 63. The display apparatus of claim 29, wherein:
the plate comprises a display panel configured to display an image, the display apparatus further comprises a rear cover on a rear surface of the display panel, the rear cover including a module accommodating part, and the one or more sound generating modules are accommodated into the module accommodating part of the rear cover. | 2,600 |
345,732 | 16,804,130 | 2,685 | A fiber-optic switching system is provided which includes an optical fiber switch having first and second optical fiber portions and an electrically-controlled actuator. The first and second optical fiber portions are spaced apart with a gap between the portions that is sized to allow for light signal coupling between the optical fiber portions in a signal-passing state of the switch. The electrically-controlled actuator is coupled to transition the switch between the signal-passing state, where the light signal is allowed to pass between the optical fiber portions, and a signal-non-passing state, where the light signal is prevented from passing between the optical fiber portions. The electrically-controlled actuator includes an electroactive material exhibiting a physical change with change in an applied electrical field, where the physical change facilitates transitioning the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing and the signal-non-passing states. | 1. A fiber-optic switching system comprising:
an optical fiber switch, the optical fiber switch comprising:
a first optical fiber portion and a second optical fiber portion spaced apart with a gap therebetween, the gap being sized to allow for light signal coupling between the first and second optical fiber portions in a signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch; and
an electrically-controlled actuator coupled to transition the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing state, where the light signal is allowed to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch, and a signal-non-passing state, where the light signal is prevented from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch, the electrically-controlled actuator comprising an electroactive material exhibiting a physical change with change in an applied electric field, the physical change facilitating transitioning of the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing and the signal-non-passing states. 2. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 1, wherein the electroactive material comprises an electroactive polymer that exhibits a physical change with change in the applied electric field. 3. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 1, wherein in the signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch, the first and second optical fiber portions align, and in the signal-non-passing state, the first and second optical fiber portions misalign, the electrically-controlled actuator being coupled to the optical fiber switch to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned, and thereby transition the optical fiber state between the signal-passing state and the signal-non-passing state. 4. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 3, wherein in operation the electrically-controlled actuator is physically coupled to one optical fiber portion of the first and second optical fiber portions to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned with change in the applied electric field. 5. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 4, further comprising a movable bracket supporting, at least in part, the one optical fiber portion, the movable bracket being coupled to the electroactive material of the electrically-controlled actuator, and the change in the electric field applied to the electroactive material physically changing the electroactive material to move the movable bracket supporting the one optical fiber portion to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned, and thereby transition the optical fiber state between the signal-passing state and the signal-non-passing state. 6. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 5, wherein the electroactive material is configured as a cantilever with the movable bracket being supported by the cantilever at a free end of the cantilever. 7. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 1, wherein the first optical fiber portion comprises a first convex fiber tip at the gap, the first convex fiber tip being configured to facilitate light signal coupling between the first and second optical fibers in the signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch. 8. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 7, wherein the second optical fiber portion comprises a second convex fiber tip at the gap, the first and second convex fiber tips being configured to facilitate light signal coupling between the first and second optical fibers in the signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch. 9. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 1, wherein the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch are aligned across the gap, and the fiber-optic switching system further comprises:
a movable opaque member with a position relative to the gap controlled by the electrically-controlled actuator; and wherein in the signal-passing state, the movable opaque member is positioned offset from the aligned first and second optical fiber portions, allowing the light signal to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions, and in the signal-non-passing state, the movable opaque member is positioned between the aligned first and second optical fiber portions, preventing the light signal from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions. 10. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 9, wherein the movable opaque member comprises an opaque membrane sized to reside in the gap between the aligned first and second optical fiber portions in the signal-non-passing state of the optical fiber switch to prevent the light signal from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions. 11. A fiber-optic switching system comprising:
multiple optical fiber switches, a selected optical fiber switch of the multiple optical fiber switches comprising:
a first optical fiber portion and a second optical fiber portion spaced apart with a gap therebetween, the gap being sized to allow for light signal coupling between the first and second optical fiber portions in a signal-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch;
an electrically-controlled actuator coupled to transition the selected optical fiber switch of the multiple optical fiber switches between the signal-passing state, where the light signal is allowed to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions of the selected optical fiber switch, and a signal-non-passing state, where the light signal is prevented from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions of the selected optical fiber switch, the electrically-controlled actuator comprising an electroactive material exhibiting a physical change with change in an applied electric field, the physical change facilitating transitioning the selected optical fiber switch between the signal-passing and signal-non-passing states; and
a fiber-optic coupler assembly coupling the multiple optical fiber switches in optical communication with a fiber-optic output of the fiber-optic switching system, the electrically-controlled actuator facilitating selectively allowing the light signal to pass through the selected optical fiber switch, for passage through the fiber-optic coupler assembly to the fiber-optic output of the fiber-optic switching system. 12. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 11, wherein the electrically-controlled actuator comprises an electroactive polymer that exhibits a physical change with change in the applied electric field. 13. The fiber-optical switching system of claim 11, wherein in the signal-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch, the first and second optical fiber portions align, and in the signal-non-passing state, the first and second optical fiber portions misalign, the electrically-controlled actuator being coupled to the selected optical fiber switch to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned, and thereby transition the optical fiber state between the signal-passing state and the signal-non-passing state. 14. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 13, wherein the electrically-controlled actuator is physically coupled to one optical fiber portion of the first and second optical fiber portions to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned with change in the applied electric field. 15. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 11, wherein the first optical fiber portion comprises a first convex fiber tip at the gap, the first convex fiber tip being configured to facilitate light signal coupling between the first and second optical fibers in the signal-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch. 16. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 15, wherein the second optical fiber portion comprises a second convex fiber tip at the gap, the first and second convex fiber tips being configured to facilitate light signal coupling between the first and second optical fibers in the signal-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch. 17. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 11, wherein the first and second optical fiber portions of the selected optical fiber switch are aligned across the gap, and the fiber-optic switching system further comprises:
a movable opaque member with a position relative to the gap controlled by the electrically-controlled actuator; and wherein in the signal-passing state, the movable opaque member is positioned offset from the aligned first and second optical fiber portions, allowing the light signal to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions, and in the signal-non-passing state, the movable opaque member is positioned between the aligned first and second optical fiber portions, preventing the light signal from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions of the selected optical fiber switch. 18. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 17, wherein the movable opaque member comprises an opaque membrane sized to reside in the gap between the aligned first and second optical fiber portions in the signal-non-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch to prevent the light signal from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions. 19. A method of fabricating a fiber-optic switching system comprising:
fabricating an optical fiber switch, the fabricating comprising:
providing a first optical fiber portion and a second optical fiber portion spaced apart with a gap therebetween, the gap being sized to allow for light signal coupling between the first and second optical fiber portions in a signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch; and
providing an electrically-controlled actuator to transition the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing state, where the light signal is allowed to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch, and a signal-non-passing state, where the light signal is prevented from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch, the electrically-controlled actuator comprising an electroactive material exhibiting a physical change with change in an applied electric field, the physical change facilitating transitioning of the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing and signal-non-passing states. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the electroactive material comprises an electroactive polymer that exhibits a physical change with change in the applied electric field. | A fiber-optic switching system is provided which includes an optical fiber switch having first and second optical fiber portions and an electrically-controlled actuator. The first and second optical fiber portions are spaced apart with a gap between the portions that is sized to allow for light signal coupling between the optical fiber portions in a signal-passing state of the switch. The electrically-controlled actuator is coupled to transition the switch between the signal-passing state, where the light signal is allowed to pass between the optical fiber portions, and a signal-non-passing state, where the light signal is prevented from passing between the optical fiber portions. The electrically-controlled actuator includes an electroactive material exhibiting a physical change with change in an applied electrical field, where the physical change facilitates transitioning the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing and the signal-non-passing states.1. A fiber-optic switching system comprising:
an optical fiber switch, the optical fiber switch comprising:
a first optical fiber portion and a second optical fiber portion spaced apart with a gap therebetween, the gap being sized to allow for light signal coupling between the first and second optical fiber portions in a signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch; and
an electrically-controlled actuator coupled to transition the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing state, where the light signal is allowed to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch, and a signal-non-passing state, where the light signal is prevented from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch, the electrically-controlled actuator comprising an electroactive material exhibiting a physical change with change in an applied electric field, the physical change facilitating transitioning of the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing and the signal-non-passing states. 2. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 1, wherein the electroactive material comprises an electroactive polymer that exhibits a physical change with change in the applied electric field. 3. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 1, wherein in the signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch, the first and second optical fiber portions align, and in the signal-non-passing state, the first and second optical fiber portions misalign, the electrically-controlled actuator being coupled to the optical fiber switch to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned, and thereby transition the optical fiber state between the signal-passing state and the signal-non-passing state. 4. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 3, wherein in operation the electrically-controlled actuator is physically coupled to one optical fiber portion of the first and second optical fiber portions to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned with change in the applied electric field. 5. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 4, further comprising a movable bracket supporting, at least in part, the one optical fiber portion, the movable bracket being coupled to the electroactive material of the electrically-controlled actuator, and the change in the electric field applied to the electroactive material physically changing the electroactive material to move the movable bracket supporting the one optical fiber portion to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned, and thereby transition the optical fiber state between the signal-passing state and the signal-non-passing state. 6. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 5, wherein the electroactive material is configured as a cantilever with the movable bracket being supported by the cantilever at a free end of the cantilever. 7. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 1, wherein the first optical fiber portion comprises a first convex fiber tip at the gap, the first convex fiber tip being configured to facilitate light signal coupling between the first and second optical fibers in the signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch. 8. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 7, wherein the second optical fiber portion comprises a second convex fiber tip at the gap, the first and second convex fiber tips being configured to facilitate light signal coupling between the first and second optical fibers in the signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch. 9. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 1, wherein the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch are aligned across the gap, and the fiber-optic switching system further comprises:
a movable opaque member with a position relative to the gap controlled by the electrically-controlled actuator; and wherein in the signal-passing state, the movable opaque member is positioned offset from the aligned first and second optical fiber portions, allowing the light signal to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions, and in the signal-non-passing state, the movable opaque member is positioned between the aligned first and second optical fiber portions, preventing the light signal from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions. 10. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 9, wherein the movable opaque member comprises an opaque membrane sized to reside in the gap between the aligned first and second optical fiber portions in the signal-non-passing state of the optical fiber switch to prevent the light signal from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions. 11. A fiber-optic switching system comprising:
multiple optical fiber switches, a selected optical fiber switch of the multiple optical fiber switches comprising:
a first optical fiber portion and a second optical fiber portion spaced apart with a gap therebetween, the gap being sized to allow for light signal coupling between the first and second optical fiber portions in a signal-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch;
an electrically-controlled actuator coupled to transition the selected optical fiber switch of the multiple optical fiber switches between the signal-passing state, where the light signal is allowed to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions of the selected optical fiber switch, and a signal-non-passing state, where the light signal is prevented from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions of the selected optical fiber switch, the electrically-controlled actuator comprising an electroactive material exhibiting a physical change with change in an applied electric field, the physical change facilitating transitioning the selected optical fiber switch between the signal-passing and signal-non-passing states; and
a fiber-optic coupler assembly coupling the multiple optical fiber switches in optical communication with a fiber-optic output of the fiber-optic switching system, the electrically-controlled actuator facilitating selectively allowing the light signal to pass through the selected optical fiber switch, for passage through the fiber-optic coupler assembly to the fiber-optic output of the fiber-optic switching system. 12. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 11, wherein the electrically-controlled actuator comprises an electroactive polymer that exhibits a physical change with change in the applied electric field. 13. The fiber-optical switching system of claim 11, wherein in the signal-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch, the first and second optical fiber portions align, and in the signal-non-passing state, the first and second optical fiber portions misalign, the electrically-controlled actuator being coupled to the selected optical fiber switch to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned, and thereby transition the optical fiber state between the signal-passing state and the signal-non-passing state. 14. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 13, wherein the electrically-controlled actuator is physically coupled to one optical fiber portion of the first and second optical fiber portions to transition the first and second optical fiber portions between being aligned and being misaligned with change in the applied electric field. 15. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 11, wherein the first optical fiber portion comprises a first convex fiber tip at the gap, the first convex fiber tip being configured to facilitate light signal coupling between the first and second optical fibers in the signal-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch. 16. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 15, wherein the second optical fiber portion comprises a second convex fiber tip at the gap, the first and second convex fiber tips being configured to facilitate light signal coupling between the first and second optical fibers in the signal-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch. 17. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 11, wherein the first and second optical fiber portions of the selected optical fiber switch are aligned across the gap, and the fiber-optic switching system further comprises:
a movable opaque member with a position relative to the gap controlled by the electrically-controlled actuator; and wherein in the signal-passing state, the movable opaque member is positioned offset from the aligned first and second optical fiber portions, allowing the light signal to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions, and in the signal-non-passing state, the movable opaque member is positioned between the aligned first and second optical fiber portions, preventing the light signal from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions of the selected optical fiber switch. 18. The fiber-optic switching system of claim 17, wherein the movable opaque member comprises an opaque membrane sized to reside in the gap between the aligned first and second optical fiber portions in the signal-non-passing state of the selected optical fiber switch to prevent the light signal from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions. 19. A method of fabricating a fiber-optic switching system comprising:
fabricating an optical fiber switch, the fabricating comprising:
providing a first optical fiber portion and a second optical fiber portion spaced apart with a gap therebetween, the gap being sized to allow for light signal coupling between the first and second optical fiber portions in a signal-passing state of the optical fiber switch; and
providing an electrically-controlled actuator to transition the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing state, where the light signal is allowed to pass between the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch, and a signal-non-passing state, where the light signal is prevented from passing between the first and second optical fiber portions of the optical fiber switch, the electrically-controlled actuator comprising an electroactive material exhibiting a physical change with change in an applied electric field, the physical change facilitating transitioning of the optical fiber switch between the signal-passing and signal-non-passing states. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the electroactive material comprises an electroactive polymer that exhibits a physical change with change in the applied electric field. | 2,600 |
345,733 | 16,804,144 | 2,685 | A voice information processing apparatus includes: a hardware processor that: receives a user question; acquires answer information responsive to the received question; acquires state information on a user state; and selects an output mode of the answer information from among a plurality of output modes, based on the answer information and the state information, the plurality of output modes including a voice output mode; and an output device that outputs the answer information in the selected output mode. | 1. A voice information processing apparatus, comprising:
a hardware processor that:
receives a user question;
acquires answer information responsive to the received question;
acquires state information on a user state; and
selects an output mode of the answer information from among a plurality of output modes, based on the answer information and the state information, wherein the plurality of output modes comprises a voice output mode; and
an output device that outputs the answer information in the selected output mode. 2. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the state information includes schedule information on a user schedule, and the hardware processor:
calculates a required output time once the answer information is output by voice;
calculates a listening-possible time based on the schedule information; and
the required output time being longer than the listening-possible time, selects an output mode different from the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 3. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a print output mode that prints based on the answer information, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor selects the print output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 4. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a transmission mode that transmits the answer information to an information processing terminal, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor selects the transmission mode as the output mode of the answer information. 5. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the output device transmits an e-mail to a user address in the transmission mode. 6. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a print output mode that prints based on the answer information and a transmission mode that transmits the answer information to an information processing terminal, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor selects at least one of the print output mode and the transmission mode as the output mode of the answer information, based on a going-out time included in the schedule information. 7. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor:
presents to a user one or more output modes different from the voice output mode;
receives an operation by the user; and
selects, from among the output modes, an output mode based on the operation by the user. 8. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, upon determining that the required output time is shorter than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor selects the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 9. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, upon determining that the answer information includes confidential information, the hardware processor selects an output mode different from the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 10. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the hardware processor further:
performs voiceprint authentication based on a user voice and identifies the user; and
acquires the state information associated with the identified user. 11. A non-transitory recording medium storing a computer readable program executed on a computer to cause the computer to:
receive a user question; acquire answer information responsive to the received question; acquire state information on a user state; select an output mode of the answer information from among a plurality of output modes, based on the answer information and the state information, wherein the plurality of output modes comprises a voice output mode; and output the answer information in the selected output mode. 12. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 11, wherein
the state information includes schedule information on a user schedule, and the computer:
calculates a required output time once the answer information is output by voice;
calculates a listening-possible time based on the schedule information; and
the required output time being longer than the listening-possible time, selects an output mode different from the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 13. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a print output mode that prints based on the answer information, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the computer selects the print output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 14. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a transmission mode that transmits the answer information to an information processing terminal, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the computer selects the transmission mode as the output mode of the answer information. 15. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 14, wherein the computer transmits an e-mail to a user address in the transmission mode. 16. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a print output mode that prints based on the answer information and a transmission mode that transmits the answer information to an information processing terminal, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the computer selects at least one of the print output mode and the transmission mode as the output mode of the answer information, based on a going-out time included in the schedule information. 17. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein
upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the computer:
presents to a user one or more output modes different from the voice output mode;
receives an operation by the user; and
selects, from among the output modes, an output mode based on the operation by the user. 18. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein upon determining that the required output time is shorter than the listening-possible time, the computer selects the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 19. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 11, wherein
upon determining that the answer information includes confidential information, the computer selects an output mode different from the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 20. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 11, wherein
the program further causes the computer to:
perform voiceprint authentication based on a user voice and identify the user; and
acquire the state information associated with the identified user. | A voice information processing apparatus includes: a hardware processor that: receives a user question; acquires answer information responsive to the received question; acquires state information on a user state; and selects an output mode of the answer information from among a plurality of output modes, based on the answer information and the state information, the plurality of output modes including a voice output mode; and an output device that outputs the answer information in the selected output mode.1. A voice information processing apparatus, comprising:
a hardware processor that:
receives a user question;
acquires answer information responsive to the received question;
acquires state information on a user state; and
selects an output mode of the answer information from among a plurality of output modes, based on the answer information and the state information, wherein the plurality of output modes comprises a voice output mode; and
an output device that outputs the answer information in the selected output mode. 2. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the state information includes schedule information on a user schedule, and the hardware processor:
calculates a required output time once the answer information is output by voice;
calculates a listening-possible time based on the schedule information; and
the required output time being longer than the listening-possible time, selects an output mode different from the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 3. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a print output mode that prints based on the answer information, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor selects the print output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 4. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a transmission mode that transmits the answer information to an information processing terminal, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor selects the transmission mode as the output mode of the answer information. 5. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the output device transmits an e-mail to a user address in the transmission mode. 6. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a print output mode that prints based on the answer information and a transmission mode that transmits the answer information to an information processing terminal, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor selects at least one of the print output mode and the transmission mode as the output mode of the answer information, based on a going-out time included in the schedule information. 7. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor:
presents to a user one or more output modes different from the voice output mode;
receives an operation by the user; and
selects, from among the output modes, an output mode based on the operation by the user. 8. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, upon determining that the required output time is shorter than the listening-possible time, the hardware processor selects the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 9. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, upon determining that the answer information includes confidential information, the hardware processor selects an output mode different from the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 10. The voice information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the hardware processor further:
performs voiceprint authentication based on a user voice and identifies the user; and
acquires the state information associated with the identified user. 11. A non-transitory recording medium storing a computer readable program executed on a computer to cause the computer to:
receive a user question; acquire answer information responsive to the received question; acquire state information on a user state; select an output mode of the answer information from among a plurality of output modes, based on the answer information and the state information, wherein the plurality of output modes comprises a voice output mode; and output the answer information in the selected output mode. 12. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 11, wherein
the state information includes schedule information on a user schedule, and the computer:
calculates a required output time once the answer information is output by voice;
calculates a listening-possible time based on the schedule information; and
the required output time being longer than the listening-possible time, selects an output mode different from the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 13. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a print output mode that prints based on the answer information, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the computer selects the print output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 14. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a transmission mode that transmits the answer information to an information processing terminal, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the computer selects the transmission mode as the output mode of the answer information. 15. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 14, wherein the computer transmits an e-mail to a user address in the transmission mode. 16. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein
the plurality of output modes further comprises a print output mode that prints based on the answer information and a transmission mode that transmits the answer information to an information processing terminal, and upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the computer selects at least one of the print output mode and the transmission mode as the output mode of the answer information, based on a going-out time included in the schedule information. 17. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein
upon determining that the required output time is longer than the listening-possible time, the computer:
presents to a user one or more output modes different from the voice output mode;
receives an operation by the user; and
selects, from among the output modes, an output mode based on the operation by the user. 18. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 12, wherein upon determining that the required output time is shorter than the listening-possible time, the computer selects the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 19. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 11, wherein
upon determining that the answer information includes confidential information, the computer selects an output mode different from the voice output mode as the output mode of the answer information. 20. The non-transitory recording medium according to claim 11, wherein
the program further causes the computer to:
perform voiceprint authentication based on a user voice and identify the user; and
acquire the state information associated with the identified user. | 2,600 |
345,734 | 16,804,133 | 2,685 | A scintillation crystal can include a rare earth silicate, an activator, and a Group 2 co-dopant. In an embodiment, the Group 2 co-dopant concentration may not exceed 200 ppm atomic in the crystal or 0.25 at % in the melt before the crystal is formed. The ratio of the Group 2 concentration/activator atomic concentration can be in a range of 0.4 to 2.5. In another embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a decay time no greater than 40 ns, and in another embodiment, have the same or higher light output than another crystal having the same composition except without the Group 2 co-dopant. In a further embodiment, a boule can be grown to a diameter of at least 75 mm and have no spiral or very low spiral and no cracks. The scintillation crystal can be used in a radiation detection apparatus and be coupled to a photosensor. | 1. A scintillation crystal comprising a rare earth silicate, a first dopant, and a second dopant, wherein:
the first dopant is an activator and has a first atomic concentration; the second dopant includes Ca and has a second atomic concentration that does not exceed 200 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal; and the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 40 ns. 2. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, wherein the first dopant has a concentration in the scintillation crystal of at least 20 atomic ppm based on a total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal. 3. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, wherein the atomic concentration of Ca does not exceed 160 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal. 4. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of at least 15 ns. 5. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 38 ns. 6. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 36 ns. 7. A scintillation crystal comprising a formula of Ln2SiO5:Ac, Me, wherein:
Ac is a first dopant and has a first atomic concentration; Ln includes one or more rare earth elements different from the first dopant; Me is a second dopant and includes a Group 2 element and has a second atomic concentration that does not exceed 200 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal; and the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 40 ns. 8. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein the first dopant is Ce, Pr, Tb, or any combination thereof. 9. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein the first dopant has a concentration in the scintillation crystal of at least 20 atomic ppm based on a total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal. 10. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein the first dopant is an activator. 11. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein the second dopant is Ca. 12. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, wherein the second dopant is Ca and has a concentration in the scintillation crystal no greater than 160 atomic ppm based on a total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal. 13. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein Ln is Y, Gd, Lu, or any combination thereof. 14. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein Ln is Lu or Lu(1−x)Yx, wherein 0.0<x<1.0. 15. A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) device, comprising:
a scintillation crystal within the PET device, wherein the scintillation crystal comprises:
a rare earth silicate;
a first dopant; and
a second dopant, wherein the first dopant is an activator and has a first atomic concentration, wherein the second dopant includes a Group 2 element and has a second atomic concentration that does not exceed 200 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal, and wherein the scintillation crystal has a decay time no greater than 40 ns. 16. The PET device of claim 15, wherein the PET device is a Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOP PET) imaging device. 17. The scintillation crystal of claim 15, wherein the second dopant is Ca. 18. The scintillation crystal of claim 15, wherein the second dopant is Ca and has a concentration in the scintillation crystal no greater than 160 atomic ppm based on a total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal. 19. The scintillation crystal of claim 15, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 38 ns. 20. The scintillation crystal of claim 15, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 36 ns. | A scintillation crystal can include a rare earth silicate, an activator, and a Group 2 co-dopant. In an embodiment, the Group 2 co-dopant concentration may not exceed 200 ppm atomic in the crystal or 0.25 at % in the melt before the crystal is formed. The ratio of the Group 2 concentration/activator atomic concentration can be in a range of 0.4 to 2.5. In another embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a decay time no greater than 40 ns, and in another embodiment, have the same or higher light output than another crystal having the same composition except without the Group 2 co-dopant. In a further embodiment, a boule can be grown to a diameter of at least 75 mm and have no spiral or very low spiral and no cracks. The scintillation crystal can be used in a radiation detection apparatus and be coupled to a photosensor.1. A scintillation crystal comprising a rare earth silicate, a first dopant, and a second dopant, wherein:
the first dopant is an activator and has a first atomic concentration; the second dopant includes Ca and has a second atomic concentration that does not exceed 200 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal; and the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 40 ns. 2. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, wherein the first dopant has a concentration in the scintillation crystal of at least 20 atomic ppm based on a total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal. 3. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, wherein the atomic concentration of Ca does not exceed 160 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal. 4. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of at least 15 ns. 5. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 38 ns. 6. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 36 ns. 7. A scintillation crystal comprising a formula of Ln2SiO5:Ac, Me, wherein:
Ac is a first dopant and has a first atomic concentration; Ln includes one or more rare earth elements different from the first dopant; Me is a second dopant and includes a Group 2 element and has a second atomic concentration that does not exceed 200 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal; and the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 40 ns. 8. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein the first dopant is Ce, Pr, Tb, or any combination thereof. 9. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein the first dopant has a concentration in the scintillation crystal of at least 20 atomic ppm based on a total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal. 10. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein the first dopant is an activator. 11. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein the second dopant is Ca. 12. The scintillation crystal of claim 1, wherein the second dopant is Ca and has a concentration in the scintillation crystal no greater than 160 atomic ppm based on a total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal. 13. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein Ln is Y, Gd, Lu, or any combination thereof. 14. The scintillation crystal of claim 7, wherein Ln is Lu or Lu(1−x)Yx, wherein 0.0<x<1.0. 15. A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) device, comprising:
a scintillation crystal within the PET device, wherein the scintillation crystal comprises:
a rare earth silicate;
a first dopant; and
a second dopant, wherein the first dopant is an activator and has a first atomic concentration, wherein the second dopant includes a Group 2 element and has a second atomic concentration that does not exceed 200 ppm atomic based on a total rare earth content of the scintillation crystal, and wherein the scintillation crystal has a decay time no greater than 40 ns. 16. The PET device of claim 15, wherein the PET device is a Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOP PET) imaging device. 17. The scintillation crystal of claim 15, wherein the second dopant is Ca. 18. The scintillation crystal of claim 15, wherein the second dopant is Ca and has a concentration in the scintillation crystal no greater than 160 atomic ppm based on a total rare earth content in the scintillation crystal. 19. The scintillation crystal of claim 15, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 38 ns. 20. The scintillation crystal of claim 15, the scintillation crystal has a decay time of no greater than 36 ns. | 2,600 |
345,735 | 16,804,105 | 2,685 | Separators, for use in electrochemical devices, that each include a porous body and at least one ionic-flow-control layer that includes at least one copolymer blend tuned to melt at a design temperature so that, when melted, the copolymer blend block the flow of ions of an electrolyte through the porous separator. In some embodiments, each copolymer blend is applied to the porous body in particulate form. In some embodiments, two or more copolymer blends of differing design melting temperatures are provided to the ionic-flow-control layer. In embodiments having multiple differing copolymer blends of differing melting temperatures, the copolymer blends may be provided in the ionic-flow-control layer in discrete regions or as a mixture of un-melted particles. An ionic-flow-control layer may be provided separately from or integrally with a porous separator body. Electrochemical devices including ionic-flow-control layers are also disclosed. | 1. A separator for an electrolytic device that utilizes an electrolyte containing ions, the separator comprising:
a porous body having a first side and a second side spaced from the first side, the porous body configured to allow movement of the ions through the porous body when the separator is immersed in the electrolyte in the electrolytic device; and an ionic-flow-control layer functionally located relative to the porous body, wherein the ionic-flow-control layer comprises a first plurality of particles each comprising a first copolymer blend compositionally tuned to melt at a first design melting temperature, wherein:
when the ionic-flow-control layer has not been subjected to the first design melting temperature and the separator is immersed in the electrolyte, the ionic-flow-control layer has a porosity that allows movement of the ions through the ionic-flow-control layer and permit the ions to flow through the separator; and
when the ionic-flow-control layer has been subjected to the first design melting temperature or greater and the separator is immersed in the electrolyte, the first plurality of particles melt so as to reduce the porosity of the ionic-flow-control layer and thereby inhibit flow of the ions through the separator. 2. The separator of claim 1, wherein the porous body comprises a porous polymer having a melting temperature greater than the first design melting temperature. 3. The separator of claim 1, wherein the porous body comprises a porous polymer and a ceramic material coated onto the polymer. 4. The separator of claim 1, wherein the porous body comprises a ceramic material. 5. The separator of claim 1, wherein the first copolymer blend comprises a longer-chain polymer and a shorter-chain polymer. 6. The separator of claim 5, wherein the long chain polymer comprises polyethylene and the softer polymer comprises vinyl acetate. 7. The separator of claim 1, wherein the mean size of the first plurality of particles is in a range of about 1 microns to about 10 microns. 8. The separator of claim 1, wherein the average spacing between adjacent particles in the first plurality of particles is in a range of about 2 microns to about 5 microns. 9. The separator of claim 1, wherein each of the first plurality of particles is substantially spherical in shape. 10. The separator of claim 1, wherein each of the first plurality of particles is substantially cubical in shape. 11. The separator of claim 1, wherein the porous separator has a functional area, and at least 80% of the functional area is covered by the particular layer. 12. The separator of claim 1, wherein the first design melting temperature is in a range of about 60° C. to about 100° C. 13. The separator of claim 1, wherein the first design melting temperature is in a range of about 90° C. to about 120° C. 14. The separator of claim 1, wherein the ionic-flow-control layer is configured to further reduce flow of the ions through the separator when the temperature of the ionic-flow-control layer reaches a second design melting temperature higher than the first design melting temperature, the ionic-flow-control layer comprises a second plurality of particles each comprising a second copolymer blend compositionally tuned to melt substantially at the second design melting temperature so as to further reduce the porosity of the ionic-flow-control layer and thereby further inhibit flow of the ions through the separator. 15. The separator of claim 14, wherein the second plurality of particles are distributed throughout the first plurality of particles within the ionic-flow-control layer. 16. The separator of claim 14, wherein the ionic-flow-control layer has first and second regions that are distinct from one another, and the first plurality of particles are clustered with one another in the first region and the second plurality of particles are clustered with one another in the second region. 17. The separator of claim 16, wherein the first and second regions are both located on the first side of the porous body. 18. The separator of claim 16, wherein the first region is on the first side of the porous body and the second region is on the second side of the porous body. 19. The separator of claim 14, wherein the first design melting temperature is in a range of about 65° C. to about 100° C. and the second design melting temperature is in a range of about 90° C. to about 120° C. 20. The separator of claim 1, wherein the ionic-flow-control layer is located on each of the first and second sides of the porous body. | Separators, for use in electrochemical devices, that each include a porous body and at least one ionic-flow-control layer that includes at least one copolymer blend tuned to melt at a design temperature so that, when melted, the copolymer blend block the flow of ions of an electrolyte through the porous separator. In some embodiments, each copolymer blend is applied to the porous body in particulate form. In some embodiments, two or more copolymer blends of differing design melting temperatures are provided to the ionic-flow-control layer. In embodiments having multiple differing copolymer blends of differing melting temperatures, the copolymer blends may be provided in the ionic-flow-control layer in discrete regions or as a mixture of un-melted particles. An ionic-flow-control layer may be provided separately from or integrally with a porous separator body. Electrochemical devices including ionic-flow-control layers are also disclosed.1. A separator for an electrolytic device that utilizes an electrolyte containing ions, the separator comprising:
a porous body having a first side and a second side spaced from the first side, the porous body configured to allow movement of the ions through the porous body when the separator is immersed in the electrolyte in the electrolytic device; and an ionic-flow-control layer functionally located relative to the porous body, wherein the ionic-flow-control layer comprises a first plurality of particles each comprising a first copolymer blend compositionally tuned to melt at a first design melting temperature, wherein:
when the ionic-flow-control layer has not been subjected to the first design melting temperature and the separator is immersed in the electrolyte, the ionic-flow-control layer has a porosity that allows movement of the ions through the ionic-flow-control layer and permit the ions to flow through the separator; and
when the ionic-flow-control layer has been subjected to the first design melting temperature or greater and the separator is immersed in the electrolyte, the first plurality of particles melt so as to reduce the porosity of the ionic-flow-control layer and thereby inhibit flow of the ions through the separator. 2. The separator of claim 1, wherein the porous body comprises a porous polymer having a melting temperature greater than the first design melting temperature. 3. The separator of claim 1, wherein the porous body comprises a porous polymer and a ceramic material coated onto the polymer. 4. The separator of claim 1, wherein the porous body comprises a ceramic material. 5. The separator of claim 1, wherein the first copolymer blend comprises a longer-chain polymer and a shorter-chain polymer. 6. The separator of claim 5, wherein the long chain polymer comprises polyethylene and the softer polymer comprises vinyl acetate. 7. The separator of claim 1, wherein the mean size of the first plurality of particles is in a range of about 1 microns to about 10 microns. 8. The separator of claim 1, wherein the average spacing between adjacent particles in the first plurality of particles is in a range of about 2 microns to about 5 microns. 9. The separator of claim 1, wherein each of the first plurality of particles is substantially spherical in shape. 10. The separator of claim 1, wherein each of the first plurality of particles is substantially cubical in shape. 11. The separator of claim 1, wherein the porous separator has a functional area, and at least 80% of the functional area is covered by the particular layer. 12. The separator of claim 1, wherein the first design melting temperature is in a range of about 60° C. to about 100° C. 13. The separator of claim 1, wherein the first design melting temperature is in a range of about 90° C. to about 120° C. 14. The separator of claim 1, wherein the ionic-flow-control layer is configured to further reduce flow of the ions through the separator when the temperature of the ionic-flow-control layer reaches a second design melting temperature higher than the first design melting temperature, the ionic-flow-control layer comprises a second plurality of particles each comprising a second copolymer blend compositionally tuned to melt substantially at the second design melting temperature so as to further reduce the porosity of the ionic-flow-control layer and thereby further inhibit flow of the ions through the separator. 15. The separator of claim 14, wherein the second plurality of particles are distributed throughout the first plurality of particles within the ionic-flow-control layer. 16. The separator of claim 14, wherein the ionic-flow-control layer has first and second regions that are distinct from one another, and the first plurality of particles are clustered with one another in the first region and the second plurality of particles are clustered with one another in the second region. 17. The separator of claim 16, wherein the first and second regions are both located on the first side of the porous body. 18. The separator of claim 16, wherein the first region is on the first side of the porous body and the second region is on the second side of the porous body. 19. The separator of claim 14, wherein the first design melting temperature is in a range of about 65° C. to about 100° C. and the second design melting temperature is in a range of about 90° C. to about 120° C. 20. The separator of claim 1, wherein the ionic-flow-control layer is located on each of the first and second sides of the porous body. | 2,600 |
345,736 | 16,804,135 | 2,685 | Systems and methods for controlling optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes is described herein. The method comprises obtaining a reference optical power. The method also includes determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node. The method further includes applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. In some implementations, the method is performed by a network controller operating in the optical communications network. | 1. A method of controlling optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes, the method comprising:
obtaining a reference optical power; determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node; and applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reference optical power is obtained by:
obtaining a transmission loss for each optical channel of each of the nodes; identifying the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss; and setting the reference optical power equal to an optical power of the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical communications network is a fronthaul network of a radio access network, RAN, and the nodes are radio base station (RBS) nodes. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a network controller operating in the optical communications network. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining the optical power of the optical channel comprises determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by a multi-wavelength optical transmitter of an RBS node. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of nodes communicate via a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) ring. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical communications network comprises a 5G radio network and one of a 2G, 3G, and 4G radio network. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
prior to obtaining the reference optical power:
determining whether a measured optical power has satisfied a pre-determined threshold; and
responsive to determining the measured optical power has satisfied the pre-determined threshold, determining whether the measured optical power is due to a change of an operating mode of the optical communications network. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
responsive to determining the measured optical power is not due to a change of an operating mode of the optical communication network, determining whether a maximum tuning range has been reached; and wherein obtaining the reference optical power comprises obtaining the reference optical power responsive to determining a maximum tuning range has not been reached. 10. A network controller configured to control optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes, the network controller comprising:
processing circuitry configured to perform operations comprising
obtaining a reference optical power,
determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node, and
applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. 11. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to obtain the reference optical power by:
obtaining a transmission loss for each optical channel of each of the nodes; identifying the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss; and setting the reference optical power equal to an optical power of the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss. 12. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the optical communications network is a fronthaul network of a radio access network, RAN, and the nodes are radio base station (RBS) nodes. 13. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to determine the optical power of the optical channel by determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by a multi-wavelength optical transmitter of an RBS node. 14. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the plurality of nodes are connected via a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) ring. 15. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the optical communications network comprises a 5G radio network and one of a 2G, 3G, and 4G radio network. 16. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform operations comprising,
prior to obtaining the reference optical power:
determining whether a measured optical power has satisfied a pre-determined threshold, and
responsive to determining the measured optical power has satisfied the pre-determined threshold, determining whether the measured optical power is due to a change of an operating mode of the optical communications network. 17. The network controller as claimed in claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform operations comprising
responsive to determining the measured optical power is not due to a change of an operating mode of the optical communication network, determining whether a maximum tuning range has been reached, and wherein obtaining the reference optical power comprises obtaining the reference optical power responsive to determining a maximum tuning range has not been reached. 18. A computer program product comprised on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program product comprising executable instructions that when executed by a processor of a network controller of a network controller configured to control optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes, causes the processor performs operations comprising:
obtaining a reference optical power; determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node; and applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. 19. The computer program product as claimed in claim 18, wherein the computer program product comprises further executable instructions that when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform operations comprising:
obtaining a transmission loss for each optical channel of each of the nodes; identifying the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss; and setting the reference optical power equal to an optical power of the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss. 20. The computer program product as claimed in claim 18, wherein the optical communications network is a fronthaul network of a radio access network, RAN, and the nodes are radio base station (RBS) nodes. | Systems and methods for controlling optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes is described herein. The method comprises obtaining a reference optical power. The method also includes determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node. The method further includes applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. In some implementations, the method is performed by a network controller operating in the optical communications network.1. A method of controlling optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes, the method comprising:
obtaining a reference optical power; determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node; and applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reference optical power is obtained by:
obtaining a transmission loss for each optical channel of each of the nodes; identifying the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss; and setting the reference optical power equal to an optical power of the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical communications network is a fronthaul network of a radio access network, RAN, and the nodes are radio base station (RBS) nodes. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a network controller operating in the optical communications network. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining the optical power of the optical channel comprises determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by a multi-wavelength optical transmitter of an RBS node. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of nodes communicate via a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) ring. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical communications network comprises a 5G radio network and one of a 2G, 3G, and 4G radio network. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
prior to obtaining the reference optical power:
determining whether a measured optical power has satisfied a pre-determined threshold; and
responsive to determining the measured optical power has satisfied the pre-determined threshold, determining whether the measured optical power is due to a change of an operating mode of the optical communications network. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
responsive to determining the measured optical power is not due to a change of an operating mode of the optical communication network, determining whether a maximum tuning range has been reached; and wherein obtaining the reference optical power comprises obtaining the reference optical power responsive to determining a maximum tuning range has not been reached. 10. A network controller configured to control optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes, the network controller comprising:
processing circuitry configured to perform operations comprising
obtaining a reference optical power,
determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node, and
applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. 11. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to obtain the reference optical power by:
obtaining a transmission loss for each optical channel of each of the nodes; identifying the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss; and setting the reference optical power equal to an optical power of the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss. 12. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the optical communications network is a fronthaul network of a radio access network, RAN, and the nodes are radio base station (RBS) nodes. 13. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to determine the optical power of the optical channel by determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by a multi-wavelength optical transmitter of an RBS node. 14. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the plurality of nodes are connected via a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) ring. 15. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the optical communications network comprises a 5G radio network and one of a 2G, 3G, and 4G radio network. 16. The network controller as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform operations comprising,
prior to obtaining the reference optical power:
determining whether a measured optical power has satisfied a pre-determined threshold, and
responsive to determining the measured optical power has satisfied the pre-determined threshold, determining whether the measured optical power is due to a change of an operating mode of the optical communications network. 17. The network controller as claimed in claim 16, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform operations comprising
responsive to determining the measured optical power is not due to a change of an operating mode of the optical communication network, determining whether a maximum tuning range has been reached, and wherein obtaining the reference optical power comprises obtaining the reference optical power responsive to determining a maximum tuning range has not been reached. 18. A computer program product comprised on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program product comprising executable instructions that when executed by a processor of a network controller of a network controller configured to control optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes, causes the processor performs operations comprising:
obtaining a reference optical power; determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node; and applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. 19. The computer program product as claimed in claim 18, wherein the computer program product comprises further executable instructions that when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform operations comprising:
obtaining a transmission loss for each optical channel of each of the nodes; identifying the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss; and setting the reference optical power equal to an optical power of the optical channel having the maximum transmission loss. 20. The computer program product as claimed in claim 18, wherein the optical communications network is a fronthaul network of a radio access network, RAN, and the nodes are radio base station (RBS) nodes. | 2,600 |
345,737 | 16,804,134 | 3,791 | A blood-pressure measurement apparatus according to an embodiment comprises a measurer and a blood-pressure acquirer. The measurer is configured to measure a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal scattered in a body of the subject when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated. The blood-pressure acquirer is configured to acquire a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes the maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. | 1. A blood-pressure measurement apparatus comprising:
a measurer configured to measure a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal scattered in a body of the subject when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated; and a blood-pressure acquirer configured to acquire a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes a maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer acquires a systolic blood pressure further based on a third value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a second time period in a time period from a third reference time at which the pulse rises to a fourth reference time of a maximum peak of the pulse. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first time period is between the first reference time and the fourth reference time, and the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer obtains a fifth reference time that has an equivalent value to the pulse at the first reference time in a time period from the fourth reference time to the second reference time, and
the first time period and the second time period are a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second time period is a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein blood-pressure acquirer acquires the third reference time based on a value obtained by dividing a first difference value obtained by subtracting a direct-current component of the pulse from a value of the pulse at the first reference time, by the maximum value of the first-order differentiation. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer acquires at least one of the first value and the third value based on a value corresponding to a blood vessel volume of the subject at the first reference time. 9. A blood-pressure measurement method comprising:
measuring a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal that is scattered in a body of the subject and is then received when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated to the subject; and acquiring a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes a maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring acquires a systolic blood pressure further based on a third value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a second time period in a time period from a third reference time at which the pulse rises to a fourth reference time of a maximum peak of the pulse. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first time period is between the first reference time and the fourth reference time, and the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring obtains a fifth reference time that has an equivalent value to the pulse at the first reference time in a time period from the fourth reference time to the second reference time, and
the first time period and the second time period are a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second time period is a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein blood-pressure acquiring acquires the third reference time based on a value obtained by dividing a first difference value obtained by subtracting a direct-current component of the pulse from a value of the pulse at the first reference time, by the maximum value of the first-order differentiation. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring acquires at least one of the first value and the third value based on a value corresponding to a blood vessel volume of the subject at the first reference time. | A blood-pressure measurement apparatus according to an embodiment comprises a measurer and a blood-pressure acquirer. The measurer is configured to measure a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal scattered in a body of the subject when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated. The blood-pressure acquirer is configured to acquire a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes the maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject.1. A blood-pressure measurement apparatus comprising:
a measurer configured to measure a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal scattered in a body of the subject when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated; and a blood-pressure acquirer configured to acquire a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes a maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer acquires a systolic blood pressure further based on a third value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a second time period in a time period from a third reference time at which the pulse rises to a fourth reference time of a maximum peak of the pulse. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first time period is between the first reference time and the fourth reference time, and the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer obtains a fifth reference time that has an equivalent value to the pulse at the first reference time in a time period from the fourth reference time to the second reference time, and
the first time period and the second time period are a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second time period is a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein blood-pressure acquirer acquires the third reference time based on a value obtained by dividing a first difference value obtained by subtracting a direct-current component of the pulse from a value of the pulse at the first reference time, by the maximum value of the first-order differentiation. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer acquires at least one of the first value and the third value based on a value corresponding to a blood vessel volume of the subject at the first reference time. 9. A blood-pressure measurement method comprising:
measuring a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal that is scattered in a body of the subject and is then received when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated to the subject; and acquiring a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes a maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring acquires a systolic blood pressure further based on a third value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a second time period in a time period from a third reference time at which the pulse rises to a fourth reference time of a maximum peak of the pulse. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first time period is between the first reference time and the fourth reference time, and the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring obtains a fifth reference time that has an equivalent value to the pulse at the first reference time in a time period from the fourth reference time to the second reference time, and
the first time period and the second time period are a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second time period is a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein blood-pressure acquiring acquires the third reference time based on a value obtained by dividing a first difference value obtained by subtracting a direct-current component of the pulse from a value of the pulse at the first reference time, by the maximum value of the first-order differentiation. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring acquires at least one of the first value and the third value based on a value corresponding to a blood vessel volume of the subject at the first reference time. | 3,700 |
345,738 | 16,804,126 | 3,791 | A blood-pressure measurement apparatus according to an embodiment comprises a measurer and a blood-pressure acquirer. The measurer is configured to measure a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal scattered in a body of the subject when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated. The blood-pressure acquirer is configured to acquire a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes the maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. | 1. A blood-pressure measurement apparatus comprising:
a measurer configured to measure a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal scattered in a body of the subject when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated; and a blood-pressure acquirer configured to acquire a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes a maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer acquires a systolic blood pressure further based on a third value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a second time period in a time period from a third reference time at which the pulse rises to a fourth reference time of a maximum peak of the pulse. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first time period is between the first reference time and the fourth reference time, and the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer obtains a fifth reference time that has an equivalent value to the pulse at the first reference time in a time period from the fourth reference time to the second reference time, and
the first time period and the second time period are a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second time period is a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein blood-pressure acquirer acquires the third reference time based on a value obtained by dividing a first difference value obtained by subtracting a direct-current component of the pulse from a value of the pulse at the first reference time, by the maximum value of the first-order differentiation. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer acquires at least one of the first value and the third value based on a value corresponding to a blood vessel volume of the subject at the first reference time. 9. A blood-pressure measurement method comprising:
measuring a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal that is scattered in a body of the subject and is then received when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated to the subject; and acquiring a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes a maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring acquires a systolic blood pressure further based on a third value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a second time period in a time period from a third reference time at which the pulse rises to a fourth reference time of a maximum peak of the pulse. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first time period is between the first reference time and the fourth reference time, and the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring obtains a fifth reference time that has an equivalent value to the pulse at the first reference time in a time period from the fourth reference time to the second reference time, and
the first time period and the second time period are a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second time period is a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein blood-pressure acquiring acquires the third reference time based on a value obtained by dividing a first difference value obtained by subtracting a direct-current component of the pulse from a value of the pulse at the first reference time, by the maximum value of the first-order differentiation. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring acquires at least one of the first value and the third value based on a value corresponding to a blood vessel volume of the subject at the first reference time. | A blood-pressure measurement apparatus according to an embodiment comprises a measurer and a blood-pressure acquirer. The measurer is configured to measure a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal scattered in a body of the subject when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated. The blood-pressure acquirer is configured to acquire a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes the maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject.1. A blood-pressure measurement apparatus comprising:
a measurer configured to measure a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal scattered in a body of the subject when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated; and a blood-pressure acquirer configured to acquire a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes a maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer acquires a systolic blood pressure further based on a third value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a second time period in a time period from a third reference time at which the pulse rises to a fourth reference time of a maximum peak of the pulse. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first time period is between the first reference time and the fourth reference time, and the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer obtains a fifth reference time that has an equivalent value to the pulse at the first reference time in a time period from the fourth reference time to the second reference time, and
the first time period and the second time period are a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second time period is a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein blood-pressure acquirer acquires the third reference time based on a value obtained by dividing a first difference value obtained by subtracting a direct-current component of the pulse from a value of the pulse at the first reference time, by the maximum value of the first-order differentiation. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blood-pressure acquirer acquires at least one of the first value and the third value based on a value corresponding to a blood vessel volume of the subject at the first reference time. 9. A blood-pressure measurement method comprising:
measuring a pulse of a subject based on a received-light signal that is scattered in a body of the subject and is then received when a light signal in a predetermined frequency band is irradiated to the subject; and acquiring a diastolic blood pressure based on a first value and a second value, the first value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a first time period in a time period from a first reference time at which a value obtained by first-order differentiation of the pulse with respect to a time becomes a maximum to a second reference time at which a next pulse rises, the second value corresponding to a vascular resistance of the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring acquires a systolic blood pressure further based on a third value corresponding to a blood flow of the subject in a second time period in a time period from a third reference time at which the pulse rises to a fourth reference time of a maximum peak of the pulse. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first time period is between the first reference time and the fourth reference time, and the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring obtains a fifth reference time that has an equivalent value to the pulse at the first reference time in a time period from the fourth reference time to the second reference time, and
the first time period and the second time period are a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the second time period is a time period from the third reference time to the first reference time. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second time period is a time period from the fourth reference time to the fifth reference time. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein blood-pressure acquiring acquires the third reference time based on a value obtained by dividing a first difference value obtained by subtracting a direct-current component of the pulse from a value of the pulse at the first reference time, by the maximum value of the first-order differentiation. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the blood-pressure acquiring acquires at least one of the first value and the third value based on a value corresponding to a blood vessel volume of the subject at the first reference time. | 3,700 |
345,739 | 16,804,119 | 3,791 | A communications system is described in which user devices are allocated sub-carriers on which to transmit uplink data to a base station. ACK/NACK messages for the data transmitted on the uplink are then transmitted by the base station on sub-carriers that depend on the sub-carriers used to carry the uplink data. A direct mapping function is preferably used to determine the sub-carriers to be used for the ACK/NACK messages from the uplink sub-carriers. In another embodiment, the ACK/NACK messages are transmitted to the user devices on sub-carriers that are previously identified to the user devices, preferably by transmitting one or more index values to the user device in a control channel thereof. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a communication node, the user equipment comprising:
a receiver configured to:
receive control data comprising an allocation of at least one chunk;
receive a configuration of at least one resource to be used for an ACK/NACK channel;
a transmitter configured to transmit uplink data based on the at least one chunk; and a controller configured to determine at least one ACK/NACK channel resource based on:
1) a value based on an index of a chunk allocated for a corresponding uplink data transmission, 2) the configuration, and 3) a total number of chunks in a downlink bandwidth;
wherein the receiver is configured to receive at least one ACK/NACK, over an ACK/NACK channel based on the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource. 10. The user equipment according to claim 9, wherein the at least one chunk comprises at least one of a plurality of chunks that are numbered in a frequency domain. 11. The user equipment according to claim 9, wherein each of the at least one chunk corresponds to each of at least one resource block. 12. The user equipment according to claim 9, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is determined based on modulo arithmetic. 13. A communication method of a user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a communication node, the method comprising:
receiving control data comprising an allocation of at least one chunk; receiving a configuration of at least one resource to be used for an ACK/NACK channel; transmitting uplink data based on the at least one chunk; determining at least one ACK/NACK channel resource based on:
1) a value based on an index of a chunk allocated for a corresponding uplink data transmission, 2) the configuration, and 3) a total number of chunks in a downlink bandwidth; and
receiving at least one ACK/NACK, over an ACK/NACK channel based on the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the at least one chunk comprises at least one of a plurality of chunks that are numbered in a frequency domain. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein each of the at least one chunk corresponds to each of at least one resource block. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is determined based on modulo arithmetic. 17. A communication node configured to communicate with user equipment (UE), the communication node comprising:
a transmitter configured: to transmit control data comprising an allocation of at least one chunk; to transmit a configuration of at least one resource to be used for an ACK/NACK channel; and a receiver configured to receive uplink data based on the at least one chunk; wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit at least one ACK/NACK, over an ACK/NACK channel based on at least one ACK/NACK channel resource, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is based on:
1) a value based on an index of a chunk allocated for a corresponding uplink data transmission, 2) the configuration, and 3) a total number of chunks in a downlink bandwidth. 18. The communication node according to claim 17, wherein the at least one chunk comprises at least one of a plurality of chunks that are numbered in a frequency domain. 19. The communication node according to claim 17, wherein each of the at least one chunk corresponds to each of at least one resource block. 20. The communication node according to claim 17, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is based on modulo arithmetic. 21. A communication method of a communication node configured to communicate with user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
transmitting control data comprising an allocation of at least one chunk; transmitting a configuration of at least one resource to be used for an ACK/NACK channel; receiving uplink data based on the at least one chunk; and transmitting at least one ACK/NACK, over an ACK/NACK channel based on at least one ACK/NACK channel resource, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is based on:
1) a value based on an index of a chunk allocated for a corresponding uplink data transmission, 2) the configuration, and 3) a total number of chunks in a downlink bandwidth. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one chunk comprises at least one of a plurality of chunks that are numbered in a frequency domain. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein each of the at least one chunk corresponds to each of at least one resource block. 24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is based on modulo arithmetic. | A communications system is described in which user devices are allocated sub-carriers on which to transmit uplink data to a base station. ACK/NACK messages for the data transmitted on the uplink are then transmitted by the base station on sub-carriers that depend on the sub-carriers used to carry the uplink data. A direct mapping function is preferably used to determine the sub-carriers to be used for the ACK/NACK messages from the uplink sub-carriers. In another embodiment, the ACK/NACK messages are transmitted to the user devices on sub-carriers that are previously identified to the user devices, preferably by transmitting one or more index values to the user device in a control channel thereof.1-8. (canceled) 9. A user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a communication node, the user equipment comprising:
a receiver configured to:
receive control data comprising an allocation of at least one chunk;
receive a configuration of at least one resource to be used for an ACK/NACK channel;
a transmitter configured to transmit uplink data based on the at least one chunk; and a controller configured to determine at least one ACK/NACK channel resource based on:
1) a value based on an index of a chunk allocated for a corresponding uplink data transmission, 2) the configuration, and 3) a total number of chunks in a downlink bandwidth;
wherein the receiver is configured to receive at least one ACK/NACK, over an ACK/NACK channel based on the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource. 10. The user equipment according to claim 9, wherein the at least one chunk comprises at least one of a plurality of chunks that are numbered in a frequency domain. 11. The user equipment according to claim 9, wherein each of the at least one chunk corresponds to each of at least one resource block. 12. The user equipment according to claim 9, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is determined based on modulo arithmetic. 13. A communication method of a user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a communication node, the method comprising:
receiving control data comprising an allocation of at least one chunk; receiving a configuration of at least one resource to be used for an ACK/NACK channel; transmitting uplink data based on the at least one chunk; determining at least one ACK/NACK channel resource based on:
1) a value based on an index of a chunk allocated for a corresponding uplink data transmission, 2) the configuration, and 3) a total number of chunks in a downlink bandwidth; and
receiving at least one ACK/NACK, over an ACK/NACK channel based on the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the at least one chunk comprises at least one of a plurality of chunks that are numbered in a frequency domain. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein each of the at least one chunk corresponds to each of at least one resource block. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is determined based on modulo arithmetic. 17. A communication node configured to communicate with user equipment (UE), the communication node comprising:
a transmitter configured: to transmit control data comprising an allocation of at least one chunk; to transmit a configuration of at least one resource to be used for an ACK/NACK channel; and a receiver configured to receive uplink data based on the at least one chunk; wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit at least one ACK/NACK, over an ACK/NACK channel based on at least one ACK/NACK channel resource, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is based on:
1) a value based on an index of a chunk allocated for a corresponding uplink data transmission, 2) the configuration, and 3) a total number of chunks in a downlink bandwidth. 18. The communication node according to claim 17, wherein the at least one chunk comprises at least one of a plurality of chunks that are numbered in a frequency domain. 19. The communication node according to claim 17, wherein each of the at least one chunk corresponds to each of at least one resource block. 20. The communication node according to claim 17, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is based on modulo arithmetic. 21. A communication method of a communication node configured to communicate with user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
transmitting control data comprising an allocation of at least one chunk; transmitting a configuration of at least one resource to be used for an ACK/NACK channel; receiving uplink data based on the at least one chunk; and transmitting at least one ACK/NACK, over an ACK/NACK channel based on at least one ACK/NACK channel resource, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is based on:
1) a value based on an index of a chunk allocated for a corresponding uplink data transmission, 2) the configuration, and 3) a total number of chunks in a downlink bandwidth. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one chunk comprises at least one of a plurality of chunks that are numbered in a frequency domain. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein each of the at least one chunk corresponds to each of at least one resource block. 24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the at least one ACK/NACK channel resource is based on modulo arithmetic. | 3,700 |
345,740 | 16,804,097 | 3,791 | Boundary scan test data and a command to initiate a boundary scan test are received via a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART). Based on receiving the command, a boundary scan test mode is initiated at a memory sub-system controller. A boundary scan test vector based on the boundary scan test data is synchronously streamed to a boundary scan chain. Test result data output by the scan chain is provided to a UART host via the UART. | 1. A memory sub-system controller comprising:
a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART), the UART to receive, from a UART host, a command to initiate a boundary scan test and boundary scan test data; a processing device coupled to the UART, the processing device to perform operations comprising:
based on receiving the command, initiating a boundary scan test mode; and
synchronously streaming, to a scan chain comprising a plurality of scan cells, a boundary scan test vector based on the boundary scan test data received at the UART,
a multiplexer having an multiplexer input, a first multiplexer output and a second multiplexer output, the multiplexer input being connected to an output of the scan chain, the first multiplexer output being connected to a test data out (TDO) element of a JTAG interface, the second multiplexer output being connected to the UART, the second multiplexer output providing test result data to the UART, the test result data resulting from synchronously streaming the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain, the UART providing the test result data to the UART host. 2. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the synchronous streaming of the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain comprises performing an asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion of the boundary scan test vector. 3. The memory sub-system controller of claim 2, wherein performing the asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion of the boundary scan test vector comprises buffering the boundary scan test vector. 4. The memory sub-system controller of claim 3, wherein the memory sub-system controller comprises a buffer, wherein the buffering of the boundary scan test vector comprising adding a portion of the boundary scan test vector to the buffer during a first clock cycle and providing the portion of the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain during a second clock cycle. 5. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the initiating of the boundary scan test mode comprises:
providing a test mode select signal to a test mode select (TMS) pin of a Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) interface coupled to the scan chain. 6. The memory sub-system controller of claim 5, wherein streaming the boundary scan test vector to a scan chain comprises:
providing the scan test vector as input to a test data in (TDI) pin of the JTAG interface. 7. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein:
the boundary scan test data comprises a Boundary Scan Descriptive Language (BSDL) file; and the processing device generates the boundary scan test vector based on the BSDL file. 8. The memory sub-system controller of claim 7, wherein:
the boundary scan test data comprises the boundary scan test vector generated based on a BSDL file. 9. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the processing device causes the multiplexer to output the test result data at the second multiplexer output to a transmit channel of the UART. 10. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the UART provides, to the UART host, an indication of forthcoming test result data prior to providing the test result data to the UART host. 11. A method comprising:
receiving, via a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART), boundary scan test data and a command to initiate a boundary scan test from a UART host; based on receiving the command, initiating a boundary scan test mode at a memory sub-system controller; synchronously streaming, via a Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) interface, a boundary scan test vector to a scan chain based on the boundary scan test data received at a receiver of the UART; multiplexing, by a multiplexer, test result data output by the scan chain, the test result data being multiplexed such that the test result data is provided to a transmit channel of the UART, the test result data resulting from synchronously streaming the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain; and providing, via the UART, the test result data output by the scan chain to the UART host. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the synchronous streaming of the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain comprises performing an asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion of the boundary scan test vector. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion of the boundary scan test vector comprises buffering the boundary scan test vector. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the buffering of the boundary scan test vector comprises adding a portion of the boundary scan test vector to a buffer during a first clock cycle and providing the portion of the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain during a second clock cycle. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the initiating of the boundary scan test mode comprises:
providing a test mode select signal to a test mode select (TMS) pin of a the JTAG interface coupled to the scan chain 16. The method of claim 15, wherein streaming the boundary scan test vector comprises:
providing the scan test vector as input to a test data in (TDI) pin of the JTAG interface. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating the boundary scan test vector based on a BSDL file included in the boundary scan test data. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the boundary scan test data comprises the boundary scan test vector. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising providing, to the UART host, an indication of forthcoming test result data prior to providing the test result data to the UART host. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device, configure the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, via a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART), boundary scan test data and a command to initiate a boundary scan test from a UART host; initiating a boundary scan test mode at a memory sub-system controller based on receiving the command; synchronously providing, via a Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) interface, a boundary scan test vector to a scan chain based on the boundary scan test data received at a receiver of the UART; and multiplexing test result data output by the scan chain, the test result data being multiplexed such that the test result data is provided to a transmit channel of the UART, the test result data resulting from synchronously streaming the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain; and providing, via the UART, the test result data output by the scan chain to the UART host. | Boundary scan test data and a command to initiate a boundary scan test are received via a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART). Based on receiving the command, a boundary scan test mode is initiated at a memory sub-system controller. A boundary scan test vector based on the boundary scan test data is synchronously streamed to a boundary scan chain. Test result data output by the scan chain is provided to a UART host via the UART.1. A memory sub-system controller comprising:
a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART), the UART to receive, from a UART host, a command to initiate a boundary scan test and boundary scan test data; a processing device coupled to the UART, the processing device to perform operations comprising:
based on receiving the command, initiating a boundary scan test mode; and
synchronously streaming, to a scan chain comprising a plurality of scan cells, a boundary scan test vector based on the boundary scan test data received at the UART,
a multiplexer having an multiplexer input, a first multiplexer output and a second multiplexer output, the multiplexer input being connected to an output of the scan chain, the first multiplexer output being connected to a test data out (TDO) element of a JTAG interface, the second multiplexer output being connected to the UART, the second multiplexer output providing test result data to the UART, the test result data resulting from synchronously streaming the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain, the UART providing the test result data to the UART host. 2. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the synchronous streaming of the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain comprises performing an asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion of the boundary scan test vector. 3. The memory sub-system controller of claim 2, wherein performing the asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion of the boundary scan test vector comprises buffering the boundary scan test vector. 4. The memory sub-system controller of claim 3, wherein the memory sub-system controller comprises a buffer, wherein the buffering of the boundary scan test vector comprising adding a portion of the boundary scan test vector to the buffer during a first clock cycle and providing the portion of the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain during a second clock cycle. 5. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the initiating of the boundary scan test mode comprises:
providing a test mode select signal to a test mode select (TMS) pin of a Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) interface coupled to the scan chain. 6. The memory sub-system controller of claim 5, wherein streaming the boundary scan test vector to a scan chain comprises:
providing the scan test vector as input to a test data in (TDI) pin of the JTAG interface. 7. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein:
the boundary scan test data comprises a Boundary Scan Descriptive Language (BSDL) file; and the processing device generates the boundary scan test vector based on the BSDL file. 8. The memory sub-system controller of claim 7, wherein:
the boundary scan test data comprises the boundary scan test vector generated based on a BSDL file. 9. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the processing device causes the multiplexer to output the test result data at the second multiplexer output to a transmit channel of the UART. 10. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the UART provides, to the UART host, an indication of forthcoming test result data prior to providing the test result data to the UART host. 11. A method comprising:
receiving, via a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART), boundary scan test data and a command to initiate a boundary scan test from a UART host; based on receiving the command, initiating a boundary scan test mode at a memory sub-system controller; synchronously streaming, via a Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) interface, a boundary scan test vector to a scan chain based on the boundary scan test data received at a receiver of the UART; multiplexing, by a multiplexer, test result data output by the scan chain, the test result data being multiplexed such that the test result data is provided to a transmit channel of the UART, the test result data resulting from synchronously streaming the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain; and providing, via the UART, the test result data output by the scan chain to the UART host. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the synchronous streaming of the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain comprises performing an asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion of the boundary scan test vector. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion of the boundary scan test vector comprises buffering the boundary scan test vector. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the buffering of the boundary scan test vector comprises adding a portion of the boundary scan test vector to a buffer during a first clock cycle and providing the portion of the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain during a second clock cycle. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the initiating of the boundary scan test mode comprises:
providing a test mode select signal to a test mode select (TMS) pin of a the JTAG interface coupled to the scan chain 16. The method of claim 15, wherein streaming the boundary scan test vector comprises:
providing the scan test vector as input to a test data in (TDI) pin of the JTAG interface. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating the boundary scan test vector based on a BSDL file included in the boundary scan test data. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the boundary scan test data comprises the boundary scan test vector. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising providing, to the UART host, an indication of forthcoming test result data prior to providing the test result data to the UART host. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device, configure the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, via a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART), boundary scan test data and a command to initiate a boundary scan test from a UART host; initiating a boundary scan test mode at a memory sub-system controller based on receiving the command; synchronously providing, via a Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) interface, a boundary scan test vector to a scan chain based on the boundary scan test data received at a receiver of the UART; and multiplexing test result data output by the scan chain, the test result data being multiplexed such that the test result data is provided to a transmit channel of the UART, the test result data resulting from synchronously streaming the boundary scan test vector to the scan chain; and providing, via the UART, the test result data output by the scan chain to the UART host. | 3,700 |
345,741 | 16,804,132 | 3,791 | The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for personalized recommendation. The systems may perform the methods to detect an application executing on the user terminal. The systems may perform the methods to communicate with the application with respect to a service request sent by the user via the user terminal. The systems may perform the methods to obtain one or more current context-related features and one or more current-user-related features with respect to the user, and a plurality of candidate recommendation items. The systems may perform the methods to select a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features, using a trained recommendation model, and provide the target recommendation item to the application to generate a presentation, on a display of the user terminal of the user. | 1. A system, comprising:
at least one storage medium including a set of instructions for individualized recommendation; at least one network interface to communicate with a user terminal of a user; at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one network interface, the at least one processor being configured to:
detect an application executing on the user terminal, the application automatically communicating with a network service of the system over a network;
communicate with the application with respect to a service request sent by the user via the user terminal;
obtain one or more current context-related features and one or more current user-related features with respect to the user;
obtain a plurality of candidate recommendation items;
select, using a trained recommendation model, a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features; and
provide the target recommendation item to the application to generate a presentation on a display of the user terminal of the user, the presentation providing a user interface feature with which the user can interact. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein to select the target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items, the at least one processor is configured to:
for each candidate recommendation item, determine, using the trained recommendation model, a candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item based on the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features; determine a maximum candidate revenue of a plurality of candidate revenues corresponding to the plurality of candidate recommendation items by ranking the plurality of candidate revenues; and select the candidate recommendation item that corresponds to the maximum candidate revenue as the target recommendation item. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein for each candidate recommendation item, to determine, using the trained recommendation model, the candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item based on the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, the at least one processor is configured to:
determine one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item; determine a multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item at least based on the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, wherein the multi-dimensional vector includes a plurality of elements, and each element corresponds to one of the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features; and determine the candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item by inputting the determined multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item into the recommendation model. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein for each candidate recommendation item, to determine the multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item, the at least one processor is configured to:
obtain a multi-dimensional vector frame; and determine the multi-dimensional vector based on the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame, the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein to determine the multi-dimensional vector based on the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame, the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, the at least one processor is configured to:
for each of the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, determine a corresponding value; and determine the multi-dimensional vector by filling the determined values into the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the multi-dimensional vector is a binary vector including a plurality of binary elements. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained recommendation model is generated by at least one computing device according to a training process, and wherein to implement the training process, the at least one processor is configured to:
obtain a plurality of historical orders of the user; for each of the plurality of historical orders,
determine one or more sample context-related features associated with the historical order, one or more sample user-related features associated with the user, and one or more sample recommendation-item-related features associated with the historical order;
obtain a preliminary recommendation model; and obtain the trained recommendation model by inputting the sample context-related features of the plurality of historical orders, the sample user-related features of the plurality of historical orders, and the sample recommendation-item-related features of the plurality of historical orders into the preliminary recommendation model. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further directed to:
receive a revenue-by-click from the user terminal with regard to the target recommended item; and update the trained recommendation model based on the revenue-by-click. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the current context-related features of the service request comprises a destination of the service request, a current weather condition of the service request, or a service type of the service request. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained recommendation model is 11. A method, comprising:
detecting an application executing on a user terminal, the application automatically communicating with a network service of the system over a network; communicating with the application with respect to a service request sent by a user via the user terminal; obtaining one or more current context-related features and one or more current user-related features with respect to the user; obtaining a plurality of candidate recommendation items; selecting, using a trained recommendation model, a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features; and providing the target recommendation item to the application to generate a presentation on a display of the user terminal of the user, the presentation providing a user interface feature with which the user can interact. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the selecting a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features, using a trained recommendation model comprises:
for each candidate recommendation item, determining, using the trained recommendation model, a candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item based on the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features; determine a maximum candidate revenue of a plurality of candidate revenues corresponding to the plurality of candidate recommendation items by ranking the plurality of candidate revenues; and selecting the candidate recommendation item that corresponds to the maximum candidate revenue as the target recommendation item. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein for each candidate recommendation item, the determining, using the trained recommendation model, a candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item based on the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features comprises:
determining one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item; determining a multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item at least based on the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, wherein the multi-dimensional vector includes a plurality of elements, and each element corresponds to one of the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features; and determining the candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item by inputting the determined multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item into the recommendation model. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein for each candidate recommendation item, the determining of the multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item comprises:
obtaining a multi-dimensional vector frame; and determining the multi-dimensional vector based on the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame, the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining of the multi-dimensional vector based on the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame, the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, comprises:
for each of the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, determining a corresponding value; and determining the multi-dimensional vector by filling the determined values into the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the multi-dimensional vector is a binary vector including a plurality of binary elements. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the trained recommendation model is generated according to a training process, the training process including:
obtaining a plurality of historical orders of the user; for each of the plurality of historical orders,
determining one or more sample context-related features associated with the historical order, one or more sample user-related features associated with the user, and one or more sample recommendation-item-related features associated with the historical order;
obtaining a preliminary recommendation model; and obtaining the trained recommendation model by inputting the sample context-related features of the plurality of historical orders, the sample user-related features of the plurality of historical orders, and the sample recommendation-item-related features of the plurality of historical orders into the preliminary recommendation model. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a revenue-by-click from the user terminal with regard to the target recommended item; and updating the trained recommendation model based on the revenue-by-click. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the trained recommendation model is 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to effectuate a method comprising:
detecting an application executing on a user terminal, the application automatically communicating with a network service of the system over a network; communicating with the application with respect to a service request sent by a user via the user terminal; obtaining one or more current context-related features and one or more current user-related features with respect to the user; obtaining a plurality of candidate recommendation items; selecting, using a trained recommendation model, a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features; and providing the target recommendation item to the application to generate a presentation on a display of the user terminal of the user, the presentation providing a user interface feature with which the user can interact. 21-30. (canceled) | The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for personalized recommendation. The systems may perform the methods to detect an application executing on the user terminal. The systems may perform the methods to communicate with the application with respect to a service request sent by the user via the user terminal. The systems may perform the methods to obtain one or more current context-related features and one or more current-user-related features with respect to the user, and a plurality of candidate recommendation items. The systems may perform the methods to select a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features, using a trained recommendation model, and provide the target recommendation item to the application to generate a presentation, on a display of the user terminal of the user.1. A system, comprising:
at least one storage medium including a set of instructions for individualized recommendation; at least one network interface to communicate with a user terminal of a user; at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one network interface, the at least one processor being configured to:
detect an application executing on the user terminal, the application automatically communicating with a network service of the system over a network;
communicate with the application with respect to a service request sent by the user via the user terminal;
obtain one or more current context-related features and one or more current user-related features with respect to the user;
obtain a plurality of candidate recommendation items;
select, using a trained recommendation model, a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features; and
provide the target recommendation item to the application to generate a presentation on a display of the user terminal of the user, the presentation providing a user interface feature with which the user can interact. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein to select the target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items, the at least one processor is configured to:
for each candidate recommendation item, determine, using the trained recommendation model, a candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item based on the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features; determine a maximum candidate revenue of a plurality of candidate revenues corresponding to the plurality of candidate recommendation items by ranking the plurality of candidate revenues; and select the candidate recommendation item that corresponds to the maximum candidate revenue as the target recommendation item. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein for each candidate recommendation item, to determine, using the trained recommendation model, the candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item based on the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, the at least one processor is configured to:
determine one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item; determine a multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item at least based on the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, wherein the multi-dimensional vector includes a plurality of elements, and each element corresponds to one of the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features; and determine the candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item by inputting the determined multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item into the recommendation model. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein for each candidate recommendation item, to determine the multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item, the at least one processor is configured to:
obtain a multi-dimensional vector frame; and determine the multi-dimensional vector based on the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame, the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein to determine the multi-dimensional vector based on the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame, the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, the at least one processor is configured to:
for each of the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, determine a corresponding value; and determine the multi-dimensional vector by filling the determined values into the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the multi-dimensional vector is a binary vector including a plurality of binary elements. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained recommendation model is generated by at least one computing device according to a training process, and wherein to implement the training process, the at least one processor is configured to:
obtain a plurality of historical orders of the user; for each of the plurality of historical orders,
determine one or more sample context-related features associated with the historical order, one or more sample user-related features associated with the user, and one or more sample recommendation-item-related features associated with the historical order;
obtain a preliminary recommendation model; and obtain the trained recommendation model by inputting the sample context-related features of the plurality of historical orders, the sample user-related features of the plurality of historical orders, and the sample recommendation-item-related features of the plurality of historical orders into the preliminary recommendation model. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further directed to:
receive a revenue-by-click from the user terminal with regard to the target recommended item; and update the trained recommendation model based on the revenue-by-click. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the current context-related features of the service request comprises a destination of the service request, a current weather condition of the service request, or a service type of the service request. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained recommendation model is 11. A method, comprising:
detecting an application executing on a user terminal, the application automatically communicating with a network service of the system over a network; communicating with the application with respect to a service request sent by a user via the user terminal; obtaining one or more current context-related features and one or more current user-related features with respect to the user; obtaining a plurality of candidate recommendation items; selecting, using a trained recommendation model, a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features; and providing the target recommendation item to the application to generate a presentation on a display of the user terminal of the user, the presentation providing a user interface feature with which the user can interact. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the selecting a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features, using a trained recommendation model comprises:
for each candidate recommendation item, determining, using the trained recommendation model, a candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item based on the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features; determine a maximum candidate revenue of a plurality of candidate revenues corresponding to the plurality of candidate recommendation items by ranking the plurality of candidate revenues; and selecting the candidate recommendation item that corresponds to the maximum candidate revenue as the target recommendation item. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein for each candidate recommendation item, the determining, using the trained recommendation model, a candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item based on the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features comprises:
determining one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item; determining a multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item at least based on the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, wherein the multi-dimensional vector includes a plurality of elements, and each element corresponds to one of the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features; and determining the candidate revenue corresponding to the candidate recommendation item by inputting the determined multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item into the recommendation model. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein for each candidate recommendation item, the determining of the multi-dimensional vector corresponding to the candidate recommendation item comprises:
obtaining a multi-dimensional vector frame; and determining the multi-dimensional vector based on the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame, the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining of the multi-dimensional vector based on the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame, the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, comprises:
for each of the one or more recommendation-item-related features of the candidate recommendation item, the one or more current context-related features, and the one or more current user-related features, determining a corresponding value; and determining the multi-dimensional vector by filling the determined values into the obtained multi-dimensional vector frame. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the multi-dimensional vector is a binary vector including a plurality of binary elements. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the trained recommendation model is generated according to a training process, the training process including:
obtaining a plurality of historical orders of the user; for each of the plurality of historical orders,
determining one or more sample context-related features associated with the historical order, one or more sample user-related features associated with the user, and one or more sample recommendation-item-related features associated with the historical order;
obtaining a preliminary recommendation model; and obtaining the trained recommendation model by inputting the sample context-related features of the plurality of historical orders, the sample user-related features of the plurality of historical orders, and the sample recommendation-item-related features of the plurality of historical orders into the preliminary recommendation model. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a revenue-by-click from the user terminal with regard to the target recommended item; and updating the trained recommendation model based on the revenue-by-click. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the trained recommendation model is 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to effectuate a method comprising:
detecting an application executing on a user terminal, the application automatically communicating with a network service of the system over a network; communicating with the application with respect to a service request sent by a user via the user terminal; obtaining one or more current context-related features and one or more current user-related features with respect to the user; obtaining a plurality of candidate recommendation items; selecting, using a trained recommendation model, a target recommendation item from the plurality of candidate recommendation items based on the one or more current context-related features and the one or more current user-related features; and providing the target recommendation item to the application to generate a presentation on a display of the user terminal of the user, the presentation providing a user interface feature with which the user can interact. 21-30. (canceled) | 3,700 |
345,742 | 16,804,120 | 3,791 | A portable charger assembly operable to charge a battery system includes a housing defining a hollow space. The portable charger assembly also includes a charging module disposed within the hollow space of the housing. The charging module is adapted to provide power supply to the battery system. The portable charger assembly further includes a base adapted to be coupled with the housing. The base includes a base member including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion. Each of the second and third portions is inclined relative to the first portion. The base also includes a first base plate fixedly coupled to the second portion of the base member. The base further includes a second base plate fixedly coupled to the third portion of the base member. | 1. A portable charger assembly operable to charge a battery system, the portable charger assembly comprising:
a housing defining a hollow space; a charging module disposed within the hollow space of the housing, wherein the charging module is adapted to provide power supply to the battery system; and a base adapted to be coupled with the housing, the base comprising:
a base member including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, wherein each of the second and third portions is inclined relative to the first portion;
a first base plate fixedly coupled to the second portion of the base member; and
a second base plate fixedly coupled to the third portion of the base member. 2. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein a first width of the base is greater than a second width of the housing. 3. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the first base plate defines a first contact surface and a pair of second contact surfaces inclined relative to the first contact surface. 4. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the second base plate defines a third contact surface and a pair of fourth contact surfaces inclined relative to the third contact surface. 5. The portable charger assembly of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of vibration mounts adapted to removably couple the base with the housing. 6. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the second portion defines at least one first opening and the third portion defines at least one second opening, the at least one first opening and the at least one second opening being adapted to couple with a pulling device for transportation of the portable charger assembly. 7. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the base member defines a pair of first passages extending between the second portion and the third portion, the pair of first passages being adapted to couple with a transport vehicle for transportation of the portable charger assembly. 8. The portable charger assembly of claim 7, wherein the base member defines a pair of second passages disposed perpendicular to the pair of first passages, the pair of second passages being adapted to couple with the transport vehicle. 9. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the portable charger assembly is transportable by at least one of a trailer and a machine implement. 10. The portable charger assembly of claim 9, wherein the housing is adapted to be removably coupled to a frame of the trailer. 11. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a plurality of hooks disposed on an upper surface thereof. 12. The portable charger assembly of claim 11, wherein the plurality of hooks are adapted to couple with a lifting device operable to lift the portable charger assembly. 13. A skid associated with a portable charger assembly adapted to charge a battery system, the skid comprising:
a base member including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, wherein each of the second and third portions is inclined relative to the first portion; a first base plate fixedly coupled to the second portion of the base member; and a second base plate fixedly coupled to the third portion of the base member. 14. The skid of claim 13, wherein the skid is adapted to be coupled with a housing of the portable charger assembly, and wherein a first width of the skid is greater than a second width of the housing. 15. The skid of claim 13, wherein the first base plate defines a first contact surface and a pair of second contact surfaces inclined relative to the first contact surface. 16. The skid of claim 13, wherein the second base plate defines a third contact surface and a pair of fourth contact surfaces inclined relative to the third contact surface. 17. The skid of claim 13, wherein the second portion defines at least one first opening and the third portion defines at least one second opening, the at least one first opening and the at least one second opening being adapted to couple with a pulling device for transportation of the portable charger assembly. 18. The skid of claim 13, wherein the base member defines a pair of first passages extending between the second portion and the third portion, the pair of first passages being adapted to couple with a transport vehicle for transportation of the portable charger assembly. 19. The skid of claim 18, wherein the base member defines a pair of second passages disposed perpendicular to the pair of first passages, the pair of second passages being adapted to couple with the transport vehicle. 20. The skid of claim 13, wherein the portable charger assembly is transportable by at least one of a machine implement, a trailer, and a lifting device. | A portable charger assembly operable to charge a battery system includes a housing defining a hollow space. The portable charger assembly also includes a charging module disposed within the hollow space of the housing. The charging module is adapted to provide power supply to the battery system. The portable charger assembly further includes a base adapted to be coupled with the housing. The base includes a base member including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion. Each of the second and third portions is inclined relative to the first portion. The base also includes a first base plate fixedly coupled to the second portion of the base member. The base further includes a second base plate fixedly coupled to the third portion of the base member.1. A portable charger assembly operable to charge a battery system, the portable charger assembly comprising:
a housing defining a hollow space; a charging module disposed within the hollow space of the housing, wherein the charging module is adapted to provide power supply to the battery system; and a base adapted to be coupled with the housing, the base comprising:
a base member including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, wherein each of the second and third portions is inclined relative to the first portion;
a first base plate fixedly coupled to the second portion of the base member; and
a second base plate fixedly coupled to the third portion of the base member. 2. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein a first width of the base is greater than a second width of the housing. 3. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the first base plate defines a first contact surface and a pair of second contact surfaces inclined relative to the first contact surface. 4. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the second base plate defines a third contact surface and a pair of fourth contact surfaces inclined relative to the third contact surface. 5. The portable charger assembly of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of vibration mounts adapted to removably couple the base with the housing. 6. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the second portion defines at least one first opening and the third portion defines at least one second opening, the at least one first opening and the at least one second opening being adapted to couple with a pulling device for transportation of the portable charger assembly. 7. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the base member defines a pair of first passages extending between the second portion and the third portion, the pair of first passages being adapted to couple with a transport vehicle for transportation of the portable charger assembly. 8. The portable charger assembly of claim 7, wherein the base member defines a pair of second passages disposed perpendicular to the pair of first passages, the pair of second passages being adapted to couple with the transport vehicle. 9. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the portable charger assembly is transportable by at least one of a trailer and a machine implement. 10. The portable charger assembly of claim 9, wherein the housing is adapted to be removably coupled to a frame of the trailer. 11. The portable charger assembly of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a plurality of hooks disposed on an upper surface thereof. 12. The portable charger assembly of claim 11, wherein the plurality of hooks are adapted to couple with a lifting device operable to lift the portable charger assembly. 13. A skid associated with a portable charger assembly adapted to charge a battery system, the skid comprising:
a base member including a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, wherein each of the second and third portions is inclined relative to the first portion; a first base plate fixedly coupled to the second portion of the base member; and a second base plate fixedly coupled to the third portion of the base member. 14. The skid of claim 13, wherein the skid is adapted to be coupled with a housing of the portable charger assembly, and wherein a first width of the skid is greater than a second width of the housing. 15. The skid of claim 13, wherein the first base plate defines a first contact surface and a pair of second contact surfaces inclined relative to the first contact surface. 16. The skid of claim 13, wherein the second base plate defines a third contact surface and a pair of fourth contact surfaces inclined relative to the third contact surface. 17. The skid of claim 13, wherein the second portion defines at least one first opening and the third portion defines at least one second opening, the at least one first opening and the at least one second opening being adapted to couple with a pulling device for transportation of the portable charger assembly. 18. The skid of claim 13, wherein the base member defines a pair of first passages extending between the second portion and the third portion, the pair of first passages being adapted to couple with a transport vehicle for transportation of the portable charger assembly. 19. The skid of claim 18, wherein the base member defines a pair of second passages disposed perpendicular to the pair of first passages, the pair of second passages being adapted to couple with the transport vehicle. 20. The skid of claim 13, wherein the portable charger assembly is transportable by at least one of a machine implement, a trailer, and a lifting device. | 3,700 |
345,743 | 16,804,171 | 2,827 | A memory system is disclosed in the present disclosure. The memory system may include at least one first type of memory configured on at least one first rank and to operate at a first frequency, and at least one second type of memory configured on at least one second rank and to operate at a second frequency. The memory system may also include a physical block (PHY) configured to generate a first clock at the first frequency and a second clock at the second frequency. | 1. A memory system, comprising:
at least one first type of memory configured on at least one first rank and to operate at a first frequency; at least one second type of memory configured on at least one second rank and to operate at a second frequency; and a physical block (PHY), configured to generate a first clock at the first frequency and a second clock at the second frequency. 2. The memory system of claim 1, further comprising:
a data bus, an address bus, and a command bus, wherein at least one of the data bus, the address bus, or the command bus is shared between the first type of memory and the second type of memory. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein each of the first type of memory and the second type of memory is connected to a chip-enable (CE) pin, wherein
when the CE pin is selected by a host, the memory connected to the CE pin is accessible to the host. 4. The memory system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first memory controller, configured to control the at least one first type of memory; and a second memory controller, configured to control the at least one second type of memory, wherein the first memory controller and the second memory controller operate at a third frequency. 5. The memory system of claim 4, further comprising:
a multiplexer (MUX) connected to the first memory controller and the second memory controller, and configured to switch the accessible status of the first type of memory and the second type of memory, wherein
when one of the at least one first type of memory is selected by a host, the first memory controller is accessible to the host through the MUX; and
when one of the at least one second type of memory is selected by the host, the second memory controller is accessible to the host through the MUX. 6. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the PHY operates at a fourth frequency, the fourth frequency being a multiple of the third frequency. 7. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the second frequency is a fraction of the first frequency. 8. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the fourth frequency is a multiple of at least one of the first frequency or the second frequency. 9. The memory system of claim 8, wherein the PHY is configured to divide, based on the fourth frequency, an interface signal of the memory system into a plurality of successive phases. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of successive phases include at least one first phase and at least one second phase, wherein
one of the at least one first type of memory is accessible to a host in the at least one first phase at the first frequency; and one of the at least one second type of memory is accessible to the host in the at least one second phase at the second frequency. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving a selection of a memory in a memory system from a host, the memory system including at least one first type of memory configured to operate at a first frequency, and at least one second type of memory configured to operate at a second frequency; determining a type of the selected memory; determining a memory controller corresponding to the type of the selected memory; and establishing a communication between the host and the selected memory via the memory controller. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein establishing a communication between the host and the selected memory via the memory controller includes:
establishing a communication between the memory controller corresponding to the type of the selected memory and the host based on a multiplexer (MUX), wherein the MUX is configured to switch the accessible status of the first type of memory and the second type of memory. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the memory system further includes a physical block (PHY) configured to generate a first clock at the first frequency and a second clock at the second frequency. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein establishing a communication between the host and the selected memory via the memory controller includes:
changing a status of a chip-enable (CE) pin of the PHY, wherein the CE pin controls the accessibility to the selected memory. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the memory controller operates at a third frequency, and the PHY operates at a fourth frequency, wherein the fourth frequency is a multiple of the third frequency. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the fourth frequency is a multiple of at least one of the first frequency or the second frequency. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the PHY is configured to divide, based on the fourth frequency, an interface signal of the memory system into a plurality of successive phases. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the plurality of successive phases include at least one first phase and at least one second phase, wherein
one of the at least one first type of memory is accessible to the host in the at least one first phase at the first frequency; and one of the at least one second type of memory is accessible to the host in the at least one second phase at the second frequency. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the second frequency is a fraction of the first frequency. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the memory system includes a data bus, an address bus, and a command bus, wherein at least one of the data bus, the address bus, or the command bus is shared between the first type of memory and the second type of memory. | A memory system is disclosed in the present disclosure. The memory system may include at least one first type of memory configured on at least one first rank and to operate at a first frequency, and at least one second type of memory configured on at least one second rank and to operate at a second frequency. The memory system may also include a physical block (PHY) configured to generate a first clock at the first frequency and a second clock at the second frequency.1. A memory system, comprising:
at least one first type of memory configured on at least one first rank and to operate at a first frequency; at least one second type of memory configured on at least one second rank and to operate at a second frequency; and a physical block (PHY), configured to generate a first clock at the first frequency and a second clock at the second frequency. 2. The memory system of claim 1, further comprising:
a data bus, an address bus, and a command bus, wherein at least one of the data bus, the address bus, or the command bus is shared between the first type of memory and the second type of memory. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein each of the first type of memory and the second type of memory is connected to a chip-enable (CE) pin, wherein
when the CE pin is selected by a host, the memory connected to the CE pin is accessible to the host. 4. The memory system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first memory controller, configured to control the at least one first type of memory; and a second memory controller, configured to control the at least one second type of memory, wherein the first memory controller and the second memory controller operate at a third frequency. 5. The memory system of claim 4, further comprising:
a multiplexer (MUX) connected to the first memory controller and the second memory controller, and configured to switch the accessible status of the first type of memory and the second type of memory, wherein
when one of the at least one first type of memory is selected by a host, the first memory controller is accessible to the host through the MUX; and
when one of the at least one second type of memory is selected by the host, the second memory controller is accessible to the host through the MUX. 6. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the PHY operates at a fourth frequency, the fourth frequency being a multiple of the third frequency. 7. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the second frequency is a fraction of the first frequency. 8. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the fourth frequency is a multiple of at least one of the first frequency or the second frequency. 9. The memory system of claim 8, wherein the PHY is configured to divide, based on the fourth frequency, an interface signal of the memory system into a plurality of successive phases. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of successive phases include at least one first phase and at least one second phase, wherein
one of the at least one first type of memory is accessible to a host in the at least one first phase at the first frequency; and one of the at least one second type of memory is accessible to the host in the at least one second phase at the second frequency. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving a selection of a memory in a memory system from a host, the memory system including at least one first type of memory configured to operate at a first frequency, and at least one second type of memory configured to operate at a second frequency; determining a type of the selected memory; determining a memory controller corresponding to the type of the selected memory; and establishing a communication between the host and the selected memory via the memory controller. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein establishing a communication between the host and the selected memory via the memory controller includes:
establishing a communication between the memory controller corresponding to the type of the selected memory and the host based on a multiplexer (MUX), wherein the MUX is configured to switch the accessible status of the first type of memory and the second type of memory. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the memory system further includes a physical block (PHY) configured to generate a first clock at the first frequency and a second clock at the second frequency. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein establishing a communication between the host and the selected memory via the memory controller includes:
changing a status of a chip-enable (CE) pin of the PHY, wherein the CE pin controls the accessibility to the selected memory. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the memory controller operates at a third frequency, and the PHY operates at a fourth frequency, wherein the fourth frequency is a multiple of the third frequency. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the fourth frequency is a multiple of at least one of the first frequency or the second frequency. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the PHY is configured to divide, based on the fourth frequency, an interface signal of the memory system into a plurality of successive phases. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the plurality of successive phases include at least one first phase and at least one second phase, wherein
one of the at least one first type of memory is accessible to the host in the at least one first phase at the first frequency; and one of the at least one second type of memory is accessible to the host in the at least one second phase at the second frequency. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the second frequency is a fraction of the first frequency. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the memory system includes a data bus, an address bus, and a command bus, wherein at least one of the data bus, the address bus, or the command bus is shared between the first type of memory and the second type of memory. | 2,800 |
345,744 | 16,804,170 | 2,827 | Techniques are provided for maintaining timestamp parity during a transition replay phase to a synchronous state. During a transition logging phase where metadata operations executed by a primary node are logged into a metadata log and regions modified by data operations executed by the primary node are tracked within a dirty region log, a close stream operation to close a stream associated with a basefile of the primary node is identified. A determination is made as to whether the dirty region log comprises an entry for the stream indicating that a write data operation previously modified the stream. In an example, in response to the dirty region log comprising the entry, an indicator is set to specify that the stream was deleted by the close stream operation. In another example, a modify timestamp of the basefile is logged into the metadata log for subsequent replication to the secondary node. | 1. A method comprising:
during a transition logging phase where metadata operations executed by a primary node are logged into a metadata log and regions modified by data operations executed by the primary node are tracked within a dirty region log, identifying a close stream operation that closes and deletes a stream associated with a basefile of the primary node; in response to identifying the close stream operation, determining whether the dirty region log comprises an entry for the stream indicating that a write data operation modified the stream before the close stream operation; and in response to the dirty region log comprising the entry, setting an indicator to specify that the stream was deleted by the close stream operation. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing a transition replay phase where the metadata operations tracked within the metadata log are replayed to a secondary node and data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node to bring the primary node and secondary node from an asynchronous replication state to an in-sync state. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the metadata operations are replayed before the data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node. 4. The method of claim 2, comprising:
during a dirty region log scan phase of the transition replay phase where the data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node, failing a dirty region log scan at the primary node to cause a resynchronization to be restarted in response to encountering the indicator for the stream. 5. The method of claim 2, comprising:
performing a resynchronization to replicate a modify timestamp of the basefile from the primary node to a replicated basefile maintained by the secondary node as a replica of the basefile in response to encountering the indicator for the stream. 6. The method of claim 2, comprising:
performing a resynchronization in response to encountering the indicator for the stream, wherein the resynchronization performs one or more asynchronous transfers to replicate a modify timestamp and a change timestamp of a base inode associated with the basefile from the primary node to the secondary node. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the write data operation, executed at a first time by the primary node, sets a change timestamp and a modify timestamp of the basefile to the first time. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the close stream operation, executed at a second time subsequent the first time by the primary node, results in the change timestamp being set to the second time and the modify timestamp remaining at the first time. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the modify timestamp corresponds to a last modified time of the basefile. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the change timestamp corresponds to a time at which an inode of the basefile is modified. 11. The method of claim 1, comprising:
in response to the dirty region log comprising no entries corresponding to the stream, refraining from setting the indicator. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator comprises a flag indicating that the entry within the dirty region log is for an NT stream that was deleted. 13. A non-transitory machine readable medium comprising instructions for performing a method, which when executed by a machine, causes the machine to:
during a transition logging phase where metadata operations executed by a primary node are logged into a metadata log and regions modified by data operations executed by the primary node are tracked within a dirty region log, identify a close stream operation that closes and deletes a stream associated with a basefile of the primary node; and in response to identifying the close stream operation, log the close stream operation, a modify timestamp of the basefile, and a change timestamp of the basefile within the metadata log. 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions cause the machine to:
perform a transition replay phase where the metadata operations tracked within the metadata log are replayed to a secondary node and data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node to bring the primary node and secondary node from an asynchronous replication state to an in-sync state. 15. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions cause the machine to:
during a metadata log replay phase of the transition replay phase, replicate the modify timestamp of the basefile from the metadata log to the secondary node to apply to a replicated basefile maintained as a replica of the basefile. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions cause the machine to:
during a metadata log replay phase of the transition replay phase, replicate the change timestamp of the basefile from the metadata log to the secondary node to apply to a replicated basefile maintained as a replica of the basefile. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions cause the machine to:
triggering the logging of the modify timestamp and the change timestamp based upon a determination that the close stream operation caused deletion of an NT stream of the basefile. 18. A computing device comprising:
a memory comprising machine executable code for performing a method; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to execute the machine executable code to cause the processor to:
perform a transition replay phase where metadata operations executed by a primary node and tracked within a metadata log are replayed to a secondary node and data of regions modified by data operations executed by the primary node and tracked within a dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node to bring the primary node and secondary node from an asynchronous replication state to an in-sync state;
during a dirty region log scan phase of the transition replay phase where the data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated, failing a dirty region log scan to cause a resynchronization in response to encountering an indicator that a stream associated with a basefile of the primary node was deleted by a close stream operation; and
during the resynchronization, perform an asynchronous transfer to replicate a modify timestamp and a change timestamp of a base inode associated with the basefile from the primary node to the secondary node. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the metadata operations are replayed before the data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node. 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the modify timestamp corresponds to a last modified time of the basefile. | Techniques are provided for maintaining timestamp parity during a transition replay phase to a synchronous state. During a transition logging phase where metadata operations executed by a primary node are logged into a metadata log and regions modified by data operations executed by the primary node are tracked within a dirty region log, a close stream operation to close a stream associated with a basefile of the primary node is identified. A determination is made as to whether the dirty region log comprises an entry for the stream indicating that a write data operation previously modified the stream. In an example, in response to the dirty region log comprising the entry, an indicator is set to specify that the stream was deleted by the close stream operation. In another example, a modify timestamp of the basefile is logged into the metadata log for subsequent replication to the secondary node.1. A method comprising:
during a transition logging phase where metadata operations executed by a primary node are logged into a metadata log and regions modified by data operations executed by the primary node are tracked within a dirty region log, identifying a close stream operation that closes and deletes a stream associated with a basefile of the primary node; in response to identifying the close stream operation, determining whether the dirty region log comprises an entry for the stream indicating that a write data operation modified the stream before the close stream operation; and in response to the dirty region log comprising the entry, setting an indicator to specify that the stream was deleted by the close stream operation. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing a transition replay phase where the metadata operations tracked within the metadata log are replayed to a secondary node and data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node to bring the primary node and secondary node from an asynchronous replication state to an in-sync state. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the metadata operations are replayed before the data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node. 4. The method of claim 2, comprising:
during a dirty region log scan phase of the transition replay phase where the data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node, failing a dirty region log scan at the primary node to cause a resynchronization to be restarted in response to encountering the indicator for the stream. 5. The method of claim 2, comprising:
performing a resynchronization to replicate a modify timestamp of the basefile from the primary node to a replicated basefile maintained by the secondary node as a replica of the basefile in response to encountering the indicator for the stream. 6. The method of claim 2, comprising:
performing a resynchronization in response to encountering the indicator for the stream, wherein the resynchronization performs one or more asynchronous transfers to replicate a modify timestamp and a change timestamp of a base inode associated with the basefile from the primary node to the secondary node. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the write data operation, executed at a first time by the primary node, sets a change timestamp and a modify timestamp of the basefile to the first time. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the close stream operation, executed at a second time subsequent the first time by the primary node, results in the change timestamp being set to the second time and the modify timestamp remaining at the first time. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the modify timestamp corresponds to a last modified time of the basefile. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the change timestamp corresponds to a time at which an inode of the basefile is modified. 11. The method of claim 1, comprising:
in response to the dirty region log comprising no entries corresponding to the stream, refraining from setting the indicator. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator comprises a flag indicating that the entry within the dirty region log is for an NT stream that was deleted. 13. A non-transitory machine readable medium comprising instructions for performing a method, which when executed by a machine, causes the machine to:
during a transition logging phase where metadata operations executed by a primary node are logged into a metadata log and regions modified by data operations executed by the primary node are tracked within a dirty region log, identify a close stream operation that closes and deletes a stream associated with a basefile of the primary node; and in response to identifying the close stream operation, log the close stream operation, a modify timestamp of the basefile, and a change timestamp of the basefile within the metadata log. 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions cause the machine to:
perform a transition replay phase where the metadata operations tracked within the metadata log are replayed to a secondary node and data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node to bring the primary node and secondary node from an asynchronous replication state to an in-sync state. 15. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions cause the machine to:
during a metadata log replay phase of the transition replay phase, replicate the modify timestamp of the basefile from the metadata log to the secondary node to apply to a replicated basefile maintained as a replica of the basefile. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions cause the machine to:
during a metadata log replay phase of the transition replay phase, replicate the change timestamp of the basefile from the metadata log to the secondary node to apply to a replicated basefile maintained as a replica of the basefile. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions cause the machine to:
triggering the logging of the modify timestamp and the change timestamp based upon a determination that the close stream operation caused deletion of an NT stream of the basefile. 18. A computing device comprising:
a memory comprising machine executable code for performing a method; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to execute the machine executable code to cause the processor to:
perform a transition replay phase where metadata operations executed by a primary node and tracked within a metadata log are replayed to a secondary node and data of regions modified by data operations executed by the primary node and tracked within a dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node to bring the primary node and secondary node from an asynchronous replication state to an in-sync state;
during a dirty region log scan phase of the transition replay phase where the data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated, failing a dirty region log scan to cause a resynchronization in response to encountering an indicator that a stream associated with a basefile of the primary node was deleted by a close stream operation; and
during the resynchronization, perform an asynchronous transfer to replicate a modify timestamp and a change timestamp of a base inode associated with the basefile from the primary node to the secondary node. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the metadata operations are replayed before the data of the regions tracked within the dirty region log are replicated to the secondary node. 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the modify timestamp corresponds to a last modified time of the basefile. | 2,800 |
345,745 | 16,804,167 | 1,793 | The disclosure discloses a production method of marbled beef, and belongs to the field of food processing. The processing steps of the method are: freezing, thawing of beef, preparation of a gel emulsion, injection, wrap shaping, quick freezing, cutting and packaging, and hot dipping. The preparation method of the process of the disclosure can realize high-efficiency and standardized industrial production. By injecting beef with the formulated gel emulsion, the fat content and high-quality protein content of the beef can be increased, thereby improving the sensory properties and flavor of the beef, and producing high-quality beef. The gel emulsion for preparing marbled beef of the disclosure is liquid and is low in viscosity when the temperature is higher than 40° C., and therefore the gel emulsion is convenient for injection into beef, and can be uniformly dispersed in beef to form a delicate marble pattern. When the temperature is lower than 20° C., the gel emulsion forms a solid in beef tissue. The beef prepared according to the method of the disclosure shows a white fat pattern at low temperature (0-25° C.), and is closer to natural marbled beef in appearance and structure. | 1. Base oil for producing marbled beef, comprising the following components per 100 kg: 10-45 kg of purified beef fat, 0.5-4.5 kg of whey protein isolate, 0-2 kg of purified table salt, 0.5-3 kg of saccharide, 0.4-1.5 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-5 kg of edible gelatin, and 39-85 kg of water. 2. The base oil according to claim 1, wherein the saccharide is monosaccharide or disaccharide. 3. The base oil according to claim 1, wherein 100 kg of the base oil comprises: 30 kg of purified beef fat, 3 kg of whey protein isolate, 0.8775 kg of purified table salt, 1 kg of saccharide, 0.8 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate, 3 kg of edible gelatin, and 61.3225 kg of drinking water. 4. The base oil according to claim 1, wherein the saccharide is glucose. 5. A preparation method of the base oil according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
1) taking and melting 10-45 kg of purified beef fat at 70-80° C. for later use; 2) preparing a protein solution: weighing 0.5-4.5 kg of whey protein isolate, 0-2 kg of purified table salt, 0.5-3 kg of saccharide, 0.4-1.5 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate, and 26-57 kg of water, dissolving the components at room temperature for 1-3 h, heating the solution to 70-75° C., thermally insulating the solution for 30-40 min, and then cooling the solution to 50-60° C. for later use; 3) preparing a gelatin solution: soaking 2-5 kg of edible gelatin in 13-28 kg of water for 1-3 h, heating the solution to 70-75° C., maintaining the temperature for 30-40 min, and then cooling the solution to 50-60° C. for later use; and 4) adding 10-45 kg of melted purified beef fat to the protein solution at 55-60° C., sufficiently stirring the mixture, then homogenizing the mixture 1-3 times at a pressure of 100-300 bar to prepare an emulsion, mixing the prepared emulsion with the gelatin solution, and sufficiently stirring the mixture to obtain the base oil. 6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein high-speed shearing is performed before the homogenizing. 7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the high-speed shearing is performed at a speed of 4000-8000 rpm for 10-30 min. 8. A method of using the base oil according to claim 1 for preparing marbled beef, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting beef with a fat content of less than 3%, thawing the beef at 0-10° C., and cutting off large connective tissue for later use; (2) injecting the beef with the base oil; and (3) performing wrap shaping, quick-freezing, cutting and packaging, and hot dipping to obtain the marbled beef. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method specifically further comprises the following steps:
preparation of the base oil: wherein 100 kg of the base oil comprises 10-45 kg of purified beef fat, 0.5-4.5 kg of whey protein isolate, 0-2 kg of purified table salt, 0.5-3 kg of saccharide, 0.4-1.5 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-5 kg of edible gelatin, and 39-85 kg of water; injection: injecting the beef with the base oil by using a high-pressure injection machine according to an injection amount of 15%-32% of the beef by mass; wrap shaping: packing the beef injected with the base oil into a wrap shaping bag for performing wrap shaping; quick-freezing: quickly freezing the wrap shaped beef at −30° C. or below; cutting and packaging: cutting and packaging the quick-frozen beef according to product requirements; and hot dipping: soaking the packaged marbled beef together with the package in hot water at 40-60° C. for 1-2 seconds, and then storing the marbled beef at −18° C. or below. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein a processing workshop of the marbled beef is maintained at 0-7° C. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the beef is beef ribeye and sirloin beef. 12. Marbled beef prepared by the method according to claim 8. | The disclosure discloses a production method of marbled beef, and belongs to the field of food processing. The processing steps of the method are: freezing, thawing of beef, preparation of a gel emulsion, injection, wrap shaping, quick freezing, cutting and packaging, and hot dipping. The preparation method of the process of the disclosure can realize high-efficiency and standardized industrial production. By injecting beef with the formulated gel emulsion, the fat content and high-quality protein content of the beef can be increased, thereby improving the sensory properties and flavor of the beef, and producing high-quality beef. The gel emulsion for preparing marbled beef of the disclosure is liquid and is low in viscosity when the temperature is higher than 40° C., and therefore the gel emulsion is convenient for injection into beef, and can be uniformly dispersed in beef to form a delicate marble pattern. When the temperature is lower than 20° C., the gel emulsion forms a solid in beef tissue. The beef prepared according to the method of the disclosure shows a white fat pattern at low temperature (0-25° C.), and is closer to natural marbled beef in appearance and structure.1. Base oil for producing marbled beef, comprising the following components per 100 kg: 10-45 kg of purified beef fat, 0.5-4.5 kg of whey protein isolate, 0-2 kg of purified table salt, 0.5-3 kg of saccharide, 0.4-1.5 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-5 kg of edible gelatin, and 39-85 kg of water. 2. The base oil according to claim 1, wherein the saccharide is monosaccharide or disaccharide. 3. The base oil according to claim 1, wherein 100 kg of the base oil comprises: 30 kg of purified beef fat, 3 kg of whey protein isolate, 0.8775 kg of purified table salt, 1 kg of saccharide, 0.8 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate, 3 kg of edible gelatin, and 61.3225 kg of drinking water. 4. The base oil according to claim 1, wherein the saccharide is glucose. 5. A preparation method of the base oil according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
1) taking and melting 10-45 kg of purified beef fat at 70-80° C. for later use; 2) preparing a protein solution: weighing 0.5-4.5 kg of whey protein isolate, 0-2 kg of purified table salt, 0.5-3 kg of saccharide, 0.4-1.5 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate, and 26-57 kg of water, dissolving the components at room temperature for 1-3 h, heating the solution to 70-75° C., thermally insulating the solution for 30-40 min, and then cooling the solution to 50-60° C. for later use; 3) preparing a gelatin solution: soaking 2-5 kg of edible gelatin in 13-28 kg of water for 1-3 h, heating the solution to 70-75° C., maintaining the temperature for 30-40 min, and then cooling the solution to 50-60° C. for later use; and 4) adding 10-45 kg of melted purified beef fat to the protein solution at 55-60° C., sufficiently stirring the mixture, then homogenizing the mixture 1-3 times at a pressure of 100-300 bar to prepare an emulsion, mixing the prepared emulsion with the gelatin solution, and sufficiently stirring the mixture to obtain the base oil. 6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein high-speed shearing is performed before the homogenizing. 7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the high-speed shearing is performed at a speed of 4000-8000 rpm for 10-30 min. 8. A method of using the base oil according to claim 1 for preparing marbled beef, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting beef with a fat content of less than 3%, thawing the beef at 0-10° C., and cutting off large connective tissue for later use; (2) injecting the beef with the base oil; and (3) performing wrap shaping, quick-freezing, cutting and packaging, and hot dipping to obtain the marbled beef. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method specifically further comprises the following steps:
preparation of the base oil: wherein 100 kg of the base oil comprises 10-45 kg of purified beef fat, 0.5-4.5 kg of whey protein isolate, 0-2 kg of purified table salt, 0.5-3 kg of saccharide, 0.4-1.5 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-5 kg of edible gelatin, and 39-85 kg of water; injection: injecting the beef with the base oil by using a high-pressure injection machine according to an injection amount of 15%-32% of the beef by mass; wrap shaping: packing the beef injected with the base oil into a wrap shaping bag for performing wrap shaping; quick-freezing: quickly freezing the wrap shaped beef at −30° C. or below; cutting and packaging: cutting and packaging the quick-frozen beef according to product requirements; and hot dipping: soaking the packaged marbled beef together with the package in hot water at 40-60° C. for 1-2 seconds, and then storing the marbled beef at −18° C. or below. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein a processing workshop of the marbled beef is maintained at 0-7° C. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the beef is beef ribeye and sirloin beef. 12. Marbled beef prepared by the method according to claim 8. | 1,700 |
345,746 | 16,804,184 | 1,793 | An assembly includes a base member having a fiducial marker, a vehicle component having a housing mounted to the base member, and an image sensor fixed to the housing and aimed at the fiducial marker. A method includes mounting the vehicle component to the base member of a vehicle, capturing a baseline image of the fiducial marker, capturing a subsequent image of the fiducial marker, comparing the subsequent image to the baseline image, and adjusting operation of the vehicle component in response to the identification of differences between the baseline image and the subsequent image. | 1. An assembly comprising:
a base member having a fiducial marker; a vehicle component having a housing mounted to the base member, the vehicle component having an operational device in the housing; an image sensor fixed to the housing and aimed at the fiducial marker. 2. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the vehicle component is fastened directly to the base member with fasteners. 3. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the operational device is adjustable relative to the housing. 4. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a computer having a processor and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
capture a baseline image of the fiducial marker with the image sensor; capture a subsequent image of the fiducial marker with the image sensor; compare the subsequent image to the baseline image to determine if differences exist between the subsequent image and the baseline image resulting from movement of the vehicle component relative to the base member; and adjust operation of the vehicle component if differences are identified between the baseline image and the subsequent image indicating movement of the vehicle component relative to the base member. 5. The assembly as set forth in claim 4, wherein the vehicle component is a lidar sensor including a lidar light source and a lidar light detector, wherein adjusting operation of the vehicle component includes adjusting the aim of the lidar light source and/or the lidar light detector. 6. The assembly as set forth in claim 5, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to calibrate the aim of the lidar light source and/or the lidar light detector of the lidar sensor before capturing the baseline image. 7. The assembly as set forth in claim 4, wherein the memory stores instructions to calibrate the vehicle component before capturing the baseline image. 8. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the vehicle component is a lidar sensor and the operational device is a lidar light source and a lidar light detector. 9. The assembly as set forth in claim 8, wherein the image sensor includes photodetectors and a light source each aimed at the fiducial marker. 10. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the image sensor includes photodetectors and a light source each aimed at the fiducial marker. 11. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the base member includes a second fiducial marker spaced from the fiducial marker, and further comprising a second image sensor aimed at the second fiducial marker. 12. The assembly as set forth in claim 11, wherein the fiducial marker and the second fiducial marker are in orthogonal planes. 13. A method comprising:
mounting a vehicle component to a base member of a vehicle; capturing a baseline image of a fiducial marker on the base member with an image sensor of the vehicle component; capturing a subsequent image of the fiducial marker with the image sensor; comparing the subsequent image to the baseline image and identifying differences between the subsequent image and the baseline image resulting from movement of the vehicle component relative to the base member; and adjusting operation of the vehicle component in response to the identification of differences between the baseline image and the subsequent image. 14. The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the vehicle component is a lidar sensor and adjusting the operation of the vehicle component includes adjusting the aim of a lidar light source of the lidar sensor. 15. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein adjusting the operation of the vehicle component includes adjusting the aim of a lidar light detector of the lidar sensor. 16. The method as set forth in claim 15, further comprising calibrating the aim of the lidar light source and/or the lidar light sensor of the lidar sensor before capturing the baseline image. 17. The method as set forth in claim 13, further comprising calibrating the vehicle component after mounting the vehicle component to the base member and before capturing the baseline image. 18. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein mounting the vehicle component to the base member includes fastening a housing of the vehicle component directly to the bae member with a fastener. | An assembly includes a base member having a fiducial marker, a vehicle component having a housing mounted to the base member, and an image sensor fixed to the housing and aimed at the fiducial marker. A method includes mounting the vehicle component to the base member of a vehicle, capturing a baseline image of the fiducial marker, capturing a subsequent image of the fiducial marker, comparing the subsequent image to the baseline image, and adjusting operation of the vehicle component in response to the identification of differences between the baseline image and the subsequent image.1. An assembly comprising:
a base member having a fiducial marker; a vehicle component having a housing mounted to the base member, the vehicle component having an operational device in the housing; an image sensor fixed to the housing and aimed at the fiducial marker. 2. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the vehicle component is fastened directly to the base member with fasteners. 3. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the operational device is adjustable relative to the housing. 4. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a computer having a processor and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
capture a baseline image of the fiducial marker with the image sensor; capture a subsequent image of the fiducial marker with the image sensor; compare the subsequent image to the baseline image to determine if differences exist between the subsequent image and the baseline image resulting from movement of the vehicle component relative to the base member; and adjust operation of the vehicle component if differences are identified between the baseline image and the subsequent image indicating movement of the vehicle component relative to the base member. 5. The assembly as set forth in claim 4, wherein the vehicle component is a lidar sensor including a lidar light source and a lidar light detector, wherein adjusting operation of the vehicle component includes adjusting the aim of the lidar light source and/or the lidar light detector. 6. The assembly as set forth in claim 5, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to calibrate the aim of the lidar light source and/or the lidar light detector of the lidar sensor before capturing the baseline image. 7. The assembly as set forth in claim 4, wherein the memory stores instructions to calibrate the vehicle component before capturing the baseline image. 8. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the vehicle component is a lidar sensor and the operational device is a lidar light source and a lidar light detector. 9. The assembly as set forth in claim 8, wherein the image sensor includes photodetectors and a light source each aimed at the fiducial marker. 10. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the image sensor includes photodetectors and a light source each aimed at the fiducial marker. 11. The assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the base member includes a second fiducial marker spaced from the fiducial marker, and further comprising a second image sensor aimed at the second fiducial marker. 12. The assembly as set forth in claim 11, wherein the fiducial marker and the second fiducial marker are in orthogonal planes. 13. A method comprising:
mounting a vehicle component to a base member of a vehicle; capturing a baseline image of a fiducial marker on the base member with an image sensor of the vehicle component; capturing a subsequent image of the fiducial marker with the image sensor; comparing the subsequent image to the baseline image and identifying differences between the subsequent image and the baseline image resulting from movement of the vehicle component relative to the base member; and adjusting operation of the vehicle component in response to the identification of differences between the baseline image and the subsequent image. 14. The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the vehicle component is a lidar sensor and adjusting the operation of the vehicle component includes adjusting the aim of a lidar light source of the lidar sensor. 15. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein adjusting the operation of the vehicle component includes adjusting the aim of a lidar light detector of the lidar sensor. 16. The method as set forth in claim 15, further comprising calibrating the aim of the lidar light source and/or the lidar light sensor of the lidar sensor before capturing the baseline image. 17. The method as set forth in claim 13, further comprising calibrating the vehicle component after mounting the vehicle component to the base member and before capturing the baseline image. 18. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein mounting the vehicle component to the base member includes fastening a housing of the vehicle component directly to the bae member with a fastener. | 1,700 |
345,747 | 16,804,147 | 1,793 | A method includes identifying a first distributed conversion and control assembly (DCCA) in a central electronics complex (CEC) of a computer system, the CEC containing the first DCCA and a second DCCA, each of the first DCCA and the second DCCA having a flexible service processor (FSP); determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions for concurrent replacement of the first DCCA; disabling control software for a thermal and power management device (TPMD) of the first DCCA; fencing off the first DCCA; depowering the first DCCA; receiving a new media access control (MAC) address of a replacement DCCA; reconfiguring an operating system of the CEC to recognize the new MAC address of the replacement DCCA; powering on the replacement DCCA; removing the fencing off of the first DCCA; and resetting an FSP of the replacement DCCA. | 1. A method, comprising:
identifying, by a computing device, a first distributed conversion and control assembly (DCCA) in a central electronics complex (CEC) of a computer system, the CEC containing the first DCCA and a second DCCA, each of the first DCCA and the second DCCA having a flexible service processor (FSP); determining, by the computing device, that the computer system satisfies preconditions for concurrent replacement of the first DCCA; disabling, by the computing device, control software for a thermal and power management device (TPMD) of the first DCCA; fencing off, by the computing device, the first DCCA; depowering, by the computing device, the first DCCA; receiving, by the computing device, a new media access control (MAC) address of a replacement DCCA; reconfiguring, by the computing device, an operating system of the CEC to recognize the new MAC address of the replacement DCCA; powering on, by the computing device, the replacement DCCA; removing, by the computing device, the fencing off of the first DCCA; and resetting, by the computing device, an FSP of the replacement DCCA. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising instructing, by the computing device, the FSP of the second DCCA to assume control of the CEC as a result of the FSP of the first DCCA being a primary FSP of the CEC. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising moving, by the computing device, an oscillator to the second DCCA as a result of the oscillator running on the FSP of the first DCCA. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising moving, by the computing device, a time of day (TOD) clock to the second DCCA as a result of the TOD running on the FSP of the first DCCA. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising starting, by the computing device, an oscillator on the replacement DCCA. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising enabling, by the computing device, the control software for the TPMD of the first DCCA on a TPMD of the replacement DCCA. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the resetting of the FSP of the replacement DCCA comprises waiting for the FSP of the replacement DCCA to reach a hypervisor runtime state. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions comprises:
determining, by the computing device, that the CEC is operating; determining, by the computing device, that the second DCCA is capable of providing sufficient power to power the CEC; determining, by the computing device, that the FSP of the second DCCA is operating properly; determining, by the computing device, that the oscillator and TOD clock are in a proper operating state and are capable of running on both the first DCCA and the second DCCA; and determining, by the computing device, that the computer system will not prevent the replacement of the first DCCA. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising issuing, by the computing device, a warning that replacement of either the replacement DCCA or the second DCCA is not possible as a result of oscillator redundancy not being restored in the CEC. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions comprises:
determining, by the computing device, that the CEC is operating; determining, by the computing device, that the second DCCA is capable of providing sufficient power to power the CEC; determining, by the computing device, that the FSP of the second DCCA is operating properly; determining, by the computing device, that an oscillator and a time of day (TOD) clock are in a proper operating state and are capable of running on both the first DCCA and the second DCCA; and determining, by the computing device, that the computer system will not prevent the replacement of the first DCCA. 11. A computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media having program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable to:
identify a first distributed conversion and control assembly (DCCA) in a central electronics complex (CEC) of a computer system, the CEC containing the first DCCA and a second DCCA, each of the first DCCA and the second DCCA having a flexible service processor (FSP); determine that the computer system satisfies preconditions for concurrent replacement of the first DCCA; move an oscillator to the second DCCA as a result of the oscillator running on the FSP of the first DCCA; depower the first DCCA; receive a new media access control (MAC) address of a replacement DCCA; reconfigure an operating system of the CEC to recognize the new MAC address of the replacement DCCA; power on the replacement DCCA; and reset an FSP of the replacement DCCA. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the program instructions are further executable to disable control software for a thermal and power management device (TPMD) of the first DCCA. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the program instructions are further executable to:
fence off the first DCCA; and remove the fencing off of the first DCCA. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions comprises:
determining that the CEC is operating; determining that the second DCCA is capable of providing sufficient power to power the CEC; and determining that the FSP of the second DCCA is operating properly. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions further comprises:
determining that an oscillator and a time of day (TOD) clock are in a proper operating state and are capable of running on both the first DCCA and the second DCCA; and determining that the computer system will not prevent the replacement of the first DCCA. 16. The computer program product of claim 11, the resetting of the FSP of the replacement DCCA comprises waiting for the FSP of the replacement DCCA to reach a hypervisor runtime state. 17. A system comprising:
a processor, a computer readable memory, one or more computer readable storage media, and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable to: identify a first distributed conversion and control assembly (DCCA) in a central electronics complex (CEC) of a computer system, the CEC containing the first DCCA and a second DCCA, each of the first DCCA and the second DCCA having a flexible service processor (FSP); determine that the CEC is operating; determine that the second DCCA is capable of providing sufficient power to power the CEC; determine that an oscillator and a time of day (TOD) clock are in a proper operating state and are capable of running on both the first DCCA and the second DCCA; determine that the computer system will not prevent the replacement of the first DCCA; disable control software for a thermal and power management device (TPMD) of the first DCCA; fence off the first DCCA; depower the first DCCA; receive a new media access control (MAC) address of a replacement DCCA; and reconfigure an operating system of the CEC to recognize the new MAC address of the replacement DCCA. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are further executable to determine that the FSP of the second DCCA is operating properly. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are further executable to:
power on the replacement DCCA; remove the fencing off of the first DCCA; and reset an FSP of the replacement DCCA. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the program instructions are further executable to instruct the FSP of the second DCCA to assume control of the CEC as a result of the FSP of the first DCCA being a primary FSP of the CEC. | A method includes identifying a first distributed conversion and control assembly (DCCA) in a central electronics complex (CEC) of a computer system, the CEC containing the first DCCA and a second DCCA, each of the first DCCA and the second DCCA having a flexible service processor (FSP); determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions for concurrent replacement of the first DCCA; disabling control software for a thermal and power management device (TPMD) of the first DCCA; fencing off the first DCCA; depowering the first DCCA; receiving a new media access control (MAC) address of a replacement DCCA; reconfiguring an operating system of the CEC to recognize the new MAC address of the replacement DCCA; powering on the replacement DCCA; removing the fencing off of the first DCCA; and resetting an FSP of the replacement DCCA.1. A method, comprising:
identifying, by a computing device, a first distributed conversion and control assembly (DCCA) in a central electronics complex (CEC) of a computer system, the CEC containing the first DCCA and a second DCCA, each of the first DCCA and the second DCCA having a flexible service processor (FSP); determining, by the computing device, that the computer system satisfies preconditions for concurrent replacement of the first DCCA; disabling, by the computing device, control software for a thermal and power management device (TPMD) of the first DCCA; fencing off, by the computing device, the first DCCA; depowering, by the computing device, the first DCCA; receiving, by the computing device, a new media access control (MAC) address of a replacement DCCA; reconfiguring, by the computing device, an operating system of the CEC to recognize the new MAC address of the replacement DCCA; powering on, by the computing device, the replacement DCCA; removing, by the computing device, the fencing off of the first DCCA; and resetting, by the computing device, an FSP of the replacement DCCA. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising instructing, by the computing device, the FSP of the second DCCA to assume control of the CEC as a result of the FSP of the first DCCA being a primary FSP of the CEC. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising moving, by the computing device, an oscillator to the second DCCA as a result of the oscillator running on the FSP of the first DCCA. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising moving, by the computing device, a time of day (TOD) clock to the second DCCA as a result of the TOD running on the FSP of the first DCCA. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising starting, by the computing device, an oscillator on the replacement DCCA. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising enabling, by the computing device, the control software for the TPMD of the first DCCA on a TPMD of the replacement DCCA. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the resetting of the FSP of the replacement DCCA comprises waiting for the FSP of the replacement DCCA to reach a hypervisor runtime state. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions comprises:
determining, by the computing device, that the CEC is operating; determining, by the computing device, that the second DCCA is capable of providing sufficient power to power the CEC; determining, by the computing device, that the FSP of the second DCCA is operating properly; determining, by the computing device, that the oscillator and TOD clock are in a proper operating state and are capable of running on both the first DCCA and the second DCCA; and determining, by the computing device, that the computer system will not prevent the replacement of the first DCCA. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising issuing, by the computing device, a warning that replacement of either the replacement DCCA or the second DCCA is not possible as a result of oscillator redundancy not being restored in the CEC. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions comprises:
determining, by the computing device, that the CEC is operating; determining, by the computing device, that the second DCCA is capable of providing sufficient power to power the CEC; determining, by the computing device, that the FSP of the second DCCA is operating properly; determining, by the computing device, that an oscillator and a time of day (TOD) clock are in a proper operating state and are capable of running on both the first DCCA and the second DCCA; and determining, by the computing device, that the computer system will not prevent the replacement of the first DCCA. 11. A computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media having program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable to:
identify a first distributed conversion and control assembly (DCCA) in a central electronics complex (CEC) of a computer system, the CEC containing the first DCCA and a second DCCA, each of the first DCCA and the second DCCA having a flexible service processor (FSP); determine that the computer system satisfies preconditions for concurrent replacement of the first DCCA; move an oscillator to the second DCCA as a result of the oscillator running on the FSP of the first DCCA; depower the first DCCA; receive a new media access control (MAC) address of a replacement DCCA; reconfigure an operating system of the CEC to recognize the new MAC address of the replacement DCCA; power on the replacement DCCA; and reset an FSP of the replacement DCCA. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the program instructions are further executable to disable control software for a thermal and power management device (TPMD) of the first DCCA. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the program instructions are further executable to:
fence off the first DCCA; and remove the fencing off of the first DCCA. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions comprises:
determining that the CEC is operating; determining that the second DCCA is capable of providing sufficient power to power the CEC; and determining that the FSP of the second DCCA is operating properly. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the determining that the computer system satisfies preconditions further comprises:
determining that an oscillator and a time of day (TOD) clock are in a proper operating state and are capable of running on both the first DCCA and the second DCCA; and determining that the computer system will not prevent the replacement of the first DCCA. 16. The computer program product of claim 11, the resetting of the FSP of the replacement DCCA comprises waiting for the FSP of the replacement DCCA to reach a hypervisor runtime state. 17. A system comprising:
a processor, a computer readable memory, one or more computer readable storage media, and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable to: identify a first distributed conversion and control assembly (DCCA) in a central electronics complex (CEC) of a computer system, the CEC containing the first DCCA and a second DCCA, each of the first DCCA and the second DCCA having a flexible service processor (FSP); determine that the CEC is operating; determine that the second DCCA is capable of providing sufficient power to power the CEC; determine that an oscillator and a time of day (TOD) clock are in a proper operating state and are capable of running on both the first DCCA and the second DCCA; determine that the computer system will not prevent the replacement of the first DCCA; disable control software for a thermal and power management device (TPMD) of the first DCCA; fence off the first DCCA; depower the first DCCA; receive a new media access control (MAC) address of a replacement DCCA; and reconfigure an operating system of the CEC to recognize the new MAC address of the replacement DCCA. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are further executable to determine that the FSP of the second DCCA is operating properly. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are further executable to:
power on the replacement DCCA; remove the fencing off of the first DCCA; and reset an FSP of the replacement DCCA. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the program instructions are further executable to instruct the FSP of the second DCCA to assume control of the CEC as a result of the FSP of the first DCCA being a primary FSP of the CEC. | 1,700 |
345,748 | 16,804,163 | 1,726 | Various embodiments of a power source and a method of forming such power source are disclosed. The power source can include an enclosure, a substrate disposed within the enclosure, and radioactive material disposed within the substrate and adapted to emit radioactive particles. The power source can further include a diffusion barrier disposed over an outer surface of the substrate, and a carrier material disposed within the enclosure, where the carrier material includes an oxide material. | 1. A power source, comprising:
an enclosure comprising a housing and a cover connected to the housing such that the enclosure is hermetically sealed; a substrate disposed within the enclosure; radioactive material disposed within the substrate and adapted to emit radioactive particles; a carrier material disposed within the housing; particle converting material disposed within the housing, wherein the particle converting material is adapted to convert the radioactive particles emitted by the radioactive material into light; and a photovoltaic device disposed adjacent the enclosure, wherein the photovoltaic device converts at least a portion of the light emitted by the particle converting material that is incident upon an input surface of the photovoltaic device into electrical energy. 2. The power source of claim 1, wherein the particle converting material comprises phosphor. 3. The power source of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a reflective material and the cover comprises a transparent material. 4. The power source of claim 1, wherein the radioactive material is in a liquid phase when the radioactive material diffuses from the substrate and reacts with the carrier material. 5. The power source of claim 1, wherein the radioactive material comprises tritium and the carrier material comprises an oxide material. 6-10. (canceled) 11. The power source of claim 1, further comprising a reflective layer disposed on an inner surface of the housing. 12. The power source of claim 1, wherein at least one of the housing and the cover comprises a glass material. 13. The power source of claim 1, wherein the particle converting material comprises nanocrystals. 14. The power source of claim 1, wherein the particle converting material is disposed on one or more portions of an inner surface of the housing. 15. The power source of claim 1, wherein the particle converting material is disposed on an inner surface of the cover. 16. The power source of claim 1, wherein an input surface of the photovoltaic device is disposed on an outer surface of the housing. 17. The power source of claim 1, wherein an input surface of the photovoltaic device is disposed on an outer surface of the cover. 18. An implantable medical device comprising:
a device enclosure; a power source disposed within the device enclosure, wherein the power source comprises:
a power source enclosure;
a substrate disposed within the power source enclosure;
radioactive material disposed within the substrate and adapted to emit radioactive particles;
a diffusion barrier disposed over an outer surface of the substrate; and
a carrier material disposed within the power source enclosure, wherein the carrier material comprises an oxide material; and
one or more electronic devices disposed within the device enclosure and electrically connected to the power source. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the one or more electronic components comprises at least one of an ECG sensor, EKG sensor, glucose sensor, chemical sensor, or biomarker sensor. 20. The device of claim 18, wherein the one or more electronic components comprises at least one of a power/voltage converter or an accumulator. 21. The device of claim 18, wherein the one or more electronic components comprises at least one of an ECG monitor, implantable pulse generator, or implantable cardioverter defibrillator. 22. The device of claim 18, wherein the power source enclosure comprises a housing and a cover connected to the housing. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the housing comprises a reflective material and the cover comprises a transparent material. 24. The device of claim 18, wherein the power source further comprises a photovoltaic device disposed adjacent the power source enclosure, wherein the photovoltaic device converts at least a portion of the light emitted by the particle converting material that is incident upon an input surface of the photovoltaic device into electrical energy. 25. The device of claim 18, wherein the radioactive material comprises tritium. | Various embodiments of a power source and a method of forming such power source are disclosed. The power source can include an enclosure, a substrate disposed within the enclosure, and radioactive material disposed within the substrate and adapted to emit radioactive particles. The power source can further include a diffusion barrier disposed over an outer surface of the substrate, and a carrier material disposed within the enclosure, where the carrier material includes an oxide material.1. A power source, comprising:
an enclosure comprising a housing and a cover connected to the housing such that the enclosure is hermetically sealed; a substrate disposed within the enclosure; radioactive material disposed within the substrate and adapted to emit radioactive particles; a carrier material disposed within the housing; particle converting material disposed within the housing, wherein the particle converting material is adapted to convert the radioactive particles emitted by the radioactive material into light; and a photovoltaic device disposed adjacent the enclosure, wherein the photovoltaic device converts at least a portion of the light emitted by the particle converting material that is incident upon an input surface of the photovoltaic device into electrical energy. 2. The power source of claim 1, wherein the particle converting material comprises phosphor. 3. The power source of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a reflective material and the cover comprises a transparent material. 4. The power source of claim 1, wherein the radioactive material is in a liquid phase when the radioactive material diffuses from the substrate and reacts with the carrier material. 5. The power source of claim 1, wherein the radioactive material comprises tritium and the carrier material comprises an oxide material. 6-10. (canceled) 11. The power source of claim 1, further comprising a reflective layer disposed on an inner surface of the housing. 12. The power source of claim 1, wherein at least one of the housing and the cover comprises a glass material. 13. The power source of claim 1, wherein the particle converting material comprises nanocrystals. 14. The power source of claim 1, wherein the particle converting material is disposed on one or more portions of an inner surface of the housing. 15. The power source of claim 1, wherein the particle converting material is disposed on an inner surface of the cover. 16. The power source of claim 1, wherein an input surface of the photovoltaic device is disposed on an outer surface of the housing. 17. The power source of claim 1, wherein an input surface of the photovoltaic device is disposed on an outer surface of the cover. 18. An implantable medical device comprising:
a device enclosure; a power source disposed within the device enclosure, wherein the power source comprises:
a power source enclosure;
a substrate disposed within the power source enclosure;
radioactive material disposed within the substrate and adapted to emit radioactive particles;
a diffusion barrier disposed over an outer surface of the substrate; and
a carrier material disposed within the power source enclosure, wherein the carrier material comprises an oxide material; and
one or more electronic devices disposed within the device enclosure and electrically connected to the power source. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the one or more electronic components comprises at least one of an ECG sensor, EKG sensor, glucose sensor, chemical sensor, or biomarker sensor. 20. The device of claim 18, wherein the one or more electronic components comprises at least one of a power/voltage converter or an accumulator. 21. The device of claim 18, wherein the one or more electronic components comprises at least one of an ECG monitor, implantable pulse generator, or implantable cardioverter defibrillator. 22. The device of claim 18, wherein the power source enclosure comprises a housing and a cover connected to the housing. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the housing comprises a reflective material and the cover comprises a transparent material. 24. The device of claim 18, wherein the power source further comprises a photovoltaic device disposed adjacent the power source enclosure, wherein the photovoltaic device converts at least a portion of the light emitted by the particle converting material that is incident upon an input surface of the photovoltaic device into electrical energy. 25. The device of claim 18, wherein the radioactive material comprises tritium. | 1,700 |
345,749 | 16,804,117 | 1,726 | Command execution data is received. The command execution data comprises a block address corresponding to an functional component, a register identifier corresponding to a design for testability (DFT) register of the functional component, and command data. The command execution data is converted to a serial command. The serial command is committed to the DFT register of the functional component. A response to the serial command is received. The response is generated by the functional component based on the serial command. The response is converted to command response data and is provided to a testing sub-system. | 1. A memory sub-system controller comprising:
a functional component comprising a design for testability (DFT) register; and a processing device operatively connected to the functional component via a two-wire connection, the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving command execution data from a testing sub-system, the command execution data comprising a block address corresponding to the functional component, a register identifier corresponding to the DFT register, and command data;
converting the command execution data to a serial command;
committing the serial command to the DFT register of the functional component;
receiving a response to the serial command generated by the functional component based on the serial command;
converting the response to command response data; and
providing the command response data to the testing sub-system. 2. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein:
the processing device comprises a command status register; the testing sub-system communicates the command execution data to the processing device by writing the command execution data to the command status register; and the processing device provides the command response data to the testing sub-system by writing the command response data to the command status register. 3. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the testing sub-system communicates the command execution data to the processing device using a parallel communication protocol. 4. The memory sub-system controller of claim 3, wherein:
the converting of the command execution data to the serial command comprises converting the command data from the parallel communication protocol to a serial communication protocol; and the converting of the response to the command response data comprises converting response data from the serial communication protocol to the parallel communication protocol. 5. The memory sub-system controller of claim 4, wherein the processing device comprises at least one buffer to:
convert the command data from the parallel communication protocol to the serial communication protocol; and convert the response data from the serial communication protocol to the parallel communication protocol. 6. The memory sub-system controller of claim 4, wherein:
the parallel communication protocol comprises an Advanced High-Performance Bus (AHB) protocol; and the serial communication protocol comprises inter-integrated circuit (I2C) protocol. 7. The memory sub-system controller of claim 6, wherein:
the processing device comprises an I2C; and the testing sub-system is operatively coupled to the processing device via an AHB bus connection. 8. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the processing device is operatively connected to a plurality of functional components via a two-wire connection, each functional component being associated with a unique block address. 9. A method comprising:
receiving, at a serial interface component of a memory sub-system controller, command execution data from a testing sub-system of the memory sub-system controller, the command execution data comprising:
a block address corresponding to a target functional component from among a plurality of functional components of the memory sub-system controller connected to the serial interface component via a two-wire connection, the target functional component comprising a design for testability (DFT) register;
a register identifier corresponding to the DFT register, and command data;
converting the command execution data to a serial command; committing the serial command to the DFT register of the target functional component; receiving a response to the serial command generated by the target functional component based on the serial command; converting the response to command response data; and providing the command response data to the test sub-system. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the serial interface component comprises a command status register accessible by the testing sub-system; the testing sub-system communicates the command execution data to the serial interface component by writing the command execution data to the command status register; and the providing of the command response data comprises writing the command response data to the command status register. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the converting of the command execution data to the serial command comprises converting the command data from a parallel communication protocol to a serial communication protocol; and the converting of the response to the command response data comprises converting response data from the serial communication protocol to the parallel communication protocol. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the parallel communication protocol comprises an AHB protocol; and the serial communication protocol comprises inter-integrated circuit (I2C) protocol. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the serial interface component comprises an I2C operatively connected to multiple functional components via a two-wire connection. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the command execution data is received via a large width bus connection to the testing sub-system and is communicated using a parallel communication protocol. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the large width bus connection comprises an advanced high-performance bus (AHB) connection. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device, configure the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at a serial interface component of a memory sub-system controller, command execution data from a testing sub-system of the memory sub-system controller, the command execution data comprising:
a block address corresponding to a target functional component from among a plurality of functional components connected to the serial interface component via a two-wire connection, the target functional component comprising a design for testability (DFT) register;
a register identifier corresponding to the DFT register, and command data;
converting the command execution data to a serial command; committing the serial command to the DFT register of the target functional component; receiving a response to the serial command generated by the target functional component based on the serial command; converting the response to command response data; and providing the command response data to the test sub-system. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the command execution data is communicated to the processing device using a parallel communication protocol. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein:
the converting of the command execution data to the serial command comprises converting the command data from the parallel communication protocol to a serial communication protocol; and the converting of the response to the command response data comprises converting response data from the serial communication protocol to the parallel communication protocol. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein:
the parallel communication protocol comprises an advanced high-performance bus (AHB) protocol; and the serial communication protocol comprises inter-integrated circuit (I2C) protocol. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein:
the receiving of the command execution data comprises accessing the command execution data from a command status register; and the providing of the command response data comprises writing the command response data to the command status register. | Command execution data is received. The command execution data comprises a block address corresponding to an functional component, a register identifier corresponding to a design for testability (DFT) register of the functional component, and command data. The command execution data is converted to a serial command. The serial command is committed to the DFT register of the functional component. A response to the serial command is received. The response is generated by the functional component based on the serial command. The response is converted to command response data and is provided to a testing sub-system.1. A memory sub-system controller comprising:
a functional component comprising a design for testability (DFT) register; and a processing device operatively connected to the functional component via a two-wire connection, the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving command execution data from a testing sub-system, the command execution data comprising a block address corresponding to the functional component, a register identifier corresponding to the DFT register, and command data;
converting the command execution data to a serial command;
committing the serial command to the DFT register of the functional component;
receiving a response to the serial command generated by the functional component based on the serial command;
converting the response to command response data; and
providing the command response data to the testing sub-system. 2. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein:
the processing device comprises a command status register; the testing sub-system communicates the command execution data to the processing device by writing the command execution data to the command status register; and the processing device provides the command response data to the testing sub-system by writing the command response data to the command status register. 3. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the testing sub-system communicates the command execution data to the processing device using a parallel communication protocol. 4. The memory sub-system controller of claim 3, wherein:
the converting of the command execution data to the serial command comprises converting the command data from the parallel communication protocol to a serial communication protocol; and the converting of the response to the command response data comprises converting response data from the serial communication protocol to the parallel communication protocol. 5. The memory sub-system controller of claim 4, wherein the processing device comprises at least one buffer to:
convert the command data from the parallel communication protocol to the serial communication protocol; and convert the response data from the serial communication protocol to the parallel communication protocol. 6. The memory sub-system controller of claim 4, wherein:
the parallel communication protocol comprises an Advanced High-Performance Bus (AHB) protocol; and the serial communication protocol comprises inter-integrated circuit (I2C) protocol. 7. The memory sub-system controller of claim 6, wherein:
the processing device comprises an I2C; and the testing sub-system is operatively coupled to the processing device via an AHB bus connection. 8. The memory sub-system controller of claim 1, wherein the processing device is operatively connected to a plurality of functional components via a two-wire connection, each functional component being associated with a unique block address. 9. A method comprising:
receiving, at a serial interface component of a memory sub-system controller, command execution data from a testing sub-system of the memory sub-system controller, the command execution data comprising:
a block address corresponding to a target functional component from among a plurality of functional components of the memory sub-system controller connected to the serial interface component via a two-wire connection, the target functional component comprising a design for testability (DFT) register;
a register identifier corresponding to the DFT register, and command data;
converting the command execution data to a serial command; committing the serial command to the DFT register of the target functional component; receiving a response to the serial command generated by the target functional component based on the serial command; converting the response to command response data; and providing the command response data to the test sub-system. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the serial interface component comprises a command status register accessible by the testing sub-system; the testing sub-system communicates the command execution data to the serial interface component by writing the command execution data to the command status register; and the providing of the command response data comprises writing the command response data to the command status register. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the converting of the command execution data to the serial command comprises converting the command data from a parallel communication protocol to a serial communication protocol; and the converting of the response to the command response data comprises converting response data from the serial communication protocol to the parallel communication protocol. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the parallel communication protocol comprises an AHB protocol; and the serial communication protocol comprises inter-integrated circuit (I2C) protocol. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the serial interface component comprises an I2C operatively connected to multiple functional components via a two-wire connection. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the command execution data is received via a large width bus connection to the testing sub-system and is communicated using a parallel communication protocol. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the large width bus connection comprises an advanced high-performance bus (AHB) connection. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device, configure the processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at a serial interface component of a memory sub-system controller, command execution data from a testing sub-system of the memory sub-system controller, the command execution data comprising:
a block address corresponding to a target functional component from among a plurality of functional components connected to the serial interface component via a two-wire connection, the target functional component comprising a design for testability (DFT) register;
a register identifier corresponding to the DFT register, and command data;
converting the command execution data to a serial command; committing the serial command to the DFT register of the target functional component; receiving a response to the serial command generated by the target functional component based on the serial command; converting the response to command response data; and providing the command response data to the test sub-system. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the command execution data is communicated to the processing device using a parallel communication protocol. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein:
the converting of the command execution data to the serial command comprises converting the command data from the parallel communication protocol to a serial communication protocol; and the converting of the response to the command response data comprises converting response data from the serial communication protocol to the parallel communication protocol. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein:
the parallel communication protocol comprises an advanced high-performance bus (AHB) protocol; and the serial communication protocol comprises inter-integrated circuit (I2C) protocol. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein:
the receiving of the command execution data comprises accessing the command execution data from a command status register; and the providing of the command response data comprises writing the command response data to the command status register. | 1,700 |
345,750 | 16,804,158 | 1,742 | Disclosed is a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair and a method of preparing the same. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material is prepared from carbon fiber (CF) among inorganic fillers, polyimide (PI) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). These three materials are wet-mixed, dried and placed in a mold followed by curing by a heat press. The cured product is cooled and demolded to obtain the CF/PI/PEEK friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair. Tribological properties of the PEEK material are enhanced due to synergistic effect arising from hybrid organic-inorganic filling. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material provided in the invention has significantly reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss under the seawater environment. | 1. A friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair, comprising:
a PEEK material as a matrix material; a high-strength chopped fiber as a reinforcing material; and a PI material for increasing abrasion resistance; wherein the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are mixed followed by hot pressing to prepare the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 2. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 1, wherein the high-strength chopped fiber is an inorganic filler CF; and the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are wet-mixed in a volatile solvent. 3. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 3-20 parts by weight, and the PI material is 10-27 parts by weight. 4. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 5-10 parts by weight, and the PI material is 20-25 parts by weight. 5. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 6. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 7. A method for preparing a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material, comprising:
(1) preparing PEEK powder, PI powder and an inorganic chopped filler CF for use; (2) uniformly mixing the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF to form a powder mixture; and (3) placing the powder mixture in a mold and pre-pressed and then hot pressing by a heat press for curing; and cooling and demolding the cured product to obtain a sample of the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF are uniformly wet-mixed in a volatile solvent and then dried to obtain the powder mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the pre-pressing is performed under 20-30 MPa 2-4 times, for 3-5 min each time. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the hot pressing is performed with gradient temperature and pressure increase, where a maximum temperature is not more than 380° C., and a maximum pressure is not more than 120 MPa. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein step (3) comprises:
preheating the mold to 145-155° C. at a rate of 90-110° C./h, applying a pressure of 30-40 MPa on the mold, and keeping the temperature at 145-155° C. for 1-2 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 370-380° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h, and when a temperature controller indicates that the temperature reaches the desired temperature, increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 100-120 MPa and keeping the temperature at 370-380° C. and the pressure at 100-120 MPa for 3-4 h, during which gas is discharged 2-3 times; after curing, lowering the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; reducing the pressure of the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1-2 h; cooling the mold naturally at a rate of 90-110° C./h; releasing the pressure of the mold and demolding. | Disclosed is a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair and a method of preparing the same. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material is prepared from carbon fiber (CF) among inorganic fillers, polyimide (PI) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). These three materials are wet-mixed, dried and placed in a mold followed by curing by a heat press. The cured product is cooled and demolded to obtain the CF/PI/PEEK friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair. Tribological properties of the PEEK material are enhanced due to synergistic effect arising from hybrid organic-inorganic filling. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material provided in the invention has significantly reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss under the seawater environment.1. A friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair, comprising:
a PEEK material as a matrix material; a high-strength chopped fiber as a reinforcing material; and a PI material for increasing abrasion resistance; wherein the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are mixed followed by hot pressing to prepare the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 2. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 1, wherein the high-strength chopped fiber is an inorganic filler CF; and the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are wet-mixed in a volatile solvent. 3. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 3-20 parts by weight, and the PI material is 10-27 parts by weight. 4. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 5-10 parts by weight, and the PI material is 20-25 parts by weight. 5. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 6. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 7. A method for preparing a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material, comprising:
(1) preparing PEEK powder, PI powder and an inorganic chopped filler CF for use; (2) uniformly mixing the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF to form a powder mixture; and (3) placing the powder mixture in a mold and pre-pressed and then hot pressing by a heat press for curing; and cooling and demolding the cured product to obtain a sample of the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF are uniformly wet-mixed in a volatile solvent and then dried to obtain the powder mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the pre-pressing is performed under 20-30 MPa 2-4 times, for 3-5 min each time. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the hot pressing is performed with gradient temperature and pressure increase, where a maximum temperature is not more than 380° C., and a maximum pressure is not more than 120 MPa. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein step (3) comprises:
preheating the mold to 145-155° C. at a rate of 90-110° C./h, applying a pressure of 30-40 MPa on the mold, and keeping the temperature at 145-155° C. for 1-2 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 370-380° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h, and when a temperature controller indicates that the temperature reaches the desired temperature, increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 100-120 MPa and keeping the temperature at 370-380° C. and the pressure at 100-120 MPa for 3-4 h, during which gas is discharged 2-3 times; after curing, lowering the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; reducing the pressure of the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1-2 h; cooling the mold naturally at a rate of 90-110° C./h; releasing the pressure of the mold and demolding. | 1,700 |
345,751 | 16,804,177 | 1,617 | Disclosed is a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair and a method of preparing the same. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material is prepared from carbon fiber (CF) among inorganic fillers, polyimide (PI) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). These three materials are wet-mixed, dried and placed in a mold followed by curing by a heat press. The cured product is cooled and demolded to obtain the CF/PI/PEEK friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair. Tribological properties of the PEEK material are enhanced due to synergistic effect arising from hybrid organic-inorganic filling. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material provided in the invention has significantly reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss under the seawater environment. | 1. A friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair, comprising:
a PEEK material as a matrix material; a high-strength chopped fiber as a reinforcing material; and a PI material for increasing abrasion resistance; wherein the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are mixed followed by hot pressing to prepare the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 2. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 1, wherein the high-strength chopped fiber is an inorganic filler CF; and the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are wet-mixed in a volatile solvent. 3. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 3-20 parts by weight, and the PI material is 10-27 parts by weight. 4. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 5-10 parts by weight, and the PI material is 20-25 parts by weight. 5. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 6. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 7. A method for preparing a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material, comprising:
(1) preparing PEEK powder, PI powder and an inorganic chopped filler CF for use; (2) uniformly mixing the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF to form a powder mixture; and (3) placing the powder mixture in a mold and pre-pressed and then hot pressing by a heat press for curing; and cooling and demolding the cured product to obtain a sample of the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF are uniformly wet-mixed in a volatile solvent and then dried to obtain the powder mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the pre-pressing is performed under 20-30 MPa 2-4 times, for 3-5 min each time. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the hot pressing is performed with gradient temperature and pressure increase, where a maximum temperature is not more than 380° C., and a maximum pressure is not more than 120 MPa. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein step (3) comprises:
preheating the mold to 145-155° C. at a rate of 90-110° C./h, applying a pressure of 30-40 MPa on the mold, and keeping the temperature at 145-155° C. for 1-2 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 370-380° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h, and when a temperature controller indicates that the temperature reaches the desired temperature, increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 100-120 MPa and keeping the temperature at 370-380° C. and the pressure at 100-120 MPa for 3-4 h, during which gas is discharged 2-3 times; after curing, lowering the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; reducing the pressure of the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1-2 h; cooling the mold naturally at a rate of 90-110° C./h; releasing the pressure of the mold and demolding. | Disclosed is a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair and a method of preparing the same. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material is prepared from carbon fiber (CF) among inorganic fillers, polyimide (PI) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). These three materials are wet-mixed, dried and placed in a mold followed by curing by a heat press. The cured product is cooled and demolded to obtain the CF/PI/PEEK friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair. Tribological properties of the PEEK material are enhanced due to synergistic effect arising from hybrid organic-inorganic filling. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material provided in the invention has significantly reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss under the seawater environment.1. A friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair, comprising:
a PEEK material as a matrix material; a high-strength chopped fiber as a reinforcing material; and a PI material for increasing abrasion resistance; wherein the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are mixed followed by hot pressing to prepare the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 2. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 1, wherein the high-strength chopped fiber is an inorganic filler CF; and the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are wet-mixed in a volatile solvent. 3. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 3-20 parts by weight, and the PI material is 10-27 parts by weight. 4. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 5-10 parts by weight, and the PI material is 20-25 parts by weight. 5. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 6. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 7. A method for preparing a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material, comprising:
(1) preparing PEEK powder, PI powder and an inorganic chopped filler CF for use; (2) uniformly mixing the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF to form a powder mixture; and (3) placing the powder mixture in a mold and pre-pressed and then hot pressing by a heat press for curing; and cooling and demolding the cured product to obtain a sample of the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF are uniformly wet-mixed in a volatile solvent and then dried to obtain the powder mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the pre-pressing is performed under 20-30 MPa 2-4 times, for 3-5 min each time. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the hot pressing is performed with gradient temperature and pressure increase, where a maximum temperature is not more than 380° C., and a maximum pressure is not more than 120 MPa. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein step (3) comprises:
preheating the mold to 145-155° C. at a rate of 90-110° C./h, applying a pressure of 30-40 MPa on the mold, and keeping the temperature at 145-155° C. for 1-2 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 370-380° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h, and when a temperature controller indicates that the temperature reaches the desired temperature, increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 100-120 MPa and keeping the temperature at 370-380° C. and the pressure at 100-120 MPa for 3-4 h, during which gas is discharged 2-3 times; after curing, lowering the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; reducing the pressure of the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1-2 h; cooling the mold naturally at a rate of 90-110° C./h; releasing the pressure of the mold and demolding. | 1,600 |
345,752 | 16,804,193 | 3,641 | Disclosed is a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair and a method of preparing the same. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material is prepared from carbon fiber (CF) among inorganic fillers, polyimide (PI) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). These three materials are wet-mixed, dried and placed in a mold followed by curing by a heat press. The cured product is cooled and demolded to obtain the CF/PI/PEEK friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair. Tribological properties of the PEEK material are enhanced due to synergistic effect arising from hybrid organic-inorganic filling. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material provided in the invention has significantly reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss under the seawater environment. | 1. A friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair, comprising:
a PEEK material as a matrix material; a high-strength chopped fiber as a reinforcing material; and a PI material for increasing abrasion resistance; wherein the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are mixed followed by hot pressing to prepare the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 2. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 1, wherein the high-strength chopped fiber is an inorganic filler CF; and the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are wet-mixed in a volatile solvent. 3. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 3-20 parts by weight, and the PI material is 10-27 parts by weight. 4. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 5-10 parts by weight, and the PI material is 20-25 parts by weight. 5. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 6. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 7. A method for preparing a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material, comprising:
(1) preparing PEEK powder, PI powder and an inorganic chopped filler CF for use; (2) uniformly mixing the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF to form a powder mixture; and (3) placing the powder mixture in a mold and pre-pressed and then hot pressing by a heat press for curing; and cooling and demolding the cured product to obtain a sample of the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF are uniformly wet-mixed in a volatile solvent and then dried to obtain the powder mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the pre-pressing is performed under 20-30 MPa 2-4 times, for 3-5 min each time. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the hot pressing is performed with gradient temperature and pressure increase, where a maximum temperature is not more than 380° C., and a maximum pressure is not more than 120 MPa. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein step (3) comprises:
preheating the mold to 145-155° C. at a rate of 90-110° C./h, applying a pressure of 30-40 MPa on the mold, and keeping the temperature at 145-155° C. for 1-2 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 370-380° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h, and when a temperature controller indicates that the temperature reaches the desired temperature, increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 100-120 MPa and keeping the temperature at 370-380° C. and the pressure at 100-120 MPa for 3-4 h, during which gas is discharged 2-3 times; after curing, lowering the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; reducing the pressure of the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1-2 h; cooling the mold naturally at a rate of 90-110° C./h; releasing the pressure of the mold and demolding. | Disclosed is a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair and a method of preparing the same. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material is prepared from carbon fiber (CF) among inorganic fillers, polyimide (PI) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). These three materials are wet-mixed, dried and placed in a mold followed by curing by a heat press. The cured product is cooled and demolded to obtain the CF/PI/PEEK friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair. Tribological properties of the PEEK material are enhanced due to synergistic effect arising from hybrid organic-inorganic filling. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material provided in the invention has significantly reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss under the seawater environment.1. A friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material for a wading kinematic pair, comprising:
a PEEK material as a matrix material; a high-strength chopped fiber as a reinforcing material; and a PI material for increasing abrasion resistance; wherein the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are mixed followed by hot pressing to prepare the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 2. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 1, wherein the high-strength chopped fiber is an inorganic filler CF; and the PEEK material, the high-strength chopped fiber and the PI material are wet-mixed in a volatile solvent. 3. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 3-20 parts by weight, and the PI material is 10-27 parts by weight. 4. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein based on 70 parts by weight of the PEEK material, the inorganic filler CF is 5-10 parts by weight, and the PI material is 20-25 parts by weight. 5. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 2, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 6. The friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material of claim 3, wherein the PEEK material and the PI material are in the form of powder, and the inorganic filler CF is ground chopped fiber. 7. A method for preparing a friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material, comprising:
(1) preparing PEEK powder, PI powder and an inorganic chopped filler CF for use; (2) uniformly mixing the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF to form a powder mixture; and (3) placing the powder mixture in a mold and pre-pressed and then hot pressing by a heat press for curing; and cooling and demolding the cured product to obtain a sample of the friction-reducing and anti-wear composite material. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PEEK powder, the PI powder and the inorganic chopped filler CF are uniformly wet-mixed in a volatile solvent and then dried to obtain the powder mixture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the pre-pressing is performed under 20-30 MPa 2-4 times, for 3-5 min each time. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (3), the hot pressing is performed with gradient temperature and pressure increase, where a maximum temperature is not more than 380° C., and a maximum pressure is not more than 120 MPa. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein step (3) comprises:
preheating the mold to 145-155° C. at a rate of 90-110° C./h, applying a pressure of 30-40 MPa on the mold, and keeping the temperature at 145-155° C. for 1-2 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1 h; raising the temperature of the mold to 370-380° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h, and when a temperature controller indicates that the temperature reaches the desired temperature, increasing the pressure applied on the mold to 100-120 MPa and keeping the temperature at 370-380° C. and the pressure at 100-120 MPa for 3-4 h, during which gas is discharged 2-3 times; after curing, lowering the temperature of the mold to 255-265° C. at a rate of 40-60° C./h; reducing the pressure of the mold to 60-80 MPa; and keeping the temperature at 255-265° C. for 1-2 h; cooling the mold naturally at a rate of 90-110° C./h; releasing the pressure of the mold and demolding. | 3,600 |
345,753 | 16,804,178 | 3,641 | Dental treatments and methods, including treating gum disease, using peroxide gel and a viscous antibacterial agent including tetracycline to chemically debride and curettage a treatment area. Treatments and methods include non-surgically scaling and root plaining the treatment area with dental tools such as periodontal scalers and/or curettes during the active period of the chemical debridement. The working surfaces of dental tools can be sharpened for optimal root and tooth surfacing during treatment. Treatment can include instructions for co-therapy by or on behalf of treatment subjects between visits and for maintenance care. | 1. A method of root conditioning a periodontitis-affected tooth of a subject having a root surface and a periodontal pocket, comprising:
chemically debriding the root surface by applying a gel solution including a clinically effective amount of a peroxide and applying a clinically effective amount of tetracycline to the periodontal pocket; and mechanically debriding the root surface, while performing the step of chemically debriding the root surface, by root planing the root surface with a dental instrument including a blade having a working edge of 1 to 50 microns; wherein the peroxide and the tetracycline chemically curettage and anesthetize the root surface while the mechanical debridement step is performed. 2. The method or claim 1, wherein the step of root planing further comprises root planning the root surface with the dental instrument to form a root surface roughness of 1 to 50 microns. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the blade of the dental instrument includes a working edge of 1 to 5 microns. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of root planing further comprises root planing the root surface to a have a root surface roughness of 1 to 5 microns. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the gel solution is applied separately from the tetracycline. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tetracycline is applied to the periodontal pocket prior to applying the gel solution. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the gel solution and the tetracycline are applied at the same time. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the gel solution and the tetracycline are applied a plurality of times to the periodontal pocket while the mechanical debridement is in process. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the tetracycline is tetracycline powder. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the tetracycline powder is drawn with a wetted dental instrument to form a paste-like consistency of tetracycline prior to being applied to the periodontal pocket. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the gel solution comprises at least 10% carbamide peroxide. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the gel solution and the tetracycline are applied to the periodontal pocket at a depth of 5 to 10 millimeters. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the dental instrument is selected from the group consisting of a periodontal curette and periodontal scaler. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the gel solution and the tetracycline are applied directly into the periodontal pocket with a dental instrument selected from the group consisting of a periodontal probe, a periodontal curette, and a periodontal scaler. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the blade of the dental instrument includes no deformations and no wire edges. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the working edge of the blade of the dental instrument is sharpened during debridement to 1 to 5 microns and to remove wire edges and deformations formed during debridement. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
flossing with the gel solution at least once daily by the subject; and gumbrushing with the gel solution at least once daily by the subject. | Dental treatments and methods, including treating gum disease, using peroxide gel and a viscous antibacterial agent including tetracycline to chemically debride and curettage a treatment area. Treatments and methods include non-surgically scaling and root plaining the treatment area with dental tools such as periodontal scalers and/or curettes during the active period of the chemical debridement. The working surfaces of dental tools can be sharpened for optimal root and tooth surfacing during treatment. Treatment can include instructions for co-therapy by or on behalf of treatment subjects between visits and for maintenance care.1. A method of root conditioning a periodontitis-affected tooth of a subject having a root surface and a periodontal pocket, comprising:
chemically debriding the root surface by applying a gel solution including a clinically effective amount of a peroxide and applying a clinically effective amount of tetracycline to the periodontal pocket; and mechanically debriding the root surface, while performing the step of chemically debriding the root surface, by root planing the root surface with a dental instrument including a blade having a working edge of 1 to 50 microns; wherein the peroxide and the tetracycline chemically curettage and anesthetize the root surface while the mechanical debridement step is performed. 2. The method or claim 1, wherein the step of root planing further comprises root planning the root surface with the dental instrument to form a root surface roughness of 1 to 50 microns. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the blade of the dental instrument includes a working edge of 1 to 5 microns. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of root planing further comprises root planing the root surface to a have a root surface roughness of 1 to 5 microns. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the gel solution is applied separately from the tetracycline. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the tetracycline is applied to the periodontal pocket prior to applying the gel solution. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the gel solution and the tetracycline are applied at the same time. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the gel solution and the tetracycline are applied a plurality of times to the periodontal pocket while the mechanical debridement is in process. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the tetracycline is tetracycline powder. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the tetracycline powder is drawn with a wetted dental instrument to form a paste-like consistency of tetracycline prior to being applied to the periodontal pocket. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the gel solution comprises at least 10% carbamide peroxide. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the gel solution and the tetracycline are applied to the periodontal pocket at a depth of 5 to 10 millimeters. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the dental instrument is selected from the group consisting of a periodontal curette and periodontal scaler. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the gel solution and the tetracycline are applied directly into the periodontal pocket with a dental instrument selected from the group consisting of a periodontal probe, a periodontal curette, and a periodontal scaler. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the blade of the dental instrument includes no deformations and no wire edges. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the working edge of the blade of the dental instrument is sharpened during debridement to 1 to 5 microns and to remove wire edges and deformations formed during debridement. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
flossing with the gel solution at least once daily by the subject; and gumbrushing with the gel solution at least once daily by the subject. | 3,600 |
345,754 | 16,804,152 | 3,641 | A display device includes: a substrate; a first thin film transistor and a second thin film transistor arranged over the substrate; a display element connected to the first thin film transistor; a wiring connected to the second thin film transistor and including a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer; a pattern insulating layer arranged between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer; a planarization layer covering the wiring; and a connection electrode arranged on the planarization layer and connected to the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer respectively through a first contact hole and a second contact hole. | 1. A display device comprising:
a substrate; a first thin film transistor disposed over the substrate; a second thin film transistor disposed over the substrate; a display element connected to the first thin film transistor; a wiring connected to the second thin film transistor, wherein the wiring includes a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer; a pattern insulating layer disposed between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer; a planarization layer covering the wiring; and a connection electrode disposed on the planarization layer and connected to the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer through a first contact hole and a second contact hole, respectively. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a bottom surface of the second wiring layer has a same area as an area of a top surface of the pattern insulating layer. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a lateral surface of the second wiring layer is connected to a lateral surface of the pattern insulating layer. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the display element includes a pixel electrode, an emission layer, and an opposite electrode, and the connection electrode includes a same material as a material of the pixel electrode and is disposed in a same layer as the pixel electrode. 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein
an area of the first wiring layer is different from an area of the second wiring layer. 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the planarization layer contacts a lateral surface of the pattern insulating layer. 7. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode including a same material as a material of a gate electrode of the first thin film transistor, and the second electrode overlaps the first electrode, includes a same material as a material of the first wiring layer, and is disposed in a same layer as the first wiring layer. 8. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a bias electrode disposed below the first thin film transistor. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the bias electrode is connected to a source electrode or a drain electrode of the first thin film transistor. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the wiring includes a data line which provides a data signal to the second thin film transistor. 11. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a thin-film encapsulation layer covering the display element, wherein the thin-film encapsulation layer includes a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer and a second inorganic encapsulation layer, which are stacked one on another. 12. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a sealing substrate disposed opposite to the substrate. 13. A method of manufacturing a display device, the method comprising:
providing a thin film transistor and a first wiring layer connected to the thin film transistor over a substrate; sequentially providing an insulating layer and a conductive layer on an entire top surface of the substrate to cover the first wiring layer; providing a photoresist pattern on the conductive layer; forming a second wiring layer and a pattern insulating layer by etching the conductive layer and the insulating layer using the photoresist pattern as an etch mask; and providing a connection electrode connecting the first wiring layer to the second wiring layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein
a bottom surface of the second wiring layer has a same area as an area of a top surface of the pattern insulating layer. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein
a lateral surface of the second wiring layer is connected to a lateral surface of the pattern insulating layer. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein
a display element of the display device includes a pixel electrode, an emission layer, and an opposite electrode, and the connection electrode includes a same material as a material of the pixel electrode and is disposed in a same layer as the pixel electrode. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein
an area of the first wiring layer is different from an area of the second wiring layer. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
providing a planarization layer covering the first wiring layer, the second wiring layer and the pattern insulating layer before the providing the connection electrode. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
providing a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode includes a same material as a material of a gate electrode of the thin film transistor, and the second electrode overlaps the first electrode, includes a same material as a material of the first wiring layer, and is disposed in a same layer as the first wiring layer. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
providing a bias electrode arranged below the thin film transistor. | A display device includes: a substrate; a first thin film transistor and a second thin film transistor arranged over the substrate; a display element connected to the first thin film transistor; a wiring connected to the second thin film transistor and including a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer; a pattern insulating layer arranged between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer; a planarization layer covering the wiring; and a connection electrode arranged on the planarization layer and connected to the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer respectively through a first contact hole and a second contact hole.1. A display device comprising:
a substrate; a first thin film transistor disposed over the substrate; a second thin film transistor disposed over the substrate; a display element connected to the first thin film transistor; a wiring connected to the second thin film transistor, wherein the wiring includes a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer; a pattern insulating layer disposed between the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer; a planarization layer covering the wiring; and a connection electrode disposed on the planarization layer and connected to the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer through a first contact hole and a second contact hole, respectively. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a bottom surface of the second wiring layer has a same area as an area of a top surface of the pattern insulating layer. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a lateral surface of the second wiring layer is connected to a lateral surface of the pattern insulating layer. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the display element includes a pixel electrode, an emission layer, and an opposite electrode, and the connection electrode includes a same material as a material of the pixel electrode and is disposed in a same layer as the pixel electrode. 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein
an area of the first wiring layer is different from an area of the second wiring layer. 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the planarization layer contacts a lateral surface of the pattern insulating layer. 7. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode including a same material as a material of a gate electrode of the first thin film transistor, and the second electrode overlaps the first electrode, includes a same material as a material of the first wiring layer, and is disposed in a same layer as the first wiring layer. 8. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a bias electrode disposed below the first thin film transistor. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the bias electrode is connected to a source electrode or a drain electrode of the first thin film transistor. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the wiring includes a data line which provides a data signal to the second thin film transistor. 11. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a thin-film encapsulation layer covering the display element, wherein the thin-film encapsulation layer includes a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer and a second inorganic encapsulation layer, which are stacked one on another. 12. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a sealing substrate disposed opposite to the substrate. 13. A method of manufacturing a display device, the method comprising:
providing a thin film transistor and a first wiring layer connected to the thin film transistor over a substrate; sequentially providing an insulating layer and a conductive layer on an entire top surface of the substrate to cover the first wiring layer; providing a photoresist pattern on the conductive layer; forming a second wiring layer and a pattern insulating layer by etching the conductive layer and the insulating layer using the photoresist pattern as an etch mask; and providing a connection electrode connecting the first wiring layer to the second wiring layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein
a bottom surface of the second wiring layer has a same area as an area of a top surface of the pattern insulating layer. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein
a lateral surface of the second wiring layer is connected to a lateral surface of the pattern insulating layer. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein
a display element of the display device includes a pixel electrode, an emission layer, and an opposite electrode, and the connection electrode includes a same material as a material of the pixel electrode and is disposed in a same layer as the pixel electrode. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein
an area of the first wiring layer is different from an area of the second wiring layer. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
providing a planarization layer covering the first wiring layer, the second wiring layer and the pattern insulating layer before the providing the connection electrode. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
providing a capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode includes a same material as a material of a gate electrode of the thin film transistor, and the second electrode overlaps the first electrode, includes a same material as a material of the first wiring layer, and is disposed in a same layer as the first wiring layer. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
providing a bias electrode arranged below the thin film transistor. | 3,600 |
345,755 | 16,804,185 | 3,641 | Methods, systems, and devices are described that support extensible data mapping. A data mapping server may receive an indication of a source schema for a data source and may receive a user input indicating creation of a custom data object to handle the source schema. The server may create the custom data object based on the user input. The data mapping server may automatically map one or more data fields for a source data object (e.g., based on the source schema) to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object (e.g., based on a custom schema). The server may import a set of data records stored at the data source and may store the data records in a database system according to the custom schema based on the data mapping. The stored custom data objects may be used for segmentation, activation, analysis, or some combination thereof. | 1. A method for data mapping, comprising:
receiving, at a data mapping server, an indication of a source schema for a data source, wherein the source schema comprises a set of data fields for a source data object; receiving, at the data mapping server, a user input indicating creation of a custom data object; creating, by the data mapping server, the custom data object based at least in part on the user input; automatically mapping, by the data mapping server, one or more data fields of the set of data fields for the source data object to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object based at least in part on the source schema; importing, from the data source, a plurality of data records stored at the data source according to the source schema; and storing, in a database system, the plurality of data records according to a custom schema, wherein the custom schema comprises the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, in the database system, the plurality of data records according to the source schema. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a second user input indicating a mapping from a data field of the set of data fields for the source data object to a custom data field of the custom data object; and updating, in the database system, the plurality of data records stored according to the custom schema based at least in part on the second user input, wherein the updating comprises:
mapping a plurality of values from the data field of the plurality of data records stored according to the source schema to the custom data field of the plurality of data records stored according to the custom schema. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the data field is initially unmapped to the custom data object based at least in part on the automatic mapping; and the plurality of values from the data field is preserved in the database system based at least in part on the storing the plurality of data records according to the source schema. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the updating is performed internal to the database system based at least in part on storing both the plurality of data records according to the custom schema and the plurality of data records according to the source schema. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a second indication of a second source schema different from the source schema for a second data source different from the data source, wherein the second source schema comprises a second set of data fields for a second source data object; receiving, at the data mapping server, a third user input indicating the custom data object; and automatically mapping, by the data mapping server, one or more data fields of the second set of data fields for the second source data object to the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object based at least in part on the second source schema. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a third indication of a third source schema different from the source schema for a third data source different from the data source, wherein the third source schema comprises a third set of data fields for a third source data object; receiving, at the data mapping server, a fourth user input indicating a standard data object; and receiving, at the data mapping server, a fifth user input indicating a mapping for one or more data fields of the third set of data fields for the third source data object to one or more standard data fields for the standard data object. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a sixth user input indicating creation of a custom data field for the standard data object and a mapping from a data field of the third set of data fields for the third source data object to the custom data field for the standard data object; creating, in the database system, the custom data field for the standard data object based at least in part on the sixth user input; and mapping, by the data mapping server, a plurality of values from the data field of the third set of data fields for the third source data object to the custom data field for the standard data object based at least in part on the sixth user input. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the custom data object further comprises:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a seventh user input; and modifying, by the data mapping server, a custom data field of the one or more custom data fields, a mapping of the automatic mapping, or a combination thereof based at least in part on the seventh user input. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein modifying the custom data field of the one or more custom data fields comprises:
changing, by the data mapping server, a label of the custom data field, a data type of the custom data field, a property of the custom data field, or a combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication of the source schema for the data source comprises:
fetching the source schema from the data source. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication of the source schema for the data source comprises:
receiving, at the data mapping server, an eighth user input indicating the source schema for the data source. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing data segmentation, activation, analysis, or a combination thereof based at least in part on the plurality of data records stored according to the custom schema. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, in the database system, an indication of a connection between the custom data object and a standard data object; receiving, at the database system, a query message comprising a search criterion based at least in part on the custom data object and a return value associated with the standard data object; searching the database system using the search criterion and the custom data object; and retrieving, from the database system, information from the standard data object based at least in part on the return value, the connection between the custom data object and the standard data object, and the searching. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, for display in a user interface of a user device, an indication of the automatic mapping of the one or more data fields of the set of data fields for the source data object to the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object, wherein the user input is received via the user interface of the user device. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, in the database system, an indication of a data stream from the data source to the database system according to a mapping from the source data object to the custom data object; importing, from the data source, an additional plurality of data records stored at the data source based at least in part on the data stream; and storing, in the database system, the additional plurality of data records according to the custom schema based at least in part on the mapping from the source data object to the custom data object. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a ninth user input indicating a refresh schedule for the data source, wherein the additional plurality of data records is imported based at least in part on the refresh schedule for the data source. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server from a user device, a tenth user input indicating the data source; identifying an authentication procedure for the data source; transmitting, to the user device, a request for authentication information for the authentication procedure for the data source; and receiving, at the data mapping server from the user device, the authentication information, wherein the indication of the source schema for the data source is received based at least in part on performing the authentication procedure for the data source using the received authentication information. 19. An apparatus for data mapping, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication of a source schema for a data source, wherein the source schema comprises a set of data fields for a source data object;
receive a user input indicating creation of a custom data object;
create the custom data object based at least in part on the user input;
automatically map one or more data fields of the set of data fields for the source data object to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object based at least in part on the source schema;
import, from the data source, a plurality of data records stored at the data source according to the source schema; and
store, in a database system, the plurality of data records according to a custom schema, wherein the custom schema comprises the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for data mapping, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
receive an indication of a source schema for a data source, wherein the source schema comprises a set of data fields for a source data object; receive a user input indicating creation of a custom data object; create the custom data object based at least in part on the user input; automatically map one or more data fields of the set of data fields for the source data object to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object based at least in part on the source schema; import, from the data source, a plurality of data records stored at the data source according to the source schema; and store, in a database system, the plurality of data records according to a custom schema, wherein the custom schema comprises the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object. | Methods, systems, and devices are described that support extensible data mapping. A data mapping server may receive an indication of a source schema for a data source and may receive a user input indicating creation of a custom data object to handle the source schema. The server may create the custom data object based on the user input. The data mapping server may automatically map one or more data fields for a source data object (e.g., based on the source schema) to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object (e.g., based on a custom schema). The server may import a set of data records stored at the data source and may store the data records in a database system according to the custom schema based on the data mapping. The stored custom data objects may be used for segmentation, activation, analysis, or some combination thereof.1. A method for data mapping, comprising:
receiving, at a data mapping server, an indication of a source schema for a data source, wherein the source schema comprises a set of data fields for a source data object; receiving, at the data mapping server, a user input indicating creation of a custom data object; creating, by the data mapping server, the custom data object based at least in part on the user input; automatically mapping, by the data mapping server, one or more data fields of the set of data fields for the source data object to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object based at least in part on the source schema; importing, from the data source, a plurality of data records stored at the data source according to the source schema; and storing, in a database system, the plurality of data records according to a custom schema, wherein the custom schema comprises the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, in the database system, the plurality of data records according to the source schema. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a second user input indicating a mapping from a data field of the set of data fields for the source data object to a custom data field of the custom data object; and updating, in the database system, the plurality of data records stored according to the custom schema based at least in part on the second user input, wherein the updating comprises:
mapping a plurality of values from the data field of the plurality of data records stored according to the source schema to the custom data field of the plurality of data records stored according to the custom schema. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the data field is initially unmapped to the custom data object based at least in part on the automatic mapping; and the plurality of values from the data field is preserved in the database system based at least in part on the storing the plurality of data records according to the source schema. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the updating is performed internal to the database system based at least in part on storing both the plurality of data records according to the custom schema and the plurality of data records according to the source schema. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a second indication of a second source schema different from the source schema for a second data source different from the data source, wherein the second source schema comprises a second set of data fields for a second source data object; receiving, at the data mapping server, a third user input indicating the custom data object; and automatically mapping, by the data mapping server, one or more data fields of the second set of data fields for the second source data object to the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object based at least in part on the second source schema. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a third indication of a third source schema different from the source schema for a third data source different from the data source, wherein the third source schema comprises a third set of data fields for a third source data object; receiving, at the data mapping server, a fourth user input indicating a standard data object; and receiving, at the data mapping server, a fifth user input indicating a mapping for one or more data fields of the third set of data fields for the third source data object to one or more standard data fields for the standard data object. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a sixth user input indicating creation of a custom data field for the standard data object and a mapping from a data field of the third set of data fields for the third source data object to the custom data field for the standard data object; creating, in the database system, the custom data field for the standard data object based at least in part on the sixth user input; and mapping, by the data mapping server, a plurality of values from the data field of the third set of data fields for the third source data object to the custom data field for the standard data object based at least in part on the sixth user input. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the custom data object further comprises:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a seventh user input; and modifying, by the data mapping server, a custom data field of the one or more custom data fields, a mapping of the automatic mapping, or a combination thereof based at least in part on the seventh user input. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein modifying the custom data field of the one or more custom data fields comprises:
changing, by the data mapping server, a label of the custom data field, a data type of the custom data field, a property of the custom data field, or a combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication of the source schema for the data source comprises:
fetching the source schema from the data source. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the indication of the source schema for the data source comprises:
receiving, at the data mapping server, an eighth user input indicating the source schema for the data source. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing data segmentation, activation, analysis, or a combination thereof based at least in part on the plurality of data records stored according to the custom schema. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, in the database system, an indication of a connection between the custom data object and a standard data object; receiving, at the database system, a query message comprising a search criterion based at least in part on the custom data object and a return value associated with the standard data object; searching the database system using the search criterion and the custom data object; and retrieving, from the database system, information from the standard data object based at least in part on the return value, the connection between the custom data object and the standard data object, and the searching. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, for display in a user interface of a user device, an indication of the automatic mapping of the one or more data fields of the set of data fields for the source data object to the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object, wherein the user input is received via the user interface of the user device. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, in the database system, an indication of a data stream from the data source to the database system according to a mapping from the source data object to the custom data object; importing, from the data source, an additional plurality of data records stored at the data source based at least in part on the data stream; and storing, in the database system, the additional plurality of data records according to the custom schema based at least in part on the mapping from the source data object to the custom data object. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server, a ninth user input indicating a refresh schedule for the data source, wherein the additional plurality of data records is imported based at least in part on the refresh schedule for the data source. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the data mapping server from a user device, a tenth user input indicating the data source; identifying an authentication procedure for the data source; transmitting, to the user device, a request for authentication information for the authentication procedure for the data source; and receiving, at the data mapping server from the user device, the authentication information, wherein the indication of the source schema for the data source is received based at least in part on performing the authentication procedure for the data source using the received authentication information. 19. An apparatus for data mapping, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication of a source schema for a data source, wherein the source schema comprises a set of data fields for a source data object;
receive a user input indicating creation of a custom data object;
create the custom data object based at least in part on the user input;
automatically map one or more data fields of the set of data fields for the source data object to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object based at least in part on the source schema;
import, from the data source, a plurality of data records stored at the data source according to the source schema; and
store, in a database system, the plurality of data records according to a custom schema, wherein the custom schema comprises the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for data mapping, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
receive an indication of a source schema for a data source, wherein the source schema comprises a set of data fields for a source data object; receive a user input indicating creation of a custom data object; create the custom data object based at least in part on the user input; automatically map one or more data fields of the set of data fields for the source data object to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object based at least in part on the source schema; import, from the data source, a plurality of data records stored at the data source according to the source schema; and store, in a database system, the plurality of data records according to a custom schema, wherein the custom schema comprises the one or more custom data fields for the custom data object. | 3,600 |
345,756 | 16,804,160 | 3,641 | A jewelry storage case comprises a first portion having a first surface and a wall extending from a periphery of the first surface; a base having a generally planar surface and positioned on the first surface of the first portion; and a plurality of projections extending upward from the planar surface of the base, the projections spaced apart from one another to receive a portion of jewelry. | 1. A jewelry storage case comprising:
a first portion having a first surface and a wall extending from a periphery of the first surface; a base having a generally planar surface and positioned on the first surface of the first portion; and a plurality of projections extending upward from the planar surface of the base, the projections spaced apart from one another to receive a portion of jewelry. 2. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, wherein each projection extends upward from the planar surface perpendicularly. 3. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, wherein each projection comprises a body connected at one end to the planar surface. 4. The jewelry storage case of claim 3, wherein an opposite end of each projection comprises a rounded head. 5. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, wherein the projections are arranged in rows and adjacent rows of the projections are offset from one another. 6. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, further comprising:
a second portion having a first surface and a wall extending from a periphery of the first surface, a first side of the second portion hingedly connected to a first side of the first portion allowing relative pivotal movement between open and closed positions, wherein in the closed position the first and second portions define an enclosed space and in the open position the first and second portions are adjacent to one another. 7. The jewelry storage case of claim 6, further comprising:
a securing mechanism selectively securing the first and second portions in the closed position. 8. The jewelry storage case of claim 6, further comprising:
a zipper extending about and selectively securing remaining sides of the first portion to corresponding remaining sides of the second portion in the closed position. 9. The jewelry storage case of claim 6, further comprising:
a blocking member positionable within the enclosed space and is dimensioned such that an end of each projection contacts the blocking member in the closed position. 10. The jewelry storage case of claim 9, wherein the blocking member is removable. 11. The jewelry storage case of claim 9, wherein the blocking member is connected to the first surface of the second portion and has a height greater than a height of the wall of the second portion. 12. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, each projection has a height equal to a height of the wall of the first portion. 13. A jewelry storage insert comprising:
a base having a generally planar surface; and a plurality of projections extending upward from the planar surface, the projections spaced apart from one another to receive a portion of jewelry. 14. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein the projections extend upward from the planar surface perpendicularly. 15. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein each projection comprises a body connected at one end to the planar surface. 16. The jewelry storage insert of claim 15, wherein an opposite end of each projection comprises a rounded head. 17. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein each projection extends through the base. 18. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein each projection is formed integrally with the base. 19. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein the projections are arranged in rows and adjacent rows of the projections are offset from one another. 20. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein a distance between each projection is 0.5 cm and each projection has a height of 2 cm. | A jewelry storage case comprises a first portion having a first surface and a wall extending from a periphery of the first surface; a base having a generally planar surface and positioned on the first surface of the first portion; and a plurality of projections extending upward from the planar surface of the base, the projections spaced apart from one another to receive a portion of jewelry.1. A jewelry storage case comprising:
a first portion having a first surface and a wall extending from a periphery of the first surface; a base having a generally planar surface and positioned on the first surface of the first portion; and a plurality of projections extending upward from the planar surface of the base, the projections spaced apart from one another to receive a portion of jewelry. 2. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, wherein each projection extends upward from the planar surface perpendicularly. 3. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, wherein each projection comprises a body connected at one end to the planar surface. 4. The jewelry storage case of claim 3, wherein an opposite end of each projection comprises a rounded head. 5. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, wherein the projections are arranged in rows and adjacent rows of the projections are offset from one another. 6. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, further comprising:
a second portion having a first surface and a wall extending from a periphery of the first surface, a first side of the second portion hingedly connected to a first side of the first portion allowing relative pivotal movement between open and closed positions, wherein in the closed position the first and second portions define an enclosed space and in the open position the first and second portions are adjacent to one another. 7. The jewelry storage case of claim 6, further comprising:
a securing mechanism selectively securing the first and second portions in the closed position. 8. The jewelry storage case of claim 6, further comprising:
a zipper extending about and selectively securing remaining sides of the first portion to corresponding remaining sides of the second portion in the closed position. 9. The jewelry storage case of claim 6, further comprising:
a blocking member positionable within the enclosed space and is dimensioned such that an end of each projection contacts the blocking member in the closed position. 10. The jewelry storage case of claim 9, wherein the blocking member is removable. 11. The jewelry storage case of claim 9, wherein the blocking member is connected to the first surface of the second portion and has a height greater than a height of the wall of the second portion. 12. The jewelry storage case of claim 1, each projection has a height equal to a height of the wall of the first portion. 13. A jewelry storage insert comprising:
a base having a generally planar surface; and a plurality of projections extending upward from the planar surface, the projections spaced apart from one another to receive a portion of jewelry. 14. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein the projections extend upward from the planar surface perpendicularly. 15. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein each projection comprises a body connected at one end to the planar surface. 16. The jewelry storage insert of claim 15, wherein an opposite end of each projection comprises a rounded head. 17. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein each projection extends through the base. 18. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein each projection is formed integrally with the base. 19. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein the projections are arranged in rows and adjacent rows of the projections are offset from one another. 20. The jewelry storage insert of claim 13, wherein a distance between each projection is 0.5 cm and each projection has a height of 2 cm. | 3,600 |
345,757 | 16,804,127 | 3,641 | Thermal imaging protection is provided by, in response to detecting input of an access code on an input device: identifying a sequence comprising the access code; generating a bait code based on the sequence; and outputting a heat signature corresponding to the bait code using heating elements, such as resistor arrays, included in the input device. In some embodiments protection includes measuring temperatures of contact surfaces of the input device where the access code has been input; and adjusting a heat level of the heating elements based on the temperatures measured. Protection is further provided by storing the bait code; and in response to receiving entry of the bait code, activating unauthorized access countermeasures. In some embodiments protection includes, in response to detecting subsequent input of the access code: generating a second, different, bait code based on the sequence; and activating the heating elements based on the second bait code. | 1. A method, comprising, in response to detecting input of an access code on an input device:
identifying a sequence comprising the access code; generating a bait code based on the sequence; and outputting a heat signature corresponding to the bait code using heating elements included in the input device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating elements include resistor arrays arranged with contact surfaces of the input device. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring temperatures of contact surfaces of the input device where the access code has been input; and wherein outputting the heat signature via the heating elements further comprises: adjusting a heat level of the heating elements based on the temperatures measured. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the input device includes a keypad, wherein the sequence includes a first series of key selections, and wherein the bait code includes a second series of key selections different from the first series of key selections. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first series of key selections includes at least one key selection shared with the second series of key selections. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a given key selected to comprise the second series of key selections is selected at least in part based on a distance of a corresponding key of the first series of key selection on the keypad related to the given key. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the input device includes a touchscreen, wherein the sequence includes a first security pattern, and wherein the bait code includes a second security pattern different from the first security pattern. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the input device includes a fingerprint scanner, wherein the sequence includes a first fingerprint, and wherein the bait code includes a second fingerprint different from the first fingerprint. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the bait code for a predefined amount of time; and in response to receiving entry of the bait code, activating an unauthorized access countermeasure. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the unauthorized access countermeasure includes at least one of:
granting access to a honeypot account; activating a camera associated with the input device; and transmitting a security alert. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response to detecting subsequent input of the access code on the input device:
generating a second bait code based on the sequence, wherein the second bait code is different from the bait code; and activating the heating elements included in the input device based on the second bait code. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence is received over a period of time, wherein the heat signature is output in response to the period of time concluding, and wherein the heating elements output multiple different heat levels based on the sequence and the period of time. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence is received over a period of time, wherein outputting the heat signature sequentially activates the heating elements during the period of time. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the bait code is a wash pattern applied to all of the heating elements of the input device. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence includes inputs to a modifier key and the bait code excludes corresponding simulated inputs to the modifier key. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a second bait code based on the sequence; and outputting a second heat signature corresponding to the second bait code via the heating elements included in the input device concurrently with outputting the heat signature. 17. A system, comprising:
a contact surface; a plurality of heating elements disposed at a plurality of locations relative to the contact surface; and a heater controller, including:
a processor; and
a memory storage device including instructions that when executed by the processor, enable the heater controller to:
detect input of an access code on the contact surface:
identify a sequence comprising the access code;
generate a bait code based on the sequence; and
output a heat signature corresponding to the bait code to the contact surface via the plurality of heating elements. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a plurality of thermistors disposed at a second plurality of locations relative to the contact surface; and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further enable the heater controller to:
measure temperatures of the contact surface at the second plurality of locations;
correlate input of the sequence to a subset of the second plurality of locations; and
adjust a heat level of the plurality of heating elements based on the temperatures measured and correlated to the subset of the second plurality of locations. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the contact surface includes at least one of:
a button face; a touchscreen; and a fingerprint scanner; and 20. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code embodied therewith, the computer-readable program code executable by one or more computer processors to:
detect input of an access code on an input device; identify a sequence comprising the access code; generate a bait code based on the sequence; and output a heat signature corresponding to the bait code via heating elements included in the input device. | Thermal imaging protection is provided by, in response to detecting input of an access code on an input device: identifying a sequence comprising the access code; generating a bait code based on the sequence; and outputting a heat signature corresponding to the bait code using heating elements, such as resistor arrays, included in the input device. In some embodiments protection includes measuring temperatures of contact surfaces of the input device where the access code has been input; and adjusting a heat level of the heating elements based on the temperatures measured. Protection is further provided by storing the bait code; and in response to receiving entry of the bait code, activating unauthorized access countermeasures. In some embodiments protection includes, in response to detecting subsequent input of the access code: generating a second, different, bait code based on the sequence; and activating the heating elements based on the second bait code.1. A method, comprising, in response to detecting input of an access code on an input device:
identifying a sequence comprising the access code; generating a bait code based on the sequence; and outputting a heat signature corresponding to the bait code using heating elements included in the input device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating elements include resistor arrays arranged with contact surfaces of the input device. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring temperatures of contact surfaces of the input device where the access code has been input; and wherein outputting the heat signature via the heating elements further comprises: adjusting a heat level of the heating elements based on the temperatures measured. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the input device includes a keypad, wherein the sequence includes a first series of key selections, and wherein the bait code includes a second series of key selections different from the first series of key selections. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first series of key selections includes at least one key selection shared with the second series of key selections. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a given key selected to comprise the second series of key selections is selected at least in part based on a distance of a corresponding key of the first series of key selection on the keypad related to the given key. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the input device includes a touchscreen, wherein the sequence includes a first security pattern, and wherein the bait code includes a second security pattern different from the first security pattern. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the input device includes a fingerprint scanner, wherein the sequence includes a first fingerprint, and wherein the bait code includes a second fingerprint different from the first fingerprint. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the bait code for a predefined amount of time; and in response to receiving entry of the bait code, activating an unauthorized access countermeasure. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the unauthorized access countermeasure includes at least one of:
granting access to a honeypot account; activating a camera associated with the input device; and transmitting a security alert. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response to detecting subsequent input of the access code on the input device:
generating a second bait code based on the sequence, wherein the second bait code is different from the bait code; and activating the heating elements included in the input device based on the second bait code. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence is received over a period of time, wherein the heat signature is output in response to the period of time concluding, and wherein the heating elements output multiple different heat levels based on the sequence and the period of time. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence is received over a period of time, wherein outputting the heat signature sequentially activates the heating elements during the period of time. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the bait code is a wash pattern applied to all of the heating elements of the input device. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence includes inputs to a modifier key and the bait code excludes corresponding simulated inputs to the modifier key. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a second bait code based on the sequence; and outputting a second heat signature corresponding to the second bait code via the heating elements included in the input device concurrently with outputting the heat signature. 17. A system, comprising:
a contact surface; a plurality of heating elements disposed at a plurality of locations relative to the contact surface; and a heater controller, including:
a processor; and
a memory storage device including instructions that when executed by the processor, enable the heater controller to:
detect input of an access code on the contact surface:
identify a sequence comprising the access code;
generate a bait code based on the sequence; and
output a heat signature corresponding to the bait code to the contact surface via the plurality of heating elements. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a plurality of thermistors disposed at a second plurality of locations relative to the contact surface; and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further enable the heater controller to:
measure temperatures of the contact surface at the second plurality of locations;
correlate input of the sequence to a subset of the second plurality of locations; and
adjust a heat level of the plurality of heating elements based on the temperatures measured and correlated to the subset of the second plurality of locations. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the contact surface includes at least one of:
a button face; a touchscreen; and a fingerprint scanner; and 20. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code embodied therewith, the computer-readable program code executable by one or more computer processors to:
detect input of an access code on an input device; identify a sequence comprising the access code; generate a bait code based on the sequence; and output a heat signature corresponding to the bait code via heating elements included in the input device. | 3,600 |
345,758 | 16,804,159 | 3,641 | A substrate inspection apparatus includes: a storage configured to store inspection image data obtained from a captured image of a periphery of a substrate on which a plurality of films is formed, and an inspection recipe; and an edge detector configured to detect a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage by using the inspection recipe stored in the storage. Each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate. The inspection recipe is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options. | 1. A substrate inspection apparatus comprising:
a storage configured to store inspection image data obtained from a captured image of a periphery of a substrate on which a plurality of films is formed, and an inspection recipe; and an edge detector configured to detect a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage by using the inspection recipe stored in the storage, wherein each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate, and the inspection recipe is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options. 2. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inspection recipe is configured by combining the parameters each of which has the one option specified by an operation input from an operator. 3. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage is configured to store a detection region preset as a region where edge detection by the edge detector is performed, and
the edge detector is configured to detect a portion of the target edge located within the detection region by using the inspection recipe and the detection region stored in the storage. 4. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an edge corrector configured to perform a correction processing of excluding data outside the detection region, from a detection result obtained by the edge detector, wherein the storage is configured to store a detection region preset as a region where edge detection by the edge detector is performed. 5. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an edge corrector configured to perform a correction processing of calculating a difference between a reference line calculated by smoothing a data sequence of the target edge detected by the edge detector, and each data piece included in the data sequence, and excluding a data piece in which the difference is larger than a predetermined threshold from data pieces. 6. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the films include a pre-step film formed prior to the inspection target film,
the storage is configured to store pre-step image data obtained by imaging the periphery of the substrate before formation of the inspection target film after formation of the pre-step film, and the edge detector is configured to detect the target edge by comparing information indicating each of the edges of the films included in the inspection image data and information indicating an edge of the pre-step film included in the pre-step image data. 7. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage is configured to store a search range that defines a range in which a search for the target edge in an intersecting direction that intersects with the edges of the films included in the captured image is performed,
the edge detector is configured to detect the target edge within the search range on the basis of the inspection image data and the search range stored in the storage by using the inspection recipe stored in the storage, and a size of the search range is set according to a variation range of the target edge in the intersecting direction. 8. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parameters include at least one selected from a group including a conversion parameter indicating a conversion condition for converting color attributes of the inspection image data, a search direction parameter indicating a direction in which a search for the target edge is performed, a priority parameter indicating a priority for selecting the target edge which is one out of the edges of the films, and a filter parameter indicating whether to use filtering for removing an influence of a disturbance included in the target edge. 9. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a periphery calculator configured to calculate a position of a theoretical periphery of the substrate; and a width calculator configured to calculate a width between the theoretical periphery of the substrate and the target edge on the basis of position data of the theoretical periphery of the substrate obtained in the periphery calculator and position data of the target edge obtained in the edge detector. 10. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the periphery calculator is configured to calculate a position of a theoretical periphery of a reference substrate obtained with respect to a center of the reference substrate, as the position of the theoretical periphery of the substrate. 11. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the periphery calculator is configured to execute a process including:
calculating position data of a reference position preset on the reference substrate on the basis of reference image data obtained from a captured image of a periphery of the reference substrate; calculating a difference between a design dimension of a radius of the substrate, and a distance from the center of the reference substrate to the reference position; and calculating position data of the theoretical periphery of the reference substrate on the basis of the position data of the reference position and the difference. 12. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the periphery calculator is configured to execute a process including:
calculating position data of the periphery of the substrate on the basis of the inspection image data; calculating an eccentric state of the substrate on the basis of the position data of the periphery of the substrate; and calculating the position data of the theoretical periphery of the substrate in consideration of the eccentric state of the substrate. 13. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the periphery calculator is configured to calculate position data of the periphery of the substrate on the basis of the inspection image data, and
the width calculator is configured to calculate a width between the periphery of the substrate and the target edge on the basis of the position data of the periphery of the substrate obtained in the periphery calculator, and the position data of the target edge obtained in the edge detector. 14. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a film forming processor configured to form a plurality of films on a substrate; an image capture unit configured to acquire a captured image by imaging a periphery of the substrate; and a controller configured to inspect a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the plurality of films, wherein the controller includes:
a storage configured to store inspection image data obtained from the captured image, and an inspection recipe; and
an edge detector configured to detect the target edge on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage by using the inspection recipe stored in the storage,
wherein each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate, and the inspection recipe is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options. 15. A substrate processing apparatus comprising
a film forming processor configured to form a plurality of films on a substrate; an image capture unit configured to acquire a captured image by imaging a periphery of the substrate; and a controller configured to inspect a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the films, wherein the controller includes:
a storage configured to store inspection image data obtained from the captured image, a first inspection recipe, and a second inspection recipe; and
an edge detector configured to detect a first target edge as an edge of one inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage, by using the first inspection recipe stored in the storage, and configured to detect a second target edge as an edge of another inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage, by using the second inspection recipe stored in the storage,
wherein each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate, each of the first and second inspection recipes is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options, and a combination of the parameters constituting the first inspection recipe is different from a combination of the parameters constituting the second inspection recipe. 16. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the film forming processor includes a first nozzle that ejects a processing liquid for forming the first target edge, and a second nozzle that ejects a processing liquid for forming the second target edge, and
the controller further includes an edge position adjustor configured to adjust a relative position between each of the first and second nozzles and a separate substrate when the processing liquid is ejected, on the basis of detection results of the first and second target edges, such that positions of edges which correspond to the first and second target edges and are included in a plurality of films to be formed on the separate substrate in the film forming processor approach target values after the films including the first and second target edges are formed. 17. A substrate inspection method comprising:
generating inspection image data from a captured image of a periphery of a substrate on which a plurality of films is formed; and detecting a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data by using an inspection recipe, wherein each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate, and the inspection recipe is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded therein a program for causing a substrate inspection apparatus to execute the substrate inspection method according to claim 17. | A substrate inspection apparatus includes: a storage configured to store inspection image data obtained from a captured image of a periphery of a substrate on which a plurality of films is formed, and an inspection recipe; and an edge detector configured to detect a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage by using the inspection recipe stored in the storage. Each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate. The inspection recipe is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options.1. A substrate inspection apparatus comprising:
a storage configured to store inspection image data obtained from a captured image of a periphery of a substrate on which a plurality of films is formed, and an inspection recipe; and an edge detector configured to detect a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage by using the inspection recipe stored in the storage, wherein each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate, and the inspection recipe is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options. 2. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inspection recipe is configured by combining the parameters each of which has the one option specified by an operation input from an operator. 3. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage is configured to store a detection region preset as a region where edge detection by the edge detector is performed, and
the edge detector is configured to detect a portion of the target edge located within the detection region by using the inspection recipe and the detection region stored in the storage. 4. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an edge corrector configured to perform a correction processing of excluding data outside the detection region, from a detection result obtained by the edge detector, wherein the storage is configured to store a detection region preset as a region where edge detection by the edge detector is performed. 5. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an edge corrector configured to perform a correction processing of calculating a difference between a reference line calculated by smoothing a data sequence of the target edge detected by the edge detector, and each data piece included in the data sequence, and excluding a data piece in which the difference is larger than a predetermined threshold from data pieces. 6. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the films include a pre-step film formed prior to the inspection target film,
the storage is configured to store pre-step image data obtained by imaging the periphery of the substrate before formation of the inspection target film after formation of the pre-step film, and the edge detector is configured to detect the target edge by comparing information indicating each of the edges of the films included in the inspection image data and information indicating an edge of the pre-step film included in the pre-step image data. 7. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage is configured to store a search range that defines a range in which a search for the target edge in an intersecting direction that intersects with the edges of the films included in the captured image is performed,
the edge detector is configured to detect the target edge within the search range on the basis of the inspection image data and the search range stored in the storage by using the inspection recipe stored in the storage, and a size of the search range is set according to a variation range of the target edge in the intersecting direction. 8. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parameters include at least one selected from a group including a conversion parameter indicating a conversion condition for converting color attributes of the inspection image data, a search direction parameter indicating a direction in which a search for the target edge is performed, a priority parameter indicating a priority for selecting the target edge which is one out of the edges of the films, and a filter parameter indicating whether to use filtering for removing an influence of a disturbance included in the target edge. 9. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a periphery calculator configured to calculate a position of a theoretical periphery of the substrate; and a width calculator configured to calculate a width between the theoretical periphery of the substrate and the target edge on the basis of position data of the theoretical periphery of the substrate obtained in the periphery calculator and position data of the target edge obtained in the edge detector. 10. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the periphery calculator is configured to calculate a position of a theoretical periphery of a reference substrate obtained with respect to a center of the reference substrate, as the position of the theoretical periphery of the substrate. 11. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the periphery calculator is configured to execute a process including:
calculating position data of a reference position preset on the reference substrate on the basis of reference image data obtained from a captured image of a periphery of the reference substrate; calculating a difference between a design dimension of a radius of the substrate, and a distance from the center of the reference substrate to the reference position; and calculating position data of the theoretical periphery of the reference substrate on the basis of the position data of the reference position and the difference. 12. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the periphery calculator is configured to execute a process including:
calculating position data of the periphery of the substrate on the basis of the inspection image data; calculating an eccentric state of the substrate on the basis of the position data of the periphery of the substrate; and calculating the position data of the theoretical periphery of the substrate in consideration of the eccentric state of the substrate. 13. The substrate inspection apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the periphery calculator is configured to calculate position data of the periphery of the substrate on the basis of the inspection image data, and
the width calculator is configured to calculate a width between the periphery of the substrate and the target edge on the basis of the position data of the periphery of the substrate obtained in the periphery calculator, and the position data of the target edge obtained in the edge detector. 14. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a film forming processor configured to form a plurality of films on a substrate; an image capture unit configured to acquire a captured image by imaging a periphery of the substrate; and a controller configured to inspect a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the plurality of films, wherein the controller includes:
a storage configured to store inspection image data obtained from the captured image, and an inspection recipe; and
an edge detector configured to detect the target edge on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage by using the inspection recipe stored in the storage,
wherein each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate, and the inspection recipe is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options. 15. A substrate processing apparatus comprising
a film forming processor configured to form a plurality of films on a substrate; an image capture unit configured to acquire a captured image by imaging a periphery of the substrate; and a controller configured to inspect a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the films, wherein the controller includes:
a storage configured to store inspection image data obtained from the captured image, a first inspection recipe, and a second inspection recipe; and
an edge detector configured to detect a first target edge as an edge of one inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage, by using the first inspection recipe stored in the storage, and configured to detect a second target edge as an edge of another inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data stored in the storage, by using the second inspection recipe stored in the storage,
wherein each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate, each of the first and second inspection recipes is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options, and a combination of the parameters constituting the first inspection recipe is different from a combination of the parameters constituting the second inspection recipe. 16. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the film forming processor includes a first nozzle that ejects a processing liquid for forming the first target edge, and a second nozzle that ejects a processing liquid for forming the second target edge, and
the controller further includes an edge position adjustor configured to adjust a relative position between each of the first and second nozzles and a separate substrate when the processing liquid is ejected, on the basis of detection results of the first and second target edges, such that positions of edges which correspond to the first and second target edges and are included in a plurality of films to be formed on the separate substrate in the film forming processor approach target values after the films including the first and second target edges are formed. 17. A substrate inspection method comprising:
generating inspection image data from a captured image of a periphery of a substrate on which a plurality of films is formed; and detecting a target edge as an edge of an inspection target film among the films on the basis of the inspection image data by using an inspection recipe, wherein each of edges of the films extends along the periphery of the substrate, and the inspection recipe is configured by combining parameters each of which has one option specified among a plurality of options. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded therein a program for causing a substrate inspection apparatus to execute the substrate inspection method according to claim 17. | 3,600 |
345,759 | 16,804,092 | 3,641 | The application pertains to methods of treating and/or preventing actinic keratosis, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of KX-01, | 1. A method of treating and/or preventing actinic keratosis comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of KX-01: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered to an affected area of the subject at a dose from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg, from about 0.2 mg to about 5 mg, or from about 0.5 mg to about 2.5 mg. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered to an affected area of the subject at a dose of about 0.2 mg, about 0.3 mg, about 0.4 mg, about 0.5 mg, about 0.6 mg, about 0.7 mg, about 0.8 mg, about 0.9 mg, about 1 mg, about 1.1 mg, about 1.2 mg, about 1.3 mg, about 1.4 mg, about 1.5 mg, about 1.6 mg, about 1.7 mg, about 1.8 mg, about 1.9 mg, about 2.0 mg, about 2.1 mg, about 2.2 mg, about 2.3 mg, about 2.4 mg, about 2.5 mg, about 2.6 mg, about 2.7 mg, about 2.8 mg, about 2.9 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, or about 5 mg. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered to an affected area of the subject at a dose from about 0.0003 mg/cm2 to about 10 mg/cm2, from about 0.001 mg/cm2 to about 0.4 mg/cm2, from about 0.005 mg/cm2 to about 0.1 mg/cm2, from about 0.005 mg/cm2 to about 0.02 mg/cm2, or from about 0.025 mg/cm2 to about 0.1 mg/cm2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered to an affected area of the subject at a dose of about 0.001 mg/cm2, about 0.002 mg/cm2, about 0.003 mg/cm2, about 0.004 mg/cm2, about 0.005 mg/cm2, about 0.006 mg/cm2, about 0.007 mg/cm2, about 0.008 mg/cm2, about 0.009 mg/cm2, about 0.01 mg/cm2, about 0.02 mg/cm2, about 0.03 mg/cm2, about 0.04 mg/cm2, about 0.05 mg/cm2, about 0.06 mg/cm2, about 0.07 mg/cm2, about 0.08 mg/cm2, about 0.09 mg/cm2, about 0.1 mg/cm2, about 0.15 mg/cm2, about 0.2 mg/cm2, about 0.25 mg/cm2, about 0.3 mg/cm2, about 0.35 mg/cm2, or about 0.4 mg/cm2. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the affected area is about 0.01 cm2 to about 300 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 200 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 100 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 75 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 50 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 25 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 200 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 100 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 75 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 50 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 25 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 200 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 100 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 75 cm2, or about 25 cm2 to about 50 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 90 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 80 cm2, or about 25 cm2 to about 70 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 60 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 40 cm2, or about 25 cm2 to about 30 cm2. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the affected area is about 25 cm2, about 30 cm2, about 35 cm2, about 40 cm2, about 45 cm2, about 50 cm2, about 55 cm2, about 60 cm2, about 65 cm2, about 70 cm2, about 75 cm2, about 80 cm2, about 85 cm2, about 90 cm2, about 95 cm2, or about 100 cm2. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the affected area is the skin. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once a week, once every three days, once every two days, once a day, twice a day, three times a day, or four times a day. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 days. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 days per week. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily continuously for more than one day per week, followed by discontinuation of the administration for the rest of the week. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily every other day, every three days, every four days, every five days, every six days, or every seven days. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily for two days in a row every three days, every four days, every five days, every six days, or every seven days. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily for three days in a row every four days, every five days, every six days, or every seven days. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily for four days in a row every five days, every six days, or every seven days. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered until the actinic keratosis is fully treated. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered topically. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of KX-01 reduces the number and/or severity of, or the number of the subjects that have, local skin reactions or other adverse side effects in the subject compared to other treatments of actinic keratosis. | The application pertains to methods of treating and/or preventing actinic keratosis, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of KX-01,1. A method of treating and/or preventing actinic keratosis comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of KX-01: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered to an affected area of the subject at a dose from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg, from about 0.2 mg to about 5 mg, or from about 0.5 mg to about 2.5 mg. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered to an affected area of the subject at a dose of about 0.2 mg, about 0.3 mg, about 0.4 mg, about 0.5 mg, about 0.6 mg, about 0.7 mg, about 0.8 mg, about 0.9 mg, about 1 mg, about 1.1 mg, about 1.2 mg, about 1.3 mg, about 1.4 mg, about 1.5 mg, about 1.6 mg, about 1.7 mg, about 1.8 mg, about 1.9 mg, about 2.0 mg, about 2.1 mg, about 2.2 mg, about 2.3 mg, about 2.4 mg, about 2.5 mg, about 2.6 mg, about 2.7 mg, about 2.8 mg, about 2.9 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, or about 5 mg. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered to an affected area of the subject at a dose from about 0.0003 mg/cm2 to about 10 mg/cm2, from about 0.001 mg/cm2 to about 0.4 mg/cm2, from about 0.005 mg/cm2 to about 0.1 mg/cm2, from about 0.005 mg/cm2 to about 0.02 mg/cm2, or from about 0.025 mg/cm2 to about 0.1 mg/cm2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered to an affected area of the subject at a dose of about 0.001 mg/cm2, about 0.002 mg/cm2, about 0.003 mg/cm2, about 0.004 mg/cm2, about 0.005 mg/cm2, about 0.006 mg/cm2, about 0.007 mg/cm2, about 0.008 mg/cm2, about 0.009 mg/cm2, about 0.01 mg/cm2, about 0.02 mg/cm2, about 0.03 mg/cm2, about 0.04 mg/cm2, about 0.05 mg/cm2, about 0.06 mg/cm2, about 0.07 mg/cm2, about 0.08 mg/cm2, about 0.09 mg/cm2, about 0.1 mg/cm2, about 0.15 mg/cm2, about 0.2 mg/cm2, about 0.25 mg/cm2, about 0.3 mg/cm2, about 0.35 mg/cm2, or about 0.4 mg/cm2. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the affected area is about 0.01 cm2 to about 300 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 200 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 100 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 75 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 50 cm2, about 1 cm2 to about 25 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 200 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 100 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 75 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 50 cm2, about 10 cm2 to about 25 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 200 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 100 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 75 cm2, or about 25 cm2 to about 50 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 90 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 80 cm2, or about 25 cm2 to about 70 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 60 cm2, about 25 cm2 to about 40 cm2, or about 25 cm2 to about 30 cm2. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the affected area is about 25 cm2, about 30 cm2, about 35 cm2, about 40 cm2, about 45 cm2, about 50 cm2, about 55 cm2, about 60 cm2, about 65 cm2, about 70 cm2, about 75 cm2, about 80 cm2, about 85 cm2, about 90 cm2, about 95 cm2, or about 100 cm2. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the affected area is the skin. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once a week, once every three days, once every two days, once a day, twice a day, three times a day, or four times a day. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 days. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 days per week. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily continuously for more than one day per week, followed by discontinuation of the administration for the rest of the week. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily every other day, every three days, every four days, every five days, every six days, or every seven days. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily for two days in a row every three days, every four days, every five days, every six days, or every seven days. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily for three days in a row every four days, every five days, every six days, or every seven days. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered once or twice daily for four days in a row every five days, every six days, or every seven days. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered until the actinic keratosis is fully treated. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein KX-01 is administered topically. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of KX-01 reduces the number and/or severity of, or the number of the subjects that have, local skin reactions or other adverse side effects in the subject compared to other treatments of actinic keratosis. | 3,600 |
345,760 | 16,804,165 | 3,641 | According to one aspect of the disclosure an electronic device comprises a foldable housing including: a hinge structure, a first housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and including a first face and a second face opposite the first face, and a second housing structure connected to the hinge structure and including a third face and a fourth face opposite the third face, the second housing structure being configured to be rotated about the hinge structure; a flexible display extending over the first face and over the third face; at least one sensor disposed within the foldable housing, and configured to sense an angle formed between the first face and the third face; a first haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; a second haptic actuator disposed within the second housing structure; at least one processor disposed within the first housing structure or the second housing structure, and operatively connected to the flexible display, the at least one sensor, the first haptic actuator, and the second haptic actuator. The at least one processor may detect a folding state of the foldable housing using the at least one sensor, and independently control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator based on at least part of the detected folding state. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a foldable housing including:
a hinge structure,
a first housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and including a first face and a second face opposite the first face, and
a second housing structure connected to the hinge structure and including a third face and a fourth face opposite the third face, the second housing structure being configured to be rotated about the hinge structure;
a flexible display extending over the first face and over the third face; at least one sensor disposed within the foldable housing, and configured to sense an angle formed between the first face and the third face; a first haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; a second haptic actuator disposed within the second housing structure; at least one processor disposed within the first housing structure or the second housing structure, and operatively connected to the flexible display, the at least one sensor, the first haptic actuator, and the second haptic actuator, wherein the at least one processor is configured to detect a folding state of the foldable housing using the at least one sensor, and to independently control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator based on at least part of the detected folding state. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor controls the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator differently when the folding state of the foldable housing is not in an unfolded state. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor controls the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator when the folding state of the foldable housing is in the folded state such that a vibration output from the first haptic actuator and a vibration output from the second haptic actuator are opposite each other in phase. 4. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor controls the second haptic actuator to output a phase-shifted vibration compared with the first haptic actuator in response to an operation in which the foldable housing is changed from the folded state to the unfolded state. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor controls the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator in a same manner when the folding state of the foldable housing is not in the folded state. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor controls the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator by controlling a frequency, signal intensity, a signal phase, or whether to activate a signal. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor includes an angle sensor connected to the hinge structure so as to sense a position of the third face relative to the first face. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor includes a proximity sensor disposed in the first housing structure or the second housing structure. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator are configured to be spaced apart from each other with the hinge structure between the first actuator and the second actuator when the foldable housing is in the unfolded state, and
the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator are configured to face each other when the foldable housing is in the unfolded state. 10. An electronic device comprising:
a foldable housing including a hinge structure, a first housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and a second housing structure connected to the hinge structure, the second housing structure being configured to be rotatable about the hinge structure relative to the first housing structure; a flexible display disposed to extend from the first housing structure to the second housing structure; at least one sensor disposed within the foldable housing and configured to detect rotation of the second housing structure relative to the first housing structure; a first haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; a second haptic actuator disposed within the second housing structure; a processor disposed within the first housing structure or the second housing structure, and operatively connected to the display, the at least one sensor, the first haptic actuator, and the second haptic actuator; and a memory operatively connected to the processor. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform control such that:
when a deviation of an angle formed by the first housing structure and the second housing structure from flat is within a threshold, the first haptic actuator receives a first haptic signal from the at least one processor and performs a first operation and the second haptic actuator receives a second haptic signal from the at least one processor and performs a second operation, and when the deviation exceeds the threshold, the first haptic actuator receives a third haptic signal from the processor and performs a third operation and the second haptic actuator receives a fourth haptic signal from the processor and performs a fourth operation, and the first haptic signal and the third haptic signal are the same. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the first haptic signal and the second haptic signal are the same, and
the third haptic signal and the fourth haptic signal are opposite each other in phase. 13. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform control such that:
the third haptic signal provides a signal having stronger intensity than the first haptic signal, and the fourth haptic signal provides a signal having stronger intensity than the second haptic signal, and wherein the third haptic signal and the fourth haptic signal are opposite each other in phase. 14. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, are configured to cause the processor to perform control such that, in an operation of changing the foldable housing from the folded state to the unfolded state, the second haptic signal provides a signal phase-shifted with respect to the first haptic signal in response to the rotation. 15. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the flexible display includes an active area, which includes a first area corresponding to the first housing structure and a second area corresponding to the second housing structure, and
the memory stores instructions that, when executed, are cause the at least one processor to differentially control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator depending on presence/absence of a touch input in any one of the first area and the second area. 16. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the flexible display includes an active area, which includes a first area corresponding to the first housing structure and a second area corresponding to the second housing structure, and
the memory stores instructions that, when executed, are configured to cause the processor to differentially control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator depending on a type of an application executed in any one of the first area and the second area. 17. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator are configured to be spaced apart from each other with the hinge structure interposed therebetween when the foldable housing is in an unfolded state, and
the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator are disposed to face each other when the foldable housing is in the folded state. 18. An electronic device comprising:
a foldable housing including: a hinge structure, a first housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and including a first face and a second face opposite the first face, and a second housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and including a third face and a fourth face opposite the third face; a first display positioned on the first face; a second display positioned on the third face; at least one sensor disposed within the foldable housing, and configured to detect a folding state of the foldable housing; a first haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; a second haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; at least one processor disposed within the first housing structure or the second housing structure, and operatively connected to the display, the at least one sensor, the first haptic actuator, and the second haptic actuator; and a memory operatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to detect the folding state of the foldable housing using the at least one sensor, and to independently control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator based on at least part of the detected folded state. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the instructions cause the at least one processor to differently control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator when the foldable housing is not in an unfolded state. 20. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the instructions cause the at least one processor to control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator in a same manner when the foldable housing is not in the folded state. | According to one aspect of the disclosure an electronic device comprises a foldable housing including: a hinge structure, a first housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and including a first face and a second face opposite the first face, and a second housing structure connected to the hinge structure and including a third face and a fourth face opposite the third face, the second housing structure being configured to be rotated about the hinge structure; a flexible display extending over the first face and over the third face; at least one sensor disposed within the foldable housing, and configured to sense an angle formed between the first face and the third face; a first haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; a second haptic actuator disposed within the second housing structure; at least one processor disposed within the first housing structure or the second housing structure, and operatively connected to the flexible display, the at least one sensor, the first haptic actuator, and the second haptic actuator. The at least one processor may detect a folding state of the foldable housing using the at least one sensor, and independently control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator based on at least part of the detected folding state.1. An electronic device comprising:
a foldable housing including:
a hinge structure,
a first housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and including a first face and a second face opposite the first face, and
a second housing structure connected to the hinge structure and including a third face and a fourth face opposite the third face, the second housing structure being configured to be rotated about the hinge structure;
a flexible display extending over the first face and over the third face; at least one sensor disposed within the foldable housing, and configured to sense an angle formed between the first face and the third face; a first haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; a second haptic actuator disposed within the second housing structure; at least one processor disposed within the first housing structure or the second housing structure, and operatively connected to the flexible display, the at least one sensor, the first haptic actuator, and the second haptic actuator, wherein the at least one processor is configured to detect a folding state of the foldable housing using the at least one sensor, and to independently control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator based on at least part of the detected folding state. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor controls the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator differently when the folding state of the foldable housing is not in an unfolded state. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor controls the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator when the folding state of the foldable housing is in the folded state such that a vibration output from the first haptic actuator and a vibration output from the second haptic actuator are opposite each other in phase. 4. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor controls the second haptic actuator to output a phase-shifted vibration compared with the first haptic actuator in response to an operation in which the foldable housing is changed from the folded state to the unfolded state. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor controls the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator in a same manner when the folding state of the foldable housing is not in the folded state. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor controls the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator by controlling a frequency, signal intensity, a signal phase, or whether to activate a signal. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor includes an angle sensor connected to the hinge structure so as to sense a position of the third face relative to the first face. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor includes a proximity sensor disposed in the first housing structure or the second housing structure. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator are configured to be spaced apart from each other with the hinge structure between the first actuator and the second actuator when the foldable housing is in the unfolded state, and
the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator are configured to face each other when the foldable housing is in the unfolded state. 10. An electronic device comprising:
a foldable housing including a hinge structure, a first housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and a second housing structure connected to the hinge structure, the second housing structure being configured to be rotatable about the hinge structure relative to the first housing structure; a flexible display disposed to extend from the first housing structure to the second housing structure; at least one sensor disposed within the foldable housing and configured to detect rotation of the second housing structure relative to the first housing structure; a first haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; a second haptic actuator disposed within the second housing structure; a processor disposed within the first housing structure or the second housing structure, and operatively connected to the display, the at least one sensor, the first haptic actuator, and the second haptic actuator; and a memory operatively connected to the processor. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform control such that:
when a deviation of an angle formed by the first housing structure and the second housing structure from flat is within a threshold, the first haptic actuator receives a first haptic signal from the at least one processor and performs a first operation and the second haptic actuator receives a second haptic signal from the at least one processor and performs a second operation, and when the deviation exceeds the threshold, the first haptic actuator receives a third haptic signal from the processor and performs a third operation and the second haptic actuator receives a fourth haptic signal from the processor and performs a fourth operation, and the first haptic signal and the third haptic signal are the same. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the first haptic signal and the second haptic signal are the same, and
the third haptic signal and the fourth haptic signal are opposite each other in phase. 13. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform control such that:
the third haptic signal provides a signal having stronger intensity than the first haptic signal, and the fourth haptic signal provides a signal having stronger intensity than the second haptic signal, and wherein the third haptic signal and the fourth haptic signal are opposite each other in phase. 14. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, are configured to cause the processor to perform control such that, in an operation of changing the foldable housing from the folded state to the unfolded state, the second haptic signal provides a signal phase-shifted with respect to the first haptic signal in response to the rotation. 15. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the flexible display includes an active area, which includes a first area corresponding to the first housing structure and a second area corresponding to the second housing structure, and
the memory stores instructions that, when executed, are cause the at least one processor to differentially control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator depending on presence/absence of a touch input in any one of the first area and the second area. 16. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the flexible display includes an active area, which includes a first area corresponding to the first housing structure and a second area corresponding to the second housing structure, and
the memory stores instructions that, when executed, are configured to cause the processor to differentially control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator depending on a type of an application executed in any one of the first area and the second area. 17. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator are configured to be spaced apart from each other with the hinge structure interposed therebetween when the foldable housing is in an unfolded state, and
the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator are disposed to face each other when the foldable housing is in the folded state. 18. An electronic device comprising:
a foldable housing including: a hinge structure, a first housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and including a first face and a second face opposite the first face, and a second housing structure connected to the hinge structure, and including a third face and a fourth face opposite the third face; a first display positioned on the first face; a second display positioned on the third face; at least one sensor disposed within the foldable housing, and configured to detect a folding state of the foldable housing; a first haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; a second haptic actuator disposed within the first housing structure; at least one processor disposed within the first housing structure or the second housing structure, and operatively connected to the display, the at least one sensor, the first haptic actuator, and the second haptic actuator; and a memory operatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to detect the folding state of the foldable housing using the at least one sensor, and to independently control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator based on at least part of the detected folded state. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the instructions cause the at least one processor to differently control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator when the foldable housing is not in an unfolded state. 20. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the instructions cause the at least one processor to control the first haptic actuator and the second haptic actuator in a same manner when the foldable housing is not in the folded state. | 3,600 |
345,761 | 16,804,198 | 3,641 | An optical sensor device has a transmission unit for emitting light, a receiving unit for light emitted by the transmission unit, and an evaluation unit for evaluating a receive signal, which is based on the received light, wherein the emitted light is designed as a light pulse which is based on a transmission signal, which has a signal shape with a rising and/or falling flank, wherein the receive signal has substantially the same signal shape as the transmission signal, wherein the evaluation unit is suitable for scanning the receive signal at at least one scanning point in its rising and/or falling flank. | 1. An optical sensor device (10), having a transmission unit (24) for emitting light, a receiving unit (26) for light emitted by the transmission unit (24), and an evaluation unit (30) for evaluating a receive signal (50 a-50 c) which is based on the received light, wherein the emitted light is designed as a light pulse which is based on a transmission signal (44), which has a signal shape with a rising and/or falling flank, wherein the receive signal (50 a-50 c) has substantially the same signal shape as the transmission signal (44), wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for scanning the receive signal (50 a-50 c) at at least one scanning point (52 a-52 n) in its rising and/or falling flank. 2. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one scanning point (52 a-52 n) is fixed in time in a scanning operation. 3. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with respect to time is allocated to a low transmission current in a transmission path (12). 4. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with respect to time is allocated to a high transmission current in a transmission path (12). 5. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein a signal shape of the transmission signal (44) and of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is triangular, trapezoid, parabolic or sinusoidal. 6. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for scanning the receive signal (50 a-50 c) at at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in its rising flank and/or at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in its falling flank. 7. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is amplifiable for the scanning at a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with allocated low transmission current, and/or the receive signal (50 a-50 c) can be decreased for the scanning at a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with allocated high transmission current. 8. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 7, wherein an amplification of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) and/or a diminution of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is constant in time. 9. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the sensor device (10) is suitable for terminating the transmission signal (44) when the evaluation unit (30) has scanned an evaluable scanning point (52 a-52 n). 10. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for determining a slope of the flank upon scanning at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in the rising flank and/or upon scanning at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in the falling flank. 11. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 10, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for discarding, when determining the slope of the flank, at least one of the two scanning values (S1-Sn) for which its determined slope deviates from a remaining slope of the flank more or less than a corresponding threshold. 12. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (30) suitable for determining whether the at least one scanned scanning point (52 a-52 n) is sufficient to determine a valid sensor signal (S). 13. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for scanning at least one further scanning point (53) which is temporally offset from the receive signal (50 a-50 c) to be scanned and for taking into account a scanning value (D) allocated to a further scanning point (53) upon a determination of a sensor signal (S). 14. A method for operating a sensor device, having the following steps:
emitting (S10) light; receiving (S12) the emitted light; and evaluation (S16) of a receive signal (44) which is based on the light received; wherein the light emitted is designed as a light pulse which is based on a transmission signal (44) which has a signal shape with a rising and/or falling flank, wherein the receive signal (50 a-50 c) has substantially the same signal shape as the transmission signal (44); and wherein the evaluation (S16) of a receive signal (50 a-50 c) involves scanning (S16 a) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) at at least one scanning point (52 a-52 n) in its rising and/or falling flank. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one scanning point (52 a-52 n) is fixed in time in a scanning process. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein a scanning point (52 a-52 n) is allocated with respect to time to a low transmission current in a transmission path (12). 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein a scanning point (52 a-52 n) is allocated with respect to time to a high transmission current in a transmission path (12). 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein a signal shape of the transmission signal (44) or of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is triangular, trapezoid, parabolic or sinusoidal. 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein the evaluation (S16) of a receive signal (50 a-50 c) involves scanning (S16a) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) at at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in its rising flank and/or at at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in its falling flank. 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is amplified for the scanning at a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with allocated low transmission current and/or the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is decreased for the scanning at a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with allocated high transmission current. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein an amplification of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) and/or a diminution of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is carried out constant in time. 22. The method according to claim 14, wherein the transmission signal (44) is terminated when an evaluable scanning point (52 a-52 n) has been scanned. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the evaluation (S16) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) further involves determining (S16 c) a slope of the flank upon scanning at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in the rising flank and/or upon scanning at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in the falling flank. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the evaluation (S16) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) further involves discarding (S16 e) upon determining (S16 e) the slope of the flank of at least one of the two scanning values (S1-Sn) for which its determined slope deviates from a remaining slope of the flank more or less than a corresponding threshold value. 25. The method according to claim 14, wherein the evaluation (S16) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) further involves determining whether the at least one scanned scanning point (52 a-52 n) is sufficient for determining a valid sensor signal (S). 26. The method according to claim 14, wherein the evaluation (S16) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) further involves scanning (S16 b) at at least one further scanning point (52) which is temporally offset from the receive signal to be scanned (50 a-50 c), and involves taking into account (S16 b) a scanning value (D) allocated to the at least one further scanning point (52) upon determining a sensor signal (S). 27. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program comprising a set of computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by the computer, carries out steps of the method according to claim 14 to operate an optical sensor device (10). | An optical sensor device has a transmission unit for emitting light, a receiving unit for light emitted by the transmission unit, and an evaluation unit for evaluating a receive signal, which is based on the received light, wherein the emitted light is designed as a light pulse which is based on a transmission signal, which has a signal shape with a rising and/or falling flank, wherein the receive signal has substantially the same signal shape as the transmission signal, wherein the evaluation unit is suitable for scanning the receive signal at at least one scanning point in its rising and/or falling flank.1. An optical sensor device (10), having a transmission unit (24) for emitting light, a receiving unit (26) for light emitted by the transmission unit (24), and an evaluation unit (30) for evaluating a receive signal (50 a-50 c) which is based on the received light, wherein the emitted light is designed as a light pulse which is based on a transmission signal (44), which has a signal shape with a rising and/or falling flank, wherein the receive signal (50 a-50 c) has substantially the same signal shape as the transmission signal (44), wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for scanning the receive signal (50 a-50 c) at at least one scanning point (52 a-52 n) in its rising and/or falling flank. 2. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one scanning point (52 a-52 n) is fixed in time in a scanning operation. 3. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with respect to time is allocated to a low transmission current in a transmission path (12). 4. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with respect to time is allocated to a high transmission current in a transmission path (12). 5. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein a signal shape of the transmission signal (44) and of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is triangular, trapezoid, parabolic or sinusoidal. 6. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for scanning the receive signal (50 a-50 c) at at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in its rising flank and/or at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in its falling flank. 7. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is amplifiable for the scanning at a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with allocated low transmission current, and/or the receive signal (50 a-50 c) can be decreased for the scanning at a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with allocated high transmission current. 8. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 7, wherein an amplification of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) and/or a diminution of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is constant in time. 9. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the sensor device (10) is suitable for terminating the transmission signal (44) when the evaluation unit (30) has scanned an evaluable scanning point (52 a-52 n). 10. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for determining a slope of the flank upon scanning at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in the rising flank and/or upon scanning at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in the falling flank. 11. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 10, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for discarding, when determining the slope of the flank, at least one of the two scanning values (S1-Sn) for which its determined slope deviates from a remaining slope of the flank more or less than a corresponding threshold. 12. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (30) suitable for determining whether the at least one scanned scanning point (52 a-52 n) is sufficient to determine a valid sensor signal (S). 13. The optical sensor device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is suitable for scanning at least one further scanning point (53) which is temporally offset from the receive signal (50 a-50 c) to be scanned and for taking into account a scanning value (D) allocated to a further scanning point (53) upon a determination of a sensor signal (S). 14. A method for operating a sensor device, having the following steps:
emitting (S10) light; receiving (S12) the emitted light; and evaluation (S16) of a receive signal (44) which is based on the light received; wherein the light emitted is designed as a light pulse which is based on a transmission signal (44) which has a signal shape with a rising and/or falling flank, wherein the receive signal (50 a-50 c) has substantially the same signal shape as the transmission signal (44); and wherein the evaluation (S16) of a receive signal (50 a-50 c) involves scanning (S16 a) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) at at least one scanning point (52 a-52 n) in its rising and/or falling flank. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one scanning point (52 a-52 n) is fixed in time in a scanning process. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein a scanning point (52 a-52 n) is allocated with respect to time to a low transmission current in a transmission path (12). 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein a scanning point (52 a-52 n) is allocated with respect to time to a high transmission current in a transmission path (12). 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein a signal shape of the transmission signal (44) or of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is triangular, trapezoid, parabolic or sinusoidal. 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein the evaluation (S16) of a receive signal (50 a-50 c) involves scanning (S16a) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) at at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in its rising flank and/or at at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in its falling flank. 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is amplified for the scanning at a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with allocated low transmission current and/or the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is decreased for the scanning at a scanning point (52 a-52 n) with allocated high transmission current. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein an amplification of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) and/or a diminution of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) is carried out constant in time. 22. The method according to claim 14, wherein the transmission signal (44) is terminated when an evaluable scanning point (52 a-52 n) has been scanned. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the evaluation (S16) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) further involves determining (S16 c) a slope of the flank upon scanning at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in the rising flank and/or upon scanning at least two scanning points (52 a-52 n) in the falling flank. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the evaluation (S16) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) further involves discarding (S16 e) upon determining (S16 e) the slope of the flank of at least one of the two scanning values (S1-Sn) for which its determined slope deviates from a remaining slope of the flank more or less than a corresponding threshold value. 25. The method according to claim 14, wherein the evaluation (S16) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) further involves determining whether the at least one scanned scanning point (52 a-52 n) is sufficient for determining a valid sensor signal (S). 26. The method according to claim 14, wherein the evaluation (S16) of the receive signal (50 a-50 c) further involves scanning (S16 b) at at least one further scanning point (52) which is temporally offset from the receive signal to be scanned (50 a-50 c), and involves taking into account (S16 b) a scanning value (D) allocated to the at least one further scanning point (52) upon determining a sensor signal (S). 27. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program comprising a set of computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by the computer, carries out steps of the method according to claim 14 to operate an optical sensor device (10). | 3,600 |
345,762 | 16,804,109 | 3,641 | A light fixture includes an electronics housing, opposing connector assemblies and at least one light module. The electronics housing and the at least one light module are each supported by and extend between the opposing connector assemblies such that a gap is provided between the electronics housing and light module. | 1. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a first end and a second end opposite from the first end; a first connector assembly and a second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing extends between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly; and a plurality of light modules, each light module comprising at least one light source, wherein each light module is supported by the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly and extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing is not directly connected to the plurality of light modules, and wherein the electronics housing is provided in a plane offset from the plurality of light modules. 2. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source. 3. The light fixture of claim 2, wherein the optic is tinted red. 4. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the electronics housing further comprises a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall, wherein the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber, and wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber. 5. The light fixture of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the base wall extends beyond the side wall proximate to at least one of the first end or the second end such that less than the entire base wall defines the housing chamber. 6. The light fixture of claim 4, wherein the base wall comprises a channel having opposing open ends and extending in a direction opposite from the top wall, wherein the channel is in communication with the housing chamber, and wherein the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly each comprise:
a housing support location comprising an opening and a housing mounting feature; a plurality of module support locations, each comprising an opening and a module mounting feature; and a passageway, wherein the opening of the housing support location is in fluid communication with each of the openings of the plurality of module support locations via the passageway, and wherein the electronics housing is supported relative to the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly such that each of the opposing open ends of the channel is in fluid communication with the opening of the housing support location of one of the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly. 7. The light fixture of claim 6, wherein:
each of the plurality of light modules is supported at a corresponding one of the plurality of module support locations on the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, and the first end of the electronics housing is supported at the housing support location on the first connector assembly and the second end of the electronics housing is supported at the housing support location on the second connector assembly. 8. The light fixture of claim 7, wherein the housing support location comprises a housing mounting feature and an opening, and wherein each of the plurality of module support locations comprises a module mounting feature and an opening. 9. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a first end and a second end opposite from the first end; a connector assembly comprising:
a housing support location; and
a plurality of module support locations, each module support location configured to position a light module relative to the connector assembly,
wherein the housing support location is vertically offset from the plurality of module support locations, and
wherein the first end of the electronics housing is attached to the connector assembly at the housing support location; and
at least one light module comprising at least one light source, wherein the at least one light module is attached to the connector assembly at one of the plurality of module support locations. 10. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the housing support location comprises an opening and a housing mounting feature, wherein each of the plurality of module support locations comprises an opening and a module mounting feature, and wherein the connector assembly further comprises a passageway in fluid communication with the opening of the housing support location and each opening of the plurality of module support locations. 11. The light fixture of claim 10, wherein:
the electronics housing further comprises a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall; the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber; the base wall comprises a channel portion extending in a direction opposite from the top wall; the channel portion is in communication with the housing chamber; and the first end of the electronics housing is attached to the housing support location such that the channel portion is in fluid communication with the opening of the housing mounting feature. 12. The light fixture of claim 11, wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber. 13. The light fixture of claim 8, wherein the at least one light module comprises a plurality of light modules, and wherein the plurality of light modules are arranged in a plane that is offset from a plane of the electronics housing, and wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source. 14. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall, wherein the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber, and wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber; and a first connector assembly and a second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing extends between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly; and a first light module and a second light module, each extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, wherein the first light module and the second light module each comprise at least one light source, wherein the first light module and the second light module each extend at least partially below the base wall of the electronics housing, and wherein the first light module is horizontally spaced apart from the second light module such that a gap is between the first light module and the second light module. 15. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source, and wherein the optic is tinted red. 16. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the electronics housing is not directly connected to any of the light modules. 17. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first light module and the second light module are vertically offset from the base wall of the electronics housing below the base wall of the electronics housing such that a vertical gap is between the base wall and both of the first light module and the second light module. 18. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly each comprise an inner plate and an end cap that together define a passageway. 19. The light fixture of claim 18, wherein the inner plate of each of the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly comprises:
a housing support location comprising an opening and a housing mounting feature; and a plurality of module support locations, each module support location comprising an opening and a module mounting feature, wherein the opening of the housing support location is in fluid communication with each of the openings of the module support locations via the passageway. 20. The light fixture of claim 14, further comprising:
a third light module extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly and adjacent to the second light module such that the second light module is between the first light module and the third light module, wherein the gap is a first gap, wherein the third light module is horizontally spaced apart from the second light module such that a second gap is between the third light module and the second light module, and wherein the third light module is rotatable relative to the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly. | A light fixture includes an electronics housing, opposing connector assemblies and at least one light module. The electronics housing and the at least one light module are each supported by and extend between the opposing connector assemblies such that a gap is provided between the electronics housing and light module.1. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a first end and a second end opposite from the first end; a first connector assembly and a second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing extends between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly; and a plurality of light modules, each light module comprising at least one light source, wherein each light module is supported by the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly and extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing is not directly connected to the plurality of light modules, and wherein the electronics housing is provided in a plane offset from the plurality of light modules. 2. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source. 3. The light fixture of claim 2, wherein the optic is tinted red. 4. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the electronics housing further comprises a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall, wherein the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber, and wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber. 5. The light fixture of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the base wall extends beyond the side wall proximate to at least one of the first end or the second end such that less than the entire base wall defines the housing chamber. 6. The light fixture of claim 4, wherein the base wall comprises a channel having opposing open ends and extending in a direction opposite from the top wall, wherein the channel is in communication with the housing chamber, and wherein the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly each comprise:
a housing support location comprising an opening and a housing mounting feature; a plurality of module support locations, each comprising an opening and a module mounting feature; and a passageway, wherein the opening of the housing support location is in fluid communication with each of the openings of the plurality of module support locations via the passageway, and wherein the electronics housing is supported relative to the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly such that each of the opposing open ends of the channel is in fluid communication with the opening of the housing support location of one of the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly. 7. The light fixture of claim 6, wherein:
each of the plurality of light modules is supported at a corresponding one of the plurality of module support locations on the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, and the first end of the electronics housing is supported at the housing support location on the first connector assembly and the second end of the electronics housing is supported at the housing support location on the second connector assembly. 8. The light fixture of claim 7, wherein the housing support location comprises a housing mounting feature and an opening, and wherein each of the plurality of module support locations comprises a module mounting feature and an opening. 9. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a first end and a second end opposite from the first end; a connector assembly comprising:
a housing support location; and
a plurality of module support locations, each module support location configured to position a light module relative to the connector assembly,
wherein the housing support location is vertically offset from the plurality of module support locations, and
wherein the first end of the electronics housing is attached to the connector assembly at the housing support location; and
at least one light module comprising at least one light source, wherein the at least one light module is attached to the connector assembly at one of the plurality of module support locations. 10. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the housing support location comprises an opening and a housing mounting feature, wherein each of the plurality of module support locations comprises an opening and a module mounting feature, and wherein the connector assembly further comprises a passageway in fluid communication with the opening of the housing support location and each opening of the plurality of module support locations. 11. The light fixture of claim 10, wherein:
the electronics housing further comprises a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall; the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber; the base wall comprises a channel portion extending in a direction opposite from the top wall; the channel portion is in communication with the housing chamber; and the first end of the electronics housing is attached to the housing support location such that the channel portion is in fluid communication with the opening of the housing mounting feature. 12. The light fixture of claim 11, wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber. 13. The light fixture of claim 8, wherein the at least one light module comprises a plurality of light modules, and wherein the plurality of light modules are arranged in a plane that is offset from a plane of the electronics housing, and wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source. 14. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall, wherein the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber, and wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber; and a first connector assembly and a second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing extends between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly; and a first light module and a second light module, each extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, wherein the first light module and the second light module each comprise at least one light source, wherein the first light module and the second light module each extend at least partially below the base wall of the electronics housing, and wherein the first light module is horizontally spaced apart from the second light module such that a gap is between the first light module and the second light module. 15. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source, and wherein the optic is tinted red. 16. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the electronics housing is not directly connected to any of the light modules. 17. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first light module and the second light module are vertically offset from the base wall of the electronics housing below the base wall of the electronics housing such that a vertical gap is between the base wall and both of the first light module and the second light module. 18. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly each comprise an inner plate and an end cap that together define a passageway. 19. The light fixture of claim 18, wherein the inner plate of each of the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly comprises:
a housing support location comprising an opening and a housing mounting feature; and a plurality of module support locations, each module support location comprising an opening and a module mounting feature, wherein the opening of the housing support location is in fluid communication with each of the openings of the module support locations via the passageway. 20. The light fixture of claim 14, further comprising:
a third light module extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly and adjacent to the second light module such that the second light module is between the first light module and the third light module, wherein the gap is a first gap, wherein the third light module is horizontally spaced apart from the second light module such that a second gap is between the third light module and the second light module, and wherein the third light module is rotatable relative to the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly. | 3,600 |
345,763 | 16,804,162 | 3,641 | A light fixture includes an electronics housing, opposing connector assemblies and at least one light module. The electronics housing and the at least one light module are each supported by and extend between the opposing connector assemblies such that a gap is provided between the electronics housing and light module. | 1. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a first end and a second end opposite from the first end; a first connector assembly and a second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing extends between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly; and a plurality of light modules, each light module comprising at least one light source, wherein each light module is supported by the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly and extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing is not directly connected to the plurality of light modules, and wherein the electronics housing is provided in a plane offset from the plurality of light modules. 2. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source. 3. The light fixture of claim 2, wherein the optic is tinted red. 4. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the electronics housing further comprises a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall, wherein the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber, and wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber. 5. The light fixture of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the base wall extends beyond the side wall proximate to at least one of the first end or the second end such that less than the entire base wall defines the housing chamber. 6. The light fixture of claim 4, wherein the base wall comprises a channel having opposing open ends and extending in a direction opposite from the top wall, wherein the channel is in communication with the housing chamber, and wherein the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly each comprise:
a housing support location comprising an opening and a housing mounting feature; a plurality of module support locations, each comprising an opening and a module mounting feature; and a passageway, wherein the opening of the housing support location is in fluid communication with each of the openings of the plurality of module support locations via the passageway, and wherein the electronics housing is supported relative to the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly such that each of the opposing open ends of the channel is in fluid communication with the opening of the housing support location of one of the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly. 7. The light fixture of claim 6, wherein:
each of the plurality of light modules is supported at a corresponding one of the plurality of module support locations on the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, and the first end of the electronics housing is supported at the housing support location on the first connector assembly and the second end of the electronics housing is supported at the housing support location on the second connector assembly. 8. The light fixture of claim 7, wherein the housing support location comprises a housing mounting feature and an opening, and wherein each of the plurality of module support locations comprises a module mounting feature and an opening. 9. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a first end and a second end opposite from the first end; a connector assembly comprising:
a housing support location; and
a plurality of module support locations, each module support location configured to position a light module relative to the connector assembly,
wherein the housing support location is vertically offset from the plurality of module support locations, and
wherein the first end of the electronics housing is attached to the connector assembly at the housing support location; and
at least one light module comprising at least one light source, wherein the at least one light module is attached to the connector assembly at one of the plurality of module support locations. 10. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the housing support location comprises an opening and a housing mounting feature, wherein each of the plurality of module support locations comprises an opening and a module mounting feature, and wherein the connector assembly further comprises a passageway in fluid communication with the opening of the housing support location and each opening of the plurality of module support locations. 11. The light fixture of claim 10, wherein:
the electronics housing further comprises a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall; the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber; the base wall comprises a channel portion extending in a direction opposite from the top wall; the channel portion is in communication with the housing chamber; and the first end of the electronics housing is attached to the housing support location such that the channel portion is in fluid communication with the opening of the housing mounting feature. 12. The light fixture of claim 11, wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber. 13. The light fixture of claim 8, wherein the at least one light module comprises a plurality of light modules, and wherein the plurality of light modules are arranged in a plane that is offset from a plane of the electronics housing, and wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source. 14. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall, wherein the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber, and wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber; and a first connector assembly and a second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing extends between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly; and a first light module and a second light module, each extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, wherein the first light module and the second light module each comprise at least one light source, wherein the first light module and the second light module each extend at least partially below the base wall of the electronics housing, and wherein the first light module is horizontally spaced apart from the second light module such that a gap is between the first light module and the second light module. 15. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source, and wherein the optic is tinted red. 16. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the electronics housing is not directly connected to any of the light modules. 17. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first light module and the second light module are vertically offset from the base wall of the electronics housing below the base wall of the electronics housing such that a vertical gap is between the base wall and both of the first light module and the second light module. 18. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly each comprise an inner plate and an end cap that together define a passageway. 19. The light fixture of claim 18, wherein the inner plate of each of the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly comprises:
a housing support location comprising an opening and a housing mounting feature; and a plurality of module support locations, each module support location comprising an opening and a module mounting feature, wherein the opening of the housing support location is in fluid communication with each of the openings of the module support locations via the passageway. 20. The light fixture of claim 14, further comprising:
a third light module extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly and adjacent to the second light module such that the second light module is between the first light module and the third light module, wherein the gap is a first gap, wherein the third light module is horizontally spaced apart from the second light module such that a second gap is between the third light module and the second light module, and wherein the third light module is rotatable relative to the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly. | A light fixture includes an electronics housing, opposing connector assemblies and at least one light module. The electronics housing and the at least one light module are each supported by and extend between the opposing connector assemblies such that a gap is provided between the electronics housing and light module.1. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a first end and a second end opposite from the first end; a first connector assembly and a second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing extends between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly; and a plurality of light modules, each light module comprising at least one light source, wherein each light module is supported by the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly and extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing is not directly connected to the plurality of light modules, and wherein the electronics housing is provided in a plane offset from the plurality of light modules. 2. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source. 3. The light fixture of claim 2, wherein the optic is tinted red. 4. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the electronics housing further comprises a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall, wherein the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber, and wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber. 5. The light fixture of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the base wall extends beyond the side wall proximate to at least one of the first end or the second end such that less than the entire base wall defines the housing chamber. 6. The light fixture of claim 4, wherein the base wall comprises a channel having opposing open ends and extending in a direction opposite from the top wall, wherein the channel is in communication with the housing chamber, and wherein the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly each comprise:
a housing support location comprising an opening and a housing mounting feature; a plurality of module support locations, each comprising an opening and a module mounting feature; and a passageway, wherein the opening of the housing support location is in fluid communication with each of the openings of the plurality of module support locations via the passageway, and wherein the electronics housing is supported relative to the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly such that each of the opposing open ends of the channel is in fluid communication with the opening of the housing support location of one of the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly. 7. The light fixture of claim 6, wherein:
each of the plurality of light modules is supported at a corresponding one of the plurality of module support locations on the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, and the first end of the electronics housing is supported at the housing support location on the first connector assembly and the second end of the electronics housing is supported at the housing support location on the second connector assembly. 8. The light fixture of claim 7, wherein the housing support location comprises a housing mounting feature and an opening, and wherein each of the plurality of module support locations comprises a module mounting feature and an opening. 9. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a first end and a second end opposite from the first end; a connector assembly comprising:
a housing support location; and
a plurality of module support locations, each module support location configured to position a light module relative to the connector assembly,
wherein the housing support location is vertically offset from the plurality of module support locations, and
wherein the first end of the electronics housing is attached to the connector assembly at the housing support location; and
at least one light module comprising at least one light source, wherein the at least one light module is attached to the connector assembly at one of the plurality of module support locations. 10. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the housing support location comprises an opening and a housing mounting feature, wherein each of the plurality of module support locations comprises an opening and a module mounting feature, and wherein the connector assembly further comprises a passageway in fluid communication with the opening of the housing support location and each opening of the plurality of module support locations. 11. The light fixture of claim 10, wherein:
the electronics housing further comprises a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall; the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber; the base wall comprises a channel portion extending in a direction opposite from the top wall; the channel portion is in communication with the housing chamber; and the first end of the electronics housing is attached to the housing support location such that the channel portion is in fluid communication with the opening of the housing mounting feature. 12. The light fixture of claim 11, wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber. 13. The light fixture of claim 8, wherein the at least one light module comprises a plurality of light modules, and wherein the plurality of light modules are arranged in a plane that is offset from a plane of the electronics housing, and wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source. 14. A light fixture comprising:
an electronics housing comprising a base wall, a top wall opposite from the base wall, and at least one side wall extending from the base wall to the top wall, wherein the base wall, the top wall, and the at least one side wall define a housing chamber, and wherein the base wall and the top wall each comprise a plurality of ventilation apertures that are in fluid communication with the housing chamber; and a first connector assembly and a second connector assembly, wherein the electronics housing extends between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly; and a first light module and a second light module, each extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly, wherein the first light module and the second light module each comprise at least one light source, wherein the first light module and the second light module each extend at least partially below the base wall of the electronics housing, and wherein the first light module is horizontally spaced apart from the second light module such that a gap is between the first light module and the second light module. 15. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein each light module comprises a base and an optic attached to the base over the at least one light source, and wherein the optic is tinted red. 16. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the electronics housing is not directly connected to any of the light modules. 17. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first light module and the second light module are vertically offset from the base wall of the electronics housing below the base wall of the electronics housing such that a vertical gap is between the base wall and both of the first light module and the second light module. 18. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly each comprise an inner plate and an end cap that together define a passageway. 19. The light fixture of claim 18, wherein the inner plate of each of the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly comprises:
a housing support location comprising an opening and a housing mounting feature; and a plurality of module support locations, each module support location comprising an opening and a module mounting feature, wherein the opening of the housing support location is in fluid communication with each of the openings of the module support locations via the passageway. 20. The light fixture of claim 14, further comprising:
a third light module extending between the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly and adjacent to the second light module such that the second light module is between the first light module and the third light module, wherein the gap is a first gap, wherein the third light module is horizontally spaced apart from the second light module such that a second gap is between the third light module and the second light module, and wherein the third light module is rotatable relative to the first connector assembly and the second connector assembly. | 3,600 |
345,764 | 16,804,194 | 3,641 | A radio frequency (RF) heating system for rapidly and uniformly heat packaged articles moving through the system on one or more convey lines. The RF heating system may utilize an RF heating chamber with a substantially round cross-sectional shape to heat the articles. The RF heating system may be useful for a variety of processes, including the pasteurization or sterilization of packaged ingestible items, such as foodstuffs, beverages, and medical or pharmaceutical fluids. | 1. A process for heating a plurality of articles using radio frequency (RF) energy, said process comprising:
(a) passing RF energy through an RF waveguide toward an RF applicator; (b) introducing RF energy into said RF applicator, wherein said RF applicator has a substantially round cross-sectional shape and extends along a central axis of elongation; (c) passing a plurality of articles through said RF applicator in a convey direction using a convey system; and (d) during at least a portion of said passing, heating said articles using RF energy, wherein at least one of said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are substantially filled with liquid. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein each of said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are substantially filled with liquid. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are open to one another such that liquid can pass between said RF waveguide and said RF applicator and wherein the liquid in said RF waveguide and said RF applicator has an electrical conductivity of less than 0.5 mS/m at 20° C. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein said convey system comprises a tube convey system comprising a transport tube having a substantially round cross-sectional shape, wherein said articles move through said transport during at least a portion of said passing of step (c), and wherein said transport tube is substantially transparent to RF energy such that at least a portion of said RF energy passes through a wall of said transport tube to heat said articles. 5. The process of claim 4, wherein said transport tube is at least partially filled with liquid and wherein said articles are at least partially submerged in liquid during said heating. 6. The process of claim 5, wherein at least a portion of said passing of said articles is carried out using a pressurized liquid, gravity, and/or a mechanical driver to move said articles through said transport tube. 7. The process of claim 4, wherein each of said RF waveguide, said RF applicator, and said transport tube are substantially filled with liquid. 8. The process of claim 4, wherein the ratio of the diameter of said transport tube to the diameter of said RF applicator is not more than 0.90:1. 9. The process of claim 1, further comprising, (i) prior to said heating of step (d), pre-heating said articles in a thermal equilibration zone upstream of said RF applicator and (ii) subsequent to said heating of step (d), cooling said articles in a cooling chamber at least partially filled with liquid. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein said articles comprise an ingestible substance sealed in a package, and said process is a pasteurization or sterilization process. 11. The process of claim 10, wherein said package has a substantially round cross-sectional shape and the ratio of the maximum diameter of said package to the diameter of said RF applicator is not more than 0.60:1. 12. A radio frequency (RF) heating system for heating a plurality of articles, said RF heating system comprising:
an RF generator for generating RF energy; an RF waveguide capable of transmitting RF energy produced by said RF generator; a cylindrical RF applicator capable of receiving RF energy transmitted through said RF waveguide, wherein said RF applicator has a substantially round cross-sectional shape and extends along a central axis of elongation; and a convey system for transporting a plurality of articles through said RF applicator in a convey direction while said articles are being heated by RF energy, wherein at least one of said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are configured to be substantially filled with liquid. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein each of said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are configured to be substantially filled with liquid. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein said convey system comprises a tube conveyor comprising a transport tube capable of receiving said articles and a driver configured to pass said articles through said transport tube. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein said transport tube is configured to be filled with liquid and wherein said articles are at least partially submerged in liquid while being passed through said transport tube. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein said driver comprises a liquid pressurization mechanism configured to provide pressurized liquid to said transport tube, wherein said pressurized liquid is used to move said articles through said transport tube. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein said transport tube has a substantially round cross-sectional shape, wherein the ratio of the diameter of said transport tube to the diameter of the RF applicator is not more than 0.90:1, wherein said transport tube extends along a central axis of elongation, and wherein at least a portion of said central axis of elongation of said transport tube is substantially parallel to said central axis of elongation of said RF applicator. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein at least a portion of said transport tube is oriented within about 45° of the vertical so that said articles move through at least a portion of said transport tube by gravity. 19. The system of claim 12, further comprising, an inductive iris disposed in said RF waveguide, wherein said inductive iris is formed by a pair of inductive iris panels coupled to and extending from opposing walls of said RF waveguide. 20. The system of claim 17, further comprising (i) a thermal equilibration zone located upstream of said RF applicator configured to increase the temperature of the articles before the articles are heated with RF energy in said RF applicator and (ii) a cool down chamber located downstream of said RF applicator configured to cool the articles after the articles are heated with RF energy in said RF applicator. | A radio frequency (RF) heating system for rapidly and uniformly heat packaged articles moving through the system on one or more convey lines. The RF heating system may utilize an RF heating chamber with a substantially round cross-sectional shape to heat the articles. The RF heating system may be useful for a variety of processes, including the pasteurization or sterilization of packaged ingestible items, such as foodstuffs, beverages, and medical or pharmaceutical fluids.1. A process for heating a plurality of articles using radio frequency (RF) energy, said process comprising:
(a) passing RF energy through an RF waveguide toward an RF applicator; (b) introducing RF energy into said RF applicator, wherein said RF applicator has a substantially round cross-sectional shape and extends along a central axis of elongation; (c) passing a plurality of articles through said RF applicator in a convey direction using a convey system; and (d) during at least a portion of said passing, heating said articles using RF energy, wherein at least one of said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are substantially filled with liquid. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein each of said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are substantially filled with liquid. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are open to one another such that liquid can pass between said RF waveguide and said RF applicator and wherein the liquid in said RF waveguide and said RF applicator has an electrical conductivity of less than 0.5 mS/m at 20° C. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein said convey system comprises a tube convey system comprising a transport tube having a substantially round cross-sectional shape, wherein said articles move through said transport during at least a portion of said passing of step (c), and wherein said transport tube is substantially transparent to RF energy such that at least a portion of said RF energy passes through a wall of said transport tube to heat said articles. 5. The process of claim 4, wherein said transport tube is at least partially filled with liquid and wherein said articles are at least partially submerged in liquid during said heating. 6. The process of claim 5, wherein at least a portion of said passing of said articles is carried out using a pressurized liquid, gravity, and/or a mechanical driver to move said articles through said transport tube. 7. The process of claim 4, wherein each of said RF waveguide, said RF applicator, and said transport tube are substantially filled with liquid. 8. The process of claim 4, wherein the ratio of the diameter of said transport tube to the diameter of said RF applicator is not more than 0.90:1. 9. The process of claim 1, further comprising, (i) prior to said heating of step (d), pre-heating said articles in a thermal equilibration zone upstream of said RF applicator and (ii) subsequent to said heating of step (d), cooling said articles in a cooling chamber at least partially filled with liquid. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein said articles comprise an ingestible substance sealed in a package, and said process is a pasteurization or sterilization process. 11. The process of claim 10, wherein said package has a substantially round cross-sectional shape and the ratio of the maximum diameter of said package to the diameter of said RF applicator is not more than 0.60:1. 12. A radio frequency (RF) heating system for heating a plurality of articles, said RF heating system comprising:
an RF generator for generating RF energy; an RF waveguide capable of transmitting RF energy produced by said RF generator; a cylindrical RF applicator capable of receiving RF energy transmitted through said RF waveguide, wherein said RF applicator has a substantially round cross-sectional shape and extends along a central axis of elongation; and a convey system for transporting a plurality of articles through said RF applicator in a convey direction while said articles are being heated by RF energy, wherein at least one of said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are configured to be substantially filled with liquid. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein each of said RF waveguide and said RF applicator are configured to be substantially filled with liquid. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein said convey system comprises a tube conveyor comprising a transport tube capable of receiving said articles and a driver configured to pass said articles through said transport tube. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein said transport tube is configured to be filled with liquid and wherein said articles are at least partially submerged in liquid while being passed through said transport tube. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein said driver comprises a liquid pressurization mechanism configured to provide pressurized liquid to said transport tube, wherein said pressurized liquid is used to move said articles through said transport tube. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein said transport tube has a substantially round cross-sectional shape, wherein the ratio of the diameter of said transport tube to the diameter of the RF applicator is not more than 0.90:1, wherein said transport tube extends along a central axis of elongation, and wherein at least a portion of said central axis of elongation of said transport tube is substantially parallel to said central axis of elongation of said RF applicator. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein at least a portion of said transport tube is oriented within about 45° of the vertical so that said articles move through at least a portion of said transport tube by gravity. 19. The system of claim 12, further comprising, an inductive iris disposed in said RF waveguide, wherein said inductive iris is formed by a pair of inductive iris panels coupled to and extending from opposing walls of said RF waveguide. 20. The system of claim 17, further comprising (i) a thermal equilibration zone located upstream of said RF applicator configured to increase the temperature of the articles before the articles are heated with RF energy in said RF applicator and (ii) a cool down chamber located downstream of said RF applicator configured to cool the articles after the articles are heated with RF energy in said RF applicator. | 3,600 |
345,765 | 16,804,166 | 3,641 | A manifold for domestic water purification systems having flow paths that can be redirected without having to change the physical structure of the manifold or water purification system—a structure to assist with proper installation and stabilization of specific filter cartridges, a memory reader for processing data relating to the state of the filter cartridges, a hinge system to allow for easier installation/removal of new and replacement filter cartridges, and a flow path structure to assist in adding accessories to the water filtration system without requiring a modification to the manifold structure. | 1. A water purification system, comprising:
a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having receptacles for receiving at least one filter cartridge; at least one flow path structure disposed on said top surface of the manifold forming at least one channel for water to flow to and from the at least one filter cartridge, the flow path structure having at least one inlet for water ingress and one outlet for water egress, and a valve for allowing or prohibiting a direct flow of water; wherein opening of the valve allows for a direct flow of water to the at least one filter cartridge, and wherein closing of the valve prohibits a direct flow of water. 2. The water purification system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of flow path structures are disposed on said top surface of the manifold, each flow path structure connected to a pair of filter cartridges, and wherein each flow path structure valve can be opened to allow for a direct flow of water between the pair of filter cartridges, or closed to prohibit a direct flow of water between the pair of cartridges. 3. A water purification system, comprising:
a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having a receptacle for receiving a filter cartridge, the receptacle having a complementary helical locking thread extending radially thereon, the complementary helical locking thread further having an indentation or aperture; and the filter cartridge having a threaded, cylindrical structure with a helical thread for mating with the helical complementary locking thread of the receptacle, the cartridge helical thread having a protrusion disposed thereon for reception by the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread. 4. The water purification system of claim 3 comprising a plurality of receptacles on the manifold, wherein each of the plurality of receptacles has a complementary helical locking thread. 5. The water purification system of claim 4 wherein the complementary helical locking threads of each of the plurality of receptacles are unique or structurally different from each other. 6. The water purification system of claim 5 further comprising a plurality of filter cartridges, each of the plurality of filter cartridges having threaded, cylindrical structures with helical threads for mating with the complementary helical locking threads of each of the plurality of receptacles. 7. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the helical thread of the filter cartridge has a length that requires about a quarter-turn (about 90°) of the filter cartridge once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle to lock the filter cartridge in place via connection between the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread and protrusion of the cartridge helical thread. 8. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the receptacle further includes a plurality of complementary helical locking threads. 9. The water purification system of claim 8 wherein the filter cartridge further includes a plurality of helical threads. 10. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the indentation or aperture of the complementary helical locking thread is formed in a semi-circular cut. 11. A method of assembling a water purification system, comprising:
providing a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having at least one receptacle for receiving at least one filter cartridge, the at least one receptacle having a complementary helical locking thread, the complementary helical locking thread having an indentation or aperture disposed thereon, the at least one filter cartridge having a helical thread for mating with the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle of the manifold, the helical thread further having a protrusion disposed thereon for locking reception by the manifold; inserting the at least one filter cartridge into the at least one receptacle of the manifold; rotating the at least one filter cartridge within the at least one receptacle such that the helical thread of the at least one filter cartridge traverses through the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle; snapping the protrusion of the cartridge helical thread into the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread; and locking the at least one filter cartridge into the manifold. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is about a quarter-turn (about 90°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is between about a quarter-turn (about 90°) to a full rotation (about 360°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is at least several full rotations (fractional multiples of 360°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 15. The method of claim 11 further including a plurality of receptacles and a plurality of filter cartridges, wherein each of the plurality of filter cartridges has a unique helical thread, and each of the plurality of receptacles has a complementary helical locking thread, such that only one of the plurality of filter cartridges may be properly locked into only one of the plurality of receptacles. 16. The method of claim 11 further providing an EPROM mounted on or within the at least one filter cartridge, and a memory device reader mounted on or within the manifold. 17. The method of claim 16 further including the steps of identifying the at least one filter cartridge through interaction of the EPROM with the manifold memory device reader, and transmitting information, by the manifold memory device reader, relative to the useable life and proper/improper installation of the at least one filter cartridge. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein the indentation or aperture of the complementary helical locking thread is formed as a semi-circular cut. 19. The method of claim 11 further including a threaded, cylindrical structure extending from the at least one filter cartridge, the threaded, cylindrical structure having the helical thread disposed thereon. 20. The method of claim 11 wherein the helical thread of the at least one cartridge has an indentation or aperture disposed thereon, and the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle has a protrusion disposed thereon. | A manifold for domestic water purification systems having flow paths that can be redirected without having to change the physical structure of the manifold or water purification system—a structure to assist with proper installation and stabilization of specific filter cartridges, a memory reader for processing data relating to the state of the filter cartridges, a hinge system to allow for easier installation/removal of new and replacement filter cartridges, and a flow path structure to assist in adding accessories to the water filtration system without requiring a modification to the manifold structure.1. A water purification system, comprising:
a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having receptacles for receiving at least one filter cartridge; at least one flow path structure disposed on said top surface of the manifold forming at least one channel for water to flow to and from the at least one filter cartridge, the flow path structure having at least one inlet for water ingress and one outlet for water egress, and a valve for allowing or prohibiting a direct flow of water; wherein opening of the valve allows for a direct flow of water to the at least one filter cartridge, and wherein closing of the valve prohibits a direct flow of water. 2. The water purification system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of flow path structures are disposed on said top surface of the manifold, each flow path structure connected to a pair of filter cartridges, and wherein each flow path structure valve can be opened to allow for a direct flow of water between the pair of filter cartridges, or closed to prohibit a direct flow of water between the pair of cartridges. 3. A water purification system, comprising:
a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having a receptacle for receiving a filter cartridge, the receptacle having a complementary helical locking thread extending radially thereon, the complementary helical locking thread further having an indentation or aperture; and the filter cartridge having a threaded, cylindrical structure with a helical thread for mating with the helical complementary locking thread of the receptacle, the cartridge helical thread having a protrusion disposed thereon for reception by the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread. 4. The water purification system of claim 3 comprising a plurality of receptacles on the manifold, wherein each of the plurality of receptacles has a complementary helical locking thread. 5. The water purification system of claim 4 wherein the complementary helical locking threads of each of the plurality of receptacles are unique or structurally different from each other. 6. The water purification system of claim 5 further comprising a plurality of filter cartridges, each of the plurality of filter cartridges having threaded, cylindrical structures with helical threads for mating with the complementary helical locking threads of each of the plurality of receptacles. 7. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the helical thread of the filter cartridge has a length that requires about a quarter-turn (about 90°) of the filter cartridge once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle to lock the filter cartridge in place via connection between the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread and protrusion of the cartridge helical thread. 8. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the receptacle further includes a plurality of complementary helical locking threads. 9. The water purification system of claim 8 wherein the filter cartridge further includes a plurality of helical threads. 10. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the indentation or aperture of the complementary helical locking thread is formed in a semi-circular cut. 11. A method of assembling a water purification system, comprising:
providing a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having at least one receptacle for receiving at least one filter cartridge, the at least one receptacle having a complementary helical locking thread, the complementary helical locking thread having an indentation or aperture disposed thereon, the at least one filter cartridge having a helical thread for mating with the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle of the manifold, the helical thread further having a protrusion disposed thereon for locking reception by the manifold; inserting the at least one filter cartridge into the at least one receptacle of the manifold; rotating the at least one filter cartridge within the at least one receptacle such that the helical thread of the at least one filter cartridge traverses through the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle; snapping the protrusion of the cartridge helical thread into the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread; and locking the at least one filter cartridge into the manifold. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is about a quarter-turn (about 90°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is between about a quarter-turn (about 90°) to a full rotation (about 360°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is at least several full rotations (fractional multiples of 360°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 15. The method of claim 11 further including a plurality of receptacles and a plurality of filter cartridges, wherein each of the plurality of filter cartridges has a unique helical thread, and each of the plurality of receptacles has a complementary helical locking thread, such that only one of the plurality of filter cartridges may be properly locked into only one of the plurality of receptacles. 16. The method of claim 11 further providing an EPROM mounted on or within the at least one filter cartridge, and a memory device reader mounted on or within the manifold. 17. The method of claim 16 further including the steps of identifying the at least one filter cartridge through interaction of the EPROM with the manifold memory device reader, and transmitting information, by the manifold memory device reader, relative to the useable life and proper/improper installation of the at least one filter cartridge. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein the indentation or aperture of the complementary helical locking thread is formed as a semi-circular cut. 19. The method of claim 11 further including a threaded, cylindrical structure extending from the at least one filter cartridge, the threaded, cylindrical structure having the helical thread disposed thereon. 20. The method of claim 11 wherein the helical thread of the at least one cartridge has an indentation or aperture disposed thereon, and the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle has a protrusion disposed thereon. | 3,600 |
345,766 | 16,804,157 | 3,641 | A manifold for domestic water purification systems having flow paths that can be redirected without having to change the physical structure of the manifold or water purification system—a structure to assist with proper installation and stabilization of specific filter cartridges, a memory reader for processing data relating to the state of the filter cartridges, a hinge system to allow for easier installation/removal of new and replacement filter cartridges, and a flow path structure to assist in adding accessories to the water filtration system without requiring a modification to the manifold structure. | 1. A water purification system, comprising:
a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having receptacles for receiving at least one filter cartridge; at least one flow path structure disposed on said top surface of the manifold forming at least one channel for water to flow to and from the at least one filter cartridge, the flow path structure having at least one inlet for water ingress and one outlet for water egress, and a valve for allowing or prohibiting a direct flow of water; wherein opening of the valve allows for a direct flow of water to the at least one filter cartridge, and wherein closing of the valve prohibits a direct flow of water. 2. The water purification system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of flow path structures are disposed on said top surface of the manifold, each flow path structure connected to a pair of filter cartridges, and wherein each flow path structure valve can be opened to allow for a direct flow of water between the pair of filter cartridges, or closed to prohibit a direct flow of water between the pair of cartridges. 3. A water purification system, comprising:
a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having a receptacle for receiving a filter cartridge, the receptacle having a complementary helical locking thread extending radially thereon, the complementary helical locking thread further having an indentation or aperture; and the filter cartridge having a threaded, cylindrical structure with a helical thread for mating with the helical complementary locking thread of the receptacle, the cartridge helical thread having a protrusion disposed thereon for reception by the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread. 4. The water purification system of claim 3 comprising a plurality of receptacles on the manifold, wherein each of the plurality of receptacles has a complementary helical locking thread. 5. The water purification system of claim 4 wherein the complementary helical locking threads of each of the plurality of receptacles are unique or structurally different from each other. 6. The water purification system of claim 5 further comprising a plurality of filter cartridges, each of the plurality of filter cartridges having threaded, cylindrical structures with helical threads for mating with the complementary helical locking threads of each of the plurality of receptacles. 7. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the helical thread of the filter cartridge has a length that requires about a quarter-turn (about 90°) of the filter cartridge once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle to lock the filter cartridge in place via connection between the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread and protrusion of the cartridge helical thread. 8. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the receptacle further includes a plurality of complementary helical locking threads. 9. The water purification system of claim 8 wherein the filter cartridge further includes a plurality of helical threads. 10. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the indentation or aperture of the complementary helical locking thread is formed in a semi-circular cut. 11. A method of assembling a water purification system, comprising:
providing a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having at least one receptacle for receiving at least one filter cartridge, the at least one receptacle having a complementary helical locking thread, the complementary helical locking thread having an indentation or aperture disposed thereon, the at least one filter cartridge having a helical thread for mating with the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle of the manifold, the helical thread further having a protrusion disposed thereon for locking reception by the manifold; inserting the at least one filter cartridge into the at least one receptacle of the manifold; rotating the at least one filter cartridge within the at least one receptacle such that the helical thread of the at least one filter cartridge traverses through the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle; snapping the protrusion of the cartridge helical thread into the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread; and locking the at least one filter cartridge into the manifold. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is about a quarter-turn (about 90°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is between about a quarter-turn (about 90°) to a full rotation (about 360°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is at least several full rotations (fractional multiples of 360°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 15. The method of claim 11 further including a plurality of receptacles and a plurality of filter cartridges, wherein each of the plurality of filter cartridges has a unique helical thread, and each of the plurality of receptacles has a complementary helical locking thread, such that only one of the plurality of filter cartridges may be properly locked into only one of the plurality of receptacles. 16. The method of claim 11 further providing an EPROM mounted on or within the at least one filter cartridge, and a memory device reader mounted on or within the manifold. 17. The method of claim 16 further including the steps of identifying the at least one filter cartridge through interaction of the EPROM with the manifold memory device reader, and transmitting information, by the manifold memory device reader, relative to the useable life and proper/improper installation of the at least one filter cartridge. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein the indentation or aperture of the complementary helical locking thread is formed as a semi-circular cut. 19. The method of claim 11 further including a threaded, cylindrical structure extending from the at least one filter cartridge, the threaded, cylindrical structure having the helical thread disposed thereon. 20. The method of claim 11 wherein the helical thread of the at least one cartridge has an indentation or aperture disposed thereon, and the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle has a protrusion disposed thereon. | A manifold for domestic water purification systems having flow paths that can be redirected without having to change the physical structure of the manifold or water purification system—a structure to assist with proper installation and stabilization of specific filter cartridges, a memory reader for processing data relating to the state of the filter cartridges, a hinge system to allow for easier installation/removal of new and replacement filter cartridges, and a flow path structure to assist in adding accessories to the water filtration system without requiring a modification to the manifold structure.1. A water purification system, comprising:
a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having receptacles for receiving at least one filter cartridge; at least one flow path structure disposed on said top surface of the manifold forming at least one channel for water to flow to and from the at least one filter cartridge, the flow path structure having at least one inlet for water ingress and one outlet for water egress, and a valve for allowing or prohibiting a direct flow of water; wherein opening of the valve allows for a direct flow of water to the at least one filter cartridge, and wherein closing of the valve prohibits a direct flow of water. 2. The water purification system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of flow path structures are disposed on said top surface of the manifold, each flow path structure connected to a pair of filter cartridges, and wherein each flow path structure valve can be opened to allow for a direct flow of water between the pair of filter cartridges, or closed to prohibit a direct flow of water between the pair of cartridges. 3. A water purification system, comprising:
a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having a receptacle for receiving a filter cartridge, the receptacle having a complementary helical locking thread extending radially thereon, the complementary helical locking thread further having an indentation or aperture; and the filter cartridge having a threaded, cylindrical structure with a helical thread for mating with the helical complementary locking thread of the receptacle, the cartridge helical thread having a protrusion disposed thereon for reception by the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread. 4. The water purification system of claim 3 comprising a plurality of receptacles on the manifold, wherein each of the plurality of receptacles has a complementary helical locking thread. 5. The water purification system of claim 4 wherein the complementary helical locking threads of each of the plurality of receptacles are unique or structurally different from each other. 6. The water purification system of claim 5 further comprising a plurality of filter cartridges, each of the plurality of filter cartridges having threaded, cylindrical structures with helical threads for mating with the complementary helical locking threads of each of the plurality of receptacles. 7. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the helical thread of the filter cartridge has a length that requires about a quarter-turn (about 90°) of the filter cartridge once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle to lock the filter cartridge in place via connection between the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread and protrusion of the cartridge helical thread. 8. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the receptacle further includes a plurality of complementary helical locking threads. 9. The water purification system of claim 8 wherein the filter cartridge further includes a plurality of helical threads. 10. The water purification system of claim 3 wherein the indentation or aperture of the complementary helical locking thread is formed in a semi-circular cut. 11. A method of assembling a water purification system, comprising:
providing a manifold having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface having at least one receptacle for receiving at least one filter cartridge, the at least one receptacle having a complementary helical locking thread, the complementary helical locking thread having an indentation or aperture disposed thereon, the at least one filter cartridge having a helical thread for mating with the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle of the manifold, the helical thread further having a protrusion disposed thereon for locking reception by the manifold; inserting the at least one filter cartridge into the at least one receptacle of the manifold; rotating the at least one filter cartridge within the at least one receptacle such that the helical thread of the at least one filter cartridge traverses through the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle; snapping the protrusion of the cartridge helical thread into the indentation or aperture of the receptacle complementary helical locking thread; and locking the at least one filter cartridge into the manifold. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is about a quarter-turn (about 90°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is between about a quarter-turn (about 90°) to a full rotation (about 360°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the rotational range of the at least one filter cartridge is at least several full rotations (fractional multiples of 360°) to lock the filter cartridge in place once the threaded, cylindrical structure of the cartridge is inserted into the manifold receptacle. 15. The method of claim 11 further including a plurality of receptacles and a plurality of filter cartridges, wherein each of the plurality of filter cartridges has a unique helical thread, and each of the plurality of receptacles has a complementary helical locking thread, such that only one of the plurality of filter cartridges may be properly locked into only one of the plurality of receptacles. 16. The method of claim 11 further providing an EPROM mounted on or within the at least one filter cartridge, and a memory device reader mounted on or within the manifold. 17. The method of claim 16 further including the steps of identifying the at least one filter cartridge through interaction of the EPROM with the manifold memory device reader, and transmitting information, by the manifold memory device reader, relative to the useable life and proper/improper installation of the at least one filter cartridge. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein the indentation or aperture of the complementary helical locking thread is formed as a semi-circular cut. 19. The method of claim 11 further including a threaded, cylindrical structure extending from the at least one filter cartridge, the threaded, cylindrical structure having the helical thread disposed thereon. 20. The method of claim 11 wherein the helical thread of the at least one cartridge has an indentation or aperture disposed thereon, and the complementary helical locking thread of the at least one receptacle has a protrusion disposed thereon. | 3,600 |
345,767 | 16,804,176 | 3,641 | A network with consistent hashing for packets across multi-stage lookups in the network is provided. The network members include a first network member configured to receive a packet and form a hash result from information from the packet. The first network member is further configured to look up the hash result in a first indexed table to determine a network member for routing the packet from the first network member towards a second network member of the network. The second network member is configured to receive the packet through the network and determine the hash result, and the second network member is further configured to look up the hash result in an second indexed table to determine a nexthop network member for routing the packet from the second network member, wherein the first network member and the second network member are implemented in hardware, firmware, one or more processors executing software, or combination thereof. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for routing packets in a network comprising:
hashing information from a packet, in a fabric member of a network device, to form a first hash result; identifying, in a link aggregation group (LAG) data structure, based on the hash result in the fabric member, an egress member of the network device to which to route the packet from the fabric member; hashing the information from the packet, at the egress member, to form a second hash result that is the same as the first hash result; and identifying, in an equal cost multipath (ECMP) group data structure, based on the second hash result at the egress member, a next hop to which to route the packet from the egress member. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising routing the packet from the fabric member to the egress member, and from the egress member to the next hop. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have a one-to-one correspondence between entries in the LAG data structure and entries in the ECMP group data structure. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have a same number of members, ensuring consistency of routing the packet based on the first hash result and the second hash result. 25. The method of claim 21 wherein the information from the packet comprises information from at least one header of the packet selected from the group consisting of: of a level two header, a level three header, and a level four header. 26. A method for routing packets in a network comprising:
hashing information from a packet, in a fabric member of a network device, to form a first hash result; identifying, in a link aggregation group (LAG) data structure, in the fabric member and based on the hash result, an egress member of the network device to which to route the packet from the fabric member; determining at the egress member, based on metadata for the packet provided by the fabric member, an index for an equal cost multipath (ECMP) group data structure; and looking up in the ECMP group data structure, at the egress member and using the index, a next hop to which to route the packet from the egress member. 27. The method of claim 26 wherein:
the metadata comprises the hash result; and
the determining comprises using the hash result to determine the index. 28. The method of claim 27 wherein using the hash result to determine the index comprises taking the hash result modulo a number of members of the ECMP group data structure to determine the index. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have the same number of members, ensuring consistency of routing the packet based on the first hash result and the second hash result. 30. The method of claim 26 wherein the metadata comprises the index. 31. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium having instructions thereupon which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method comprising:
hashing information from a packet, in a fabric member of a network device, to form a first hash result; identifying, in a link aggregation group (LAG) data structure, based on the hash result in the fabric member, an egress member of the network device to which to route the packet from the fabric member; hashing the information from the packet, at the egress member, to form a second hash result that is the same as the first hash result; and identifying, in an equal cost multipath (ECMP) group data structure, based on the second hash result at the egress member, a next hop to which to route the packet from the egress member. 32. The medium of claim 31 wherein the method further comprises routing the packet from the fabric member to the egress member, and from the egress member to the next hop. 33. The medium of claim 31 wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have a one-to-one correspondence between entries in the LAG data structure and entries in the ECMP group data structure. 34. The medium of claim 31, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have a same number of members, ensuring consistency of routing the packet based on the first hash result and the second hash result. 35. The medium of claim 31 wherein the information from the packet comprises information from at least one header of the packet selected from the group consisting of: of a level two header, a level three header, and a level four header. 36. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium having instructions thereupon which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method comprising:
hashing information from a packet, in a fabric member of a network device, to form a first hash result; identifying, in a link aggregation group (LAG) data structure, based on the hash result in the fabric member, an egress member of the network device to which to route the packet from the fabric member; determining at the egress member, based on metadata for the packet provided by the fabric member, an index for an equal cost multipath (ECMP) group data structure; and looking up in the ECMP group data structure, at the egress member and using the index, a next hop to which to route the packet from the egress member. 37. The medium of claim 36 wherein:
the metadata comprises the hash result; and
the determining comprises using the hash result to determine the index. 38. The medium of claim 37 wherein using the hash result to determine the index comprises taking the hash result modulo a number of members of the ECMP group data structure to determine the index. 39. The medium of claim 38, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have the same number of members, ensuring consistency of routing the packet based on the first hash result and the second hash result. 40. The medium of claim 36 wherein the metadata comprises the index. | A network with consistent hashing for packets across multi-stage lookups in the network is provided. The network members include a first network member configured to receive a packet and form a hash result from information from the packet. The first network member is further configured to look up the hash result in a first indexed table to determine a network member for routing the packet from the first network member towards a second network member of the network. The second network member is configured to receive the packet through the network and determine the hash result, and the second network member is further configured to look up the hash result in an second indexed table to determine a nexthop network member for routing the packet from the second network member, wherein the first network member and the second network member are implemented in hardware, firmware, one or more processors executing software, or combination thereof.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for routing packets in a network comprising:
hashing information from a packet, in a fabric member of a network device, to form a first hash result; identifying, in a link aggregation group (LAG) data structure, based on the hash result in the fabric member, an egress member of the network device to which to route the packet from the fabric member; hashing the information from the packet, at the egress member, to form a second hash result that is the same as the first hash result; and identifying, in an equal cost multipath (ECMP) group data structure, based on the second hash result at the egress member, a next hop to which to route the packet from the egress member. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising routing the packet from the fabric member to the egress member, and from the egress member to the next hop. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have a one-to-one correspondence between entries in the LAG data structure and entries in the ECMP group data structure. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have a same number of members, ensuring consistency of routing the packet based on the first hash result and the second hash result. 25. The method of claim 21 wherein the information from the packet comprises information from at least one header of the packet selected from the group consisting of: of a level two header, a level three header, and a level four header. 26. A method for routing packets in a network comprising:
hashing information from a packet, in a fabric member of a network device, to form a first hash result; identifying, in a link aggregation group (LAG) data structure, in the fabric member and based on the hash result, an egress member of the network device to which to route the packet from the fabric member; determining at the egress member, based on metadata for the packet provided by the fabric member, an index for an equal cost multipath (ECMP) group data structure; and looking up in the ECMP group data structure, at the egress member and using the index, a next hop to which to route the packet from the egress member. 27. The method of claim 26 wherein:
the metadata comprises the hash result; and
the determining comprises using the hash result to determine the index. 28. The method of claim 27 wherein using the hash result to determine the index comprises taking the hash result modulo a number of members of the ECMP group data structure to determine the index. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have the same number of members, ensuring consistency of routing the packet based on the first hash result and the second hash result. 30. The method of claim 26 wherein the metadata comprises the index. 31. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium having instructions thereupon which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method comprising:
hashing information from a packet, in a fabric member of a network device, to form a first hash result; identifying, in a link aggregation group (LAG) data structure, based on the hash result in the fabric member, an egress member of the network device to which to route the packet from the fabric member; hashing the information from the packet, at the egress member, to form a second hash result that is the same as the first hash result; and identifying, in an equal cost multipath (ECMP) group data structure, based on the second hash result at the egress member, a next hop to which to route the packet from the egress member. 32. The medium of claim 31 wherein the method further comprises routing the packet from the fabric member to the egress member, and from the egress member to the next hop. 33. The medium of claim 31 wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have a one-to-one correspondence between entries in the LAG data structure and entries in the ECMP group data structure. 34. The medium of claim 31, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have a same number of members, ensuring consistency of routing the packet based on the first hash result and the second hash result. 35. The medium of claim 31 wherein the information from the packet comprises information from at least one header of the packet selected from the group consisting of: of a level two header, a level three header, and a level four header. 36. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium having instructions thereupon which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method comprising:
hashing information from a packet, in a fabric member of a network device, to form a first hash result; identifying, in a link aggregation group (LAG) data structure, based on the hash result in the fabric member, an egress member of the network device to which to route the packet from the fabric member; determining at the egress member, based on metadata for the packet provided by the fabric member, an index for an equal cost multipath (ECMP) group data structure; and looking up in the ECMP group data structure, at the egress member and using the index, a next hop to which to route the packet from the egress member. 37. The medium of claim 36 wherein:
the metadata comprises the hash result; and
the determining comprises using the hash result to determine the index. 38. The medium of claim 37 wherein using the hash result to determine the index comprises taking the hash result modulo a number of members of the ECMP group data structure to determine the index. 39. The medium of claim 38, wherein the LAG data structure and the ECMP group data structure have the same number of members, ensuring consistency of routing the packet based on the first hash result and the second hash result. 40. The medium of claim 36 wherein the metadata comprises the index. | 3,600 |
345,768 | 16,804,179 | 3,641 | The present disclosure relates to the technical field of rechargeable battery and, particularly, relates to an electrode member, an electrode assembly and a rechargeable battery. The electrode member includes an electrode body and a conduction structure, the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and an conduction layer placed on a surface of the insulation substrate, the conduction layer includes a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion is coated with an active material while the second portion is not coated with the active material, and the conduction structure is connected to the second portion. After the electrode assembly is formed by winding or stacking of the electrode members, adjacent current guide portions are electrically connected to one another by the conduction structure, without being limited by the insulation substrate, so that the conductivity of the electrode member is effectively improved. | 1. An electrode assembly, comprising an electrode member, wherein the electrode member comprises:
an electrode body, wherein the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and a conduction layer provided on each of two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the conduction layer comprises a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, wherein the first portion is coated with an active material and the second portion is not coated with the active material; and a plurality of conduction structures, wherein each of the plurality of conduction structures comprises a first conduction element and a second conduction element, the first conduction element is connected to the second portion located on one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, and the second conduction element is connected to the second portion located on the other one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the electrode member is wound in such a manner that a portion of the insulation substrate corresponding to the second portion and the second portion form a plurality of current guide portions that is stacked, and the first conduction element of one of the plurality of conduction structures and the first conduction element or the second conduction element of another conduction structure of the plurality of conduction structures are arranged between every two adjacent guide portions of the plurality of current guide portions. 2. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of conduction structures is stacked. 3. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is directly connected to the second conduction element. 4. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure further comprises a conductive connection portion and the conductive connection portion is connected between the first conduction element and the second conduction element. 5. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein an end of the conduction structure away from the first portion extends beyond an end of the second portion away from the first portion. 6. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion is greater than a width of the conduction structure. 7. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is welded to the second portion, and the second conduction element is welded to the second portion. 8. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure and the second portion that are welded to each other form a first welding portion there between, wherein the first welding portion is located at an end of the second portion close to the first portion. 9. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a body portion and a transition portion, wherein the transition portion is located between the body portion and the first portion, and a width of the transition portion is greater than a width of the body portion. 10. The electrode assembly according to claim 9, wherein the conduction structure comprises a body connection portion and a transition connection portion, wherein the transition connection portion is located at an end of the body connection portion close to the first portion, and a width of the transition connection portion is greater than a width of the body connection portion. 11. The electrode assembly according to claim 10, wherein the body connection portion is connected to the body portion, and/or the transition connection portion is connected to the transition portion. 12. A rechargeable battery, comprising the electrode assembly according to claim 1. 13. The rechargeable battery according to claim 12, further comprising:
a current collection member, wherein the electrode member of the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the current collection member by the plurality of conduction structures. | The present disclosure relates to the technical field of rechargeable battery and, particularly, relates to an electrode member, an electrode assembly and a rechargeable battery. The electrode member includes an electrode body and a conduction structure, the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and an conduction layer placed on a surface of the insulation substrate, the conduction layer includes a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion is coated with an active material while the second portion is not coated with the active material, and the conduction structure is connected to the second portion. After the electrode assembly is formed by winding or stacking of the electrode members, adjacent current guide portions are electrically connected to one another by the conduction structure, without being limited by the insulation substrate, so that the conductivity of the electrode member is effectively improved.1. An electrode assembly, comprising an electrode member, wherein the electrode member comprises:
an electrode body, wherein the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and a conduction layer provided on each of two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the conduction layer comprises a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, wherein the first portion is coated with an active material and the second portion is not coated with the active material; and a plurality of conduction structures, wherein each of the plurality of conduction structures comprises a first conduction element and a second conduction element, the first conduction element is connected to the second portion located on one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, and the second conduction element is connected to the second portion located on the other one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the electrode member is wound in such a manner that a portion of the insulation substrate corresponding to the second portion and the second portion form a plurality of current guide portions that is stacked, and the first conduction element of one of the plurality of conduction structures and the first conduction element or the second conduction element of another conduction structure of the plurality of conduction structures are arranged between every two adjacent guide portions of the plurality of current guide portions. 2. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of conduction structures is stacked. 3. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is directly connected to the second conduction element. 4. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure further comprises a conductive connection portion and the conductive connection portion is connected between the first conduction element and the second conduction element. 5. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein an end of the conduction structure away from the first portion extends beyond an end of the second portion away from the first portion. 6. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion is greater than a width of the conduction structure. 7. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is welded to the second portion, and the second conduction element is welded to the second portion. 8. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure and the second portion that are welded to each other form a first welding portion there between, wherein the first welding portion is located at an end of the second portion close to the first portion. 9. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a body portion and a transition portion, wherein the transition portion is located between the body portion and the first portion, and a width of the transition portion is greater than a width of the body portion. 10. The electrode assembly according to claim 9, wherein the conduction structure comprises a body connection portion and a transition connection portion, wherein the transition connection portion is located at an end of the body connection portion close to the first portion, and a width of the transition connection portion is greater than a width of the body connection portion. 11. The electrode assembly according to claim 10, wherein the body connection portion is connected to the body portion, and/or the transition connection portion is connected to the transition portion. 12. A rechargeable battery, comprising the electrode assembly according to claim 1. 13. The rechargeable battery according to claim 12, further comprising:
a current collection member, wherein the electrode member of the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the current collection member by the plurality of conduction structures. | 3,600 |
345,769 | 16,804,191 | 2,851 | The present disclosure relates to the technical field of rechargeable battery and, particularly, relates to an electrode member, an electrode assembly and a rechargeable battery. The electrode member includes an electrode body and a conduction structure, the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and an conduction layer placed on a surface of the insulation substrate, the conduction layer includes a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion is coated with an active material while the second portion is not coated with the active material, and the conduction structure is connected to the second portion. After the electrode assembly is formed by winding or stacking of the electrode members, adjacent current guide portions are electrically connected to one another by the conduction structure, without being limited by the insulation substrate, so that the conductivity of the electrode member is effectively improved. | 1. An electrode assembly, comprising an electrode member, wherein the electrode member comprises:
an electrode body, wherein the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and a conduction layer provided on each of two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the conduction layer comprises a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, wherein the first portion is coated with an active material and the second portion is not coated with the active material; and a plurality of conduction structures, wherein each of the plurality of conduction structures comprises a first conduction element and a second conduction element, the first conduction element is connected to the second portion located on one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, and the second conduction element is connected to the second portion located on the other one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the electrode member is wound in such a manner that a portion of the insulation substrate corresponding to the second portion and the second portion form a plurality of current guide portions that is stacked, and the first conduction element of one of the plurality of conduction structures and the first conduction element or the second conduction element of another conduction structure of the plurality of conduction structures are arranged between every two adjacent guide portions of the plurality of current guide portions. 2. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of conduction structures is stacked. 3. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is directly connected to the second conduction element. 4. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure further comprises a conductive connection portion and the conductive connection portion is connected between the first conduction element and the second conduction element. 5. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein an end of the conduction structure away from the first portion extends beyond an end of the second portion away from the first portion. 6. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion is greater than a width of the conduction structure. 7. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is welded to the second portion, and the second conduction element is welded to the second portion. 8. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure and the second portion that are welded to each other form a first welding portion there between, wherein the first welding portion is located at an end of the second portion close to the first portion. 9. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a body portion and a transition portion, wherein the transition portion is located between the body portion and the first portion, and a width of the transition portion is greater than a width of the body portion. 10. The electrode assembly according to claim 9, wherein the conduction structure comprises a body connection portion and a transition connection portion, wherein the transition connection portion is located at an end of the body connection portion close to the first portion, and a width of the transition connection portion is greater than a width of the body connection portion. 11. The electrode assembly according to claim 10, wherein the body connection portion is connected to the body portion, and/or the transition connection portion is connected to the transition portion. 12. A rechargeable battery, comprising the electrode assembly according to claim 1. 13. The rechargeable battery according to claim 12, further comprising:
a current collection member, wherein the electrode member of the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the current collection member by the plurality of conduction structures. | The present disclosure relates to the technical field of rechargeable battery and, particularly, relates to an electrode member, an electrode assembly and a rechargeable battery. The electrode member includes an electrode body and a conduction structure, the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and an conduction layer placed on a surface of the insulation substrate, the conduction layer includes a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion is coated with an active material while the second portion is not coated with the active material, and the conduction structure is connected to the second portion. After the electrode assembly is formed by winding or stacking of the electrode members, adjacent current guide portions are electrically connected to one another by the conduction structure, without being limited by the insulation substrate, so that the conductivity of the electrode member is effectively improved.1. An electrode assembly, comprising an electrode member, wherein the electrode member comprises:
an electrode body, wherein the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and a conduction layer provided on each of two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the conduction layer comprises a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, wherein the first portion is coated with an active material and the second portion is not coated with the active material; and a plurality of conduction structures, wherein each of the plurality of conduction structures comprises a first conduction element and a second conduction element, the first conduction element is connected to the second portion located on one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, and the second conduction element is connected to the second portion located on the other one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the electrode member is wound in such a manner that a portion of the insulation substrate corresponding to the second portion and the second portion form a plurality of current guide portions that is stacked, and the first conduction element of one of the plurality of conduction structures and the first conduction element or the second conduction element of another conduction structure of the plurality of conduction structures are arranged between every two adjacent guide portions of the plurality of current guide portions. 2. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of conduction structures is stacked. 3. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is directly connected to the second conduction element. 4. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure further comprises a conductive connection portion and the conductive connection portion is connected between the first conduction element and the second conduction element. 5. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein an end of the conduction structure away from the first portion extends beyond an end of the second portion away from the first portion. 6. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion is greater than a width of the conduction structure. 7. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is welded to the second portion, and the second conduction element is welded to the second portion. 8. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure and the second portion that are welded to each other form a first welding portion there between, wherein the first welding portion is located at an end of the second portion close to the first portion. 9. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a body portion and a transition portion, wherein the transition portion is located between the body portion and the first portion, and a width of the transition portion is greater than a width of the body portion. 10. The electrode assembly according to claim 9, wherein the conduction structure comprises a body connection portion and a transition connection portion, wherein the transition connection portion is located at an end of the body connection portion close to the first portion, and a width of the transition connection portion is greater than a width of the body connection portion. 11. The electrode assembly according to claim 10, wherein the body connection portion is connected to the body portion, and/or the transition connection portion is connected to the transition portion. 12. A rechargeable battery, comprising the electrode assembly according to claim 1. 13. The rechargeable battery according to claim 12, further comprising:
a current collection member, wherein the electrode member of the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the current collection member by the plurality of conduction structures. | 2,800 |
345,770 | 16,804,183 | 2,851 | The present disclosure relates to the technical field of rechargeable battery and, particularly, relates to an electrode member, an electrode assembly and a rechargeable battery. The electrode member includes an electrode body and a conduction structure, the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and an conduction layer placed on a surface of the insulation substrate, the conduction layer includes a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion is coated with an active material while the second portion is not coated with the active material, and the conduction structure is connected to the second portion. After the electrode assembly is formed by winding or stacking of the electrode members, adjacent current guide portions are electrically connected to one another by the conduction structure, without being limited by the insulation substrate, so that the conductivity of the electrode member is effectively improved. | 1. An electrode assembly, comprising an electrode member, wherein the electrode member comprises:
an electrode body, wherein the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and a conduction layer provided on each of two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the conduction layer comprises a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, wherein the first portion is coated with an active material and the second portion is not coated with the active material; and a plurality of conduction structures, wherein each of the plurality of conduction structures comprises a first conduction element and a second conduction element, the first conduction element is connected to the second portion located on one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, and the second conduction element is connected to the second portion located on the other one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the electrode member is wound in such a manner that a portion of the insulation substrate corresponding to the second portion and the second portion form a plurality of current guide portions that is stacked, and the first conduction element of one of the plurality of conduction structures and the first conduction element or the second conduction element of another conduction structure of the plurality of conduction structures are arranged between every two adjacent guide portions of the plurality of current guide portions. 2. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of conduction structures is stacked. 3. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is directly connected to the second conduction element. 4. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure further comprises a conductive connection portion and the conductive connection portion is connected between the first conduction element and the second conduction element. 5. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein an end of the conduction structure away from the first portion extends beyond an end of the second portion away from the first portion. 6. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion is greater than a width of the conduction structure. 7. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is welded to the second portion, and the second conduction element is welded to the second portion. 8. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure and the second portion that are welded to each other form a first welding portion there between, wherein the first welding portion is located at an end of the second portion close to the first portion. 9. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a body portion and a transition portion, wherein the transition portion is located between the body portion and the first portion, and a width of the transition portion is greater than a width of the body portion. 10. The electrode assembly according to claim 9, wherein the conduction structure comprises a body connection portion and a transition connection portion, wherein the transition connection portion is located at an end of the body connection portion close to the first portion, and a width of the transition connection portion is greater than a width of the body connection portion. 11. The electrode assembly according to claim 10, wherein the body connection portion is connected to the body portion, and/or the transition connection portion is connected to the transition portion. 12. A rechargeable battery, comprising the electrode assembly according to claim 1. 13. The rechargeable battery according to claim 12, further comprising:
a current collection member, wherein the electrode member of the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the current collection member by the plurality of conduction structures. | The present disclosure relates to the technical field of rechargeable battery and, particularly, relates to an electrode member, an electrode assembly and a rechargeable battery. The electrode member includes an electrode body and a conduction structure, the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and an conduction layer placed on a surface of the insulation substrate, the conduction layer includes a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion is coated with an active material while the second portion is not coated with the active material, and the conduction structure is connected to the second portion. After the electrode assembly is formed by winding or stacking of the electrode members, adjacent current guide portions are electrically connected to one another by the conduction structure, without being limited by the insulation substrate, so that the conductivity of the electrode member is effectively improved.1. An electrode assembly, comprising an electrode member, wherein the electrode member comprises:
an electrode body, wherein the electrode body comprises an insulation substrate and a conduction layer provided on each of two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the conduction layer comprises a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, wherein the first portion is coated with an active material and the second portion is not coated with the active material; and a plurality of conduction structures, wherein each of the plurality of conduction structures comprises a first conduction element and a second conduction element, the first conduction element is connected to the second portion located on one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, and the second conduction element is connected to the second portion located on the other one of the two opposite side surfaces of the insulation substrate, wherein the electrode member is wound in such a manner that a portion of the insulation substrate corresponding to the second portion and the second portion form a plurality of current guide portions that is stacked, and the first conduction element of one of the plurality of conduction structures and the first conduction element or the second conduction element of another conduction structure of the plurality of conduction structures are arranged between every two adjacent guide portions of the plurality of current guide portions. 2. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of conduction structures is stacked. 3. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is directly connected to the second conduction element. 4. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure further comprises a conductive connection portion and the conductive connection portion is connected between the first conduction element and the second conduction element. 5. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein an end of the conduction structure away from the first portion extends beyond an end of the second portion away from the first portion. 6. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion is greater than a width of the conduction structure. 7. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first conduction element is welded to the second portion, and the second conduction element is welded to the second portion. 8. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the conduction structure and the second portion that are welded to each other form a first welding portion there between, wherein the first welding portion is located at an end of the second portion close to the first portion. 9. The electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a body portion and a transition portion, wherein the transition portion is located between the body portion and the first portion, and a width of the transition portion is greater than a width of the body portion. 10. The electrode assembly according to claim 9, wherein the conduction structure comprises a body connection portion and a transition connection portion, wherein the transition connection portion is located at an end of the body connection portion close to the first portion, and a width of the transition connection portion is greater than a width of the body connection portion. 11. The electrode assembly according to claim 10, wherein the body connection portion is connected to the body portion, and/or the transition connection portion is connected to the transition portion. 12. A rechargeable battery, comprising the electrode assembly according to claim 1. 13. The rechargeable battery according to claim 12, further comprising:
a current collection member, wherein the electrode member of the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the current collection member by the plurality of conduction structures. | 2,800 |
345,771 | 16,804,181 | 2,851 | According to one embodiment, a first decoding circuit calculates likelihood information by executing Viterbi decoding using a parameter for normalizing a branch metric on a signal sequence read from a magnetic disk. The second decoding circuit generates a first bit data sequence by iterative decoding using the likelihood information, and executes a check using a parity check matrix on the first bit data sequence. The control circuit causes the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit to repeatedly execute decoding, and updates the parameter in accordance with a check result obtained every time the decoding by the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit is executed. An acquisition circuit acquires numerical information corresponding to the number of bit errors included in the first bit data sequence obtained when the number of times of executions of the decoding is equal to a first value. | 1. A magnetic disk device comprising:
a first decoding circuit that calculates likelihood information by executing Viterbi decoding using a parameter for normalizing a branch metric on a signal sequence read from a magnetic disk; a second decoding circuit that generates a first bit data sequence by iterative decoding using the likelihood information, and executes a check using a parity check matrix on the first bit data sequence; a control circuit that causes the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit to repeatedly execute decoding, and performs updating of the parameter in accordance with a result of the check obtained every time the decoding by the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit is executed; a storage circuit; a determination circuit that determines whether the number of times of executions of the decoding by the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit is equal to a first value; and an acquisition circuit that acquires numerical information corresponding to the number of bit errors included in a second bit data sequence that is the first bit data sequence obtained when the number of times is equal to the first value, and stores the acquired numerical information in the storage circuit. 2. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the numerical information is a result of the check acquired when the number of times reaches the first value. 3. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the acquisition circuit counts the number of bit errors included in the second bit data sequence, and the numerical information is the number of bit errors counted. 4. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the acquisition circuit is a circuit to which one or more data patterns are preliminarily set, and counts the number of bit errors included in the second bit data sequence for each of the data patterns, and the numerical information is the number of bit errors counted for each of the one or more data patterns. 5. The magnetic disk device according to claim 4, further comprising
a processor that controls a write current on the basis of the number of bit errors counted for each of the one or more data patterns. 6. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the first value includes a plurality of mutually different second values, the acquisition circuit acquires a result of the check every time the number of times reaches one of the plurality of second values, and the numerical information is the result of the check acquired every time the number of times reaches each of the plurality of second values. 7. The magnetic disk device according to claim 6, further comprising
a processor that adjusts a setting in accordance with the result of the check at the time of retry of reading from the magnetic disk. 8. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage regions, and the acquisition circuit acquires the numerical information for each of the storage regions out of the plurality of storage regions, and stores a maximum value and a minimum value of the numerical information, in the storage circuit. 9. The magnetic disk device according to claim 8, further comprising
a processor that controls a write condition on the basis of the maximum value and the minimum value. 10. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage regions, the magnetic disk device executes reading of the signal sequence for each of storage regions, and the first decoding circuit, using the parameter updated by the control circuit at the time of reading of a signal sequence of a first storage region out of the plurality of storage regions, executes initial Viterbi decoding on a waveform signal read from a second storage region after reading from the first storage region, the second storage region being different from the first storage region in the plurality of storage regions. 11. A method comprising:
calculating likelihood information by executing Viterbi decoding using a parameter for normalizing a branch metric on a signal sequence read from a magnetic disk; generating a first bit data sequence by iterative decoding using the likelihood information, and executing a check using a parity check matrix on the first bit data sequence; repeatedly executing decoding which includes calculating the likelihood information and executing the check; updating the parameter in accordance with a result of the check obtained every time the decoding is executed; determining whether the number of times of executions of the decoding is equal to a first value; and acquiring numerical information corresponding to the number of bit errors included in a second bit data sequence that is the first bit data sequence obtained when the number of times is equal to the first value, and outputting the acquired numerical information. 12. The method according to claim 11,
wherein the numerical information is a result of the check acquired when the number of times reaches the first value. 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising
counting the number of bit errors included in the second bit data sequence, wherein the numerical information is the number of bit errors counted. 14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising
counting the number of bit errors included in the second bit data sequence for each of one or more data patters, wherein the numerical information is the number of bit errors counted for each of the one or more data patterns. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising
controlling a write current on the basis of the number of bit errors counted for each of the one or more data patterns. 16. The method according to claim 11,
wherein the first value includes a plurality of mutually different second values, the method further comprising acquiring a result of the check every time the number of times reaches one of the plurality of second values, and the numerical information is the result of the check acquired every time the number of times reaches each of the plurality of second values. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
retrying reading from the magnetic disk; and adjusting a setting in accordance with the result of the check at the time of the retry of the reading. 18. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage regions, and the method further comprises acquiring the numerical information for each of the storage regions out of the plurality of storage regions, and outputting a maximum value and a minimum value of the numerical information. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising
controlling a write condition on the basis of the maximum value and the minimum value. 20. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage regions, the method further comprises: executing reading of the signal sequences for each of storage regions, and using the parameter updated at the time of reading of the signal sequence of the first storage region out of the plurality of storage regions, and executing initial Viterbi decoding on a waveform signal read from a second storage region after reading from the first storage region, the second storage region being different from the first storage region in the plurality of storage regions. | According to one embodiment, a first decoding circuit calculates likelihood information by executing Viterbi decoding using a parameter for normalizing a branch metric on a signal sequence read from a magnetic disk. The second decoding circuit generates a first bit data sequence by iterative decoding using the likelihood information, and executes a check using a parity check matrix on the first bit data sequence. The control circuit causes the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit to repeatedly execute decoding, and updates the parameter in accordance with a check result obtained every time the decoding by the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit is executed. An acquisition circuit acquires numerical information corresponding to the number of bit errors included in the first bit data sequence obtained when the number of times of executions of the decoding is equal to a first value.1. A magnetic disk device comprising:
a first decoding circuit that calculates likelihood information by executing Viterbi decoding using a parameter for normalizing a branch metric on a signal sequence read from a magnetic disk; a second decoding circuit that generates a first bit data sequence by iterative decoding using the likelihood information, and executes a check using a parity check matrix on the first bit data sequence; a control circuit that causes the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit to repeatedly execute decoding, and performs updating of the parameter in accordance with a result of the check obtained every time the decoding by the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit is executed; a storage circuit; a determination circuit that determines whether the number of times of executions of the decoding by the first decoding circuit and the second decoding circuit is equal to a first value; and an acquisition circuit that acquires numerical information corresponding to the number of bit errors included in a second bit data sequence that is the first bit data sequence obtained when the number of times is equal to the first value, and stores the acquired numerical information in the storage circuit. 2. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the numerical information is a result of the check acquired when the number of times reaches the first value. 3. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the acquisition circuit counts the number of bit errors included in the second bit data sequence, and the numerical information is the number of bit errors counted. 4. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the acquisition circuit is a circuit to which one or more data patterns are preliminarily set, and counts the number of bit errors included in the second bit data sequence for each of the data patterns, and the numerical information is the number of bit errors counted for each of the one or more data patterns. 5. The magnetic disk device according to claim 4, further comprising
a processor that controls a write current on the basis of the number of bit errors counted for each of the one or more data patterns. 6. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the first value includes a plurality of mutually different second values, the acquisition circuit acquires a result of the check every time the number of times reaches one of the plurality of second values, and the numerical information is the result of the check acquired every time the number of times reaches each of the plurality of second values. 7. The magnetic disk device according to claim 6, further comprising
a processor that adjusts a setting in accordance with the result of the check at the time of retry of reading from the magnetic disk. 8. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1, wherein
the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage regions, and the acquisition circuit acquires the numerical information for each of the storage regions out of the plurality of storage regions, and stores a maximum value and a minimum value of the numerical information, in the storage circuit. 9. The magnetic disk device according to claim 8, further comprising
a processor that controls a write condition on the basis of the maximum value and the minimum value. 10. The magnetic disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage regions, the magnetic disk device executes reading of the signal sequence for each of storage regions, and the first decoding circuit, using the parameter updated by the control circuit at the time of reading of a signal sequence of a first storage region out of the plurality of storage regions, executes initial Viterbi decoding on a waveform signal read from a second storage region after reading from the first storage region, the second storage region being different from the first storage region in the plurality of storage regions. 11. A method comprising:
calculating likelihood information by executing Viterbi decoding using a parameter for normalizing a branch metric on a signal sequence read from a magnetic disk; generating a first bit data sequence by iterative decoding using the likelihood information, and executing a check using a parity check matrix on the first bit data sequence; repeatedly executing decoding which includes calculating the likelihood information and executing the check; updating the parameter in accordance with a result of the check obtained every time the decoding is executed; determining whether the number of times of executions of the decoding is equal to a first value; and acquiring numerical information corresponding to the number of bit errors included in a second bit data sequence that is the first bit data sequence obtained when the number of times is equal to the first value, and outputting the acquired numerical information. 12. The method according to claim 11,
wherein the numerical information is a result of the check acquired when the number of times reaches the first value. 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising
counting the number of bit errors included in the second bit data sequence, wherein the numerical information is the number of bit errors counted. 14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising
counting the number of bit errors included in the second bit data sequence for each of one or more data patters, wherein the numerical information is the number of bit errors counted for each of the one or more data patterns. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising
controlling a write current on the basis of the number of bit errors counted for each of the one or more data patterns. 16. The method according to claim 11,
wherein the first value includes a plurality of mutually different second values, the method further comprising acquiring a result of the check every time the number of times reaches one of the plurality of second values, and the numerical information is the result of the check acquired every time the number of times reaches each of the plurality of second values. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
retrying reading from the magnetic disk; and adjusting a setting in accordance with the result of the check at the time of the retry of the reading. 18. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage regions, and the method further comprises acquiring the numerical information for each of the storage regions out of the plurality of storage regions, and outputting a maximum value and a minimum value of the numerical information. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising
controlling a write condition on the basis of the maximum value and the minimum value. 20. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the magnetic disk includes a plurality of storage regions, the method further comprises: executing reading of the signal sequences for each of storage regions, and using the parameter updated at the time of reading of the signal sequence of the first storage region out of the plurality of storage regions, and executing initial Viterbi decoding on a waveform signal read from a second storage region after reading from the first storage region, the second storage region being different from the first storage region in the plurality of storage regions. | 2,800 |
345,772 | 16,804,156 | 2,851 | A method and a central data processing device updates software in a plurality of vehicles of a vehicle fleet during a software rollout. Vehicles of the vehicle fleet are registered in a central data processing device by transmitting vehicle identification data of the vehicles to the central data processing device via an air interface when a vehicle connects to the central data processing device for the first time. Additionally, a check is continuously carried out in order to determine whether a trigger signal is present that is suitable for initiating an update of the software in at least one of the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet. At least one vehicle registered in the central data processing device is selected from the plurality of vehicles in the vehicle fleet using the vehicle identification data transmitted to the central data processing device when a trigger signal is ascertained and a software update is available. The software update is transmitted from the central data processing device to the at least one selected vehicle via the air interface. | 1. A method for updating software in a plurality of vehicles of a fleet of vehicles during a software rollout, the method comprising the steps of:
registering vehicles of the vehicle fleet in a central data processing device by receiving vehicle identification data of the vehicles transmitted via an air interface to the central data processing device when a vehicle connects to the central data processing device for the first time; continuously checking whether a trigger signal is present that is capable of triggering an update of the software in at least one of the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet; selecting at least one vehicle registered in the central data processing device from the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet on the basis of the vehicle identification data received by the central data processing device when a trigger signal is detected and a software update is available; and transferring the software update from the central data processing device to the selected vehicle via the air interface. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of:
checking whether a user of at least one selected vehicle has consented to the software update, wherein, if there is consent, the software update is transmitted from the central data processing device to the at least one selected vehicle via the air interface and/or the software of at least one selected vehicle is updated by the transmitted software update. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the trigger signal is generated at regular intervals by each vehicle of the vehicle fleet and is suitable to identify the respective vehicle. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the trigger signal generated by a vehicle of the vehicle fleet is generated for a first time at a randomly determined time within a specified period of time. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein
the at least one vehicle of the vehicle fleet is registered in the central data processing device on the basis of the respective trigger signal generated for the first time by the at least one vehicle. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the generation of the trigger signal is caused by a user of a vehicle of the vehicle fleet. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein
the vehicle of the user causing the generation of the trigger signal is selected from the vehicles registered in the central data processing device, and the transmission of software updates from the central data processing device to other vehicles of the vehicle fleet is deferred until after the transfer of the software update from the central data processing device to the selected vehicle of the user. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of:
checking whether the update of the software was successfully carried out by the transmitted software update, wherein no further trigger signal is generated and/or the selected vehicle will not be selected in the future if the update has not been successful, at least until the software update is completed. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein
if a user of the selected vehicle has not given consent to the software update, in the future no further trigger signals will be generated and/or the selected vehicle will no longer be selected, at least until there is another software update. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the vehicles are motor vehicles. 11. A device for updating software in a plurality of vehicles of a fleet of vehicles during a software rollout, comprising:
a central data processing device configured to:
register vehicles of the vehicle fleet by receiving vehicle identification data of the vehicles via an air interface to the central data processing device when a vehicle communicates with the central data processing device for the first time;
continuously check whether a trigger signal is present that is capable of triggering an update of the software in at least one of the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet;
select at least one vehicle registered in the central data processing device from the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet on the basis of vehicle identification data received by the central data processing device when a trigger signal is detected and a software update is available; and
transfer the software update from the central data processing device to the selected vehicle via the air interface. 12. A vehicle, comprising:
a software update trigger signal generator that generates a trigger signal to initiate an update of software of the vehicle, the trigger signal being transmitted via an air interface to a central data processing device, wherein the vehicle is one of a plurality of vehicles of a fleet of vehicles, and the central data processing device is configured to:
register vehicles of the vehicle fleet by receiving vehicle identification data of the vehicles via an air interface to the central data processing device when a vehicle communicates with the central data processing device for the first time;
continuously check whether a trigger signal is present that is capable of triggering an update of the software in at least one of the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet;
select at least one vehicle registered in the central data processing device from the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet on the basis of vehicle identification data received by the central data processing device when a trigger signal is detected and a software update is available; and
transfer the software update from the central data processing device to the selected vehicle via the air interface. | A method and a central data processing device updates software in a plurality of vehicles of a vehicle fleet during a software rollout. Vehicles of the vehicle fleet are registered in a central data processing device by transmitting vehicle identification data of the vehicles to the central data processing device via an air interface when a vehicle connects to the central data processing device for the first time. Additionally, a check is continuously carried out in order to determine whether a trigger signal is present that is suitable for initiating an update of the software in at least one of the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet. At least one vehicle registered in the central data processing device is selected from the plurality of vehicles in the vehicle fleet using the vehicle identification data transmitted to the central data processing device when a trigger signal is ascertained and a software update is available. The software update is transmitted from the central data processing device to the at least one selected vehicle via the air interface.1. A method for updating software in a plurality of vehicles of a fleet of vehicles during a software rollout, the method comprising the steps of:
registering vehicles of the vehicle fleet in a central data processing device by receiving vehicle identification data of the vehicles transmitted via an air interface to the central data processing device when a vehicle connects to the central data processing device for the first time; continuously checking whether a trigger signal is present that is capable of triggering an update of the software in at least one of the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet; selecting at least one vehicle registered in the central data processing device from the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet on the basis of the vehicle identification data received by the central data processing device when a trigger signal is detected and a software update is available; and transferring the software update from the central data processing device to the selected vehicle via the air interface. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of:
checking whether a user of at least one selected vehicle has consented to the software update, wherein, if there is consent, the software update is transmitted from the central data processing device to the at least one selected vehicle via the air interface and/or the software of at least one selected vehicle is updated by the transmitted software update. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the trigger signal is generated at regular intervals by each vehicle of the vehicle fleet and is suitable to identify the respective vehicle. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the trigger signal generated by a vehicle of the vehicle fleet is generated for a first time at a randomly determined time within a specified period of time. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein
the at least one vehicle of the vehicle fleet is registered in the central data processing device on the basis of the respective trigger signal generated for the first time by the at least one vehicle. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the generation of the trigger signal is caused by a user of a vehicle of the vehicle fleet. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein
the vehicle of the user causing the generation of the trigger signal is selected from the vehicles registered in the central data processing device, and the transmission of software updates from the central data processing device to other vehicles of the vehicle fleet is deferred until after the transfer of the software update from the central data processing device to the selected vehicle of the user. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of:
checking whether the update of the software was successfully carried out by the transmitted software update, wherein no further trigger signal is generated and/or the selected vehicle will not be selected in the future if the update has not been successful, at least until the software update is completed. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein
if a user of the selected vehicle has not given consent to the software update, in the future no further trigger signals will be generated and/or the selected vehicle will no longer be selected, at least until there is another software update. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the vehicles are motor vehicles. 11. A device for updating software in a plurality of vehicles of a fleet of vehicles during a software rollout, comprising:
a central data processing device configured to:
register vehicles of the vehicle fleet by receiving vehicle identification data of the vehicles via an air interface to the central data processing device when a vehicle communicates with the central data processing device for the first time;
continuously check whether a trigger signal is present that is capable of triggering an update of the software in at least one of the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet;
select at least one vehicle registered in the central data processing device from the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet on the basis of vehicle identification data received by the central data processing device when a trigger signal is detected and a software update is available; and
transfer the software update from the central data processing device to the selected vehicle via the air interface. 12. A vehicle, comprising:
a software update trigger signal generator that generates a trigger signal to initiate an update of software of the vehicle, the trigger signal being transmitted via an air interface to a central data processing device, wherein the vehicle is one of a plurality of vehicles of a fleet of vehicles, and the central data processing device is configured to:
register vehicles of the vehicle fleet by receiving vehicle identification data of the vehicles via an air interface to the central data processing device when a vehicle communicates with the central data processing device for the first time;
continuously check whether a trigger signal is present that is capable of triggering an update of the software in at least one of the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet;
select at least one vehicle registered in the central data processing device from the plurality of vehicles of the vehicle fleet on the basis of vehicle identification data received by the central data processing device when a trigger signal is detected and a software update is available; and
transfer the software update from the central data processing device to the selected vehicle via the air interface. | 2,800 |
345,773 | 16,804,186 | 2,851 | A medical ambulatory aid comprising, in combination, a waist belt harness, a thigh brace, a calf brace and a walking boot. | 1. A medical ambulatory aid, said medical ambulatory aid comprising in combination:
(I) a waist belt harness; (II) a thigh brace; (III) a calf brace; (IV) a walking boot (V) a heel strap detachedly attached to said walking boot; (VI) a metal assembly supporting (I)-(V), said assembly
comprising:
a. a first metal bar detachedly attached to a side wall of said walking boot at a distal end of said first metal bar; b. surmounted on a near end of said first metal bar, a second metal bar having a distal end; c. surmounted on said distal end of said second metal bar, a calf U-channel having a distal end; d. said calf brace being attached to said near end of said calf U-channel; e. a third metal bar being attached to said near end of said second metal bar; f. a knee hinge surmounted on said near end of said third bar; g. a fourth metal bar surmounted on a near end of said knee hinge; h. a thigh U-channel surmounted on a near end of said fourth metal bar; i. A thigh brace mounted on said thigh U-channel; j. a fifth metal bar surmounted on a near end of said thigh U-channel; k. a hip hinge surmounted on a near end of said fifth metal bar; 2. A waist belt harness attached to a near end of said hip hinge, said waist belt harness comprised of:
(i) a waist belt that is configured to rest on a wearer's ilium bone, said waist belt harness having a belt release mechanism attached thereto, and, (ii) an under-leg strap that is configured to wrap around a wearer's gluteus maximus muscles and ischium bone. | A medical ambulatory aid comprising, in combination, a waist belt harness, a thigh brace, a calf brace and a walking boot.1. A medical ambulatory aid, said medical ambulatory aid comprising in combination:
(I) a waist belt harness; (II) a thigh brace; (III) a calf brace; (IV) a walking boot (V) a heel strap detachedly attached to said walking boot; (VI) a metal assembly supporting (I)-(V), said assembly
comprising:
a. a first metal bar detachedly attached to a side wall of said walking boot at a distal end of said first metal bar; b. surmounted on a near end of said first metal bar, a second metal bar having a distal end; c. surmounted on said distal end of said second metal bar, a calf U-channel having a distal end; d. said calf brace being attached to said near end of said calf U-channel; e. a third metal bar being attached to said near end of said second metal bar; f. a knee hinge surmounted on said near end of said third bar; g. a fourth metal bar surmounted on a near end of said knee hinge; h. a thigh U-channel surmounted on a near end of said fourth metal bar; i. A thigh brace mounted on said thigh U-channel; j. a fifth metal bar surmounted on a near end of said thigh U-channel; k. a hip hinge surmounted on a near end of said fifth metal bar; 2. A waist belt harness attached to a near end of said hip hinge, said waist belt harness comprised of:
(i) a waist belt that is configured to rest on a wearer's ilium bone, said waist belt harness having a belt release mechanism attached thereto, and, (ii) an under-leg strap that is configured to wrap around a wearer's gluteus maximus muscles and ischium bone. | 2,800 |
345,774 | 16,804,174 | 2,851 | The present invention relates to the combination therapy of an antibodies that binds to human angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) with a CD40 agonist. | 1. A method of treating a patient suffering from cancer comprising
administering to said patient an antibody that specifically binds to human angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) in combination with a CD40 agonist. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody is human or humanized. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody specifically binds to human ANG2 with a KD value of less than 1.0×10-8 mol/l, as determined by surface plasmon resonance (Biacore™). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody is an IgG antibody. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody inhibits the interaction of human ANG-2 with TIE2 receptor with an IC50 of 15 nM or less. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the CD40 agonist is an agonistic CD40 antibody or an agonistic CD40L polypeptide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the CD40 agonist is an agonistic CD40 antibody. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody is a bispecific antibody that specifically binds to human ANG-2 and that specifically binds to human VEGF. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises an anti-ANG2 antibody arm comprising a heavy chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a light chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, and an anti-VEGF antibody arm comprising a heavy chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9 and a light chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10; and further wherein the agonistic CD40 agonist is an antibody comprising a heavy chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 and a light chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, non small cell lung (NSCL) cancer, bronchioloalviolar cell lung cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the head or neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina, carcinoma of the vulva, Hodgkin's Disease, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system, cancer of the thyroid gland, cancer of the parathyroid gland, cancer of the adrenal gland, sarcoma of soft tissue, cancer of the urethra, cancer of the penis, prostate cancer, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidney or ureter, renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, mesothelioma, hepatocellular cancer, biliary cancer, neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), spinal axis tumors, brain stem glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytomas, schwanomas, ependymonas, medulloblastomas, meningiomas, squamous cell carcinomas, pituitary adenoma, lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the cancer is further characterized by ANG-2 expression or overexpression. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the method delays the progression of cancer. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method prolongs the survival of a patient. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the method stimulates an immune response or function. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the stimulation of the immune response or function is a T cell activity or a macrophage activity. 16. The method of claim 5, wherein the macrophage activity is a CD40-activated macrophage activity. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the method renders the cancer susceptible for the treatment with the antibody that specifically binds to human ANG-2. | The present invention relates to the combination therapy of an antibodies that binds to human angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) with a CD40 agonist.1. A method of treating a patient suffering from cancer comprising
administering to said patient an antibody that specifically binds to human angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) in combination with a CD40 agonist. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody is human or humanized. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody specifically binds to human ANG2 with a KD value of less than 1.0×10-8 mol/l, as determined by surface plasmon resonance (Biacore™). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody is an IgG antibody. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody inhibits the interaction of human ANG-2 with TIE2 receptor with an IC50 of 15 nM or less. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the CD40 agonist is an agonistic CD40 antibody or an agonistic CD40L polypeptide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the CD40 agonist is an agonistic CD40 antibody. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-ANG2 antibody is a bispecific antibody that specifically binds to human ANG-2 and that specifically binds to human VEGF. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises an anti-ANG2 antibody arm comprising a heavy chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and a light chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, and an anti-VEGF antibody arm comprising a heavy chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9 and a light chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10; and further wherein the agonistic CD40 agonist is an antibody comprising a heavy chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 and a light chain variable domain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, non small cell lung (NSCL) cancer, bronchioloalviolar cell lung cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the head or neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina, carcinoma of the vulva, Hodgkin's Disease, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system, cancer of the thyroid gland, cancer of the parathyroid gland, cancer of the adrenal gland, sarcoma of soft tissue, cancer of the urethra, cancer of the penis, prostate cancer, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidney or ureter, renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, mesothelioma, hepatocellular cancer, biliary cancer, neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), spinal axis tumors, brain stem glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytomas, schwanomas, ependymonas, medulloblastomas, meningiomas, squamous cell carcinomas, pituitary adenoma, lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the cancer is further characterized by ANG-2 expression or overexpression. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the method delays the progression of cancer. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method prolongs the survival of a patient. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the method stimulates an immune response or function. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the stimulation of the immune response or function is a T cell activity or a macrophage activity. 16. The method of claim 5, wherein the macrophage activity is a CD40-activated macrophage activity. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the method renders the cancer susceptible for the treatment with the antibody that specifically binds to human ANG-2. | 2,800 |
345,775 | 16,804,161 | 2,851 | A predictive queue control and allocation system includes a queue and a queue control server communicatively coupled to the queue. The queue includes a first and second allocation of queue locations. The queue stores a plurality of resources. The queue control server includes an interface and a queue control engine implemented by a processor. The interface monitors the plurality of resources before the plurality of resources are stored in the queue. The queue control engine predicts that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations. The queue control engine prioritizes the plurality of resources being received by the queue. The queue control engine may apply a machine learning technique to the plurality of resources. The queue control engine transfers the plurality of resources prioritized by the machine learning technique. | 1. A predictive queue control and allocation system comprising:
a queue comprising a first allocation of queue locations and a second allocation of queue locations, the queue configured to store a plurality of resources; and a queue control server communicatively coupled to the queue, the queue control server comprising a processor configured to:
predict that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations before an overflow occurs, wherein predicting that the queue overflow will occur comprises:
determining a historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
determining a current input rate for the first allocation of queue locations; and
determining that the current input rate exceeds the historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
identify information being analyzed for an application;
determine a correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations; and
prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations as a first resource type or a second resource type based on the correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and the resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations, wherein the first resource type is associated with a higher priority for processing than the second resource type. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first resource type and the second resource type are determined by an application that utilizes the plurality of resources stored in the queue. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein in order to determine that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations, the processor is further configured to:
calculate an input rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; calculate a processing rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; determine a throughput rate based on the input rate and the processing rate. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to prioritize the resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations when the throughput rate is greater than a predetermined rate. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to transfer the plurality of resources prioritized as the second resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the second allocation of queue locations. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the queue further comprises a backup database configured to store the plurality of resources. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein queue control server is further configured to:
prioritize the plurality of resources being received by the queue according to a third resource type; prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations using the third resource type; and transfer the plurality of resources prioritized as the third resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the backup database. 8. A method for predictive queue control and allocation, comprising:
storing, at a queue, a plurality of resources, wherein the queue comprises a first allocation of queue locations and a second allocation of queue locations; predicting that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations before an overflow occurs, wherein predicting that the queue overflow will occur comprises:
determining a historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
determining a current input rate for the first allocation of queue locations; and
determining that the current input rate exceeds the historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
identifying information being analyzed for an application; and determining a correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations; and prioritizing resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations as a first resource type or a second resource type based on the correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and the resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations, wherein the first resource type is associated with a higher priority for processing than the second resource type. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first resource type and the second resource type are determined by an application that utilizes the plurality of resources stored in the queue. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations, comprises:
calculating an input rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; calculating a processing rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; determining a throughput rate based on the input rate and the processing rate. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising prioritizing the resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations when the throughput rate is greater than a predetermined rate. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising transferring the plurality of resources prioritized as the second resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the second allocation of queue locations. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the queue further comprises a backup database configured to store the plurality of resources. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
prioritizing the plurality of resources being received by the queue according to a third resource type; prioritizing resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations using the third resource type; and transferring the plurality of resources prioritized by the machine learning technique as the third resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the backup database. 15. A predictive queue control server, comprising:
an interface operable to:
monitor a plurality of resources being communicated to a queue, wherein the queue comprises a first allocation of queue locations and a second allocation of queue locations
a processor operably coupled to the interface, and configured to:
predict that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations before an overflow occurs, wherein predicting that the queue overflow will occur comprises:
determining a historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
determining a current input rate for the first allocation of queue locations; and
determining that the current input rate exceeds the historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
identify information being analyzed for an application;
determine a correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations; and
prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations as a first resource type or a second resource type based on the correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and the resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations, wherein the first resource type is associated with a higher priority for processing than the second resource type. 16. The server of claim 15, wherein the first resource type and the second resource type are determined by an application that utilizes the plurality of resources stored in the queue. 17. The server of claim 15, wherein in order to determine that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations, the processor is further configured to:
calculate an input rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; calculate a processing rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; determine a throughput rate based on the input rate and the processing rate. 18. The server of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations when the throughput rate is greater than a predetermined rate. 19. The server of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to transfer the plurality of resources prioritized as the second resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the second allocation of queue locations. 20. The server of claim 15, wherein server is further configured to:
prioritize the plurality of resources being received by the queue according to a third resource type; prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations using the third resource type; and transfer the plurality of resources prioritized by the machine learning technique as the third resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to a backup database of the queue. | A predictive queue control and allocation system includes a queue and a queue control server communicatively coupled to the queue. The queue includes a first and second allocation of queue locations. The queue stores a plurality of resources. The queue control server includes an interface and a queue control engine implemented by a processor. The interface monitors the plurality of resources before the plurality of resources are stored in the queue. The queue control engine predicts that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations. The queue control engine prioritizes the plurality of resources being received by the queue. The queue control engine may apply a machine learning technique to the plurality of resources. The queue control engine transfers the plurality of resources prioritized by the machine learning technique.1. A predictive queue control and allocation system comprising:
a queue comprising a first allocation of queue locations and a second allocation of queue locations, the queue configured to store a plurality of resources; and a queue control server communicatively coupled to the queue, the queue control server comprising a processor configured to:
predict that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations before an overflow occurs, wherein predicting that the queue overflow will occur comprises:
determining a historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
determining a current input rate for the first allocation of queue locations; and
determining that the current input rate exceeds the historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
identify information being analyzed for an application;
determine a correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations; and
prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations as a first resource type or a second resource type based on the correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and the resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations, wherein the first resource type is associated with a higher priority for processing than the second resource type. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first resource type and the second resource type are determined by an application that utilizes the plurality of resources stored in the queue. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein in order to determine that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations, the processor is further configured to:
calculate an input rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; calculate a processing rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; determine a throughput rate based on the input rate and the processing rate. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to prioritize the resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations when the throughput rate is greater than a predetermined rate. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to transfer the plurality of resources prioritized as the second resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the second allocation of queue locations. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the queue further comprises a backup database configured to store the plurality of resources. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein queue control server is further configured to:
prioritize the plurality of resources being received by the queue according to a third resource type; prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations using the third resource type; and transfer the plurality of resources prioritized as the third resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the backup database. 8. A method for predictive queue control and allocation, comprising:
storing, at a queue, a plurality of resources, wherein the queue comprises a first allocation of queue locations and a second allocation of queue locations; predicting that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations before an overflow occurs, wherein predicting that the queue overflow will occur comprises:
determining a historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
determining a current input rate for the first allocation of queue locations; and
determining that the current input rate exceeds the historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
identifying information being analyzed for an application; and determining a correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations; and prioritizing resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations as a first resource type or a second resource type based on the correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and the resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations, wherein the first resource type is associated with a higher priority for processing than the second resource type. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first resource type and the second resource type are determined by an application that utilizes the plurality of resources stored in the queue. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations, comprises:
calculating an input rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; calculating a processing rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; determining a throughput rate based on the input rate and the processing rate. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising prioritizing the resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations when the throughput rate is greater than a predetermined rate. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising transferring the plurality of resources prioritized as the second resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the second allocation of queue locations. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the queue further comprises a backup database configured to store the plurality of resources. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
prioritizing the plurality of resources being received by the queue according to a third resource type; prioritizing resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations using the third resource type; and transferring the plurality of resources prioritized by the machine learning technique as the third resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the backup database. 15. A predictive queue control server, comprising:
an interface operable to:
monitor a plurality of resources being communicated to a queue, wherein the queue comprises a first allocation of queue locations and a second allocation of queue locations
a processor operably coupled to the interface, and configured to:
predict that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations before an overflow occurs, wherein predicting that the queue overflow will occur comprises:
determining a historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
determining a current input rate for the first allocation of queue locations; and
determining that the current input rate exceeds the historical input rate for the first allocation of queue locations;
identify information being analyzed for an application;
determine a correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations; and
prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations as a first resource type or a second resource type based on the correlation between the information being analyzed for the application and the resource data in the plurality of resources stored in the first allocation of queue locations, wherein the first resource type is associated with a higher priority for processing than the second resource type. 16. The server of claim 15, wherein the first resource type and the second resource type are determined by an application that utilizes the plurality of resources stored in the queue. 17. The server of claim 15, wherein in order to determine that one or more conditions indicate that a queue overflow will occur in the first allocation of queue locations, the processor is further configured to:
calculate an input rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; calculate a processing rate of the plurality of resources being stored in the first allocation of queue locations; determine a throughput rate based on the input rate and the processing rate. 18. The server of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations when the throughput rate is greater than a predetermined rate. 19. The server of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to transfer the plurality of resources prioritized as the second resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to the second allocation of queue locations. 20. The server of claim 15, wherein server is further configured to:
prioritize the plurality of resources being received by the queue according to a third resource type; prioritize resource data stored in the first allocation of queue locations using the third resource type; and transfer the plurality of resources prioritized by the machine learning technique as the third resource type from the first allocation of queue locations to a backup database of the queue. | 2,800 |
345,776 | 16,804,213 | 2,662 | An information processing device, an information processing method, a recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method, and a biomedical-signal measuring system. The information processing device includes circuitry to control a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject, and control the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image. The result of the analysis indicates activity of the live subject. The information processing method includes controlling a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject, and controlling the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image. | 1. An information processing device comprising circuitry to:
control a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject; and control the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image, the result of the analysis indicating activity of the live subject. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the result of the analysis includes a plurality of results of the analysis, wherein the second image includes a plurality of second images, and wherein the circuitry controls the display to display the plurality of second images indicative of the plurality of results of the analysis on the biological image. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, wherein, when the plurality of second images are superimposed on the biological image, the circuitry controls the display not to superimpose any image on a site or portion of the biological image in which no activity of the live subject is recognized in any one of the plurality of results of the analysis. 4. The information processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the analysis is time-frequency analysis, and wherein the circuitry controls the display to superimpose a first intensity distribution of a biomedical signal of the live subject at a time and frequency specified in the time-frequency analysis on the biological image as the second image. 5. The information processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the estimated site or portion of the live subject includes a plurality of estimated sites or portions of the live subject, and wherein the circuitry controls the display to superimpose the first image indicative of the plurality of estimated sites or portions of the live subject on the biological image. 6. The information processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the biological image is a sectional image of the live subject, and wherein the circuitry controls the display to display the sectional image including the estimated site or portion. 7. The information processing device according to claim 6 wherein the circuitry controls the display to display a second intensity distribution of a biomedical signal of the live subject, where at least one scale of the second intensity distribution is in time, and wherein, when a display of the sectional image including the estimated site or portion is switched by the circuitry, the circuitry maintains display of the second intensity distribution with no change. 8. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein the estimated site or portion of the live subject is specified by dipole estimation. 9. The information processing device according to claim 8, wherein the circuitry controls the display to superimpose an area indicative of a probability that a dipole is included specified by the dipole estimation on the biological image, together with the first image. 10. A method of processing information, the method comprising:
controlling a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject; and controlling the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image, the result of the analysis indicating activity of the live subject. 11. A computer-readable non-transitory recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a method, the method comprising:
controlling a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject; and controlling the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image, the result of the analysis indicating activity of the live subject. 12. A biomedical-signal measuring system comprising:
a measurement device configured to measure at least one kind of biomedical signal of a test subject; and the information processing device according to claim 1. | An information processing device, an information processing method, a recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method, and a biomedical-signal measuring system. The information processing device includes circuitry to control a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject, and control the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image. The result of the analysis indicates activity of the live subject. The information processing method includes controlling a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject, and controlling the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image.1. An information processing device comprising circuitry to:
control a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject; and control the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image, the result of the analysis indicating activity of the live subject. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the result of the analysis includes a plurality of results of the analysis, wherein the second image includes a plurality of second images, and wherein the circuitry controls the display to display the plurality of second images indicative of the plurality of results of the analysis on the biological image. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, wherein, when the plurality of second images are superimposed on the biological image, the circuitry controls the display not to superimpose any image on a site or portion of the biological image in which no activity of the live subject is recognized in any one of the plurality of results of the analysis. 4. The information processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the analysis is time-frequency analysis, and wherein the circuitry controls the display to superimpose a first intensity distribution of a biomedical signal of the live subject at a time and frequency specified in the time-frequency analysis on the biological image as the second image. 5. The information processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the estimated site or portion of the live subject includes a plurality of estimated sites or portions of the live subject, and wherein the circuitry controls the display to superimpose the first image indicative of the plurality of estimated sites or portions of the live subject on the biological image. 6. The information processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the biological image is a sectional image of the live subject, and wherein the circuitry controls the display to display the sectional image including the estimated site or portion. 7. The information processing device according to claim 6 wherein the circuitry controls the display to display a second intensity distribution of a biomedical signal of the live subject, where at least one scale of the second intensity distribution is in time, and wherein, when a display of the sectional image including the estimated site or portion is switched by the circuitry, the circuitry maintains display of the second intensity distribution with no change. 8. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein the estimated site or portion of the live subject is specified by dipole estimation. 9. The information processing device according to claim 8, wherein the circuitry controls the display to superimpose an area indicative of a probability that a dipole is included specified by the dipole estimation on the biological image, together with the first image. 10. A method of processing information, the method comprising:
controlling a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject; and controlling the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image, the result of the analysis indicating activity of the live subject. 11. A computer-readable non-transitory recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a method, the method comprising:
controlling a display to superimpose a first image indicative of an estimated site or portion of a live subject on a biological image of the live subject; and controlling the display to superimpose a second image indicative of a result of analysis on the biological image, the result of the analysis indicating activity of the live subject. 12. A biomedical-signal measuring system comprising:
a measurement device configured to measure at least one kind of biomedical signal of a test subject; and the information processing device according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
345,777 | 16,804,182 | 2,662 | A fabric made by the method of providing a non-woven batt having flame retardant fibers, stitch bonding the non-woven batt with an elastic yarn, and heat treatment the stitch bonded, non-woven batt. The stitch bonded non-woven batt is exposed to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. for a period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds, and contracts in the machine direction in a range of 5% to 65% and in the cross-direction in a range of 20% to 70%. In an embodiment, the fabric is adapted for use as a mattress core cover. | 1. A method of making a fabric, comprising the steps of:
providing a non-woven batt having flame retardant fibers, a machine direction and cross-direction; stitch bonding the non-woven batt with an elastic yarn; and heat treating the stitch bonded, non-woven batt and contracting the elastic yarn and the non-woven batt by exposing the stitch bonded non-woven batt to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. for a time period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds, wherein the stitch-bonded, non-woven batt is contracted in the machine direction in a range of 5% to 65% and in the cross-direction in a range of 20% to 70%. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant fibers include flame retardant rayon. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant fibers include polyaramids. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the flame retardant fibers are a blend of inherently flame retardant cellulosic fibers and polyaramid fibers. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the blend of inherently flame retardant cellulosic fibers and polyaramid fibers are in a range of 1% to 30% by weight of the total weight of the non-woven batt. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the flame retardant fibers include polyester fibers. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the polyester fibers are in a range of 1% to 20% of the total weight of the non-woven batt. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the flame retardant fibers include modacrylic fibers. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the modacrylic fibers are in a range of 1% to 50% of the total weight of the non-woven batt. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the density of the flame retardant fibers of the non-woven batt is in a range of 1.5 denier to 7 denier. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-woven batt is from 60% to 90% by weight of a total weight of the fabric. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the elastic yarn includes filament polyester. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a density of the elastic yarn is in a range of 75 denier to 300 denier. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the elastic yarn is from 10% to 40% by weight of the total weight of the fabric. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of stitch bonding the non-woven batt includes creating stitches with the elastic yarn, and wherein the spacing of the stitches is in a range from 10 yarns/inch to 28 yarns/inch. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight of the fabric is in a range of 50 grams per square meter (gsm) to 400 grams per square meter (gsm). 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of coating the heat treated, stitch bonded, non-woven fabric with a coating. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the coating includes a nanoclay. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the fabric is adapted for use as a mattress core cover. 20. A method of making a fabric, comprising the steps of:
providing a batt having flame retardant fibers, a machine direction, and a cross-direction; stitch bonding the batt with a yarn; and heat treating the stitch bonded batt and contracting the batt, wherein the stitch-bonded batt is contracted in the machine direction in a range of 5% to 65% and in the cross-direction in a range of 20% to 70%. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature for a time period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds. 23. A method of making a fabric, comprising the steps of:
providing a batt having flame retardant fibers, a machine direction, and a cross-direction; stitch bonding the batt with a yarn; and heat treating the stitch bonded batt and contracting the batt, wherein the stitch-bonded batt is contracted in the machine direction in a range of 5% to 65%. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature for a time period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds. 26. A method of making a fabric, comprising the steps of:
providing a batt having flame retardant fibers, a machine direction, and a cross-direction; stitch bonding the batt with a yarn; and heat treating the stitch bonded batt and contracting the batt, wherein the stitch-bonded batt is contracted in the cross-direction in a range of 20% to 70%. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature for a time period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds. | A fabric made by the method of providing a non-woven batt having flame retardant fibers, stitch bonding the non-woven batt with an elastic yarn, and heat treatment the stitch bonded, non-woven batt. The stitch bonded non-woven batt is exposed to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. for a period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds, and contracts in the machine direction in a range of 5% to 65% and in the cross-direction in a range of 20% to 70%. In an embodiment, the fabric is adapted for use as a mattress core cover.1. A method of making a fabric, comprising the steps of:
providing a non-woven batt having flame retardant fibers, a machine direction and cross-direction; stitch bonding the non-woven batt with an elastic yarn; and heat treating the stitch bonded, non-woven batt and contracting the elastic yarn and the non-woven batt by exposing the stitch bonded non-woven batt to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. for a time period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds, wherein the stitch-bonded, non-woven batt is contracted in the machine direction in a range of 5% to 65% and in the cross-direction in a range of 20% to 70%. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant fibers include flame retardant rayon. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant fibers include polyaramids. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the flame retardant fibers are a blend of inherently flame retardant cellulosic fibers and polyaramid fibers. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the blend of inherently flame retardant cellulosic fibers and polyaramid fibers are in a range of 1% to 30% by weight of the total weight of the non-woven batt. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the flame retardant fibers include polyester fibers. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the polyester fibers are in a range of 1% to 20% of the total weight of the non-woven batt. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the flame retardant fibers include modacrylic fibers. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the modacrylic fibers are in a range of 1% to 50% of the total weight of the non-woven batt. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the density of the flame retardant fibers of the non-woven batt is in a range of 1.5 denier to 7 denier. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-woven batt is from 60% to 90% by weight of a total weight of the fabric. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the elastic yarn includes filament polyester. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a density of the elastic yarn is in a range of 75 denier to 300 denier. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the elastic yarn is from 10% to 40% by weight of the total weight of the fabric. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of stitch bonding the non-woven batt includes creating stitches with the elastic yarn, and wherein the spacing of the stitches is in a range from 10 yarns/inch to 28 yarns/inch. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight of the fabric is in a range of 50 grams per square meter (gsm) to 400 grams per square meter (gsm). 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of coating the heat treated, stitch bonded, non-woven fabric with a coating. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the coating includes a nanoclay. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the fabric is adapted for use as a mattress core cover. 20. A method of making a fabric, comprising the steps of:
providing a batt having flame retardant fibers, a machine direction, and a cross-direction; stitch bonding the batt with a yarn; and heat treating the stitch bonded batt and contracting the batt, wherein the stitch-bonded batt is contracted in the machine direction in a range of 5% to 65% and in the cross-direction in a range of 20% to 70%. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature for a time period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds. 23. A method of making a fabric, comprising the steps of:
providing a batt having flame retardant fibers, a machine direction, and a cross-direction; stitch bonding the batt with a yarn; and heat treating the stitch bonded batt and contracting the batt, wherein the stitch-bonded batt is contracted in the machine direction in a range of 5% to 65%. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature for a time period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds. 26. A method of making a fabric, comprising the steps of:
providing a batt having flame retardant fibers, a machine direction, and a cross-direction; stitch bonding the batt with a yarn; and heat treating the stitch bonded batt and contracting the batt, wherein the stitch-bonded batt is contracted in the cross-direction in a range of 20% to 70%. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature in a range of 65° C. to 200° C. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the heat treating step includes exposing the stitch bonded batt to a temperature for a time period in a range of 30 seconds to 120 seconds. | 2,600 |
345,778 | 16,804,210 | 3,636 | A hunting stand includes a step configured for engagement to a support structure. The step includes two step legs configured to engage the support structure, and a crossbar extending between the two step legs. A platform is installed to the step. The platform is configured to at least partially support a person at a top surface of the platform. The platform includes a first engagement feature engaged to the crossbar. | 1. A hunting stand comprising:
a step configured for engagement to a support structure, the step including:
two step legs configured to engage the support structure; and
a crossbar extending between the two step legs; and
a platform installed to the step, the platform configured to at least partially support a person at a top surface of the platform, the platform including a first engagement feature engaged to the crossbar. 2. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the platform further includes a second engagement feature engaged to the two step legs. 3. The hunting stand of claim 2, wherein the second engagement feature comprises a platform channel formed in a platform base. 4. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the first engagement feature is at least one platform hook disposed at a bottom side of the platform. 5. The hunting stand of claim 1, further comprising one or more traction-enhancing features disposed at a top side of the platform. 6. The hunting stand of claim 5, wherein the one or more traction-enhancing features are one or more scallops or notches in the top side of the platform. 7. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the platform comprises one or more platform rails extending from a platform base. 8. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the platform base abuts the support structure and includes a scallop to improve fit to the support structure. 9. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the platform is formed from a metallic material with one or more coatings applied thereto. 10. The hunting stand of claim 1, further comprising a rope operably connected to the step to secure the step to the support structure. 11. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the two step legs are joined at a first leg end and extend from the first leg end at a leg angle toward a second leg end. 12. The hunting stand of claim 11, wherein each step leg includes a curvilinear transition portion between the first leg end and the second leg end. 13. The hunting stand of claim 11, wherein the two step legs are configured to engage the support structure at each of the first leg end and the second leg end. 14. A hunting stand comprising:
a step configured for engagement to a support structure, the step including:
two step legs configured to engage the support structure, wherein the two step legs are joined at a first leg end and extend from the first leg end at a leg angle toward a second leg end, the two step legs configured to engage the support structure at each of the first leg end and the second leg end; and
a crossbar extending between the two step legs; and
a platform installed to the step, the platform configured to at least partially support a person at a top surface of the platform, the platform including a first engagement feature engaged to the crossbar. 15. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the platform further includes a second engagement feature engaged to the two step legs, the second engagement feature comprising a platform channel formed in a platform base. 16. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the first engagement feature is at least one platform hook disposed at a bottom side of the platform. 17. The hunting stand of claim 14, further comprising one or more traction-enhancing features disposed at a top side of the platform. 18. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the one or more traction-enhancing features are one or more scallops or notches in the top side of the platform. 19. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the platform comprises one or more platform rails extending from a platform base. 20. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the platform base abuts the support structure and includes a scallop to improve fit to the support structure. | A hunting stand includes a step configured for engagement to a support structure. The step includes two step legs configured to engage the support structure, and a crossbar extending between the two step legs. A platform is installed to the step. The platform is configured to at least partially support a person at a top surface of the platform. The platform includes a first engagement feature engaged to the crossbar.1. A hunting stand comprising:
a step configured for engagement to a support structure, the step including:
two step legs configured to engage the support structure; and
a crossbar extending between the two step legs; and
a platform installed to the step, the platform configured to at least partially support a person at a top surface of the platform, the platform including a first engagement feature engaged to the crossbar. 2. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the platform further includes a second engagement feature engaged to the two step legs. 3. The hunting stand of claim 2, wherein the second engagement feature comprises a platform channel formed in a platform base. 4. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the first engagement feature is at least one platform hook disposed at a bottom side of the platform. 5. The hunting stand of claim 1, further comprising one or more traction-enhancing features disposed at a top side of the platform. 6. The hunting stand of claim 5, wherein the one or more traction-enhancing features are one or more scallops or notches in the top side of the platform. 7. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the platform comprises one or more platform rails extending from a platform base. 8. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the platform base abuts the support structure and includes a scallop to improve fit to the support structure. 9. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the platform is formed from a metallic material with one or more coatings applied thereto. 10. The hunting stand of claim 1, further comprising a rope operably connected to the step to secure the step to the support structure. 11. The hunting stand of claim 1, wherein the two step legs are joined at a first leg end and extend from the first leg end at a leg angle toward a second leg end. 12. The hunting stand of claim 11, wherein each step leg includes a curvilinear transition portion between the first leg end and the second leg end. 13. The hunting stand of claim 11, wherein the two step legs are configured to engage the support structure at each of the first leg end and the second leg end. 14. A hunting stand comprising:
a step configured for engagement to a support structure, the step including:
two step legs configured to engage the support structure, wherein the two step legs are joined at a first leg end and extend from the first leg end at a leg angle toward a second leg end, the two step legs configured to engage the support structure at each of the first leg end and the second leg end; and
a crossbar extending between the two step legs; and
a platform installed to the step, the platform configured to at least partially support a person at a top surface of the platform, the platform including a first engagement feature engaged to the crossbar. 15. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the platform further includes a second engagement feature engaged to the two step legs, the second engagement feature comprising a platform channel formed in a platform base. 16. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the first engagement feature is at least one platform hook disposed at a bottom side of the platform. 17. The hunting stand of claim 14, further comprising one or more traction-enhancing features disposed at a top side of the platform. 18. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the one or more traction-enhancing features are one or more scallops or notches in the top side of the platform. 19. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the platform comprises one or more platform rails extending from a platform base. 20. The hunting stand of claim 14, wherein the platform base abuts the support structure and includes a scallop to improve fit to the support structure. | 3,600 |
345,779 | 16,804,202 | 3,734 | The description pertains to a bag for shipping goods in the mail order business with a front side, a back side, a left side, a right side, a bottom side and a bag opening with an opening edge for the insertion and removal of the goods. This bag should be further developed in such a way that, on the one hand, it can accommodate a variety of different and differently sized goods in a manner that is safe for shipping and transport and on the other hand that it can be used as a reusable mailing bag in order to avoid unnecessary waste. To solve this problem, it is proposed to arrange back-side closure means at a back distance from the opening edge and to arrange first closure means on the front side at a first front-side distance from the opening edge and second front-side closure means at a second front-side distance from the opening edge, wherein the first front-side distance is smaller than the second front-side distance and the back-side distance is smaller than the first front-side distance, so that the bag opening becomes closable by turning over an upper region of the back side to the front side and connecting the back-side closure means to the first front-side closure means to provide a larger bag volume or to the second front closure means to provide a smaller bag volume. | 1. Bag (1) for shipping goods in the mail order business with a front side (2), a back side (3), a left side (4), a right side (5), a bottom side (11) and a bag opening (6) comprising an opening edge (7) for inserting and removing the goods,
characterized in that
Back-side closure means (8) are arranged on the back side (3) at a back-side distance (a) to the opening edge (7),
first front-side closure means (9) are arranged on the front side (2) with a first front distance (a1) to the opening edge (7) and second front closure means (10) are arranged with a second front distance (a2) to the opening edge (7),
wherein the first front-side distance (a1) is smaller than the second front-side distance (a2) and the back-side distance (a) is smaller than the first front-side distance (a1), so that the bag opening (6) becomes closable by turning over an upper region of the back side (3) to the front side (2) and connecting the back-side closure means (8) with the first front-side closure means (9) to provide a larger bag volume or with the second front-side closure means (10) to provide a smaller bag volume. 2. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that the back-side distance (a) is less than or equal to 30% of the first front-side distance (a1). 3. Bag according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the first front-side distance (a1) is less than or equal to 60% of the second front-side distance (a2). 4. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that the back-side closure means have at least one back side loop (8), the first front-side closure means have at least one first front-side loop (9) and the second front-side closure means have at least one second front side loop (10), wherein the at least one back side loop (8) can be connected with the aid of the typing means to the at least one first front side loop (9) or to the at least one second front side loop (10). 5. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that on the left side (4) and on the right side (5) lateral compression means (12, 14) are arranged for gathering the left side (4) and the right side (5) so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced, thereby holding the goods in the bag in place. 6. Bag according to claim 5,
characterized in that the lateral compression means are formed by Velcro fasteners (12, 14), which are spaced apart from a front plane spanning across the front side (2) and from a back plane spanning across the back side (3). 7. Bag according to claim 5,
characterized in that the lateral compression means are formed by snap fastener means, which are spaced apart from a front plane spanning across the front side (2) and from a back plane spanning across the back side (3). 8. Bag according to claim 5,
characterized in that the lateral compression means are formed by zipper fasteners, which are spaced apart from a front plane spanning across the front side (2) and from a back plane spanning across the back side (3). 9. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that compression means (13) are arranged on the bottom side (11) for gathering the bottom side (11) so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced and the goods in the bag held in place. 10. Bag according to claim 9,
characterized in that the bottom side compression means are formed by Velcro fasteners (13). 11. Bag according to claim 9,
characterized in that the bottom compression means are formed by snap fasteners. 12. Bag according to claim 9,
characterized in that the bottom compression means are formed by zipper means. 13. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that the bag has a shipping window unit (15) with an opening (25) for inserting a shipping label into the shipping window unit (15), a closure flap (16) for closing the opening (25), so that the shipping label does not fall out of the shipping window unit (15). 14. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that a carrying strap is arranged on the front side (2) and on the back side (3) such that the bag can be used by the recipient as a carrying bag after the goods have been delivered to a recipient. 15. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that the bag is designed as a reusable, returnable mailing bag. 16. Bag according to claim 2,
characterized in that the back-side closure means comprise at least a back-side loop (8), the first front-side closure means comprise at least a first front-side loop (9) and the second front-side closure means at least a second front-side loop (10), wherein the at least one back-side loop (8) can be connected by means of tying means with the at least one first front-side loop (9) or with the at least one second front-side loop (10). 17. Bag according to claim 3,
characterized in that the back-side closure means comprise at least a back-side loop (8), the first front-side closure means comprise at least a first front-side loop (9) and the second front-side closure means at least a back-side loop (10), wherein the at least one back-side loop (8) can be connected by means of tying means with the at least one first front-side loop (9) or with the at least second front-side loop (10). 18. Bag according to claim 4,
characterized in that lateral compression means (12, 14) are arranged on the left (4) and on the right side (5) for gathering the left side (4) and the right side (5) so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced, which makes it possible to hold the in the bag in place. 19. Bag according to claim 4,
characterized in that bottom-side compression means (13) are arranged on the bottom side (11) for gathering the bottom side (11) so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced, which makes it possible to hold the goods in the bag in place. 20. Bag according to claim 5,
characterized in that bottom-side compression means (13) are arranged on the bottom side (11) for gathering the bottom side (11), so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced, which makes it possible to hold the goods in the bag in place. | The description pertains to a bag for shipping goods in the mail order business with a front side, a back side, a left side, a right side, a bottom side and a bag opening with an opening edge for the insertion and removal of the goods. This bag should be further developed in such a way that, on the one hand, it can accommodate a variety of different and differently sized goods in a manner that is safe for shipping and transport and on the other hand that it can be used as a reusable mailing bag in order to avoid unnecessary waste. To solve this problem, it is proposed to arrange back-side closure means at a back distance from the opening edge and to arrange first closure means on the front side at a first front-side distance from the opening edge and second front-side closure means at a second front-side distance from the opening edge, wherein the first front-side distance is smaller than the second front-side distance and the back-side distance is smaller than the first front-side distance, so that the bag opening becomes closable by turning over an upper region of the back side to the front side and connecting the back-side closure means to the first front-side closure means to provide a larger bag volume or to the second front closure means to provide a smaller bag volume.1. Bag (1) for shipping goods in the mail order business with a front side (2), a back side (3), a left side (4), a right side (5), a bottom side (11) and a bag opening (6) comprising an opening edge (7) for inserting and removing the goods,
characterized in that
Back-side closure means (8) are arranged on the back side (3) at a back-side distance (a) to the opening edge (7),
first front-side closure means (9) are arranged on the front side (2) with a first front distance (a1) to the opening edge (7) and second front closure means (10) are arranged with a second front distance (a2) to the opening edge (7),
wherein the first front-side distance (a1) is smaller than the second front-side distance (a2) and the back-side distance (a) is smaller than the first front-side distance (a1), so that the bag opening (6) becomes closable by turning over an upper region of the back side (3) to the front side (2) and connecting the back-side closure means (8) with the first front-side closure means (9) to provide a larger bag volume or with the second front-side closure means (10) to provide a smaller bag volume. 2. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that the back-side distance (a) is less than or equal to 30% of the first front-side distance (a1). 3. Bag according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the first front-side distance (a1) is less than or equal to 60% of the second front-side distance (a2). 4. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that the back-side closure means have at least one back side loop (8), the first front-side closure means have at least one first front-side loop (9) and the second front-side closure means have at least one second front side loop (10), wherein the at least one back side loop (8) can be connected with the aid of the typing means to the at least one first front side loop (9) or to the at least one second front side loop (10). 5. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that on the left side (4) and on the right side (5) lateral compression means (12, 14) are arranged for gathering the left side (4) and the right side (5) so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced, thereby holding the goods in the bag in place. 6. Bag according to claim 5,
characterized in that the lateral compression means are formed by Velcro fasteners (12, 14), which are spaced apart from a front plane spanning across the front side (2) and from a back plane spanning across the back side (3). 7. Bag according to claim 5,
characterized in that the lateral compression means are formed by snap fastener means, which are spaced apart from a front plane spanning across the front side (2) and from a back plane spanning across the back side (3). 8. Bag according to claim 5,
characterized in that the lateral compression means are formed by zipper fasteners, which are spaced apart from a front plane spanning across the front side (2) and from a back plane spanning across the back side (3). 9. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that compression means (13) are arranged on the bottom side (11) for gathering the bottom side (11) so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced and the goods in the bag held in place. 10. Bag according to claim 9,
characterized in that the bottom side compression means are formed by Velcro fasteners (13). 11. Bag according to claim 9,
characterized in that the bottom compression means are formed by snap fasteners. 12. Bag according to claim 9,
characterized in that the bottom compression means are formed by zipper means. 13. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that the bag has a shipping window unit (15) with an opening (25) for inserting a shipping label into the shipping window unit (15), a closure flap (16) for closing the opening (25), so that the shipping label does not fall out of the shipping window unit (15). 14. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that a carrying strap is arranged on the front side (2) and on the back side (3) such that the bag can be used by the recipient as a carrying bag after the goods have been delivered to a recipient. 15. Bag according to claim 1,
characterized in that the bag is designed as a reusable, returnable mailing bag. 16. Bag according to claim 2,
characterized in that the back-side closure means comprise at least a back-side loop (8), the first front-side closure means comprise at least a first front-side loop (9) and the second front-side closure means at least a second front-side loop (10), wherein the at least one back-side loop (8) can be connected by means of tying means with the at least one first front-side loop (9) or with the at least one second front-side loop (10). 17. Bag according to claim 3,
characterized in that the back-side closure means comprise at least a back-side loop (8), the first front-side closure means comprise at least a first front-side loop (9) and the second front-side closure means at least a back-side loop (10), wherein the at least one back-side loop (8) can be connected by means of tying means with the at least one first front-side loop (9) or with the at least second front-side loop (10). 18. Bag according to claim 4,
characterized in that lateral compression means (12, 14) are arranged on the left (4) and on the right side (5) for gathering the left side (4) and the right side (5) so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced, which makes it possible to hold the in the bag in place. 19. Bag according to claim 4,
characterized in that bottom-side compression means (13) are arranged on the bottom side (11) for gathering the bottom side (11) so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced, which makes it possible to hold the goods in the bag in place. 20. Bag according to claim 5,
characterized in that bottom-side compression means (13) are arranged on the bottom side (11) for gathering the bottom side (11), so that the larger bag volume or the smaller bag volume can be reduced, which makes it possible to hold the goods in the bag in place. | 3,700 |
345,780 | 16,804,168 | 3,734 | Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to dispensing beverages from a beverage dispensing machine and include determining, from computer-readable media, pour parameters for a beverage of a plurality of beverages, the pour parameters being specific to the beverage, at least one pour parameter including a tilt value, and automatically, by the beverage dispensing machine: rotating a drum that holds a vessel to achieve the tilt value, initiating dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from a tap, automatically rotating the drum to reduce the tilt value of the vessel during dispensing of the beverage, and ceasing dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from the tap, the tilt value being substantially zero upon ceasing. | 1. A computer-implemented method for dispensing beverages from a beverage dispensing machine, the method comprising:
determining, from computer-readable media, pour parameters for a beverage of a plurality of beverages, the pour parameters being specific to the beverage, at least one pour parameter comprising a tilt value; and automatically, by the beverage dispensing machine:
rotating a drum that holds a vessel to achieve the tilt value,
initiating dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from a tap,
automatically rotating the drum to reduce the tilt value of the vessel during dispensing of the beverage, and
ceasing dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from the tap, the tilt value being substantially zero upon ceasing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a flow rate and the beverage is dispensed substantially at the flow rate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a variable flow rate and the beverage is dispensed at a flow rate that varies based on the variable flow rate during dispensing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for any beverage dispensed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for a first beverage that is dispensed and rotates in a second direction for a second beverage that is dispensed, the second direction different from the first direction. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing data used to determine features of the beverage of the beverage and adjusting one or more pour parameters based on at least one feature. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more pour parameters are adjusted during dispensing of the beverage. 8. A beverage dispensing system, comprising:
a beverage dispenser; and a computer-readable storage device coupled to the one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations for dispensing beverages from a beverage dispensing machine, the operations comprising:
determining, from computer-readable media, pour parameters for a beverage of a plurality of beverages, the pour parameters being specific to the beverage, at least one pour parameter comprising a tilt value; and
automatically, by the beverage dispensing machine:
rotating a drum that holds a vessel to achieve the tilt value,
initiating dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from a tap,
automatically rotating the drum to reduce the tilt value of the vessel during dispensing of the beverage, and
ceasing dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from the tap, the tilt value being substantially zero upon ceasing. 9. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a flow rate and the beverage is dispensed substantially at the flow rate. 10. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a variable flow rate and the beverage is dispensed at a flow rate that varies based on the variable flow rate during dispensing. 11. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for any beverage dispensed. 12. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for a first beverage that is dispensed and rotates in a second direction for a second beverage that is dispensed, the second direction different from the first direction. 13. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein operations further comprise providing data used to determine features of the beverage of the beverage and adjusting one or more pour parameters based on at least one feature. 14. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the one or more pour parameters are adjusted during dispensing of the beverage. 15. Computer-readable storage media coupled to the one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations for dispensing beverages from a beverage dispensing machine, the operations comprising:
determining, from computer-readable memory, pour parameters for a beverage of a plurality of beverages, the pour parameters being specific to the beverage, at least one pour parameter comprising a tilt value; and automatically, by the beverage dispensing machine:
rotating a drum that holds a vessel to achieve the tilt value,
initiating dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from a tap,
automatically rotating the drum to reduce the tilt value of the vessel during dispensing of the beverage, and
ceasing dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from the tap, the tilt value being substantially zero upon ceasing. 16. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a flow rate and the beverage is dispensed substantially at the flow rate. 17. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a variable flow rate and the beverage is dispensed at a flow rate that varies based on the variable flow rate during dispensing. 18. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for any beverage dispensed. 19. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for a first beverage that is dispensed and rotates in a second direction for a second beverage that is dispensed, the second direction different from the first direction. 20. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein operations further comprise providing data used to determine features of the beverage of the beverage and adjusting one or more pour parameters based on at least one feature. | Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to dispensing beverages from a beverage dispensing machine and include determining, from computer-readable media, pour parameters for a beverage of a plurality of beverages, the pour parameters being specific to the beverage, at least one pour parameter including a tilt value, and automatically, by the beverage dispensing machine: rotating a drum that holds a vessel to achieve the tilt value, initiating dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from a tap, automatically rotating the drum to reduce the tilt value of the vessel during dispensing of the beverage, and ceasing dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from the tap, the tilt value being substantially zero upon ceasing.1. A computer-implemented method for dispensing beverages from a beverage dispensing machine, the method comprising:
determining, from computer-readable media, pour parameters for a beverage of a plurality of beverages, the pour parameters being specific to the beverage, at least one pour parameter comprising a tilt value; and automatically, by the beverage dispensing machine:
rotating a drum that holds a vessel to achieve the tilt value,
initiating dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from a tap,
automatically rotating the drum to reduce the tilt value of the vessel during dispensing of the beverage, and
ceasing dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from the tap, the tilt value being substantially zero upon ceasing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a flow rate and the beverage is dispensed substantially at the flow rate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a variable flow rate and the beverage is dispensed at a flow rate that varies based on the variable flow rate during dispensing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for any beverage dispensed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for a first beverage that is dispensed and rotates in a second direction for a second beverage that is dispensed, the second direction different from the first direction. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing data used to determine features of the beverage of the beverage and adjusting one or more pour parameters based on at least one feature. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more pour parameters are adjusted during dispensing of the beverage. 8. A beverage dispensing system, comprising:
a beverage dispenser; and a computer-readable storage device coupled to the one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations for dispensing beverages from a beverage dispensing machine, the operations comprising:
determining, from computer-readable media, pour parameters for a beverage of a plurality of beverages, the pour parameters being specific to the beverage, at least one pour parameter comprising a tilt value; and
automatically, by the beverage dispensing machine:
rotating a drum that holds a vessel to achieve the tilt value,
initiating dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from a tap,
automatically rotating the drum to reduce the tilt value of the vessel during dispensing of the beverage, and
ceasing dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from the tap, the tilt value being substantially zero upon ceasing. 9. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a flow rate and the beverage is dispensed substantially at the flow rate. 10. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a variable flow rate and the beverage is dispensed at a flow rate that varies based on the variable flow rate during dispensing. 11. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for any beverage dispensed. 12. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for a first beverage that is dispensed and rotates in a second direction for a second beverage that is dispensed, the second direction different from the first direction. 13. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein operations further comprise providing data used to determine features of the beverage of the beverage and adjusting one or more pour parameters based on at least one feature. 14. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the one or more pour parameters are adjusted during dispensing of the beverage. 15. Computer-readable storage media coupled to the one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations for dispensing beverages from a beverage dispensing machine, the operations comprising:
determining, from computer-readable memory, pour parameters for a beverage of a plurality of beverages, the pour parameters being specific to the beverage, at least one pour parameter comprising a tilt value; and automatically, by the beverage dispensing machine:
rotating a drum that holds a vessel to achieve the tilt value,
initiating dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from a tap,
automatically rotating the drum to reduce the tilt value of the vessel during dispensing of the beverage, and
ceasing dispensing of the beverage into the vessel from the tap, the tilt value being substantially zero upon ceasing. 16. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a flow rate and the beverage is dispensed substantially at the flow rate. 17. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the pour parameters further comprise a variable flow rate and the beverage is dispensed at a flow rate that varies based on the variable flow rate during dispensing. 18. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for any beverage dispensed. 19. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the drum rotates in a first direction for a first beverage that is dispensed and rotates in a second direction for a second beverage that is dispensed, the second direction different from the first direction. 20. The computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein operations further comprise providing data used to determine features of the beverage of the beverage and adjusting one or more pour parameters based on at least one feature. | 3,700 |
345,781 | 16,804,189 | 3,734 | A transmission method for transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal in the same frequency at the same time. Each signal has been modulated according to a different modulation scheme. The transmission method applies precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix, applies different power change to each signal, and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals, thereby improving received data signal quality for a reception device. | 1. A transmission apparatus comprising:
signal processing circuitry configured to:
generate a first modulated symbol sequence and a second modulated symbol sequence from codeword sequences according to a first modulation scheme and a second modulation scheme, respectively; and
perform precoding and phase change on the first modulated symbol sequence and the second modulated symbol sequence to generate a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal, respectively; and
a transmitter configured to transmit, from antennas, the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal each including a control signal, wherein the control signal includes first information and second information, the first information indicates whether (i) a first matrix or (ii) an identity matrix is used to perform the precoding, the first matrix being selected from among different precoding matrices based on the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, the second information indicates the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and the phase change is performed with a phase that changes for each pair of symbols. 2. A reception apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to receive, via antennas, a first reception signal and a second reception signal each including a control signal, the first reception signal and the second reception signal including a first modulated symbol sequence and a second modulated symbol sequence to which a transmission apparatus has applied precoding and phase change; and signal processing circuitry configured to demodulate the first modulated symbol sequence and the second modulated symbol sequence according to the control signal to generate codeword sequences, wherein the control signal includes first information and second information, the first information indicates whether (i) a first matrix or (ii) an identity matrix is used to perform the precoding, the first matrix being selected from among different precoding matrices based on the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, the second information indicates the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and the phase change is performed with a phase that changes for each pair of symbols. 3. A transmission method comprising:
generating a first modulated symbol sequence and a second modulated symbol sequence from codeword sequences according to a first modulation scheme and a second modulation scheme, respectively; and performing precoding and phase change on the first modulated symbol sequence and the second modulated symbol sequence to generate a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal, respectively; and transmitting, from antennas, the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal each including a control signal, wherein the control signal includes first information and second information, the first information indicates whether (i) a first matrix or (ii) an identity matrix is used to perform the precoding, the first matrix being selected from among different precoding matrices based on the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, the second information indicates the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and the phase change is performed with a phase that changes for each pair of symbols. 4. A reception method comprising:
receiving, via antennas, a first reception signal and a second reception signal each including a control signal, the first reception signal and the second reception signal including a first modulated symbol sequence and a second modulated symbol sequence to which a transmission apparatus has applied precoding and phase change; and demodulating the first modulated symbol sequence and the second modulated symbol sequence according to the control signal to generate codeword sequences, wherein the control signal includes first information and second information, the first information indicates whether (i) a first matrix or (ii) an identity matrix is used to perform the precoding, the first matrix being selected from among different precoding matrices based on the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, the second information indicates the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and the phase change is performed with a phase that changes for each pair of symbols. | A transmission method for transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal in the same frequency at the same time. Each signal has been modulated according to a different modulation scheme. The transmission method applies precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix, applies different power change to each signal, and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals, thereby improving received data signal quality for a reception device.1. A transmission apparatus comprising:
signal processing circuitry configured to:
generate a first modulated symbol sequence and a second modulated symbol sequence from codeword sequences according to a first modulation scheme and a second modulation scheme, respectively; and
perform precoding and phase change on the first modulated symbol sequence and the second modulated symbol sequence to generate a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal, respectively; and
a transmitter configured to transmit, from antennas, the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal each including a control signal, wherein the control signal includes first information and second information, the first information indicates whether (i) a first matrix or (ii) an identity matrix is used to perform the precoding, the first matrix being selected from among different precoding matrices based on the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, the second information indicates the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and the phase change is performed with a phase that changes for each pair of symbols. 2. A reception apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to receive, via antennas, a first reception signal and a second reception signal each including a control signal, the first reception signal and the second reception signal including a first modulated symbol sequence and a second modulated symbol sequence to which a transmission apparatus has applied precoding and phase change; and signal processing circuitry configured to demodulate the first modulated symbol sequence and the second modulated symbol sequence according to the control signal to generate codeword sequences, wherein the control signal includes first information and second information, the first information indicates whether (i) a first matrix or (ii) an identity matrix is used to perform the precoding, the first matrix being selected from among different precoding matrices based on the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, the second information indicates the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and the phase change is performed with a phase that changes for each pair of symbols. 3. A transmission method comprising:
generating a first modulated symbol sequence and a second modulated symbol sequence from codeword sequences according to a first modulation scheme and a second modulation scheme, respectively; and performing precoding and phase change on the first modulated symbol sequence and the second modulated symbol sequence to generate a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal, respectively; and transmitting, from antennas, the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal each including a control signal, wherein the control signal includes first information and second information, the first information indicates whether (i) a first matrix or (ii) an identity matrix is used to perform the precoding, the first matrix being selected from among different precoding matrices based on the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, the second information indicates the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and the phase change is performed with a phase that changes for each pair of symbols. 4. A reception method comprising:
receiving, via antennas, a first reception signal and a second reception signal each including a control signal, the first reception signal and the second reception signal including a first modulated symbol sequence and a second modulated symbol sequence to which a transmission apparatus has applied precoding and phase change; and demodulating the first modulated symbol sequence and the second modulated symbol sequence according to the control signal to generate codeword sequences, wherein the control signal includes first information and second information, the first information indicates whether (i) a first matrix or (ii) an identity matrix is used to perform the precoding, the first matrix being selected from among different precoding matrices based on the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, the second information indicates the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and the phase change is performed with a phase that changes for each pair of symbols. | 3,700 |
345,782 | 16,804,190 | 3,734 | Systems and methods are provided for sensing impacts applied to an article during a production and transportation process. The systems and methods can include a plurality of impact sensors fixed to the article and a processor coupled to the plurality of impact sensors. Each impact sensor can be fixed to the article at a corresponding sensor location and the plurality of impact sensors can be configured to generate a plurality of impact measurements in response to an impact applied to the article. The processor can be configured to: receive the plurality of impact measurements from the plurality of impact sensors; determine, from the plurality of impact measurements, that an impact condition is satisfied; determine an impact location based on the plurality of impact measurements and the corresponding sensor locations; and determine an overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of impact measurements. | 1. An impact sensing system for sensing impacts applied to an article, the impact sensing system comprising:
a plurality of impact sensors fixed to the article, each impact sensor fixed to the article at a corresponding sensor location, wherein the plurality of impact sensors are configured to generate a plurality of impact measurements in response to an impact applied to the article; and a processor coupled to the plurality of impact sensors, the processor configured to:
receive the plurality of impact measurements from the plurality of impact sensors;
determine, from the plurality of impact measurements, that an impact condition is satisfied;
determine an impact location based on the plurality of impact measurements and the corresponding sensor locations; and
determine an overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of impact measurements. 2. The impact sensing system of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of impact measurements includes a set of impact measurements from each impact sensor; the processor is further configured to:
determine a plurality of local impact magnitudes, each local impact magnitude corresponding to a particular impact sensor and being determined from the set of impact measurements corresponding to that particular impact sensor; and
determine a plurality of local impact angles, each local impact angle corresponding to a particular impact sensor and being determined from the set of impact measurements corresponding to that particular impact sensor;
the processor is configured to determine the impact location based on the plurality of local impact magnitudes and the corresponding sensor locations; the processor is configured to determine the overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of local impact magnitudes; and the processor is further configured to determine an overall impact angle based on the impact location and the plurality of local impact angles. 3. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of impact sensors comprises a plurality of inertial impact sensors; each inertial impact sensor is configured to generate a first directional impact measurement corresponding to a first direction, a second directional impact measurement corresponding to a second direction, and a third directional impact measurement corresponding to a third direction, wherein:
the first direction is defined as orthogonal to the second direction and third direction;
the second direction is defined as orthogonal to the first direction and third direction; and
the third direction is defined as orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction; and
the processor is configured to determine the plurality of local impact magnitudes by, for each inertial impact sensor, determining a three-dimensional local impact magnitude based on the first directional impact measurement, the second directional impact measurement, and the third directional impact measurement generated by that inertial impact sensor. 4. The impact sensing system of claim 3, wherein:
the article extends longitudinally between a first end and a second end in the third direction; and the processor is configured to determine the plurality of local impact angles by, for each inertial impact sensor, determining a lateral local impact angle based on the first directional impact measurement and the second directional impact measurement. 5. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to determine the impact location using a sinusoidal model of the plurality of local impact magnitudes. 6. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to determine the overall impact angle by weighting the plurality of local impact angles, wherein the plurality of local impact angles are weighted based on the impact location and the corresponding sensor locations. 7. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of impact sensors comprises a first inertial impact sensor and a second inertial impact sensor; the first inertial impact sensor is fixed to a bottom portion of the article; and the second inertial impact sensor is fixed to a top portion of the article. 8. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of impact sensors comprises a plurality of inertial impact sensors and the plurality of inertial impact sensors are fixed to an interior of the article. 9. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of impact sensors comprises at least one orientation sensor. 10. The impact sensing system of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of impact sensors includes at least one accelerometer and at least one pressure sensor, the at least one pressure sensor operable to detect pressures at a plurality of pressure sensor locations on the article; the plurality of impact measurements includes a plurality of acceleration measurements from the at least one accelerometer and a plurality of pressure measurements from the at least one pressure sensor corresponding to the plurality of pressure sensor locations; the processor is configured to determine the impact location based on at least one pressure measurement and the corresponding pressure sensor location; and
the processor is configured to determine the overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of acceleration measurements. 11. The impact sensing system of claim 10, wherein:
the at least one pressure sensor is fixed to an exterior of the article and is provided by a flexible material that conforms to a shape of the article. 12. The impact sensing system of claim 1, wherein the article is one of a pharmaceutical package and a beverage container. 13. The impact sensing system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a vibration measurement based on the plurality of impact measurements. 14. A method for sensing impacts applied to an article, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a plurality of impact measurements from a plurality of fixed sensor locations on the article, wherein each impact measurement is received from a corresponding fixed sensor location; determining, by the processor, from the plurality of impact measurements, that an impact condition is satisfied; determining, by the processor, an impact location based on the plurality of impact measurements and the corresponding fixed sensor locations; and determining, by the processor, an overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of impact measurements. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the plurality of impact measurements includes a location-specific set of impact measurements corresponding to each fixed sensor location; the method further comprises:
determining, by the processor, a plurality of local impact magnitudes, each local impact magnitude corresponding to a particular fixed sensor location and determined from the location-specific set of impact measurements corresponding to that particular fixed sensor location; and
determining, by the processor, a plurality of local impact angles, each local impact angle corresponding to a particular fixed sensor location and determined from the location-specific set of impact measurements corresponding to that particular fixed sensor location;
the impact location is determined based on the plurality of local impact magnitudes and the corresponding fixed sensor locations; the overall impact magnitude is determined based on the impact location and the plurality of local impact angles; and the method further comprises determining, by the processor, an overall impact based on the impact location and the plurality of local impact angles. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the location-specific set of impact measurements corresponding to each fixed sensor location comprises a location-specific set of inertial impact measurements, the location specific set of inertial impact measurements comprises a first directional impact measurement corresponding to a first direction, a second directional impact measurement corresponding to a second direction, and a third directional impact measurement corresponding to a third direction, wherein:
the first direction is defined as orthogonal to the second direction and third direction;
the second direction is defined as orthogonal to the first direction and third direction; and
the third direction is defined as orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction; and
the plurality of local impact magnitudes are determined by, for each fixed sensor location, determining a three-dimensional local impact magnitude based on the first directional impact measurement, the second directional impact measurement, and the third directional impact measurement generated by that impact sensor. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
the article extends longitudinally between a first end and a second end in the third direction; and the plurality of local impact angles are determined by, for each fixed sensor location, determining a lateral local impact angle based on the first directional impact measurement and the second directional impact measurement. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the impact location is determined using a sinusoidal model of the plurality of local impact magnitudes. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the overall impact angle is determined by weighting the plurality of local impact angles, wherein the plurality of local impact angles are weighted based on the impact location and the corresponding fixed sensor locations. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the plurality of fixed sensor locations comprises a first sensor location at a bottom portion of the article and a second sensor location at a top portion of the article. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of fixed sensor locations are located within an interior of the article. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the plurality of impact measurements includes a plurality of acceleration measurements and a plurality of pressure measurements; the impact location is determined based on at least one pressure measurement and the corresponding fixed sensor location; and the overall impact magnitude is determined based on the impact location and the plurality of acceleration measurements. 23. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining, by the processor, a vibration measurement based on the plurality of impact measurements. 24. An impact sensing system for an article, wherein the article extends between a first end and a second end, the impact sensing system comprising:
a first impact sensor fixed to the article proximate the first end, wherein the first impact sensor is configured to generate a first set of impact measurements in response to an impact applied to the article; a second impact sensor fixed to the article proximate the second end, wherein the second impact sensor is configured to generate a second set of impact measurements in response to the impact applied to the article; and a processor coupled to the first impact sensor and to the second impact sensor, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive the first set of impact measurements from the first impact sensor;
determine a first impact magnitude from the first set of impact measurements;
determine a first impact angle from the first set of impact measurements;
receive the second set of impact measurements from the second impact sensor;
determine a second impact magnitude from the second set of impact measurements;
determine a second impact angle from the second set of impact measurements;
determine an impact location using the first impact magnitude and the second impact magnitude;
determine an overall impact magnitude using the impact location, the first impact magnitude and the second impact magnitude; and
determine an overall impact angle using the impact location, the first impact angle, and the second impact angle. 25. The impact sensing system of claim 24, wherein
the first impact sensor comprises a first tri-axial accelerometer; and the second impact sensor comprises a second tri-axial accelerometer. 26. The impact sensing system of claim 24, wherein
the first impact sensor and the second impact sensor are mounted to an interior of the article; and at least one pressure sensor is mounted to an exterior of the article. 27. The impact sensing system of claim 24, wherein the first impact sensor comprises an orientation sensor. | Systems and methods are provided for sensing impacts applied to an article during a production and transportation process. The systems and methods can include a plurality of impact sensors fixed to the article and a processor coupled to the plurality of impact sensors. Each impact sensor can be fixed to the article at a corresponding sensor location and the plurality of impact sensors can be configured to generate a plurality of impact measurements in response to an impact applied to the article. The processor can be configured to: receive the plurality of impact measurements from the plurality of impact sensors; determine, from the plurality of impact measurements, that an impact condition is satisfied; determine an impact location based on the plurality of impact measurements and the corresponding sensor locations; and determine an overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of impact measurements.1. An impact sensing system for sensing impacts applied to an article, the impact sensing system comprising:
a plurality of impact sensors fixed to the article, each impact sensor fixed to the article at a corresponding sensor location, wherein the plurality of impact sensors are configured to generate a plurality of impact measurements in response to an impact applied to the article; and a processor coupled to the plurality of impact sensors, the processor configured to:
receive the plurality of impact measurements from the plurality of impact sensors;
determine, from the plurality of impact measurements, that an impact condition is satisfied;
determine an impact location based on the plurality of impact measurements and the corresponding sensor locations; and
determine an overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of impact measurements. 2. The impact sensing system of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of impact measurements includes a set of impact measurements from each impact sensor; the processor is further configured to:
determine a plurality of local impact magnitudes, each local impact magnitude corresponding to a particular impact sensor and being determined from the set of impact measurements corresponding to that particular impact sensor; and
determine a plurality of local impact angles, each local impact angle corresponding to a particular impact sensor and being determined from the set of impact measurements corresponding to that particular impact sensor;
the processor is configured to determine the impact location based on the plurality of local impact magnitudes and the corresponding sensor locations; the processor is configured to determine the overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of local impact magnitudes; and the processor is further configured to determine an overall impact angle based on the impact location and the plurality of local impact angles. 3. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of impact sensors comprises a plurality of inertial impact sensors; each inertial impact sensor is configured to generate a first directional impact measurement corresponding to a first direction, a second directional impact measurement corresponding to a second direction, and a third directional impact measurement corresponding to a third direction, wherein:
the first direction is defined as orthogonal to the second direction and third direction;
the second direction is defined as orthogonal to the first direction and third direction; and
the third direction is defined as orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction; and
the processor is configured to determine the plurality of local impact magnitudes by, for each inertial impact sensor, determining a three-dimensional local impact magnitude based on the first directional impact measurement, the second directional impact measurement, and the third directional impact measurement generated by that inertial impact sensor. 4. The impact sensing system of claim 3, wherein:
the article extends longitudinally between a first end and a second end in the third direction; and the processor is configured to determine the plurality of local impact angles by, for each inertial impact sensor, determining a lateral local impact angle based on the first directional impact measurement and the second directional impact measurement. 5. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to determine the impact location using a sinusoidal model of the plurality of local impact magnitudes. 6. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to determine the overall impact angle by weighting the plurality of local impact angles, wherein the plurality of local impact angles are weighted based on the impact location and the corresponding sensor locations. 7. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of impact sensors comprises a first inertial impact sensor and a second inertial impact sensor; the first inertial impact sensor is fixed to a bottom portion of the article; and the second inertial impact sensor is fixed to a top portion of the article. 8. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of impact sensors comprises a plurality of inertial impact sensors and the plurality of inertial impact sensors are fixed to an interior of the article. 9. The impact sensing system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of impact sensors comprises at least one orientation sensor. 10. The impact sensing system of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of impact sensors includes at least one accelerometer and at least one pressure sensor, the at least one pressure sensor operable to detect pressures at a plurality of pressure sensor locations on the article; the plurality of impact measurements includes a plurality of acceleration measurements from the at least one accelerometer and a plurality of pressure measurements from the at least one pressure sensor corresponding to the plurality of pressure sensor locations; the processor is configured to determine the impact location based on at least one pressure measurement and the corresponding pressure sensor location; and
the processor is configured to determine the overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of acceleration measurements. 11. The impact sensing system of claim 10, wherein:
the at least one pressure sensor is fixed to an exterior of the article and is provided by a flexible material that conforms to a shape of the article. 12. The impact sensing system of claim 1, wherein the article is one of a pharmaceutical package and a beverage container. 13. The impact sensing system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a vibration measurement based on the plurality of impact measurements. 14. A method for sensing impacts applied to an article, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a plurality of impact measurements from a plurality of fixed sensor locations on the article, wherein each impact measurement is received from a corresponding fixed sensor location; determining, by the processor, from the plurality of impact measurements, that an impact condition is satisfied; determining, by the processor, an impact location based on the plurality of impact measurements and the corresponding fixed sensor locations; and determining, by the processor, an overall impact magnitude based on the impact location and the plurality of impact measurements. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the plurality of impact measurements includes a location-specific set of impact measurements corresponding to each fixed sensor location; the method further comprises:
determining, by the processor, a plurality of local impact magnitudes, each local impact magnitude corresponding to a particular fixed sensor location and determined from the location-specific set of impact measurements corresponding to that particular fixed sensor location; and
determining, by the processor, a plurality of local impact angles, each local impact angle corresponding to a particular fixed sensor location and determined from the location-specific set of impact measurements corresponding to that particular fixed sensor location;
the impact location is determined based on the plurality of local impact magnitudes and the corresponding fixed sensor locations; the overall impact magnitude is determined based on the impact location and the plurality of local impact angles; and the method further comprises determining, by the processor, an overall impact based on the impact location and the plurality of local impact angles. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the location-specific set of impact measurements corresponding to each fixed sensor location comprises a location-specific set of inertial impact measurements, the location specific set of inertial impact measurements comprises a first directional impact measurement corresponding to a first direction, a second directional impact measurement corresponding to a second direction, and a third directional impact measurement corresponding to a third direction, wherein:
the first direction is defined as orthogonal to the second direction and third direction;
the second direction is defined as orthogonal to the first direction and third direction; and
the third direction is defined as orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction; and
the plurality of local impact magnitudes are determined by, for each fixed sensor location, determining a three-dimensional local impact magnitude based on the first directional impact measurement, the second directional impact measurement, and the third directional impact measurement generated by that impact sensor. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
the article extends longitudinally between a first end and a second end in the third direction; and the plurality of local impact angles are determined by, for each fixed sensor location, determining a lateral local impact angle based on the first directional impact measurement and the second directional impact measurement. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the impact location is determined using a sinusoidal model of the plurality of local impact magnitudes. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the overall impact angle is determined by weighting the plurality of local impact angles, wherein the plurality of local impact angles are weighted based on the impact location and the corresponding fixed sensor locations. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the plurality of fixed sensor locations comprises a first sensor location at a bottom portion of the article and a second sensor location at a top portion of the article. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of fixed sensor locations are located within an interior of the article. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the plurality of impact measurements includes a plurality of acceleration measurements and a plurality of pressure measurements; the impact location is determined based on at least one pressure measurement and the corresponding fixed sensor location; and the overall impact magnitude is determined based on the impact location and the plurality of acceleration measurements. 23. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining, by the processor, a vibration measurement based on the plurality of impact measurements. 24. An impact sensing system for an article, wherein the article extends between a first end and a second end, the impact sensing system comprising:
a first impact sensor fixed to the article proximate the first end, wherein the first impact sensor is configured to generate a first set of impact measurements in response to an impact applied to the article; a second impact sensor fixed to the article proximate the second end, wherein the second impact sensor is configured to generate a second set of impact measurements in response to the impact applied to the article; and a processor coupled to the first impact sensor and to the second impact sensor, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive the first set of impact measurements from the first impact sensor;
determine a first impact magnitude from the first set of impact measurements;
determine a first impact angle from the first set of impact measurements;
receive the second set of impact measurements from the second impact sensor;
determine a second impact magnitude from the second set of impact measurements;
determine a second impact angle from the second set of impact measurements;
determine an impact location using the first impact magnitude and the second impact magnitude;
determine an overall impact magnitude using the impact location, the first impact magnitude and the second impact magnitude; and
determine an overall impact angle using the impact location, the first impact angle, and the second impact angle. 25. The impact sensing system of claim 24, wherein
the first impact sensor comprises a first tri-axial accelerometer; and the second impact sensor comprises a second tri-axial accelerometer. 26. The impact sensing system of claim 24, wherein
the first impact sensor and the second impact sensor are mounted to an interior of the article; and at least one pressure sensor is mounted to an exterior of the article. 27. The impact sensing system of claim 24, wherein the first impact sensor comprises an orientation sensor. | 3,700 |
345,783 | 16,804,195 | 3,734 | A computer-implemented process for controlling a vehicle interior includes detecting a previously defined situation that relates to an undesirable environmental condition of the vehicle interior, and assessing both a risk level and an urgency level, based on a vehicle sensor input. The process also includes generating a vehicle command based upon the detected previously defined situation, the assessed risk level, and assessed urgency level, and executing the generated vehicle command to control at least one of an engine, a window, and a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit to modify an environmental condition of the vehicle interior. | 1. A computer-implemented process for controlling an environment of a vehicle interior responsive to detecting a predetermined environmental condition of the vehicle interior, the process comprising:
assessing a risk and an urgency based on a vehicle sensor input, wherein assessing both a risk and an urgency comprises:
obtaining data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the obtained data is mapped to a corresponding range, which corresponds to the risk, and change over time, which corresponds to the urgency;
assigning, dynamically a first priority value based upon the range and a second priority value based upon the change over time; and
transforming the first priority value and the second priority value into a combined priority value;
generating a vehicle command based upon the assessed risk, and assessed urgency; and executing the generated vehicle command to control at least one of:
an engine;
a window; and
a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit;
where the executed command modifies an environmental condition of the vehicle interior. 2. The computer-implemented process of claim 1 further comprising:
performing in a cyclically recurring manner, until a detected previously defined situation is resolved:
re-assessing the risk level, the urgency level, or both, based on an updated sensor input, updated vehicle historical records, or both;
re-generating a vehicle command, based upon the identified previously defined situation, the assessed risk level, and assessed urgency level; and
executing the re-generated vehicle command. 3. The computer-implemented process of claim 2 further comprising:
identifying the previously defined situation as a select one of:
an obtained temperature is below a first predetermined temperature threshold;
an obtained temperature exceeds a second predetermined temperature threshold; or
an obtained air quality measurement satisfies a predetermined air quality situation. 4. The computer-implemented process of claim 2 further comprising:
identifying the previously defined situation by:
utilizing at least one of an exterior temperature sensor, an interior temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and an oxygen sensor to determine an environmental condition;
detecting an occupant of the vehicle; and
detecting at least one vehicle operational state. 5. The computer-implemented process of claim 2, wherein:
generating a vehicle command comprises:
generating a series of vehicle commands based upon the detected previously defined situation, the assessed risk, and assessed urgency; and
waiting for a predetermined wait time between at least a first vehicle command and a second vehicle command within the series of vehicle commands, wherein the predetermined wait time is modified based on the assessed risk, and assessed urgency. 6. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein the predetermined environmental condition is detected by:
detecting that a living being is within the vehicle interior and at least one of:
an engine of the vehicle is stopped; or
the engine is running, but the vehicle has not moved in a predetermined amount of time. 7. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein:
obtaining data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the obtained data is mapped to a corresponding range, which corresponds to the risk, and change over time, which corresponds to the urgency, comprises:
obtaining temperature curve data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the temperature curve is a function of a temperature range, which corresponds to the risk level, and temperature change over time, which corresponds to the urgency level; and
assigning, dynamically a first priority value based upon the range and a second priority value based upon the change over time, comprises:
assigning, dynamically based off of the generated temperature curve data, a first priority value for the temperature range and a second priority value for temperature change over time. 8. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein:
obtaining data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the obtained data is mapped to a corresponding range, which corresponds to the risk, and change over time, which corresponds to the urgency, comprises:
obtaining air quality curve data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the air quality curve data is a function of an air quality range, which corresponds to the risk, and an air quality change over time, which corresponds to the urgency;
assigning, dynamically a first priority value based upon the range and a second priority value based upon the change over time, comprises:
assigning, dynamically based off of the obtained air quality curve data, a first priority value for the air quality range and a second priority value for air quality change over time. 9. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein detecting the predetermined environmental condition comprises:
utilizing at least one of an exterior temperature sensor, an interior temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and an oxygen sensor. 10. The computer-implemented process of claim 1 further comprising:
re-assessing at least one of the risk and the urgency, based on an updated sensor input; and
re-executing a vehicle command, based upon the re-assessed risk level, and re-assessed urgency level. 11. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein generating a vehicle command further comprises:
displaying pre-determined messages on a vehicle display, wherein the vehicle display is disposed such that the vehicle display is viewable from outside of the vehicle. 12. A computer-implemented process for controlling an environment of a vehicle interior, where either an engine of the vehicle is off or the engine is running but the vehicle is stationary, the process comprising:
reading a first sensor output from a first sensor attached to a vehicle, the first sensor output representative of a first environmental condition associated with the vehicle; calculating a probability of occurrence of an adverse event based upon a determination of vehicle occupancy of the vehicle and the first environmental condition identified from the first sensor output; and performing, where the calculated probability exceeds a predetermined threshold, a first predetermined action by issuing a command to control at least one of:
an engine;
a window; and
a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit;
where the first predetermined action modifies an environmental condition of the vehicle interior. 13. The computer-implemented process of claim 12, wherein calculating a probability of occurrence of the adverse event comprises:
defining a first probability zone as a first range of probability of occurrence of an adverse event; defining a second probability zone as a second range of probability of occurrence of the adverse event; and determining a current position within select one of the first probability zone, and the second probability zone. 14. The computer-implemented process of claim 13, wherein performing a first predetermined action comprises:
performing the first predetermined action when the current position is within the second probability zone. 15. The computer implemented process of claim 13 further comprising:
defining a third probability zone as a third range of probability of occurrence of the adverse event;
computing a first time zone as a range of time from an initial triggering event;
computing a second time zone adjacent to the first time zone;
computing a third time zone adjacent to the second time zone;
determining a current position within select one of the first time zone, the second time zone, and the third time zone; and
performing, by a processor, a second predetermined action to modify an environmental condition of the vehicle interior by issuing a command to at least one of:
an engine controller;
a window controller;
a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) controller;
an alarm; and
a communication device;
where the calculated probability is in the third probability zone;
wherein:
performing the first predetermined action further comprises performing at least one predetermined action where the calculated probability is in the second probability zone and the calculated probability occurred in the second time zone; and
performing the second predetermined action further comprises performing at least one predetermined action where the calculated probability is in the third probability zone and the calculated probability occurred in the third time zone. 16. The computer implemented process of claim 12, wherein:
determining vehicle occupancy comprises: determining a presence of a person in the vehicle; and
determining whether the detected person is an adult or child by determining whether a weight of the person exceeds a predetermined threshold; and
performing a first predetermined action comprises performing a first action if the person is an adult, and a second action different from the first action if the person is a child. 17. The computer-implemented process of claim 12, wherein:
reading a first sensor output from a first sensor comprises reading at least one of a temperature sensor, an infrared sensor, a global position system sensor, and an air quality sensor; and determining vehicle occupancy comprises utilizing at least one of a motion sensor, a weight sensor, and an infrared sensor to detect an indicator of a person in the vehicle. 18. The computer-implemented process of claim 12, wherein:
performing the first predetermined action comprises modifying the issued command in response to detecting at least one of a missing vehicle sensor, and a malfunctioning vehicle sensor; and wherein modifying the issued command comprises selecting from at least one of generating an error message on a vehicle display, entering an error in a vehicle event log, and excluding the vehicle sensor from the determination. 19. The computer-implemented process of claim 12, wherein:
performing a first predetermined action to modify an environmental condition of the vehicle interior by issuing a command comprises performing, autonomously by the processor, the predetermined action on the vehicle interior based on the occupancy of the vehicle, the environmental condition, and the zone. 20. A computer-implemented process for controlling an environment of a vehicle interior, the process comprising:
reading a first sensor output from a first sensor attached to a vehicle, the first sensor output representative of a first environmental condition associated with a vehicle; determining an occupancy of the vehicle by:
identifying a field of view of a camera;
identifying an area of interest within the vehicle; and
limiting the field of view to the area of interest by at least one of:
physically by blocking at least a portion of the camera field of view; and
selectively processes signals from pixels only within the area of interest; and
evaluating an output of the camera within the limited field of view to identify whether a person is in the vehicle; and performing, by a processor, a predetermined action to modify an environmental condition of the vehicle interior based on the occupancy of the vehicle and the sensed first environmental condition, by issuing a command to at least one of an engine controller, a window controller, and a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) controller. | A computer-implemented process for controlling a vehicle interior includes detecting a previously defined situation that relates to an undesirable environmental condition of the vehicle interior, and assessing both a risk level and an urgency level, based on a vehicle sensor input. The process also includes generating a vehicle command based upon the detected previously defined situation, the assessed risk level, and assessed urgency level, and executing the generated vehicle command to control at least one of an engine, a window, and a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit to modify an environmental condition of the vehicle interior.1. A computer-implemented process for controlling an environment of a vehicle interior responsive to detecting a predetermined environmental condition of the vehicle interior, the process comprising:
assessing a risk and an urgency based on a vehicle sensor input, wherein assessing both a risk and an urgency comprises:
obtaining data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the obtained data is mapped to a corresponding range, which corresponds to the risk, and change over time, which corresponds to the urgency;
assigning, dynamically a first priority value based upon the range and a second priority value based upon the change over time; and
transforming the first priority value and the second priority value into a combined priority value;
generating a vehicle command based upon the assessed risk, and assessed urgency; and executing the generated vehicle command to control at least one of:
an engine;
a window; and
a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit;
where the executed command modifies an environmental condition of the vehicle interior. 2. The computer-implemented process of claim 1 further comprising:
performing in a cyclically recurring manner, until a detected previously defined situation is resolved:
re-assessing the risk level, the urgency level, or both, based on an updated sensor input, updated vehicle historical records, or both;
re-generating a vehicle command, based upon the identified previously defined situation, the assessed risk level, and assessed urgency level; and
executing the re-generated vehicle command. 3. The computer-implemented process of claim 2 further comprising:
identifying the previously defined situation as a select one of:
an obtained temperature is below a first predetermined temperature threshold;
an obtained temperature exceeds a second predetermined temperature threshold; or
an obtained air quality measurement satisfies a predetermined air quality situation. 4. The computer-implemented process of claim 2 further comprising:
identifying the previously defined situation by:
utilizing at least one of an exterior temperature sensor, an interior temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and an oxygen sensor to determine an environmental condition;
detecting an occupant of the vehicle; and
detecting at least one vehicle operational state. 5. The computer-implemented process of claim 2, wherein:
generating a vehicle command comprises:
generating a series of vehicle commands based upon the detected previously defined situation, the assessed risk, and assessed urgency; and
waiting for a predetermined wait time between at least a first vehicle command and a second vehicle command within the series of vehicle commands, wherein the predetermined wait time is modified based on the assessed risk, and assessed urgency. 6. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein the predetermined environmental condition is detected by:
detecting that a living being is within the vehicle interior and at least one of:
an engine of the vehicle is stopped; or
the engine is running, but the vehicle has not moved in a predetermined amount of time. 7. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein:
obtaining data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the obtained data is mapped to a corresponding range, which corresponds to the risk, and change over time, which corresponds to the urgency, comprises:
obtaining temperature curve data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the temperature curve is a function of a temperature range, which corresponds to the risk level, and temperature change over time, which corresponds to the urgency level; and
assigning, dynamically a first priority value based upon the range and a second priority value based upon the change over time, comprises:
assigning, dynamically based off of the generated temperature curve data, a first priority value for the temperature range and a second priority value for temperature change over time. 8. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein:
obtaining data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the obtained data is mapped to a corresponding range, which corresponds to the risk, and change over time, which corresponds to the urgency, comprises:
obtaining air quality curve data for the vehicle interior, based on a measured environmental condition, wherein the air quality curve data is a function of an air quality range, which corresponds to the risk, and an air quality change over time, which corresponds to the urgency;
assigning, dynamically a first priority value based upon the range and a second priority value based upon the change over time, comprises:
assigning, dynamically based off of the obtained air quality curve data, a first priority value for the air quality range and a second priority value for air quality change over time. 9. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein detecting the predetermined environmental condition comprises:
utilizing at least one of an exterior temperature sensor, an interior temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and an oxygen sensor. 10. The computer-implemented process of claim 1 further comprising:
re-assessing at least one of the risk and the urgency, based on an updated sensor input; and
re-executing a vehicle command, based upon the re-assessed risk level, and re-assessed urgency level. 11. The computer-implemented process of claim 1, wherein generating a vehicle command further comprises:
displaying pre-determined messages on a vehicle display, wherein the vehicle display is disposed such that the vehicle display is viewable from outside of the vehicle. 12. A computer-implemented process for controlling an environment of a vehicle interior, where either an engine of the vehicle is off or the engine is running but the vehicle is stationary, the process comprising:
reading a first sensor output from a first sensor attached to a vehicle, the first sensor output representative of a first environmental condition associated with the vehicle; calculating a probability of occurrence of an adverse event based upon a determination of vehicle occupancy of the vehicle and the first environmental condition identified from the first sensor output; and performing, where the calculated probability exceeds a predetermined threshold, a first predetermined action by issuing a command to control at least one of:
an engine;
a window; and
a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) unit;
where the first predetermined action modifies an environmental condition of the vehicle interior. 13. The computer-implemented process of claim 12, wherein calculating a probability of occurrence of the adverse event comprises:
defining a first probability zone as a first range of probability of occurrence of an adverse event; defining a second probability zone as a second range of probability of occurrence of the adverse event; and determining a current position within select one of the first probability zone, and the second probability zone. 14. The computer-implemented process of claim 13, wherein performing a first predetermined action comprises:
performing the first predetermined action when the current position is within the second probability zone. 15. The computer implemented process of claim 13 further comprising:
defining a third probability zone as a third range of probability of occurrence of the adverse event;
computing a first time zone as a range of time from an initial triggering event;
computing a second time zone adjacent to the first time zone;
computing a third time zone adjacent to the second time zone;
determining a current position within select one of the first time zone, the second time zone, and the third time zone; and
performing, by a processor, a second predetermined action to modify an environmental condition of the vehicle interior by issuing a command to at least one of:
an engine controller;
a window controller;
a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) controller;
an alarm; and
a communication device;
where the calculated probability is in the third probability zone;
wherein:
performing the first predetermined action further comprises performing at least one predetermined action where the calculated probability is in the second probability zone and the calculated probability occurred in the second time zone; and
performing the second predetermined action further comprises performing at least one predetermined action where the calculated probability is in the third probability zone and the calculated probability occurred in the third time zone. 16. The computer implemented process of claim 12, wherein:
determining vehicle occupancy comprises: determining a presence of a person in the vehicle; and
determining whether the detected person is an adult or child by determining whether a weight of the person exceeds a predetermined threshold; and
performing a first predetermined action comprises performing a first action if the person is an adult, and a second action different from the first action if the person is a child. 17. The computer-implemented process of claim 12, wherein:
reading a first sensor output from a first sensor comprises reading at least one of a temperature sensor, an infrared sensor, a global position system sensor, and an air quality sensor; and determining vehicle occupancy comprises utilizing at least one of a motion sensor, a weight sensor, and an infrared sensor to detect an indicator of a person in the vehicle. 18. The computer-implemented process of claim 12, wherein:
performing the first predetermined action comprises modifying the issued command in response to detecting at least one of a missing vehicle sensor, and a malfunctioning vehicle sensor; and wherein modifying the issued command comprises selecting from at least one of generating an error message on a vehicle display, entering an error in a vehicle event log, and excluding the vehicle sensor from the determination. 19. The computer-implemented process of claim 12, wherein:
performing a first predetermined action to modify an environmental condition of the vehicle interior by issuing a command comprises performing, autonomously by the processor, the predetermined action on the vehicle interior based on the occupancy of the vehicle, the environmental condition, and the zone. 20. A computer-implemented process for controlling an environment of a vehicle interior, the process comprising:
reading a first sensor output from a first sensor attached to a vehicle, the first sensor output representative of a first environmental condition associated with a vehicle; determining an occupancy of the vehicle by:
identifying a field of view of a camera;
identifying an area of interest within the vehicle; and
limiting the field of view to the area of interest by at least one of:
physically by blocking at least a portion of the camera field of view; and
selectively processes signals from pixels only within the area of interest; and
evaluating an output of the camera within the limited field of view to identify whether a person is in the vehicle; and performing, by a processor, a predetermined action to modify an environmental condition of the vehicle interior based on the occupancy of the vehicle and the sensed first environmental condition, by issuing a command to at least one of an engine controller, a window controller, and a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) controller. | 3,700 |
345,784 | 16,804,124 | 3,734 | Apparatus and methods for securing a bone implant are provided. The implant may be an expandable implant. The implant may be a non-expandable implant. The implant may be for repairing a bone fracture. The implant may be secured to a bone by anchors. The implant may include anchor receiving features. The anchor receiving features may be configured to direct an anchor into cortical bone. The anchor receiving features may be configured to receive an anchor driven through cortical bone. The implant may include bone engaging members configured to engage cancellous bone. An implant may include different profiles. The different profiles may be configured to secure the implant. The profiles may be configured to support the bone. The implant may have different flexing properties configured to position the implant in the bone. The implant may be positioned to receive an anchor driven through an outside of the bone. | 1-162. (canceled) 163. A system for stabilizing an implant inside a bone, the system comprising:
a collar:
defining an insertion axis; and
positionable outside the bone such that the insertion axis passes through an access hole in the bone;
a reference articulating surface fixed at a reference angle relative to the insertion axis; and an implant articulating surface affixed to the implant and complementary to the reference articulating surface; 164. The system of claim 163 wherein the target angle is between 0 degrees and 45 degrees. 165. The system of claim 163 wherein a longitudinal axis of the collar is configured to be positioned parallel to an outside surface of the bone. 166. The system of claim 163 further comprising a locking mechanism that fixes a position of the implant articulating surface relative to the reference articulating surface. 167. The system of claim 166, wherein:
the reference articulating surface defines a first aperture; the implant articulating surface defines a second aperture; the implant comprises a threaded body; the locking mechanism comprises a locking screw that passes through the first and second apertures and engages the threaded body; 168. The system of claim 163 the collar defining an anchor receiving feature that directs an anchor into an outer surface of the bone. 169. The system of claim 167 wherein engagement of the locking screw and the threaded body prevents the implant, in an expanded state, from collapsing. 170. The system of claim 167 wherein the collar defines a third aperture for insertion or removal of the locking screw after the collar is secured to the outside surface of the bone. 171. An orthopaedic implant stabilization system comprising:
an implant:
defining a central longitudinal axis;
expandable inside a bone after being inserted into the bone through an access hole in the bone; and
comprising a first articulating surface;
a support member positionable on an outside surface of the bone; and a second articulating surface:
supported by the support member about a central axis of the access hole; and
engageable with the first articulating surface such that the central longitudinal axis of the implant is adjustable at a range of angles relative to the central axis of the access hole. 172. The system of claim 171 further comprising a locking mechanism that fixes the central longitudinal axis of the implant at a target angular position relative to the central axis of the access hole. 173. The system of claim 171, the support member further comprising an anchor receiving feature that directs an anchor into the outside surface of the bone. 174. The system of claim 171 wherein the range of angular positions between the central longitudinal axis of the implant and the central axis of the access hole is greater or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees. 175. The system of claim 172 wherein the locking mechanism fixes the target angle by bracing the first articulating surface against the second articulating surface. 176. The system of claim 171, the support member further comprising an elongated member that extends into the access hole when the support member is positioned on the outside surface of the bone and the second articulating surface is mounted on a distal end of the elongated member. 177. A method for stabilizing an implant inside a bone, the method comprising:
inserting an expandable implant into the bone though an access hole in the bone; adjusting an angle between a central longitudinal axis of the expandable implant and a central axis of the access hole; and fixing the angle by pressing a first articulating surface affixed to the expandable implant against a second articulating surface supported by the outside surface of the bone. 178. The method of claim 177 further comprising pressing the first articulating surface against the second articulating surface by inserting a locking screw into the access hole and engaging the expandable implant. 179. The method of claim 178 further comprising inserting the locking screw into the access hole through an aperture defined by a collar supported by the outside surface of the bone. 180. The method of claim 178 further comprising removing the locking screw from the access hole while the expandable implant remains inside the bone. 181. The method of claim 178 further comprising removing the locking screw from the access hole while the collar remains secured to the bone. | Apparatus and methods for securing a bone implant are provided. The implant may be an expandable implant. The implant may be a non-expandable implant. The implant may be for repairing a bone fracture. The implant may be secured to a bone by anchors. The implant may include anchor receiving features. The anchor receiving features may be configured to direct an anchor into cortical bone. The anchor receiving features may be configured to receive an anchor driven through cortical bone. The implant may include bone engaging members configured to engage cancellous bone. An implant may include different profiles. The different profiles may be configured to secure the implant. The profiles may be configured to support the bone. The implant may have different flexing properties configured to position the implant in the bone. The implant may be positioned to receive an anchor driven through an outside of the bone.1-162. (canceled) 163. A system for stabilizing an implant inside a bone, the system comprising:
a collar:
defining an insertion axis; and
positionable outside the bone such that the insertion axis passes through an access hole in the bone;
a reference articulating surface fixed at a reference angle relative to the insertion axis; and an implant articulating surface affixed to the implant and complementary to the reference articulating surface; 164. The system of claim 163 wherein the target angle is between 0 degrees and 45 degrees. 165. The system of claim 163 wherein a longitudinal axis of the collar is configured to be positioned parallel to an outside surface of the bone. 166. The system of claim 163 further comprising a locking mechanism that fixes a position of the implant articulating surface relative to the reference articulating surface. 167. The system of claim 166, wherein:
the reference articulating surface defines a first aperture; the implant articulating surface defines a second aperture; the implant comprises a threaded body; the locking mechanism comprises a locking screw that passes through the first and second apertures and engages the threaded body; 168. The system of claim 163 the collar defining an anchor receiving feature that directs an anchor into an outer surface of the bone. 169. The system of claim 167 wherein engagement of the locking screw and the threaded body prevents the implant, in an expanded state, from collapsing. 170. The system of claim 167 wherein the collar defines a third aperture for insertion or removal of the locking screw after the collar is secured to the outside surface of the bone. 171. An orthopaedic implant stabilization system comprising:
an implant:
defining a central longitudinal axis;
expandable inside a bone after being inserted into the bone through an access hole in the bone; and
comprising a first articulating surface;
a support member positionable on an outside surface of the bone; and a second articulating surface:
supported by the support member about a central axis of the access hole; and
engageable with the first articulating surface such that the central longitudinal axis of the implant is adjustable at a range of angles relative to the central axis of the access hole. 172. The system of claim 171 further comprising a locking mechanism that fixes the central longitudinal axis of the implant at a target angular position relative to the central axis of the access hole. 173. The system of claim 171, the support member further comprising an anchor receiving feature that directs an anchor into the outside surface of the bone. 174. The system of claim 171 wherein the range of angular positions between the central longitudinal axis of the implant and the central axis of the access hole is greater or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees. 175. The system of claim 172 wherein the locking mechanism fixes the target angle by bracing the first articulating surface against the second articulating surface. 176. The system of claim 171, the support member further comprising an elongated member that extends into the access hole when the support member is positioned on the outside surface of the bone and the second articulating surface is mounted on a distal end of the elongated member. 177. A method for stabilizing an implant inside a bone, the method comprising:
inserting an expandable implant into the bone though an access hole in the bone; adjusting an angle between a central longitudinal axis of the expandable implant and a central axis of the access hole; and fixing the angle by pressing a first articulating surface affixed to the expandable implant against a second articulating surface supported by the outside surface of the bone. 178. The method of claim 177 further comprising pressing the first articulating surface against the second articulating surface by inserting a locking screw into the access hole and engaging the expandable implant. 179. The method of claim 178 further comprising inserting the locking screw into the access hole through an aperture defined by a collar supported by the outside surface of the bone. 180. The method of claim 178 further comprising removing the locking screw from the access hole while the expandable implant remains inside the bone. 181. The method of claim 178 further comprising removing the locking screw from the access hole while the collar remains secured to the bone. | 3,700 |
345,785 | 16,804,175 | 3,734 | The present disclosure relates to a method, device and product for managing application nodes in a distributed application system. In a method, status of a plurality of application nodes in the distributed application system is obtained. A failed application node is determined among the plurality of application nodes based on the obtained status. A parent application node of the failed application node is determined according to a hierarchical structure of the distributed application system, the hierarchical structure describing connection relationships among the plurality of application nodes. An additional mapping entry that describes an association relationship between the failed application node and the parent application node is added to a node mapping relationship of the distributed application system, a mapping entry in the node mapping relationship describing an association relationship between an application node among the plurality of application nodes and an address of the application node in the distributed application system. | 1. A method for managing application nodes in a distributed application system, the method comprising:
obtaining status of a plurality of application nodes in the distributed application system; determining a failed application node among the plurality of application nodes based on the obtained status; determining a parent application node of the failed application node according to a hierarchical structure of the distributed application system, the hierarchical structure describing connection relationships among the plurality of application nodes; and adding to a node mapping relationship of the distributed application system an additional mapping entry that describes an association relationship between the failed application node and the parent application node, a mapping entry in the node mapping relationship describing an association relationship between an application node among the plurality of application nodes and an address of the application node in the distributed application system, the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship associating an identifier of the failed application node with an identifier of the parent application node, the identifiers being different than addresses of the respective corresponding nodes. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in accordance with determining that an access request to the failed application node is received, determining the parent application node of the failed application node based on the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship; obtaining an address of the parent application node in the distributed application system based on a mapping entry associated with the parent application node in the node mapping relationship; and forwarding the access request to the address of the parent application node. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing a function of the failed application node by using the parent application node. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a write request for writing a data object to the failed application node, updating the failed application node in the write request based on the parent application node so as to write the data object to the parent application node. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a processing request for processing a data object by the failed application node, instructing the parent application node to process the data object. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a publishing request for publishing a data object to the distributed application system by the failed application node, instructing the parent application node to publish the data object to the distributed application system on behalf of the failed application node. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein instructing the parent application node to publish the data object to the distributed application system on behalf of the failed application node comprises: instructing the parent application node to,
generate a name of the data object based on the identifier of the failed application node; and publish the data object to the distributed application system. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in accordance with determining that the failed application node is recovered, removing the additional mapping entry from the node mapping relationship; and instructing the parent application node to recover a function of the application node. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in accordance with determining that a read request for a target data object in the distributed application system is received, determining a hash identifier of the target data object based on a name of the target data object; determining an address of the target data object in the distributed application system based on the hash identifier; and in accordance with determining that the address points to the failed application node, providing a failure notification to a requester of the read request. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the distributed application system comprises a data object mapping relationship, a mapping entry in the data object mapping relationship describing an association relationship between a hash identifier of a data object in the distributed application system and an address of the data object in the distributed application system; and
wherein determining the address of the target data object in the distributed application node based on the hash identifier comprises: searching for the hash identifier in the data object mapping relationship so as to determine the address of the target data object. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the electronic device to implement acts for managing application nodes in a distributed application system, the acts comprising:
obtaining status of a plurality of application nodes in the distributed application system;
determining a failed application node among the plurality of application nodes based on the obtained status;
determining a parent application node of the failed application node according to a hierarchical structure of the distributed application system, the hierarchical structure describing connection relationships among the plurality of application nodes; and
adding to a node mapping relationship of the distributed application system an additional mapping entry that describes an association relationship between the failed application node and the parent application node, a mapping entry in the node mapping relationship describing an association relationship between an application node among the plurality of application nodes and an address of the application node in the distributed application system, the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship associating an identifier of the failed application node with an identifier of the parent application node, the identifiers being different than addresses of the respective corresponding nodes. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, the acts further comprising:
in accordance with determining that an access request to the failed application node is received, determining the parent application node of the failed application node based on the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship; obtaining an address of the parent application node in the distributed application system based on a mapping entry associated with the parent application node in the node mapping relationship; and forwarding the access request to the address of the parent application node. 13. The electronic device of claim 11, the acts further comprising: performing a function of the failed application node by using the parent application node. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a write request for writing a data object to the failed application node, updating the failed application node in the write request based on the parent application node so as to write the data object to the parent application node. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a processing request for processing a data object by the failed application node, instructing the parent application node to process the data object. 16. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a publishing request for publishing a data object to the distributed application system by the failed application node, instructing the parent application node to publish the data object to the distributed application system on behalf of the failed application node. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein instructing the parent application node to publish the data object to the distributed application system on behalf of the failed application node comprises: instructing the parent application node to,
generate a name of the data object based on the identifier of the failed application node; and publish the data object to the distributed application system. 18. The electronic device of claim 11, the acts further comprising:
in accordance with determining that the failed application node is recovered, removing the additional mapping entry from the node mapping relationship; and instructing the parent application node to recover a function of the application node. 19. The electronic device of claim 11, the acts further comprising:
in accordance with determining that a read request for a target data object in the distributed application system is received, determining a hash identifier of the target data object based on a name of the target data object; determining an address of the target data object in the distributed application system based on the hash identifier; and in accordance with determining that the address points to the failed application node, providing a failure notification to a requester of the read request. 20. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and comprising machine-executable instructions, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, cause the device to perform steps of:
obtaining status of a plurality of application nodes in a distributed application system; determining a failed application node among the plurality of application nodes based on the obtained status; determining a parent application node of the failed application node according to a hierarchical structure of the distributed application system, the hierarchical structure describing connection relationships among the plurality of application nodes; and adding to a node mapping relationship of the distributed application system an additional mapping entry that describes an association relationship between the failed application node and the parent application node, a mapping entry in the node mapping relationship describing an association relationship between an application node among the plurality of application nodes and an address of the application node in the distributed application system, the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship associating an identifier of the failed application node with an identifier of the parent application node, the identifiers being different than addresses of the respective corresponding nodes. | The present disclosure relates to a method, device and product for managing application nodes in a distributed application system. In a method, status of a plurality of application nodes in the distributed application system is obtained. A failed application node is determined among the plurality of application nodes based on the obtained status. A parent application node of the failed application node is determined according to a hierarchical structure of the distributed application system, the hierarchical structure describing connection relationships among the plurality of application nodes. An additional mapping entry that describes an association relationship between the failed application node and the parent application node is added to a node mapping relationship of the distributed application system, a mapping entry in the node mapping relationship describing an association relationship between an application node among the plurality of application nodes and an address of the application node in the distributed application system.1. A method for managing application nodes in a distributed application system, the method comprising:
obtaining status of a plurality of application nodes in the distributed application system; determining a failed application node among the plurality of application nodes based on the obtained status; determining a parent application node of the failed application node according to a hierarchical structure of the distributed application system, the hierarchical structure describing connection relationships among the plurality of application nodes; and adding to a node mapping relationship of the distributed application system an additional mapping entry that describes an association relationship between the failed application node and the parent application node, a mapping entry in the node mapping relationship describing an association relationship between an application node among the plurality of application nodes and an address of the application node in the distributed application system, the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship associating an identifier of the failed application node with an identifier of the parent application node, the identifiers being different than addresses of the respective corresponding nodes. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in accordance with determining that an access request to the failed application node is received, determining the parent application node of the failed application node based on the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship; obtaining an address of the parent application node in the distributed application system based on a mapping entry associated with the parent application node in the node mapping relationship; and forwarding the access request to the address of the parent application node. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing a function of the failed application node by using the parent application node. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a write request for writing a data object to the failed application node, updating the failed application node in the write request based on the parent application node so as to write the data object to the parent application node. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a processing request for processing a data object by the failed application node, instructing the parent application node to process the data object. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a publishing request for publishing a data object to the distributed application system by the failed application node, instructing the parent application node to publish the data object to the distributed application system on behalf of the failed application node. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein instructing the parent application node to publish the data object to the distributed application system on behalf of the failed application node comprises: instructing the parent application node to,
generate a name of the data object based on the identifier of the failed application node; and publish the data object to the distributed application system. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in accordance with determining that the failed application node is recovered, removing the additional mapping entry from the node mapping relationship; and instructing the parent application node to recover a function of the application node. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in accordance with determining that a read request for a target data object in the distributed application system is received, determining a hash identifier of the target data object based on a name of the target data object; determining an address of the target data object in the distributed application system based on the hash identifier; and in accordance with determining that the address points to the failed application node, providing a failure notification to a requester of the read request. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the distributed application system comprises a data object mapping relationship, a mapping entry in the data object mapping relationship describing an association relationship between a hash identifier of a data object in the distributed application system and an address of the data object in the distributed application system; and
wherein determining the address of the target data object in the distributed application node based on the hash identifier comprises: searching for the hash identifier in the data object mapping relationship so as to determine the address of the target data object. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the electronic device to implement acts for managing application nodes in a distributed application system, the acts comprising:
obtaining status of a plurality of application nodes in the distributed application system;
determining a failed application node among the plurality of application nodes based on the obtained status;
determining a parent application node of the failed application node according to a hierarchical structure of the distributed application system, the hierarchical structure describing connection relationships among the plurality of application nodes; and
adding to a node mapping relationship of the distributed application system an additional mapping entry that describes an association relationship between the failed application node and the parent application node, a mapping entry in the node mapping relationship describing an association relationship between an application node among the plurality of application nodes and an address of the application node in the distributed application system, the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship associating an identifier of the failed application node with an identifier of the parent application node, the identifiers being different than addresses of the respective corresponding nodes. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, the acts further comprising:
in accordance with determining that an access request to the failed application node is received, determining the parent application node of the failed application node based on the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship; obtaining an address of the parent application node in the distributed application system based on a mapping entry associated with the parent application node in the node mapping relationship; and forwarding the access request to the address of the parent application node. 13. The electronic device of claim 11, the acts further comprising: performing a function of the failed application node by using the parent application node. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a write request for writing a data object to the failed application node, updating the failed application node in the write request based on the parent application node so as to write the data object to the parent application node. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a processing request for processing a data object by the failed application node, instructing the parent application node to process the data object. 16. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein performing the function of the failed application node by using the parent application node comprises:
in accordance with determining that the access request is a publishing request for publishing a data object to the distributed application system by the failed application node, instructing the parent application node to publish the data object to the distributed application system on behalf of the failed application node. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein instructing the parent application node to publish the data object to the distributed application system on behalf of the failed application node comprises: instructing the parent application node to,
generate a name of the data object based on the identifier of the failed application node; and publish the data object to the distributed application system. 18. The electronic device of claim 11, the acts further comprising:
in accordance with determining that the failed application node is recovered, removing the additional mapping entry from the node mapping relationship; and instructing the parent application node to recover a function of the application node. 19. The electronic device of claim 11, the acts further comprising:
in accordance with determining that a read request for a target data object in the distributed application system is received, determining a hash identifier of the target data object based on a name of the target data object; determining an address of the target data object in the distributed application system based on the hash identifier; and in accordance with determining that the address points to the failed application node, providing a failure notification to a requester of the read request. 20. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and comprising machine-executable instructions, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, cause the device to perform steps of:
obtaining status of a plurality of application nodes in a distributed application system; determining a failed application node among the plurality of application nodes based on the obtained status; determining a parent application node of the failed application node according to a hierarchical structure of the distributed application system, the hierarchical structure describing connection relationships among the plurality of application nodes; and adding to a node mapping relationship of the distributed application system an additional mapping entry that describes an association relationship between the failed application node and the parent application node, a mapping entry in the node mapping relationship describing an association relationship between an application node among the plurality of application nodes and an address of the application node in the distributed application system, the additional mapping entry in the node mapping relationship associating an identifier of the failed application node with an identifier of the parent application node, the identifiers being different than addresses of the respective corresponding nodes. | 3,700 |
345,786 | 16,804,196 | 3,734 | Provided is a robot including a seating body provided with a seat and an armrest body and a steering, the steering housing has an opening in an upper portion thereof and an inner space therein is disposed on the armrest body. The steering includes a handle and a lower portion passing through the opening, the lower portion being accommodated in the inner space and an elevator accommodated in the inner space, the elevator being connected to the lower portion of the steering body to elevate the steering body. | 1. A robot, comprising:
a main body, the main body including:
a wheel; and
a wheel motor, the wheel motor being configured to move the wheel; and
a seating body, the seating body including:
a seat;
an armrest including a steering housing, the steering housing including an upper portion having an opening and an inner space; and
a steering configured to steer the robot by controlling the wheel motor, the steering being at least partially disposed within the steering housing, the steering including:
a steering body including an upper portion and a lower portion; and
an elevator accommodated in the inner space of the steering housing, the elevator being connected to the lower portion of the steering body and being configured to move the steering body,
wherein the upper portion of the steering body includes a handle, the handle being configured to pass through the opening of the steering housing, and wherein the lower portion of the steering body is accommodated in the inner space. 2. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the armrest includes a recess portion, and
wherein the steering housing is provided in the recess portion of the armrest. 3. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the steering further comprises an inner cover connected to the steering body,
wherein the inner cover is provided in the inner space of the steering housing, and wherein the inner cover is configured to block the opening of the steering housing when the steering body ascends. 4. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the elevator is configured to move the steering body to allow the handle to ascend to a first position above the opening and to descend from the first position to a second position below the opening. 5. The robot according to claim 1, wherein a height of the inner space of the steering housing is greater than a height the steering body. 6. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the lower portion of the steering body includes:
a steering shaft extending from a lower portion of the handle; and a connection shaft connected to the steering shaft, and wherein the elevator comprises:
an elevator motor accommodated in the steering housing, the elevator motor including a rotation shaft; and
a lever including a first end and a second end,
wherein the first end of the lever is connected to the rotation shaft of the elevator motor, the lever being configured to move in response to rotation of the rotation shaft by the elevator motor, and wherein the second end of the lever is connected to the connection shaft. 7. The robot according to claim 6, wherein the second end of the lever includes a guide hole, the guide hole being oblong and having a length greater than a diameter of the connection shaft,
wherein the connection shaft extends through the guide hole, and wherein in response to rotation of the rotation shaft of the elevator motor, the connection shaft moves within the guide hole. 8. The robot according to claim 1, further comprising a display rotatably connected to the steering housing. 9. The robot according to claim 8, wherein the display has a length greater than a length of the opening of the steering housing, and
wherein the display is configured to rotate to cover a top surface of the steering housing and to cover an entirety of the opening of the steering housing. 10. The robot according to claim 8, wherein the display is connected to a front end of the steering housing,
wherein a size of the display is greater than a size of a top surface of the steering housing, and wherein the display is configured to rotate to cover the top surface of the steering housing. 11. A robot, comprising:
a main body, the main body including:
a wheel; and
a wheel motor, the wheel motor being configured to move the wheel; and
a seating body, the seating body including:
a seat;
a first armrest, the first armrest including a steering housing, the steering housing including:
an upper portion having an opening; and
an inner space;
a second armrest, the second armrest including an accessory; and
a steering configured to steer the robot by controlling the wheel motor, the steering being at least partially disposed within the steering housing, the steering including:
a steering body including an upper portion and a lower portion; and
an elevator accommodated in the inner space of the steering housing, the elevator being connected to the lower portion of the steering body and being configured to move the steering body,
wherein the upper portion of the steering body includes a handle, the handle being configured to pass through the opening of the steering housing, and wherein the lower portion of the steering body is accommodated in the inner space. 12. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the first armrest further includes a display rotatably connected to the steering housing. 13. The robot according to claim 12, wherein the upper portion of the steering housing includes a display connection portion,
wherein the display is rotatably connected to the display connection portion of the steering housing, and wherein the display connection portion is horizontally spaced apart from the opening of the steering housing. 14. The robot according to claim 13, wherein the display has a length greater than a length of the opening of the steering housing, and
wherein the display is configured to rotate to cover a top surface of the steering housing and to cover an entirety of the opening of the steering housing. 15. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the steering further comprises an inner cover connected to the steering body,
wherein the inner cover is provided in the inner space of the steering housing, and wherein the inner cover is configured to block the opening of the steering housing when the steering body ascends. 16. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the lower portion of the steering body includes:
a steering shaft extending from a lower portion of the handle; and a connection shaft connected to the steering shaft, wherein the elevator comprises:
a motor accommodated in the steering housing, the motor including a rotation shaft; and
a lever including a first end and a second end,
wherein the first end of the lever is connected to the rotation shaft of the motor, the lever being configured to move in response to rotation of the rotation shaft by the motor, and wherein the second end of the lever is connected to the connection shaft. 17. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the accessory includes a sub steering, and
wherein the sub steering is configured to steer the robot by controlling the wheel motor. 18. A robot, comprising:
a seating body, the seating body including:
a seat; and
an armrest, the armrest including:
an upper surface having an opening;
an inner space defined in the armrest;
a steering body including an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion of the steering body including a handle; and
an elevator accommodated in the inner space of the armrest, the elevator being connected to the lower portion of the steering body and configured to move the steering body. 19. The robot according to claim 18, further comprising an inner cover connected to the steering body,
wherein the inner cover is provided in the inner space of the armrest, and wherein the inner cover is configured to block the opening of the armrest when the steering body ascends. 20. The robot according to claim 18, further comprising a display rotatably connected to the armrest,
wherein the display is configured to rotate to cover the opening of the armrest. | Provided is a robot including a seating body provided with a seat and an armrest body and a steering, the steering housing has an opening in an upper portion thereof and an inner space therein is disposed on the armrest body. The steering includes a handle and a lower portion passing through the opening, the lower portion being accommodated in the inner space and an elevator accommodated in the inner space, the elevator being connected to the lower portion of the steering body to elevate the steering body.1. A robot, comprising:
a main body, the main body including:
a wheel; and
a wheel motor, the wheel motor being configured to move the wheel; and
a seating body, the seating body including:
a seat;
an armrest including a steering housing, the steering housing including an upper portion having an opening and an inner space; and
a steering configured to steer the robot by controlling the wheel motor, the steering being at least partially disposed within the steering housing, the steering including:
a steering body including an upper portion and a lower portion; and
an elevator accommodated in the inner space of the steering housing, the elevator being connected to the lower portion of the steering body and being configured to move the steering body,
wherein the upper portion of the steering body includes a handle, the handle being configured to pass through the opening of the steering housing, and wherein the lower portion of the steering body is accommodated in the inner space. 2. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the armrest includes a recess portion, and
wherein the steering housing is provided in the recess portion of the armrest. 3. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the steering further comprises an inner cover connected to the steering body,
wherein the inner cover is provided in the inner space of the steering housing, and wherein the inner cover is configured to block the opening of the steering housing when the steering body ascends. 4. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the elevator is configured to move the steering body to allow the handle to ascend to a first position above the opening and to descend from the first position to a second position below the opening. 5. The robot according to claim 1, wherein a height of the inner space of the steering housing is greater than a height the steering body. 6. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the lower portion of the steering body includes:
a steering shaft extending from a lower portion of the handle; and a connection shaft connected to the steering shaft, and wherein the elevator comprises:
an elevator motor accommodated in the steering housing, the elevator motor including a rotation shaft; and
a lever including a first end and a second end,
wherein the first end of the lever is connected to the rotation shaft of the elevator motor, the lever being configured to move in response to rotation of the rotation shaft by the elevator motor, and wherein the second end of the lever is connected to the connection shaft. 7. The robot according to claim 6, wherein the second end of the lever includes a guide hole, the guide hole being oblong and having a length greater than a diameter of the connection shaft,
wherein the connection shaft extends through the guide hole, and wherein in response to rotation of the rotation shaft of the elevator motor, the connection shaft moves within the guide hole. 8. The robot according to claim 1, further comprising a display rotatably connected to the steering housing. 9. The robot according to claim 8, wherein the display has a length greater than a length of the opening of the steering housing, and
wherein the display is configured to rotate to cover a top surface of the steering housing and to cover an entirety of the opening of the steering housing. 10. The robot according to claim 8, wherein the display is connected to a front end of the steering housing,
wherein a size of the display is greater than a size of a top surface of the steering housing, and wherein the display is configured to rotate to cover the top surface of the steering housing. 11. A robot, comprising:
a main body, the main body including:
a wheel; and
a wheel motor, the wheel motor being configured to move the wheel; and
a seating body, the seating body including:
a seat;
a first armrest, the first armrest including a steering housing, the steering housing including:
an upper portion having an opening; and
an inner space;
a second armrest, the second armrest including an accessory; and
a steering configured to steer the robot by controlling the wheel motor, the steering being at least partially disposed within the steering housing, the steering including:
a steering body including an upper portion and a lower portion; and
an elevator accommodated in the inner space of the steering housing, the elevator being connected to the lower portion of the steering body and being configured to move the steering body,
wherein the upper portion of the steering body includes a handle, the handle being configured to pass through the opening of the steering housing, and wherein the lower portion of the steering body is accommodated in the inner space. 12. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the first armrest further includes a display rotatably connected to the steering housing. 13. The robot according to claim 12, wherein the upper portion of the steering housing includes a display connection portion,
wherein the display is rotatably connected to the display connection portion of the steering housing, and wherein the display connection portion is horizontally spaced apart from the opening of the steering housing. 14. The robot according to claim 13, wherein the display has a length greater than a length of the opening of the steering housing, and
wherein the display is configured to rotate to cover a top surface of the steering housing and to cover an entirety of the opening of the steering housing. 15. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the steering further comprises an inner cover connected to the steering body,
wherein the inner cover is provided in the inner space of the steering housing, and wherein the inner cover is configured to block the opening of the steering housing when the steering body ascends. 16. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the lower portion of the steering body includes:
a steering shaft extending from a lower portion of the handle; and a connection shaft connected to the steering shaft, wherein the elevator comprises:
a motor accommodated in the steering housing, the motor including a rotation shaft; and
a lever including a first end and a second end,
wherein the first end of the lever is connected to the rotation shaft of the motor, the lever being configured to move in response to rotation of the rotation shaft by the motor, and wherein the second end of the lever is connected to the connection shaft. 17. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the accessory includes a sub steering, and
wherein the sub steering is configured to steer the robot by controlling the wheel motor. 18. A robot, comprising:
a seating body, the seating body including:
a seat; and
an armrest, the armrest including:
an upper surface having an opening;
an inner space defined in the armrest;
a steering body including an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion of the steering body including a handle; and
an elevator accommodated in the inner space of the armrest, the elevator being connected to the lower portion of the steering body and configured to move the steering body. 19. The robot according to claim 18, further comprising an inner cover connected to the steering body,
wherein the inner cover is provided in the inner space of the armrest, and wherein the inner cover is configured to block the opening of the armrest when the steering body ascends. 20. The robot according to claim 18, further comprising a display rotatably connected to the armrest,
wherein the display is configured to rotate to cover the opening of the armrest. | 3,700 |
345,787 | 16,804,164 | 3,734 | A method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT) includes generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space. The method further includes generating and executing an initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results. The method further includes determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution. The method further includes generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case. The method further includes executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results. The method further includes detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. | 1. A method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT), the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs; assigning a probability value to each attribute-value pair from the collection of attribute-value pairs; reducing a Cartesian product space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space, at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values; generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space; generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors; executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results; determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution; generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case; executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Cartesian product space is further reduced based on an architectural restriction of the SUT. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the architectural restriction comprises at least one of: a requirement that a first attribute cannot take on one or more candidate attribute values if a second attribute has a particular attribute value, a requirement that the first attribute must take on a particular candidate attribute value if the second attribute has the particular attribute value, or a requirement to introduce a third attribute if the second attribute has the particular attribute value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a first attribute-value pair that is to be tested is assigned a first probability value that is higher than a second probability value of a second attribute-value pair. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results comprises determining a particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising generating a regression bucket of failing test cases based at least in part on the particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled with the memory, the processor configured to perform a method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT), the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs;
assigning a probability value to each attribute-value pair from the collection of attribute-value pairs;
reducing a Cartesian product space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space, at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values;
generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space;
generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors;
executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results;
determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution;
generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case;
executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and
detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the Cartesian product space is further reduced based on an architectural restriction of the SUT. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the architectural restriction comprises at least one of: a requirement that a first attribute cannot take on one or more candidate attribute values if a second attribute has a particular attribute value, a requirement that the first attribute must take on a particular candidate attribute value if the second attribute has the particular attribute value, or a requirement to introduce a third attribute if the second attribute has the particular attribute value. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein a first attribute-value pair that is to be tested is assigned a first probability value that is higher than a second probability value of a second attribute-value pair. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results comprises determining a particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises generating a regression bucket of failing test cases based at least in part on the particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 15. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions stored thereupon, which when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform a method for detecting and localizing a fault in the SUT, the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs; assigning a probability value to each attribute-value pair from the collection of attribute-value pairs; reducing a Cartesian product space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space, at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values; generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space; generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors; executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results; determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution; generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case; executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the Cartesian product space is further reduced based on an architectural restriction of the SUT. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the architectural restriction comprises at least one of: a requirement that a first attribute cannot take on one or more candidate attribute values if a second attribute has a particular attribute value, a requirement that the first attribute must take on a particular candidate attribute value if the second attribute has the particular attribute value, or a requirement to introduce a third attribute if the second attribute has the particular attribute value. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein a first attribute-value pair that is to be tested is assigned a first probability value that is higher than a second probability value of a second attribute-value pair. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results comprises determining a particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 21. The computer program product of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises generating a regression bucket of failing test cases based at least in part on the particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 22. A method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT), the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs; assigning a probability value to each attribute-value pair from the collection of attribute-value pairs; reducing a Cartesian product space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space, at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values; generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space; generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors; executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results; determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution; generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case, wherein generating the set of new test cases comprises generating, in relation to each attribute in the selected failing test case, a respective subset of new test cases at least in part by changing a respective attribute value for the attribute in the selected failing test case to each other candidate attribute value for the attribute that is not present in any of the one or more test cases that failed execution; executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash value. 24. A method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT), the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs; reducing the test space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values; generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space associated with the collection of attribute-value pairs; generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors; executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results; determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution; generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case, wherein generating the set of new test cases comprises changing a respective attribute value in the selected failing test case to generate each new test case; executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash. | A method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT) includes generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space. The method further includes generating and executing an initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results. The method further includes determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution. The method further includes generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case. The method further includes executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results. The method further includes detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results.1. A method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT), the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs; assigning a probability value to each attribute-value pair from the collection of attribute-value pairs; reducing a Cartesian product space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space, at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values; generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space; generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors; executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results; determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution; generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case; executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Cartesian product space is further reduced based on an architectural restriction of the SUT. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the architectural restriction comprises at least one of: a requirement that a first attribute cannot take on one or more candidate attribute values if a second attribute has a particular attribute value, a requirement that the first attribute must take on a particular candidate attribute value if the second attribute has the particular attribute value, or a requirement to introduce a third attribute if the second attribute has the particular attribute value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a first attribute-value pair that is to be tested is assigned a first probability value that is higher than a second probability value of a second attribute-value pair. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results comprises determining a particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising generating a regression bucket of failing test cases based at least in part on the particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled with the memory, the processor configured to perform a method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT), the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs;
assigning a probability value to each attribute-value pair from the collection of attribute-value pairs;
reducing a Cartesian product space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space, at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values;
generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space;
generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors;
executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results;
determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution;
generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case;
executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and
detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the Cartesian product space is further reduced based on an architectural restriction of the SUT. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the architectural restriction comprises at least one of: a requirement that a first attribute cannot take on one or more candidate attribute values if a second attribute has a particular attribute value, a requirement that the first attribute must take on a particular candidate attribute value if the second attribute has the particular attribute value, or a requirement to introduce a third attribute if the second attribute has the particular attribute value. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein a first attribute-value pair that is to be tested is assigned a first probability value that is higher than a second probability value of a second attribute-value pair. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results comprises determining a particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises generating a regression bucket of failing test cases based at least in part on the particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 15. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions stored thereupon, which when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform a method for detecting and localizing a fault in the SUT, the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs; assigning a probability value to each attribute-value pair from the collection of attribute-value pairs; reducing a Cartesian product space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space, at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values; generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space; generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors; executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results; determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution; generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case; executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the Cartesian product space is further reduced based on an architectural restriction of the SUT. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the architectural restriction comprises at least one of: a requirement that a first attribute cannot take on one or more candidate attribute values if a second attribute has a particular attribute value, a requirement that the first attribute must take on a particular candidate attribute value if the second attribute has the particular attribute value, or a requirement to introduce a third attribute if the second attribute has the particular attribute value. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein a first attribute-value pair that is to be tested is assigned a first probability value that is higher than a second probability value of a second attribute-value pair. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results comprises determining a particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 21. The computer program product of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises generating a regression bucket of failing test cases based at least in part on the particular combination of attribute values that causes the fault. 22. A method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT), the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs; assigning a probability value to each attribute-value pair from the collection of attribute-value pairs; reducing a Cartesian product space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space, at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values; generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space; generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors; executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results; determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution; generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case, wherein generating the set of new test cases comprises generating, in relation to each attribute in the selected failing test case, a respective subset of new test cases at least in part by changing a respective attribute value for the attribute in the selected failing test case to each other candidate attribute value for the attribute that is not present in any of the one or more test cases that failed execution; executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash value. 24. A method for detecting and localizing a fault in a system under test (SUT), the method comprising:
modeling inputs to the SUT as a collection of attribute-value pairs; reducing the test space comprising all possible combinations of the attribute-value pairs to a reduced test space at least in part by excluding one or more combinations of attribute-value pairs based on corresponding probability values; generating an initial set of test vectors that provides complete n-wise coverage of the reduced test space associated with the collection of attribute-value pairs; generating an initial set of test cases from the initial set of test vectors; executing the initial set of test cases to obtain a first set of execution results; determining, based at least in part on the first set of execution results, that one or more test cases failed execution; generating a set of new test cases from a selected failing test case, wherein generating the set of new test cases comprises changing a respective attribute value in the selected failing test case to generate each new test case; executing the set of new test cases to obtain a second set of execution results; and detecting and localizing the fault based at least in part on the second set of execution results. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein an attribute-value pair and a corresponding probability value are represented in a hash. | 3,700 |
345,788 | 16,804,180 | 3,734 | The present invention relates to an oxopicolinamide derivative, a preparationmethod therefor and the pharmaceutical use thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to an oxopicolinamide derivative as shown in the general formula (AI), a preparation method therefor and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the derivative, and to the use thereof as a therapeutic agent, in particular as an inhibitor of blood coagulation factor XIa (Factor XIa, FXIa for short) and the use thereof in the preparation of a drug for treating diseases such as thromboembolism, wherein the definition of each substituent in the general formula (AI) is the same as defined in the description. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A compound that is (S)-4-(2-(4-(2-acetyl-5-chlorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-3-phenylpropanamido)benzoic acid: 27. A compound that is (S)-4-(4-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-propionylphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)butanamido)benzoic acid: 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (S)-4-(2-(4-(2-acetyl-5-chlorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-3-phenylpropanamido)benzoic acid: 29. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (S)-4-(4-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-propionylphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)butanamido)benzoic acid: 30. A method for preventing and/or treating a factor XIa mediated disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 28. 31. A method for preventing and/or treating a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 28. 32. A method for preventing and/or treating a factor XIa mediated disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 29. 33. A method for preventing and/or treating a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 29. | The present invention relates to an oxopicolinamide derivative, a preparationmethod therefor and the pharmaceutical use thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to an oxopicolinamide derivative as shown in the general formula (AI), a preparation method therefor and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the derivative, and to the use thereof as a therapeutic agent, in particular as an inhibitor of blood coagulation factor XIa (Factor XIa, FXIa for short) and the use thereof in the preparation of a drug for treating diseases such as thromboembolism, wherein the definition of each substituent in the general formula (AI) is the same as defined in the description.1-25. (canceled) 26. A compound that is (S)-4-(2-(4-(2-acetyl-5-chlorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-3-phenylpropanamido)benzoic acid: 27. A compound that is (S)-4-(4-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-propionylphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)butanamido)benzoic acid: 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (S)-4-(2-(4-(2-acetyl-5-chlorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-3-phenylpropanamido)benzoic acid: 29. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (S)-4-(4-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(5-chloro-2-propionylphenyl)-5-methoxy-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)butanamido)benzoic acid: 30. A method for preventing and/or treating a factor XIa mediated disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 28. 31. A method for preventing and/or treating a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 28. 32. A method for preventing and/or treating a factor XIa mediated disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 29. 33. A method for preventing and/or treating a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 29. | 3,700 |
345,789 | 16,804,205 | 3,622 | This disclosure relates to a system and method for creating a job advertisement. The job advertisement includes visual information which is presented an in organized, easily digestible manner. An example system according to the present disclosure includes, among other things, a first computing device a second computing device in communication with the first computing device. The second computing device is configured to receive an input of text describing a job from the first computing device and create a job advertisement including at least one image representative of at least a portion of the text. | 1. A system for creating a job advertisement, comprising:
a first computing device; and a second computing device in communication with the first computing device, wherein the second computing device comprises a memory storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of the second computing device, causes the second computing device to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving, from the first computing device, an input of text including a plurality of sentences describing a job;
identifying keywords within the plurality of sentences by comparing the input of text with a predefined table of keywords;
from the plurality of sentences, grouping all sentences having a first common keyword into a first sentence group and all sentences having a second common keyword into a second sentence group;
assigning an image to each of the first sentence group and the second sentence group, each of the assigned images being representative of the first common keyword and the second common keyword, respectively;
creating a job advertisement containing a first and second block, wherein the first block comprises (1) the first common keyword, (2) the sentences having the first common keyword grouped into the first sentence group, and (3) the image assigned to the first sentence group, wherein the second block comprises (1) the second common keyword, (2) the sentences having the second common keyword grouped into the second sentence group, and (3) the image assigned to the second sentence group;
hosting a job advertisement such that the job advertisement is accessible via the Internet; and
organizing the content of the job advertisement based on personal characteristics of a target candidate. 2. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
presenting the content of the job advertisement to a first user with a first set of personal characteristics in a first manner, and presenting the content of the job advertisement to a second user with a second set of personal characteristics in a second manner different than the first manner. 3. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
updating the job advertisement based on information indicative of the manner in which a candidate interacted with the job advertisement. 4. The system as recited in claim 3, further comprising:
updating the job advertisement based on information indicative of a personal characteristic of the candidate. 5. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the first common keyword and the second common keyword is (1) one of the identified keywords and (2) located in each respective sentence before any other keywords of the identified keywords within the respective sentence, wherein at least one sentence from each of the first sentence group and the second sentence group contains a plurality of keywords that are each of the identified keywords. 6. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the table of keywords includes similar keywords. 7. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein sentences including no keywords are not included in any sentence group. 8. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the second computing device is a server. 9. The system as recited in claim 8, wherein the second computing device includes or is in communication with a neural network. 10. The system as recited in claim 8, wherein the first computing device includes a personal computer, a laptop, a tablet, or a mobile device. 11. A method for creating a job advertisement, comprising:
receiving, by a second computing device from a first computing device, an input of text describing a job, the text including a plurality of sentences; identifying, by the second computing device, keywords within the plurality of sentences by comparing the input of text with a predefined table of keywords; from the plurality of sentences, grouping, by the second computing device, all sentences having a first common keyword into a first sentence group and all sentences having a second common keyword into a second sentence group; assigning, by the second computing device, an image to each of the first sentence group and the second sentence group, each of the assigned images representative of the first common keyword and the second common keyword, respectively; creating, by the second computing device, a job advertisement, the job advertisement containing a first and second block, wherein the first block comprises (1) the first common keyword, (2) the sentences having the first common keyword grouped into the first sentence group, and (3) the image assigned to the first sentence group, wherein the second block comprises (1) the second common keyword, (2) the sentences having the second common keyword grouped into the second sentence group, and (3) the image assigned to the second sentence group; hosting, by the second computing device, the job advertisement such that the job advertisement is accessible via the Internet; and organizing the content of the job advertisement based on personal characteristics of a target candidate. 12. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
presenting the content of the job advertisement to a first user with a first set of personal characteristics in a first manner, and presenting the content of the job advertisement to a second user with a second set of personal characteristics in a second manner different than the first manner. 13. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
updating the job advertisement based on information indicative of the manner in which a candidate interacted with the job advertisement. 14. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
updating the job advertisement based on information indicative of a personal characteristic of the candidate. 15. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the first common keyword and the second common keyword is (1) one of the identified keywords and (2) located in each respective sentence before any other keywords of the identified keywords within the respective sentence, wherein at least one sentence from each of the first sentence group and the second sentence group contains a plurality of keywords that are each of the identified keywords. 16. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein sentences including no keywords are not included in any sentence group. 17. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the second computing device is a server. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the second computing device includes or is in communication with a neural network. 19. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the server receives the input of text from one of a personal computer, a laptop, a tablet, and a mobile device. | This disclosure relates to a system and method for creating a job advertisement. The job advertisement includes visual information which is presented an in organized, easily digestible manner. An example system according to the present disclosure includes, among other things, a first computing device a second computing device in communication with the first computing device. The second computing device is configured to receive an input of text describing a job from the first computing device and create a job advertisement including at least one image representative of at least a portion of the text.1. A system for creating a job advertisement, comprising:
a first computing device; and a second computing device in communication with the first computing device, wherein the second computing device comprises a memory storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of the second computing device, causes the second computing device to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving, from the first computing device, an input of text including a plurality of sentences describing a job;
identifying keywords within the plurality of sentences by comparing the input of text with a predefined table of keywords;
from the plurality of sentences, grouping all sentences having a first common keyword into a first sentence group and all sentences having a second common keyword into a second sentence group;
assigning an image to each of the first sentence group and the second sentence group, each of the assigned images being representative of the first common keyword and the second common keyword, respectively;
creating a job advertisement containing a first and second block, wherein the first block comprises (1) the first common keyword, (2) the sentences having the first common keyword grouped into the first sentence group, and (3) the image assigned to the first sentence group, wherein the second block comprises (1) the second common keyword, (2) the sentences having the second common keyword grouped into the second sentence group, and (3) the image assigned to the second sentence group;
hosting a job advertisement such that the job advertisement is accessible via the Internet; and
organizing the content of the job advertisement based on personal characteristics of a target candidate. 2. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
presenting the content of the job advertisement to a first user with a first set of personal characteristics in a first manner, and presenting the content of the job advertisement to a second user with a second set of personal characteristics in a second manner different than the first manner. 3. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
updating the job advertisement based on information indicative of the manner in which a candidate interacted with the job advertisement. 4. The system as recited in claim 3, further comprising:
updating the job advertisement based on information indicative of a personal characteristic of the candidate. 5. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the first common keyword and the second common keyword is (1) one of the identified keywords and (2) located in each respective sentence before any other keywords of the identified keywords within the respective sentence, wherein at least one sentence from each of the first sentence group and the second sentence group contains a plurality of keywords that are each of the identified keywords. 6. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the table of keywords includes similar keywords. 7. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein sentences including no keywords are not included in any sentence group. 8. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the second computing device is a server. 9. The system as recited in claim 8, wherein the second computing device includes or is in communication with a neural network. 10. The system as recited in claim 8, wherein the first computing device includes a personal computer, a laptop, a tablet, or a mobile device. 11. A method for creating a job advertisement, comprising:
receiving, by a second computing device from a first computing device, an input of text describing a job, the text including a plurality of sentences; identifying, by the second computing device, keywords within the plurality of sentences by comparing the input of text with a predefined table of keywords; from the plurality of sentences, grouping, by the second computing device, all sentences having a first common keyword into a first sentence group and all sentences having a second common keyword into a second sentence group; assigning, by the second computing device, an image to each of the first sentence group and the second sentence group, each of the assigned images representative of the first common keyword and the second common keyword, respectively; creating, by the second computing device, a job advertisement, the job advertisement containing a first and second block, wherein the first block comprises (1) the first common keyword, (2) the sentences having the first common keyword grouped into the first sentence group, and (3) the image assigned to the first sentence group, wherein the second block comprises (1) the second common keyword, (2) the sentences having the second common keyword grouped into the second sentence group, and (3) the image assigned to the second sentence group; hosting, by the second computing device, the job advertisement such that the job advertisement is accessible via the Internet; and organizing the content of the job advertisement based on personal characteristics of a target candidate. 12. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
presenting the content of the job advertisement to a first user with a first set of personal characteristics in a first manner, and presenting the content of the job advertisement to a second user with a second set of personal characteristics in a second manner different than the first manner. 13. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
updating the job advertisement based on information indicative of the manner in which a candidate interacted with the job advertisement. 14. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
updating the job advertisement based on information indicative of a personal characteristic of the candidate. 15. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the first common keyword and the second common keyword is (1) one of the identified keywords and (2) located in each respective sentence before any other keywords of the identified keywords within the respective sentence, wherein at least one sentence from each of the first sentence group and the second sentence group contains a plurality of keywords that are each of the identified keywords. 16. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein sentences including no keywords are not included in any sentence group. 17. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the second computing device is a server. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the second computing device includes or is in communication with a neural network. 19. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the server receives the input of text from one of a personal computer, a laptop, a tablet, and a mobile device. | 3,600 |
345,790 | 16,804,225 | 3,622 | A wishing well table is disclosed to temporarily hold gifts. The wishing well table includes a table formed of a table top supported by a plurality of legs. The wishing well table further includes an aperture disposed through the tabletop. A removable pouch is attached to the aperture to receive the gifts. Finally, a wishing well is disposed over the aperture having an opening to receive the gifts to fall through the aperture into the removable pouch. | 1. A wishing well table to temporarily hold gifts, comprising;
a table formed of a table top supported by a plurality of legs; an aperture disposed through the tabletop; a removable pouch attached to the aperture to receive the gifts; and a wishing well disposed over the aperture having an opening to receive the gifts to fall through the aperture into the removable pouch. 2. The wishing well table of claim 1, wherein the table top includes an upper surface and a bottom surface. 3. The wishing well table of claim 2, wherein the table top may be constructed in the shape from the group consisting of circular, square, rectangular, and triangular. 4. The wishing well table of claim 3, wherein the plurality of legs are fixed in place and are rigidly connected to the table top. 5. The wishing well table of claim 3, wherein the plurality of legs are foldable against the bottom surface of the table top. 6. The wishing well table of claim 3, wherein the table may also be folded in half with carrying straps for easy transportation. 7. The wishing well table of claim 6, wherein the aperture may be constructed in the shape from the group consisting of circular, square, rectangular, and triangular. 8. The wishing well table of claim 7, wherein the removable pouch is secured to the aperture within the table top with a plurality of suspension members disposed within openings surrounding the aperture. 9. The wishing well table of claim 8, wherein the plurality of suspension members are shaped as latches. 10. The wishing well table of claim 9, wherein the removable pouch is provided with reinforcement rings in the upper open part thereof to facilitate suspending of the removable pouch from the suspension members. 11. The wishing well table of claim 10, wherein the gift receptacle adapted to receive monetary gifts through an opening is baseless and is designed to sit directly over the aperture. 12. The wishing well table of claim 11, wherein the gift receptacle is temporarily secured to the table top. 13. The wishing well table of claim 12, wherein the wishing well includes a Velcro strip attached to the underside of the wishing well to be secured to a corresponding Velcro strip upon the upper surface of the table top surrounding the aperture. 14. A wishing well table to temporarily hold gifts, comprising;
a table formed of a table top including an upper surface and bottom surface; the table supported by a plurality of legs; an aperture disposed through the tabletop; a removable pouch provided with reinforcement rings in the upper open part thereof; the removable pouch secured to the aperture within the table top with a plurality of suspension members to receive the gifts; and a wishing well temporarily secured to the table top and disposed over the aperture having an opening to receive the gifts to fall through the aperture into the removable pouch. 15. The wishing well table of claim 14, wherein the table top may be constructed in the shape from the group consisting of circular, square, rectangular, and triangular. 16. The wishing well table of claim 15, wherein the plurality of legs are fixed in place and are rigidly connected to the table top. 17. The wishing well table of claim 15, wherein the plurality of legs are foldable against the bottom surface of the table top. 18. The wishing well table of claim 15, wherein the table may also be folded in half with carrying straps for easy transportation. 19. The wishing well table of claim 18, wherein the aperture may be constructed in the shape from the group consisting of circular, square, rectangular, and triangular. 20. The wishing well table of claim 19, wherein the wishing well includes a Velcro strip attached to the underside of the wishing well to be secured to a corresponding Velcro strip upon the upper surface of the table top surrounding the aperture. | A wishing well table is disclosed to temporarily hold gifts. The wishing well table includes a table formed of a table top supported by a plurality of legs. The wishing well table further includes an aperture disposed through the tabletop. A removable pouch is attached to the aperture to receive the gifts. Finally, a wishing well is disposed over the aperture having an opening to receive the gifts to fall through the aperture into the removable pouch.1. A wishing well table to temporarily hold gifts, comprising;
a table formed of a table top supported by a plurality of legs; an aperture disposed through the tabletop; a removable pouch attached to the aperture to receive the gifts; and a wishing well disposed over the aperture having an opening to receive the gifts to fall through the aperture into the removable pouch. 2. The wishing well table of claim 1, wherein the table top includes an upper surface and a bottom surface. 3. The wishing well table of claim 2, wherein the table top may be constructed in the shape from the group consisting of circular, square, rectangular, and triangular. 4. The wishing well table of claim 3, wherein the plurality of legs are fixed in place and are rigidly connected to the table top. 5. The wishing well table of claim 3, wherein the plurality of legs are foldable against the bottom surface of the table top. 6. The wishing well table of claim 3, wherein the table may also be folded in half with carrying straps for easy transportation. 7. The wishing well table of claim 6, wherein the aperture may be constructed in the shape from the group consisting of circular, square, rectangular, and triangular. 8. The wishing well table of claim 7, wherein the removable pouch is secured to the aperture within the table top with a plurality of suspension members disposed within openings surrounding the aperture. 9. The wishing well table of claim 8, wherein the plurality of suspension members are shaped as latches. 10. The wishing well table of claim 9, wherein the removable pouch is provided with reinforcement rings in the upper open part thereof to facilitate suspending of the removable pouch from the suspension members. 11. The wishing well table of claim 10, wherein the gift receptacle adapted to receive monetary gifts through an opening is baseless and is designed to sit directly over the aperture. 12. The wishing well table of claim 11, wherein the gift receptacle is temporarily secured to the table top. 13. The wishing well table of claim 12, wherein the wishing well includes a Velcro strip attached to the underside of the wishing well to be secured to a corresponding Velcro strip upon the upper surface of the table top surrounding the aperture. 14. A wishing well table to temporarily hold gifts, comprising;
a table formed of a table top including an upper surface and bottom surface; the table supported by a plurality of legs; an aperture disposed through the tabletop; a removable pouch provided with reinforcement rings in the upper open part thereof; the removable pouch secured to the aperture within the table top with a plurality of suspension members to receive the gifts; and a wishing well temporarily secured to the table top and disposed over the aperture having an opening to receive the gifts to fall through the aperture into the removable pouch. 15. The wishing well table of claim 14, wherein the table top may be constructed in the shape from the group consisting of circular, square, rectangular, and triangular. 16. The wishing well table of claim 15, wherein the plurality of legs are fixed in place and are rigidly connected to the table top. 17. The wishing well table of claim 15, wherein the plurality of legs are foldable against the bottom surface of the table top. 18. The wishing well table of claim 15, wherein the table may also be folded in half with carrying straps for easy transportation. 19. The wishing well table of claim 18, wherein the aperture may be constructed in the shape from the group consisting of circular, square, rectangular, and triangular. 20. The wishing well table of claim 19, wherein the wishing well includes a Velcro strip attached to the underside of the wishing well to be secured to a corresponding Velcro strip upon the upper surface of the table top surrounding the aperture. | 3,600 |
345,791 | 16,804,211 | 3,622 | A memory controller optimizes read threshold values for a memory device using multi-dimensional search. The controller performs a read operation on cells using a pair of default read threshold values on a multi-dimensional plane. When the read operation has failed, the controller determines program states of cells and a pair of next read threshold values based on the program states and performs an additional read operation using the next read threshold values. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a memory device including a plurality of cells; and a controller, coupled to the memory device, suitable for: determining default read thresholds on a 2-dimensional plane, the default read thresholds including a pair of first and second default read thresholds; controlling the memory device to perform a read operation on the plurality of cells using the default read threshold values; determining, based on the read operation, a first number of cells, among the plurality of cells, in a first state corresponding to the first default read threshold and a second number of cells, among the plurality of cells, in a second state corresponding to the second default read threshold; comparing the first and second numbers of cells with first and second target cell numbers, respectively; determining next read thresholds based on the comparing result; and controlling the memory device to perform an additional read operation using the next read thresholds, wherein the next read thresholds include a pair of first and second next read thresholds, wherein the first next read threshold is determined based on a direction and a step size from the first default read threshold, which are determined based on a first difference between the first number of cells and the first target cell number, and wherein the second next read threshold is determined based on a direction and a step size from the second default read threshold, which are determined based on a second difference between the second number of cells and the second target cell number. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells is coupled to a word line and includes multiple pages. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the multiple pages include a most significant bit (MSB) page, a center significant bit (CSB) page and a least significant bit (LSB) page. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the plurality of cells is programmed using Gray coding. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein, when the read operation is performed for the MSB page,
the first default read threshold distinguishes between an erase state and a first program state, and the second default read threshold distinguishes between a fourth program state and a fifth program state. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the first state is the erase state and the second state is one of the fifth program state, a sixth program state and a seventh program state. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the controller stops the performing of the additional read operation when the difference between the first number of cells and the first target cell number and the difference between the second number of cells and the second target cell number are each less than a set distance. 10. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the controller stops the performing of the additional read operation when the additional read operation has been performed more than a set number of iterations. 11. A method for operating a memory system, which includes a memory device including a plurality of cells and a controller coupled to the memory device, the method comprising:
determining default read thresholds on a 2-dimensional plane, the default read thresholds including a pair of first and second default read thresholds; performing a read operation on the plurality of cells using the default read thresholds; determining, based on the read operation, a first number of cells, among the plurality of cells, in a first state corresponding to the first default read threshold and a second number of cells, among the plurality of cells, in a second state corresponding to the second default read threshold; comparing the first and second numbers of cells with first and second target cell numbers, respectively; determining next read thresholds based on the comparing result; and performing an additional read operation using the next read thresholds, wherein the next read thresholds include a pair of first and second next read thresholds, and wherein the determining of the next read thresholds includes: determining the first next read threshold based on a direction and a step size from the first default read threshold, which are determined based on a first difference between the first number of cells and the first target cell number; and determining the second next read threshold based on a direction and a step size from the second default read threshold, which are determined based on a second difference between the second number of cells and the second target cell number. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of cells is coupled to a word line and includes multiple pages. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the multiple pages include a most significant bit (MSB) page, a center significant bit (CSB) page and a least significant bit (LSB) page. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of cells is programmed using Gray coding. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein, when the read operation is performed for the MSB page,
the first default read threshold distinguishes between an erase state and a first program state, and the second default read threshold distinguishes between a fourth program state and a fifth program state. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first state is the erase state and the second state is one of the fifth program state, a sixth program state and a seventh program state. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
stopping the performing of the additional read operation when the difference between the first number of cells and the first target cell number and the difference between the second number of cells and the second target cell number are each less than a set distance. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
stopping the performing of the additional read operation when the additional read operation has been performed more than a set number of iterations. | A memory controller optimizes read threshold values for a memory device using multi-dimensional search. The controller performs a read operation on cells using a pair of default read threshold values on a multi-dimensional plane. When the read operation has failed, the controller determines program states of cells and a pair of next read threshold values based on the program states and performs an additional read operation using the next read threshold values.1. A memory system comprising:
a memory device including a plurality of cells; and a controller, coupled to the memory device, suitable for: determining default read thresholds on a 2-dimensional plane, the default read thresholds including a pair of first and second default read thresholds; controlling the memory device to perform a read operation on the plurality of cells using the default read threshold values; determining, based on the read operation, a first number of cells, among the plurality of cells, in a first state corresponding to the first default read threshold and a second number of cells, among the plurality of cells, in a second state corresponding to the second default read threshold; comparing the first and second numbers of cells with first and second target cell numbers, respectively; determining next read thresholds based on the comparing result; and controlling the memory device to perform an additional read operation using the next read thresholds, wherein the next read thresholds include a pair of first and second next read thresholds, wherein the first next read threshold is determined based on a direction and a step size from the first default read threshold, which are determined based on a first difference between the first number of cells and the first target cell number, and wherein the second next read threshold is determined based on a direction and a step size from the second default read threshold, which are determined based on a second difference between the second number of cells and the second target cell number. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells is coupled to a word line and includes multiple pages. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the multiple pages include a most significant bit (MSB) page, a center significant bit (CSB) page and a least significant bit (LSB) page. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the plurality of cells is programmed using Gray coding. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein, when the read operation is performed for the MSB page,
the first default read threshold distinguishes between an erase state and a first program state, and the second default read threshold distinguishes between a fourth program state and a fifth program state. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the first state is the erase state and the second state is one of the fifth program state, a sixth program state and a seventh program state. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the controller stops the performing of the additional read operation when the difference between the first number of cells and the first target cell number and the difference between the second number of cells and the second target cell number are each less than a set distance. 10. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the controller stops the performing of the additional read operation when the additional read operation has been performed more than a set number of iterations. 11. A method for operating a memory system, which includes a memory device including a plurality of cells and a controller coupled to the memory device, the method comprising:
determining default read thresholds on a 2-dimensional plane, the default read thresholds including a pair of first and second default read thresholds; performing a read operation on the plurality of cells using the default read thresholds; determining, based on the read operation, a first number of cells, among the plurality of cells, in a first state corresponding to the first default read threshold and a second number of cells, among the plurality of cells, in a second state corresponding to the second default read threshold; comparing the first and second numbers of cells with first and second target cell numbers, respectively; determining next read thresholds based on the comparing result; and performing an additional read operation using the next read thresholds, wherein the next read thresholds include a pair of first and second next read thresholds, and wherein the determining of the next read thresholds includes: determining the first next read threshold based on a direction and a step size from the first default read threshold, which are determined based on a first difference between the first number of cells and the first target cell number; and determining the second next read threshold based on a direction and a step size from the second default read threshold, which are determined based on a second difference between the second number of cells and the second target cell number. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of cells is coupled to a word line and includes multiple pages. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the multiple pages include a most significant bit (MSB) page, a center significant bit (CSB) page and a least significant bit (LSB) page. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of cells is programmed using Gray coding. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein, when the read operation is performed for the MSB page,
the first default read threshold distinguishes between an erase state and a first program state, and the second default read threshold distinguishes between a fourth program state and a fifth program state. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first state is the erase state and the second state is one of the fifth program state, a sixth program state and a seventh program state. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
stopping the performing of the additional read operation when the difference between the first number of cells and the first target cell number and the difference between the second number of cells and the second target cell number are each less than a set distance. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
stopping the performing of the additional read operation when the additional read operation has been performed more than a set number of iterations. | 3,600 |
345,792 | 16,804,218 | 3,622 | Pressed powder compositions are provided. The compositions include at least about 80% by weight of a mineral portion. The mineral portion comprises at least one alkylsilane-coated mineral; polyhydroxystearic acid, synthetic mica, and less than about 12% by weight of binding agents. Methods of shadowing the eyes and methods of forming pressed powder compositions are also provided. | 1. A pressed powder composition, comprising:
at least about 80% by weight of a mineral portion wherein the mineral portion comprises at least one alkylsilane-coated mineral and a synthetic mica; polyhydroxystearic acid; less than about 12% by weight of binding agents. 2. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the binding agents are selected from a group consisting of fatty compounds, water, fatty acid salts, and glycols. 3. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one alkylsilane-coated coated mineral comprises a mineral substrate selected from iron oxide, titanium dioxide, talc, natural or synthetic mica, silica, borosilicate and combinations thereof. 4. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one alkylsilane-coated coated mineral comprises a mineral substrate selected from iron oxide, titanium dioxide, talc, and combinations thereof. 5. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the pressed powder composition comprises from about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight of the at least one alkylsilane-coated mineral. 6. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the polyhydroxystearic acid is at least in-part formed on the alkylsilane-coated mineral. 7. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the pressed powder composition comprises at least about 11% of a combined weight percentage of minerals having substrates selected from titanium dioxide and iron oxide. 8. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the pressed powder further comprises a salt of a fatty acid and a divalent metal. 9. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the concentration by weight of the alkylsilane relative to the entire pressed powder composition is less than 1.5%. 10. The pressed powder composition of claim 4 wherein the alkylsilane is triethoxycaprylylsilane. 11. The pressed powder of claim 1 wherein the pressed powder composition comprises less than about 9% by weight of binding agents. 12. A pressed powder composition, comprising:
at least about 80% by weight of a mineral portion wherein the mineral portion comprises at least one triethoxycaprylylsilane-coated mineral having a substrate selected from a group consisting of iron oxide, titanium dioxide, talc, and combinations thereof; polyhydroxystearic acid; less than about 12% by weight of binding agents selected from a group consisting of fatty compounds, water, fatty acid salts, and glycols, wherein the pressed powder composition comprises at least about 11% of a combined weight percentage of minerals having substrates selected from titanium dioxide and iron oxide. 13. The pressed powder of claim 12 further comprising a salt of a fatty acid and a divalent metal. 14. A method of shadowing the eyes, comprising applying the pressed powder of claim 1 to eyelids and/or skin around the eyes. 15. A method of forming a pressed powder composition, wherein the method comprises:
adding polyhydroxystearic acid to a powder portion wherein the powder portion comprises at least one mineral coated with alkylsilane to form a powder-binder composition; mechanically pressing the powder-binder composition without previously heating the powder-binder composition to a temperature of at least 50° C. | Pressed powder compositions are provided. The compositions include at least about 80% by weight of a mineral portion. The mineral portion comprises at least one alkylsilane-coated mineral; polyhydroxystearic acid, synthetic mica, and less than about 12% by weight of binding agents. Methods of shadowing the eyes and methods of forming pressed powder compositions are also provided.1. A pressed powder composition, comprising:
at least about 80% by weight of a mineral portion wherein the mineral portion comprises at least one alkylsilane-coated mineral and a synthetic mica; polyhydroxystearic acid; less than about 12% by weight of binding agents. 2. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the binding agents are selected from a group consisting of fatty compounds, water, fatty acid salts, and glycols. 3. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one alkylsilane-coated coated mineral comprises a mineral substrate selected from iron oxide, titanium dioxide, talc, natural or synthetic mica, silica, borosilicate and combinations thereof. 4. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one alkylsilane-coated coated mineral comprises a mineral substrate selected from iron oxide, titanium dioxide, talc, and combinations thereof. 5. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the pressed powder composition comprises from about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight of the at least one alkylsilane-coated mineral. 6. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the polyhydroxystearic acid is at least in-part formed on the alkylsilane-coated mineral. 7. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the pressed powder composition comprises at least about 11% of a combined weight percentage of minerals having substrates selected from titanium dioxide and iron oxide. 8. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the pressed powder further comprises a salt of a fatty acid and a divalent metal. 9. The pressed powder composition of claim 1 wherein the concentration by weight of the alkylsilane relative to the entire pressed powder composition is less than 1.5%. 10. The pressed powder composition of claim 4 wherein the alkylsilane is triethoxycaprylylsilane. 11. The pressed powder of claim 1 wherein the pressed powder composition comprises less than about 9% by weight of binding agents. 12. A pressed powder composition, comprising:
at least about 80% by weight of a mineral portion wherein the mineral portion comprises at least one triethoxycaprylylsilane-coated mineral having a substrate selected from a group consisting of iron oxide, titanium dioxide, talc, and combinations thereof; polyhydroxystearic acid; less than about 12% by weight of binding agents selected from a group consisting of fatty compounds, water, fatty acid salts, and glycols, wherein the pressed powder composition comprises at least about 11% of a combined weight percentage of minerals having substrates selected from titanium dioxide and iron oxide. 13. The pressed powder of claim 12 further comprising a salt of a fatty acid and a divalent metal. 14. A method of shadowing the eyes, comprising applying the pressed powder of claim 1 to eyelids and/or skin around the eyes. 15. A method of forming a pressed powder composition, wherein the method comprises:
adding polyhydroxystearic acid to a powder portion wherein the powder portion comprises at least one mineral coated with alkylsilane to form a powder-binder composition; mechanically pressing the powder-binder composition without previously heating the powder-binder composition to a temperature of at least 50° C. | 3,600 |
345,793 | 16,804,192 | 3,622 | A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a to-be-etched layer, including alternately arranged first regions and second regions in a first direction. Each first region adjoins adjacent second regions, and each second region includes a trench region. The method includes forming a first mask layer on the to-be-etched layer; implanting doping ions into the first mask layer outside of the trench region; forming a doped separation layer in the first mask layer of the second region to divide the first mask layer into portions arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; forming a first trench in the first mask layer of the first region; and removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer to form a second trench divided into portions arranged in the second direction by the doped separation layer. | 1. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a to-be-etched layer, including a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions arranged alternately along a first direction, wherein for a first region of the plurality of first regions adjacent to a second region of the plurality of second regions, the first region and the second region adjoin each other, and each second region of the plurality of second regions includes a trench region; forming a first mask layer on the to-be-etched layer in both the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions; implanting doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region; forming a doped separation layer in the first mask layer of each second region, wherein the doped separation layer divides the first mask layer formed in the trench region into portions arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; after implanting the doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region and forming the doped separation layer in the first mask layer of the second region, forming a first trench in the first mask layer of each first region of the plurality of first regions; and after forming the first trench, removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer to form a second trench in the first mask layer of the second region, wherein the doped separation layer divides the second trench into portions arranged in the second direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the doping ions include boron ions or arsenic ions. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first mask layer is made of a material including amorphous silicon. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
forming the doped separation layer after implanting the doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
implanting the doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region after forming the doped separation layer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
an ion implantation process is adopted to implant the doping ions into a portion of the first mask layer of the second region to form the doped separation layer. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein:
when forming the doped separation layer, the doping ions are also implanted into a side portion of the first mask layer that is located in the first region adjacent to the doped separation layer along the first direction. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
a size of the doped separation layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the doped separation layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer includes a wet etching process. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer by an etching process, an etching rate of a portion of the first mask layer not implanted with the doping ions is larger than an etching rate of a portion of the first mask layer implanted with the doping ions. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when forming the first trench, a separation mask layer is formed from a portion of the first mask layer of the first region, wherein the separation mask layer divides the first trench into portions arranged in the second direction. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein forming the first trench and the separation mask layer includes:
forming a top mask layer on the first mask layer of the first region, wherein a projection pattern of the top mask layer on a surface of the first mask layer divides the first mask layer of the first region into portions arranged in the second direction, and a distance between the top mask layer and the doped separation layer is greater than zero; removing a portion of the first mask layer in the first region on both sides of the top mask layer using the top mask layer as an etch mask to form the first trench and the separation mask layer, wherein the separation mask layer is located under the top mask layer; and after removing the portion of the first mask layer in the first region on both sides of the top mask layer, removing the top mask layer. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
the top mask layer is made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
the top mask layer extends along the first direction to cover a portion of the first mask layer of the second region. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein:
a size of the separation mask layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the separation mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first trench of a first region adjoins adjacent trench regions; prior to removing the portion of the first mask layer in the first region on both sides of the top mask layer, the method further includes forming a sidewall spacing layer on sidewall surfaces of the first trench; and after forming the second trench, the sidewall spacing layer is exposed in the second trench and serves as a portion of sidewalls of the second trench. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the sidewall spacing layer is made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 18. The method according to claim 1, further including:
etching the to-be-etched layer exposed at a bottom of the first trench to form a first target trench in the to-be-etched layer; etching the to-be-etched layer exposed at a bottom of the second trench to form a second target trench in the to-be-etched layer; forming a first conductive layer in the first target trench; and forming a second conductive layer in the second target trench. 19. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a to-be-etched layer, including a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions arranged alternately along a first direction, wherein for a first region of the plurality of first regions adjacent to a second region of the plurality of second regions, the first region and the second region adjoin each other; a first mask layer, formed on the to-be-etched layer, wherein the first mask layer is implanted with doping ions; a plurality of first trenches, formed in the first mask layer of the plurality of first regions, wherein each first trench of the plurality of first trenches is divided into portions arranged in a second direction by a separation mask layer, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; a plurality of second trenches, formed in the first mask layer of the plurality of second regions, wherein each second trench of the plurality of second trenches is divided into portions arranged in the second direction by a doped separation layer; and a sidewall spacing layer, serving as sidewalls of each first trench of the plurality of first trenches. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein:
a size of the doped separation layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; a size of the doped separation layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm; a size of the separation mask layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the separation mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. | A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a to-be-etched layer, including alternately arranged first regions and second regions in a first direction. Each first region adjoins adjacent second regions, and each second region includes a trench region. The method includes forming a first mask layer on the to-be-etched layer; implanting doping ions into the first mask layer outside of the trench region; forming a doped separation layer in the first mask layer of the second region to divide the first mask layer into portions arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; forming a first trench in the first mask layer of the first region; and removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer to form a second trench divided into portions arranged in the second direction by the doped separation layer.1. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a to-be-etched layer, including a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions arranged alternately along a first direction, wherein for a first region of the plurality of first regions adjacent to a second region of the plurality of second regions, the first region and the second region adjoin each other, and each second region of the plurality of second regions includes a trench region; forming a first mask layer on the to-be-etched layer in both the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions; implanting doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region; forming a doped separation layer in the first mask layer of each second region, wherein the doped separation layer divides the first mask layer formed in the trench region into portions arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; after implanting the doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region and forming the doped separation layer in the first mask layer of the second region, forming a first trench in the first mask layer of each first region of the plurality of first regions; and after forming the first trench, removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer to form a second trench in the first mask layer of the second region, wherein the doped separation layer divides the second trench into portions arranged in the second direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the doping ions include boron ions or arsenic ions. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first mask layer is made of a material including amorphous silicon. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
forming the doped separation layer after implanting the doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
implanting the doping ions into the first mask layer formed outside of the trench region after forming the doped separation layer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
an ion implantation process is adopted to implant the doping ions into a portion of the first mask layer of the second region to form the doped separation layer. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein:
when forming the doped separation layer, the doping ions are also implanted into a side portion of the first mask layer that is located in the first region adjacent to the doped separation layer along the first direction. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
a size of the doped separation layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the doped separation layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer includes a wet etching process. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when removing the first mask layer formed in the trench region on both sides of the doped separation layer by an etching process, an etching rate of a portion of the first mask layer not implanted with the doping ions is larger than an etching rate of a portion of the first mask layer implanted with the doping ions. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when forming the first trench, a separation mask layer is formed from a portion of the first mask layer of the first region, wherein the separation mask layer divides the first trench into portions arranged in the second direction. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein forming the first trench and the separation mask layer includes:
forming a top mask layer on the first mask layer of the first region, wherein a projection pattern of the top mask layer on a surface of the first mask layer divides the first mask layer of the first region into portions arranged in the second direction, and a distance between the top mask layer and the doped separation layer is greater than zero; removing a portion of the first mask layer in the first region on both sides of the top mask layer using the top mask layer as an etch mask to form the first trench and the separation mask layer, wherein the separation mask layer is located under the top mask layer; and after removing the portion of the first mask layer in the first region on both sides of the top mask layer, removing the top mask layer. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
the top mask layer is made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
the top mask layer extends along the first direction to cover a portion of the first mask layer of the second region. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein:
a size of the separation mask layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the separation mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first trench of a first region adjoins adjacent trench regions; prior to removing the portion of the first mask layer in the first region on both sides of the top mask layer, the method further includes forming a sidewall spacing layer on sidewall surfaces of the first trench; and after forming the second trench, the sidewall spacing layer is exposed in the second trench and serves as a portion of sidewalls of the second trench. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the sidewall spacing layer is made of a material including SiO2, SiN, TiO2, TiN, AlN, or Al2O3. 18. The method according to claim 1, further including:
etching the to-be-etched layer exposed at a bottom of the first trench to form a first target trench in the to-be-etched layer; etching the to-be-etched layer exposed at a bottom of the second trench to form a second target trench in the to-be-etched layer; forming a first conductive layer in the first target trench; and forming a second conductive layer in the second target trench. 19. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a to-be-etched layer, including a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions arranged alternately along a first direction, wherein for a first region of the plurality of first regions adjacent to a second region of the plurality of second regions, the first region and the second region adjoin each other; a first mask layer, formed on the to-be-etched layer, wherein the first mask layer is implanted with doping ions; a plurality of first trenches, formed in the first mask layer of the plurality of first regions, wherein each first trench of the plurality of first trenches is divided into portions arranged in a second direction by a separation mask layer, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; a plurality of second trenches, formed in the first mask layer of the plurality of second regions, wherein each second trench of the plurality of second trenches is divided into portions arranged in the second direction by a doped separation layer; and a sidewall spacing layer, serving as sidewalls of each first trench of the plurality of first trenches. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein:
a size of the doped separation layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; a size of the doped separation layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm; a size of the separation mask layer in the first direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 60 nm; and a size of the separation mask layer in the second direction is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 40 nm. | 3,600 |
345,794 | 16,804,187 | 3,622 | There is provided an apparatus for drying a spent nuclear fuel based on evaluation of drying characteristics obtained from gas spectroscopy in a drying operation technology of removing moisture from a spent nuclear fuel cladding and a canister (storage container) to store the spent nuclear fuel in a dry state, in which a parameter of drying operation characteristic is extracted from a signal outputted from a gas spectroscopy that directly measures a hot non-reactive gas discharged from a gas outlet port of the canister loaded with a spent nuclear fuel, the signal is inputted as a parameter value for drying operation to execute the drying operation, and if the signal outputted from the gas spectroscopy is below a preset value, it is determined the drying of the canister is completed, so that the drying operation is over. | 1. An apparatus for drying a spent nuclear fuel that dries a cavity of a canister loaded with a spent nuclear fuel, the spent nuclear fuel and a spent nuclear fuel cladding by selectively circulating a non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through a contaminated circulation system or a non-contaminated circulation system according to a contaminated or non-contaminated state, the apparatus comprising:
the canister having the cavity provided with a gas inlet port and a gas outlet port; a non-reactive gas source which is configured to store the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the cavity of the canister; a first gas circulation pump which is mounted on a first gas circulation line which fluidly connects the gas inlet port of the canister and the non-reactive gas source, to feed the non-reactive gas supplied from the non-reactive gas source to the canister; a valve member which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the first gas circulation pump and the canister to open or close the first gas circulation line; a heater which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the canister to heat the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the canister; a gas cooling unit which is fluidly coupled to the canister through a second gas circulation line to cool the non-reactive gas discharged from the cavity of the canister; a second gas circulation pump which is mounted on a third gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which passes through the gas cooling unit, to the non-reactive gas source; a fourth gas circulation line which is branched from the second gas circulation line, to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the canister, separately from the second gas circulation line, thereby transferring a contaminated non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the canister, to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point, from which the second and fourth gas circulation lines are branched, to selectively open or close the second or fourth gas circulation line; a fifth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fourth gas circulation line to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the non-reactive gas source; a particle filter which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to remove radioactive particles contained in the contaminated non-reactive gas which is transferred along the fifth gas circulation line after the non-reactive gas passes through the gas cooling unit along the fourth gas circulation line to be cooled; a third gas circulation pump which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which is cooled by the gas cooling unit and is free of the radioactive particles through the particle filter, to the non-reactive gas source; a radiation dosimeter which is installed outside the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member to measure a radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the canister and is transferred along the second gas circulation line, and to send a measured signal; a controller which is electrically connected to the first to third gas circulation pumps, the branched valve member and the radiation dosimeter, respectively, to determine pollution of the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister based on the measured signal on the radiation dose rate which is received from the radiation dosimeter, and to control an operating state of the branched valve member and the first to third gas circulation pumps; a measuring block which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister, and has a transparent window; a gas spectroscopy device which irradiates a transmitted laser onto the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through the transparent window of the measuring block, and receives scattered light from the non-reactive gas to measure a gas spectroscopy signal which is indicative of components of the non-reactive gas and target components to send the measured value; and a temperature measuring member which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister to measure a temperature inside the canister, 2. The apparatus for drying the spent nuclear fuel according to claim 1, further comprising
a sixth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member and also to the third gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the second gas circulation pump, to preliminarily circulate a non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the third gas circulation line together with radioactive substance discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at preliminary operation; a first valve member which is mounted on the second gas circulation line between the branched point of the second gas circulation line and the branched valve member to close the second gas circulation line, thereby interrupting transfer of the non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation, to the gas cooling unit; second and third valve members which are mounted on both ends of the sixth gas circulation line to open or close the sixth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation flows along the sixth gas circulation line; a seventh gas circulation line which is branched from the sixth gas circulation line and is fluidly coupled to the fifth gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the particle filter, to preliminarily circulate the contaminated non-reactive gas along the fifth gas circulation line together with the radioactive substance discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation; a fourth valve member which is mounted on the seventh gas circulation line to interrupt an end of the seventh gas circulation line at the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas transferred from the gas cooling unit along the fifth gas circulation line flows to the seventh gas circulation line; a fifth valve member which is mounted on the third gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the branched point of the sixth gas circulation line to interrupt the third gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing to the third gas circulation line from the sixth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the gas cooling unit; a sixth valve member which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the branched point of the seventh gas circulation line to interrupt the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing to the fifth gas circulation line from the seventh gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point of the sixth and seventh gas circulation lines to selectively open or close the sixth or seventh gas circulation line; a seventh valve member which is mounted on the third gas circulation line between the second gas circulation pump and the non-reactive gas source to interrupt the third gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing along the third gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the non-reactive gas source; an eighth valve member which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line between the third gas circulation pump and the non-reactive gas source to interrupt the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing along the fifth gas circulation line (P5) at the preliminary operation flows to the non-reactive gas source (50); an eighth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the third gas circulation line between the second gas circulation pump and the seventh valve member and also to the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the heater, to preliminarily circulate the non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the first gas circulation line together with radioactive substance flowing allowing the third gas circulation line at the preliminary operation; ninth and eleventh valve members which are mounted on both ends of the eighth gas circulation line to open or close the eighth gas circulation line, thereby preventing the non-reactive gas circulating along the first and third gas circulation lines at the drying operation from flowing to the eighth gas circulation line; a ninth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fifth gas circulation line between the third gas circulation pump and the eighth valve member and also to the eighth gas circulation line between the ninth valve member and the eleventh valve member, to circulate the non-reactive gas, which is flowing along the fifth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation, along the eighth gas circulation line; and a tenth valve member which is mounted on an end of the ninth gas circulation line at a side of the fifth gas circulation line (P5) to shut off the ninth gas circulation line, thereby preventing the non-reactive gas circulating along the fifth gas circulation line at the drying operation from flowing to the ninth gas circulation line, wherein the controller is electrically connected to the first to eleventh valve members, the radiation dosimeter, the valve member, the branched valve member, the second and third gas circulation pumps, the heater, the gas spectroscopy device and the temperature measuring member, respectively, and executes the preliminary operation by controlling operation of the first to eleventh valve members, the valve member, the branched valve member, the second and third gas circulation pumps, and the heater, according to a measured indoor temperature value of the canister which is received from the temperature measuring member and the detected value received from the radiation dosimeter at the preliminary operation, to control execution of the drying operation. 3. In an apparatus for drying a spent nuclear fuel that dries a cavity of a canister loaded with a spent nuclear fuel, the apparatus including: the canister having the cavity provided with a gas inlet port and a gas outlet port; a non-reactive gas source which is configured to store the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the cavity of the canister; a first gas circulation pump which is mounted on a first gas circulation line which fluidly connects the gas inlet port of the canister and the non-reactive gas source, to feed the non-reactive gas supplied from the non-reactive gas source to the canister; a valve member which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the first gas circulation pump and the canister to open or close the first gas circulation line; a heater which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the canister to heat the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the canister; a gas cooling unit which is fluidly coupled to the canister through a second gas circulation line to cool the non-reactive gas discharged from the cavity of the canister; a second gas circulation pump which is mounted on a third gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which passes through the gas cooling unit, to the non-reactive gas source; a fourth gas circulation line which is branched from the second gas circulation line, to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the canister, separately from the second gas circulation line, thereby transferring a contaminated non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the canister, to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point, from which the second and fourth gas circulation lines are branched, to selectively open or close the second or fourth gas circulation line; a fifth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fourth gas circulation line to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the non-reactive gas source; a particle filter which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to remove radioactive particles contained in the contaminated non-reactive gas which is transferred along the fifth gas circulation line after the non-reactive gas passes through the gas cooling unit along the fourth gas circulation line to be cooled; a third gas circulation pump which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which is cooled by the gas cooling unit and is free of the radioactive particles through the particle filter, to the non-reactive gas source; a radiation dosimeter which is installed outside the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member to measure a radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the canister and is transferred along the second gas circulation line, and to send a measured signal; a measuring block which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister, and has a transparent window; a gas spectroscopy device which irradiates a transmitted laser onto the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through the transparent window of the measuring block, and receives scattered light from the non-reactive gas to measure a gas spectroscopy signal which is indicative of components of the non-reactive gas and target components to send the measured value; a temperature measuring member which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister to measure a temperature inside the canister; and a controller which is electrically connected to the first to third gas circulation pumps, the branched valve member, the radiation dosimeter, the gas spectroscopy device and the temperature measuring member, respectively, to determine pollution of the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister based on the measured signal on the radiation dose rate which is received from the radiation dosimeter, and to control an operating state of the branched valve member and the first to third gas circulation pumps, thereby drying the cavity of the canister by selectively circulating the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through a contaminated circulation system or a non-contaminated circulation system according to a contaminated or non-contaminated state, as well as executing and controlling the preliminary operation and the drying operation according to the measured values received from the gas spectroscopy device and the temperature measuring member,
a method for controlling the apparatus which dries the spent nuclear fuel based on evaluation of drying characteristics obtained from the gas spectroscopy, the method comprising: a step of setting the dried canister to a gas circulation system so that the non-reactive gas is discharged from the predetermined gas outlet port and is circulated, and inputting a preset temperature value for starting normal drying operation, a preset parameter value for the drying operation, a preset drying reference value, and a preset reference radiation dose rate for determining whether the non-reactive gas is contaminated or not, to prepare the operation; a step of feeding the non-reactive gas to the cavity of the canister through the first gas circulation line; a step of measuring the temperature of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister by the temperature measuring member after the step is completed, and sending the measured value to the controller; a step of determining whether or not the initial temperature value of the canister measured at the step is above the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation; if it is determined at the step that the initial temperature value of the canister measured at the step is above the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, a step of measuring the radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister and is circulated along the second gas circulation line; a step of determining whether or not the radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas measured at the step is above a reference radiation dose rate; if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate is above the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the first, sixth and eighth valve members and opening the branched valve member toward the fourth gas circulation line to form a contaminated circulation system consisting of the first, fourth and fifth gas circulation lines; if the step is completed, a step of circulating the contaminated non-reactive gas along the contaminated circulation system via the canister (20), based on the preset parameter value for the drying operation which is inputted at the step, to dry the cavity of the canister; if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate is less than the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the first, fifth and seventh valve members and the valve member, and opening the branched valve member toward the second gas circulation line to form a non-contaminated circulation system consisting of the first, second and third gas circulation lines; if the step is completed, a step of circulating the non-reactive gas along the contaminated circulation system or the non-contaminated circulation system via the canister, based on the preset parameter value for the drying operation which is inputted at the step, to dry the cavity of the canister; while the step or the step is executing, a step of measuring a target component of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port and residual amounts of the target component with the gas spectroscopy device which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister; a step of comparing the measured residual amounts of the target component, which is measured at the step, with the preset drying reference value, to determine whether or not the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value; if it is determined at the step that the measured residual amounts are above the preset drying reference value, a step of computing a parameter for drying operation characteristic corresponding to the measured residual amounts to extract a preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic; a step of inputting the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic to control the drying operation, thereby applying the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic, which is extracted from the step, to the steps, and then proceeding to the step or the step; if it is determined at the step that the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, a step of counting a preset time; if the step is completed, a step of measuring the target component of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port and residual amounts of the target component with the gas spectroscopy device which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister; a step of comparing the measured residual amounts of the target component, which is measured at the step, with the preset drying reference value, to determine whether or not the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, and if the measured residual amounts are above the preset drying reference value, proceeding to the step or the step, or if the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, completing the drying operation for the canister, wherein the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation is in a range of 40 to 700′, the preset parameter value for the drying operation includes a pumping speed of the pump and a heating value of the heater, the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic includes a positive or negative value corresponding to the pumping speed of the pump, and a positive or negative value corresponding to the heating value of the heater, as a parameter for controlling the operation of the pump and the heater corresponding to a parameter of the drying operation, and if the measured residual amounts are more than the preset drying reference value, at the step, the pumping speed of the pump is extracted as the negative value, and the heating value of the heater is extracted as the positive value. 4. In an apparatus for drying a spent nuclear fuel that dries a cavity of a canister loaded with a spent nuclear fuel, the apparatus including: the canister having the cavity provided with a gas inlet port and a gas outlet port; a non-reactive gas source which is configured to store the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the cavity of the canister; a first gas circulation pump which is mounted on a first gas circulation line which fluidly connects the gas inlet port of the canister and the non-reactive gas source, to feed the non-reactive gas supplied from the non-reactive gas source to the canister; a valve member which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the first gas circulation pump and the canister to open or close the first gas circulation line; a heater which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the canister to heat the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the canister; a gas cooling unit which is fluidly coupled to the canister through a second gas circulation line to cool the non-reactive gas discharged from the cavity of the canister; a second gas circulation pump which is mounted on a third gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which passes through the gas cooling unit, to the non-reactive gas source; a fourth gas circulation line which is branched from the second gas circulation line, to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the canister, separately from the second gas circulation line, thereby transferring a contaminated non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the canister, to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point, from which the second and fourth gas circulation lines are branched, to selectively open or close the second or fourth gas circulation line; a fifth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fourth gas circulation line to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the non-reactive gas source; a particle filter which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to remove radioactive particles contained in the contaminated non-reactive gas which is transferred along the fifth gas circulation line after the non-reactive gas passes through the gas cooling unit along the fourth gas circulation line to be cooled; a third gas circulation pump which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which is cooled by the gas cooling unit and is free of the radioactive particles through the particle filter, to the non-reactive gas source; a radiation dosimeter which is installed outside the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member to measure a radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the canister and is transferred along the second gas circulation line, and to send a measured signal; a measuring block which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister, and has a transparent window; a gas spectroscopy device which irradiates a transmitted laser onto the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through the transparent window of the measuring block, and receives scattered light from the non-reactive gas to measure a gas spectroscopy signal which is indicative of components of the non-reactive gas and target components to send the measured value; a temperature measuring member which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister to measure a temperature inside the canister; a sixth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member and also to the third gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the second gas circulation pump, to preliminarily circulate a non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the third gas circulation line together with radioactive substance discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at preliminary operation; a first valve member which is mounted on the second gas circulation line between the branched point of the second gas circulation line and the branched valve member to close the second gas circulation line, thereby interrupting transfer of the non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation, to the gas cooling unit; second and third valve members which are mounted on both ends of the sixth gas circulation line to open or close the sixth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation flows along the sixth gas circulation line; a seventh gas circulation line which is branched from the sixth gas circulation line and is fluidly coupled to the fifth gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the particle filter, to preliminarily circulate the contaminated non-reactive gas along the fifth gas circulation line together with the radioactive substance discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation; a fourth valve member which is mounted on the seventh gas circulation line to interrupt an end of the seventh gas circulation line at the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas transferred from the gas cooling unit along the fifth gas circulation line flows to the seventh gas circulation line; a fifth valve member which is mounted on the third gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the branched point of the sixth gas circulation line to interrupt the third gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing to the third gas circulation line from the sixth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the gas cooling unit; a sixth valve member which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the branched point of the seventh gas circulation line to interrupt the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing to the fifth gas circulation line from the seventh gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point of the sixth and seventh gas circulation lines to selectively open or close the sixth or seventh gas circulation line; a seventh valve member which is mounted on the third gas circulation line between the second gas circulation pump and the non-reactive gas source to interrupt the third gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing along the third gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the non-reactive gas source; an eighth valve member which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line between the third gas circulation pump and the non-reactive gas source to interrupt the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing along the fifth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the non-reactive gas source; an eighth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the third gas circulation line between the second gas circulation pump and the seventh valve member and also to the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the heater, to preliminarily circulate the non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the first gas circulation line together with radioactive substance flowing allowing the third gas circulation line at the preliminary operation; ninth and eleventh valve members which are mounted on both ends of the eighth gas circulation line to open or close the eighth gas circulation line, thereby preventing the non-reactive gas circulating along the first and third gas circulation lines at the drying operation from flowing to the eighth gas circulation line; a ninth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fifth gas circulation line between the third gas circulation pump and the eighth valve member and also to the eighth gas circulation line between the ninth valve member and the eleventh valve member, to circulate the non-reactive gas, which is flowing along the fifth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation, along the eighth gas circulation line; a tenth valve member which is mounted on an end of the ninth gas circulation line at a side of the fifth gas circulation line to shut off the ninth gas circulation line, thereby preventing the non-reactive gas circulating along the fifth gas circulation line at the drying operation from flowing to the ninth gas circulation line; and a controller which is electrically connected to the first to third gas circulation pumps, the branched valve member, the radiation dosimeter, the gas spectroscopy device, the temperature measuring member, the first to eleventh valve members, the valve member, the second and third gas circulation pumps and the heater, respectively, to determine pollution of the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister based on the measured signal on the radiation dose rate which is received from the radiation dosimeter, and to control an operating state of the branched valve member and the first to third gas circulation pumps according to the determined results and an operating state of the first to eleventh valve members, the valve member, the second and third gas circulation pumps and the heater according to the measured cavity temperature of the canister received from the temperature measuring member and the measured values received from the radiation dosimeter at the preliminary operation, thereby drying the cavity of the canister by selectively circulating the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through a contaminated circulation system or a non-contaminated circulation system according to a contaminated or non-contaminated state, as well as executing and controlling the preliminary operation and the drying operation according to the measured values received from the gas spectroscopy device and the temperature measuring member,
a method for controlling the apparatus which dries the spent nuclear fuel based on evaluation of drying characteristics obtained from the gas spectroscopy, the method comprising:
a step of setting the dried canister to a gas circulation system so that the non-reactive gas is discharged from the predetermined gas outlet port and is circulated, and inputting a preset temperature value for starting normal drying operation, a preset parameter value for the drying operation, a preset drying reference value, and a preset reference radiation dose rate for determining whether the non-reactive gas is contaminated or not, to prepare the operation;
a step of feeding the non-reactive gas to the cavity of the canister through the first gas circulation line;
a step of measuring the temperature of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister by the temperature measuring member after the step is completed, and sending the measured value to the controller;
a step of determining whether or not the initial temperature value of the canister measured at the step is above the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation;
if it is determined at the step that the measured initial temperature value of the canister is less than the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, a step of closing the valve member, the first, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth valve members, opening the second and eleventh valve members, and turning on the heater to preheat the canister;
if the step is completed, a step of measuring the radiation dose rate of the cold non-reactive gas which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister and is circulated along the sixth gas circulation line;
if it is determined at the step that the measured initial temperature value of the canister is above the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, a step of measuring the radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister and is circulated along the second gas circulation line;
a step of determining whether or not the radiation dose rate of the cold non-reactive gas measured at the step is above a reference radiation dose rate;
a step of determining whether or not the radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas of the normal temperature measured at the step is above the reference radiation dose rate;
if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate is above the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the branched valve member toward the seventh gas circulation line and opening the fourth and tenth valve members to form a contaminated preheating circulation system consisting of the canister, the seventh, fifth, ninth, eighth and first gas circulation lines;
if the step is completed, a step of turning on the third gas circulation pump to circulate the contaminated cold non-reactive gas along the contaminated preheating circulation system, thereby raising the cavity temperature of the canister by the preset value for the normal drying operation;
if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate is less than the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the branched valve member toward the sixth gas circulation line and opening the third and ninth valve members to form a non-contaminated preheating circulation system consisting of the canister, the sixth, third, eighth first gas circulation lines;
if the step is completed, a step of turning on the third gas circulation pump to circulate the non-contaminated cold non-reactive gas along the non-contaminated preliminary circulation system, so that the cavity temperature of the canister raises up to the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation;
while the step is executing, a step of measuring the temperature of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister to measure the cavity temperature of the canister while preheating the contaminated cold non-reactive gas;
while the step is executing, a step of measuring the temperature of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister to measure the cavity temperature of the canister while preheating the non-contaminated non-reactive gas;
a step of determining whether or not the cavity temperature of the canister measured at the step reaches the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, and if the measured cavity temperature of the canister does not reach the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, proceeding to the step;
if it is determined at the step that the measured cavity temperature of the canister is more than the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation or if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas of the normal temperature is above the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the branched valve member toward the fourth gas circulation line, opening the valve member, the first, sixth, and eighth valve members, and closing the second, fourth, tenth and eleventh valve members to form a normal contaminated drying circulation system consisting of the canister, the fourth gas circulation line, the gas cooling unit, the fifth gas circulation line, the non-reactive gas source and the first gas circulation line;
if the step is completed, a step of turning on the first and third gas circulation pumps and the gas cooling unit to circulate the contaminated non-reactive gas along the normal contaminated circulation system, based on the preset parameter value for the drying operation which is inputted at the step, thereby drying the cavity of the canister;
a step of determining whether or not the cavity temperature of the canister measured at the step reaches the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, and if the measured cavity temperature of the canister does not reach the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, proceeding to the step;
if it is determined at the step that the measured cavity temperature of the canister is more than the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation or if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas of the normal temperature is less than the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the branched valve member toward the second gas circulation line, opening the valve member, the first, fifth and seventh valve members, and closing the second, third, ninth and eleventh valve members to form a normal non-contaminated drying circulation system consisting of the canister, the second gas circulation line, the gas cooling unit, the third gas circulation line, the non-reactive gas source and the first gas circulation line;
if the step is completed, a step of turning on the first and second gas circulation pumps and the gas cooling unit to circulate the non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the normal non-contaminated circulation system based on the preset parameter value for the drying operation which is inputted at the step, thereby drying the non-contaminated cavity of the canister;
while the step or the step is executing, a step of measuring a target component of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port and residual amounts of the target component with the gas spectroscopy device which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister;
a step of comparing the measured residual amounts of the target component, which is measured at the step, with the preset drying reference value, to determine whether or not the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value;
if it is determined at the step that the measured residual amounts are above the preset drying reference value, a step of computing a parameter for drying operation characteristic corresponding to the measured residual amounts to extract a preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic;
a step of inputting the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic to control the operation of the gas circulation system, thereby applying the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic, which is extracted from the step, to the drying operation, and then proceeding to the step;
if it is determined at the step that the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, a step of counting a preset time;
if the step is completed, a step of measuring the target component of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port and residual amounts of the target component with the gas spectroscopy device which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister;
a step of comparing the measured residual amounts of the target component, which is measured at the step, with the preset drying reference value, to determine whether or not the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, and if the measured residual amounts are more than the preset drying reference value, proceeding to the step, or if the measured residual amounts are below the preset drying reference value, completing the drying operation for the canister,
wherein the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation is in a range of 40 to 70° C.,
the preset parameter value for the drying operation includes a pumping speed of the pump and a heating value of the heater,
the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic includes a positive or negative value corresponding to the pumping speed of the pump, and a positive or negative value corresponding to the heating value of the heater, as a parameter for controlling the operation of the pump and the heater corresponding to a parameter of the drying operation, and
if the measured residual amounts are more than the preset drying reference value, at the step, the pumping speed of the pump is extracted as the negative value, and the heating value of the heater is extracted as the positive value. | There is provided an apparatus for drying a spent nuclear fuel based on evaluation of drying characteristics obtained from gas spectroscopy in a drying operation technology of removing moisture from a spent nuclear fuel cladding and a canister (storage container) to store the spent nuclear fuel in a dry state, in which a parameter of drying operation characteristic is extracted from a signal outputted from a gas spectroscopy that directly measures a hot non-reactive gas discharged from a gas outlet port of the canister loaded with a spent nuclear fuel, the signal is inputted as a parameter value for drying operation to execute the drying operation, and if the signal outputted from the gas spectroscopy is below a preset value, it is determined the drying of the canister is completed, so that the drying operation is over.1. An apparatus for drying a spent nuclear fuel that dries a cavity of a canister loaded with a spent nuclear fuel, the spent nuclear fuel and a spent nuclear fuel cladding by selectively circulating a non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through a contaminated circulation system or a non-contaminated circulation system according to a contaminated or non-contaminated state, the apparatus comprising:
the canister having the cavity provided with a gas inlet port and a gas outlet port; a non-reactive gas source which is configured to store the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the cavity of the canister; a first gas circulation pump which is mounted on a first gas circulation line which fluidly connects the gas inlet port of the canister and the non-reactive gas source, to feed the non-reactive gas supplied from the non-reactive gas source to the canister; a valve member which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the first gas circulation pump and the canister to open or close the first gas circulation line; a heater which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the canister to heat the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the canister; a gas cooling unit which is fluidly coupled to the canister through a second gas circulation line to cool the non-reactive gas discharged from the cavity of the canister; a second gas circulation pump which is mounted on a third gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which passes through the gas cooling unit, to the non-reactive gas source; a fourth gas circulation line which is branched from the second gas circulation line, to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the canister, separately from the second gas circulation line, thereby transferring a contaminated non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the canister, to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point, from which the second and fourth gas circulation lines are branched, to selectively open or close the second or fourth gas circulation line; a fifth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fourth gas circulation line to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the non-reactive gas source; a particle filter which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to remove radioactive particles contained in the contaminated non-reactive gas which is transferred along the fifth gas circulation line after the non-reactive gas passes through the gas cooling unit along the fourth gas circulation line to be cooled; a third gas circulation pump which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which is cooled by the gas cooling unit and is free of the radioactive particles through the particle filter, to the non-reactive gas source; a radiation dosimeter which is installed outside the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member to measure a radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the canister and is transferred along the second gas circulation line, and to send a measured signal; a controller which is electrically connected to the first to third gas circulation pumps, the branched valve member and the radiation dosimeter, respectively, to determine pollution of the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister based on the measured signal on the radiation dose rate which is received from the radiation dosimeter, and to control an operating state of the branched valve member and the first to third gas circulation pumps; a measuring block which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister, and has a transparent window; a gas spectroscopy device which irradiates a transmitted laser onto the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through the transparent window of the measuring block, and receives scattered light from the non-reactive gas to measure a gas spectroscopy signal which is indicative of components of the non-reactive gas and target components to send the measured value; and a temperature measuring member which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister to measure a temperature inside the canister, 2. The apparatus for drying the spent nuclear fuel according to claim 1, further comprising
a sixth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member and also to the third gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the second gas circulation pump, to preliminarily circulate a non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the third gas circulation line together with radioactive substance discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at preliminary operation; a first valve member which is mounted on the second gas circulation line between the branched point of the second gas circulation line and the branched valve member to close the second gas circulation line, thereby interrupting transfer of the non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation, to the gas cooling unit; second and third valve members which are mounted on both ends of the sixth gas circulation line to open or close the sixth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation flows along the sixth gas circulation line; a seventh gas circulation line which is branched from the sixth gas circulation line and is fluidly coupled to the fifth gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the particle filter, to preliminarily circulate the contaminated non-reactive gas along the fifth gas circulation line together with the radioactive substance discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation; a fourth valve member which is mounted on the seventh gas circulation line to interrupt an end of the seventh gas circulation line at the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas transferred from the gas cooling unit along the fifth gas circulation line flows to the seventh gas circulation line; a fifth valve member which is mounted on the third gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the branched point of the sixth gas circulation line to interrupt the third gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing to the third gas circulation line from the sixth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the gas cooling unit; a sixth valve member which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the branched point of the seventh gas circulation line to interrupt the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing to the fifth gas circulation line from the seventh gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point of the sixth and seventh gas circulation lines to selectively open or close the sixth or seventh gas circulation line; a seventh valve member which is mounted on the third gas circulation line between the second gas circulation pump and the non-reactive gas source to interrupt the third gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing along the third gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the non-reactive gas source; an eighth valve member which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line between the third gas circulation pump and the non-reactive gas source to interrupt the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing along the fifth gas circulation line (P5) at the preliminary operation flows to the non-reactive gas source (50); an eighth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the third gas circulation line between the second gas circulation pump and the seventh valve member and also to the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the heater, to preliminarily circulate the non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the first gas circulation line together with radioactive substance flowing allowing the third gas circulation line at the preliminary operation; ninth and eleventh valve members which are mounted on both ends of the eighth gas circulation line to open or close the eighth gas circulation line, thereby preventing the non-reactive gas circulating along the first and third gas circulation lines at the drying operation from flowing to the eighth gas circulation line; a ninth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fifth gas circulation line between the third gas circulation pump and the eighth valve member and also to the eighth gas circulation line between the ninth valve member and the eleventh valve member, to circulate the non-reactive gas, which is flowing along the fifth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation, along the eighth gas circulation line; and a tenth valve member which is mounted on an end of the ninth gas circulation line at a side of the fifth gas circulation line (P5) to shut off the ninth gas circulation line, thereby preventing the non-reactive gas circulating along the fifth gas circulation line at the drying operation from flowing to the ninth gas circulation line, wherein the controller is electrically connected to the first to eleventh valve members, the radiation dosimeter, the valve member, the branched valve member, the second and third gas circulation pumps, the heater, the gas spectroscopy device and the temperature measuring member, respectively, and executes the preliminary operation by controlling operation of the first to eleventh valve members, the valve member, the branched valve member, the second and third gas circulation pumps, and the heater, according to a measured indoor temperature value of the canister which is received from the temperature measuring member and the detected value received from the radiation dosimeter at the preliminary operation, to control execution of the drying operation. 3. In an apparatus for drying a spent nuclear fuel that dries a cavity of a canister loaded with a spent nuclear fuel, the apparatus including: the canister having the cavity provided with a gas inlet port and a gas outlet port; a non-reactive gas source which is configured to store the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the cavity of the canister; a first gas circulation pump which is mounted on a first gas circulation line which fluidly connects the gas inlet port of the canister and the non-reactive gas source, to feed the non-reactive gas supplied from the non-reactive gas source to the canister; a valve member which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the first gas circulation pump and the canister to open or close the first gas circulation line; a heater which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the canister to heat the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the canister; a gas cooling unit which is fluidly coupled to the canister through a second gas circulation line to cool the non-reactive gas discharged from the cavity of the canister; a second gas circulation pump which is mounted on a third gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which passes through the gas cooling unit, to the non-reactive gas source; a fourth gas circulation line which is branched from the second gas circulation line, to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the canister, separately from the second gas circulation line, thereby transferring a contaminated non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the canister, to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point, from which the second and fourth gas circulation lines are branched, to selectively open or close the second or fourth gas circulation line; a fifth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fourth gas circulation line to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the non-reactive gas source; a particle filter which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to remove radioactive particles contained in the contaminated non-reactive gas which is transferred along the fifth gas circulation line after the non-reactive gas passes through the gas cooling unit along the fourth gas circulation line to be cooled; a third gas circulation pump which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which is cooled by the gas cooling unit and is free of the radioactive particles through the particle filter, to the non-reactive gas source; a radiation dosimeter which is installed outside the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member to measure a radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the canister and is transferred along the second gas circulation line, and to send a measured signal; a measuring block which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister, and has a transparent window; a gas spectroscopy device which irradiates a transmitted laser onto the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through the transparent window of the measuring block, and receives scattered light from the non-reactive gas to measure a gas spectroscopy signal which is indicative of components of the non-reactive gas and target components to send the measured value; a temperature measuring member which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister to measure a temperature inside the canister; and a controller which is electrically connected to the first to third gas circulation pumps, the branched valve member, the radiation dosimeter, the gas spectroscopy device and the temperature measuring member, respectively, to determine pollution of the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister based on the measured signal on the radiation dose rate which is received from the radiation dosimeter, and to control an operating state of the branched valve member and the first to third gas circulation pumps, thereby drying the cavity of the canister by selectively circulating the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through a contaminated circulation system or a non-contaminated circulation system according to a contaminated or non-contaminated state, as well as executing and controlling the preliminary operation and the drying operation according to the measured values received from the gas spectroscopy device and the temperature measuring member,
a method for controlling the apparatus which dries the spent nuclear fuel based on evaluation of drying characteristics obtained from the gas spectroscopy, the method comprising: a step of setting the dried canister to a gas circulation system so that the non-reactive gas is discharged from the predetermined gas outlet port and is circulated, and inputting a preset temperature value for starting normal drying operation, a preset parameter value for the drying operation, a preset drying reference value, and a preset reference radiation dose rate for determining whether the non-reactive gas is contaminated or not, to prepare the operation; a step of feeding the non-reactive gas to the cavity of the canister through the first gas circulation line; a step of measuring the temperature of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister by the temperature measuring member after the step is completed, and sending the measured value to the controller; a step of determining whether or not the initial temperature value of the canister measured at the step is above the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation; if it is determined at the step that the initial temperature value of the canister measured at the step is above the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, a step of measuring the radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister and is circulated along the second gas circulation line; a step of determining whether or not the radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas measured at the step is above a reference radiation dose rate; if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate is above the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the first, sixth and eighth valve members and opening the branched valve member toward the fourth gas circulation line to form a contaminated circulation system consisting of the first, fourth and fifth gas circulation lines; if the step is completed, a step of circulating the contaminated non-reactive gas along the contaminated circulation system via the canister (20), based on the preset parameter value for the drying operation which is inputted at the step, to dry the cavity of the canister; if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate is less than the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the first, fifth and seventh valve members and the valve member, and opening the branched valve member toward the second gas circulation line to form a non-contaminated circulation system consisting of the first, second and third gas circulation lines; if the step is completed, a step of circulating the non-reactive gas along the contaminated circulation system or the non-contaminated circulation system via the canister, based on the preset parameter value for the drying operation which is inputted at the step, to dry the cavity of the canister; while the step or the step is executing, a step of measuring a target component of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port and residual amounts of the target component with the gas spectroscopy device which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister; a step of comparing the measured residual amounts of the target component, which is measured at the step, with the preset drying reference value, to determine whether or not the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value; if it is determined at the step that the measured residual amounts are above the preset drying reference value, a step of computing a parameter for drying operation characteristic corresponding to the measured residual amounts to extract a preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic; a step of inputting the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic to control the drying operation, thereby applying the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic, which is extracted from the step, to the steps, and then proceeding to the step or the step; if it is determined at the step that the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, a step of counting a preset time; if the step is completed, a step of measuring the target component of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port and residual amounts of the target component with the gas spectroscopy device which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister; a step of comparing the measured residual amounts of the target component, which is measured at the step, with the preset drying reference value, to determine whether or not the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, and if the measured residual amounts are above the preset drying reference value, proceeding to the step or the step, or if the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, completing the drying operation for the canister, wherein the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation is in a range of 40 to 700′, the preset parameter value for the drying operation includes a pumping speed of the pump and a heating value of the heater, the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic includes a positive or negative value corresponding to the pumping speed of the pump, and a positive or negative value corresponding to the heating value of the heater, as a parameter for controlling the operation of the pump and the heater corresponding to a parameter of the drying operation, and if the measured residual amounts are more than the preset drying reference value, at the step, the pumping speed of the pump is extracted as the negative value, and the heating value of the heater is extracted as the positive value. 4. In an apparatus for drying a spent nuclear fuel that dries a cavity of a canister loaded with a spent nuclear fuel, the apparatus including: the canister having the cavity provided with a gas inlet port and a gas outlet port; a non-reactive gas source which is configured to store the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the cavity of the canister; a first gas circulation pump which is mounted on a first gas circulation line which fluidly connects the gas inlet port of the canister and the non-reactive gas source, to feed the non-reactive gas supplied from the non-reactive gas source to the canister; a valve member which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the first gas circulation pump and the canister to open or close the first gas circulation line; a heater which is mounted on the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the canister to heat the non-reactive gas to be supplied to the canister; a gas cooling unit which is fluidly coupled to the canister through a second gas circulation line to cool the non-reactive gas discharged from the cavity of the canister; a second gas circulation pump which is mounted on a third gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which passes through the gas cooling unit, to the non-reactive gas source; a fourth gas circulation line which is branched from the second gas circulation line, to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the canister, separately from the second gas circulation line, thereby transferring a contaminated non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the canister, to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point, from which the second and fourth gas circulation lines are branched, to selectively open or close the second or fourth gas circulation line; a fifth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fourth gas circulation line to fluidly connect the gas cooling unit and the non-reactive gas source; a particle filter which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to remove radioactive particles contained in the contaminated non-reactive gas which is transferred along the fifth gas circulation line after the non-reactive gas passes through the gas cooling unit along the fourth gas circulation line to be cooled; a third gas circulation pump which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line to feed the non-reactive gas, which is cooled by the gas cooling unit and is free of the radioactive particles through the particle filter, to the non-reactive gas source; a radiation dosimeter which is installed outside the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member to measure a radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the canister and is transferred along the second gas circulation line, and to send a measured signal; a measuring block which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister, and has a transparent window; a gas spectroscopy device which irradiates a transmitted laser onto the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through the transparent window of the measuring block, and receives scattered light from the non-reactive gas to measure a gas spectroscopy signal which is indicative of components of the non-reactive gas and target components to send the measured value; a temperature measuring member which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister to measure a temperature inside the canister; a sixth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the second gas circulation line between the canister and the branched valve member and also to the third gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the second gas circulation pump, to preliminarily circulate a non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the third gas circulation line together with radioactive substance discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at preliminary operation; a first valve member which is mounted on the second gas circulation line between the branched point of the second gas circulation line and the branched valve member to close the second gas circulation line, thereby interrupting transfer of the non-reactive gas, which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation, to the gas cooling unit; second and third valve members which are mounted on both ends of the sixth gas circulation line to open or close the sixth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation flows along the sixth gas circulation line; a seventh gas circulation line which is branched from the sixth gas circulation line and is fluidly coupled to the fifth gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the particle filter, to preliminarily circulate the contaminated non-reactive gas along the fifth gas circulation line together with the radioactive substance discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister at the preliminary operation; a fourth valve member which is mounted on the seventh gas circulation line to interrupt an end of the seventh gas circulation line at the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas transferred from the gas cooling unit along the fifth gas circulation line flows to the seventh gas circulation line; a fifth valve member which is mounted on the third gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the branched point of the sixth gas circulation line to interrupt the third gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing to the third gas circulation line from the sixth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the gas cooling unit; a sixth valve member which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line between the gas cooling unit and the branched point of the seventh gas circulation line to interrupt the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing to the fifth gas circulation line from the seventh gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the gas cooling unit; a branched valve member which is mounted on a branched point of the sixth and seventh gas circulation lines to selectively open or close the sixth or seventh gas circulation line; a seventh valve member which is mounted on the third gas circulation line between the second gas circulation pump and the non-reactive gas source to interrupt the third gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing along the third gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the non-reactive gas source; an eighth valve member which is mounted on the fifth gas circulation line between the third gas circulation pump and the non-reactive gas source to interrupt the fifth gas circulation line so that the non-reactive gas flowing along the fifth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation flows to the non-reactive gas source; an eighth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the third gas circulation line between the second gas circulation pump and the seventh valve member and also to the first gas circulation line between the valve member and the heater, to preliminarily circulate the non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the first gas circulation line together with radioactive substance flowing allowing the third gas circulation line at the preliminary operation; ninth and eleventh valve members which are mounted on both ends of the eighth gas circulation line to open or close the eighth gas circulation line, thereby preventing the non-reactive gas circulating along the first and third gas circulation lines at the drying operation from flowing to the eighth gas circulation line; a ninth gas circulation line which is fluidly coupled to the fifth gas circulation line between the third gas circulation pump and the eighth valve member and also to the eighth gas circulation line between the ninth valve member and the eleventh valve member, to circulate the non-reactive gas, which is flowing along the fifth gas circulation line at the preliminary operation, along the eighth gas circulation line; a tenth valve member which is mounted on an end of the ninth gas circulation line at a side of the fifth gas circulation line to shut off the ninth gas circulation line, thereby preventing the non-reactive gas circulating along the fifth gas circulation line at the drying operation from flowing to the ninth gas circulation line; and a controller which is electrically connected to the first to third gas circulation pumps, the branched valve member, the radiation dosimeter, the gas spectroscopy device, the temperature measuring member, the first to eleventh valve members, the valve member, the second and third gas circulation pumps and the heater, respectively, to determine pollution of the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister based on the measured signal on the radiation dose rate which is received from the radiation dosimeter, and to control an operating state of the branched valve member and the first to third gas circulation pumps according to the determined results and an operating state of the first to eleventh valve members, the valve member, the second and third gas circulation pumps and the heater according to the measured cavity temperature of the canister received from the temperature measuring member and the measured values received from the radiation dosimeter at the preliminary operation, thereby drying the cavity of the canister by selectively circulating the non-reactive gas discharged from the canister through a contaminated circulation system or a non-contaminated circulation system according to a contaminated or non-contaminated state, as well as executing and controlling the preliminary operation and the drying operation according to the measured values received from the gas spectroscopy device and the temperature measuring member,
a method for controlling the apparatus which dries the spent nuclear fuel based on evaluation of drying characteristics obtained from the gas spectroscopy, the method comprising:
a step of setting the dried canister to a gas circulation system so that the non-reactive gas is discharged from the predetermined gas outlet port and is circulated, and inputting a preset temperature value for starting normal drying operation, a preset parameter value for the drying operation, a preset drying reference value, and a preset reference radiation dose rate for determining whether the non-reactive gas is contaminated or not, to prepare the operation;
a step of feeding the non-reactive gas to the cavity of the canister through the first gas circulation line;
a step of measuring the temperature of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister by the temperature measuring member after the step is completed, and sending the measured value to the controller;
a step of determining whether or not the initial temperature value of the canister measured at the step is above the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation;
if it is determined at the step that the measured initial temperature value of the canister is less than the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, a step of closing the valve member, the first, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth valve members, opening the second and eleventh valve members, and turning on the heater to preheat the canister;
if the step is completed, a step of measuring the radiation dose rate of the cold non-reactive gas which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister and is circulated along the sixth gas circulation line;
if it is determined at the step that the measured initial temperature value of the canister is above the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, a step of measuring the radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas which is discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister and is circulated along the second gas circulation line;
a step of determining whether or not the radiation dose rate of the cold non-reactive gas measured at the step is above a reference radiation dose rate;
a step of determining whether or not the radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas of the normal temperature measured at the step is above the reference radiation dose rate;
if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate is above the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the branched valve member toward the seventh gas circulation line and opening the fourth and tenth valve members to form a contaminated preheating circulation system consisting of the canister, the seventh, fifth, ninth, eighth and first gas circulation lines;
if the step is completed, a step of turning on the third gas circulation pump to circulate the contaminated cold non-reactive gas along the contaminated preheating circulation system, thereby raising the cavity temperature of the canister by the preset value for the normal drying operation;
if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate is less than the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the branched valve member toward the sixth gas circulation line and opening the third and ninth valve members to form a non-contaminated preheating circulation system consisting of the canister, the sixth, third, eighth first gas circulation lines;
if the step is completed, a step of turning on the third gas circulation pump to circulate the non-contaminated cold non-reactive gas along the non-contaminated preliminary circulation system, so that the cavity temperature of the canister raises up to the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation;
while the step is executing, a step of measuring the temperature of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister to measure the cavity temperature of the canister while preheating the contaminated cold non-reactive gas;
while the step is executing, a step of measuring the temperature of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port of the canister to measure the cavity temperature of the canister while preheating the non-contaminated non-reactive gas;
a step of determining whether or not the cavity temperature of the canister measured at the step reaches the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, and if the measured cavity temperature of the canister does not reach the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, proceeding to the step;
if it is determined at the step that the measured cavity temperature of the canister is more than the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation or if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas of the normal temperature is above the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the branched valve member toward the fourth gas circulation line, opening the valve member, the first, sixth, and eighth valve members, and closing the second, fourth, tenth and eleventh valve members to form a normal contaminated drying circulation system consisting of the canister, the fourth gas circulation line, the gas cooling unit, the fifth gas circulation line, the non-reactive gas source and the first gas circulation line;
if the step is completed, a step of turning on the first and third gas circulation pumps and the gas cooling unit to circulate the contaminated non-reactive gas along the normal contaminated circulation system, based on the preset parameter value for the drying operation which is inputted at the step, thereby drying the cavity of the canister;
a step of determining whether or not the cavity temperature of the canister measured at the step reaches the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, and if the measured cavity temperature of the canister does not reach the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation, proceeding to the step;
if it is determined at the step that the measured cavity temperature of the canister is more than the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation or if it is determined at the step that the measured radiation dose rate of the non-reactive gas of the normal temperature is less than the reference radiation dose rate, a step of opening the branched valve member toward the second gas circulation line, opening the valve member, the first, fifth and seventh valve members, and closing the second, third, ninth and eleventh valve members to form a normal non-contaminated drying circulation system consisting of the canister, the second gas circulation line, the gas cooling unit, the third gas circulation line, the non-reactive gas source and the first gas circulation line;
if the step is completed, a step of turning on the first and second gas circulation pumps and the gas cooling unit to circulate the non-contaminated non-reactive gas along the normal non-contaminated circulation system based on the preset parameter value for the drying operation which is inputted at the step, thereby drying the non-contaminated cavity of the canister;
while the step or the step is executing, a step of measuring a target component of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port and residual amounts of the target component with the gas spectroscopy device which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister;
a step of comparing the measured residual amounts of the target component, which is measured at the step, with the preset drying reference value, to determine whether or not the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value;
if it is determined at the step that the measured residual amounts are above the preset drying reference value, a step of computing a parameter for drying operation characteristic corresponding to the measured residual amounts to extract a preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic;
a step of inputting the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic to control the operation of the gas circulation system, thereby applying the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic, which is extracted from the step, to the drying operation, and then proceeding to the step;
if it is determined at the step that the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, a step of counting a preset time;
if the step is completed, a step of measuring the target component of the non-reactive gas discharged from the gas outlet port and residual amounts of the target component with the gas spectroscopy device which is mounted on the gas outlet port of the canister;
a step of comparing the measured residual amounts of the target component, which is measured at the step, with the preset drying reference value, to determine whether or not the measured residual amounts are less than the preset drying reference value, and if the measured residual amounts are more than the preset drying reference value, proceeding to the step, or if the measured residual amounts are below the preset drying reference value, completing the drying operation for the canister,
wherein the preset temperature value for starting the normal drying operation is in a range of 40 to 70° C.,
the preset parameter value for the drying operation includes a pumping speed of the pump and a heating value of the heater,
the preset parameter value for the drying operation characteristic includes a positive or negative value corresponding to the pumping speed of the pump, and a positive or negative value corresponding to the heating value of the heater, as a parameter for controlling the operation of the pump and the heater corresponding to a parameter of the drying operation, and
if the measured residual amounts are more than the preset drying reference value, at the step, the pumping speed of the pump is extracted as the negative value, and the heating value of the heater is extracted as the positive value. | 3,600 |
345,795 | 16,804,169 | 3,622 | An electronic device that selectively provides a trigger frame is described. During operation, the electronic device may receive a frame from a recipient electronic device, where the frame includes information that specifies a maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration of the recipient electronic device. Moreover, the electronic device may selectively provide the trigger frame to the recipient electronic device that specifies an uplink OFDMA frame or an uplink MIMO frame associated with the recipient electronic device. The trigger frame may be selectively provided when a transmit time corresponding to the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame is less than or equal to the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a node configured to communicatively couple to an antenna; and an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node, configured to communicate with a recipient electronic device, wherein the interface circuit is configured to:
receive, at the node, a frame associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the frame comprises information that specifies a maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration of the recipient electronic device; and
selectively provide, to the node, a trigger frame intended for the recipient electronic device that specifies an uplink orthogonal division multiple access (OFDMA) frame or an uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the trigger frame is selectively provided when a transmit time corresponding to the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame is less than or equal to the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein, in response to the trigger frame, the interface circuit is configured to receive, at the node, the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame associated with the recipient electronic device. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a notification that constrains scheduling of the recipient electronic device by the electronic device for uplink OFDMA communication or uplink MIMO communication. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein, prior to receiving the frame, the interface circuit is configured to provide, to the node, a request intended for the recipient device for the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration is negotiated between the electronic device and the recipient electronic device. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a suggestion from the recipient electronic device for the electronic device. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a media access control (MAC) header that comprises the information. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the information is included in a control identifier or a command and status (CAS) control. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a management frame with an action type associated with the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 10. A recipient electronic device, comprising:
a node configured to communicatively couple to an antenna; and an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node, configured to communicate with an electronic device, wherein the interface circuit is configured to:
provide, to the node, a frame, intended for the electronic device, wherein the frame comprises information that specifies a maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration of the recipient electronic device; and
selectively receive, at the node, a trigger frame associated with the electronic device that specifies an uplink orthogonal division multiple access (OFDMA) frame or an uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the trigger frame is selectively received when a transmit time corresponding to the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame is less than or equal to the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 11. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein, in response to the trigger frame, the interface circuit is configured to provide, to the node, the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame intended for the electronic device. 12. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a notification that constrains scheduling of the recipient electronic device for uplink OFDMA communication or uplink MIMO communication. 13. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein, prior to providing the frame, the interface circuit is configured to receive, at the node, a request associated with the electronic device for the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 14. The recipient electronic device of claim 13, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration is negotiated between the electronic device and the recipient electronic device. 15. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a suggestion from the recipient electronic device for the electronic device. 16. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein the frame comprises a media access control (MAC) header that comprises the information. 17. The recipient electronic device of claim 16, wherein the information is included in a control identifier or a command and status (CAS) control. 18. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein the frame comprises a management frame with an action type associated with the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 19. A method for selectively receiving a trigger frame, comprising:
by a recipient electronic device: providing a frame, intended for an electronic device, wherein the frame comprises information that specifies a maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration of the recipient electronic device; and selectively receiving the trigger frame associated with the electronic device that specifies an uplink orthogonal division multiple access (OFDMA) frame or an uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the trigger frame is selectively received when a transmit time corresponding to the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame is less than or equal to the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a notification that constrains scheduling of the recipient electronic device for uplink OFDMA communication or uplink MIMO communication. | An electronic device that selectively provides a trigger frame is described. During operation, the electronic device may receive a frame from a recipient electronic device, where the frame includes information that specifies a maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration of the recipient electronic device. Moreover, the electronic device may selectively provide the trigger frame to the recipient electronic device that specifies an uplink OFDMA frame or an uplink MIMO frame associated with the recipient electronic device. The trigger frame may be selectively provided when a transmit time corresponding to the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame is less than or equal to the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a node configured to communicatively couple to an antenna; and an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node, configured to communicate with a recipient electronic device, wherein the interface circuit is configured to:
receive, at the node, a frame associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the frame comprises information that specifies a maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration of the recipient electronic device; and
selectively provide, to the node, a trigger frame intended for the recipient electronic device that specifies an uplink orthogonal division multiple access (OFDMA) frame or an uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the trigger frame is selectively provided when a transmit time corresponding to the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame is less than or equal to the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein, in response to the trigger frame, the interface circuit is configured to receive, at the node, the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame associated with the recipient electronic device. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a notification that constrains scheduling of the recipient electronic device by the electronic device for uplink OFDMA communication or uplink MIMO communication. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein, prior to receiving the frame, the interface circuit is configured to provide, to the node, a request intended for the recipient device for the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration is negotiated between the electronic device and the recipient electronic device. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a suggestion from the recipient electronic device for the electronic device. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a media access control (MAC) header that comprises the information. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the information is included in a control identifier or a command and status (CAS) control. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a management frame with an action type associated with the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 10. A recipient electronic device, comprising:
a node configured to communicatively couple to an antenna; and an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node, configured to communicate with an electronic device, wherein the interface circuit is configured to:
provide, to the node, a frame, intended for the electronic device, wherein the frame comprises information that specifies a maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration of the recipient electronic device; and
selectively receive, at the node, a trigger frame associated with the electronic device that specifies an uplink orthogonal division multiple access (OFDMA) frame or an uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the trigger frame is selectively received when a transmit time corresponding to the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame is less than or equal to the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 11. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein, in response to the trigger frame, the interface circuit is configured to provide, to the node, the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame intended for the electronic device. 12. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a notification that constrains scheduling of the recipient electronic device for uplink OFDMA communication or uplink MIMO communication. 13. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein, prior to providing the frame, the interface circuit is configured to receive, at the node, a request associated with the electronic device for the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 14. The recipient electronic device of claim 13, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration is negotiated between the electronic device and the recipient electronic device. 15. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a suggestion from the recipient electronic device for the electronic device. 16. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein the frame comprises a media access control (MAC) header that comprises the information. 17. The recipient electronic device of claim 16, wherein the information is included in a control identifier or a command and status (CAS) control. 18. The recipient electronic device of claim 10, wherein the frame comprises a management frame with an action type associated with the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 19. A method for selectively receiving a trigger frame, comprising:
by a recipient electronic device: providing a frame, intended for an electronic device, wherein the frame comprises information that specifies a maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration of the recipient electronic device; and selectively receiving the trigger frame associated with the electronic device that specifies an uplink orthogonal division multiple access (OFDMA) frame or an uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frame associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the trigger frame is selectively received when a transmit time corresponding to the uplink OFDMA frame or the uplink MIMO frame is less than or equal to the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the frame indicates that the maximum uplink multi-user transmit duration comprises a notification that constrains scheduling of the recipient electronic device for uplink OFDMA communication or uplink MIMO communication. | 3,600 |
345,796 | 16,804,204 | 3,622 | An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus including: a touch panel that has a display screen displaying an acquired ultrasound image and allows an input operation of a user; and a processor configured to: generate a caliper and display the caliper on the display screen in such a manner as to be superimposed on the ultrasound image; display, on the display screen, a caliper operation effective region surrounding the caliper, stop displaying the caliper operation effective region in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen of the touch panel; move the caliper following a movement operation by the user while in touch with the touch panel; and resume the display of the moved caliper operation effective region that surrounds the moved caliper upon a release of the touch by the user. | 1. An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus comprising:
a touch panel that has a display screen displaying an acquired ultrasound image and allows an input operation of a user; and a processor configured to: generate a caliper and display the caliper on the display screen in such a manner as to be superimposed on the ultrasound image; and display, on the display screen, a caliper operation effective region surrounding the caliper, wherein the processor is further configured to: stop displaying the caliper operation effective region in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen of the touch panel; move the caliper following a movement operation by the user while in touch with the touch panel; and resume the display of the moved caliper operation effective region that surrounds the moved caliper upon a release of the touch by the user. 2. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the caliper operation effective region is a region formed in a circle that is centered on the caliper and has a prescribed radius. 3. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processor configured to display the caliper operation effective region of a set size on the display screen. 4. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the processor configured to display the caliper operation effective region of a set size on the display screen. 5. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to display, on the display screen, a touch confirmation display region, which is centered on the touch position and is smaller than the caliper operation effective region, instead of the caliper operation effective region. 6. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to display, on the display screen, a touch confirmation display region, which is centered on the touch position and is smaller than the caliper operation effective region, instead of the caliper operation effective region. 7. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to display, on the display screen, a touch confirmation display region, which is centered on the touch position and is smaller than the caliper operation effective region, instead of the caliper operation effective region. 8. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to display, on the display screen, a touch confirmation display region, which is centered on the touch position and is smaller than the caliper operation effective region, instead of the caliper operation effective region. 9. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processor configured to display the touch confirmation display region of a set size on the display screen. 10. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the processor configured to display the touch confirmation display region of a set size on the display screen. 11. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the processor configured to display the touch confirmation display region of a set size on the display screen. 12. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein the processor configured to display the touch confirmation display region of a set size on the display screen. 13. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to gradually reduce the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the touch confirmation display region. 14. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to gradually reduce the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the touch confirmation display region. 15. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to gradually reduce the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the touch confirmation display region. 16. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to gradually reduce the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the touch confirmation display region. 17. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processor configured to gradually magnify the touch confirmation display region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the caliper operation effective region upon the release of the touch by the user. 18. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to change a display color of the caliper displayed on the display screen or make the caliper blink. 19. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processor configured to display a recommended point representing a recommended candidate of the touch position within the caliper operation effective region on the display screen in such a manner as to be superimposed on the caliper operation effective region. 20. A method of controlling an ultrasound diagnosis apparatus comprising a touch panel that has a display screen and allows an input operation of a user, the method comprising:
displaying an acquired ultrasound image; generating a caliper and displaying the caliper on the display screen in such a manner as to be superimposed on the ultrasound image; displaying, on the display screen, a caliper operation effective region surrounding the caliper; stopping the display of the caliper operation effective region in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen of the touch panel; moving the caliper following a movement operation by the user while in touch with the touch panel; and resuming the display of the moved caliper operation effective region that surrounds the moved caliper upon a release of the touch by the user. | An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus including: a touch panel that has a display screen displaying an acquired ultrasound image and allows an input operation of a user; and a processor configured to: generate a caliper and display the caliper on the display screen in such a manner as to be superimposed on the ultrasound image; display, on the display screen, a caliper operation effective region surrounding the caliper, stop displaying the caliper operation effective region in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen of the touch panel; move the caliper following a movement operation by the user while in touch with the touch panel; and resume the display of the moved caliper operation effective region that surrounds the moved caliper upon a release of the touch by the user.1. An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus comprising:
a touch panel that has a display screen displaying an acquired ultrasound image and allows an input operation of a user; and a processor configured to: generate a caliper and display the caliper on the display screen in such a manner as to be superimposed on the ultrasound image; and display, on the display screen, a caliper operation effective region surrounding the caliper, wherein the processor is further configured to: stop displaying the caliper operation effective region in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen of the touch panel; move the caliper following a movement operation by the user while in touch with the touch panel; and resume the display of the moved caliper operation effective region that surrounds the moved caliper upon a release of the touch by the user. 2. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the caliper operation effective region is a region formed in a circle that is centered on the caliper and has a prescribed radius. 3. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processor configured to display the caliper operation effective region of a set size on the display screen. 4. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the processor configured to display the caliper operation effective region of a set size on the display screen. 5. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to display, on the display screen, a touch confirmation display region, which is centered on the touch position and is smaller than the caliper operation effective region, instead of the caliper operation effective region. 6. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to display, on the display screen, a touch confirmation display region, which is centered on the touch position and is smaller than the caliper operation effective region, instead of the caliper operation effective region. 7. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to display, on the display screen, a touch confirmation display region, which is centered on the touch position and is smaller than the caliper operation effective region, instead of the caliper operation effective region. 8. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to display, on the display screen, a touch confirmation display region, which is centered on the touch position and is smaller than the caliper operation effective region, instead of the caliper operation effective region. 9. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processor configured to display the touch confirmation display region of a set size on the display screen. 10. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the processor configured to display the touch confirmation display region of a set size on the display screen. 11. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the processor configured to display the touch confirmation display region of a set size on the display screen. 12. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein the processor configured to display the touch confirmation display region of a set size on the display screen. 13. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to gradually reduce the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the touch confirmation display region. 14. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to gradually reduce the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the touch confirmation display region. 15. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to gradually reduce the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the touch confirmation display region. 16. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to gradually reduce the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the touch confirmation display region. 17. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processor configured to gradually magnify the touch confirmation display region displayed on the display screen to perform switching to the display of the caliper operation effective region upon the release of the touch by the user. 18. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region, the processor configured to change a display color of the caliper displayed on the display screen or make the caliper blink. 19. The ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processor configured to display a recommended point representing a recommended candidate of the touch position within the caliper operation effective region on the display screen in such a manner as to be superimposed on the caliper operation effective region. 20. A method of controlling an ultrasound diagnosis apparatus comprising a touch panel that has a display screen and allows an input operation of a user, the method comprising:
displaying an acquired ultrasound image; generating a caliper and displaying the caliper on the display screen in such a manner as to be superimposed on the ultrasound image; displaying, on the display screen, a caliper operation effective region surrounding the caliper; stopping the display of the caliper operation effective region in a case where the user touches the caliper operation effective region displayed on the display screen of the touch panel; moving the caliper following a movement operation by the user while in touch with the touch panel; and resuming the display of the moved caliper operation effective region that surrounds the moved caliper upon a release of the touch by the user. | 3,600 |
345,797 | 16,804,188 | 3,622 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a data backup method, a data backup device, and a computer program product. The method comprises: receiving a request for backing up stored data; determining a backup requirement based on the request, the backup requirement comprising a requirement with respect to processing backup data of the stored data in a backup system; and determining a backup operation for processing the backup data based on the backup requirement. | 1. A data backup method, comprising:
receiving a request for backing up stored data; determining a backup requirement based on the request, the backup requirement comprising a requirement with respect to processing backup data of the stored data in a backup system; and determining a backup operation for processing the backup data based on the backup requirement. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; and determining the backup operation from the candidate backup operation set based on system capabilities of the backup system. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities comprises:
obtaining backup preference information from the backup requirement; and determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities and the backup preference information. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; providing a user with the candidate backup operation set; and determining the backup operation based on a candidate backup operation selected by the user from the candidate backup operation set. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the backup operation comprises at least one of the following:
generating the backup data; and deleting the backup data. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
verifying whether processing of the backup data by performing the backup operation meets the backup requirement; and in response to the processing not meeting the backup requirement, adjusting the backup operation. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein adjusting the backup operation comprises:
providing a user with an indication that the processing fails to meet the backup requirement; receiving an instruction of adjusting the backup operation from the user; and adjusting the backup operation based on the instruction. 8. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
adjusting the backup operation according to a determination of a change in the system capabilities and based on the change. 9. A data backup device, comprising:
at least one processing unit; and at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions executed by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the device to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a request for backing up stored data;
determining a backup requirement based on the request, the backup requirement comprising a requirement with respect to processing backup data of the stored data in a backup system; and
determining a backup operation for processing the backup data based on the backup requirement. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; and determining the backup operation from the candidate backup operation set based on system capabilities of the backup system. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities comprises:
obtaining backup preference information from the backup requirement; and determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities and the backup preference information. 12. The device according to claim 9, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; providing a user with the candidate backup operation set; and determining the backup operation based on a candidate backup operation selected by the user from the candidate backup operation set. 13. The device according to claim 9, wherein the backup operation comprises at least one of the following:
generating the backup data; and deleting the backup data. 14. The device according to claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
verifying whether processing of the backup data by performing the backup operation meets the backup requirement; and in response to the processing not meeting the backup requirement, adjusting the backup operation. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein adjusting the backup operation comprises:
providing a user with an indication that the processing fails to meet the backup requirement; receiving an instruction of adjusting the backup operation from the user; and adjusting the backup operation based on the instruction. 16. The device according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
adjusting the backup operation according to determination of a change in the system capabilities and based on the change. 17. A computer program product being tangibly stored on a non-transient computer readable medium and comprising machine executable instructions which, when being executed, causing a machine to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a request for backing up stored data; determining a backup requirement based on the request, the backup requirement comprising a requirement with respect to processing backup data of the stored data in a backup system; and determining a backup operation for processing the backup data based on the backup requirement. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; and determining the backup operation from the candidate backup operation set based on system capabilities of the backup system. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities comprises:
obtaining backup preference information from the backup requirement; and determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities and the backup preference information. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; providing a user with the candidate backup operation set; and determining the backup operation based on a candidate backup operation selected by the user from the candidate backup operation set. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a data backup method, a data backup device, and a computer program product. The method comprises: receiving a request for backing up stored data; determining a backup requirement based on the request, the backup requirement comprising a requirement with respect to processing backup data of the stored data in a backup system; and determining a backup operation for processing the backup data based on the backup requirement.1. A data backup method, comprising:
receiving a request for backing up stored data; determining a backup requirement based on the request, the backup requirement comprising a requirement with respect to processing backup data of the stored data in a backup system; and determining a backup operation for processing the backup data based on the backup requirement. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; and determining the backup operation from the candidate backup operation set based on system capabilities of the backup system. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities comprises:
obtaining backup preference information from the backup requirement; and determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities and the backup preference information. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; providing a user with the candidate backup operation set; and determining the backup operation based on a candidate backup operation selected by the user from the candidate backup operation set. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the backup operation comprises at least one of the following:
generating the backup data; and deleting the backup data. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
verifying whether processing of the backup data by performing the backup operation meets the backup requirement; and in response to the processing not meeting the backup requirement, adjusting the backup operation. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein adjusting the backup operation comprises:
providing a user with an indication that the processing fails to meet the backup requirement; receiving an instruction of adjusting the backup operation from the user; and adjusting the backup operation based on the instruction. 8. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
adjusting the backup operation according to a determination of a change in the system capabilities and based on the change. 9. A data backup device, comprising:
at least one processing unit; and at least one memory, coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions executed by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the device to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a request for backing up stored data;
determining a backup requirement based on the request, the backup requirement comprising a requirement with respect to processing backup data of the stored data in a backup system; and
determining a backup operation for processing the backup data based on the backup requirement. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; and determining the backup operation from the candidate backup operation set based on system capabilities of the backup system. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities comprises:
obtaining backup preference information from the backup requirement; and determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities and the backup preference information. 12. The device according to claim 9, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; providing a user with the candidate backup operation set; and determining the backup operation based on a candidate backup operation selected by the user from the candidate backup operation set. 13. The device according to claim 9, wherein the backup operation comprises at least one of the following:
generating the backup data; and deleting the backup data. 14. The device according to claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
verifying whether processing of the backup data by performing the backup operation meets the backup requirement; and in response to the processing not meeting the backup requirement, adjusting the backup operation. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein adjusting the backup operation comprises:
providing a user with an indication that the processing fails to meet the backup requirement; receiving an instruction of adjusting the backup operation from the user; and adjusting the backup operation based on the instruction. 16. The device according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
adjusting the backup operation according to determination of a change in the system capabilities and based on the change. 17. A computer program product being tangibly stored on a non-transient computer readable medium and comprising machine executable instructions which, when being executed, causing a machine to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a request for backing up stored data; determining a backup requirement based on the request, the backup requirement comprising a requirement with respect to processing backup data of the stored data in a backup system; and determining a backup operation for processing the backup data based on the backup requirement. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; and determining the backup operation from the candidate backup operation set based on system capabilities of the backup system. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities comprises:
obtaining backup preference information from the backup requirement; and determining the backup operation based on the system capabilities and the backup preference information. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein determining the backup operation comprises:
determining a candidate backup operation set for processing the backup data; providing a user with the candidate backup operation set; and determining the backup operation based on a candidate backup operation selected by the user from the candidate backup operation set. | 3,600 |
345,798 | 16,804,207 | 1,722 | Disclosed are novel methods and techniques for introducing liquefied gas solvents into electrochemical devices. Unlike conventional electrolytes, disclosed electrolytes are based on “liquefied gas solvents” mixed with various salts, referred to as “liquefied gas electrolytes.” The disclosed liquefied gas electrolytes can have wide electrochemical potential windows, high conductivity, low temperature capability and/or high pressure solvent properties. Non-limiting examples of a class of liquefied gases that can be used as solvent for electrolytes include hydrofluorocarbons, in particular fluoromethane, difluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane. | 1. A method of filling an electrochemical device with a liquefied gas solvent that has a vapor pressure above an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa at a room temperature of 293.15 K, the method comprising:
providing a fill setup comprising:
a liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter;
the flow meter connected to the electrochemical device; and
a valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device;
wherein the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical device comprises:
a waste volume;
a pressure sensor constructed to detect the pressure of the waste volume; and
a temperature sensor constructed to detect the temperature of the waste volume;
a. setting a preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent to be delivered to the electrochemical device; b. actuating the valve structure to allow the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device; c. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure and temperature sensors; d. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter; e. actuating the valve structure to stop the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the preset amount in step (a), the amount in step (c) and the amount in step (d). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow meter is a mass flow meter and step (d) further comprises reading from the mass flow meter. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow meter is a mass flow controller and the method further comprises:
setting the mass flow controller to a preset flow rate; and step (d) is further based on the amount of time the liquefied gas solvent has flowed through the mass flow controller. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (e) is further based on a comparison of the amount in step (d) to the sum of the preset in step (a) and the amount in step (c). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill setup comprises a temperature control element constructed to maintain a variance of temperature within the waste volume to within +/−2.0 degrees Celsius during step (c). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill setup comprises a temperature control element constructed to maintain the connection between the liquefied gas solvent source and the flow meter to within +/−2.0 degrees Celsius during steps (b)-(d). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill setup comprises a pressure regulator or pressure controller constructed to maintain the connection between the pressurized source and the flow meter to within +/−25 kPA variance during steps (b)-(d). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill setup comprises a second liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter and a second valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the second liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device, the method further comprising:
a2. setting a second preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent from the second liquefied gas solvent source to be delivered to the electrochemical device; b2. actuating the second valve structure to allow the flow of the second liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device; c2. determining the amount of the second liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure and temperature sensors; d2. determining the amount of the second liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter; e2. actuating the second valve structure to stop the flow of the second liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the second preset amount in step (a2), the amount in step (c2) and the amount in step (d2). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein steps (b2)-(d2) are performed after step (e). 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical device comprises a third valve structure and a pump between the third valve structure and the flow meter, the method further comprising:
prior to performing steps (b2)-(d2), the third valve structure is closed, and the pump is actuated to evacuate the waste volume of the liquefied gas solvent. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquefied gas solvent is selected from the group consisting of: fluoromethane, difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, fluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, chloromethane, chloroethane, thionyl fluoride, thionyl chloride fluoride, phosphoryl fluoride, phosphoryl chloride fluoride, sulfuryl fluoride, sulfuryl chloride fluoride, 1-fluoropropane, 2-fluoropropane, 1,1-difluoropropane, 1,2-difluoropropane, 2,2-fluoropropane, 1,1,1-trifluoropropane, 1,1,2-trifluoropropane, 1,2,2-trifluoropropane, fluoroethylene, cis-1,2-fluoroethylene, 1,1-fluoroethylene, 1-fluoropropylene, 2-propylene, chlorine, chloromethane, bromine, iodine, ammonia, molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, dimethyl ether, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon disulfide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, combination thereof, and isomers thereof. 12. A fill setup for filing an electrochemical device with a liquefied gas solvent that has a vapor pressure above an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa at a room temperature of 293.15 K, the setup comprising:
a liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter; the flow meter connected to the electrochemical device; a valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device; wherein the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical device comprises:
a waste volume;
a pressure sensor constructed to detect the pressure of the waste volume; and
a temperature sensor constructed to detect the temperature of the waste volume;
a controller connected to the flowmeter, valve structure, pressure sensor and temperature sensor, the controller adapted to perform the following steps:
a. receiving a preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent to be delivered to the electrochemical device;
b. actuating the valve structure to allow the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device;
c. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure and temperature sensors;
d. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter;
e. actuating the valve structure to stop the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the preset amount in step (a), the amount in step (c) and the amount in step (d). 13. The setup of claim 12, wherein the flow meter is a mass flow meter, and step (d) further comprises taking a reading from the mass flow meter. 14. The setup of claim 12, wherein the flow meter is a mass flow controller, and the controller is adapted to perform the following steps:
setting the mass flow controller to a preset flow rate; and step (d) is further based on the amount of time the liquefied gas solvent has flowed through the mass flow controller. 15. The setup of claim 12, wherein step (e) is further based on a comparison of the amount in step (d) to the sum of the preset in step (a) and the amount in step (c). 16. The setup of claim 12, further comprising a temperature control element constructed to control the temperature of the waste volume, the temperature control element connected to the controller, wherein the controller is adapted to perform the following step:
maintain a variance of temperature within the waste volume to within +/−2.0 degrees Celsius during step (c). 17. The setup of claim 16, wherein the temperature control element comprises a heater. 18. The setup of claim 12, further comprising a temperature control element constructed to control the temperature of the connection between the liquefied gas solvent source and the flow meter, the temperature control element connected to the controller, wherein the controller is adapted to perform the following step:
maintain the connection between the pressurized source and the flow meter to within +/−2.0 degrees Celsius during steps (b)-(e). 19. The setup of claim 18, wherein the temperature control element comprises a heater. 20. The setup of claim 12, further comprising a pressure regulator or pressure controller constructed to maintain the connection between the pressurized source and the flow meter to within +/−25 kPA variance during steps (b)-(e). 21. The setup of claim 12, wherein the flow meter comprises a mass flow meter or a mass flow controller. 22. The setup of claim 12, wherein the connection between the flow meter and the electrochemical device comprises a constricting flow control orifice. 23. The setup of claim 12, wherein the connection between the pressurized source and the flow meter comprises a constricting flow control orifice. 24. The setup of claim 12, further comprising:
a second liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter; and a second valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the second liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device; wherein the controller is connected to the second valve structure and is adapted to perform the following steps:
a2. receiving a second preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent from the second liquefied gas solvent source to be delivered to the electrochemical device;
b2. actuating the second valve structure to allow the flow of the second liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device;
c2. determining the amount of the second liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure and temperature sensors;
d2. determining the amount of the second liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter;
e2. actuating the second valve structure to stop the flow of the second liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the second preset amount in step (f), the amount in step (h) and the amount in step (i). 25. The setup of claim 24, wherein the controller performs steps (b2)-(e2) after performing step (e). 26. The setup of claim 24, the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical further comprises:
a third valve structure; and a pump between the third valve structure and the flow meter, wherein the pump and the third valve structure are connected to the controller; wherein the controller is adapted to perform the following steps:
prior to performing steps (b2)-(e2), actuating the third valve structure to prevent the flow of gas therethrough;
actuating the pump to evacuate the waste volume of the liquefied gas solvent; and
actuating the third valve structure to allow the flow of gas therethrough. 27. The setup of claim 12, wherein the liquefied gas solvent is selected from the group consisting of: fluoromethane, difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, fluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, chloromethane, chloroethane, thionyl fluoride, thionyl chloride fluoride, phosphoryl fluoride, phosphoryl chloride fluoride, sulfuryl fluoride, sulfuryl chloride fluoride, 1-fluoropropane, 2-fluoropropane, 1,1-difluoropropane, 1,2-difluoropropane, 2,2-fluoropropane, 1,1,1-trifluoropropane, 1,1,2-trifluoropropane, 1,2,2-trifluoropropane, fluoroethylene, cis-1,2-fluoroethylene, 1,1-fluoroethylene, 1-fluoropropylene, 2-propylene, chlorine, chloromethane, bromine, iodine, ammonia, molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, dimethyl ether, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon disulfide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, combination thereof, and isomers thereof. 28. A method of filling an electrochemical device with a liquefied gas solvent that has a vapor pressure above an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa at a room temperature of 293.15 K, the method comprising:
providing a fill setup comprising:
a liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter;
the flow meter connected to the electrochemical device;
a valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device;
wherein the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical device comprises:
a waste volume;
a pressure sensor constructed to detect the pressure of the waste volume; and
a temperature control element constructed to maintain the temperature of the waste volume at preset temperature;
a. setting a preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent to be delivered to the electrochemical device; b. actuating the valve structure to allow the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device; c. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure sensor and the present temperature; d. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter; e. actuating the valve structure to stop the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the preset amount in step (a), the amount in step (c) and the amount in step (d). | Disclosed are novel methods and techniques for introducing liquefied gas solvents into electrochemical devices. Unlike conventional electrolytes, disclosed electrolytes are based on “liquefied gas solvents” mixed with various salts, referred to as “liquefied gas electrolytes.” The disclosed liquefied gas electrolytes can have wide electrochemical potential windows, high conductivity, low temperature capability and/or high pressure solvent properties. Non-limiting examples of a class of liquefied gases that can be used as solvent for electrolytes include hydrofluorocarbons, in particular fluoromethane, difluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane.1. A method of filling an electrochemical device with a liquefied gas solvent that has a vapor pressure above an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa at a room temperature of 293.15 K, the method comprising:
providing a fill setup comprising:
a liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter;
the flow meter connected to the electrochemical device; and
a valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device;
wherein the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical device comprises:
a waste volume;
a pressure sensor constructed to detect the pressure of the waste volume; and
a temperature sensor constructed to detect the temperature of the waste volume;
a. setting a preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent to be delivered to the electrochemical device; b. actuating the valve structure to allow the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device; c. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure and temperature sensors; d. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter; e. actuating the valve structure to stop the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the preset amount in step (a), the amount in step (c) and the amount in step (d). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow meter is a mass flow meter and step (d) further comprises reading from the mass flow meter. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow meter is a mass flow controller and the method further comprises:
setting the mass flow controller to a preset flow rate; and step (d) is further based on the amount of time the liquefied gas solvent has flowed through the mass flow controller. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (e) is further based on a comparison of the amount in step (d) to the sum of the preset in step (a) and the amount in step (c). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill setup comprises a temperature control element constructed to maintain a variance of temperature within the waste volume to within +/−2.0 degrees Celsius during step (c). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill setup comprises a temperature control element constructed to maintain the connection between the liquefied gas solvent source and the flow meter to within +/−2.0 degrees Celsius during steps (b)-(d). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill setup comprises a pressure regulator or pressure controller constructed to maintain the connection between the pressurized source and the flow meter to within +/−25 kPA variance during steps (b)-(d). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill setup comprises a second liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter and a second valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the second liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device, the method further comprising:
a2. setting a second preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent from the second liquefied gas solvent source to be delivered to the electrochemical device; b2. actuating the second valve structure to allow the flow of the second liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device; c2. determining the amount of the second liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure and temperature sensors; d2. determining the amount of the second liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter; e2. actuating the second valve structure to stop the flow of the second liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the second preset amount in step (a2), the amount in step (c2) and the amount in step (d2). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein steps (b2)-(d2) are performed after step (e). 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical device comprises a third valve structure and a pump between the third valve structure and the flow meter, the method further comprising:
prior to performing steps (b2)-(d2), the third valve structure is closed, and the pump is actuated to evacuate the waste volume of the liquefied gas solvent. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquefied gas solvent is selected from the group consisting of: fluoromethane, difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, fluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, chloromethane, chloroethane, thionyl fluoride, thionyl chloride fluoride, phosphoryl fluoride, phosphoryl chloride fluoride, sulfuryl fluoride, sulfuryl chloride fluoride, 1-fluoropropane, 2-fluoropropane, 1,1-difluoropropane, 1,2-difluoropropane, 2,2-fluoropropane, 1,1,1-trifluoropropane, 1,1,2-trifluoropropane, 1,2,2-trifluoropropane, fluoroethylene, cis-1,2-fluoroethylene, 1,1-fluoroethylene, 1-fluoropropylene, 2-propylene, chlorine, chloromethane, bromine, iodine, ammonia, molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, dimethyl ether, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon disulfide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, combination thereof, and isomers thereof. 12. A fill setup for filing an electrochemical device with a liquefied gas solvent that has a vapor pressure above an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa at a room temperature of 293.15 K, the setup comprising:
a liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter; the flow meter connected to the electrochemical device; a valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device; wherein the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical device comprises:
a waste volume;
a pressure sensor constructed to detect the pressure of the waste volume; and
a temperature sensor constructed to detect the temperature of the waste volume;
a controller connected to the flowmeter, valve structure, pressure sensor and temperature sensor, the controller adapted to perform the following steps:
a. receiving a preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent to be delivered to the electrochemical device;
b. actuating the valve structure to allow the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device;
c. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure and temperature sensors;
d. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter;
e. actuating the valve structure to stop the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the preset amount in step (a), the amount in step (c) and the amount in step (d). 13. The setup of claim 12, wherein the flow meter is a mass flow meter, and step (d) further comprises taking a reading from the mass flow meter. 14. The setup of claim 12, wherein the flow meter is a mass flow controller, and the controller is adapted to perform the following steps:
setting the mass flow controller to a preset flow rate; and step (d) is further based on the amount of time the liquefied gas solvent has flowed through the mass flow controller. 15. The setup of claim 12, wherein step (e) is further based on a comparison of the amount in step (d) to the sum of the preset in step (a) and the amount in step (c). 16. The setup of claim 12, further comprising a temperature control element constructed to control the temperature of the waste volume, the temperature control element connected to the controller, wherein the controller is adapted to perform the following step:
maintain a variance of temperature within the waste volume to within +/−2.0 degrees Celsius during step (c). 17. The setup of claim 16, wherein the temperature control element comprises a heater. 18. The setup of claim 12, further comprising a temperature control element constructed to control the temperature of the connection between the liquefied gas solvent source and the flow meter, the temperature control element connected to the controller, wherein the controller is adapted to perform the following step:
maintain the connection between the pressurized source and the flow meter to within +/−2.0 degrees Celsius during steps (b)-(e). 19. The setup of claim 18, wherein the temperature control element comprises a heater. 20. The setup of claim 12, further comprising a pressure regulator or pressure controller constructed to maintain the connection between the pressurized source and the flow meter to within +/−25 kPA variance during steps (b)-(e). 21. The setup of claim 12, wherein the flow meter comprises a mass flow meter or a mass flow controller. 22. The setup of claim 12, wherein the connection between the flow meter and the electrochemical device comprises a constricting flow control orifice. 23. The setup of claim 12, wherein the connection between the pressurized source and the flow meter comprises a constricting flow control orifice. 24. The setup of claim 12, further comprising:
a second liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter; and a second valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the second liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device; wherein the controller is connected to the second valve structure and is adapted to perform the following steps:
a2. receiving a second preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent from the second liquefied gas solvent source to be delivered to the electrochemical device;
b2. actuating the second valve structure to allow the flow of the second liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device;
c2. determining the amount of the second liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure and temperature sensors;
d2. determining the amount of the second liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter;
e2. actuating the second valve structure to stop the flow of the second liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the second preset amount in step (f), the amount in step (h) and the amount in step (i). 25. The setup of claim 24, wherein the controller performs steps (b2)-(e2) after performing step (e). 26. The setup of claim 24, the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical further comprises:
a third valve structure; and a pump between the third valve structure and the flow meter, wherein the pump and the third valve structure are connected to the controller; wherein the controller is adapted to perform the following steps:
prior to performing steps (b2)-(e2), actuating the third valve structure to prevent the flow of gas therethrough;
actuating the pump to evacuate the waste volume of the liquefied gas solvent; and
actuating the third valve structure to allow the flow of gas therethrough. 27. The setup of claim 12, wherein the liquefied gas solvent is selected from the group consisting of: fluoromethane, difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, fluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,2-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, chloromethane, chloroethane, thionyl fluoride, thionyl chloride fluoride, phosphoryl fluoride, phosphoryl chloride fluoride, sulfuryl fluoride, sulfuryl chloride fluoride, 1-fluoropropane, 2-fluoropropane, 1,1-difluoropropane, 1,2-difluoropropane, 2,2-fluoropropane, 1,1,1-trifluoropropane, 1,1,2-trifluoropropane, 1,2,2-trifluoropropane, fluoroethylene, cis-1,2-fluoroethylene, 1,1-fluoroethylene, 1-fluoropropylene, 2-propylene, chlorine, chloromethane, bromine, iodine, ammonia, molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, dimethyl ether, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon disulfide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, combination thereof, and isomers thereof. 28. A method of filling an electrochemical device with a liquefied gas solvent that has a vapor pressure above an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa at a room temperature of 293.15 K, the method comprising:
providing a fill setup comprising:
a liquefied gas solvent source connected to a flow meter;
the flow meter connected to the electrochemical device;
a valve structure constructed to allow the liquefied gas solvent to flow from the liquefied gas solvent source to the electrochemical device;
wherein the connection between the flow meter and electrochemical device comprises:
a waste volume;
a pressure sensor constructed to detect the pressure of the waste volume; and
a temperature control element constructed to maintain the temperature of the waste volume at preset temperature;
a. setting a preset amount of the liquefied gas solvent to be delivered to the electrochemical device; b. actuating the valve structure to allow the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device; c. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent in the waste volume based on the pressure sensor and the present temperature; d. determining the amount of the liquefied gas solvent supplied to the flow meter based on the flow meter; e. actuating the valve structure to stop the flow of the liquefied gas solvent to the electrochemical device based on the preset amount in step (a), the amount in step (c) and the amount in step (d). | 1,700 |
345,799 | 16,804,216 | 1,722 | An orthotic device includes an upper arm section for receiving an upper portion of an arm of a subject, a forearm section for receiving a forearm section of the arm, and at least one elbow joint rotatably coupling the upper arm section and the forearm section. In the orthotic device, the forearm section includes a release control operatively coupled to the at least one elbow joint, where the release control is configured to transition the at least one elbow joint from a restricted motion state to a free motion state when the release control is activated. | 1. An orthotic device, comprising:
an upper arm section configured to receive an upper portion of an arm of a subject; a forearm section configured to receive a forearm portion of the arm; and at least one elbow joint rotatably coupling the upper arm section and the forearm section, and wherein the forearm section comprises a release control situated at a distal end of the forearm section and operatively coupled to the at least one elbow joint, wherein the release control is configured to transition the at least one elbow joint from a restricted motion state to a free motion state when the release control is activated, wherein the release control is at a location on the distal end of the forearm section that coincides with a location of a wrist of the subject, wherein the release control comprises at least one of a lever or button that is activated by applying a force to at least a portion of the forearm section associated with a location of the release control, wherein the release control is configured to maintain the at least one elbow joint in the free motion state only while the force is applied, wherein the release control is configured to toggle the at least one elbow joint between the restricted motion state and the free motion state when activated. 2-5. (canceled) 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one elbow joint comprises a mechanically-actuated clutch mechanism operatively coupled to the release control with a cable, wherein the release control is configured to pull the cable when activated, and wherein the pulling of the cable releases the mechanically-actuated clutch mechanism to provide free motion of the at least one elbow joint. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the mechanically-actuated clutch mechanism is of a friction clutch type, a dog clutch type, a wrapped spring clutch type, or a belt clutch type. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one elbow joint comprises an electrically-actuated clutch mechanism communicatively coupled to the release control, and wherein the activation of the release control is configured to operate the electrically-actuated clutch mechanism to provide free motion of the at least one elbow joint. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the electrically-actuated clutch mechanism comprises at least one of an electromagnetic type, an electrorheological type, a magnetorheological type, or a magnetic particle type. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a passively repositionable wrist joint. 11-30. (canceled) 31. The device of claim 1, further comprising a hand portion with a plurality of linkages configured to provide assistance to at least a portion of a hand of the arm. 32. The device of claim 31, further comprising a plurality of elastic elements to assist with at least opening or closing of digits of the portion of the hand. 33. The device of claim 31 further comprising at least one powered actuator to actively assist with at least the opening or closing of the portion of the hand. 34. The device of claim 31, wherein the hand portion provides passive resistance to digit motion. 35. The device of claim 31, wherein the hand portion comprises a thumb portion configured for providing passive resistance to thumb motion. 36. The device of claim 31, wherein the hand portion further comprises a hand control configured to alternate the hand portion between two or more postures when activated. 37. The device of claim 31, wherein hand portion is configured to toggle the hand portion between an open configuration and a closed configuration when a transient motion or a change in force in the hand portion is detected. 38. The device of claim 37, wherein the hand portion is toggled from the open configuration to the closed configuration when the transient movement or the change in force is detected in the direction of opening the hand. 39. The device of claim 37, wherein the hand portion is toggled from the closed configuration to the open configuration when the transient movement or the change in force is detected in the direction of closing the hand. | An orthotic device includes an upper arm section for receiving an upper portion of an arm of a subject, a forearm section for receiving a forearm section of the arm, and at least one elbow joint rotatably coupling the upper arm section and the forearm section. In the orthotic device, the forearm section includes a release control operatively coupled to the at least one elbow joint, where the release control is configured to transition the at least one elbow joint from a restricted motion state to a free motion state when the release control is activated.1. An orthotic device, comprising:
an upper arm section configured to receive an upper portion of an arm of a subject; a forearm section configured to receive a forearm portion of the arm; and at least one elbow joint rotatably coupling the upper arm section and the forearm section, and wherein the forearm section comprises a release control situated at a distal end of the forearm section and operatively coupled to the at least one elbow joint, wherein the release control is configured to transition the at least one elbow joint from a restricted motion state to a free motion state when the release control is activated, wherein the release control is at a location on the distal end of the forearm section that coincides with a location of a wrist of the subject, wherein the release control comprises at least one of a lever or button that is activated by applying a force to at least a portion of the forearm section associated with a location of the release control, wherein the release control is configured to maintain the at least one elbow joint in the free motion state only while the force is applied, wherein the release control is configured to toggle the at least one elbow joint between the restricted motion state and the free motion state when activated. 2-5. (canceled) 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one elbow joint comprises a mechanically-actuated clutch mechanism operatively coupled to the release control with a cable, wherein the release control is configured to pull the cable when activated, and wherein the pulling of the cable releases the mechanically-actuated clutch mechanism to provide free motion of the at least one elbow joint. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the mechanically-actuated clutch mechanism is of a friction clutch type, a dog clutch type, a wrapped spring clutch type, or a belt clutch type. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one elbow joint comprises an electrically-actuated clutch mechanism communicatively coupled to the release control, and wherein the activation of the release control is configured to operate the electrically-actuated clutch mechanism to provide free motion of the at least one elbow joint. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the electrically-actuated clutch mechanism comprises at least one of an electromagnetic type, an electrorheological type, a magnetorheological type, or a magnetic particle type. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a passively repositionable wrist joint. 11-30. (canceled) 31. The device of claim 1, further comprising a hand portion with a plurality of linkages configured to provide assistance to at least a portion of a hand of the arm. 32. The device of claim 31, further comprising a plurality of elastic elements to assist with at least opening or closing of digits of the portion of the hand. 33. The device of claim 31 further comprising at least one powered actuator to actively assist with at least the opening or closing of the portion of the hand. 34. The device of claim 31, wherein the hand portion provides passive resistance to digit motion. 35. The device of claim 31, wherein the hand portion comprises a thumb portion configured for providing passive resistance to thumb motion. 36. The device of claim 31, wherein the hand portion further comprises a hand control configured to alternate the hand portion between two or more postures when activated. 37. The device of claim 31, wherein hand portion is configured to toggle the hand portion between an open configuration and a closed configuration when a transient motion or a change in force in the hand portion is detected. 38. The device of claim 37, wherein the hand portion is toggled from the open configuration to the closed configuration when the transient movement or the change in force is detected in the direction of opening the hand. 39. The device of claim 37, wherein the hand portion is toggled from the closed configuration to the open configuration when the transient movement or the change in force is detected in the direction of closing the hand. | 1,700 |
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