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345,500 | 16,643,400 | 3,761 | A foreign substance removing device includes: a cylinder including a support portion; a piston configured to send out a fluid flowing into the cylinder; a spring configured to urge the piston; and a mechanism configured to apply a moving force to the piston. A direction in which the fluid is sent out is a first direction. The piston is moved in the first direction by an urging force of the spring. An operation portion of the piston is formed with a convex or concave portion. The support portion is formed with an insertion concave portion into which the convex portion is capable of being inserted or an insertion convex portion capable of being inserted into the concave portion. A compression space is formed in the moving space when the piston is moved in the first direction and the convex portion or the insertion convex portion is inserted. | 1. A foreign substance removing device comprising:
a cylinder including a piston support portion of which an internal space is formed as a moving space; a piston movably supported by the cylinder and configured to send out a fluid that has flowed into the cylinder; a nozzle configured to eject the fluid sent out by the piston toward an object to be cleaned; an urging spring configured to urge the piston; and a moving mechanism configured to apply a moving force to the piston, wherein a direction in which the fluid is sent out is a first direction of a moving direction of the piston, wherein the piston is moved in the first direction by an urging force of the urging spring, wherein the piston includes an operation portion that is moved in the moving space, wherein the operation portion is formed with a convex portion or a concave portion, wherein the piston support portion is formed with an insertion concave portion into which the convex portion is capable of being inserted or an insertion convex portion which is capable of being inserted into the concave portion, and wherein a compression space of the fluid is formed in the moving space in a state in which the piston is moved in the first direction and the convex portion or the insertion convex portion is inserted into the insertion concave portion or the concave portion. 2. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 1,
wherein the convex portion or the insertion convex portion is formed into a tubular shape. 3. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 1,
wherein the operation portion is formed with the concave portion, and wherein the piston support portion is formed with the insertion convex portion. 4. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 3,
wherein the concave portion is formed into an annular shape, wherein the insertion convex portion is formed into a tubular shape, and wherein a portion on an inner side of the concave portion of the piston is provided as an insertion portion to be inserted into an inner side of the insertion convex portion. 5. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 4,
wherein a seal ring is attached to an outer peripheral portion of the insertion portion or an inner peripheral portion of the insertion convex portion. 6. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 1,
wherein a seal member that slides on an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder when the piston is moved is attached to an outer peripheral portion of the operation portion. 7. A foreign substance removing device comprising:
a cylinder into which a fluid flows; a piston movably supported by the cylinder and configured to send out the fluid that has flowed into the cylinder; a seal member attached to the piston and slid on an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder when the piston is moved; a nozzle configured to eject the fluid sent out by the piston toward an object to be cleaned; an urging spring configured to urge the piston; and a moving mechanism configured to apply a moving force to the piston, wherein a direction in which the fluid is sent out is a first direction of a moving direction of the piston, wherein the piston is moved in the first direction by an urging force of the urging spring, and wherein an inclined portion whose diameter decreases as it goes in the first direction is formed as a part of an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. 8. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 7,
wherein a large-diameter portion having a constant diameter is formed as a part of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, and a small-diameter portion having a constant diameter is formed as a part of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, and wherein the inclined portion is positioned between the large-diameter portion and the small-diameter portion. 9. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 7,
wherein the cylinder is formed with a stopper surface that is capable of contacting a tip end surface of the piston when the piston is moved in the first direction, and wherein the inclined portion is formed to be continuous with the stopper surface. 10. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 7,
wherein the cylinder includes a piston support portion supporting the piston and a connecting protrusion portion continuous with the piston support portion, wherein the connecting protrusion portion is formed into a tubular shape, and the fluid is sent out from the connecting protrusion portion, and wherein an axial direction of the connecting protrusion portion coincides with the moving direction of the piston. 11. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 7,
wherein the cylinder includes a piston support portion supporting the piston and a connecting protrusion portion continuous with the piston support portion, wherein the connecting protrusion portion is formed into a tubular shape, and the fluid is sent out from the connecting protrusion portion, and wherein an axial direction of the connecting protrusion portion is a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the piston. 12. A foreign substance removing device comprising:
a cylinder into which a fluid flows; a piston movably supported by the cylinder and configured to send out the fluid that has flowed into the cylinder; an elastically deformable annular seal member attached to an outer peripheral portion of the piston and slidable on an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder when the piston is moved; a nozzle configured to eject the fluid sent out by the piston toward an object to be cleaned; and a moving mechanism configured to apply a moving force to the piston, wherein a direction in which the fluid is sent out is a first direction of a moving direction of the piston, and a direction opposite to the first direction is a second direction of the moving direction of the piston, wherein a check valve configured to regulate flow of the fluid toward a second direction side is arranged in a flow path of the fluid in a first direction side of the piston, wherein the seal member is formed with a groove portion opened in the first direction, and wherein when the piston is moved, the seal member is elastically deformed or elastically restored by a difference of internal pressure in spaces on opposite sides of the cylinder, the seal member being sandwiched between the spaces. 13. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 12,
wherein at least a part of the groove portion is positioned outside an outer peripheral surface of the piston. 14. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 12,
wherein the cylinder includes a piston support portion supporting the piston and a connecting protrusion portion continuous with the piston support portion, wherein the connecting protrusion portion is formed into a tubular shape, and the fluid is sent out from the connecting protrusion portion, wherein a pipe is connected to the connecting protrusion portion, and wherein the check valve is arranged in the pipe. 15. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 12,
wherein the cylinder includes a piston support portion supporting the piston and a connecting protrusion portion continuous with the piston support portion, wherein the connecting protrusion portion is formed into a tubular shape, and the fluid is sent out from the connecting protrusion portion, and wherein the check valve is arranged in the connecting protrusion portion. 16. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 14,
wherein an axial direction of the connecting protrusion portion coincides with the moving direction of the piston. | A foreign substance removing device includes: a cylinder including a support portion; a piston configured to send out a fluid flowing into the cylinder; a spring configured to urge the piston; and a mechanism configured to apply a moving force to the piston. A direction in which the fluid is sent out is a first direction. The piston is moved in the first direction by an urging force of the spring. An operation portion of the piston is formed with a convex or concave portion. The support portion is formed with an insertion concave portion into which the convex portion is capable of being inserted or an insertion convex portion capable of being inserted into the concave portion. A compression space is formed in the moving space when the piston is moved in the first direction and the convex portion or the insertion convex portion is inserted.1. A foreign substance removing device comprising:
a cylinder including a piston support portion of which an internal space is formed as a moving space; a piston movably supported by the cylinder and configured to send out a fluid that has flowed into the cylinder; a nozzle configured to eject the fluid sent out by the piston toward an object to be cleaned; an urging spring configured to urge the piston; and a moving mechanism configured to apply a moving force to the piston, wherein a direction in which the fluid is sent out is a first direction of a moving direction of the piston, wherein the piston is moved in the first direction by an urging force of the urging spring, wherein the piston includes an operation portion that is moved in the moving space, wherein the operation portion is formed with a convex portion or a concave portion, wherein the piston support portion is formed with an insertion concave portion into which the convex portion is capable of being inserted or an insertion convex portion which is capable of being inserted into the concave portion, and wherein a compression space of the fluid is formed in the moving space in a state in which the piston is moved in the first direction and the convex portion or the insertion convex portion is inserted into the insertion concave portion or the concave portion. 2. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 1,
wherein the convex portion or the insertion convex portion is formed into a tubular shape. 3. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 1,
wherein the operation portion is formed with the concave portion, and wherein the piston support portion is formed with the insertion convex portion. 4. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 3,
wherein the concave portion is formed into an annular shape, wherein the insertion convex portion is formed into a tubular shape, and wherein a portion on an inner side of the concave portion of the piston is provided as an insertion portion to be inserted into an inner side of the insertion convex portion. 5. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 4,
wherein a seal ring is attached to an outer peripheral portion of the insertion portion or an inner peripheral portion of the insertion convex portion. 6. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 1,
wherein a seal member that slides on an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder when the piston is moved is attached to an outer peripheral portion of the operation portion. 7. A foreign substance removing device comprising:
a cylinder into which a fluid flows; a piston movably supported by the cylinder and configured to send out the fluid that has flowed into the cylinder; a seal member attached to the piston and slid on an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder when the piston is moved; a nozzle configured to eject the fluid sent out by the piston toward an object to be cleaned; an urging spring configured to urge the piston; and a moving mechanism configured to apply a moving force to the piston, wherein a direction in which the fluid is sent out is a first direction of a moving direction of the piston, wherein the piston is moved in the first direction by an urging force of the urging spring, and wherein an inclined portion whose diameter decreases as it goes in the first direction is formed as a part of an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. 8. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 7,
wherein a large-diameter portion having a constant diameter is formed as a part of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, and a small-diameter portion having a constant diameter is formed as a part of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, and wherein the inclined portion is positioned between the large-diameter portion and the small-diameter portion. 9. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 7,
wherein the cylinder is formed with a stopper surface that is capable of contacting a tip end surface of the piston when the piston is moved in the first direction, and wherein the inclined portion is formed to be continuous with the stopper surface. 10. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 7,
wherein the cylinder includes a piston support portion supporting the piston and a connecting protrusion portion continuous with the piston support portion, wherein the connecting protrusion portion is formed into a tubular shape, and the fluid is sent out from the connecting protrusion portion, and wherein an axial direction of the connecting protrusion portion coincides with the moving direction of the piston. 11. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 7,
wherein the cylinder includes a piston support portion supporting the piston and a connecting protrusion portion continuous with the piston support portion, wherein the connecting protrusion portion is formed into a tubular shape, and the fluid is sent out from the connecting protrusion portion, and wherein an axial direction of the connecting protrusion portion is a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the piston. 12. A foreign substance removing device comprising:
a cylinder into which a fluid flows; a piston movably supported by the cylinder and configured to send out the fluid that has flowed into the cylinder; an elastically deformable annular seal member attached to an outer peripheral portion of the piston and slidable on an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder when the piston is moved; a nozzle configured to eject the fluid sent out by the piston toward an object to be cleaned; and a moving mechanism configured to apply a moving force to the piston, wherein a direction in which the fluid is sent out is a first direction of a moving direction of the piston, and a direction opposite to the first direction is a second direction of the moving direction of the piston, wherein a check valve configured to regulate flow of the fluid toward a second direction side is arranged in a flow path of the fluid in a first direction side of the piston, wherein the seal member is formed with a groove portion opened in the first direction, and wherein when the piston is moved, the seal member is elastically deformed or elastically restored by a difference of internal pressure in spaces on opposite sides of the cylinder, the seal member being sandwiched between the spaces. 13. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 12,
wherein at least a part of the groove portion is positioned outside an outer peripheral surface of the piston. 14. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 12,
wherein the cylinder includes a piston support portion supporting the piston and a connecting protrusion portion continuous with the piston support portion, wherein the connecting protrusion portion is formed into a tubular shape, and the fluid is sent out from the connecting protrusion portion, wherein a pipe is connected to the connecting protrusion portion, and wherein the check valve is arranged in the pipe. 15. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 12,
wherein the cylinder includes a piston support portion supporting the piston and a connecting protrusion portion continuous with the piston support portion, wherein the connecting protrusion portion is formed into a tubular shape, and the fluid is sent out from the connecting protrusion portion, and wherein the check valve is arranged in the connecting protrusion portion. 16. The foreign substance removing device according to claim 14,
wherein an axial direction of the connecting protrusion portion coincides with the moving direction of the piston. | 3,700 |
345,501 | 16,643,454 | 3,761 | A wearable device is provided. The wearable device includes at least one motion sensor operable to detect one or more motion signals, a processor coupled to the at least one motion sensor, one or more biological sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more biological indicators of a user, and a memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor. The instructions, when executed, are operable to: obtain at least one of the one or more biological indicators of the user; correlate the at least one biological indicators of the user with the detected one or more motion signals; and determine that a drink event is detected based on the correlation between the detected one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators. | 1. A wearable device comprising:
at least one motion sensor operable to detect one or more motion signals; a processor coupled to the at least one motion sensor; one or more biological sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more biological indicators of a user; and a memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor, the instructions, when executed, are operable to:
obtain, from the at least one motion sensor, at least one of the one or more motion signals;
obtain, from the one or more biological sensors, at least one of the one or more biological indicators of the user;
correlate the at least one biological indicators of the user with the detected one or more motion signals; and
determine that a drink event is detected based on the correlation between the one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators. 2. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more motion signals is pre-processed using dynamic time warping. 3. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the at least one motion sensor includes an inertial motion unit, an accelerometer, a magnetometer, and/or a gyroscope. 4. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more motion signals is processed by a machine learning classification technique. 5. The wearable device of claim 4, wherein the machine learning classification technique includes k-nearest neighbor classifier and/or a neural network classifier. 6. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a heart rate sensor, and the one or more biological indicators includes a heart rate and/or a heart rate variation. 7. The wearable device of claim 6, wherein the one or more biological indicators includes a surge in the heart rate. 8. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a thermometer, and the one or more biological indicators includes tissue temperature and ambient temperature. 9. The wearable device of claim 8, wherein the one or more biological indicators includes a decrease in tissue temperature and/or a decrease in tissue temperature with respect to the ambient temperature. 10. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a respiration detector, and the one or more biological indicators includes a pause in breathing. 11. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a near-infrared spectrometer, and the one or more biological indicators includes an increase in tissue perfusion and/or blood volume. 12. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a photoplethysmography monitor, and the one or more biological indicators includes a blood oxygen saturation, a heart rate, a heart rate variation, a blood pressure, and/or a respiration rate. 13. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a bioimpedance monitor, and the one or more biological indicators includes tissue hydration variation. 14. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes an atmospheric pressure sensor, an altitude sensor, a relative humidity sensor, a microphone, a clock, an event marker, and/or a camera. 15. The wearable device of claim 14, wherein the one or more biological indicators includes atmospheric pressure, altitude, humidity, sounds associated with eating and/or drinking, time, span of time, images and/or videos associated with drinking. 16. The wearable device of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more additional sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more additional indicators, and the instructions are further operable to:
obtain, from the one or more additional sensors, at least one of the one or more additional indicators;
correlate the at least one additional indicator with the at least one biological indicators of the user and the detected one or more motion signals;
determine that the drink event is detected based on the correlation between the at least one additional indicator and the one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators. 17. The wearable device of claim 16, wherein the one or more additional sensors includes a global position system component, and the one or more additional indicators includes a physical location. 18. The wearable device of claim 17, wherein the physical location includes a restaurant and/or a bar. 19. The wearable device of claim 17, wherein the physical location is determined by a calendar, events and/or postings on one or more social media applications, ambient light, UV exposure, humidity, altitude, images, videos, and/or previously visited locations. 20. A system comprising:
a wearable device including:
at least one motion sensor operable to detect one or more motion signals;
a processor coupled to the at least one motion sensor;
one or more biological sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more biological indicators of a user; and
a mobile device communicatively coupled with the wearable device, the mobile device including a memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor, the instructions, when executed, are operable to:
obtain, from the wearable device, at least one of the one or more motion signals;
obtain, from the wearable device, at least one of the one or more biological indicators of the user;
correlate the at least one biological indicators of the user with the one or more motion signals; and
determine that a drink event is detected based on the correlation between the one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators. 21.-24. (canceled) | A wearable device is provided. The wearable device includes at least one motion sensor operable to detect one or more motion signals, a processor coupled to the at least one motion sensor, one or more biological sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more biological indicators of a user, and a memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor. The instructions, when executed, are operable to: obtain at least one of the one or more biological indicators of the user; correlate the at least one biological indicators of the user with the detected one or more motion signals; and determine that a drink event is detected based on the correlation between the detected one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators.1. A wearable device comprising:
at least one motion sensor operable to detect one or more motion signals; a processor coupled to the at least one motion sensor; one or more biological sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more biological indicators of a user; and a memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor, the instructions, when executed, are operable to:
obtain, from the at least one motion sensor, at least one of the one or more motion signals;
obtain, from the one or more biological sensors, at least one of the one or more biological indicators of the user;
correlate the at least one biological indicators of the user with the detected one or more motion signals; and
determine that a drink event is detected based on the correlation between the one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators. 2. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more motion signals is pre-processed using dynamic time warping. 3. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the at least one motion sensor includes an inertial motion unit, an accelerometer, a magnetometer, and/or a gyroscope. 4. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more motion signals is processed by a machine learning classification technique. 5. The wearable device of claim 4, wherein the machine learning classification technique includes k-nearest neighbor classifier and/or a neural network classifier. 6. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a heart rate sensor, and the one or more biological indicators includes a heart rate and/or a heart rate variation. 7. The wearable device of claim 6, wherein the one or more biological indicators includes a surge in the heart rate. 8. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a thermometer, and the one or more biological indicators includes tissue temperature and ambient temperature. 9. The wearable device of claim 8, wherein the one or more biological indicators includes a decrease in tissue temperature and/or a decrease in tissue temperature with respect to the ambient temperature. 10. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a respiration detector, and the one or more biological indicators includes a pause in breathing. 11. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a near-infrared spectrometer, and the one or more biological indicators includes an increase in tissue perfusion and/or blood volume. 12. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a photoplethysmography monitor, and the one or more biological indicators includes a blood oxygen saturation, a heart rate, a heart rate variation, a blood pressure, and/or a respiration rate. 13. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes a bioimpedance monitor, and the one or more biological indicators includes tissue hydration variation. 14. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the one or more biological sensors includes an atmospheric pressure sensor, an altitude sensor, a relative humidity sensor, a microphone, a clock, an event marker, and/or a camera. 15. The wearable device of claim 14, wherein the one or more biological indicators includes atmospheric pressure, altitude, humidity, sounds associated with eating and/or drinking, time, span of time, images and/or videos associated with drinking. 16. The wearable device of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more additional sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more additional indicators, and the instructions are further operable to:
obtain, from the one or more additional sensors, at least one of the one or more additional indicators;
correlate the at least one additional indicator with the at least one biological indicators of the user and the detected one or more motion signals;
determine that the drink event is detected based on the correlation between the at least one additional indicator and the one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators. 17. The wearable device of claim 16, wherein the one or more additional sensors includes a global position system component, and the one or more additional indicators includes a physical location. 18. The wearable device of claim 17, wherein the physical location includes a restaurant and/or a bar. 19. The wearable device of claim 17, wherein the physical location is determined by a calendar, events and/or postings on one or more social media applications, ambient light, UV exposure, humidity, altitude, images, videos, and/or previously visited locations. 20. A system comprising:
a wearable device including:
at least one motion sensor operable to detect one or more motion signals;
a processor coupled to the at least one motion sensor;
one or more biological sensors coupled to the processor and operable to detect one or more biological indicators of a user; and
a mobile device communicatively coupled with the wearable device, the mobile device including a memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor, the instructions, when executed, are operable to:
obtain, from the wearable device, at least one of the one or more motion signals;
obtain, from the wearable device, at least one of the one or more biological indicators of the user;
correlate the at least one biological indicators of the user with the one or more motion signals; and
determine that a drink event is detected based on the correlation between the one or more motion signals and the at least one biological indicators. 21.-24. (canceled) | 3,700 |
345,502 | 16,643,376 | 3,761 | Some aspects of this disclosure provide strategies, systems, reagents, methods, and kits that are useful for the targeted editing of nucleic acids, including editing a single site within the genome of a cell or subject, e.g., within the human genome. In some embodiments, fusion proteins comprise a Gam protein, a napDNAbp, and a cytidine deaminase. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins further comprise a UGI domain. In some embodiments, methods for targeted nucleic acid editing are provided. In some embodiments, reagents and kits for the generation of targeted nucleic acid editing proteins, e.g., fusion proteins of a Gam protein, a cytidine deaminase and nucleic acid editing proteins or domains, are provided. | 1. A fusion protein comprising: (i) a nucleic acid programmable DNA binding protein (napDNAbp); (ii) a cytidine deaminase domain; and (iii) a Gam protein. 2. The fusion protein of claim 1, further comprising (iv) a uracil glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) domain. 3. The fusion protein of claim 1 or 2, wherein the nucleic acid programmable DNA binding protein (napDNAbp) is a Cas9 domain. 4. The fusion protein of claim 3, wherein the Cas9 domain is a nuclease active Cas9 domain, a Cas9 nickase (nCas9), or a nuclease inactive Cas9 (dCas9). 5. The fusion protein of claim 4, wherein the Cas9 domain is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) that cuts a nucleotide target strand of a nucleotide duplex, wherein the nucleotide target strand is the strand that binds to a gRNA of the Cas9 nickase domain. 6. The fusion protein of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the Cas9 domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence provided in SEQ ID NO: 6 or 8. 7. The fusion protein of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the Cas9 domain is an nCas9 domain that comprises a D10A mutation in the amino acid sequence provided in SEQ ID NO: 6. 8. The fusion protein of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the Cas9 domain is an nCas9 domain that comprises one or more of the mutations N496A, R660A, Q694A, and Q926A of the amino acid sequence provided in SEQ ID NO 6. 9. The fusion protein of any one of claims 2-8, further comprising a second UGI domain. 10. The fusion protein of any one of claims 2-9, wherein the UGI domain and/or the second UGI domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, identical to SEQ ID NO: 112. 11. The fusion protein of any one of claims 2-10, wherein the UGI domain and/or the second UGI domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, identical to SEQ ID NO: 112. 12. The fusion protein of any one of claims 2-11, wherein the UGI domain and/or the second UGI domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 112. 13. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a deaminase from the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex (APOBEC) family deaminase. 14. The fusion protein of claim 13, wherein the APOBEC family deaminase is selected from the group consisting of APOBEC1 deaminase, APOBEC2 deaminase, APOBEC3A deaminase, APOBEC3B deaminase, APOBEC3C deaminase, APOBEC3D deaminase, APOBEC3F deaminase, APOBEC3G deaminase, and APOBEC3H deaminase. 15. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73-99, 108-111, 110-103, or 104-107. 16. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73-99, 108-111, 110-103, or 104-107. 17. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a rat APOBEC1 (rAPOBEC1) deaminase comprising one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of W90Y, R126E, and R132E of SEQ ID NO: 99, or one or more corresponding mutations in another APOBEC deaminase. 18. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a human APOBEC1 (hAPOBEC1) deaminase comprising one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of W90Y, Q126E, and R132E of SEQ ID NO: 110, or one or more corresponding mutations in another APOBEC deaminase. 19. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a human APOBEC3G (hAPOBEC3G) deaminase comprising one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of W285Y, R320E, and R326E of SEQ ID NO: 83, or one or more corresponding mutations in another APOBEC deaminase. 20. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is an activation-induced deaminase (AID). 21. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a cytidine deaminase 1 from Petromyzon marinus (pmCDA1). 22. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the fusion protein comprises the structure: NH2-[Gam protein]-[cytidine deaminase domain]-[napDNAbp]-[UGI domain]-COOH, and wherein each instance of “-” comprises an optional linker. 23. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the fusion protein comprises the structure: NH2-[Gam protein]-[cytidine deaminase domain]-[napDNAbp]-[UGI domain]-[second UGI domain]-COOH, and wherein each instance of “-” comprises an optional linker. 24. The fusion protein of claim 22 or 23, further comprising a linker between the Gam protein and the cytidine deaminase domain that comprises the amino acid sequence SGSETPGTSESATPES (SEQ ID NO: 127). 25. The fusion protein of any one of claims 22-24, further comprising a linker between the cytidine deaminase domain and the napDNAbp that comprises the amino acid sequence SGGSSGGSSGSETPGTSESATPESSGGSSGGS (SEQ ID NO: 130). 26. The fusion protein of any one of claims 22-25, further comprising a linker between the napDNAbp and the UGI domain that comprises the amino acid sequence SGGSGGSGGS (SEQ ID NO: 136) or SGGS (SEQ ID NO: 128). 27. The fusion protein of any one of claims 22-26, further comprising a linker between the UGI domain and the second UGI domain that comprises the amino acid sequence SGGSGGSGGS (SEQ ID NO: 136). 28. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-27, further comprising a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). 29. The fusion protein of claim 28, wherein the NLS comprises the amino acid sequence of PKKKRKV (SEQ ID NO: 392), or KRTADGSEFEPKKKRKV (SEQ ID NO: 405). 30. The fusion protein of any one of claim 1-29, wherein the Gam protein comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 31. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-30, wherein the Gam protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 32. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-31, wherein the fusion protein comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 394 or 396. 33. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-32, wherein the fusion protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 394 or 396. 34. A complex comprising the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33 and a guide RNA bound to the napDNAbp of the fusion protein. 35. A complex comprising the fusion protein of any one of claims 4-33 and a guide RNA bound to the nCas9 domain of the fusion protein. 36. A method comprising contacting a nucleic acid molecule with the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33 and a guide RNA, wherein the guide RNA comprises a sequence of at least 10 contiguous nucleotides that is complementary to a target sequence in the genome of an organism and comprises a target base pair. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the target base pair comprises a T to C point mutation associated with a disease or disorder, and wherein the deamination of the mutant C base results in a sequence that is not associated with a disease or disorder. 38. The method of claim 36 or 37, wherein the contacting results in less than 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.1% indel formation upon base editing. 39. The method of any one of claims 36-38, wherein the contacting results in at least 2:1 intended to unintended product upon base editing. 40. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33. 41. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the complex of any one of claims 34-35. 42. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 40 or 41 further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 43. A polynucleotide encoding the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33. 44. A vector comprising a polynucleotide of claim 43. 45. The vector of claim 44, wherein the vector comprises a heterologous promotor driving expression of the polynucleotide. 46. A cell comprising the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33. 47. A cell comprising the complex of any one of claims 34-35. 48. A cell comprising the polynucleotide of claim 43. 49. A cell comprising the vector of claim 44 or 45. 50. A kit comprising a nucleic acid construct, comprising
(a) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33; and (b) a heterologous promoter that drives expression of the sequence of (a). 51. The kit of claim 50, further comprising an expression construct encoding a guide RNA backbone, wherein the construct comprises a cloning site positioned to allow the cloning of a nucleic acid sequence identical or complementary to a target sequence into the guide RNA backbone. | Some aspects of this disclosure provide strategies, systems, reagents, methods, and kits that are useful for the targeted editing of nucleic acids, including editing a single site within the genome of a cell or subject, e.g., within the human genome. In some embodiments, fusion proteins comprise a Gam protein, a napDNAbp, and a cytidine deaminase. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins further comprise a UGI domain. In some embodiments, methods for targeted nucleic acid editing are provided. In some embodiments, reagents and kits for the generation of targeted nucleic acid editing proteins, e.g., fusion proteins of a Gam protein, a cytidine deaminase and nucleic acid editing proteins or domains, are provided.1. A fusion protein comprising: (i) a nucleic acid programmable DNA binding protein (napDNAbp); (ii) a cytidine deaminase domain; and (iii) a Gam protein. 2. The fusion protein of claim 1, further comprising (iv) a uracil glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) domain. 3. The fusion protein of claim 1 or 2, wherein the nucleic acid programmable DNA binding protein (napDNAbp) is a Cas9 domain. 4. The fusion protein of claim 3, wherein the Cas9 domain is a nuclease active Cas9 domain, a Cas9 nickase (nCas9), or a nuclease inactive Cas9 (dCas9). 5. The fusion protein of claim 4, wherein the Cas9 domain is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) that cuts a nucleotide target strand of a nucleotide duplex, wherein the nucleotide target strand is the strand that binds to a gRNA of the Cas9 nickase domain. 6. The fusion protein of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the Cas9 domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence provided in SEQ ID NO: 6 or 8. 7. The fusion protein of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the Cas9 domain is an nCas9 domain that comprises a D10A mutation in the amino acid sequence provided in SEQ ID NO: 6. 8. The fusion protein of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the Cas9 domain is an nCas9 domain that comprises one or more of the mutations N496A, R660A, Q694A, and Q926A of the amino acid sequence provided in SEQ ID NO 6. 9. The fusion protein of any one of claims 2-8, further comprising a second UGI domain. 10. The fusion protein of any one of claims 2-9, wherein the UGI domain and/or the second UGI domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, identical to SEQ ID NO: 112. 11. The fusion protein of any one of claims 2-10, wherein the UGI domain and/or the second UGI domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%, identical to SEQ ID NO: 112. 12. The fusion protein of any one of claims 2-11, wherein the UGI domain and/or the second UGI domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 112. 13. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a deaminase from the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing complex (APOBEC) family deaminase. 14. The fusion protein of claim 13, wherein the APOBEC family deaminase is selected from the group consisting of APOBEC1 deaminase, APOBEC2 deaminase, APOBEC3A deaminase, APOBEC3B deaminase, APOBEC3C deaminase, APOBEC3D deaminase, APOBEC3F deaminase, APOBEC3G deaminase, and APOBEC3H deaminase. 15. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73-99, 108-111, 110-103, or 104-107. 16. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73-99, 108-111, 110-103, or 104-107. 17. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a rat APOBEC1 (rAPOBEC1) deaminase comprising one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of W90Y, R126E, and R132E of SEQ ID NO: 99, or one or more corresponding mutations in another APOBEC deaminase. 18. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a human APOBEC1 (hAPOBEC1) deaminase comprising one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of W90Y, Q126E, and R132E of SEQ ID NO: 110, or one or more corresponding mutations in another APOBEC deaminase. 19. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a human APOBEC3G (hAPOBEC3G) deaminase comprising one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of W285Y, R320E, and R326E of SEQ ID NO: 83, or one or more corresponding mutations in another APOBEC deaminase. 20. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is an activation-induced deaminase (AID). 21. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cytidine deaminase domain is a cytidine deaminase 1 from Petromyzon marinus (pmCDA1). 22. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the fusion protein comprises the structure: NH2-[Gam protein]-[cytidine deaminase domain]-[napDNAbp]-[UGI domain]-COOH, and wherein each instance of “-” comprises an optional linker. 23. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the fusion protein comprises the structure: NH2-[Gam protein]-[cytidine deaminase domain]-[napDNAbp]-[UGI domain]-[second UGI domain]-COOH, and wherein each instance of “-” comprises an optional linker. 24. The fusion protein of claim 22 or 23, further comprising a linker between the Gam protein and the cytidine deaminase domain that comprises the amino acid sequence SGSETPGTSESATPES (SEQ ID NO: 127). 25. The fusion protein of any one of claims 22-24, further comprising a linker between the cytidine deaminase domain and the napDNAbp that comprises the amino acid sequence SGGSSGGSSGSETPGTSESATPESSGGSSGGS (SEQ ID NO: 130). 26. The fusion protein of any one of claims 22-25, further comprising a linker between the napDNAbp and the UGI domain that comprises the amino acid sequence SGGSGGSGGS (SEQ ID NO: 136) or SGGS (SEQ ID NO: 128). 27. The fusion protein of any one of claims 22-26, further comprising a linker between the UGI domain and the second UGI domain that comprises the amino acid sequence SGGSGGSGGS (SEQ ID NO: 136). 28. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-27, further comprising a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). 29. The fusion protein of claim 28, wherein the NLS comprises the amino acid sequence of PKKKRKV (SEQ ID NO: 392), or KRTADGSEFEPKKKRKV (SEQ ID NO: 405). 30. The fusion protein of any one of claim 1-29, wherein the Gam protein comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 31. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-30, wherein the Gam protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 32. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-31, wherein the fusion protein comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 394 or 396. 33. The fusion protein of any one of claims 1-32, wherein the fusion protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 394 or 396. 34. A complex comprising the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33 and a guide RNA bound to the napDNAbp of the fusion protein. 35. A complex comprising the fusion protein of any one of claims 4-33 and a guide RNA bound to the nCas9 domain of the fusion protein. 36. A method comprising contacting a nucleic acid molecule with the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33 and a guide RNA, wherein the guide RNA comprises a sequence of at least 10 contiguous nucleotides that is complementary to a target sequence in the genome of an organism and comprises a target base pair. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the target base pair comprises a T to C point mutation associated with a disease or disorder, and wherein the deamination of the mutant C base results in a sequence that is not associated with a disease or disorder. 38. The method of claim 36 or 37, wherein the contacting results in less than 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.1% indel formation upon base editing. 39. The method of any one of claims 36-38, wherein the contacting results in at least 2:1 intended to unintended product upon base editing. 40. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33. 41. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the complex of any one of claims 34-35. 42. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 40 or 41 further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 43. A polynucleotide encoding the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33. 44. A vector comprising a polynucleotide of claim 43. 45. The vector of claim 44, wherein the vector comprises a heterologous promotor driving expression of the polynucleotide. 46. A cell comprising the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33. 47. A cell comprising the complex of any one of claims 34-35. 48. A cell comprising the polynucleotide of claim 43. 49. A cell comprising the vector of claim 44 or 45. 50. A kit comprising a nucleic acid construct, comprising
(a) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the fusion protein of any one of claims 1-33; and (b) a heterologous promoter that drives expression of the sequence of (a). 51. The kit of claim 50, further comprising an expression construct encoding a guide RNA backbone, wherein the construct comprises a cloning site positioned to allow the cloning of a nucleic acid sequence identical or complementary to a target sequence into the guide RNA backbone. | 3,700 |
345,503 | 16,643,423 | 2,448 | A method for monitoring and controlling session traffic usage, includes: receiving traffic usage increment information of a first session and a second session reported by a first PCF and a second PCF; accumulating a total traffic usage of the first session and the second session according to the received traffic usage increment information; determining whether a current total traffic usage reaches a threshold value of a total issued traffic usage; and sending the total traffic usage information of the first session and the second session to the first PCF and the second PCF in response to that the current total traffic usage reaches the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage and in response to that the current total traffic usage does not reach the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, repeating above steps. | 1. A method for monitoring and controlling session traffic usage, comprising:
receiving traffic usage increment information of a first session and traffic usage increment information of a second session reported by a first policy control function and a second policy control function; accumulating a total traffic usage of the first session and the second session according to the received traffic usage increment information; determining whether a current total traffic usage reaches a threshold value of a total issued traffic usage; and in response to that the current total traffic usage reaches the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, sending total traffic usage information of the first session and the second session to the first policy control function and the second policy control function, so that the first policy control function and the second policy control function carry out policy control according to the total traffic usage information and the respective accumulated traffic usage increment information, and in response to that the current total traffic usage does not reach the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, repeating above steps. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
before receiving the traffic usage increment information of the first session and the traffic usage increment information of the second session reported by the first policy control function and the second policy control function, receiving a data reading request sent by the first policy control function, wherein the data reading request is used for requesting to read user subscription information and traffic usage information of a user; sending the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user to the first policy control function; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the first session sent by the first policy control function, wherein a mode for accumulating the total traffic usage is set as that the first policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a data reading request sent by the second policy control function, wherein the data reading request is used for requesting to read the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user; sending the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user to the second policy control function, and informing the second policy control function that the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage is that a user data repository accumulates the total traffic usage; and informing the first policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the user data repository accumulates the total traffic usage. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a first session offline request and traffic usage increment information of the first session sent by the first policy control function; sending a first session offline response message to the first policy control function; informing the second policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the second policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the second session sent by the second policy control function. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second session offline request and traffic usage increment information of the second session sent by the second policy control function; sending a second session offline response message to the second policy control function; informing the first policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the first policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the first session sent by the first policy control function. 6. A server, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a program for monitoring and controlling session traffic usage and operable on the processor, the processor configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
receiving traffic usage increment information of a first session and traffic usage increment information of a second session reported by a first policy control function and a second policy control function; accumulating a total traffic usage of the first session and the second session according to the received traffic usage increment information; determining whether a current total traffic usage reaches a threshold value of a total issued traffic usage; and in response to that the current total traffic usage reaches the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, sending total traffic usage information of the first session and the second session to the first policy control function and the second policy control function, so that the first policy control function and the second policy control function carry out policy control according to the total traffic usage information and the respective accumulated traffic usage increment information, and in response to that the current total traffic usage does not reach the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, repeating above steps. 7. The server according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
before receiving the traffic usage increment information of the first session and the traffic usage increment information of the second session reported by the first policy control function and the second policy control function, receiving a data reading request sent by the first policy control function, wherein the data reading request is used for requesting to read user subscription information and traffic usage information of a user; sending the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user to the first policy control function; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the first session sent by the first policy control function, wherein a mode for accumulating the total traffic usage is set as that the first policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage. 8. The server according to claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
receiving a data reading request sent by the second policy control function, wherein the data reading request is used for requesting to read the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user; sending the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user to the second policy control function, and informing the second policy control function that the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage is that a user data repository accumulates the total traffic usage; and informing the first policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the user data repository accumulates the total traffic usage. 9. The server according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
receiving a first session offline request and traffic usage increment information of the first session sent by the first policy control function; sending a first session offline response message to the first policy control function; informing the second policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the second policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the second session sent by the second policy control function. 10. The server according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
receiving a second session offline request and traffic usage increment information of the second session sent by the second policy control function; sending a second session offline response message to the second policy control function; informing the first policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the first policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the first session sent by the first policy control function. 11. A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs comprising executable instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of claim 1. | A method for monitoring and controlling session traffic usage, includes: receiving traffic usage increment information of a first session and a second session reported by a first PCF and a second PCF; accumulating a total traffic usage of the first session and the second session according to the received traffic usage increment information; determining whether a current total traffic usage reaches a threshold value of a total issued traffic usage; and sending the total traffic usage information of the first session and the second session to the first PCF and the second PCF in response to that the current total traffic usage reaches the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage and in response to that the current total traffic usage does not reach the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, repeating above steps.1. A method for monitoring and controlling session traffic usage, comprising:
receiving traffic usage increment information of a first session and traffic usage increment information of a second session reported by a first policy control function and a second policy control function; accumulating a total traffic usage of the first session and the second session according to the received traffic usage increment information; determining whether a current total traffic usage reaches a threshold value of a total issued traffic usage; and in response to that the current total traffic usage reaches the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, sending total traffic usage information of the first session and the second session to the first policy control function and the second policy control function, so that the first policy control function and the second policy control function carry out policy control according to the total traffic usage information and the respective accumulated traffic usage increment information, and in response to that the current total traffic usage does not reach the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, repeating above steps. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
before receiving the traffic usage increment information of the first session and the traffic usage increment information of the second session reported by the first policy control function and the second policy control function, receiving a data reading request sent by the first policy control function, wherein the data reading request is used for requesting to read user subscription information and traffic usage information of a user; sending the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user to the first policy control function; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the first session sent by the first policy control function, wherein a mode for accumulating the total traffic usage is set as that the first policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a data reading request sent by the second policy control function, wherein the data reading request is used for requesting to read the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user; sending the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user to the second policy control function, and informing the second policy control function that the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage is that a user data repository accumulates the total traffic usage; and informing the first policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the user data repository accumulates the total traffic usage. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a first session offline request and traffic usage increment information of the first session sent by the first policy control function; sending a first session offline response message to the first policy control function; informing the second policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the second policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the second session sent by the second policy control function. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second session offline request and traffic usage increment information of the second session sent by the second policy control function; sending a second session offline response message to the second policy control function; informing the first policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the first policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the first session sent by the first policy control function. 6. A server, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a program for monitoring and controlling session traffic usage and operable on the processor, the processor configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
receiving traffic usage increment information of a first session and traffic usage increment information of a second session reported by a first policy control function and a second policy control function; accumulating a total traffic usage of the first session and the second session according to the received traffic usage increment information; determining whether a current total traffic usage reaches a threshold value of a total issued traffic usage; and in response to that the current total traffic usage reaches the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, sending total traffic usage information of the first session and the second session to the first policy control function and the second policy control function, so that the first policy control function and the second policy control function carry out policy control according to the total traffic usage information and the respective accumulated traffic usage increment information, and in response to that the current total traffic usage does not reach the threshold value of the total issued traffic usage, repeating above steps. 7. The server according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
before receiving the traffic usage increment information of the first session and the traffic usage increment information of the second session reported by the first policy control function and the second policy control function, receiving a data reading request sent by the first policy control function, wherein the data reading request is used for requesting to read user subscription information and traffic usage information of a user; sending the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user to the first policy control function; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the first session sent by the first policy control function, wherein a mode for accumulating the total traffic usage is set as that the first policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage. 8. The server according to claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
receiving a data reading request sent by the second policy control function, wherein the data reading request is used for requesting to read the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user; sending the user subscription information and the traffic usage information of the user to the second policy control function, and informing the second policy control function that the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage is that a user data repository accumulates the total traffic usage; and informing the first policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the user data repository accumulates the total traffic usage. 9. The server according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
receiving a first session offline request and traffic usage increment information of the first session sent by the first policy control function; sending a first session offline response message to the first policy control function; informing the second policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the second policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the second session sent by the second policy control function. 10. The server according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement:
receiving a second session offline request and traffic usage increment information of the second session sent by the second policy control function; sending a second session offline response message to the second policy control function; informing the first policy control function to change the mode for accumulating the total traffic usage to that the first policy control function accumulates the total traffic usage; and receiving the total traffic usage information of the first session sent by the first policy control function. 11. A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs comprising executable instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of claim 1. | 2,400 |
345,504 | 16,643,442 | 2,448 | The preset disclosure provides a display method, a display device and a display. The display method includes: transmitting data to be displayed to a processing unit in an RGB format after acquiring the data to be displayed; performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit, and transmitting the processed data to be displayed to a conversion unit; converting the processed data to be displayed into data in an MIPI format by the conversion unit, and displaying the data to be displayed in the MIPI format. | 1. A display method, comprising:
transmitting data to be displayed to a processing unit in an RGB format after acquiring the data to be displayed; performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit to obtain processed data to be displayed, and transmitting the processed data to be displayed to a conversion unit; and converting the processed data to be displayed into data in an MIPI format by the conversion unit to obtain converted data to be displayed, and displaying the converted data to be displayed in the MIPI format. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing contrast adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format comprises:
performing statistical processing to obtain a grayscale data histogram of the data to be displayed; and performing an equalization processing on the grayscale data histogram. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the performing statistical processing to obtain the grayscale data histogram of the data to be displayed comprises:
performing color space conversion on the data to be displayed to convert the data in the RGB format into data in a YUV format; and extracting grayscale data from the data in the YUV format, and performing statistical processing on the grayscale data to obtain the grayscale data histogram. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the performing brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format comprises:
calculating an average gray level of the data to be displayed;
comparing the average gray level with a preset gray level threshold and calculating a target coefficient, wherein, when the average gray level is greater than the preset gray level threshold, the target coefficient is equal to a ratio of the preset gray level threshold to the average gray level, and when the average gray level is less than the preset grayscale threshold, the target coefficient is equal to one; and
multiplying a gray level value of each pixel in the data to be displayed by the target coefficient. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data to be displayed comprises multiple frames of display data, and the performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit comprises:
performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data of a first frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram; mapping the histogram corresponding to the first frame of display data to a second frame of display data; calculating an average gray level of the second frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the first frame of display data and the grayscale data of the second frame of display data; if the average gray level of the second frame of display data is greater than a preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the second frame of display data, and outputting the second frame of display data with the reduced average gray level to the conversion unit; and if the average gray level of the second frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the second frame of display data to the conversion unit. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the reducing the average gray level of the second frame of display data, and outputting the second frame of display data with the reduced average gray level to the conversion unit comprises:
multiplying a gray level value of each pixel in the second frame of display data by a target coefficient, the target coefficient being equal to a ratio of the preset gray level threshold to the average gray level. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit further comprises:
backing up the second frame of display data, performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data in the backed-up second frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram;
mapping the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data to a third frame of display data;
calculating an average gray level of the third frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data and the grayscale data of the backed-up second frame of display data;
if the average gray level of the third frame of display data is greater than the preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the third frame of display data, and outputting the third frame of display data with the reduced average gray level to the conversion unit; and
if the average gray level of the third frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the third frame of display data to the conversion unit. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein before performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit, further comprising the method further comprises:
sending a test instruction to the conversion unit to determine whether the conversion unit is able to perform data conversion correctly. 9. A display device, comprising:
a first transmission unit for transmitting data to be displayed to a processing unit in an RGB format after acquiring the data to be displayed; the processing unit for performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format that is transmitted by the first transmission unit; a second transmission unit for transmitting the data to be displayed that is processed by the processing unit to a conversion unit; and the conversion unit for converting the processed data to be displayed into data in an MIPI format that is transmitted by the second transmission unit. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the processing unit comprises:
a first processing module for performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data of a first frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram, wherein the data to be displayed comprises multiple frames of display data; a first mapping module for mapping the histogram corresponding to the first frame of display data to a second frame of display data; a first calculating module for calculating an average gray level of the second frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the first frame of display data and the grayscale data of the second frame of display data; a first reduction module for, when the average gray level of the second frame of display data is greater than a preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the second frame of display data; a first output module for outputting the second frame of display data with the average gray level reduced by the first reduction module; and a second output module for, when the average gray level of the second frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the second frame of display data as it is. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the first processing module comprises:
a conversion sub-module for performing color space conversion on the first frame of display data to convert the data in the RGB format into data in a YUV format; an extraction sub-module for extracting grayscale data from the first frame of display data in the YUV format; a statistical processing sub-module for performing statistical processing on the grayscale data to obtain the histogram; a first processing sub-module for performing an equalization processing on the first frame of display data according to the histogram; and a second processing sub-module for performing an optimization processing on the first frame of display data according to the average grayscale of the equalized first frame of display data. 12. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the first reduction module comprises:
a first calculation sub-module for calculating a target coefficient by dividing the preset gray level threshold by the average gray level; and a second calculation sub-module for calculating a product of the average gray level of the second frame of display data and the target coefficient. 13. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the processing unit further comprises:
a backing-up module for backing up the second frame of display data; a second processing module for performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data of the backed-up second frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram; a second mapping module for mapping the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data to a third frame of display data; a second calculating module for calculating an average gray level of the third frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data and the grayscale data of the backed-up second frame of display data; a second reduction module for, when the average gray level of the third frame of display data is greater than a preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the third frame of display data; a third output module for outputting the third frame of display data with the reduced average gray level; and a fourth output module for, when the average gray level of the third frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the third frame of display data as it is. 14. The display device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a sending unit for sending a test instruction to the conversion unit to determine whether the conversion unit is able to perform data conversion correctly, before the processing unit performs contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format. 15. A display comprising the display device according to claim 9. 16. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program implementing, when executed by a processor, the display method according to claim 1. 17. A display device comprising a storage, a processor and a computer program stored on the storage and capable of running on the processor, the computer program implementing, when executed by the processor, the display method according to claim 1. 18. The method according to claim 3, wherein the performing brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format comprises:
calculating an average gray level of the data to be displayed; comparing the average gray level with a preset gray level threshold and calculating a target coefficient, wherein, when the average gray level is greater than the preset gray level threshold, the target coefficient is equal to a ratio of the preset gray level threshold to the average gray level, and when the average gray level is less than the preset grayscale threshold, the target coefficient is equal to one; and multiplying a gray level value of each pixel in the data to be displayed by the target coefficient. 19. The method according to claim 6, wherein the performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit further comprises:
backing up the second frame of display data, performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data in the backed-up second frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram; mapping the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data to a third frame of display data; calculating an average gray level of the third frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data and the grayscale data of the backed-up second frame of display data; if the average gray level of the third frame of display data is greater than the preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the third frame of display data, and outputting the third frame of display data with the reduced average gray level to the conversion unit; and if the average gray level of the third frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the third frame of display data to the conversion unit. | The preset disclosure provides a display method, a display device and a display. The display method includes: transmitting data to be displayed to a processing unit in an RGB format after acquiring the data to be displayed; performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit, and transmitting the processed data to be displayed to a conversion unit; converting the processed data to be displayed into data in an MIPI format by the conversion unit, and displaying the data to be displayed in the MIPI format.1. A display method, comprising:
transmitting data to be displayed to a processing unit in an RGB format after acquiring the data to be displayed; performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit to obtain processed data to be displayed, and transmitting the processed data to be displayed to a conversion unit; and converting the processed data to be displayed into data in an MIPI format by the conversion unit to obtain converted data to be displayed, and displaying the converted data to be displayed in the MIPI format. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the performing contrast adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format comprises:
performing statistical processing to obtain a grayscale data histogram of the data to be displayed; and performing an equalization processing on the grayscale data histogram. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the performing statistical processing to obtain the grayscale data histogram of the data to be displayed comprises:
performing color space conversion on the data to be displayed to convert the data in the RGB format into data in a YUV format; and extracting grayscale data from the data in the YUV format, and performing statistical processing on the grayscale data to obtain the grayscale data histogram. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the performing brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format comprises:
calculating an average gray level of the data to be displayed;
comparing the average gray level with a preset gray level threshold and calculating a target coefficient, wherein, when the average gray level is greater than the preset gray level threshold, the target coefficient is equal to a ratio of the preset gray level threshold to the average gray level, and when the average gray level is less than the preset grayscale threshold, the target coefficient is equal to one; and
multiplying a gray level value of each pixel in the data to be displayed by the target coefficient. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data to be displayed comprises multiple frames of display data, and the performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit comprises:
performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data of a first frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram; mapping the histogram corresponding to the first frame of display data to a second frame of display data; calculating an average gray level of the second frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the first frame of display data and the grayscale data of the second frame of display data; if the average gray level of the second frame of display data is greater than a preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the second frame of display data, and outputting the second frame of display data with the reduced average gray level to the conversion unit; and if the average gray level of the second frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the second frame of display data to the conversion unit. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the reducing the average gray level of the second frame of display data, and outputting the second frame of display data with the reduced average gray level to the conversion unit comprises:
multiplying a gray level value of each pixel in the second frame of display data by a target coefficient, the target coefficient being equal to a ratio of the preset gray level threshold to the average gray level. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit further comprises:
backing up the second frame of display data, performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data in the backed-up second frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram;
mapping the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data to a third frame of display data;
calculating an average gray level of the third frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data and the grayscale data of the backed-up second frame of display data;
if the average gray level of the third frame of display data is greater than the preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the third frame of display data, and outputting the third frame of display data with the reduced average gray level to the conversion unit; and
if the average gray level of the third frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the third frame of display data to the conversion unit. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein before performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit, further comprising the method further comprises:
sending a test instruction to the conversion unit to determine whether the conversion unit is able to perform data conversion correctly. 9. A display device, comprising:
a first transmission unit for transmitting data to be displayed to a processing unit in an RGB format after acquiring the data to be displayed; the processing unit for performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format that is transmitted by the first transmission unit; a second transmission unit for transmitting the data to be displayed that is processed by the processing unit to a conversion unit; and the conversion unit for converting the processed data to be displayed into data in an MIPI format that is transmitted by the second transmission unit. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the processing unit comprises:
a first processing module for performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data of a first frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram, wherein the data to be displayed comprises multiple frames of display data; a first mapping module for mapping the histogram corresponding to the first frame of display data to a second frame of display data; a first calculating module for calculating an average gray level of the second frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the first frame of display data and the grayscale data of the second frame of display data; a first reduction module for, when the average gray level of the second frame of display data is greater than a preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the second frame of display data; a first output module for outputting the second frame of display data with the average gray level reduced by the first reduction module; and a second output module for, when the average gray level of the second frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the second frame of display data as it is. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the first processing module comprises:
a conversion sub-module for performing color space conversion on the first frame of display data to convert the data in the RGB format into data in a YUV format; an extraction sub-module for extracting grayscale data from the first frame of display data in the YUV format; a statistical processing sub-module for performing statistical processing on the grayscale data to obtain the histogram; a first processing sub-module for performing an equalization processing on the first frame of display data according to the histogram; and a second processing sub-module for performing an optimization processing on the first frame of display data according to the average grayscale of the equalized first frame of display data. 12. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the first reduction module comprises:
a first calculation sub-module for calculating a target coefficient by dividing the preset gray level threshold by the average gray level; and a second calculation sub-module for calculating a product of the average gray level of the second frame of display data and the target coefficient. 13. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the processing unit further comprises:
a backing-up module for backing up the second frame of display data; a second processing module for performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data of the backed-up second frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram; a second mapping module for mapping the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data to a third frame of display data; a second calculating module for calculating an average gray level of the third frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data and the grayscale data of the backed-up second frame of display data; a second reduction module for, when the average gray level of the third frame of display data is greater than a preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the third frame of display data; a third output module for outputting the third frame of display data with the reduced average gray level; and a fourth output module for, when the average gray level of the third frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the third frame of display data as it is. 14. The display device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a sending unit for sending a test instruction to the conversion unit to determine whether the conversion unit is able to perform data conversion correctly, before the processing unit performs contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format. 15. A display comprising the display device according to claim 9. 16. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program implementing, when executed by a processor, the display method according to claim 1. 17. A display device comprising a storage, a processor and a computer program stored on the storage and capable of running on the processor, the computer program implementing, when executed by the processor, the display method according to claim 1. 18. The method according to claim 3, wherein the performing brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format comprises:
calculating an average gray level of the data to be displayed; comparing the average gray level with a preset gray level threshold and calculating a target coefficient, wherein, when the average gray level is greater than the preset gray level threshold, the target coefficient is equal to a ratio of the preset gray level threshold to the average gray level, and when the average gray level is less than the preset grayscale threshold, the target coefficient is equal to one; and multiplying a gray level value of each pixel in the data to be displayed by the target coefficient. 19. The method according to claim 6, wherein the performing contrast adjustment and brightness adjustment on the data to be displayed in the RGB format by the processing unit further comprises:
backing up the second frame of display data, performing statistical processing to obtain a histogram in relation to grayscale data in the backed-up second frame of display data, and performing an equalization processing on the histogram; mapping the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data to a third frame of display data; calculating an average gray level of the third frame of display data according to the histogram corresponding to the backed-up second frame of display data and the grayscale data of the backed-up second frame of display data; if the average gray level of the third frame of display data is greater than the preset gray level threshold, reducing the average gray level of the third frame of display data, and outputting the third frame of display data with the reduced average gray level to the conversion unit; and if the average gray level of the third frame of display data is less than or equal to the preset gray level threshold, outputting the third frame of display data to the conversion unit. | 2,400 |
345,505 | 16,643,432 | 2,876 | Disclosed herein is a novel invention of Digitalized High Value Paper Currency (DHVPC) and its overall processes for the printing, registration, distribution, recording and monitoring of transactions through a specially designed Online Portal. During the DHVPC registration, opening of additional ledger window with simultaneous automatic generation of a window in the Online Portal of Reserve Bank/Central bank of each nation takes place with automatic updating of transactions of DHVPC. This Invention provides 100% protection from counterfeiting of Paper Currency, monitoring, tracking of currency, blocking of illegal transactions, value protection in unforeseen situations, easiness to carry and handle, faster scanning of currency and improved security. The DHVPC transactions can be done through Commercial and Scheduled Banks or ATM/CDM or Net Banking. Counterfeiting is 100% impossible because, the registration of DHVPC is possible only through Reserve bank/Central bank of each nation, parallel entry of currency into the circulation is not possible. | 1. Here a Digitalized High Value Paper Currency (DHVPC) is introduced, which is a combination of physical currency (paper currency) and its data on the online portal (Digital platform) of the Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation; Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation has to establish a DHVPC department comprising of 4 major cells namely printing cell of DHVPC, Registration cell of DHVPC, Distribution cell of DHVPC, Monitoring cell of DHVPC for prevention of currency counterfeiting and providing for secure monetary transactions between one account holder to another; the methodology consisting of,
printing required DHVPC with the features mainly alpha numeric code; registering the printed DHVPC in the online portal of Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation, registering Commercial and scheduled banks (CSBs) with the online portal of Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation by linking the software module; then CSBs registering the account holders as account holders for DHVPC; Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation distributing the DHVPC after its printing and Registration to CSBs; registering the Account Holders in the online portal of Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation through CSBs; during registration of an account holder, 2nd window of DHVPC is opened by linking to the conventional/main window for facilitating transactions; during purchase of DHVPC debiting value from conventional window and crediting to the DHVPC window; thereby linking each DHVPC with each account holder through mainly DHVPC number (alpha numeric code); thereby converting low value currencies into a single digitalized high value paper currency facilitating easy handling and transportation; during surrender of DHVPC unlinking the DHVPC number from the account holder thereby debiting value from DHVPC window and crediting to the conventional/main account window; during transfer of DHVPC from 1st account holder to 2nd account holder unlinking the DHVPC number from the 1st account holder and linking to the 2nd account holder thereby debiting value from the DHVPC window of 1st account holder and crediting to the DHVPC window of 2nd account holder; linking of the online portal of Reserve bank/central bank of each nation with the CSBs during registration and automatic updating of data in the online portal of Reserve bank/central bank of each nation during each transaction thereby leaving a digital evidence of the same facilitating in the tracking and monitoring of the transactions by the Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation where ATM wise, CDM wise; account holder wise, DHVPC wise monitoring is done by monitoring officials; in transactions—purchase, surrender and transfer between account holders directly through banks, through ATM (by incorporating special trays and software), CDM (by incorporating software), netbanking and in each transaction account holder authentication with authentication of DHVPC with the production of OTP number is done with physical transfer of currency so as to enhance the safety and security of transaction; first entry of each DHVPC using DHVPC number only possible at Reserve Bank or central bank of each nation) by opening an online portal and simultaneous data updating in the online portal so that no counterfeiting takes place; facilitates prevention of hacking in each transaction as transactions are completed only by physical transfer of currency and simultaneous data updating automatically taking place in the online portal of Reserve bank/central bank of each nation; since the DHVPC is registered and then linked with the account holder through DVPC number in the online portal, value protection of the DHVPC in case if lost, stolen or damaged is possible; a 3rd party cant transfer or surrender the lost DHVPC of a DHVPC account holder as 3 level authentication viz account holder authentication with DHVPC number authentication and OTP number generation is needed in case of both surrendering the DHVPC for getting the value and also transferring of DHVPC with physical transfer of DHVPC to complete the process. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation needs to open a new Online Portal with high security software, eg, www.dhvpc.rbi.gov.in.in India, for this DHVPC registration, distribution/circulation and monitoring; Printing cell of the DHVPC department of Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation prints the required DHVPC with alpha numeric code so that so many low value currencies can be converted into one high value currency which facilitates handling among CSB and Reserve or Central Bank officials and customers, easiness in transportation, eco friendliness;
here alpha-Numeric code is the principal identifier of DHVPC transactions, tracking and monitoring; Registration cell of the DHVPC department of Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation will register the DHVPCs in the Online Portal of the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation utilizing the alpha numeric code, after its printing; QR code and bar code can be utilized if needed for added security. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in which the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation acts as the System Administrator and all other Registered Commercial and Scheduled Banks(CSBs) and its branches act as “Registered Banks” and Account Holders as “Individual” or “Corporate”, with designated User ID and password, issued through Commercial and Scheduled Banks, inter banking transactions between 2 or more CSBs and transactions between 2 account holders of different banks/same bank are possible;
for this first the registration of CSB with Online Portal of Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation has to be done;
the Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation will approve the eligible/qualified CSBs and then issue a linking software module which can be linked with the CSB and Online Portal of Reserve Bank/Central bank;
after which CSB can provide DHVPC registration for its account holders; it can access the online portal using user id and password and becomes ready for DHVPC transactions; the Registered Commercial and Scheduled Banks (CSBs) must have a hyperlink in their website to access the online portal for DHVPC transactions and at the same time to form/create a track record of DHVPC transactions and its sources. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Registration of DHVPC utilizing alpha numeric code is possible only through Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation, which will be helping in preventing counterfeiting. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Counterfeiting of DHVPC is not at all possible, since the first entry of the currency can be done only by the Reserve bank or Central bank in each nation, after this the high value currency can be used for transaction, but every time, the data will be updated automatically in the Online Portal and no parallel entry of data of fake currency is possible at any point from anywhere in the system. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each and every time, the Digitalized High Value Paper Currency has a registered Account holder, unlike other currency, either a party or organization or bank which helps in tracking the transaction. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distribution cell of DHVPC of Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation can distribute the DHVPC to the Registered CSBs through the Online Portal, after registration of DHVPCs and physically transfer the currency to the CSBs. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of DHVPC registration of account holder is described, wherein after the linking of the software module, the CSBs can do registration of Account Holders, during which an additional Ledger Window (DHVPC Window) will be generated in addition to the main account of account holder, where all DHVPC transactions are recorded so that debiting from the main window and crediting to the DHVPC window and vice versa can be done for facilitating transactions and a similar window will be generated automatically in the Online Portal of Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation for the account holder so that automatic updating of transactions of DHVPC (purchase, surrender, and transfer) takes place; thereby account holder will become a registered Account holder for DHVPC and Account is now ready for DHVPC transactions. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DHVPC Holder can do DHVPC transactions (purchase, surrender, transfer) to another registered DHVPC account holder of the same bank/different bank after accessing Online Portal through CSB, ATM/CDM or Net banking and at the same time data will be updated automatically on the Online Portal of Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of purchase of DHVPC through ATMs is described, wherein the registered users can purchase the DHVPC from the ATMs having facility for the issue of DHVPC by incorporating soft ware and special trays;
here 3 level authentication viz first level of account holder authentication using ATM pin and selection of purchase option from the menu and entering requirement like DHVPC values and numbers followed by verification with account balance; if there is sufficient balance, confirmation of transaction through OTP number which becomes the 2nd level of authentication followed by the issuance of DHVPC with DHVPC number unique to the customers which forms the 3rd level of authentication after debiting the value from the main account window and crediting to the DHVPC window. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of purchase of DHVPC through the CSBs is described, wherein the Account Holders can purchase the DHVPC from home Bank during which the value will be debited from the main account and credited to the concerned DHVPC Account;
here 3 level authentication of account holder viz first level of account holder authentication using account details and selection of purchase option from the menu and entering requirement like DHVPC values and numbers followed by verification with account balance by the CSB officials; if there is sufficient balance, confirmation of transaction through OTP number which becomes the 2nd level of authentication followed by the issuance of DHVPC with DHVPC number unique to the customers which forms the 3rd level of authentication after debiting the value from the main account window and crediting to the DHVPC window. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of surrendering of DHVPC is described, wherein the account holder can also surrender DHVPC to CSBs/CDMs having DHVPC accepting facility during which the value will be debited from the DHVPC account and credited to the main Account;
here 3 level authentication of account holder viz first level of account holder authentication using account details by either CSB officials if done through CSB or by using ATM pin by the account holder if done through CDM and selection of surrender option from the menu with 2nd level of authentication by verifying the authenticity of DHVPC Number with the account holder by the CSB officials; 3rd level of authentication of account holder by confirmation of transaction through OTP number; then debiting the value from the DHVPC window and crediting to the main window. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of transfer of DHVPC is described wherein the Account Holders can physically transfer the DHVPC to any other Account Holder through Banks, ATM/CDM or Netbanking, during which the value will be debited from the DHVPC Account of 1st Party and will be credited to the DHVPC Account of 2nd Party;
here 3 level authentication viz first level of account holder authentication using account details by either CSB officials if done through CSB or by using ATM by the account holder 1 if done through ATM/CDM; the 1st level of account holder authentication if done through netbanking by using user id and password; after first level authentication, selection of transfer option from the menu with 2nd level of authentication by verifying the authenticity of DHVPC Number with the account holder; next the authentication of account holder 2 by using account details; then 3rd level authentication of account holder 1 with OTP number confirmation of transaction; then debiting from the DHVPC window of the account holder one and crediting to the DHVPC window of account holder 2; then if done through CSB, the officials witnessing the physical transfer of DHVPC and update the data; if through ATM/CDM/through netbanking done by the 2 account holders they have to physically transfer the DHVPC/DHVPCs; can be done only when the 2 account holders are together and transaction gets completed only with the physical transfer of the currency from one account holder to another which prevents the online hacking. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the value of DHVPC will be protected at each and every time unlike the conventional currency transaction. 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of getting DHVPC or value in case of currency being stolen, lost or damaged by fire is described, where in, in the case of currency being stolen, lost or damaged by fire or any other unforeseen situation, the currency holder will not be losing its value and it will be there with a reasonable penalty or administrative expenses. eg. 1% of its printed value and the value can be credited to their main Account after debiting the penalty or get a new DHVPC;
the CSB officials after accessing the online portal do the first level of authentication of the account holder by using his account details report as either lost or stolen or found and then selecting the option of either lost or stolen or damaged by fire; also 2nd level of authentication by using DHVPC number and 3rd level of authentication by OTP number authentication can also be done; if DHVCPC holder only likes to get the value, CSB can debit the value from the DHVPC account and credit to the main account; if DHVCPC holder likes to get new DHVPC after getting the value, CSB officials will verify the account balance with the requirements and accordingly issue another DHVPC; simultaneously value will get debited from the main window and credited to the DHVPC window. 16. The method as claimed in claim 1, the over-all process/steps involved in the situation when a third party gets the lost DHVPC is described, wherein in the case of currency being stolen, lost or damaged by fire or any other unforeseen situation, a third party can't use the stolen or lost currency, but if one gets such a currency, he can hand over the same to the nearest branch of any bank and the branch can give a reward to him; third party can't use this DHVPC as he can't do 3 level authentication; that is he/she can't do authentication of account details, authentication of DHVPC number with the account holder and also authentication through OTP;
CSB officials access the online portal and then after verifying the authenticity of DHVPC report the same after selecting the option of found from the menu after verifying with the existing report if any; also the details of person who has found the same is also recorded; if the value/new DHVPC is not got by the account holder when the same is lost, the DHVPC will be handed over to the owner or the account holder in case the CSB is the home branch; if the same CSB is not the home branch has to give to the home branch. 17. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein through this method, the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation can review/foresee/monitor the currency flow, currency density/concentration in their country at any point of time from anywhere Zonal-wise, State wise, Regional-wise, District wise etc and the Reserve Bank or the Central Bank of each Nation can monitor the DHVPC transactions CSB wise or ATM/CDM wise or Net banking wise or DHVPC wise or Account holder wise. 18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Registered Commercial and Scheduled Banks can monitor its currency Holders at any point of time from anywhere. 19. The method as claimed in claim 1, the over-all process/steps involved in the monitoring of DHVPC transactions through CSB, wherein, the monitoring of DHVPC transactions can be done by the authorized officials in the Monitoring Cell/Department of the Reserve Bank of India or Central Bank of each Nation who can access the online portal for monitoring using their official user ID and password;
from the monitoring window, the officials have to select the “Transaction Mode through CSB; after that the monitoring officials can select the name of CSB from the list of CSB's; then the particular branch of CSB and then the duration to be monitored; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; If requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 20. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions through ATM/CDM is described wherein, the monitoring officials can access the online portal utilizing user id and password and then select the “Transactions through ATM/CDM” of monitoring window; then select the ‘State/Region’ from the list, then District, then the name of the CSB of ATM/CDM, then select ‘Display the list of ATM/CDM, from that list select the particular ATM/CDM and then enter the duration, then the result will be displayed; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 21. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions through ATM/CDM is described, wherein, the monitoring officials can access the online portal utilizing user id and password if the ID of a particular ATM/CDM is known, then directly enter the ID of the ATM/CDM, then enter the duration, then the result will be displayed; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 22. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions through Net banking is described, wherein the monitoring officials after accessing the online portal utilizing user id and password can select the Transactions “through Net banking” of monitoring window; the monitoring officials then can select the name of the CSB through which Net banking has taken place and then the State/Region of CSB, then the district and then the duration to be monitored; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 23. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions DHVPC wise is described, wherein, the monitoring officials after accessing the online portal utilizing user id and password can select the Transactions “DHVPC wise” of monitoring window; then enter the details of the DHVPC, and then the details of all transactions of that particular DHVPC will be displayed; from those details, the monitoring officials can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 24. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions Account holder wise is described wherein, the monitoring officials after accessing the online portal utilizing user id and password can select the “Transactions Account holder wise” of monitoring window; then enter the details of the Account holder (customer), like name and Account number; then enter the duration, and then the result will be displayed; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 25. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transactions of each and every DHVPC can be tracked, because every transaction leaving a digital evidence of the same, through which tracking is possible and the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation can block any number of persons or organizations from this transaction, this will help to unearth various unauthorized and illegal activities using currency. 26. The methods as claimed in claim 1, wherein using the same process/methods, the Low Value Paper Currencies can also be digitalized, like 500, 1000, 2000 etc. . . . , so, its fake currencies/counterfeits can be controlled. | Disclosed herein is a novel invention of Digitalized High Value Paper Currency (DHVPC) and its overall processes for the printing, registration, distribution, recording and monitoring of transactions through a specially designed Online Portal. During the DHVPC registration, opening of additional ledger window with simultaneous automatic generation of a window in the Online Portal of Reserve Bank/Central bank of each nation takes place with automatic updating of transactions of DHVPC. This Invention provides 100% protection from counterfeiting of Paper Currency, monitoring, tracking of currency, blocking of illegal transactions, value protection in unforeseen situations, easiness to carry and handle, faster scanning of currency and improved security. The DHVPC transactions can be done through Commercial and Scheduled Banks or ATM/CDM or Net Banking. Counterfeiting is 100% impossible because, the registration of DHVPC is possible only through Reserve bank/Central bank of each nation, parallel entry of currency into the circulation is not possible.1. Here a Digitalized High Value Paper Currency (DHVPC) is introduced, which is a combination of physical currency (paper currency) and its data on the online portal (Digital platform) of the Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation; Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation has to establish a DHVPC department comprising of 4 major cells namely printing cell of DHVPC, Registration cell of DHVPC, Distribution cell of DHVPC, Monitoring cell of DHVPC for prevention of currency counterfeiting and providing for secure monetary transactions between one account holder to another; the methodology consisting of,
printing required DHVPC with the features mainly alpha numeric code; registering the printed DHVPC in the online portal of Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation, registering Commercial and scheduled banks (CSBs) with the online portal of Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation by linking the software module; then CSBs registering the account holders as account holders for DHVPC; Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation distributing the DHVPC after its printing and Registration to CSBs; registering the Account Holders in the online portal of Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation through CSBs; during registration of an account holder, 2nd window of DHVPC is opened by linking to the conventional/main window for facilitating transactions; during purchase of DHVPC debiting value from conventional window and crediting to the DHVPC window; thereby linking each DHVPC with each account holder through mainly DHVPC number (alpha numeric code); thereby converting low value currencies into a single digitalized high value paper currency facilitating easy handling and transportation; during surrender of DHVPC unlinking the DHVPC number from the account holder thereby debiting value from DHVPC window and crediting to the conventional/main account window; during transfer of DHVPC from 1st account holder to 2nd account holder unlinking the DHVPC number from the 1st account holder and linking to the 2nd account holder thereby debiting value from the DHVPC window of 1st account holder and crediting to the DHVPC window of 2nd account holder; linking of the online portal of Reserve bank/central bank of each nation with the CSBs during registration and automatic updating of data in the online portal of Reserve bank/central bank of each nation during each transaction thereby leaving a digital evidence of the same facilitating in the tracking and monitoring of the transactions by the Reserve Bank or Central bank of each nation where ATM wise, CDM wise; account holder wise, DHVPC wise monitoring is done by monitoring officials; in transactions—purchase, surrender and transfer between account holders directly through banks, through ATM (by incorporating special trays and software), CDM (by incorporating software), netbanking and in each transaction account holder authentication with authentication of DHVPC with the production of OTP number is done with physical transfer of currency so as to enhance the safety and security of transaction; first entry of each DHVPC using DHVPC number only possible at Reserve Bank or central bank of each nation) by opening an online portal and simultaneous data updating in the online portal so that no counterfeiting takes place; facilitates prevention of hacking in each transaction as transactions are completed only by physical transfer of currency and simultaneous data updating automatically taking place in the online portal of Reserve bank/central bank of each nation; since the DHVPC is registered and then linked with the account holder through DVPC number in the online portal, value protection of the DHVPC in case if lost, stolen or damaged is possible; a 3rd party cant transfer or surrender the lost DHVPC of a DHVPC account holder as 3 level authentication viz account holder authentication with DHVPC number authentication and OTP number generation is needed in case of both surrendering the DHVPC for getting the value and also transferring of DHVPC with physical transfer of DHVPC to complete the process. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation needs to open a new Online Portal with high security software, eg, www.dhvpc.rbi.gov.in.in India, for this DHVPC registration, distribution/circulation and monitoring; Printing cell of the DHVPC department of Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation prints the required DHVPC with alpha numeric code so that so many low value currencies can be converted into one high value currency which facilitates handling among CSB and Reserve or Central Bank officials and customers, easiness in transportation, eco friendliness;
here alpha-Numeric code is the principal identifier of DHVPC transactions, tracking and monitoring; Registration cell of the DHVPC department of Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation will register the DHVPCs in the Online Portal of the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation utilizing the alpha numeric code, after its printing; QR code and bar code can be utilized if needed for added security. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in which the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation acts as the System Administrator and all other Registered Commercial and Scheduled Banks(CSBs) and its branches act as “Registered Banks” and Account Holders as “Individual” or “Corporate”, with designated User ID and password, issued through Commercial and Scheduled Banks, inter banking transactions between 2 or more CSBs and transactions between 2 account holders of different banks/same bank are possible;
for this first the registration of CSB with Online Portal of Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation has to be done;
the Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation will approve the eligible/qualified CSBs and then issue a linking software module which can be linked with the CSB and Online Portal of Reserve Bank/Central bank;
after which CSB can provide DHVPC registration for its account holders; it can access the online portal using user id and password and becomes ready for DHVPC transactions; the Registered Commercial and Scheduled Banks (CSBs) must have a hyperlink in their website to access the online portal for DHVPC transactions and at the same time to form/create a track record of DHVPC transactions and its sources. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Registration of DHVPC utilizing alpha numeric code is possible only through Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation, which will be helping in preventing counterfeiting. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Counterfeiting of DHVPC is not at all possible, since the first entry of the currency can be done only by the Reserve bank or Central bank in each nation, after this the high value currency can be used for transaction, but every time, the data will be updated automatically in the Online Portal and no parallel entry of data of fake currency is possible at any point from anywhere in the system. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each and every time, the Digitalized High Value Paper Currency has a registered Account holder, unlike other currency, either a party or organization or bank which helps in tracking the transaction. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distribution cell of DHVPC of Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation can distribute the DHVPC to the Registered CSBs through the Online Portal, after registration of DHVPCs and physically transfer the currency to the CSBs. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of DHVPC registration of account holder is described, wherein after the linking of the software module, the CSBs can do registration of Account Holders, during which an additional Ledger Window (DHVPC Window) will be generated in addition to the main account of account holder, where all DHVPC transactions are recorded so that debiting from the main window and crediting to the DHVPC window and vice versa can be done for facilitating transactions and a similar window will be generated automatically in the Online Portal of Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation for the account holder so that automatic updating of transactions of DHVPC (purchase, surrender, and transfer) takes place; thereby account holder will become a registered Account holder for DHVPC and Account is now ready for DHVPC transactions. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DHVPC Holder can do DHVPC transactions (purchase, surrender, transfer) to another registered DHVPC account holder of the same bank/different bank after accessing Online Portal through CSB, ATM/CDM or Net banking and at the same time data will be updated automatically on the Online Portal of Reserve Bank or Central Bank of each nation. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of purchase of DHVPC through ATMs is described, wherein the registered users can purchase the DHVPC from the ATMs having facility for the issue of DHVPC by incorporating soft ware and special trays;
here 3 level authentication viz first level of account holder authentication using ATM pin and selection of purchase option from the menu and entering requirement like DHVPC values and numbers followed by verification with account balance; if there is sufficient balance, confirmation of transaction through OTP number which becomes the 2nd level of authentication followed by the issuance of DHVPC with DHVPC number unique to the customers which forms the 3rd level of authentication after debiting the value from the main account window and crediting to the DHVPC window. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of purchase of DHVPC through the CSBs is described, wherein the Account Holders can purchase the DHVPC from home Bank during which the value will be debited from the main account and credited to the concerned DHVPC Account;
here 3 level authentication of account holder viz first level of account holder authentication using account details and selection of purchase option from the menu and entering requirement like DHVPC values and numbers followed by verification with account balance by the CSB officials; if there is sufficient balance, confirmation of transaction through OTP number which becomes the 2nd level of authentication followed by the issuance of DHVPC with DHVPC number unique to the customers which forms the 3rd level of authentication after debiting the value from the main account window and crediting to the DHVPC window. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of surrendering of DHVPC is described, wherein the account holder can also surrender DHVPC to CSBs/CDMs having DHVPC accepting facility during which the value will be debited from the DHVPC account and credited to the main Account;
here 3 level authentication of account holder viz first level of account holder authentication using account details by either CSB officials if done through CSB or by using ATM pin by the account holder if done through CDM and selection of surrender option from the menu with 2nd level of authentication by verifying the authenticity of DHVPC Number with the account holder by the CSB officials; 3rd level of authentication of account holder by confirmation of transaction through OTP number; then debiting the value from the DHVPC window and crediting to the main window. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of transfer of DHVPC is described wherein the Account Holders can physically transfer the DHVPC to any other Account Holder through Banks, ATM/CDM or Netbanking, during which the value will be debited from the DHVPC Account of 1st Party and will be credited to the DHVPC Account of 2nd Party;
here 3 level authentication viz first level of account holder authentication using account details by either CSB officials if done through CSB or by using ATM by the account holder 1 if done through ATM/CDM; the 1st level of account holder authentication if done through netbanking by using user id and password; after first level authentication, selection of transfer option from the menu with 2nd level of authentication by verifying the authenticity of DHVPC Number with the account holder; next the authentication of account holder 2 by using account details; then 3rd level authentication of account holder 1 with OTP number confirmation of transaction; then debiting from the DHVPC window of the account holder one and crediting to the DHVPC window of account holder 2; then if done through CSB, the officials witnessing the physical transfer of DHVPC and update the data; if through ATM/CDM/through netbanking done by the 2 account holders they have to physically transfer the DHVPC/DHVPCs; can be done only when the 2 account holders are together and transaction gets completed only with the physical transfer of the currency from one account holder to another which prevents the online hacking. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the value of DHVPC will be protected at each and every time unlike the conventional currency transaction. 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of getting DHVPC or value in case of currency being stolen, lost or damaged by fire is described, where in, in the case of currency being stolen, lost or damaged by fire or any other unforeseen situation, the currency holder will not be losing its value and it will be there with a reasonable penalty or administrative expenses. eg. 1% of its printed value and the value can be credited to their main Account after debiting the penalty or get a new DHVPC;
the CSB officials after accessing the online portal do the first level of authentication of the account holder by using his account details report as either lost or stolen or found and then selecting the option of either lost or stolen or damaged by fire; also 2nd level of authentication by using DHVPC number and 3rd level of authentication by OTP number authentication can also be done; if DHVCPC holder only likes to get the value, CSB can debit the value from the DHVPC account and credit to the main account; if DHVCPC holder likes to get new DHVPC after getting the value, CSB officials will verify the account balance with the requirements and accordingly issue another DHVPC; simultaneously value will get debited from the main window and credited to the DHVPC window. 16. The method as claimed in claim 1, the over-all process/steps involved in the situation when a third party gets the lost DHVPC is described, wherein in the case of currency being stolen, lost or damaged by fire or any other unforeseen situation, a third party can't use the stolen or lost currency, but if one gets such a currency, he can hand over the same to the nearest branch of any bank and the branch can give a reward to him; third party can't use this DHVPC as he can't do 3 level authentication; that is he/she can't do authentication of account details, authentication of DHVPC number with the account holder and also authentication through OTP;
CSB officials access the online portal and then after verifying the authenticity of DHVPC report the same after selecting the option of found from the menu after verifying with the existing report if any; also the details of person who has found the same is also recorded; if the value/new DHVPC is not got by the account holder when the same is lost, the DHVPC will be handed over to the owner or the account holder in case the CSB is the home branch; if the same CSB is not the home branch has to give to the home branch. 17. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein through this method, the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation can review/foresee/monitor the currency flow, currency density/concentration in their country at any point of time from anywhere Zonal-wise, State wise, Regional-wise, District wise etc and the Reserve Bank or the Central Bank of each Nation can monitor the DHVPC transactions CSB wise or ATM/CDM wise or Net banking wise or DHVPC wise or Account holder wise. 18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Registered Commercial and Scheduled Banks can monitor its currency Holders at any point of time from anywhere. 19. The method as claimed in claim 1, the over-all process/steps involved in the monitoring of DHVPC transactions through CSB, wherein, the monitoring of DHVPC transactions can be done by the authorized officials in the Monitoring Cell/Department of the Reserve Bank of India or Central Bank of each Nation who can access the online portal for monitoring using their official user ID and password;
from the monitoring window, the officials have to select the “Transaction Mode through CSB; after that the monitoring officials can select the name of CSB from the list of CSB's; then the particular branch of CSB and then the duration to be monitored; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; If requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 20. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions through ATM/CDM is described wherein, the monitoring officials can access the online portal utilizing user id and password and then select the “Transactions through ATM/CDM” of monitoring window; then select the ‘State/Region’ from the list, then District, then the name of the CSB of ATM/CDM, then select ‘Display the list of ATM/CDM, from that list select the particular ATM/CDM and then enter the duration, then the result will be displayed; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 21. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions through ATM/CDM is described, wherein, the monitoring officials can access the online portal utilizing user id and password if the ID of a particular ATM/CDM is known, then directly enter the ID of the ATM/CDM, then enter the duration, then the result will be displayed; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 22. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions through Net banking is described, wherein the monitoring officials after accessing the online portal utilizing user id and password can select the Transactions “through Net banking” of monitoring window; the monitoring officials then can select the name of the CSB through which Net banking has taken place and then the State/Region of CSB, then the district and then the duration to be monitored; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 23. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions DHVPC wise is described, wherein, the monitoring officials after accessing the online portal utilizing user id and password can select the Transactions “DHVPC wise” of monitoring window; then enter the details of the DHVPC, and then the details of all transactions of that particular DHVPC will be displayed; from those details, the monitoring officials can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 24. The method as claimed in claim 1, the process of monitoring of transactions Account holder wise is described wherein, the monitoring officials after accessing the online portal utilizing user id and password can select the “Transactions Account holder wise” of monitoring window; then enter the details of the Account holder (customer), like name and Account number; then enter the duration, and then the result will be displayed; after displaying the transactions in a particular duration, the monitoring official can select particular transaction for details, if he wants; if requires, a report can be generated at any point of monitoring process. 25. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transactions of each and every DHVPC can be tracked, because every transaction leaving a digital evidence of the same, through which tracking is possible and the Reserve bank or Central bank of each nation can block any number of persons or organizations from this transaction, this will help to unearth various unauthorized and illegal activities using currency. 26. The methods as claimed in claim 1, wherein using the same process/methods, the Low Value Paper Currencies can also be digitalized, like 500, 1000, 2000 etc. . . . , so, its fake currencies/counterfeits can be controlled. | 2,800 |
345,506 | 16,643,444 | 2,454 | Reliability with which a control device at a transmission destination can receive data is improved. In a communication system in which a plurality of control devices for factory automation are connected to a network, a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type. Each of the control devices includes: a data storage unit in which control data is stored; a publisher unit that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher unit itself to other control devices than the control device; and a subscriber unit that receives data from each of the other control devices. When a state of each of the other control devices that is received by the subscriber unit satisfies a reception allowing condition, the publisher unit transmits the control data of the control device of the publisher unit itself. | 1. A communication system in which a plurality of control devices for controlling factory automation are connected to a network, wherein
a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of other control devices than the control device; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of the other control devices,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and when a state of each of the other control devices that is received by the subscriber module satisfies a reception allowing condition that is different for each of the types of control data, the publisher module transmits the control data of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of the other control devices. 2. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. 3. (canceled) 4. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the reception allowing condition includes an operation using a value shown by the state. 5. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the publisher module cyclically transmits the state. 6. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the publisher module transmits a notification when the publisher module receives the control data from at least one of the other control devices. 7. A setting device that sets information in each of a plurality of control devices connectable to a network of factory automation, wherein
a communication protocol between a control device and other control devices among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of the other control devices; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of the other control devices,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and the setting device includes a setting module that sets a reception allowing condition of the control data that is to be received by the subscriber module of each of the other control devices such that the reception allowing condition is different for each of the types of control data and includes a state received from each of the other control devices. 8. The setting device according to claim 7, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. 9. The setting device according to claim 7, further comprising an operation accepting module that accepts a user operation for the setting device, wherein
the setting device sets the reception allowing condition based on a content of the user operation accepted. 10. (canceled) 11. The setting device according to claim 7, wherein the reception allowing condition includes an operation using a value shown by the state. 12. A control device applied to a communication system in which a plurality of control devices for controlling factory automation are connected to a network, wherein
a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of other control devices than the control device; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of the other control devices,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and when a state of each of the other control devices that is received by the subscriber module satisfies a reception allowing condition that is different for each of the types of control data, the publisher module transmits the control data of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of the other control devices. 13. The control device according to claim 12, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. 14. A setting method of setting information in each of a plurality of control devices connectable to a network of factory automation, wherein
a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of other control devices than the control device,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and the setting method comprises:
by a processor, accepting a user operation for the processor; and
by the processor, by using a content of the user operation, setting a reception allowing condition of the control data that is to be received by the subscriber module of each of the other control devices such that the reception allowing condition is different for each of the types of control data and includes a state received from each of the other control devices. 15. The setting method according to claim 14, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a method, the method of setting information in each of a plurality of control devices connectable to a network of factory automation, wherein
a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of other control devices than the control device,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and the method comprises:
by a processor, accepting a user operation for the processor; and
by the processor, by using a content of the user operation, setting a reception allowing condition of the control data that is to be received by the subscriber module of each of the other control devices such that the reception allowing condition is different for each of the types of control data and includes a state received from each of the other control devices. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. | Reliability with which a control device at a transmission destination can receive data is improved. In a communication system in which a plurality of control devices for factory automation are connected to a network, a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type. Each of the control devices includes: a data storage unit in which control data is stored; a publisher unit that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher unit itself to other control devices than the control device; and a subscriber unit that receives data from each of the other control devices. When a state of each of the other control devices that is received by the subscriber unit satisfies a reception allowing condition, the publisher unit transmits the control data of the control device of the publisher unit itself.1. A communication system in which a plurality of control devices for controlling factory automation are connected to a network, wherein
a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of other control devices than the control device; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of the other control devices,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and when a state of each of the other control devices that is received by the subscriber module satisfies a reception allowing condition that is different for each of the types of control data, the publisher module transmits the control data of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of the other control devices. 2. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. 3. (canceled) 4. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the reception allowing condition includes an operation using a value shown by the state. 5. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the publisher module cyclically transmits the state. 6. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the publisher module transmits a notification when the publisher module receives the control data from at least one of the other control devices. 7. A setting device that sets information in each of a plurality of control devices connectable to a network of factory automation, wherein
a communication protocol between a control device and other control devices among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of the other control devices; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of the other control devices,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and the setting device includes a setting module that sets a reception allowing condition of the control data that is to be received by the subscriber module of each of the other control devices such that the reception allowing condition is different for each of the types of control data and includes a state received from each of the other control devices. 8. The setting device according to claim 7, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. 9. The setting device according to claim 7, further comprising an operation accepting module that accepts a user operation for the setting device, wherein
the setting device sets the reception allowing condition based on a content of the user operation accepted. 10. (canceled) 11. The setting device according to claim 7, wherein the reception allowing condition includes an operation using a value shown by the state. 12. A control device applied to a communication system in which a plurality of control devices for controlling factory automation are connected to a network, wherein
a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of other control devices than the control device; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of the other control devices,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and when a state of each of the other control devices that is received by the subscriber module satisfies a reception allowing condition that is different for each of the types of control data, the publisher module transmits the control data of the control device of the publisher module itself to each of the other control devices. 13. The control device according to claim 12, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. 14. A setting method of setting information in each of a plurality of control devices connectable to a network of factory automation, wherein
a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of other control devices than the control device,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and the setting method comprises:
by a processor, accepting a user operation for the processor; and
by the processor, by using a content of the user operation, setting a reception allowing condition of the control data that is to be received by the subscriber module of each of the other control devices such that the reception allowing condition is different for each of the types of control data and includes a state received from each of the other control devices. 15. The setting method according to claim 14, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a method, the method of setting information in each of a plurality of control devices connectable to a network of factory automation, wherein
a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type, each of the control devices includes:
a data storage in which control data of the factory automation is stored;
a publisher module that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher module itself; and
a subscriber module that receives data from each of other control devices than the control device,
the control data includes a plurality of types of control data, and the method comprises:
by a processor, accepting a user operation for the processor; and
by the processor, by using a content of the user operation, setting a reception allowing condition of the control data that is to be received by the subscriber module of each of the other control devices such that the reception allowing condition is different for each of the types of control data and includes a state received from each of the other control devices. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein
the control data in the data storage is updated in a predetermined cycle, and among the types of control data, the publisher module transmits one or more types of control data conforming to a predetermined setting in synchronization with the predetermined cycle. | 2,400 |
345,507 | 16,643,441 | 2,454 | A flow control nozzle for regulating flow of fluid into a pipe comprises a body having a portion that is adapted to be received within an opening in the pipe, wherein the body includes a channel extending from an inlet to an outlet opening into the pipe. The channel includes a first section extending from the inlet and a second section extending to the outlet, wherein the first and second sections are connected at an elbow and wherein the first section has a constant cross-sectional area and the second section has a diverging cross-sectional area. An apparatus comprising the nozzle and a base pipe and a screen is also described. | 1. A flow control nozzle adapted to be provided on an outer surface of a pipe, the pipe having at least one aperture extending through the pipe wall, the nozzle being adapted to regulate flow of fluid through the aperture on the pipe, the nozzle comprising:
a body having first and second surfaces, first and second sides, and front and rear ends; the body having a channel for conducting the fluid there-through, wherein the channel provides fluid communication between a first opening provided on the front end and a second opening provided on the second surface the second opening being adapted to be in fluid communication with the aperture; the channel having a first section extending from the first opening and a second section extending to the second opening, the first and second sections being connected at an elbow, wherein the longitudinal axis of the first section is angled with respect to the longitudinal axis of the second section; the first section of the channel having a first cross-sectional area and the second section of the channel having a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is greater than the first cross sectional area. 2. The flow control nozzle of claim 1, wherein the first section of the channel has a constant cross-sectional area. 3. The flow control nozzle of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first section of the channel has a longitudinal axis that is parallel with a longitudinal axis of the body or is at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the body. 4. The flow control nozzle of claim 3, wherein the first section of the channel is provided at an angle of between about 0° and about 25° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 5. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein second section of the channel has a cross-sectional area that increases in a direction from the elbow to the second opening. 6. The flow control nozzle of claim 5, wherein the second section of the channel has a conical profile. 7. The flow control nozzle of claim 6, wherein the second opening is elliptical. 8. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein second section of the channel has a constant cross-sectional area along its length. 9. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second section of the channel has a longitudinal axis that is angled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the body. 10. The flow control nozzle of claim 9, wherein the longitudinal axis is provided at an angle between about 3° and about 12° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 11. The flow control nozzle of claim 9, wherein the longitudinal axis is provided at an angle between about 8° and about 10° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 12. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the second surface includes an extension portion adapted to be received within the aperture on the pipe and wherein the second opening is provided in the extension portion. 13. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the second surface is adapted to be received within a recess provided on the outer surface of the pipe. 14. An apparatus for controlling flow of fluids to or from a subterranean reservoir, the apparatus comprising:
a base pipe for communicating the fluids to or from the reservoir, the base pipe having at least one aperture extending through the wall thereof; a screen for filtering the fluids, the screen provided on the outer surface of the base pipe, the screen having at least one opening proximal to the aperture; at least one collar provided over the base pipe and adapted to secure the screen to the base pipe; and, a nozzle comprising:
a body having first and second surfaces, first and second sides, and front and rear ends;
the body having a channel for conducting the fluid there-through, wherein the channel provides fluid communication between a first opening provided on the front end and a second opening provided on the second surface the second opening being adapted to be in fluid communication with the aperture on the base pipe;
the channel having a first section extending from the first opening and a second section extending to the second opening, the first and second sections being connected at an elbow, wherein the longitudinal axis of the first section is angled with respect to the longitudinal axis of the second section;
the first section of the channel having a first cross-sectional area and the second section of the channel having a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is greater than the first cross sectional area;
the nozzle being positioned between the at least one opening of the screen and the aperture on the base pipe and wherein the nozzle is positioned beneath the collar. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first section of the channel has a constant cross-sectional area. 16. The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, wherein the first section of the channel has a longitudinal axis that is parallel with a longitudinal axis of the body or is at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the body. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first section of the channel is provided at an angle of between about 0° and about 25° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 18. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein second section of the channel has a cross-sectional area that increases in a direction from the elbow to the second opening. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the second section of the channel has a conical profile. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second opening is elliptical. 21. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein second section of the channel has a constant cross-sectional area along its length. 22. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the second section of the channel has a longitudinal axis that is angled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the body. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the longitudinal axis is provided at an angle between about 3° and about 12° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the longitudinal axis is provided at an angle between about 8° and about 10° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 25. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the second surface includes an extension portion adapted to be received within the aperture on the base pipe and wherein the second opening is provided in the extension portion. 26. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the second surface is adapted to be received within a recess provided on the outer surface of the base pipe and surrounding the aperture. | A flow control nozzle for regulating flow of fluid into a pipe comprises a body having a portion that is adapted to be received within an opening in the pipe, wherein the body includes a channel extending from an inlet to an outlet opening into the pipe. The channel includes a first section extending from the inlet and a second section extending to the outlet, wherein the first and second sections are connected at an elbow and wherein the first section has a constant cross-sectional area and the second section has a diverging cross-sectional area. An apparatus comprising the nozzle and a base pipe and a screen is also described.1. A flow control nozzle adapted to be provided on an outer surface of a pipe, the pipe having at least one aperture extending through the pipe wall, the nozzle being adapted to regulate flow of fluid through the aperture on the pipe, the nozzle comprising:
a body having first and second surfaces, first and second sides, and front and rear ends; the body having a channel for conducting the fluid there-through, wherein the channel provides fluid communication between a first opening provided on the front end and a second opening provided on the second surface the second opening being adapted to be in fluid communication with the aperture; the channel having a first section extending from the first opening and a second section extending to the second opening, the first and second sections being connected at an elbow, wherein the longitudinal axis of the first section is angled with respect to the longitudinal axis of the second section; the first section of the channel having a first cross-sectional area and the second section of the channel having a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is greater than the first cross sectional area. 2. The flow control nozzle of claim 1, wherein the first section of the channel has a constant cross-sectional area. 3. The flow control nozzle of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first section of the channel has a longitudinal axis that is parallel with a longitudinal axis of the body or is at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the body. 4. The flow control nozzle of claim 3, wherein the first section of the channel is provided at an angle of between about 0° and about 25° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 5. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein second section of the channel has a cross-sectional area that increases in a direction from the elbow to the second opening. 6. The flow control nozzle of claim 5, wherein the second section of the channel has a conical profile. 7. The flow control nozzle of claim 6, wherein the second opening is elliptical. 8. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein second section of the channel has a constant cross-sectional area along its length. 9. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second section of the channel has a longitudinal axis that is angled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the body. 10. The flow control nozzle of claim 9, wherein the longitudinal axis is provided at an angle between about 3° and about 12° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 11. The flow control nozzle of claim 9, wherein the longitudinal axis is provided at an angle between about 8° and about 10° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 12. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the second surface includes an extension portion adapted to be received within the aperture on the pipe and wherein the second opening is provided in the extension portion. 13. The flow control nozzle of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the second surface is adapted to be received within a recess provided on the outer surface of the pipe. 14. An apparatus for controlling flow of fluids to or from a subterranean reservoir, the apparatus comprising:
a base pipe for communicating the fluids to or from the reservoir, the base pipe having at least one aperture extending through the wall thereof; a screen for filtering the fluids, the screen provided on the outer surface of the base pipe, the screen having at least one opening proximal to the aperture; at least one collar provided over the base pipe and adapted to secure the screen to the base pipe; and, a nozzle comprising:
a body having first and second surfaces, first and second sides, and front and rear ends;
the body having a channel for conducting the fluid there-through, wherein the channel provides fluid communication between a first opening provided on the front end and a second opening provided on the second surface the second opening being adapted to be in fluid communication with the aperture on the base pipe;
the channel having a first section extending from the first opening and a second section extending to the second opening, the first and second sections being connected at an elbow, wherein the longitudinal axis of the first section is angled with respect to the longitudinal axis of the second section;
the first section of the channel having a first cross-sectional area and the second section of the channel having a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is greater than the first cross sectional area;
the nozzle being positioned between the at least one opening of the screen and the aperture on the base pipe and wherein the nozzle is positioned beneath the collar. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first section of the channel has a constant cross-sectional area. 16. The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, wherein the first section of the channel has a longitudinal axis that is parallel with a longitudinal axis of the body or is at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the body. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first section of the channel is provided at an angle of between about 0° and about 25° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 18. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein second section of the channel has a cross-sectional area that increases in a direction from the elbow to the second opening. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the second section of the channel has a conical profile. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second opening is elliptical. 21. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein second section of the channel has a constant cross-sectional area along its length. 22. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the second section of the channel has a longitudinal axis that is angled with respect to a longitudinal axis of the body. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the longitudinal axis is provided at an angle between about 3° and about 12° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the longitudinal axis is provided at an angle between about 8° and about 10° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body. 25. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the second surface includes an extension portion adapted to be received within the aperture on the base pipe and wherein the second opening is provided in the extension portion. 26. The apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the second surface is adapted to be received within a recess provided on the outer surface of the base pipe and surrounding the aperture. | 2,400 |
345,508 | 16,643,413 | 2,454 | A refrigerator and a method for controlling the same are disclosed. The refrigerator may minimize the size and material cost of the control system by controlling the internal temperature and the speed of a compressor using a thermostat used in the conventional low-capacity/low-cost refrigerator without using a system controller equipped with various sensors (internal sensors and/or external sensors) capable of controlling the internal temperature. In addition, since an inverter controller capable of controlling a BDLC compressor estimates the internal/external temperature based on operation information of the compressor, and determines the internal load, it may save energy and reduce vibrations and noise, which are the largest disadvantages of a constant-speed compressor, thereby improving satisfaction of the consumer. In addition, the BLDC compressor may be started and operated stably by applying a differentiated algorithm of the inverter controller. | 1. A refrigerator comprising:
a housing forming an external appearance of the refrigerator, and including a storage chamber; a thermostat configured to operate according to an internal temperature of the storage chamber; a compressor configured to be operated according to operation of the thermostat; and an inverter controller configured to control operation speed of the compressor based on operation information of the compressor. 2. The refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the operation information of the compressor comprises at least one of a voltage applied to winding of a motor in the compressor, a current flowing in the winding of the motor, operation time of the compressor, and operation speed of the compressor. 3. The refrigerator according to claim 2, wherein the inverter controller is configured to calculate power consumption of the compressor using the voltage applied to the winding of the motor and the current flowing in the winding of the motor and change the operation speed of the compressor by estimating the internal temperature based on the calculated power consumption. 4. The refrigerator according to claim 3, wherein the inverter controller is configured to compare the power consumption with reference power, determine that the internal temperature is high when the power consumption is equal to or higher than the reference power and increase the operation speed of the compressor. 5. The refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein the inverter controller is configured to set the reference power for each step of the operation speed of the compressor and change the operation speed of the compressor stepwise according to the internal temperature. 6. The refrigerator according to claim 3, wherein the inverter controller is configured to compare the power consumption with reference power, determine to be in a load condition where the internal temperature is appropriate when the power consumption is less than or equal to the reference power and operate the compressor at low speed. 7. The refrigerator according to claim 2, wherein the inverter controller is configured to change the operation speed of the compressor by estimating external temperature based on the operation speed or operation time of the compressor. 8. The refrigerator according to claim 7, wherein the inverter controller is configured to compare the operation time of the compressor with reference time, determine that the external temperature is high when the operation time is equal to or higher than the reference time and increase the operation speed of the compressor. 9. The refrigerator according to claim 7, wherein the inverter controller is configured to compare the operation time of the compressor with reference time, determine to be in a load condition where the external temperature is appropriate when the operation time is less than or equal to the reference time and operate the compressor at low speed. 10. The refrigerator according to claim 3, wherein the thermostat is configured to be in a conducting state as the internal temperature increases and apply power to the inverter controller. 11. The refrigerator according to claim 10, wherein the inverter controller is configured to operate a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor in the compressor when a circuit is in a conducting state by the thermostat. 12. The refrigerator according to claim 1, further comprising:
a filter configured to block switching noise generated in controlling the compressor. 13. A refrigerator comprising:
a brushless direct current (BLDC) compressor; a thermostat configured to transmit an electrical signal according to an internal temperature of a storage chamber; and an inverter controller configured to operate the BLDC compressor at low speed according to the electrical signal transmitted from the thermostat, wherein the inverter controller is configured to calculate power consumption of the BLDC compressor using a voltage applied to winding of a motor in the BLDC compressor and a current flowing in the winding of the motor during the low speed operation of the BLDC compressor, and control operation speed of the BLDC compressor by estimating the internal temperature based on the calculated power consumption. 14. The refrigerator according to claim 13, wherein the inverter controller is configured to control the operation speed of the BLDC compressor by estimating external temperature using the operation speed or operation time of the BLDC compressor. 15. The refrigerator according to claim 14, wherein the inverter controller is configured to set reference power for each step of the operation speed of the BLDC compressor and change the operation speed of the BLDC compressor stepwise according to the internal temperature. 16. A method of controlling a refrigerator including a housing having a storage chamber formed therein, a thermostat configured to operate according to an internal temperature of the storage chamber, a compressor configured to be operated according to operation of the thermostat, the method comprising:
calculating power consumption of the compressor by detecting a voltage applied to winding of a motor in the compressor and a current flowing in the winding of the motor; comparing the calculated power consumption with reference power, and increasing operation speed of the compressor when the power consumption is equal to or higher than the reference power; and operating the compressor at low speed when the power consumption is less than the reference power. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
setting the reference power for each step of the operation speed of the compressor and increasing the operation speed of the compressor stepwise according to the internal temperature. 18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
counting operation time of the compressor and comparing the operation time with reference time; increasing the operation speed of the compressor when the operation time is equal to or higher than the reference time; and operating the compressor at low speed when the operation time is less than the reference time. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the compressor comprises a brushless direct current (BLDC) compressor. | A refrigerator and a method for controlling the same are disclosed. The refrigerator may minimize the size and material cost of the control system by controlling the internal temperature and the speed of a compressor using a thermostat used in the conventional low-capacity/low-cost refrigerator without using a system controller equipped with various sensors (internal sensors and/or external sensors) capable of controlling the internal temperature. In addition, since an inverter controller capable of controlling a BDLC compressor estimates the internal/external temperature based on operation information of the compressor, and determines the internal load, it may save energy and reduce vibrations and noise, which are the largest disadvantages of a constant-speed compressor, thereby improving satisfaction of the consumer. In addition, the BLDC compressor may be started and operated stably by applying a differentiated algorithm of the inverter controller.1. A refrigerator comprising:
a housing forming an external appearance of the refrigerator, and including a storage chamber; a thermostat configured to operate according to an internal temperature of the storage chamber; a compressor configured to be operated according to operation of the thermostat; and an inverter controller configured to control operation speed of the compressor based on operation information of the compressor. 2. The refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the operation information of the compressor comprises at least one of a voltage applied to winding of a motor in the compressor, a current flowing in the winding of the motor, operation time of the compressor, and operation speed of the compressor. 3. The refrigerator according to claim 2, wherein the inverter controller is configured to calculate power consumption of the compressor using the voltage applied to the winding of the motor and the current flowing in the winding of the motor and change the operation speed of the compressor by estimating the internal temperature based on the calculated power consumption. 4. The refrigerator according to claim 3, wherein the inverter controller is configured to compare the power consumption with reference power, determine that the internal temperature is high when the power consumption is equal to or higher than the reference power and increase the operation speed of the compressor. 5. The refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein the inverter controller is configured to set the reference power for each step of the operation speed of the compressor and change the operation speed of the compressor stepwise according to the internal temperature. 6. The refrigerator according to claim 3, wherein the inverter controller is configured to compare the power consumption with reference power, determine to be in a load condition where the internal temperature is appropriate when the power consumption is less than or equal to the reference power and operate the compressor at low speed. 7. The refrigerator according to claim 2, wherein the inverter controller is configured to change the operation speed of the compressor by estimating external temperature based on the operation speed or operation time of the compressor. 8. The refrigerator according to claim 7, wherein the inverter controller is configured to compare the operation time of the compressor with reference time, determine that the external temperature is high when the operation time is equal to or higher than the reference time and increase the operation speed of the compressor. 9. The refrigerator according to claim 7, wherein the inverter controller is configured to compare the operation time of the compressor with reference time, determine to be in a load condition where the external temperature is appropriate when the operation time is less than or equal to the reference time and operate the compressor at low speed. 10. The refrigerator according to claim 3, wherein the thermostat is configured to be in a conducting state as the internal temperature increases and apply power to the inverter controller. 11. The refrigerator according to claim 10, wherein the inverter controller is configured to operate a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor in the compressor when a circuit is in a conducting state by the thermostat. 12. The refrigerator according to claim 1, further comprising:
a filter configured to block switching noise generated in controlling the compressor. 13. A refrigerator comprising:
a brushless direct current (BLDC) compressor; a thermostat configured to transmit an electrical signal according to an internal temperature of a storage chamber; and an inverter controller configured to operate the BLDC compressor at low speed according to the electrical signal transmitted from the thermostat, wherein the inverter controller is configured to calculate power consumption of the BLDC compressor using a voltage applied to winding of a motor in the BLDC compressor and a current flowing in the winding of the motor during the low speed operation of the BLDC compressor, and control operation speed of the BLDC compressor by estimating the internal temperature based on the calculated power consumption. 14. The refrigerator according to claim 13, wherein the inverter controller is configured to control the operation speed of the BLDC compressor by estimating external temperature using the operation speed or operation time of the BLDC compressor. 15. The refrigerator according to claim 14, wherein the inverter controller is configured to set reference power for each step of the operation speed of the BLDC compressor and change the operation speed of the BLDC compressor stepwise according to the internal temperature. 16. A method of controlling a refrigerator including a housing having a storage chamber formed therein, a thermostat configured to operate according to an internal temperature of the storage chamber, a compressor configured to be operated according to operation of the thermostat, the method comprising:
calculating power consumption of the compressor by detecting a voltage applied to winding of a motor in the compressor and a current flowing in the winding of the motor; comparing the calculated power consumption with reference power, and increasing operation speed of the compressor when the power consumption is equal to or higher than the reference power; and operating the compressor at low speed when the power consumption is less than the reference power. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
setting the reference power for each step of the operation speed of the compressor and increasing the operation speed of the compressor stepwise according to the internal temperature. 18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
counting operation time of the compressor and comparing the operation time with reference time; increasing the operation speed of the compressor when the operation time is equal to or higher than the reference time; and operating the compressor at low speed when the operation time is less than the reference time. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the compressor comprises a brushless direct current (BLDC) compressor. | 2,400 |
345,509 | 16,643,431 | 2,454 | The present invention is related to arginine deiminase encapsulated into erythrocytes for use in therapy. It is in particular related to the use thereof in treating arginase-1 deficiency. Also, it relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising arginine deiminase from M. arginini encapsulated into erythrocytes and the use thereof in treating diseases that may benefit from arginine depletion, such as arginine dependent cancers, in particular arginine-auxotrophic cancers, and arginase-1 deficiency. | 1.-14. (canceled) 15. A method of treatment of arginase-1 deficiency, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising arginine deiminase encapsulated into erythrocytes and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said composition is a suspension having an osmolarity of between 270 and 350 mOsm/l. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle is a preservative solution comprising NaCl and Adenine. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein said arginine deiminase is from Mycoplasma arginini. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the arginine deiminase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the arginine deiminase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. 21. The method according to claim 15, wherein the concentration of encapsulated arginine deiminase is from 0.1 to 7 mg/ml. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is packaged in a dose having a volume from 10 to 250 ml. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the amount of arginine deiminase encapsulated in one dose for a patient is from 0.01 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg of encapsulated arginine deiminase per kg body weight of said patient. 24. A suspension of erythrocytes encapsulating arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma. arginini. 25. A suspension of erythrocytes encapsulating arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma. Arginine or a variant or fragment thereof retaining the biological activity of the whole arginine deiminase. 26. The suspension of claim 24, wherein said arginine deiminase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 27. The suspension of claim 25, wherein said variant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. 28. A method of treatment of arginase-1 deficiency or arginine-dependent cancers, treating or preventing of septic shock, inhibiting angiogenesis and treating angiogenesis associated diseases, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a suspension of erythrocytes encapsulating arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma arginini. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein said arginine deiminase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. | The present invention is related to arginine deiminase encapsulated into erythrocytes for use in therapy. It is in particular related to the use thereof in treating arginase-1 deficiency. Also, it relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising arginine deiminase from M. arginini encapsulated into erythrocytes and the use thereof in treating diseases that may benefit from arginine depletion, such as arginine dependent cancers, in particular arginine-auxotrophic cancers, and arginase-1 deficiency.1.-14. (canceled) 15. A method of treatment of arginase-1 deficiency, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising arginine deiminase encapsulated into erythrocytes and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said composition is a suspension having an osmolarity of between 270 and 350 mOsm/l. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle is a preservative solution comprising NaCl and Adenine. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein said arginine deiminase is from Mycoplasma arginini. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the arginine deiminase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the arginine deiminase comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. 21. The method according to claim 15, wherein the concentration of encapsulated arginine deiminase is from 0.1 to 7 mg/ml. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is packaged in a dose having a volume from 10 to 250 ml. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the amount of arginine deiminase encapsulated in one dose for a patient is from 0.01 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg of encapsulated arginine deiminase per kg body weight of said patient. 24. A suspension of erythrocytes encapsulating arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma. arginini. 25. A suspension of erythrocytes encapsulating arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma. Arginine or a variant or fragment thereof retaining the biological activity of the whole arginine deiminase. 26. The suspension of claim 24, wherein said arginine deiminase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 27. The suspension of claim 25, wherein said variant comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1. 28. A method of treatment of arginase-1 deficiency or arginine-dependent cancers, treating or preventing of septic shock, inhibiting angiogenesis and treating angiogenesis associated diseases, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a suspension of erythrocytes encapsulating arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma arginini. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein said arginine deiminase comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. | 2,400 |
345,510 | 16,643,434 | 2,454 | The present invention relates to an LED illuminant module and lighting apparatus and, more specifically, to a high color rendering D50/D65 standard LED illuminant module and lighting apparatus, which has both high color rendering properties and excellent metamerism index characteristics by using a high color rendering LED and an ultraviolet LED. An illuminant module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: at least one ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device having a peak emission wavelength of 300 nm-400 nm; and at least one first white light-emitting diode (LED) device having an average color rendering index of 90% or higher, wherein the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device is a light-emitting diode (LED) device which comprises a first LED chip having an excitation wavelength of 440 nm-460 nm, and a first phosphor layer excited at the excitation wavelength of the first LED chip to emit light, and the first phosphor layer comprises: a first phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 440 nm-499 nm; a second phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 500 nm-580 nm; and a third phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 600 nm-699 nm. | 1. An illuminant module comprising:
one or more ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) devices having a peak emission wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm; and one or more first white light-emitting diode (LED) devices having an average color rendering index of 90% or higher, wherein the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device is a light-emitting diode (LED) device comprising a first LED chip having an excitation wavelength of 440 nm to 460 nm, and a first phosphor layer configured to emit light by being excited at the excitation wavelength of the first LED chip, and the first phosphor layer comprises a first phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 440 nm to 499 nm, a second phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 500 nm to 580 nm, and a third phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 600 nm to 699 nm. 2. The illuminant module of claim 1, wherein a numerical value of UV content of the illuminant module is within a range from 60 to 160. 3. The illuminant module of claim 1, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the first white light-emitting diode (LED) devices. 4. The illuminant module of claim 1, further comprising:
a light transmissive member configured to accommodate therein the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device and the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device, wherein the light transmissive member is made of PMMA, glass, or a material that transmits an ultraviolet ray. 5. The illuminant module of claim 1, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) devices. 6. The illuminant module of claim 1, wherein the illuminant module has a light emitting characteristic in which a visible-range metamerism index (MIvis) is 1.0 or lower and a UV-range metamerism index (MIuv) is 1.5 or lower by the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device and the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device. 7. The illuminant module of claim 6, wherein the illuminant module has a light emitting characteristic in which an average color rendering index (Ra) is 90% or higher and a special color rendering indexes (R9 to R15) is 80% or higher. 8. The illuminant module of claim 6, wherein a correlated color temperature CCT is within a range from 2,000K to 10,000K. 9. The illuminant module of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more second white light-emitting diode (LED) devices having an average color rendering index of 90% or higher, wherein the second white light-emitting diode (LED) device is a light-emitting diode (LED) device comprising a second LED chip having an excitation wavelength of 400 nm to 440 nm and a second phosphor layer configured to emit light by being excited at the excitation wavelength of the second LED chip, and the second phosphor layer comprises a first phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 440 nm to 499 nm, a second phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 500 nm to 580 nm, and a third phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 600 nm to 699 nm. 10. The illuminant module of claim 9, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device and the second white light-emitting diode (LED) device. 11. The illuminant module of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more blue light-emitting diode (LED) devices having a peak emission wavelength of 400 nm to 470 nm. 12. The illuminant module of claim 11, wherein peak wavelength spectrum intensity of the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm is within a range of 60% to 90% of peak wavelength spectrum intensity of the blue light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 400 nm to 470 nm. 13. An illuminant module comprising:
one or more ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) devices having a peak emission wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm; and one or more second white light-emitting diode (LED) devices having an average color rendering index of 90% or higher, wherein the second white light-emitting diode (LED) device is a light-emitting diode (LED) device comprising a second LED chip having an excitation wavelength of 400 nm to 440 nm, and a second phosphor layer configured to emit light by being excited at the excitation wavelength of the second LED chip, and the second phosphor layer comprises a first phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 440 nm to 499 nm, a second phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 500 nm to 580 nm, and a third phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 600 nm to 699 nm. 14. The illuminant module of claim 13, wherein a numerical value of UV content of the illuminant module is within a range from 60 to 160. 15. The illuminant module of claim 13, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the second white light-emitting diode (LED) devices. 16. The illuminant module of claim 13, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) devices. 17. The illuminant module of claim 13, further comprising:
one or more blue light-emitting diode (LED) devices having a peak emission wavelength of 400 nm to 470 nm. 18. The illuminant module of claim 17, wherein peak wavelength spectrum intensity of the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm is within a range of 60% to 90% of peak wavelength spectrum intensity of the blue light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 400 nm to 470 nm. 19. A lighting apparatus comprising the illuminant module according to claim 1. | The present invention relates to an LED illuminant module and lighting apparatus and, more specifically, to a high color rendering D50/D65 standard LED illuminant module and lighting apparatus, which has both high color rendering properties and excellent metamerism index characteristics by using a high color rendering LED and an ultraviolet LED. An illuminant module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: at least one ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device having a peak emission wavelength of 300 nm-400 nm; and at least one first white light-emitting diode (LED) device having an average color rendering index of 90% or higher, wherein the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device is a light-emitting diode (LED) device which comprises a first LED chip having an excitation wavelength of 440 nm-460 nm, and a first phosphor layer excited at the excitation wavelength of the first LED chip to emit light, and the first phosphor layer comprises: a first phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 440 nm-499 nm; a second phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 500 nm-580 nm; and a third phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 600 nm-699 nm.1. An illuminant module comprising:
one or more ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) devices having a peak emission wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm; and one or more first white light-emitting diode (LED) devices having an average color rendering index of 90% or higher, wherein the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device is a light-emitting diode (LED) device comprising a first LED chip having an excitation wavelength of 440 nm to 460 nm, and a first phosphor layer configured to emit light by being excited at the excitation wavelength of the first LED chip, and the first phosphor layer comprises a first phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 440 nm to 499 nm, a second phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 500 nm to 580 nm, and a third phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 600 nm to 699 nm. 2. The illuminant module of claim 1, wherein a numerical value of UV content of the illuminant module is within a range from 60 to 160. 3. The illuminant module of claim 1, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the first white light-emitting diode (LED) devices. 4. The illuminant module of claim 1, further comprising:
a light transmissive member configured to accommodate therein the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device and the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device, wherein the light transmissive member is made of PMMA, glass, or a material that transmits an ultraviolet ray. 5. The illuminant module of claim 1, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) devices. 6. The illuminant module of claim 1, wherein the illuminant module has a light emitting characteristic in which a visible-range metamerism index (MIvis) is 1.0 or lower and a UV-range metamerism index (MIuv) is 1.5 or lower by the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device and the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device. 7. The illuminant module of claim 6, wherein the illuminant module has a light emitting characteristic in which an average color rendering index (Ra) is 90% or higher and a special color rendering indexes (R9 to R15) is 80% or higher. 8. The illuminant module of claim 6, wherein a correlated color temperature CCT is within a range from 2,000K to 10,000K. 9. The illuminant module of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more second white light-emitting diode (LED) devices having an average color rendering index of 90% or higher, wherein the second white light-emitting diode (LED) device is a light-emitting diode (LED) device comprising a second LED chip having an excitation wavelength of 400 nm to 440 nm and a second phosphor layer configured to emit light by being excited at the excitation wavelength of the second LED chip, and the second phosphor layer comprises a first phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 440 nm to 499 nm, a second phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 500 nm to 580 nm, and a third phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 600 nm to 699 nm. 10. The illuminant module of claim 9, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the first white light-emitting diode (LED) device and the second white light-emitting diode (LED) device. 11. The illuminant module of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more blue light-emitting diode (LED) devices having a peak emission wavelength of 400 nm to 470 nm. 12. The illuminant module of claim 11, wherein peak wavelength spectrum intensity of the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm is within a range of 60% to 90% of peak wavelength spectrum intensity of the blue light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 400 nm to 470 nm. 13. An illuminant module comprising:
one or more ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) devices having a peak emission wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm; and one or more second white light-emitting diode (LED) devices having an average color rendering index of 90% or higher, wherein the second white light-emitting diode (LED) device is a light-emitting diode (LED) device comprising a second LED chip having an excitation wavelength of 400 nm to 440 nm, and a second phosphor layer configured to emit light by being excited at the excitation wavelength of the second LED chip, and the second phosphor layer comprises a first phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 440 nm to 499 nm, a second phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 500 nm to 580 nm, and a third phosphor having a peak emission wavelength of 600 nm to 699 nm. 14. The illuminant module of claim 13, wherein a numerical value of UV content of the illuminant module is within a range from 60 to 160. 15. The illuminant module of claim 13, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the second white light-emitting diode (LED) devices. 16. The illuminant module of claim 13, wherein two or more types of light-emitting diode (LED) devices having different peak wavelengths are used as the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) devices. 17. The illuminant module of claim 13, further comprising:
one or more blue light-emitting diode (LED) devices having a peak emission wavelength of 400 nm to 470 nm. 18. The illuminant module of claim 17, wherein peak wavelength spectrum intensity of the ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm is within a range of 60% to 90% of peak wavelength spectrum intensity of the blue light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 400 nm to 470 nm. 19. A lighting apparatus comprising the illuminant module according to claim 1. | 2,400 |
345,511 | 16,643,436 | 2,454 | The present disclosure relates to a vacuum cleaner capable of enhancing the convenience of use with an improved handle structure. The vacuum cleaner includes a cleaner main body disposed along a longitudinal direction of a suction nozzle and provided to generate a suction force, and a handle provided on the cleaner main body to be gripped and manipulated by a user, wherein the handle includes a first button provided to select on or off of the cleaner main body, and a second button provided to selectively adjust the suction force. | 1. A vacuum cleaner comprising:
a cleaner main body disposed along a longitudinal direction of a suction nozzle and configured to generate a suction force; and a handle provided on the cleaner main body and configured to be gripped and manipulated by a user, wherein the handle includes
a first button provided to select on or off of the cleaner main body, and
a second button provided to selectively adjust the suction force. 2. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the handle includes
a handle grip portion, and a battery mounting portion provided to be in parallel with the handle grip portion. 3. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 2, wherein the second button is disposed on the handle grip portion. 4. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the first button is disposed on the cleaner main body. 5. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the first button is disposed on an upper surface of the cleaner main body. 6. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the second button includes a trigger. 7. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the cleaner main body includes a dust collector disposed along the longitudinal direction of the suction nozzle and configured to separate foreign substances from the air introduced through the suction nozzle. 8. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein
the cleaner main body includes a motor configured to generate the suction force, and the first button and the second button are connected to the motor. 9. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 7, wherein the cleaner main body includes
a filter configured to filter the air passing through the dust collector, and at least one discharge port configured such that the air that has passed through the filter is discharged. 10. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the second button is configured to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the suction nozzle. 11. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 10, wherein the second body includes a button guide configured to guide the second button to be moved horizontally. 12. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 11, further comprising an elastic member disposed between the second button and the button guide. | The present disclosure relates to a vacuum cleaner capable of enhancing the convenience of use with an improved handle structure. The vacuum cleaner includes a cleaner main body disposed along a longitudinal direction of a suction nozzle and provided to generate a suction force, and a handle provided on the cleaner main body to be gripped and manipulated by a user, wherein the handle includes a first button provided to select on or off of the cleaner main body, and a second button provided to selectively adjust the suction force.1. A vacuum cleaner comprising:
a cleaner main body disposed along a longitudinal direction of a suction nozzle and configured to generate a suction force; and a handle provided on the cleaner main body and configured to be gripped and manipulated by a user, wherein the handle includes
a first button provided to select on or off of the cleaner main body, and
a second button provided to selectively adjust the suction force. 2. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the handle includes
a handle grip portion, and a battery mounting portion provided to be in parallel with the handle grip portion. 3. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 2, wherein the second button is disposed on the handle grip portion. 4. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the first button is disposed on the cleaner main body. 5. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the first button is disposed on an upper surface of the cleaner main body. 6. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the second button includes a trigger. 7. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the cleaner main body includes a dust collector disposed along the longitudinal direction of the suction nozzle and configured to separate foreign substances from the air introduced through the suction nozzle. 8. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein
the cleaner main body includes a motor configured to generate the suction force, and the first button and the second button are connected to the motor. 9. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 7, wherein the cleaner main body includes
a filter configured to filter the air passing through the dust collector, and at least one discharge port configured such that the air that has passed through the filter is discharged. 10. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 1, wherein the second button is configured to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the suction nozzle. 11. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 10, wherein the second body includes a button guide configured to guide the second button to be moved horizontally. 12. The vacuum cleaner according to claim 11, further comprising an elastic member disposed between the second button and the button guide. | 2,400 |
345,512 | 16,643,426 | 2,454 | An embodiment comprises: a base which comprises a body and a first column part, a second column part, a third column part, and a fourth column part arranged at corner parts of the body, respectively; a bobbin disposed on the body; a first roller part disposed in a first groove provided on the first column part; a second roller part disposed in a second groove provided on the second column part adjacent to the first column part; a magnet disposed on the bobbin; and a coil corresponding to the magnet and disposed between the first and the second column part, wherein the first roller part contacts at least two areas of the first groove, the second roller part contacts at least two areas of the second groove, the first groove comprises a first opening through which a part of the first roller part is exposed, the second groove comprises a second opening through which a part of the second roller part is exposed, and the bobbin comprises a first support part disposed in the first opening and contacting the first roller part and a second support part disposed in the second opening and contacting the second roller part.An embodiment comprises: a base which comprises a body and a first column part, a second column part, a third column part, and a fourth column part arranged at corner parts of the body, respectively; a bobbin disposed on the body; a first roller part disposed in a first groove provided on the first column part; a second roller part disposed in a second groove provided on the second column part adjacent to the first column part; a magnet disposed on the bobbin; and a coil corresponding to the magnet and disposed between the first and the second column part, wherein the first roller part contacts at least two areas of the first groove, the second roller part contacts at least two areas of the second groove, the first groove comprises a first opening through which a part of the first roller part is exposed, the second groove comprises a second opening through which a part of the second roller part is exposed, and the bobbin comprises a first support part disposed in the first opening and contacting the first roller part and a second support part disposed in the second opening and contacting the second roller part. | 1. A lens moving apparatus comprising:
a base comprising a body and a first post, a second post, a third post and a fourth post disposed at corner portions of the body; a bobbin disposed on the body; a first roller unit disposed in a first groove formed in the first post; a second roller unit disposed in a second groove formed in the second post adjacent to the first post; a magnet disposed at the bobbin; and a coil disposed between the first post and the second post so as to correspond to the magnet, wherein the first groove comprises a first opening, through which a portion of the first roller unit is exposed, and wherein the second groove comprise a second opening, through which a portion of the second roller unit is exposed, and wherein the bobbin comprises: a first support disposed in the first opening so as to be in contact with the first roller; and a second support disposed in the second opening so as to be in contact with the second roller. 2. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first support projects from an outer surface of the bobbin, and the second support projects from the outer surface of the bobbin. 3. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first roller unit is in contact with four regions of the first groove and the second roller unit is in contact with four regions of the second groove. 4. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a circuit board, which is secured to the base and to which the coil is coupled, the circuit board being secured to the first post and the second post. 5. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the circuit board comprises a terminal conductively connected to the coil, the terminal comprising a first terminal and a second terminal and being disposed at the body. 6. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a magnetic body disposed at the base under the coil so as to generate attractive force in cooperation with the magnet. 7. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic body is disposed on an outer surface of the base. 8. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic body comprises:
a plate disposed on an outer surface of the body of the base; a first extension disposed on an outer surface of the first post and extending upwards from the plate; and a second extension disposed on an outer surface of the second post and extending upwards from the plate. 9. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the first roller unit and the second roller unit comprises a plurality of rollers, each of the plurality of rollers having a cylindrical shape. 10. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein each of the first roller unit and the second roller unit is disposed so as to be rotatable about an axis perpendicular to an optical axis. 11. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first groove comprises a first side surface, and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface, and the first opening is formed at the first side surface, and
wherein the second groove comprises a third side surface, and a fourth side surface opposite to the third side surface, and the second opening is formed at the third side surface. 12. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bobbin comprises first to fourth projections disposed at the side surface thereof,
wherein the magnet is disposed in a mounting recess formed in the first projection, and wherein the first projection is disposed between the first post and the second post, and the second projection is disposed between the second post and the third post, and the third projection is disposed between the third post and the fourth post and the fourth projection is disposed between the fourth post and the first post. 13. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a lubricant disposed in the first groove and the second groove,
wherein the lubricant is in contact with the first groove and the first roller unit, and wherein the lubricant is in contact with the second groove and the second roller unit. 14. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a cover member coupled to the base and comprising a top plate and side plates,
wherein the cover member comprises:
a first protrusion projecting from an inner surface of the top plate and disposed in the first groove; and
a second protrusion and projecting from the inner surface of the top plate and disposed in the second groove. 15. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the base comprises:
a first guide groove formed in the second side surface of the first groove for injecting lubricant into the first groove; and a second guide groove formed in the fourth side surface of the second groove for injecting lubricant into the second groove. 16. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a diameter and a longitudinal length of each of the plurality of rollers is 1:1.5˜1:5. 17. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first roller unit is disposed so as to be inclined at a first angle with respect to a first reference line, and wherein the second roller unit is disposed so as to be inclined at a second angle with respect to the first reference line, and
wherein the first reference line is an imaginary line parallel to a direction toward the second post from the first post, and the first angle is different from the second angle. 18. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 17, wherein each of the first and second angles is 30°˜60°. 19. A lens moving apparatus comprising:
a base comprising a body, and a first post and a second post adjacent to the first post, the first and second posts being respectively disposed at corners of the body; a bobbin disposed on the body; a first roller unit disposed in a first groove formed in the first post; a second roller unit disposed in a second groove formed in the second post; a magnet disposed at the bobbin; a substrate secured to the base; a coil coupled to the substrate so as to face the magnet; and a magnetic body disposed at the base under the coil so as to generate attractive force in cooperation with the magnet, wherein the first roller unit is in contact with the first post and the bobbin, and the second roller unit is in contact with the second post and the bobbin. 20. A camera module comprising:
a lens; a lens moving apparatus according to claim 1; and an image sensor. | An embodiment comprises: a base which comprises a body and a first column part, a second column part, a third column part, and a fourth column part arranged at corner parts of the body, respectively; a bobbin disposed on the body; a first roller part disposed in a first groove provided on the first column part; a second roller part disposed in a second groove provided on the second column part adjacent to the first column part; a magnet disposed on the bobbin; and a coil corresponding to the magnet and disposed between the first and the second column part, wherein the first roller part contacts at least two areas of the first groove, the second roller part contacts at least two areas of the second groove, the first groove comprises a first opening through which a part of the first roller part is exposed, the second groove comprises a second opening through which a part of the second roller part is exposed, and the bobbin comprises a first support part disposed in the first opening and contacting the first roller part and a second support part disposed in the second opening and contacting the second roller part.An embodiment comprises: a base which comprises a body and a first column part, a second column part, a third column part, and a fourth column part arranged at corner parts of the body, respectively; a bobbin disposed on the body; a first roller part disposed in a first groove provided on the first column part; a second roller part disposed in a second groove provided on the second column part adjacent to the first column part; a magnet disposed on the bobbin; and a coil corresponding to the magnet and disposed between the first and the second column part, wherein the first roller part contacts at least two areas of the first groove, the second roller part contacts at least two areas of the second groove, the first groove comprises a first opening through which a part of the first roller part is exposed, the second groove comprises a second opening through which a part of the second roller part is exposed, and the bobbin comprises a first support part disposed in the first opening and contacting the first roller part and a second support part disposed in the second opening and contacting the second roller part.1. A lens moving apparatus comprising:
a base comprising a body and a first post, a second post, a third post and a fourth post disposed at corner portions of the body; a bobbin disposed on the body; a first roller unit disposed in a first groove formed in the first post; a second roller unit disposed in a second groove formed in the second post adjacent to the first post; a magnet disposed at the bobbin; and a coil disposed between the first post and the second post so as to correspond to the magnet, wherein the first groove comprises a first opening, through which a portion of the first roller unit is exposed, and wherein the second groove comprise a second opening, through which a portion of the second roller unit is exposed, and wherein the bobbin comprises: a first support disposed in the first opening so as to be in contact with the first roller; and a second support disposed in the second opening so as to be in contact with the second roller. 2. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first support projects from an outer surface of the bobbin, and the second support projects from the outer surface of the bobbin. 3. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first roller unit is in contact with four regions of the first groove and the second roller unit is in contact with four regions of the second groove. 4. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a circuit board, which is secured to the base and to which the coil is coupled, the circuit board being secured to the first post and the second post. 5. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the circuit board comprises a terminal conductively connected to the coil, the terminal comprising a first terminal and a second terminal and being disposed at the body. 6. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a magnetic body disposed at the base under the coil so as to generate attractive force in cooperation with the magnet. 7. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the magnetic body is disposed on an outer surface of the base. 8. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic body comprises:
a plate disposed on an outer surface of the body of the base; a first extension disposed on an outer surface of the first post and extending upwards from the plate; and a second extension disposed on an outer surface of the second post and extending upwards from the plate. 9. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the first roller unit and the second roller unit comprises a plurality of rollers, each of the plurality of rollers having a cylindrical shape. 10. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 9, wherein each of the first roller unit and the second roller unit is disposed so as to be rotatable about an axis perpendicular to an optical axis. 11. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first groove comprises a first side surface, and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface, and the first opening is formed at the first side surface, and
wherein the second groove comprises a third side surface, and a fourth side surface opposite to the third side surface, and the second opening is formed at the third side surface. 12. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bobbin comprises first to fourth projections disposed at the side surface thereof,
wherein the magnet is disposed in a mounting recess formed in the first projection, and wherein the first projection is disposed between the first post and the second post, and the second projection is disposed between the second post and the third post, and the third projection is disposed between the third post and the fourth post and the fourth projection is disposed between the fourth post and the first post. 13. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a lubricant disposed in the first groove and the second groove,
wherein the lubricant is in contact with the first groove and the first roller unit, and wherein the lubricant is in contact with the second groove and the second roller unit. 14. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a cover member coupled to the base and comprising a top plate and side plates,
wherein the cover member comprises:
a first protrusion projecting from an inner surface of the top plate and disposed in the first groove; and
a second protrusion and projecting from the inner surface of the top plate and disposed in the second groove. 15. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the base comprises:
a first guide groove formed in the second side surface of the first groove for injecting lubricant into the first groove; and a second guide groove formed in the fourth side surface of the second groove for injecting lubricant into the second groove. 16. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a diameter and a longitudinal length of each of the plurality of rollers is 1:1.5˜1:5. 17. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first roller unit is disposed so as to be inclined at a first angle with respect to a first reference line, and wherein the second roller unit is disposed so as to be inclined at a second angle with respect to the first reference line, and
wherein the first reference line is an imaginary line parallel to a direction toward the second post from the first post, and the first angle is different from the second angle. 18. The lens moving apparatus according to claim 17, wherein each of the first and second angles is 30°˜60°. 19. A lens moving apparatus comprising:
a base comprising a body, and a first post and a second post adjacent to the first post, the first and second posts being respectively disposed at corners of the body; a bobbin disposed on the body; a first roller unit disposed in a first groove formed in the first post; a second roller unit disposed in a second groove formed in the second post; a magnet disposed at the bobbin; a substrate secured to the base; a coil coupled to the substrate so as to face the magnet; and a magnetic body disposed at the base under the coil so as to generate attractive force in cooperation with the magnet, wherein the first roller unit is in contact with the first post and the bobbin, and the second roller unit is in contact with the second post and the bobbin. 20. A camera module comprising:
a lens; a lens moving apparatus according to claim 1; and an image sensor. | 2,400 |
345,513 | 16,643,430 | 2,454 | The present subject matter described herein relates to a Magnetically Augmented Plasmonic Tweezer (MAPT), a method for fabrication of the MAPT, and a method for trapping and maneuvering one or more colloidal particles inside a fluid. The fluid may correspond to a fluid inside a microfluidic device or a biological fluid. The MAPT can comprise a helical support structure to provide maneuverability in fluid. Further, a magnetic component is integrated in the MAPT for motion control. Plasmonic nanostmctures are integrated in the MAPT for optical trapping of particles. | 1. A Magnetically Augmented Plasmonic Tweezer (MAPT) comprising:
a helical support structure to provide maneuverability in fluid; a magnetic component integrated in the helical support structure for motion control; and plasmonic nanostructures integrated in the helical support structure for optical trapping of particles. 2. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are distributed across a surface of the helical support structure. 3. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are provided towards one end of the helical support structure. 4. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic component is provided towards one end of the helical support structure. 5. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are adapted to trap and release colloidal particles of size in sub-micrometer range. 6. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures trap the particles by one or more of thermophoretic force, near-field plasmonic force, and convective force. 7. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are formed of one or more of Ag, Au, Cu, Al, TiN, and Aluminium-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO). 8. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic component comprises one or more of iron, cobalt, and nickel. 9. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the helical support structure is made of a dielectric material. 10. A method for fabricating a Magnetically Augmented Plasmonic Tweezer (MAPT), the method comprising:
depositing a seed layer on a substrate; depositing a magnetic component on the seed layer; growing a film of silica over the magnetic component by rotating the substrate, resulting in formation of a helical support structure integrated with the magnetic component; integrating plasmonic nanostructures with the helical support structure by one of: deposition of a plasmonic material with the magnetic component and deposition of the plasmonic material on the helical support structure; and sonicating the substrate in a fluid to obtain a suspension of the MAPTs in the fluid. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein integrating the plasmonic nanostructures by deposition of the plasmonic material on the helical support structure comprises:
depositing a thin film of the plasmonic material on the helical support structure; and annealing the thin film to form the plasmonic nanostructures. 12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the deposition of the magnetic component is by Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) technique. 13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein integrating the plasmonic nanostructures by deposition of the plasmonic material with the magnetic component comprises depositing alternate layers of the magnetic component and the plasmonic material on the seed layer. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein a thickness of a layer of the magnetic component is greater than and in the similar order of magnitude of a thickness of a layer of the plasmonic material. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein three layers of the plasmonic material are deposited with two layers of the magnetic component in between. 16. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are formed by one or more of Ag, Au, Al, Cu, TiN, and Aluminium-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO). 17. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the seed layer on the substrate is a monolayer of colloidal beads. 18. A method for trapping and maneuvering one or more colloidal particles inside a fluid, the method comprising:
driving, by a rotating magnetic field, one or more of magnetically augmented plasmonic tweezers (MAPTs) towards the one or more colloidal particles, wherein the one or more MAPTs comprise a helical support structure, a magnetic component integrated in the helical support structure for motion control, and plasmonic nanostructures integrated in the helical support structure for optical trapping of particles; providing illumination by an optical source to activate the plasmonic nanostructures and trap the one or more colloidal particles; driving, by the rotating magnetic field, the MAPT with the trapped one or more colloidal particles to transport the one or more colloidal particles from a first location to a second location; and reducing the illumination of the optical source below a threshold value to release the one or more colloidal particles from the MAPT at the second location. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the rotating magnetic field is provided by a triaxial Helmholtz coil to maneuver the one or more MAPTs. 20. The method as claimed in claim 18, further comprising, selectively trapping the one or more colloidal particles based on size, by tuning one of the illumination intensity of the optical source and rotation frequency of the rotating magnetic field driving the helical support structure. 21. The method as claimed in claim 18, further comprising tuning the illumination of the optical source to permanently trap chemically functionalized particles. 22. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the chemically functionalized particles are selected from coated fluorescent nanodiamonds and quantum dots. 23. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the fluid is a biological fluid. 24. The method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the biological fluid is selected from blood, mucus, cellular fluid, fluid in an organ, and fluid in a tissue. 25. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the fluid is inside a lab-on-chip device. | The present subject matter described herein relates to a Magnetically Augmented Plasmonic Tweezer (MAPT), a method for fabrication of the MAPT, and a method for trapping and maneuvering one or more colloidal particles inside a fluid. The fluid may correspond to a fluid inside a microfluidic device or a biological fluid. The MAPT can comprise a helical support structure to provide maneuverability in fluid. Further, a magnetic component is integrated in the MAPT for motion control. Plasmonic nanostmctures are integrated in the MAPT for optical trapping of particles.1. A Magnetically Augmented Plasmonic Tweezer (MAPT) comprising:
a helical support structure to provide maneuverability in fluid; a magnetic component integrated in the helical support structure for motion control; and plasmonic nanostructures integrated in the helical support structure for optical trapping of particles. 2. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are distributed across a surface of the helical support structure. 3. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are provided towards one end of the helical support structure. 4. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic component is provided towards one end of the helical support structure. 5. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are adapted to trap and release colloidal particles of size in sub-micrometer range. 6. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures trap the particles by one or more of thermophoretic force, near-field plasmonic force, and convective force. 7. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are formed of one or more of Ag, Au, Cu, Al, TiN, and Aluminium-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO). 8. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic component comprises one or more of iron, cobalt, and nickel. 9. The MAPT as claimed in claim 1, wherein the helical support structure is made of a dielectric material. 10. A method for fabricating a Magnetically Augmented Plasmonic Tweezer (MAPT), the method comprising:
depositing a seed layer on a substrate; depositing a magnetic component on the seed layer; growing a film of silica over the magnetic component by rotating the substrate, resulting in formation of a helical support structure integrated with the magnetic component; integrating plasmonic nanostructures with the helical support structure by one of: deposition of a plasmonic material with the magnetic component and deposition of the plasmonic material on the helical support structure; and sonicating the substrate in a fluid to obtain a suspension of the MAPTs in the fluid. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein integrating the plasmonic nanostructures by deposition of the plasmonic material on the helical support structure comprises:
depositing a thin film of the plasmonic material on the helical support structure; and annealing the thin film to form the plasmonic nanostructures. 12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the deposition of the magnetic component is by Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) technique. 13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein integrating the plasmonic nanostructures by deposition of the plasmonic material with the magnetic component comprises depositing alternate layers of the magnetic component and the plasmonic material on the seed layer. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein a thickness of a layer of the magnetic component is greater than and in the similar order of magnitude of a thickness of a layer of the plasmonic material. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein three layers of the plasmonic material are deposited with two layers of the magnetic component in between. 16. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the plasmonic nanostructures are formed by one or more of Ag, Au, Al, Cu, TiN, and Aluminium-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO). 17. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the seed layer on the substrate is a monolayer of colloidal beads. 18. A method for trapping and maneuvering one or more colloidal particles inside a fluid, the method comprising:
driving, by a rotating magnetic field, one or more of magnetically augmented plasmonic tweezers (MAPTs) towards the one or more colloidal particles, wherein the one or more MAPTs comprise a helical support structure, a magnetic component integrated in the helical support structure for motion control, and plasmonic nanostructures integrated in the helical support structure for optical trapping of particles; providing illumination by an optical source to activate the plasmonic nanostructures and trap the one or more colloidal particles; driving, by the rotating magnetic field, the MAPT with the trapped one or more colloidal particles to transport the one or more colloidal particles from a first location to a second location; and reducing the illumination of the optical source below a threshold value to release the one or more colloidal particles from the MAPT at the second location. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the rotating magnetic field is provided by a triaxial Helmholtz coil to maneuver the one or more MAPTs. 20. The method as claimed in claim 18, further comprising, selectively trapping the one or more colloidal particles based on size, by tuning one of the illumination intensity of the optical source and rotation frequency of the rotating magnetic field driving the helical support structure. 21. The method as claimed in claim 18, further comprising tuning the illumination of the optical source to permanently trap chemically functionalized particles. 22. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the chemically functionalized particles are selected from coated fluorescent nanodiamonds and quantum dots. 23. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the fluid is a biological fluid. 24. The method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the biological fluid is selected from blood, mucus, cellular fluid, fluid in an organ, and fluid in a tissue. 25. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the fluid is inside a lab-on-chip device. | 2,400 |
345,514 | 16,643,438 | 1,759 | Polyhydric polymers may be converted to derivatives thereof by reaction with divinyl sulfone to provide vinyl sulfone substituted polymers, where the polymers may additionally be further derivatized, including crosslinked, and the crosslinked and non-crosslinked derivatives may be used in biomedical and other applications. | 1. A hyaluronic acid polymer derivative comprising one or more modified hydroxyl groups, wherein the hyaluronic acid polymer derivative has the formula:
A) HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y)n, where HA is hyaluronic acid, X is S or NH, R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group, and n is the number of modified hydroxyl groups where n≥1; or B) (Y—R2—X—CH2CH2SO2CH2CH2O)m-HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y)n, where HA is hyaluronic acid, X is S or NH, R1 and R2 are each a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, wherein R1 and R2 are different from each other, Y may be the same or different, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group, or an amine group, and n≥1 and m≥1; or C) (CH2═CH—SO2CH2CH2O)m-HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y)n, where HA is hyaluronic acid, X is S or NH, R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group, and n≥1 and m≥1. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. A process for making a derivative polymer of claim 1, comprising:
a) reacting hydroxyl groups of hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer, with divinyl sulfone (DVS) to provide a first HA derivative; and b) reacting the first HA derivative with a nucleophile of a formula X′—R1—Y, or X′—R2—Y, or both to provide a second HA derivative; wherein R1 and R2 are different and each is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, X′ is a nucleophilic group of SH or NH2, and Y is the same or different, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group. 6. The process of claim 5, further comprising step c) derivatizing the second HA derivative polymer by repeating, one or more times, step a) or step a) and step b). 7. The process of claim 5 wherein the second HA derivative is HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y)n (HA-DVS-N), wherein HA is hyaluronic acid, X is S or NH, wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety; Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group, and n≥1. 8. The process of claim 5 wherein 0.25-50% of the hydroxyl groups present on the HA polymer are derivatized to —OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y groups, wherein X is S or NH; wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety; and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group. 9. The process of claim 5 wherein 0.25-50% of the hydroxyl groups present on the HA polymer are derivatized to —OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y and —OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R2—Y groups, wherein R1 and R2 are different, and each is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, X is S or NH; and Y is the same or different, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group. 10. The process of claim 5 wherein 0.25-50% of the hydroxyl groups present on the HA polymer are converted to oxyethyl ethenyl sulfone groups of the formula —OCH2CH2—SO2CH═CH2. 11. The process of claim 5 wherein 0.25-50% of the hydroxyl groups present on the HA polymer are converted to oxyethyl ethenyl sulfone groups of the formula —OCH2CH2—SO2CH═CH2 and —OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y, wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, X is S or NH; and Y is the same or different, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group. 12. The process of claim 5 wherein the first HA derivative is an oxyethyl ethenyl sulfone derivative of hyaluronic acid with the formula: HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH═CH2)n (HA-DVS), wherein n≥1. 13. The process of claim 5 further comprising reacting a product of step b) with a crosslinking agent to provide a crosslinked polymer. 14. A derivative of hyaluronic acid prepared by the process of claim 5. 15. A crosslinked polymer prepared by the process of claim 13. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. A composition comprising a hyaluronic acid polymer derivative of claim 1 and at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, a synthetic polymer, thermosreversible polymer, biodegradable polymer, buffer, complexing agent, tonicity modulator, ionic strength modifier, solvent, anti-oxidant, preservative, viscosity modifier, pH modifier, surfactant, emulsifier, phospholipid, stabilizer or porogen. 19. A composition according to claim 18 further comprising a biologically active agent. 20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a hyaluronic acid polymer derivative of claim 1, wherein the amount is effective to achieve at least one of treating a wound of the subject, filling a void in the subject, relieving joint pain in the subject, preventing surgical adhesions in the subject, sealing tissue in the subject, treating bacterial vaginosis in the subject, treating an ocular condition of the subject, treating mucocitis of the subject, and treating an ear infection of the subject. 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. A method of drug delivery to a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising a hyaluronic acid polymer derivative according to claim 1, and the drug. 31. A method of supporting tissue growth in a subject in need thereof comprising implanting in the subject a tissue scaffold comprising a hyaluronic acid polymer derivative according to claim 1. 32. A medical device comprising a derivative of hyaluronic acid according to claim 1. 33. A method for additive manufacturing comprising producing, with an additive manufacturing apparatus, an article comprising a derivative of hyaluronic acid according to claim 1. 34. A method for producing an electrospun material or article, comprising producing, with an electrospinning device, a material or an article comprising a derivative of hyaluronic acid according to claim 1. | Polyhydric polymers may be converted to derivatives thereof by reaction with divinyl sulfone to provide vinyl sulfone substituted polymers, where the polymers may additionally be further derivatized, including crosslinked, and the crosslinked and non-crosslinked derivatives may be used in biomedical and other applications.1. A hyaluronic acid polymer derivative comprising one or more modified hydroxyl groups, wherein the hyaluronic acid polymer derivative has the formula:
A) HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y)n, where HA is hyaluronic acid, X is S or NH, R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group, and n is the number of modified hydroxyl groups where n≥1; or B) (Y—R2—X—CH2CH2SO2CH2CH2O)m-HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y)n, where HA is hyaluronic acid, X is S or NH, R1 and R2 are each a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, wherein R1 and R2 are different from each other, Y may be the same or different, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group, or an amine group, and n≥1 and m≥1; or C) (CH2═CH—SO2CH2CH2O)m-HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y)n, where HA is hyaluronic acid, X is S or NH, R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group, and n≥1 and m≥1. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. A process for making a derivative polymer of claim 1, comprising:
a) reacting hydroxyl groups of hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer, with divinyl sulfone (DVS) to provide a first HA derivative; and b) reacting the first HA derivative with a nucleophile of a formula X′—R1—Y, or X′—R2—Y, or both to provide a second HA derivative; wherein R1 and R2 are different and each is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, X′ is a nucleophilic group of SH or NH2, and Y is the same or different, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group. 6. The process of claim 5, further comprising step c) derivatizing the second HA derivative polymer by repeating, one or more times, step a) or step a) and step b). 7. The process of claim 5 wherein the second HA derivative is HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y)n (HA-DVS-N), wherein HA is hyaluronic acid, X is S or NH, wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety; Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group, and n≥1. 8. The process of claim 5 wherein 0.25-50% of the hydroxyl groups present on the HA polymer are derivatized to —OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y groups, wherein X is S or NH; wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety; and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group. 9. The process of claim 5 wherein 0.25-50% of the hydroxyl groups present on the HA polymer are derivatized to —OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y and —OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R2—Y groups, wherein R1 and R2 are different, and each is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, X is S or NH; and Y is the same or different, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group. 10. The process of claim 5 wherein 0.25-50% of the hydroxyl groups present on the HA polymer are converted to oxyethyl ethenyl sulfone groups of the formula —OCH2CH2—SO2CH═CH2. 11. The process of claim 5 wherein 0.25-50% of the hydroxyl groups present on the HA polymer are converted to oxyethyl ethenyl sulfone groups of the formula —OCH2CH2—SO2CH═CH2 and —OCH2CH2SO2CH2CH2—X—R1—Y, wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic or aromatic moiety, X is S or NH; and Y is the same or different, and Y is one or more of H, a carboxylic acid group or a salt or ester thereof, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or an amine group. 12. The process of claim 5 wherein the first HA derivative is an oxyethyl ethenyl sulfone derivative of hyaluronic acid with the formula: HA-(OCH2CH2SO2CH═CH2)n (HA-DVS), wherein n≥1. 13. The process of claim 5 further comprising reacting a product of step b) with a crosslinking agent to provide a crosslinked polymer. 14. A derivative of hyaluronic acid prepared by the process of claim 5. 15. A crosslinked polymer prepared by the process of claim 13. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. A composition comprising a hyaluronic acid polymer derivative of claim 1 and at least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, a synthetic polymer, thermosreversible polymer, biodegradable polymer, buffer, complexing agent, tonicity modulator, ionic strength modifier, solvent, anti-oxidant, preservative, viscosity modifier, pH modifier, surfactant, emulsifier, phospholipid, stabilizer or porogen. 19. A composition according to claim 18 further comprising a biologically active agent. 20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a hyaluronic acid polymer derivative of claim 1, wherein the amount is effective to achieve at least one of treating a wound of the subject, filling a void in the subject, relieving joint pain in the subject, preventing surgical adhesions in the subject, sealing tissue in the subject, treating bacterial vaginosis in the subject, treating an ocular condition of the subject, treating mucocitis of the subject, and treating an ear infection of the subject. 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. (canceled) 30. A method of drug delivery to a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising a hyaluronic acid polymer derivative according to claim 1, and the drug. 31. A method of supporting tissue growth in a subject in need thereof comprising implanting in the subject a tissue scaffold comprising a hyaluronic acid polymer derivative according to claim 1. 32. A medical device comprising a derivative of hyaluronic acid according to claim 1. 33. A method for additive manufacturing comprising producing, with an additive manufacturing apparatus, an article comprising a derivative of hyaluronic acid according to claim 1. 34. A method for producing an electrospun material or article, comprising producing, with an electrospinning device, a material or an article comprising a derivative of hyaluronic acid according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
345,515 | 16,643,402 | 1,759 | The present invention provides a method for modifying a targeted site of a double-stranded DNA in a cell, the method including a step of bringing a complex in which a nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module that specifically binds to a selected target nucleotide sequence in a double-stranded DNA and a nucleic acid base converting enzyme or DNA glycosylase are linked, and a donor DNA containing an insertion sequence into contact with said double-stranded DNA, to substitute the targeted site with the insertion sequence, or insert the insertion sequence into said targeted site, without cleaving at least one strand of said double-stranded DNA in the targeted site. | 1. A method for modifying a targeted site of a double-stranded DNA of a cell, comprising a step of bringing a complex in which a nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module that specifically binds to a selected target nucleotide sequence in a double-stranded DNA and a nucleic acid base converting enzyme or DNA glycosylase are linked, and a donor DNA containing an insertion sequence into contact with said double-stranded DNA, to substitute the targeted site with the insertion sequence, or to insert the insertion sequence into said targeted site, without cleaving at least one strand of said double-stranded DNA in the targeted site. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the donor DNA comprises a sequence homologous to a region adjacent to the targeted site. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module is selected from the group consisting of a CRISPR-Cas system in which at least one DNA cleavage ability of Cas effector protein is inactivated, a zinc finger motif, a TAL effector and a PPR motif. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module is a CRISPR-Cas system in which only one of the two DNA cleavage abilities of the Cas effector protein is inactivated. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module is a CRISPR-Cas system in which both DNA cleavage abilities of the Cas effector protein are inactivated. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid base converting enzyme is a deaminase. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the deaminase is cytidine deaminase. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cytidine deaminase is PmCDA1. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the double-stranded DNA is contacted with the complex by introducing a nucleic acid encoding the complex into the cell. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cell is a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the cell is a microbial cell. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the cell is a plant cell, an insect cell or an animal cell. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the animal cell is a vertebrate cell. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the vertebrate cell is a mammalian cell. | The present invention provides a method for modifying a targeted site of a double-stranded DNA in a cell, the method including a step of bringing a complex in which a nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module that specifically binds to a selected target nucleotide sequence in a double-stranded DNA and a nucleic acid base converting enzyme or DNA glycosylase are linked, and a donor DNA containing an insertion sequence into contact with said double-stranded DNA, to substitute the targeted site with the insertion sequence, or insert the insertion sequence into said targeted site, without cleaving at least one strand of said double-stranded DNA in the targeted site.1. A method for modifying a targeted site of a double-stranded DNA of a cell, comprising a step of bringing a complex in which a nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module that specifically binds to a selected target nucleotide sequence in a double-stranded DNA and a nucleic acid base converting enzyme or DNA glycosylase are linked, and a donor DNA containing an insertion sequence into contact with said double-stranded DNA, to substitute the targeted site with the insertion sequence, or to insert the insertion sequence into said targeted site, without cleaving at least one strand of said double-stranded DNA in the targeted site. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the donor DNA comprises a sequence homologous to a region adjacent to the targeted site. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module is selected from the group consisting of a CRISPR-Cas system in which at least one DNA cleavage ability of Cas effector protein is inactivated, a zinc finger motif, a TAL effector and a PPR motif. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module is a CRISPR-Cas system in which only one of the two DNA cleavage abilities of the Cas effector protein is inactivated. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid sequence-recognizing module is a CRISPR-Cas system in which both DNA cleavage abilities of the Cas effector protein are inactivated. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid base converting enzyme is a deaminase. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the deaminase is cytidine deaminase. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cytidine deaminase is PmCDA1. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the double-stranded DNA is contacted with the complex by introducing a nucleic acid encoding the complex into the cell. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cell is a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the cell is a microbial cell. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the cell is a plant cell, an insect cell or an animal cell. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the animal cell is a vertebrate cell. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the vertebrate cell is a mammalian cell. | 1,700 |
345,516 | 16,643,460 | 1,759 | A photographing method, a photographing device and a mobile terminal. The photographing method comprises steps of: acquiring, when a lens is at a first position, a first distance between a photographed object and the lens and a second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on a photosensitive chip, wherein the first position is a position where the lens is located when the photographed object has the highest imaging definition; determining a second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and controlling the lens to move from the second position to the first position to photograph the photographed object. | 1. A photographing method, comprising:
acquiring, when a lens is at a first position, a first distance between a photographed object and the lens and a second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on a photosensitive chip, wherein the first position is a position where the lens is located when the photographed object has the highest imaging definition; determining a second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and controlling the lens to move from the second position to the first position to photograph the photographed object. 2. The photographing method according to claim 1, wherein when the lens is included in a single-lens camera, the step of acquiring, when the lens is at the first position, the first distance between the photographed object and the lens comprises:
acquiring a third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip when the lens is at the first position; and calculating the first distance between the photographed object and the lens according to the third distance. 3. The photographing method according to claim 2, wherein the step of acquiring the third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip when the lens is at the first position comprises:
acquiring a current value of a motor for driving the lens to move when the lens is at the first position; calculating, according to the current value, an intermediate distance by which the lens moves from an initial position to the first position; and calculating, according to the intermediate distance, the third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip. 4. The photographing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring the second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip comprises:
determining a tracking area where the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip with the maximum contrast; determining a number of pixels of the tracking area moving on the photosensitive chip; and acquiring the second distance by which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip according to the number of pixels. 5. The photographing method according to claim 4, wherein the step of determining the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance comprises:
acquiring a fourth distance by which the lens moves after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and determining the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the fourth distance and a first direction in which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip. 6. The photographing method according to claim 5, wherein the step of controlling the lens to move from the second position to the first position comprises:
determining a current to be output of the motor according to the fourth distance; and controlling an output current of a motor according to the current to be output to drive the lens to move from the second position to the first position. 7. A photographing device, comprising:
an acquisition module configured to acquire, when a lens is at a first position, a first distance between a photographed object and the lens and a second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on a photosensitive chip, wherein the first position is a position where the lens is located when the photographed object has the highest imaging definition; a determination module configured to determine a second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and a control module configured to control the lens to move from the second position to the first position to photograph the photographed object. 8. The photographing device according to claim 7, wherein when the lens is included in a single-lens camera, the determination module comprises:
a first acquisition unit configured to acquire a third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip when the lens is at the first position; and a second acquisition unit configured to acquire the first distance between the photographed object and the lens according to the third distance. 9. The photographing device according to claim 8, wherein the first acquisition unit comprises:
a first acquisition sub-unit configured to acquire a current value of a motor for driving the lens to move when the lens is at the first position; a second acquisition sub-unit configured to calculate, according to the current value, an intermediate distance by which the lens moves from an initial position to the first position; and a third acquisition sub-unit configured to calculate, according to the intermediate distance, the third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip. 10. The photographing device according to claim 7, wherein the acquisition module further comprises:
a first determination unit configured to determine a tracking area where the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip with the maximum contrast; a second determination unit configured to determine a number of pixels of the tracking area moving on the photosensitive chip; and a third acquisition unit configured to acquire the second distance by which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip according to the number of pixels. 11. The photographing device according to claim 10, wherein the determination module comprises:
a fourth acquisition unit configured to acquire a fourth distance by which the lens moves after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and a third determination unit configured to determine the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the fourth distance and a first direction in which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip. 12. The photographing device according to claim 11, wherein the control module comprises:
a fourth determination unit configured to determine a current to be output of the motor according to the fourth distance; and a control unit configured to control an output current of a motor according to the current to be output to drive the lens to move from the second position to the first position. 13. A mobile terminal comprising a memory, a processor and a computer executable program stored in the memory, wherein the processor, when executing the computer executable program, implements the photographing method according to claim 1. 14. The photographing method according to claim 3, wherein the step of acquiring the second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip comprises:
determining a tracking area where the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip with the maximum contrast; determining a number of pixels of the tracking area moving on the photosensitive chip; and acquiring the second distance by which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip according to the number of pixels. 15. The photographing method according to claim 14, wherein the step of determining the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance comprises:
acquiring a fourth distance by which the lens moves after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and determining the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the fourth distance and a first direction in which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip. 16. The photographing method according to claim 15, wherein the step of controlling the lens to move from the second position to the first position comprises:
determining a current to be output of the motor according to the fourth distance; and controlling an output current of a motor according to the current to be output to drive the lens to move from the second position to the first position. 17. The photographing device according to claim 9, wherein the acquisition module further comprises:
a first determination unit configured to determine a tracking area where the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip with the maximum contrast; a second determination unit configured to determine a number of pixels of the tracking area moving on the photosensitive chip; and a third acquisition unit configured to acquire the second distance by which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip according to the number of pixels. 18. The photographing device according to claim 17, wherein the determination module comprises:
a fourth acquisition unit configured to acquire a fourth distance by which the lens moves after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and a third determination unit configured to determine the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the fourth distance and a first direction in which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip. 19. The photographing device according to claim 18, wherein the control module comprises:
a fourth determination unit configured to determine a current to be output of the motor according to the fourth distance; and a control unit configured to control an output current of a motor according to the current to be output to drive the lens to move from the second position to the first position. | A photographing method, a photographing device and a mobile terminal. The photographing method comprises steps of: acquiring, when a lens is at a first position, a first distance between a photographed object and the lens and a second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on a photosensitive chip, wherein the first position is a position where the lens is located when the photographed object has the highest imaging definition; determining a second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and controlling the lens to move from the second position to the first position to photograph the photographed object.1. A photographing method, comprising:
acquiring, when a lens is at a first position, a first distance between a photographed object and the lens and a second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on a photosensitive chip, wherein the first position is a position where the lens is located when the photographed object has the highest imaging definition; determining a second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and controlling the lens to move from the second position to the first position to photograph the photographed object. 2. The photographing method according to claim 1, wherein when the lens is included in a single-lens camera, the step of acquiring, when the lens is at the first position, the first distance between the photographed object and the lens comprises:
acquiring a third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip when the lens is at the first position; and calculating the first distance between the photographed object and the lens according to the third distance. 3. The photographing method according to claim 2, wherein the step of acquiring the third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip when the lens is at the first position comprises:
acquiring a current value of a motor for driving the lens to move when the lens is at the first position; calculating, according to the current value, an intermediate distance by which the lens moves from an initial position to the first position; and calculating, according to the intermediate distance, the third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip. 4. The photographing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring the second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip comprises:
determining a tracking area where the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip with the maximum contrast; determining a number of pixels of the tracking area moving on the photosensitive chip; and acquiring the second distance by which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip according to the number of pixels. 5. The photographing method according to claim 4, wherein the step of determining the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance comprises:
acquiring a fourth distance by which the lens moves after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and determining the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the fourth distance and a first direction in which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip. 6. The photographing method according to claim 5, wherein the step of controlling the lens to move from the second position to the first position comprises:
determining a current to be output of the motor according to the fourth distance; and controlling an output current of a motor according to the current to be output to drive the lens to move from the second position to the first position. 7. A photographing device, comprising:
an acquisition module configured to acquire, when a lens is at a first position, a first distance between a photographed object and the lens and a second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on a photosensitive chip, wherein the first position is a position where the lens is located when the photographed object has the highest imaging definition; a determination module configured to determine a second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and a control module configured to control the lens to move from the second position to the first position to photograph the photographed object. 8. The photographing device according to claim 7, wherein when the lens is included in a single-lens camera, the determination module comprises:
a first acquisition unit configured to acquire a third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip when the lens is at the first position; and a second acquisition unit configured to acquire the first distance between the photographed object and the lens according to the third distance. 9. The photographing device according to claim 8, wherein the first acquisition unit comprises:
a first acquisition sub-unit configured to acquire a current value of a motor for driving the lens to move when the lens is at the first position; a second acquisition sub-unit configured to calculate, according to the current value, an intermediate distance by which the lens moves from an initial position to the first position; and a third acquisition sub-unit configured to calculate, according to the intermediate distance, the third distance between the lens and the photosensitive chip. 10. The photographing device according to claim 7, wherein the acquisition module further comprises:
a first determination unit configured to determine a tracking area where the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip with the maximum contrast; a second determination unit configured to determine a number of pixels of the tracking area moving on the photosensitive chip; and a third acquisition unit configured to acquire the second distance by which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip according to the number of pixels. 11. The photographing device according to claim 10, wherein the determination module comprises:
a fourth acquisition unit configured to acquire a fourth distance by which the lens moves after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and a third determination unit configured to determine the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the fourth distance and a first direction in which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip. 12. The photographing device according to claim 11, wherein the control module comprises:
a fourth determination unit configured to determine a current to be output of the motor according to the fourth distance; and a control unit configured to control an output current of a motor according to the current to be output to drive the lens to move from the second position to the first position. 13. A mobile terminal comprising a memory, a processor and a computer executable program stored in the memory, wherein the processor, when executing the computer executable program, implements the photographing method according to claim 1. 14. The photographing method according to claim 3, wherein the step of acquiring the second distance by which the photographed object moves after the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip comprises:
determining a tracking area where the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip with the maximum contrast; determining a number of pixels of the tracking area moving on the photosensitive chip; and acquiring the second distance by which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip according to the number of pixels. 15. The photographing method according to claim 14, wherein the step of determining the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance comprises:
acquiring a fourth distance by which the lens moves after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and determining the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the fourth distance and a first direction in which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip. 16. The photographing method according to claim 15, wherein the step of controlling the lens to move from the second position to the first position comprises:
determining a current to be output of the motor according to the fourth distance; and controlling an output current of a motor according to the current to be output to drive the lens to move from the second position to the first position. 17. The photographing device according to claim 9, wherein the acquisition module further comprises:
a first determination unit configured to determine a tracking area where the photographed object is projected on the photosensitive chip with the maximum contrast; a second determination unit configured to determine a number of pixels of the tracking area moving on the photosensitive chip; and a third acquisition unit configured to acquire the second distance by which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip according to the number of pixels. 18. The photographing device according to claim 17, wherein the determination module comprises:
a fourth acquisition unit configured to acquire a fourth distance by which the lens moves after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the first distance and the second distance; and a third determination unit configured to determine the second position of the lens after the lens is shifted from the first position according to the fourth distance and a first direction in which the tracking area moves on the photosensitive chip. 19. The photographing device according to claim 18, wherein the control module comprises:
a fourth determination unit configured to determine a current to be output of the motor according to the fourth distance; and a control unit configured to control an output current of a motor according to the current to be output to drive the lens to move from the second position to the first position. | 1,700 |
345,517 | 16,643,429 | 1,759 | A bio electrode and a method of forming the same are provided. The bio electrode comprises a first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite comprising a first core-shell nanowire and a first polymer. The method of forming a bio electrode comprises a step of forming a core-shell nanowire by carrying out epitaxial growth of a biocompatible metal on a surface of a core comprising a conductive metal. | 1. A bio electrode comprising a first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite comprising a first core-shell nanowire and a first polymer. 2. The bio electrode of claim 1 further comprising a first insulating layer disposed on the first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite, and a second core-shell nanowire/polymer composite disposed on the first insulating layer and comprising a second core-shell nanowire and a second polymer. 3. The bio electrode of claim 2, wherein the core comprises a conductive metal and the shell comprises a biocompatible metal in the first core-shell nanowire and the second core-shell nanowire. 4. The bio electrode of claim 3, wherein the conductive metal comprises silver and the biocompatible metal comprises gold. 5. The bio electrode of claim 2, wherein the first and second polymers comprise polymer rubber. 6. The bio electrode of claim 5, wherein the polymer rubber comprises SBS rubber. 7. The bio electrode of claim 2, wherein the first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite has a mesh shape and comprises a plurality of first line electrodes, and the second core-shell nanowire/polymer composite has a mesh shape and comprises a plurality of second line electrodes. 8. The bio electrode of claim 7 further comprising a polymer conduction layer disposed on or under at least any one of the first and second line electrodes. 9. The bio electrode of claim 8, wherein the polymer conduction layer comprises PEDOT. 10. The bio electrode of claim 7, wherein the first and second line electrodes have a serpentine shape. 11. The bio electrode of claim 2 further comprising a second insulating layer disposed under the first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite, and a third insulating layer disposed on the second core-shell nanowire/polymer composite, wherein the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer comprise polymer rubber. 12. The bio electrode of claim 11, wherein the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer have a mesh shape. 13. The bio electrode of claim 1, wherein the bio electrode has a fan shape. 14. The bio electrode of claim 1, wherein the bio electrode is a cardiac mesh electrode. 15-23. (canceled) | A bio electrode and a method of forming the same are provided. The bio electrode comprises a first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite comprising a first core-shell nanowire and a first polymer. The method of forming a bio electrode comprises a step of forming a core-shell nanowire by carrying out epitaxial growth of a biocompatible metal on a surface of a core comprising a conductive metal.1. A bio electrode comprising a first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite comprising a first core-shell nanowire and a first polymer. 2. The bio electrode of claim 1 further comprising a first insulating layer disposed on the first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite, and a second core-shell nanowire/polymer composite disposed on the first insulating layer and comprising a second core-shell nanowire and a second polymer. 3. The bio electrode of claim 2, wherein the core comprises a conductive metal and the shell comprises a biocompatible metal in the first core-shell nanowire and the second core-shell nanowire. 4. The bio electrode of claim 3, wherein the conductive metal comprises silver and the biocompatible metal comprises gold. 5. The bio electrode of claim 2, wherein the first and second polymers comprise polymer rubber. 6. The bio electrode of claim 5, wherein the polymer rubber comprises SBS rubber. 7. The bio electrode of claim 2, wherein the first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite has a mesh shape and comprises a plurality of first line electrodes, and the second core-shell nanowire/polymer composite has a mesh shape and comprises a plurality of second line electrodes. 8. The bio electrode of claim 7 further comprising a polymer conduction layer disposed on or under at least any one of the first and second line electrodes. 9. The bio electrode of claim 8, wherein the polymer conduction layer comprises PEDOT. 10. The bio electrode of claim 7, wherein the first and second line electrodes have a serpentine shape. 11. The bio electrode of claim 2 further comprising a second insulating layer disposed under the first core-shell nanowire/polymer composite, and a third insulating layer disposed on the second core-shell nanowire/polymer composite, wherein the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer comprise polymer rubber. 12. The bio electrode of claim 11, wherein the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer have a mesh shape. 13. The bio electrode of claim 1, wherein the bio electrode has a fan shape. 14. The bio electrode of claim 1, wherein the bio electrode is a cardiac mesh electrode. 15-23. (canceled) | 1,700 |
345,518 | 16,643,343 | 1,759 | This document describes methods and devices for using electrical stimulation to control physiological functions such as breathing of patients suffering from respiratory impairment. For example, this document describes methods and devices for generating effective breaths and airway protection by determining times and depths of breaths in accordance with physiological demand, and coordinating respiratory muscle stimulation with the breaths to control breathing. | 1. A system for controlling breathing, the system comprising:
a sensing electrode that senses electromyography (EMG) or electroneurogram (ENG) data from a throat muscle or nerve of a patient; a stimulation electrode that provides stimulation to a diaphragm of the patient; and an implantable medical device communicably coupled to the sensing electrode and the stimulation electrode, the implantable medical device comprising:
a memory that is capable of storing computer executable instructions; and
a processor that is configured to facilitate execution of the computer executable instructions stored in memory, wherein the computer executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive the EMG or ENG data from the sensing electrode;
detect an intent of the patient to take a breath based on the received EMG or ENG data; and
deliver an electrical signal to the diaphragm via the stimulation electrodes when the intent of the patient to take a breath is detected. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the throat muscle is a posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein an intent of the patient to take a breath is detected based on an initiation of a contraction of a neck muscle. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the electrical signal comprises an onset delay. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the onset delay corresponds to a natural delay between the initiation of the contraction of the throat muscle and a contraction of the diaphragm during normal breathing. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer executable instructions further cause the processor to determine a magnitude of a contraction of the throat muscle. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the electrical signal comprises an amplitude and wherein the amplitude corresponds to the magnitude of the contraction of the throat muscle. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer executable instructions further cause the processor to detect a non-breath comprising at least one of coughing, chewing, movement of a neck, and swallowing and inhibit delivering of electrical signals upon detecting the non-breath. 9. A method of controlling breathing, the method comprising:
receiving, from a sensing electrode, electromyography (EMG) or electroneurogram (ENG) data from a throat muscle or a throat nerve of a patient; detecting, via a processor, an intent of the patient to take a breath from the EMG or ENG data; and delivering, via a stimulation electrode, an electrical signal to a diaphragm or a phrenic nerve of the patient when the intent of the patient to take a breath is detected. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the throat muscle is a posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the intent of the patient to take a breath is detected based on an initiation of a contraction of the throat muscle. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrical signal comprises an onset delay. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the onset delay corresponds to a natural delay between the initiation of the contraction of the throat muscle and a contraction of the diaphragm during normal breathing. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising determining a magnitude of a contraction of the throat muscle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the electrical signal comprises an amplitude and wherein the amplitude corresponds to the magnitude of the contraction of the throat muscle. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising detecting a non-breath comprising at least one of coughing, chewing, movement of a neck, and swallowing and inhibiting delivery of electrical signals upon detecting the non-breath. 17. An implantable medical device configured to be communicably coupled to a sensing electrode and a stimulation electrode, the implantable medical device comprising:
a memory that is capable of storing computer executable instructions; and a processor that is configured to facilitate execution of the computer executable instructions stored in memory, wherein the computer executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive electromyography (EMG) or electroneurogram (ENG) data from a throat muscle or nerve of a patient;
detect an intent of the patient to take a breath from the EMG or ENG data; and
deliver an electrical signal to a diaphragm of the patient when the breath is detected. 18. The implantable medical device of claim 17, wherein the throat muscle is a posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. 19. The implantable medical device of claim 17, wherein the intent of the patient to take a breath is detected based on an initiation of a contraction of the throat muscle. 20. The implantable medical device of claim 19, wherein the electrical signal comprises an onset delay and wherein the onset delay corresponds to a natural delay between the initiation of the contraction of the throat muscle and a contraction of the diaphragm during normal breathing. | This document describes methods and devices for using electrical stimulation to control physiological functions such as breathing of patients suffering from respiratory impairment. For example, this document describes methods and devices for generating effective breaths and airway protection by determining times and depths of breaths in accordance with physiological demand, and coordinating respiratory muscle stimulation with the breaths to control breathing.1. A system for controlling breathing, the system comprising:
a sensing electrode that senses electromyography (EMG) or electroneurogram (ENG) data from a throat muscle or nerve of a patient; a stimulation electrode that provides stimulation to a diaphragm of the patient; and an implantable medical device communicably coupled to the sensing electrode and the stimulation electrode, the implantable medical device comprising:
a memory that is capable of storing computer executable instructions; and
a processor that is configured to facilitate execution of the computer executable instructions stored in memory, wherein the computer executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive the EMG or ENG data from the sensing electrode;
detect an intent of the patient to take a breath based on the received EMG or ENG data; and
deliver an electrical signal to the diaphragm via the stimulation electrodes when the intent of the patient to take a breath is detected. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the throat muscle is a posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein an intent of the patient to take a breath is detected based on an initiation of a contraction of a neck muscle. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the electrical signal comprises an onset delay. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the onset delay corresponds to a natural delay between the initiation of the contraction of the throat muscle and a contraction of the diaphragm during normal breathing. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer executable instructions further cause the processor to determine a magnitude of a contraction of the throat muscle. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the electrical signal comprises an amplitude and wherein the amplitude corresponds to the magnitude of the contraction of the throat muscle. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer executable instructions further cause the processor to detect a non-breath comprising at least one of coughing, chewing, movement of a neck, and swallowing and inhibit delivering of electrical signals upon detecting the non-breath. 9. A method of controlling breathing, the method comprising:
receiving, from a sensing electrode, electromyography (EMG) or electroneurogram (ENG) data from a throat muscle or a throat nerve of a patient; detecting, via a processor, an intent of the patient to take a breath from the EMG or ENG data; and delivering, via a stimulation electrode, an electrical signal to a diaphragm or a phrenic nerve of the patient when the intent of the patient to take a breath is detected. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the throat muscle is a posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the intent of the patient to take a breath is detected based on an initiation of a contraction of the throat muscle. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrical signal comprises an onset delay. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the onset delay corresponds to a natural delay between the initiation of the contraction of the throat muscle and a contraction of the diaphragm during normal breathing. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising determining a magnitude of a contraction of the throat muscle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the electrical signal comprises an amplitude and wherein the amplitude corresponds to the magnitude of the contraction of the throat muscle. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising detecting a non-breath comprising at least one of coughing, chewing, movement of a neck, and swallowing and inhibiting delivery of electrical signals upon detecting the non-breath. 17. An implantable medical device configured to be communicably coupled to a sensing electrode and a stimulation electrode, the implantable medical device comprising:
a memory that is capable of storing computer executable instructions; and a processor that is configured to facilitate execution of the computer executable instructions stored in memory, wherein the computer executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive electromyography (EMG) or electroneurogram (ENG) data from a throat muscle or nerve of a patient;
detect an intent of the patient to take a breath from the EMG or ENG data; and
deliver an electrical signal to a diaphragm of the patient when the breath is detected. 18. The implantable medical device of claim 17, wherein the throat muscle is a posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. 19. The implantable medical device of claim 17, wherein the intent of the patient to take a breath is detected based on an initiation of a contraction of the throat muscle. 20. The implantable medical device of claim 19, wherein the electrical signal comprises an onset delay and wherein the onset delay corresponds to a natural delay between the initiation of the contraction of the throat muscle and a contraction of the diaphragm during normal breathing. | 1,700 |
345,519 | 16,643,428 | 1,759 | A method for receiving a WUR PPDU in WLAN by an STA according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise the steps of: receiving a WUR PPDU including a WUR preamble and a payload; acquiring information on a data rate applied to the payload, on the basis of a synchronization sequence of the WUR preamble; and decoding the payload on the basis of the information on the data rate, wherein the STA determines that the data rate applied to the payload is 250 kbps when the synchronization sequence is a first sequence having a length of 32 bits, and determines that the data rate applied to the payload is 62.5 kbps when the synchronization sequence is a second sequence having a length of 64 bits. | 1. A method for receiving a wake-up radio (WUR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), by a station (STA), in a wireless LAN (WLAN), the method comprising:
receiving a WUR PPDU including a WUR preamble and a payload; obtaining information on a data rate of the payload based on a synchronization sequence of the WUR preamble; and decoding the payload based on the information on the data rate, wherein in case the synchronization sequence is a first sequence having a 32-bit length, the data rate of the payload is determined as 250 kbps, and wherein in case the synchronization sequence is a second sequence having a 64-bit length, the data rate of the payload is determined as 62.5 kbps. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the STA determines a length of 1 symbol in the WUR preamble as 2 us regardless of whether the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps or 62.5 kbps. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps, a length of the WUR preamble is equal to 64 us, and
wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 62.5 kbps, a length of the WUR preamble is equal to 128 us. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first sequence is a sequence capable of being obtained based on part of the second sequence. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the part of the second sequence is a left half of the second sequence or a right half of the second sequence. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the STA differently determines the length of 1 symbol in the payload based on whether the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps or 62.5 kbps and decodes the payload. 7. A method for transmitting a wake-up radio (WUR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), by an access point (AP), in a wireless LAN (WLAN), the method comprising:
determining a data rate of a payload of a WUR PPDU; configuring a synchronization sequence of a WUR preamble based on the determined data rate; and transmitting the WUR PPDU including the WUR preamble and the payload, wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps, the synchronization sequence is determined as a first sequence having a 32-bit length, and wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 62.5 kbps, the synchronization sequence is determined as a second sequence having 64-bit length. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the AP configures a length of 1 symbol in the WUR preamble as 2 us regardless of whether the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps or 62.5 kbps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps, a length of the WUR preamble is equal to 64 us, and
wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 62.5 kbps, a length of the WUR preamble is equal to 128 us. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the first sequence is a sequence capable of being obtained based on part of the second sequence. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the part of the second sequence is a left half of the second sequence or a right half of the second sequence. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the AP differently configures the length of 1 symbol in the payload based on whether the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps or 62.5 kbps. 13. A station (STA) for receiving a wake-up radio (WUR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) in a wireless LAN (WLAN), the STA comprising:
a WUR receiver; and a processor receiving a WUR PPDU including a WUR preamble and a payload through the WUR receiver, obtaining information on a data rate of the payload based on a synchronization sequence of the WUR preamble, and decoding the payload based on the information on the data rate, wherein in case the synchronization sequence is a first sequence having a 32-bit length, the data rate of the payload is determined as 250 kbps, and wherein in case the synchronization sequence is a second sequence having a 64-bit length, the data rate of the payload is determined as 62.5 kbps. 14. An access point (AP) for transmitting a wake-up radio (WUR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) in a wireless LAN (WLAN), the AP comprising:
a transmitter; and a processor determining a data rate of a payload of a WUR PPDU, configuring a synchronization sequence of a WUR preamble based on the determined data rate, and transmitting the WUR PPDU including the WUR preamble and the payload through the transmitter, wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps, as the synchronization sequence is determined as a first sequence having a 32-bit length, and wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 62.5 kbps, as the synchronization sequence is determined as a second sequence having a 64-bit length. | A method for receiving a WUR PPDU in WLAN by an STA according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise the steps of: receiving a WUR PPDU including a WUR preamble and a payload; acquiring information on a data rate applied to the payload, on the basis of a synchronization sequence of the WUR preamble; and decoding the payload on the basis of the information on the data rate, wherein the STA determines that the data rate applied to the payload is 250 kbps when the synchronization sequence is a first sequence having a length of 32 bits, and determines that the data rate applied to the payload is 62.5 kbps when the synchronization sequence is a second sequence having a length of 64 bits.1. A method for receiving a wake-up radio (WUR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), by a station (STA), in a wireless LAN (WLAN), the method comprising:
receiving a WUR PPDU including a WUR preamble and a payload; obtaining information on a data rate of the payload based on a synchronization sequence of the WUR preamble; and decoding the payload based on the information on the data rate, wherein in case the synchronization sequence is a first sequence having a 32-bit length, the data rate of the payload is determined as 250 kbps, and wherein in case the synchronization sequence is a second sequence having a 64-bit length, the data rate of the payload is determined as 62.5 kbps. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the STA determines a length of 1 symbol in the WUR preamble as 2 us regardless of whether the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps or 62.5 kbps. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps, a length of the WUR preamble is equal to 64 us, and
wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 62.5 kbps, a length of the WUR preamble is equal to 128 us. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first sequence is a sequence capable of being obtained based on part of the second sequence. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the part of the second sequence is a left half of the second sequence or a right half of the second sequence. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the STA differently determines the length of 1 symbol in the payload based on whether the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps or 62.5 kbps and decodes the payload. 7. A method for transmitting a wake-up radio (WUR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), by an access point (AP), in a wireless LAN (WLAN), the method comprising:
determining a data rate of a payload of a WUR PPDU; configuring a synchronization sequence of a WUR preamble based on the determined data rate; and transmitting the WUR PPDU including the WUR preamble and the payload, wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps, the synchronization sequence is determined as a first sequence having a 32-bit length, and wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 62.5 kbps, the synchronization sequence is determined as a second sequence having 64-bit length. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the AP configures a length of 1 symbol in the WUR preamble as 2 us regardless of whether the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps or 62.5 kbps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps, a length of the WUR preamble is equal to 64 us, and
wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 62.5 kbps, a length of the WUR preamble is equal to 128 us. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the first sequence is a sequence capable of being obtained based on part of the second sequence. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the part of the second sequence is a left half of the second sequence or a right half of the second sequence. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the AP differently configures the length of 1 symbol in the payload based on whether the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps or 62.5 kbps. 13. A station (STA) for receiving a wake-up radio (WUR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) in a wireless LAN (WLAN), the STA comprising:
a WUR receiver; and a processor receiving a WUR PPDU including a WUR preamble and a payload through the WUR receiver, obtaining information on a data rate of the payload based on a synchronization sequence of the WUR preamble, and decoding the payload based on the information on the data rate, wherein in case the synchronization sequence is a first sequence having a 32-bit length, the data rate of the payload is determined as 250 kbps, and wherein in case the synchronization sequence is a second sequence having a 64-bit length, the data rate of the payload is determined as 62.5 kbps. 14. An access point (AP) for transmitting a wake-up radio (WUR) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) in a wireless LAN (WLAN), the AP comprising:
a transmitter; and a processor determining a data rate of a payload of a WUR PPDU, configuring a synchronization sequence of a WUR preamble based on the determined data rate, and transmitting the WUR PPDU including the WUR preamble and the payload through the transmitter, wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 250 kbps, as the synchronization sequence is determined as a first sequence having a 32-bit length, and wherein in case the data rate of the payload is 62.5 kbps, as the synchronization sequence is determined as a second sequence having a 64-bit length. | 1,700 |
345,520 | 16,643,411 | 1,759 | An antibody for being specifically bound to a pro brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pro-BDNF) and a bound epitope. The antibody and the protein are used for treating autoimmune diseases. By inhibiting the activity induced by the pro-BDNF, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephriti, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma or cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases are treated. | 1. A polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 41. 2. A polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 44. 3. A polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 47. 4. A protein that specifically binds to the polypeptide of claim 1. 5. The protein of claim 4, wherein the binding affinity of the protein to human pro-BDNF is <10 nM. 6. The protein of claim 4, wherein the protein is an antibody or an antibody fragment. 7. The protein of claim 6, wherein the light chain variable region of the antibody or an antibody fragment has:
CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 14; CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 15; and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 16. 8. The protein of claim 7, wherein the light chain variable region of the antibody or an antibody fragment has:
CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4; CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5; and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6; or CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16. 9. The protein of claim 6, wherein the heavy chain variable region of the antibody or an antibody fragment has:
CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 11; CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 12; and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 13. 10. The protein of claim 9, wherein the heavy chain variable region of the antibody or an antibody fragment has:
CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; or CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13. 11. The protein of claim 6, wherein the antibody or an antibody fragment is selected from:
Antibody or an antibody fragment (a): the heavy chain variable region comprises the sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3, and the light chain variable region comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6; Antibody or an antibody fragment (b): the heavy chain variable region comprises the sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13, and the light chain variable region comprises the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 16; Antibody or an antibody fragment (c): a variant of antibody or an antibody fragment (a) or antibody or an antibody fragment (b), which has or substantially has the activity of antibody (a) or antibody (b). 12. The protein of claim 6, wherein the antibody or an antibody fragment is selected from:
Antibody or an antibody fragment (d): having a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8; Antibody or an antibody fragment (e): having a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 and a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18; Antibody or an antibody fragment (g): having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 21; Antibody or an antibody fragment (h): having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22; Antibody or an antibody fragment (f): a variant of antibody or an antibody fragment (d) or antibody or an antibody fragment (e) or antibody or an antibody fragment (g) or antibody or an antibody fragment (h), which has or substantially has the activity of antibody or an antibody fragment (d) or antibody or an antibody fragment (e) or antibody or an antibody fragment (g) or antibody or an antibody fragment (h). 13. The protein of claim 4, wherein the protein is obtained by immunizing an animal screening a phage library using the polypeptide of claim 1. 14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the protein of claim 4 and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, diluents or carrier. 15. A method for the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of an autoimmune disease, comprising the step of administrating an effective amount of the protein of claim 4 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 16. A method for the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of a disease mediated by pro-BDNF, comprising the step of administrating an effective amount of the protein of claim 4 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 17. (canceled) 18. A method for the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of a disease by inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 or IL-4, comprising the step of administrating an effective amount of the protein of claim 4 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 19. A method for relieving pain, comprising the step of administrating an effective amount of the protein of claim 4 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 20. (canceled) 21. A method for screening antibodies, using the polypeptide of claim 1 to immunize an animal or screening a phage library. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the autoimmune disease or disease is arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, aplastic anemia, psoriasis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, cryoglobulinemia, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, or cystic fibrosis. | An antibody for being specifically bound to a pro brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pro-BDNF) and a bound epitope. The antibody and the protein are used for treating autoimmune diseases. By inhibiting the activity induced by the pro-BDNF, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephriti, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma or cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases are treated.1. A polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 41. 2. A polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 44. 3. A polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 47. 4. A protein that specifically binds to the polypeptide of claim 1. 5. The protein of claim 4, wherein the binding affinity of the protein to human pro-BDNF is <10 nM. 6. The protein of claim 4, wherein the protein is an antibody or an antibody fragment. 7. The protein of claim 6, wherein the light chain variable region of the antibody or an antibody fragment has:
CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 14; CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 15; and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 16. 8. The protein of claim 7, wherein the light chain variable region of the antibody or an antibody fragment has:
CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4; CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5; and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6; or CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16. 9. The protein of claim 6, wherein the heavy chain variable region of the antibody or an antibody fragment has:
CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 11; CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 12; and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 13. 10. The protein of claim 9, wherein the heavy chain variable region of the antibody or an antibody fragment has:
CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; or CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13. 11. The protein of claim 6, wherein the antibody or an antibody fragment is selected from:
Antibody or an antibody fragment (a): the heavy chain variable region comprises the sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3, and the light chain variable region comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6; Antibody or an antibody fragment (b): the heavy chain variable region comprises the sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13, and the light chain variable region comprises the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 16; Antibody or an antibody fragment (c): a variant of antibody or an antibody fragment (a) or antibody or an antibody fragment (b), which has or substantially has the activity of antibody (a) or antibody (b). 12. The protein of claim 6, wherein the antibody or an antibody fragment is selected from:
Antibody or an antibody fragment (d): having a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8; Antibody or an antibody fragment (e): having a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 and a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18; Antibody or an antibody fragment (g): having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 21; Antibody or an antibody fragment (h): having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22; Antibody or an antibody fragment (f): a variant of antibody or an antibody fragment (d) or antibody or an antibody fragment (e) or antibody or an antibody fragment (g) or antibody or an antibody fragment (h), which has or substantially has the activity of antibody or an antibody fragment (d) or antibody or an antibody fragment (e) or antibody or an antibody fragment (g) or antibody or an antibody fragment (h). 13. The protein of claim 4, wherein the protein is obtained by immunizing an animal screening a phage library using the polypeptide of claim 1. 14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the protein of claim 4 and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, diluents or carrier. 15. A method for the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of an autoimmune disease, comprising the step of administrating an effective amount of the protein of claim 4 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 16. A method for the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of a disease mediated by pro-BDNF, comprising the step of administrating an effective amount of the protein of claim 4 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 17. (canceled) 18. A method for the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of a disease by inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 or IL-4, comprising the step of administrating an effective amount of the protein of claim 4 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 19. A method for relieving pain, comprising the step of administrating an effective amount of the protein of claim 4 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 to a subject in need thereof. 20. (canceled) 21. A method for screening antibodies, using the polypeptide of claim 1 to immunize an animal or screening a phage library. 22. The method of claim 15, wherein the autoimmune disease or disease is arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, aplastic anemia, psoriasis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, cryoglobulinemia, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, or cystic fibrosis. | 1,700 |
345,521 | 16,643,468 | 2,431 | The present disclosure provides a security display method, a security display device, and a security terminal. The security display method includes the following. In a security display control state, first information to be displayed currently is obtained. It is determined whether the first information to be displayed includes a specified identifier. In response to the first information to be displayed includes the specified identifier, the security processing information is obtained by filtering the first information to be displayed based on the specified identifier, and the security processing information is securely processed. The security processing information is displayed at a security display address. The security display address is a preset fixed display address. Or, a security identifier is added to the security processing information to obtain security display information and the security display information is displayed. | 1. A security display method, comprising:
entering a security display control state; obtaining first information to be displayed currently; determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises a specified identifier; in response to the first information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier, obtaining security processing information by filtering the first information to be displayed based on the specified identifier, and securely processing the security processing information; and controlling to display the security processing information at a security display address, wherein the security display address is a preset fixed display address; or adding a security identifier to the security processing information to obtain security display information and controlling to display the security display information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the controlling to display the security processing information at the security display address comprises:
adding a security identifier to the security processing information and controlling to display the security processing information and the security identifier at the security display address. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to adding the security identifier to the security processing information and controlling to display the security processing information, after obtaining first information to be displayed currently and before determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises a specified identifier,
the method further comprises: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein before entering the security display control state, the method further comprises:
receiving a first instruction sent by a central processing unit; determining whether the first instruction is comprised in a security instruction set, in which the security instruction set comprises all instructions for triggering to enter the security display control state; and in response to the first instruction is comprised in the security instruction set, entering the security display control state. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first instruction comprises an application initialization instruction or an instruction for preparing security computing environment; and
obtaining the first information to be displayed currently comprises: receiving a control instruction carrying the first information to be displayed and obtaining the first information to be displayed carried in the control instruction. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first instruction comprises a signature instruction; and
obtaining first information to be displayed currently comprises: obtaining the first information to be displayed carried in the signature instruction. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a security processing response, in which the security processing response is configured to indicate a processing result of performing security processing on the security processing information; after determining that the first information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier, and before receiving the security processing response, obtaining second information to be displayed and determining whether the second information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier; in response to the second information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier, discarding the second information to be displayed; or after receiving the security processing response, using the second information to be displayed as the first information to be displayed and obtaining the security processing information by filtering the first information to be displayed based on the specified identifier and securely processing the security processing information; in response to the second information to be displayed does not comprise the specified identifier, controlling the display screen to display the second information to be displayed. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein,
the security processing response comprises a completion response; and the method further comprises: 9. (canceled) 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: sending the security processing response to a central processing unit. 11-19. (canceled) 20. A security terminal, comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory;
one or more programs, stored in the memory, that when executed by the one or more processors performs a security display method comprising:
entering a security display control state;
obtaining first information to be displayed currently;
determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises a specified identifier;
in response to the first information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier, obtaining security processing information by filtering the first information to be displayed based on the specified identifier, and securely processing the security processing information; and
controlling to display the security processing information at a security display address, in which the security display address is a preset fixed display address; or, adding a specified identifier to the security processing information to obtain security display information and controlling to display the security display information. 21. The security terminal of claim 20, wherein controlling to display the security processing information at the security display address comprises:
adding a security identifier to the security processing information and controlling to display the security processing information and the security identifier at the security display address. 22. The security terminal of claim 20, wherein in response to adding the security identifier to the security processing information and controlling to display the security processing information, after obtaining first information to be displayed currently and before determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises a specified identifier, the method further comprises:
determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises the security identifier; in response to the first information to be displayed comprises the security identifier, discarding the first information to be displayed and sending an error response; and in response to the first information to be displayed does not comprise the security identifier, determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier. 23. The security terminal of claim 20, wherein before entering the security display control state, the method further comprises:
receiving a first instruction sent by a central processing unit; 24. The security terminal of claim 23, wherein the first instruction comprises an application initialization instruction or an instruction for preparing security computing environment;
obtaining the first information to be displayed currently comprises: 25. The security terminal of claim 23, wherein the first instruction comprises a signature instruction; and
obtaining first information to be displayed currently comprises: obtaining the first information to be displayed carried in the signature instruction. 26. The security terminal of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises: 27. The security terminal of claim 26, wherein,
the security processing response comprises a completion response; and 28. The security terminal of claim 26, wherein,
the method further comprises: sending the security processing response to a central processing unit. | The present disclosure provides a security display method, a security display device, and a security terminal. The security display method includes the following. In a security display control state, first information to be displayed currently is obtained. It is determined whether the first information to be displayed includes a specified identifier. In response to the first information to be displayed includes the specified identifier, the security processing information is obtained by filtering the first information to be displayed based on the specified identifier, and the security processing information is securely processed. The security processing information is displayed at a security display address. The security display address is a preset fixed display address. Or, a security identifier is added to the security processing information to obtain security display information and the security display information is displayed.1. A security display method, comprising:
entering a security display control state; obtaining first information to be displayed currently; determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises a specified identifier; in response to the first information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier, obtaining security processing information by filtering the first information to be displayed based on the specified identifier, and securely processing the security processing information; and controlling to display the security processing information at a security display address, wherein the security display address is a preset fixed display address; or adding a security identifier to the security processing information to obtain security display information and controlling to display the security display information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the controlling to display the security processing information at the security display address comprises:
adding a security identifier to the security processing information and controlling to display the security processing information and the security identifier at the security display address. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to adding the security identifier to the security processing information and controlling to display the security processing information, after obtaining first information to be displayed currently and before determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises a specified identifier,
the method further comprises: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein before entering the security display control state, the method further comprises:
receiving a first instruction sent by a central processing unit; determining whether the first instruction is comprised in a security instruction set, in which the security instruction set comprises all instructions for triggering to enter the security display control state; and in response to the first instruction is comprised in the security instruction set, entering the security display control state. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first instruction comprises an application initialization instruction or an instruction for preparing security computing environment; and
obtaining the first information to be displayed currently comprises: receiving a control instruction carrying the first information to be displayed and obtaining the first information to be displayed carried in the control instruction. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first instruction comprises a signature instruction; and
obtaining first information to be displayed currently comprises: obtaining the first information to be displayed carried in the signature instruction. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a security processing response, in which the security processing response is configured to indicate a processing result of performing security processing on the security processing information; after determining that the first information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier, and before receiving the security processing response, obtaining second information to be displayed and determining whether the second information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier; in response to the second information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier, discarding the second information to be displayed; or after receiving the security processing response, using the second information to be displayed as the first information to be displayed and obtaining the security processing information by filtering the first information to be displayed based on the specified identifier and securely processing the security processing information; in response to the second information to be displayed does not comprise the specified identifier, controlling the display screen to display the second information to be displayed. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein,
the security processing response comprises a completion response; and the method further comprises: 9. (canceled) 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: sending the security processing response to a central processing unit. 11-19. (canceled) 20. A security terminal, comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory;
one or more programs, stored in the memory, that when executed by the one or more processors performs a security display method comprising:
entering a security display control state;
obtaining first information to be displayed currently;
determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises a specified identifier;
in response to the first information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier, obtaining security processing information by filtering the first information to be displayed based on the specified identifier, and securely processing the security processing information; and
controlling to display the security processing information at a security display address, in which the security display address is a preset fixed display address; or, adding a specified identifier to the security processing information to obtain security display information and controlling to display the security display information. 21. The security terminal of claim 20, wherein controlling to display the security processing information at the security display address comprises:
adding a security identifier to the security processing information and controlling to display the security processing information and the security identifier at the security display address. 22. The security terminal of claim 20, wherein in response to adding the security identifier to the security processing information and controlling to display the security processing information, after obtaining first information to be displayed currently and before determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises a specified identifier, the method further comprises:
determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises the security identifier; in response to the first information to be displayed comprises the security identifier, discarding the first information to be displayed and sending an error response; and in response to the first information to be displayed does not comprise the security identifier, determining whether the first information to be displayed comprises the specified identifier. 23. The security terminal of claim 20, wherein before entering the security display control state, the method further comprises:
receiving a first instruction sent by a central processing unit; 24. The security terminal of claim 23, wherein the first instruction comprises an application initialization instruction or an instruction for preparing security computing environment;
obtaining the first information to be displayed currently comprises: 25. The security terminal of claim 23, wherein the first instruction comprises a signature instruction; and
obtaining first information to be displayed currently comprises: obtaining the first information to be displayed carried in the signature instruction. 26. The security terminal of claim 20, wherein the method further comprises: 27. The security terminal of claim 26, wherein,
the security processing response comprises a completion response; and 28. The security terminal of claim 26, wherein,
the method further comprises: sending the security processing response to a central processing unit. | 2,400 |
345,522 | 16,643,471 | 2,432 | A method and device for securely displaying data are displayed. The method includes the following. A security display state is entered after an instruction used for starting the security display state is received. A current data packet to be displayed is obtained. If a display address includes a security display address, security data corresponding to the security display address is obtained from current data to be displayed. The security data is securely processed. The security data is displayed at the security display address. A security processing result of the security data is obtained. The security display address is a fixed address. | 1. A method for securely displaying data, comprising:
entering a security display state after receiving an instruction for starting the security display state; obtaining a current data packet to be displayed, wherein the current data packet to be displayed at least comprises display address and current data to be displayed corresponding to the display address; in a case that the display address comprises a security display address, obtaining security data corresponding to the security display address from the current data to be displayed and securely processing the security data, the security display address being a fixed address; controlling to display the security data at the security display address; and obtaining a security processing result of the security data. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
disabling a function of receiving a next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the current data packet to be displayed and before obtaining the security processing result of the security data; and enabling the function of receiving the next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the security processing result of the security data. 3. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
before obtaining the security processing result of the security data, receiving a next data packet to be displayed, the next data packet to be displayed at least comprising a next display address and next data to be displayed corresponding to the next display address, and determining whether a next address to be displayed comprises the security display address; in a case that the next address to be displayed comprises the security display address, discarding the next data packet to be displayed or obtaining next security data corresponding to the security display address after receiving the security processing result; and in a case that the next address to be displayed does not comprise the security display address, controlling to display the next data to be displayed. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
controlling to display non-security display data at a non-security display address, the non-security display address being an address of the display address other than the security display address, and the non-security display data being data of the current data to be displayed other than the security data. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
adding security identification information to the security data after obtaining the security data corresponding to the security display address; and controlling to display the security data at the security display address comprising: controlling to display the security data and the security identification information at the security display address. 6. A device for securely displaying data, comprising:
a processor, and a memory, configured to store instructions executable by the processor, wherein when the instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the processor is configured to: enter a security display state after receiving an instruction for starting the security display state; obtain a current data packet to be displayed, the current data packet to be displayed at least comprising a display address and current data to be displayed corresponding to the display address; and obtain security data corresponding to the security display address from the current data to be displayed in a case that the display address comprises the security display address, securely processing the security data, the security display address being a fixed address; control to display the security data at the security display address, the security data being used for a signature operation of the security data after a confirmation instruction of the security data is received; and obtain a security processing result of the security data. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to disable a function of receiving a next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the current data packet to be displayed and before obtaining the security processing result of the security data; and
enable the function of receiving the next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the security processing result of the security data. 8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to receive a next data packet to be displayed, the next data packet to be displayed at least comprising a next display address and next data to be displayed corresponding to the next display address, and determine whether the next address to be displayed comprises the security display address;
in a case that the next address to be displayed comprises the security display address, discard the next data packet to be displayed or obtain next security data corresponding to the security display address from the next data to be displayed after receiving the security processing result; and in a case that the next address to be displayed does not comprise the security display address, control to display the next data to be displayed. 9. The device according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to control to display non-security display data at a non-security display address, the non-security display address being an address of the display address other than the security display address, and the non-security display data being data of the current data to be displayed other than the security data. 10. The device according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to add security identification information to the security data after obtaining the security data corresponding to the security display address, and control to display the security data and the security identification information at the security display address. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, having instructions stored thereon, wherein when the instructions are executed by a processor, a method for securely displaying data is executed, the method comprising:
entering a security display state after receiving an instruction for starting the security display state; obtaining a current data packet to be displayed, wherein the current data packet to be displayed at least comprises a display address and current data to be displayed corresponding to the display address; in a case that the display address comprises a security display address, obtaining security data corresponding to the security display address from the current data to be displayed and securely processing the security data, the security display address being a fixed address; controlling to display the security data at the security display address; and obtaining a security processing result of the security data. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
disabling a function of receiving a next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the current data packet to be displayed and before obtaining the security processing result of the security data; and enabling the function of receiving the next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the security processing result of the security data. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
before obtaining the security processing result of the security data, receiving a next data packet to be displayed, the next data packet to be displayed at least comprising a next display address and next data to be displayed corresponding to the next display address, and determining whether a next address to be displayed comprises the security display address; in a case that the next address to be displayed comprises the security display address, discarding the next data packet to be displayed or obtaining next security data corresponding to the security display address after receiving the security processing result; and in a case that the next address to be displayed does not comprise the security display address, controlling to display the next data to be displayed. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
controlling to display non-security display data at a non-security display address, the non-security display address being an address of the display address other than the security display address, and the non-security display data being data of the current data to be displayed other than the security data. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
adding security identification information to the security data after obtaining the security data corresponding to the security display address; and controlling to display the security data at the security display address comprising: controlling to display the security data and the security identification information at the security display address. | A method and device for securely displaying data are displayed. The method includes the following. A security display state is entered after an instruction used for starting the security display state is received. A current data packet to be displayed is obtained. If a display address includes a security display address, security data corresponding to the security display address is obtained from current data to be displayed. The security data is securely processed. The security data is displayed at the security display address. A security processing result of the security data is obtained. The security display address is a fixed address.1. A method for securely displaying data, comprising:
entering a security display state after receiving an instruction for starting the security display state; obtaining a current data packet to be displayed, wherein the current data packet to be displayed at least comprises display address and current data to be displayed corresponding to the display address; in a case that the display address comprises a security display address, obtaining security data corresponding to the security display address from the current data to be displayed and securely processing the security data, the security display address being a fixed address; controlling to display the security data at the security display address; and obtaining a security processing result of the security data. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
disabling a function of receiving a next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the current data packet to be displayed and before obtaining the security processing result of the security data; and enabling the function of receiving the next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the security processing result of the security data. 3. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
before obtaining the security processing result of the security data, receiving a next data packet to be displayed, the next data packet to be displayed at least comprising a next display address and next data to be displayed corresponding to the next display address, and determining whether a next address to be displayed comprises the security display address; in a case that the next address to be displayed comprises the security display address, discarding the next data packet to be displayed or obtaining next security data corresponding to the security display address after receiving the security processing result; and in a case that the next address to be displayed does not comprise the security display address, controlling to display the next data to be displayed. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
controlling to display non-security display data at a non-security display address, the non-security display address being an address of the display address other than the security display address, and the non-security display data being data of the current data to be displayed other than the security data. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
adding security identification information to the security data after obtaining the security data corresponding to the security display address; and controlling to display the security data at the security display address comprising: controlling to display the security data and the security identification information at the security display address. 6. A device for securely displaying data, comprising:
a processor, and a memory, configured to store instructions executable by the processor, wherein when the instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, the processor is configured to: enter a security display state after receiving an instruction for starting the security display state; obtain a current data packet to be displayed, the current data packet to be displayed at least comprising a display address and current data to be displayed corresponding to the display address; and obtain security data corresponding to the security display address from the current data to be displayed in a case that the display address comprises the security display address, securely processing the security data, the security display address being a fixed address; control to display the security data at the security display address, the security data being used for a signature operation of the security data after a confirmation instruction of the security data is received; and obtain a security processing result of the security data. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to disable a function of receiving a next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the current data packet to be displayed and before obtaining the security processing result of the security data; and
enable the function of receiving the next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the security processing result of the security data. 8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to receive a next data packet to be displayed, the next data packet to be displayed at least comprising a next display address and next data to be displayed corresponding to the next display address, and determine whether the next address to be displayed comprises the security display address;
in a case that the next address to be displayed comprises the security display address, discard the next data packet to be displayed or obtain next security data corresponding to the security display address from the next data to be displayed after receiving the security processing result; and in a case that the next address to be displayed does not comprise the security display address, control to display the next data to be displayed. 9. The device according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to control to display non-security display data at a non-security display address, the non-security display address being an address of the display address other than the security display address, and the non-security display data being data of the current data to be displayed other than the security data. 10. The device according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to add security identification information to the security data after obtaining the security data corresponding to the security display address, and control to display the security data and the security identification information at the security display address. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, having instructions stored thereon, wherein when the instructions are executed by a processor, a method for securely displaying data is executed, the method comprising:
entering a security display state after receiving an instruction for starting the security display state; obtaining a current data packet to be displayed, wherein the current data packet to be displayed at least comprises a display address and current data to be displayed corresponding to the display address; in a case that the display address comprises a security display address, obtaining security data corresponding to the security display address from the current data to be displayed and securely processing the security data, the security display address being a fixed address; controlling to display the security data at the security display address; and obtaining a security processing result of the security data. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
disabling a function of receiving a next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the current data packet to be displayed and before obtaining the security processing result of the security data; and enabling the function of receiving the next data packet to be displayed after obtaining the security processing result of the security data. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
before obtaining the security processing result of the security data, receiving a next data packet to be displayed, the next data packet to be displayed at least comprising a next display address and next data to be displayed corresponding to the next display address, and determining whether a next address to be displayed comprises the security display address; in a case that the next address to be displayed comprises the security display address, discarding the next data packet to be displayed or obtaining next security data corresponding to the security display address after receiving the security processing result; and in a case that the next address to be displayed does not comprise the security display address, controlling to display the next data to be displayed. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
controlling to display non-security display data at a non-security display address, the non-security display address being an address of the display address other than the security display address, and the non-security display data being data of the current data to be displayed other than the security data. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
adding security identification information to the security data after obtaining the security data corresponding to the security display address; and controlling to display the security data at the security display address comprising: controlling to display the security data and the security identification information at the security display address. | 2,400 |
345,523 | 16,643,447 | 2,432 | Techniques related to III-N transistors having improved performance, systems incorporating such transistors, and methods for forming them are discussed. Such transistors include first and second crystalline III-N material layers separated by an intervening layer other than a III-N material such that the first crystalline III-N material layer has a first crystal orientation that is inverted with respect to a second crystal orientation of the second crystalline III-N material layer. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A transistor structure comprising:
a first layer comprising a first crystalline III-N material; a second layer comprising a second crystalline III-N material; an intervening layer other than a III-N material between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first crystalline III-N material has a first crystal orientation and the second crystalline III-N material has a second crystal orientation inverted with respect to the first crystal orientation; and a source, a drain, and a gate coupled to the first layer. 27. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first and second crystalline III-N materials comprise gallium nitride. 28. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first crystal orientation comprises a first c-axis out of plane with respect to the first layer, the second crystal orientation comprises a second c-axis out of plane with respect to the second layer, and the first c-axis and the second c-axis are substantially aligned. 29. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the intervening layer and the second crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the intervening layer. 30. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first crystalline III-N material comprises a nitrogen (N)-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a group III-face opposite the intervening layer and the second crystalline III-N material comprises a nitrogen (N)-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a group III-face opposite the intervening layer. 31. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the intervening layer comprises a third crystalline material having a thickness of not more than 5 nm. 32. The transistor structure of claim 31, wherein the third crystalline material comprises oxygen and one or both of aluminum and scandium. 33. The transistor structure of claim 26, further comprising:
a third layer on the intervening layer, wherein the third layer comprises a third crystalline III-N material having a different composition than the first crystalline III-N material and the third crystalline III-N material has a third crystal orientation that is inverted with respect to the second crystal orientation, wherein the first layer is on the third layer. 34. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the intervening layer comprises an amorphous material having a thickness of not more than 5 nm. 35. The transistor structure of claim 34, wherein the amorphous material comprises at least one of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. 36. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first crystalline III-N material comprises gallium nitride having a gallium-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen-face opposite the intervening layer, the second crystalline III-N material comprises gallium nitride having a gallium-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen-face opposite the intervening layer, the intervening layer comprises a third crystalline material comprising oxygen and aluminum, and the source and the drain comprise n-doped indium gallium nitride. 37. A system comprising:
a memory; and an integrated circuit coupled to the memory, the integrated circuit including a transistor structure comprising:
a first layer comprising a first crystalline III-N material;
a second layer comprising a second crystalline III-N material;
an intervening layer other than a III-N material between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first crystalline III-N material has a first crystal orientation and the second crystalline III-N material has a second crystal orientation inverted with respect to the first crystal orientation; and
a source, a drain, and a gate coupled to the first layer. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the transistor structure comprises a PMOS transistor structure and the integrated circuit further comprises:
a substrate, wherein the first layer is on the substrate; and an NMOS transistor structure comprising:
a third layer on the substrate, the third layer comprising a third crystalline III-N material;
a polarization layer on the third layer; and
a second source, a second drain, and a second gate coupled to the third layer. 39. The system of claim 37, wherein the first crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the intervening layer and the second crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the intervening layer. 40. The system of claim 37, wherein the third crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the polarization layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the polarization layer. 41. The system of claim 37, wherein the first, second, and third crystalline III-N materials comprise gallium nitride and the source, the drain, the second source, and the second drain comprise n-doped indium gallium nitride. 42. The system of claim 37, wherein the intervening layer comprises a fourth crystalline material having a thickness of not more than 5 nm, the fourth crystalline material comprising oxygen and aluminum. 43. The system of claim 37, wherein the integrated circuit comprises one of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) or a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). 44. A method for fabricating a transistor structure comprising:
forming a first layer comprising a first crystalline III-N material over a substrate; disposing a second layer other than a III-N material over the first layer and a third layer comprising a second crystalline III-N material over the second layer, wherein the first crystalline III-N material has a first crystal orientation and the second crystalline III-N material has a second crystal orientation inverted with respect to the first crystal orientation; and forming a source, a drain, and a gate coupled to the third layer. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the second crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the second layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the second layer and the first crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the second layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the second layer. | Techniques related to III-N transistors having improved performance, systems incorporating such transistors, and methods for forming them are discussed. Such transistors include first and second crystalline III-N material layers separated by an intervening layer other than a III-N material such that the first crystalline III-N material layer has a first crystal orientation that is inverted with respect to a second crystal orientation of the second crystalline III-N material layer.1-25. (canceled) 26. A transistor structure comprising:
a first layer comprising a first crystalline III-N material; a second layer comprising a second crystalline III-N material; an intervening layer other than a III-N material between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first crystalline III-N material has a first crystal orientation and the second crystalline III-N material has a second crystal orientation inverted with respect to the first crystal orientation; and a source, a drain, and a gate coupled to the first layer. 27. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first and second crystalline III-N materials comprise gallium nitride. 28. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first crystal orientation comprises a first c-axis out of plane with respect to the first layer, the second crystal orientation comprises a second c-axis out of plane with respect to the second layer, and the first c-axis and the second c-axis are substantially aligned. 29. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the intervening layer and the second crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the intervening layer. 30. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first crystalline III-N material comprises a nitrogen (N)-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a group III-face opposite the intervening layer and the second crystalline III-N material comprises a nitrogen (N)-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a group III-face opposite the intervening layer. 31. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the intervening layer comprises a third crystalline material having a thickness of not more than 5 nm. 32. The transistor structure of claim 31, wherein the third crystalline material comprises oxygen and one or both of aluminum and scandium. 33. The transistor structure of claim 26, further comprising:
a third layer on the intervening layer, wherein the third layer comprises a third crystalline III-N material having a different composition than the first crystalline III-N material and the third crystalline III-N material has a third crystal orientation that is inverted with respect to the second crystal orientation, wherein the first layer is on the third layer. 34. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the intervening layer comprises an amorphous material having a thickness of not more than 5 nm. 35. The transistor structure of claim 34, wherein the amorphous material comprises at least one of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. 36. The transistor structure of claim 26, wherein the first crystalline III-N material comprises gallium nitride having a gallium-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen-face opposite the intervening layer, the second crystalline III-N material comprises gallium nitride having a gallium-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen-face opposite the intervening layer, the intervening layer comprises a third crystalline material comprising oxygen and aluminum, and the source and the drain comprise n-doped indium gallium nitride. 37. A system comprising:
a memory; and an integrated circuit coupled to the memory, the integrated circuit including a transistor structure comprising:
a first layer comprising a first crystalline III-N material;
a second layer comprising a second crystalline III-N material;
an intervening layer other than a III-N material between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first crystalline III-N material has a first crystal orientation and the second crystalline III-N material has a second crystal orientation inverted with respect to the first crystal orientation; and
a source, a drain, and a gate coupled to the first layer. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the transistor structure comprises a PMOS transistor structure and the integrated circuit further comprises:
a substrate, wherein the first layer is on the substrate; and an NMOS transistor structure comprising:
a third layer on the substrate, the third layer comprising a third crystalline III-N material;
a polarization layer on the third layer; and
a second source, a second drain, and a second gate coupled to the third layer. 39. The system of claim 37, wherein the first crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the intervening layer and the second crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the intervening layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the intervening layer. 40. The system of claim 37, wherein the third crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the polarization layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the polarization layer. 41. The system of claim 37, wherein the first, second, and third crystalline III-N materials comprise gallium nitride and the source, the drain, the second source, and the second drain comprise n-doped indium gallium nitride. 42. The system of claim 37, wherein the intervening layer comprises a fourth crystalline material having a thickness of not more than 5 nm, the fourth crystalline material comprising oxygen and aluminum. 43. The system of claim 37, wherein the integrated circuit comprises one of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) or a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). 44. A method for fabricating a transistor structure comprising:
forming a first layer comprising a first crystalline III-N material over a substrate; disposing a second layer other than a III-N material over the first layer and a third layer comprising a second crystalline III-N material over the second layer, wherein the first crystalline III-N material has a first crystal orientation and the second crystalline III-N material has a second crystal orientation inverted with respect to the first crystal orientation; and forming a source, a drain, and a gate coupled to the third layer. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the second crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the second layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the second layer and the first crystalline III-N material comprises a group III-face adjacent to the second layer and a nitrogen (N)-face opposite the second layer. | 2,400 |
345,524 | 16,643,446 | 2,432 | Techniques related to forming low defect density III-N films, device structures, and systems incorporating such films are discussed. Such techniques include epitaxially growing a first crystalline III-N structure within an opening of a first dielectric layer and extending onto the first dielectric layer, forming a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to a portion of the first structure, and epitaxially growing a second crystalline III-N structure extending laterally onto a region of the second dielectric layer. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A device structure comprising:
a first structure comprising a crystalline III-N material over a substrate and partially within an opening of a first dielectric layer, wherein the first structure comprises a first portion within the opening and a second portion extending over the opening and laterally onto a region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the opening; a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to the second portion of the first structure; and a second structure comprising the crystalline III-N material over the second portion of the first structure and extending laterally onto a region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the region of the second dielectric layer is over the region of the first dielectric layer. 27. The device structure of claim 26, further comprising:
a third structure comprising the crystalline III-N material on the substrate and partially within a second opening of the first dielectric layer, wherein the third structure comprises a third portion within the second opening and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein the second structure is over the fourth portion of the third structure and extends laterally onto a second region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the second region of the second dielectric layer is over the second region of the first dielectric layer. 28. The device structure of claim 27, wherein the second portion of the first structure and the fourth portion of the third structure are separated laterally by a portion of the second dielectric layer. 29. The device structure of claim 26, further comprising:
an intervening layer between the first structure and the second structure, the intervening layer comprising an amorphous material or a crystalline material having a lattice constant mismatch with respect to the crystalline III-N material. 30. The device structure of claim 29, wherein the intervening layer comprises at least one of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, or gallium nitride. 31. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the substrate comprises a crystalline group IV material, the opening has a longitudinal length extending along a <110> direction of a (111) plane of the crystalline group IV material that is greater than a lateral width of the opening, and the second structure has a sloped sidewall along the longitudinal length of the opening that slopes from an outer edge of the region of the second dielectric layer at a base of the second structure inwardly toward a top of the second structure. 32. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the substrate comprises a crystalline group IV material, the opening has a longitudinal length extending along a <11-2> direction of a (111) plane of the crystalline group IV material that is greater than a lateral width of the opening, and the second structure has a sidewall substantially orthogonal to a surface of the substrate. 33. The device structure of claim 32, further comprising:
a device formed entirely on and/or within a first region of the second structure, wherein the first region is over the region of the dielectric layer. 34. The device structure of claim 26 further comprising:
a dummy structure comprising the crystalline III-N material partially within a third opening of first dielectric layer, the dummy structure having a lateral width within the third opening that is less than a lateral width of the first portion within the opening. 35. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the first structure further comprises a third portion within a second opening of the first dielectric layer and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein the second portion and the fourth portion are merged and the fourth portion is covered by the second dielectric layer. 36. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the crystalline III-N material comprises gallium nitride. 37. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the second structure comprises a low defect region opposite the substrate having a defect density of not more than 1e8 defects/cm2. 38. A system comprising:
a battery; and an integrated circuit coupled to the battery, the integrated circuit including a device structure comprising:
a first structure comprising a crystalline III-N material over a substrate and partially within an opening of a first dielectric layer, wherein the first structure comprises a first portion within the opening and a second portion extending over the opening and laterally onto a region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the opening;
a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to the second portion of the first structure;
a second structure comprising the crystalline III-N material over the second portion of the first structure and extending laterally onto a region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the region of the second dielectric layer is over the region of the first dielectric layer; and
a device formed on and/or within a surface of the second structure opposite the substrate. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the crystalline III-N material comprises gallium nitride (GaN) and the device comprises:
a first layer over the surface of the second structure, the first layer comprising a crystalline n-doped GaN material; a second layer over the first layer, the second layer comprising a crystalline p-doped GaN material; and a first contact coupled to the first layer and a second contact coupled to the second layer. 40. The system of claim 39, further comprising:
a third layer between the first and second layers comprising a second crystalline n-doped GaN material having a dopant concentration less than the first layer; and a fourth layer between the third layer and the second layer comprising a second crystalline p-doped GaN material having a dopant concentration less than the second layer. 41. The system of claim 38, wherein the crystalline III-N material comprises n-doped gallium nitride (GaN) and the device comprises:
a first layer comprising the crystalline III-N material over the second structure; a second layer comprising a crystalline p-doped GaN material between a portion of the second structure and a portion of the first layer; a polarization layer on the second layer; and a gate and a source coupled to the polarization layer. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein the first structure further comprises a third portion within a second opening of the first dielectric layer and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein the second portion and the fourth portion are merged and the fourth portion is covered by the second dielectric layer, the device further comprising:
a drain coupled to the fourth portion of the first structure. 43. The system of claim 38, wherein the device structure further comprises:
a third structure comprising the crystalline III-N material on the substrate and partially within a second opening of the first dielectric layer, wherein the third structure comprises a third portion within the second opening and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein the second structure is over the fourth portion of the third structure and extends laterally onto a second region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the second region of the second dielectric layer is over the second region of the first dielectric layer. 44. A method of fabricating a device structure comprising
epitaxially growing a first structure comprising a crystalline III-N material over a substrate and partially within an opening of a first dielectric layer, wherein the first structure comprises a first portion within the opening and a second portion extending over the opening and laterally onto a region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the opening; forming a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to the second portion of the first structure; and epitaxially growing a second structure comprising the crystalline III-N material over the second portion of the first structure and extending laterally onto a region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the region of the second dielectric layer is over the region of the first dielectric layer. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said epitaxially growing the first structure further comprises epitaxially growing a third structure comprising the crystalline III-N material on the substrate and partially within a second opening of the first dielectric layer, wherein the third structure comprises a third portion within the second opening and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein said epitaxially growing the second structure comprises epitaxially growing the second structure over the fourth portion of the third structure and extending laterally onto a second region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the second region of the second dielectric layer is over the second region of the first dielectric layer. | Techniques related to forming low defect density III-N films, device structures, and systems incorporating such films are discussed. Such techniques include epitaxially growing a first crystalline III-N structure within an opening of a first dielectric layer and extending onto the first dielectric layer, forming a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to a portion of the first structure, and epitaxially growing a second crystalline III-N structure extending laterally onto a region of the second dielectric layer.1-25. (canceled) 26. A device structure comprising:
a first structure comprising a crystalline III-N material over a substrate and partially within an opening of a first dielectric layer, wherein the first structure comprises a first portion within the opening and a second portion extending over the opening and laterally onto a region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the opening; a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to the second portion of the first structure; and a second structure comprising the crystalline III-N material over the second portion of the first structure and extending laterally onto a region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the region of the second dielectric layer is over the region of the first dielectric layer. 27. The device structure of claim 26, further comprising:
a third structure comprising the crystalline III-N material on the substrate and partially within a second opening of the first dielectric layer, wherein the third structure comprises a third portion within the second opening and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein the second structure is over the fourth portion of the third structure and extends laterally onto a second region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the second region of the second dielectric layer is over the second region of the first dielectric layer. 28. The device structure of claim 27, wherein the second portion of the first structure and the fourth portion of the third structure are separated laterally by a portion of the second dielectric layer. 29. The device structure of claim 26, further comprising:
an intervening layer between the first structure and the second structure, the intervening layer comprising an amorphous material or a crystalline material having a lattice constant mismatch with respect to the crystalline III-N material. 30. The device structure of claim 29, wherein the intervening layer comprises at least one of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, or gallium nitride. 31. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the substrate comprises a crystalline group IV material, the opening has a longitudinal length extending along a <110> direction of a (111) plane of the crystalline group IV material that is greater than a lateral width of the opening, and the second structure has a sloped sidewall along the longitudinal length of the opening that slopes from an outer edge of the region of the second dielectric layer at a base of the second structure inwardly toward a top of the second structure. 32. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the substrate comprises a crystalline group IV material, the opening has a longitudinal length extending along a <11-2> direction of a (111) plane of the crystalline group IV material that is greater than a lateral width of the opening, and the second structure has a sidewall substantially orthogonal to a surface of the substrate. 33. The device structure of claim 32, further comprising:
a device formed entirely on and/or within a first region of the second structure, wherein the first region is over the region of the dielectric layer. 34. The device structure of claim 26 further comprising:
a dummy structure comprising the crystalline III-N material partially within a third opening of first dielectric layer, the dummy structure having a lateral width within the third opening that is less than a lateral width of the first portion within the opening. 35. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the first structure further comprises a third portion within a second opening of the first dielectric layer and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein the second portion and the fourth portion are merged and the fourth portion is covered by the second dielectric layer. 36. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the crystalline III-N material comprises gallium nitride. 37. The device structure of claim 26, wherein the second structure comprises a low defect region opposite the substrate having a defect density of not more than 1e8 defects/cm2. 38. A system comprising:
a battery; and an integrated circuit coupled to the battery, the integrated circuit including a device structure comprising:
a first structure comprising a crystalline III-N material over a substrate and partially within an opening of a first dielectric layer, wherein the first structure comprises a first portion within the opening and a second portion extending over the opening and laterally onto a region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the opening;
a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to the second portion of the first structure;
a second structure comprising the crystalline III-N material over the second portion of the first structure and extending laterally onto a region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the region of the second dielectric layer is over the region of the first dielectric layer; and
a device formed on and/or within a surface of the second structure opposite the substrate. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the crystalline III-N material comprises gallium nitride (GaN) and the device comprises:
a first layer over the surface of the second structure, the first layer comprising a crystalline n-doped GaN material; a second layer over the first layer, the second layer comprising a crystalline p-doped GaN material; and a first contact coupled to the first layer and a second contact coupled to the second layer. 40. The system of claim 39, further comprising:
a third layer between the first and second layers comprising a second crystalline n-doped GaN material having a dopant concentration less than the first layer; and a fourth layer between the third layer and the second layer comprising a second crystalline p-doped GaN material having a dopant concentration less than the second layer. 41. The system of claim 38, wherein the crystalline III-N material comprises n-doped gallium nitride (GaN) and the device comprises:
a first layer comprising the crystalline III-N material over the second structure; a second layer comprising a crystalline p-doped GaN material between a portion of the second structure and a portion of the first layer; a polarization layer on the second layer; and a gate and a source coupled to the polarization layer. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein the first structure further comprises a third portion within a second opening of the first dielectric layer and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein the second portion and the fourth portion are merged and the fourth portion is covered by the second dielectric layer, the device further comprising:
a drain coupled to the fourth portion of the first structure. 43. The system of claim 38, wherein the device structure further comprises:
a third structure comprising the crystalline III-N material on the substrate and partially within a second opening of the first dielectric layer, wherein the third structure comprises a third portion within the second opening and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein the second structure is over the fourth portion of the third structure and extends laterally onto a second region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the second region of the second dielectric layer is over the second region of the first dielectric layer. 44. A method of fabricating a device structure comprising
epitaxially growing a first structure comprising a crystalline III-N material over a substrate and partially within an opening of a first dielectric layer, wherein the first structure comprises a first portion within the opening and a second portion extending over the opening and laterally onto a region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the opening; forming a second dielectric layer over the first dielectric layer and laterally adjacent to the second portion of the first structure; and epitaxially growing a second structure comprising the crystalline III-N material over the second portion of the first structure and extending laterally onto a region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the region of the second dielectric layer is over the region of the first dielectric layer. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said epitaxially growing the first structure further comprises epitaxially growing a third structure comprising the crystalline III-N material on the substrate and partially within a second opening of the first dielectric layer, wherein the third structure comprises a third portion within the second opening and a fourth portion extending over the second opening and laterally onto a second region of the first dielectric layer adjacent to the second opening, wherein said epitaxially growing the second structure comprises epitaxially growing the second structure over the fourth portion of the third structure and extending laterally onto a second region of the second dielectric layer, wherein the second region of the second dielectric layer is over the second region of the first dielectric layer. | 2,400 |
345,525 | 16,643,465 | 1,729 | A method is provided for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for Fluoride ion Batteries, thus, being capable for overcoming high resistances at the surfaces, grain-boundaries of nanoparticles or compartments of the nanoparticles by a material treatment selected from: (i) a ball-mill procedure under aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere, (ii) excess-synthesis, (iii) ball-milling with surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additives or (iv) functionalizing the material to obtain functionalized nanoparticles (GSNP) comprising a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFX, Herein, fluorides (EmmFh), fluorides composites (Em1m1Em2m2 . . . Fh1) are synthesized, wherein a first metal, metalloid or non-metal Em or Em1 and a second metal, metalloid or non-metal Em2 are dissimilarly selected from various elements in a manner that a battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained. | 1. A method for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for a Fluoride Ion Battery, the method comprising the step of providing a fluoride compound, the fluoride compound comprising fluorine and at least one metal, metalloid or non-metal,
wherein the fluoride compound is subjected to an aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere and treated in a ball-mill procedure; and/or wherein the fluoride compound is synthesized by applying an excess synthesis, wherein the excess synthesis comprises a chemical reaction using a stoichiometric overplus of a fluoride precursor and/or wherein the fluoride compound is synthesized by applying at least one surface-stabilizing and conductivity-enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additive, whereby the battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a fluoride compound of formula EmmFh+x, wherein indices m, h and x are related to the number of atoms in the chemical formula for the fluoride compound, m times element Em and (h+x) times fluorine F, wherein Em is a metal, metalloid or non-metal selected from Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La or Sm and wherein x is equal to or greater than 0, is treated by an aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere and by the ball-mill procedure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the metal fluoride is CaF2 and source of vapour-pressure is H2O having an additive of KCl adapted for adjusting humidity and/or pH. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a metal fluoride composite of formula Em1m1Em2m2 . . . Fh1+x1, wherein the indices m1, m2, . . . , h1, and x1 are related to the number of atoms in the chemical formula for the fluoride compound, m1 times element Em1, m2 times element Em2, . . . and (h+x) times fluorine F, which comprises at least two fluorides, wherein at least two elements Em1 and Em2 are dissimilarly selected from Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La or Sm and wherein x1 is equal or greater than 0, is treated by an aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere and by the ball-mill procedure. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein he metal fluoride is, firstly, subjected to the aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere at a temperature of −10° C. to 300° C. for a first period of time of 1 hours to 48 hours and, subsequently, treated in the ball-mill procedure for a second period of time of 1 hours to 48 hours. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein a metal fluoride of the formula EmmFh+x, wherein Em is a metal selected from Ca, Li, Ba, Al, Pb, Fe, Sn, Co, Ce, La, Sm, Eu, Cs, Gd or V and wherein x is equal or greater than 0, is synthesized by the excess synthesis with stoichiometric excess of the fluoride precursor selected from NH4F, NH4HF2, HF, DMIF-2.3HF (1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium fluoride), EMIF-2.3HF (1-ethyl-3-methylimida-zolium fluoride), TMAF (Tetramethylammonium fluoride) or TBAF (Tetrabutylammonium fluoride). 7. The method of claim 4, wherein a metal fluoride composite of the formula Em1m1Em2m2 . . . Fh1+x1 which comprises at least two metal fluorides, wherein at least two metals Em1 and Em2 are dissimilarly selected from Ca, Na, K, Li, Ba, Al, Pb, Fe, Sn, Co, Ce, La, Sm, Eu, Cs, Gd or Y and wherein x1 is equal or greater than 0, is synthesized by the excess synthesis with stoichiometric excess of the fluoride precursor selected from Nh4F, NH4HF2, HF, DMIF-2.3HF (1,3-dimethyl-lmidazolium fluoride), EMIF-2.3HF (1-ethyl-3-methylimida-zolium fluoride), TMAF (Tetramethylammonium fluoride) or TBAF (Tetrabutylammonium fluoride). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a solid synthesis of a fluoride (EmmFh) is performed by using the ball-mill procedure under applying at least one surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel and/or liquid additive being adapted for a transfer of ionic conductivity of nanoparticles and/or of composites comprising the nanoparticles to a macroscopic material, wherein Em is a metal, metalloid or non-metal selected from Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La, Sm, Eu, Cs, Gd or Y. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a solid synthesis of a fluoride composite (Em1m1Em2m2 . . . Fh1) is performed by using the ball-mill procedure under applying at least one surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel and/or liquid additives being adapted for a transfer of ionic conductivity of nanoparticles and/or of composites comprising the nanoparticles to a macroscopic material, wherein at least one metal, metalloid or non-metal Em1 and a second metal, metalloid or non-metal Em2 are dissimilarly selected from Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, B, P, N, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La, Sm, Eu, Cs, Gd or Y. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein the Em1 is selected from Ca, Ba or Pb and wherein Em2 is selected from Sn or Sm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery material having the increased ionic conductivity is further treated by a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFx, whereby a battery material comprising nanoparticles having a functionalized graphene- or/and nanotube-surface is obtained. 12. A solid state Fluoride Ion Battery (FIB) comprising an anode material, a cathode material, and an electrolyte material, wherein a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for a Fluoride Ion Battery is manufactured by (A) providing a fluoride compound, the fluoride compound comprising fluorine and at least one metal, metalloid or non-metal,
wherein the fluoride compound is subjected to an aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere and treated in a ball-mill procedure; and/or wherein the fluoride compound is synthesized by applying an excess synthesis, wherein the excess synthesis comprises a chemical reaction using a stoichiometric overplus of a fluoride precursor and/or wherein the fluoride compound is synthesized by applying at least one surface-stabilizing and conductivity-enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additive, whereby the battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained, wherein the battery material having the increased ionic conductivity is further treated by a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFx, whereby a battery material comprising nanoparticles having a functionalized graphene- or/and nanotube-surface is obtained, wherein the anode material comprises a battery material manufactured according to (A), wherein the cathode material comprises a battery material manufactured according to claim (A), and wherein the electrolyte material comprises a battery material manufactured according to (A) or wherein the electrolyte material comprises a battery material selected from nanotubes and/or additives selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFx. | A method is provided for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for Fluoride ion Batteries, thus, being capable for overcoming high resistances at the surfaces, grain-boundaries of nanoparticles or compartments of the nanoparticles by a material treatment selected from: (i) a ball-mill procedure under aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere, (ii) excess-synthesis, (iii) ball-milling with surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additives or (iv) functionalizing the material to obtain functionalized nanoparticles (GSNP) comprising a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFX, Herein, fluorides (EmmFh), fluorides composites (Em1m1Em2m2 . . . Fh1) are synthesized, wherein a first metal, metalloid or non-metal Em or Em1 and a second metal, metalloid or non-metal Em2 are dissimilarly selected from various elements in a manner that a battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained.1. A method for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for a Fluoride Ion Battery, the method comprising the step of providing a fluoride compound, the fluoride compound comprising fluorine and at least one metal, metalloid or non-metal,
wherein the fluoride compound is subjected to an aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere and treated in a ball-mill procedure; and/or wherein the fluoride compound is synthesized by applying an excess synthesis, wherein the excess synthesis comprises a chemical reaction using a stoichiometric overplus of a fluoride precursor and/or wherein the fluoride compound is synthesized by applying at least one surface-stabilizing and conductivity-enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additive, whereby the battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a fluoride compound of formula EmmFh+x, wherein indices m, h and x are related to the number of atoms in the chemical formula for the fluoride compound, m times element Em and (h+x) times fluorine F, wherein Em is a metal, metalloid or non-metal selected from Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La or Sm and wherein x is equal to or greater than 0, is treated by an aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere and by the ball-mill procedure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the metal fluoride is CaF2 and source of vapour-pressure is H2O having an additive of KCl adapted for adjusting humidity and/or pH. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a metal fluoride composite of formula Em1m1Em2m2 . . . Fh1+x1, wherein the indices m1, m2, . . . , h1, and x1 are related to the number of atoms in the chemical formula for the fluoride compound, m1 times element Em1, m2 times element Em2, . . . and (h+x) times fluorine F, which comprises at least two fluorides, wherein at least two elements Em1 and Em2 are dissimilarly selected from Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La or Sm and wherein x1 is equal or greater than 0, is treated by an aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere and by the ball-mill procedure. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein he metal fluoride is, firstly, subjected to the aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere at a temperature of −10° C. to 300° C. for a first period of time of 1 hours to 48 hours and, subsequently, treated in the ball-mill procedure for a second period of time of 1 hours to 48 hours. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein a metal fluoride of the formula EmmFh+x, wherein Em is a metal selected from Ca, Li, Ba, Al, Pb, Fe, Sn, Co, Ce, La, Sm, Eu, Cs, Gd or V and wherein x is equal or greater than 0, is synthesized by the excess synthesis with stoichiometric excess of the fluoride precursor selected from NH4F, NH4HF2, HF, DMIF-2.3HF (1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium fluoride), EMIF-2.3HF (1-ethyl-3-methylimida-zolium fluoride), TMAF (Tetramethylammonium fluoride) or TBAF (Tetrabutylammonium fluoride). 7. The method of claim 4, wherein a metal fluoride composite of the formula Em1m1Em2m2 . . . Fh1+x1 which comprises at least two metal fluorides, wherein at least two metals Em1 and Em2 are dissimilarly selected from Ca, Na, K, Li, Ba, Al, Pb, Fe, Sn, Co, Ce, La, Sm, Eu, Cs, Gd or Y and wherein x1 is equal or greater than 0, is synthesized by the excess synthesis with stoichiometric excess of the fluoride precursor selected from Nh4F, NH4HF2, HF, DMIF-2.3HF (1,3-dimethyl-lmidazolium fluoride), EMIF-2.3HF (1-ethyl-3-methylimida-zolium fluoride), TMAF (Tetramethylammonium fluoride) or TBAF (Tetrabutylammonium fluoride). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a solid synthesis of a fluoride (EmmFh) is performed by using the ball-mill procedure under applying at least one surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel and/or liquid additive being adapted for a transfer of ionic conductivity of nanoparticles and/or of composites comprising the nanoparticles to a macroscopic material, wherein Em is a metal, metalloid or non-metal selected from Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La, Sm, Eu, Cs, Gd or Y. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a solid synthesis of a fluoride composite (Em1m1Em2m2 . . . Fh1) is performed by using the ball-mill procedure under applying at least one surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel and/or liquid additives being adapted for a transfer of ionic conductivity of nanoparticles and/or of composites comprising the nanoparticles to a macroscopic material, wherein at least one metal, metalloid or non-metal Em1 and a second metal, metalloid or non-metal Em2 are dissimilarly selected from Cu, Pb, Fe, Sn, Zn, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, C, Si, B, P, N, Ge, Ce, Se, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Al, Sr, Ba, La, Sm, Eu, Cs, Gd or Y. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein the Em1 is selected from Ca, Ba or Pb and wherein Em2 is selected from Sn or Sm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery material having the increased ionic conductivity is further treated by a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFx, whereby a battery material comprising nanoparticles having a functionalized graphene- or/and nanotube-surface is obtained. 12. A solid state Fluoride Ion Battery (FIB) comprising an anode material, a cathode material, and an electrolyte material, wherein a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for a Fluoride Ion Battery is manufactured by (A) providing a fluoride compound, the fluoride compound comprising fluorine and at least one metal, metalloid or non-metal,
wherein the fluoride compound is subjected to an aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere and treated in a ball-mill procedure; and/or wherein the fluoride compound is synthesized by applying an excess synthesis, wherein the excess synthesis comprises a chemical reaction using a stoichiometric overplus of a fluoride precursor and/or wherein the fluoride compound is synthesized by applying at least one surface-stabilizing and conductivity-enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additive, whereby the battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained, wherein the battery material having the increased ionic conductivity is further treated by a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFx, whereby a battery material comprising nanoparticles having a functionalized graphene- or/and nanotube-surface is obtained, wherein the anode material comprises a battery material manufactured according to (A), wherein the cathode material comprises a battery material manufactured according to claim (A), and wherein the electrolyte material comprises a battery material manufactured according to (A) or wherein the electrolyte material comprises a battery material selected from nanotubes and/or additives selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFx. | 1,700 |
345,526 | 16,643,464 | 1,729 | A microfluidic channel and a preparation method and an operation method thereof. The microfluidic channel includes: a channel structure, including a channel for a liquid sample to flow through and a channel wall surrounding the channel. The channel wall includes an electrolyte layer made of an electrolyte material; and a control electrode layer, at a side of the electrolyte layer away from the channel. The control electrode layer overlaps with the electrolyte layer with respect to the channel. | 1. A microfluidic channel, comprising:
a channel structure, comprising a channel for a liquid sample to flow through and a channel wall surrounding the channel, wherein the channel wall comprises an electrolyte layer made of an electrolyte material; and a control electrode layer, at a side of the electrolyte layer away from the channel and overlapping with the electrolyte layer with respect to the channel. 2. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer is exposed in the channel to be allowed to be in contact with the liquid sample in an operation. 3. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer surrounds a part of the channel. 4. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the channel wall further comprises a first wall layer,
the first wall layer is exposed in the channel to be allowed to be in contact with the liquid sample in an operation, and a material of the first wall layer is different from the electrolyte material of the electrolyte layer. 5. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the channel wall further comprises a second wall layer,
the electrolyte layer s at a side of the second wall layer away from the channel, and a material of the second wall layer is different from the electrolyte material of the electrolyte layer. 6. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, further comprising a base substrate, wherein the control electrode layer is on the base substrate, and the channel structure is at a side of the control electrode layer away from the base substrate. 7. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the control electrode layer comprises a first electrode part and a second electrode part at opposite sides of the channel. 8. The microfluidic channel according to claim 7, wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a first part on the first electrode part and a second part on the second electrode part, and the first part is in contact with the second part to define the channel therebetween. 9. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, further comprising a cover plate,
wherein the cover plate is at a side of the channel structure to partially define the channel. 10. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte material comprises an inorganic electrolyte material or a polymer electrolyte material. 11. The microfluidic channel according to claim 5, wherein the electrolyte material is liquid, and the channel structure comprises a hole structure configured to be allowed to accommodate the electrolyte material in an operation to form the electrolyte layer. 12. A method of preparing a microfluidic channel, comprising:
forming a control electrode layer; and forming a channel structure on the control electrode layer, wherein the channel structure comprises a channel for a liquid sample to flow and a channel wall comprising an electrolyte layer made of an electrolyte material, and the control electrode layer is at a side of the electrolyte layer away from the channel and overlaps with the electrolyte layer with respect to the channel. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the electrolyte layer is exposed in the channel to be allowed to be in contact with the liquid sample in an operation. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the electrolyte layer surrounds the channel. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein
the forming the control electrode layer comprises:
forming a first electrode part and a second electrode part which are spaced apart, wherein the first and second electrode parts are at opposite sides of the channel;
the forming the channel structure on the control electrode layer comprises:
forming the electrolyte layer on the first and second electrode parts, and enabling a first part of the electrolyte layer on the first electrode part to be in contact with a second part of the electrolyte layer on the second electrode layer to define the channel. 16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the forming the channel structure on the control electrode layer comprises:
forming the electrolyte layer on the control electrode layer; forming a second wall layer on the electrolyte layer, wherein a material of the second wall layer is different from the electrolyte material of the electrolyte layer; and forming the channel in the second wall layer. 17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
providing a base substrate, wherein the control electrode layer is formed on the base substrate, and the channel structure is formed on the control electrode layer. 18. The method according to claim 12, wherein the electrolyte material comprises a solid inorganic electrolyte material or a solid polymer electrolyte material. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the electrolyte material is liquid, and the method further comprises:
forming a hole structure in the channel wall, and accommodating the electrolyte material in the hole structure to obtain the electrolyte layer. 20. An operation method of a microfluidic channel, the microfluidic channel comprising:
a channel structure, comprising a channel for a liquid sample to flow through and a channel wall surrounding the channel, wherein the channel wall comprises an electrolyte layer made of an, electrolyte material; and a control electrode layer, at a side of the electrolyte layer away from the channel and overlapping with the electrolyte layer with respect to the channel, wherein the operation method comprises: providing an electric signal to the control electrode layer to control the liquid sample flowing in the channel. | A microfluidic channel and a preparation method and an operation method thereof. The microfluidic channel includes: a channel structure, including a channel for a liquid sample to flow through and a channel wall surrounding the channel. The channel wall includes an electrolyte layer made of an electrolyte material; and a control electrode layer, at a side of the electrolyte layer away from the channel. The control electrode layer overlaps with the electrolyte layer with respect to the channel.1. A microfluidic channel, comprising:
a channel structure, comprising a channel for a liquid sample to flow through and a channel wall surrounding the channel, wherein the channel wall comprises an electrolyte layer made of an electrolyte material; and a control electrode layer, at a side of the electrolyte layer away from the channel and overlapping with the electrolyte layer with respect to the channel. 2. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer is exposed in the channel to be allowed to be in contact with the liquid sample in an operation. 3. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer surrounds a part of the channel. 4. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the channel wall further comprises a first wall layer,
the first wall layer is exposed in the channel to be allowed to be in contact with the liquid sample in an operation, and a material of the first wall layer is different from the electrolyte material of the electrolyte layer. 5. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the channel wall further comprises a second wall layer,
the electrolyte layer s at a side of the second wall layer away from the channel, and a material of the second wall layer is different from the electrolyte material of the electrolyte layer. 6. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, further comprising a base substrate, wherein the control electrode layer is on the base substrate, and the channel structure is at a side of the control electrode layer away from the base substrate. 7. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the control electrode layer comprises a first electrode part and a second electrode part at opposite sides of the channel. 8. The microfluidic channel according to claim 7, wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a first part on the first electrode part and a second part on the second electrode part, and the first part is in contact with the second part to define the channel therebetween. 9. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, further comprising a cover plate,
wherein the cover plate is at a side of the channel structure to partially define the channel. 10. The microfluidic channel according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte material comprises an inorganic electrolyte material or a polymer electrolyte material. 11. The microfluidic channel according to claim 5, wherein the electrolyte material is liquid, and the channel structure comprises a hole structure configured to be allowed to accommodate the electrolyte material in an operation to form the electrolyte layer. 12. A method of preparing a microfluidic channel, comprising:
forming a control electrode layer; and forming a channel structure on the control electrode layer, wherein the channel structure comprises a channel for a liquid sample to flow and a channel wall comprising an electrolyte layer made of an electrolyte material, and the control electrode layer is at a side of the electrolyte layer away from the channel and overlaps with the electrolyte layer with respect to the channel. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the electrolyte layer is exposed in the channel to be allowed to be in contact with the liquid sample in an operation. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the electrolyte layer surrounds the channel. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein
the forming the control electrode layer comprises:
forming a first electrode part and a second electrode part which are spaced apart, wherein the first and second electrode parts are at opposite sides of the channel;
the forming the channel structure on the control electrode layer comprises:
forming the electrolyte layer on the first and second electrode parts, and enabling a first part of the electrolyte layer on the first electrode part to be in contact with a second part of the electrolyte layer on the second electrode layer to define the channel. 16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the forming the channel structure on the control electrode layer comprises:
forming the electrolyte layer on the control electrode layer; forming a second wall layer on the electrolyte layer, wherein a material of the second wall layer is different from the electrolyte material of the electrolyte layer; and forming the channel in the second wall layer. 17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
providing a base substrate, wherein the control electrode layer is formed on the base substrate, and the channel structure is formed on the control electrode layer. 18. The method according to claim 12, wherein the electrolyte material comprises a solid inorganic electrolyte material or a solid polymer electrolyte material. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the electrolyte material is liquid, and the method further comprises:
forming a hole structure in the channel wall, and accommodating the electrolyte material in the hole structure to obtain the electrolyte layer. 20. An operation method of a microfluidic channel, the microfluidic channel comprising:
a channel structure, comprising a channel for a liquid sample to flow through and a channel wall surrounding the channel, wherein the channel wall comprises an electrolyte layer made of an, electrolyte material; and a control electrode layer, at a side of the electrolyte layer away from the channel and overlapping with the electrolyte layer with respect to the channel, wherein the operation method comprises: providing an electric signal to the control electrode layer to control the liquid sample flowing in the channel. | 1,700 |
345,527 | 16,643,473 | 1,729 | An isolator includes a first waveguide and a second waveguide on a substrate having a substrate surface, the first waveguide and the second waveguide located along the substrate surface and overlapping each other as viewed from the substrate. The first waveguide and the second waveguide each include a core and a clad. The core has a first surface facing the substrate surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The clad contacts the first surface and the second surface of the core. The first waveguide has a first end and a second end, and has a port for input and output of electromagnetic waves at each of the first end and the second end. The core of the second waveguide includes a non-reciprocal member in at least one part of a cross section intersecting a direction in which the second waveguide extends. | 1. An isolator comprising:
a first waveguide and a second waveguide on a substrate having a substrate surface, the first waveguide and the second waveguide located along the substrate surface and overlapping each other as viewed from the substrate, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide each include a core and a clad, the core has a first surface facing the substrate surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the clad i contacts the first surface and the second surface of the core, the first waveguide has a first end and a second end, and has a port for input and output of electromagnetic waves at each of the first end and the second end, and the core of the second waveguide includes a non-reciprocal member in at least one part of a cross section intersecting a direction in which the second waveguide extends. 2.-11. (canceled) 12. The isolator according to claim 1, wherein the both ends of the second waveguide each have a cut surface, and wherein a normal vector of the cut surface has a component in a direction intersecting a propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the second waveguide. 13. (canceled) 14. The isolator according to claim 1,
wherein a length of the second waveguide is an odd multiple of a coupling length of the first waveguide and the second waveguide with respect to electromagnetic waves propagating from the second end to the first end, wherein a length of the second waveguide is calculated according to the following formula:
L=mλ 0/2|(n even −n odd)|
where L denotes the length of the second waveguide, neven and nodd respectively denote an even mode refractive index and an odd mode refractive index for electromagnetic waves propagating from the second end to the first end in a coupling of the first waveguide and the second waveguide, m denotes an odd number, and λ0 denotes a wavelength in a vacuum, and wherein a length of the second waveguide is an even multiple of a coupling length of the first waveguide and the second waveguide with respect to electromagnetic waves propagating from the first end to the second end. 15.-18. (canceled) 19. A light source device comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 1; and a light source is optically connected to the port. 20. (canceled) 21. An isolator comprising:
a first waveguide having a first end and a second end, and having a port for input and output of electromagnetic waves at each of the first end and the second end; and at least one second waveguide having both ends located along the first waveguide, and coupled to the first waveguide, wherein at any operation frequency, the first waveguide and the at least one second waveguide have a coupling coefficient in a case where electromagnetic waves input from the second end propagate toward the first end that is larger than a coupling coefficient in a case where electromagnetic waves input from the first end propagate toward the second end. 22.-25. (canceled) 26. The isolator according to claim 21, wherein the at least one second waveguide has an electromagnetic wave absorbing member on an outer side of each of the both ends. 27. The isolator according to claim 21, wherein the first waveguide has a matching adjustment circuit at a part of the first waveguide that is coupled to the at least one second waveguide. 28.-31. (canceled) 32. A light source device comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 21; and a light source optically connected to the port. 33. (canceled) 34. An isolator comprising:
a first waveguide and a second waveguide on a substrate having a substrate surface, the first waveguide and the second waveguide arranged side by side along the substrate surface, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide each include a core and a clad, the first waveguide has a first end and a second end, and has a port for input and output of electromagnetic waves at each of the first end and the second end, and the core of the second waveguide includes a non-reciprocal member in at least one part of a cross section intersecting a direction in which the second waveguide extends. 35.-37. (canceled) 38. The isolator according to claim 34, wherein a polarization direction of electromagnetic waves input to the first end is parallel to the substrate surface, wherein the first waveguide includes a first dielectric and a second dielectric arranged in a direction parallel to the substrate surface, and wherein the second dielectric is of a different type from the first dielectric,
the second waveguide includes a third dielectric, a fourth dielectric, and the non-reciprocal member arranged in the direction parallel to the substrate surface, and wherein the fourth dielectric is of a different type from the third dielectric, and the third dielectric, the fourth dielectric, and the non-reciprocal member are in contact in an in-plane direction of the substrate surface. 39.-42. (canceled) 43. The isolator according to claim 34, wherein both ends of the second waveguide each have a cut surface, and wherein a normal vector of the cut surface of at least one of the each both ends has a component in a direction intersecting a propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the second waveguide. 44. (canceled) 45. The isolator according to claim 34, wherein a length of the second waveguide is an odd multiple of a coupling length of the first waveguide and the second waveguide with respect to electromagnetic waves propagating from the second end to the first end, and wherein a length of the second waveguide is calculated according to the following formula:
L=mλ 0/2|(n even −n odd)| where L denotes the length of the second waveguide, neven and nodd respectively denote an even mode refractive index and an odd mode refractive index for electromagnetic waves propagating from the second end to the first end in a coupling of the first waveguide and the second waveguide, m denotes an odd number, and λ0 denotes a wavelength in a vacuum. 46. (canceled) 47. A light source device comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 34; and a light source is optically connected to the port. 48. (canceled) 49. An optical transmitter comprising:
a light source device including an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 1; a light source is optically connected to the port; and a light modulation function. 50. An optical transmitter comprising:
a light source device including optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 21; a light source optically connected to the port; and a light modulation function. 51. An optical transmitter comprising:
a light source device including an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 34; a light source is optically connected to the port; and a light modulation function. 52.-54. (canceled) 55. An optical amplifier comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 1. 56. An optical amplifier comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 21. 57. An optical amplifier comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 34. 58.-60. (canceled) | An isolator includes a first waveguide and a second waveguide on a substrate having a substrate surface, the first waveguide and the second waveguide located along the substrate surface and overlapping each other as viewed from the substrate. The first waveguide and the second waveguide each include a core and a clad. The core has a first surface facing the substrate surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The clad contacts the first surface and the second surface of the core. The first waveguide has a first end and a second end, and has a port for input and output of electromagnetic waves at each of the first end and the second end. The core of the second waveguide includes a non-reciprocal member in at least one part of a cross section intersecting a direction in which the second waveguide extends.1. An isolator comprising:
a first waveguide and a second waveguide on a substrate having a substrate surface, the first waveguide and the second waveguide located along the substrate surface and overlapping each other as viewed from the substrate, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide each include a core and a clad, the core has a first surface facing the substrate surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the clad i contacts the first surface and the second surface of the core, the first waveguide has a first end and a second end, and has a port for input and output of electromagnetic waves at each of the first end and the second end, and the core of the second waveguide includes a non-reciprocal member in at least one part of a cross section intersecting a direction in which the second waveguide extends. 2.-11. (canceled) 12. The isolator according to claim 1, wherein the both ends of the second waveguide each have a cut surface, and wherein a normal vector of the cut surface has a component in a direction intersecting a propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the second waveguide. 13. (canceled) 14. The isolator according to claim 1,
wherein a length of the second waveguide is an odd multiple of a coupling length of the first waveguide and the second waveguide with respect to electromagnetic waves propagating from the second end to the first end, wherein a length of the second waveguide is calculated according to the following formula:
L=mλ 0/2|(n even −n odd)|
where L denotes the length of the second waveguide, neven and nodd respectively denote an even mode refractive index and an odd mode refractive index for electromagnetic waves propagating from the second end to the first end in a coupling of the first waveguide and the second waveguide, m denotes an odd number, and λ0 denotes a wavelength in a vacuum, and wherein a length of the second waveguide is an even multiple of a coupling length of the first waveguide and the second waveguide with respect to electromagnetic waves propagating from the first end to the second end. 15.-18. (canceled) 19. A light source device comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 1; and a light source is optically connected to the port. 20. (canceled) 21. An isolator comprising:
a first waveguide having a first end and a second end, and having a port for input and output of electromagnetic waves at each of the first end and the second end; and at least one second waveguide having both ends located along the first waveguide, and coupled to the first waveguide, wherein at any operation frequency, the first waveguide and the at least one second waveguide have a coupling coefficient in a case where electromagnetic waves input from the second end propagate toward the first end that is larger than a coupling coefficient in a case where electromagnetic waves input from the first end propagate toward the second end. 22.-25. (canceled) 26. The isolator according to claim 21, wherein the at least one second waveguide has an electromagnetic wave absorbing member on an outer side of each of the both ends. 27. The isolator according to claim 21, wherein the first waveguide has a matching adjustment circuit at a part of the first waveguide that is coupled to the at least one second waveguide. 28.-31. (canceled) 32. A light source device comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 21; and a light source optically connected to the port. 33. (canceled) 34. An isolator comprising:
a first waveguide and a second waveguide on a substrate having a substrate surface, the first waveguide and the second waveguide arranged side by side along the substrate surface, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide each include a core and a clad, the first waveguide has a first end and a second end, and has a port for input and output of electromagnetic waves at each of the first end and the second end, and the core of the second waveguide includes a non-reciprocal member in at least one part of a cross section intersecting a direction in which the second waveguide extends. 35.-37. (canceled) 38. The isolator according to claim 34, wherein a polarization direction of electromagnetic waves input to the first end is parallel to the substrate surface, wherein the first waveguide includes a first dielectric and a second dielectric arranged in a direction parallel to the substrate surface, and wherein the second dielectric is of a different type from the first dielectric,
the second waveguide includes a third dielectric, a fourth dielectric, and the non-reciprocal member arranged in the direction parallel to the substrate surface, and wherein the fourth dielectric is of a different type from the third dielectric, and the third dielectric, the fourth dielectric, and the non-reciprocal member are in contact in an in-plane direction of the substrate surface. 39.-42. (canceled) 43. The isolator according to claim 34, wherein both ends of the second waveguide each have a cut surface, and wherein a normal vector of the cut surface of at least one of the each both ends has a component in a direction intersecting a propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the second waveguide. 44. (canceled) 45. The isolator according to claim 34, wherein a length of the second waveguide is an odd multiple of a coupling length of the first waveguide and the second waveguide with respect to electromagnetic waves propagating from the second end to the first end, and wherein a length of the second waveguide is calculated according to the following formula:
L=mλ 0/2|(n even −n odd)| where L denotes the length of the second waveguide, neven and nodd respectively denote an even mode refractive index and an odd mode refractive index for electromagnetic waves propagating from the second end to the first end in a coupling of the first waveguide and the second waveguide, m denotes an odd number, and λ0 denotes a wavelength in a vacuum. 46. (canceled) 47. A light source device comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 34; and a light source is optically connected to the port. 48. (canceled) 49. An optical transmitter comprising:
a light source device including an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 1; a light source is optically connected to the port; and a light modulation function. 50. An optical transmitter comprising:
a light source device including optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 21; a light source optically connected to the port; and a light modulation function. 51. An optical transmitter comprising:
a light source device including an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 34; a light source is optically connected to the port; and a light modulation function. 52.-54. (canceled) 55. An optical amplifier comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 1. 56. An optical amplifier comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 21. 57. An optical amplifier comprising:
an optical isolator comprising the isolator of claim 34. 58.-60. (canceled) | 1,700 |
345,528 | 16,643,433 | 1,729 | A sound signal control device in a device including an input transducer to detect sound in a space in a vehicle, a sensor to image an occupant in the space, and an output transducer to emit sound into the space includes: a controller to generate information indicating a position of a head of the occupant and information indicating a state of the occupant, based on an image imaged by the sensor; a processor to generate a cancellation signal for cancelling noise at the position based on a sound signal representing sound detected by the input transducer and the information, and generate a control signal for controlling sound at the position based on the cancellation signal; and a converter to cause the output transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the control signal. The processor adjusts a degree to which the noise is cancelled, based on the information indicating the state. | 1. A sound signal control device in a sound control device including an input sound transducer to detect sound in a space, an image sensor to image a person in the space, and an output sound transducer to emit sound into the space, the sound signal control device comprising:
a controller to generate information indicating a position of a head of the person on a basis of an image imaged by the image sensor; a sound signal processor to generate a control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the person on a basis of a collected sound signal representing the sound detected by the input sound transducer and the information indicating the position of the head of the person; and an output signal converter to cause the output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the control signal into the space, wherein the sound signal processor generates a cancellation sound signal for cancelling noise at the position of the head of the person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the person, and generates the control signal on a basis of the cancellation sound signal, wherein the space is a space in a vehicle, and the person is an occupant, wherein the controller generates information indicating a state of the occupant on a basis of the image, and wherein the sound signal processor adjusts a degree to which the noise at the position of the head of the occupant is cancelled, on a basis of the information indicating the state of the occupant. 2. (canceled) 3. The sound signal control device of claim 1, wherein the sound signal processor estimates the noise at the position of the head of the person from an estimate of the sound at the position of the head of the person based on the collected sound signal and an estimate of a sound at the position of the head of the person corresponding to the control signal, and generates the cancellation sound signal on a basis of the estimated noise at the position of the head of the person. 4. The sound signal control device of claim 3, wherein the sound signal processor adds, to the cancellation sound signal, a signal obtained by multiplying a signal representing the estimated noise by a coefficient ranging from 0 to 1, and outputs a result of the addition as the control signal. 5. The sound signal control device of claim 1, further comprising a noise signal generator to generate, on a basis of previously stored data representing noise, a noise signal representing the noise,
wherein the sound signal processor generates the cancellation sound signal on a basis of the noise signal. 6. The sound signal control device of claim 5, wherein the sound signal processor adds, to the cancellation sound signal, a signal obtained by multiplying the noise signal by a coefficient ranging from 0 to 1, and outputs a result of the addition as the control signal. 7-8. (canceled) 9. The sound signal control device of claim 1, wherein
the occupant is a driver, and the information indicating the state of the occupant is information indicating a level of attention of the driver to driving, and when the information indicating the state of the occupant indicates that the attention is low, the sound signal processor decreases the degree to which the noise is cancelled. 10. The sound signal control device of claim 1, further comprising:
an alternative sound data storage to store alternative sound data representing an alternative sound different from noise of the vehicle; and an alternative sound signal generator to output, as an alternative sound signal, a signal representing the alternative sound, wherein the sound signal processor outputs, as the control signal, a result of addition of the alternative sound signal to the cancellation sound signal. 11. The sound signal control device of claim 10, wherein
the noise of the vehicle is noise of a motor of the vehicle in which the sound signal control device is provided, the alternative sound is sound of a motor of a vehicle different in type from the vehicle in which the sound signal control device is provided, and the alternative sound signal generator generates the alternative sound signal on a basis of the alternative sound data and information indicating an operating state of the motor of the vehicle in which the sound signal control device is provided. 12. The sound signal control device of claim 10, wherein the sound signal processor adjusts a volume of the alternative sound on a basis of the information indicating the state of the occupant. 13. A sound signal control device in a sound control device including an input sound transducer to detect sound in a space, an image sensor to image first and second persons in the space, and first and second output sound transducers to emit sound into the space, the sound signal control device comprising:
a controller to generate information indicating a position of a head of the first person and information indicating a position of a head of the second person, on a basis of an image imaged by the image sensor; a first sound signal processor to generate a first control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the first person on a basis of a collected sound signal representing the sound detected by the input sound transducer and the information indicating the position of the head of the first person; a second sound signal processor to generate a second control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the second person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the second person; a first output signal converter to cause the first output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the first control signal into the space; and a second output signal converter to cause the second output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the second control signal into the space. 14. The sound signal control device of claim 13, wherein
the first sound signal processor generates a first cancellation sound signal for cancelling noise at the position of the head of the first person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the first person, and generates the first control signal on a basis of the first cancellation sound signal, and the second sound signal processor generates a second cancellation sound signal for cancelling noise at the position of the head of the second person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the second person, and generates the second control signal on a basis of the second cancellation sound signal. 15. The sound signal control device of claim 14, wherein
the controller generates information indicating a state of the first person and information indicating a state of the second person, on a basis of the image, the first sound signal processor adjusts a degree to which the noise at the position of the head of the first person is cancelled, on a basis of the information indicating the state of the first person, and the second sound signal processor adjusts a degree to which the noise at the position of the head of the second person is cancelled, on a basis of the information indicating the state of the second person. 16. The sound signal control device of claim 15, wherein
the space is a space in a vehicle, the first person is a driver, and the second person is another occupant other than the driver, the information indicating the state of the driver is information indicating a level of attention of the driver to driving, the information indicating the state of the other occupant is information indicating a level to which the other occupant desires to rest, when the information indicating the state of the driver indicates that the attention is low, the first sound signal processor generates, as the first control signal, a signal such that the degree to which the noise is cancelled is decreased, and when the information indicating the state of the other occupant indicates that the level of desire to rest is high, the second sound signal processor generates, as the second control signal, a signal such that the degree to which the noise is cancelled is increased. 17. (canceled) 18. A sound signal control method in a sound control device including an input sound transducer to detect sound in a space, an image sensor to image first and second persons in the space, and first and second output sound transducers to emit sound into the space, the sound signal control method comprising:
generating information indicating a position of a head of the first person and information indicating a position of a head of the second person, on a basis of an image imaged by the image sensor; generating a first control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the first person on a basis of a collected sound signal representing the sound detected by the input sound transducer and the information indicating the position of the head of the first person; generating a second control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the second person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the second person; causing the first output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the first control signal into the space; and causing the second output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the second control signal into the space. 19. (canceled) 20. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a process of the sound signal control device of claim 1. 21. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a process of the sound signal control device of claim 13. 22. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a process of the sound signal control method of claim 18. | A sound signal control device in a device including an input transducer to detect sound in a space in a vehicle, a sensor to image an occupant in the space, and an output transducer to emit sound into the space includes: a controller to generate information indicating a position of a head of the occupant and information indicating a state of the occupant, based on an image imaged by the sensor; a processor to generate a cancellation signal for cancelling noise at the position based on a sound signal representing sound detected by the input transducer and the information, and generate a control signal for controlling sound at the position based on the cancellation signal; and a converter to cause the output transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the control signal. The processor adjusts a degree to which the noise is cancelled, based on the information indicating the state.1. A sound signal control device in a sound control device including an input sound transducer to detect sound in a space, an image sensor to image a person in the space, and an output sound transducer to emit sound into the space, the sound signal control device comprising:
a controller to generate information indicating a position of a head of the person on a basis of an image imaged by the image sensor; a sound signal processor to generate a control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the person on a basis of a collected sound signal representing the sound detected by the input sound transducer and the information indicating the position of the head of the person; and an output signal converter to cause the output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the control signal into the space, wherein the sound signal processor generates a cancellation sound signal for cancelling noise at the position of the head of the person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the person, and generates the control signal on a basis of the cancellation sound signal, wherein the space is a space in a vehicle, and the person is an occupant, wherein the controller generates information indicating a state of the occupant on a basis of the image, and wherein the sound signal processor adjusts a degree to which the noise at the position of the head of the occupant is cancelled, on a basis of the information indicating the state of the occupant. 2. (canceled) 3. The sound signal control device of claim 1, wherein the sound signal processor estimates the noise at the position of the head of the person from an estimate of the sound at the position of the head of the person based on the collected sound signal and an estimate of a sound at the position of the head of the person corresponding to the control signal, and generates the cancellation sound signal on a basis of the estimated noise at the position of the head of the person. 4. The sound signal control device of claim 3, wherein the sound signal processor adds, to the cancellation sound signal, a signal obtained by multiplying a signal representing the estimated noise by a coefficient ranging from 0 to 1, and outputs a result of the addition as the control signal. 5. The sound signal control device of claim 1, further comprising a noise signal generator to generate, on a basis of previously stored data representing noise, a noise signal representing the noise,
wherein the sound signal processor generates the cancellation sound signal on a basis of the noise signal. 6. The sound signal control device of claim 5, wherein the sound signal processor adds, to the cancellation sound signal, a signal obtained by multiplying the noise signal by a coefficient ranging from 0 to 1, and outputs a result of the addition as the control signal. 7-8. (canceled) 9. The sound signal control device of claim 1, wherein
the occupant is a driver, and the information indicating the state of the occupant is information indicating a level of attention of the driver to driving, and when the information indicating the state of the occupant indicates that the attention is low, the sound signal processor decreases the degree to which the noise is cancelled. 10. The sound signal control device of claim 1, further comprising:
an alternative sound data storage to store alternative sound data representing an alternative sound different from noise of the vehicle; and an alternative sound signal generator to output, as an alternative sound signal, a signal representing the alternative sound, wherein the sound signal processor outputs, as the control signal, a result of addition of the alternative sound signal to the cancellation sound signal. 11. The sound signal control device of claim 10, wherein
the noise of the vehicle is noise of a motor of the vehicle in which the sound signal control device is provided, the alternative sound is sound of a motor of a vehicle different in type from the vehicle in which the sound signal control device is provided, and the alternative sound signal generator generates the alternative sound signal on a basis of the alternative sound data and information indicating an operating state of the motor of the vehicle in which the sound signal control device is provided. 12. The sound signal control device of claim 10, wherein the sound signal processor adjusts a volume of the alternative sound on a basis of the information indicating the state of the occupant. 13. A sound signal control device in a sound control device including an input sound transducer to detect sound in a space, an image sensor to image first and second persons in the space, and first and second output sound transducers to emit sound into the space, the sound signal control device comprising:
a controller to generate information indicating a position of a head of the first person and information indicating a position of a head of the second person, on a basis of an image imaged by the image sensor; a first sound signal processor to generate a first control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the first person on a basis of a collected sound signal representing the sound detected by the input sound transducer and the information indicating the position of the head of the first person; a second sound signal processor to generate a second control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the second person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the second person; a first output signal converter to cause the first output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the first control signal into the space; and a second output signal converter to cause the second output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the second control signal into the space. 14. The sound signal control device of claim 13, wherein
the first sound signal processor generates a first cancellation sound signal for cancelling noise at the position of the head of the first person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the first person, and generates the first control signal on a basis of the first cancellation sound signal, and the second sound signal processor generates a second cancellation sound signal for cancelling noise at the position of the head of the second person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the second person, and generates the second control signal on a basis of the second cancellation sound signal. 15. The sound signal control device of claim 14, wherein
the controller generates information indicating a state of the first person and information indicating a state of the second person, on a basis of the image, the first sound signal processor adjusts a degree to which the noise at the position of the head of the first person is cancelled, on a basis of the information indicating the state of the first person, and the second sound signal processor adjusts a degree to which the noise at the position of the head of the second person is cancelled, on a basis of the information indicating the state of the second person. 16. The sound signal control device of claim 15, wherein
the space is a space in a vehicle, the first person is a driver, and the second person is another occupant other than the driver, the information indicating the state of the driver is information indicating a level of attention of the driver to driving, the information indicating the state of the other occupant is information indicating a level to which the other occupant desires to rest, when the information indicating the state of the driver indicates that the attention is low, the first sound signal processor generates, as the first control signal, a signal such that the degree to which the noise is cancelled is decreased, and when the information indicating the state of the other occupant indicates that the level of desire to rest is high, the second sound signal processor generates, as the second control signal, a signal such that the degree to which the noise is cancelled is increased. 17. (canceled) 18. A sound signal control method in a sound control device including an input sound transducer to detect sound in a space, an image sensor to image first and second persons in the space, and first and second output sound transducers to emit sound into the space, the sound signal control method comprising:
generating information indicating a position of a head of the first person and information indicating a position of a head of the second person, on a basis of an image imaged by the image sensor; generating a first control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the first person on a basis of a collected sound signal representing the sound detected by the input sound transducer and the information indicating the position of the head of the first person; generating a second control signal for controlling sound at the position of the head of the second person on a basis of the collected sound signal and the information indicating the position of the head of the second person; causing the first output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the first control signal into the space; and causing the second output sound transducer to emit a sound corresponding to the second control signal into the space. 19. (canceled) 20. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a process of the sound signal control device of claim 1. 21. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a process of the sound signal control device of claim 13. 22. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a process of the sound signal control method of claim 18. | 1,700 |
345,529 | 16,643,452 | 1,729 | A voltage detection circuit is provided for measuring each cell voltage of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series. The voltage detection circuit is defined as a first voltage detection circuit. The voltage detection circuit includes a downstream communication circuit that communicates with a host apparatus to communicate with a plurality of voltage detection circuits connected in series with each other; a reply signal generation circuit that generates a reply signal containing data detected by the first voltage detection circuit; an upstream transfer circuit that transfers a signal received by the upstream communication circuit to downstream; a dummy current consumption circuit that consumes a predetermined dummy current; and a control circuit that controls the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to selectively operate any one of them. | 1. A voltage detection circuit for measuring each cell voltage of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series,
wherein the voltage detection circuit is defined as a first voltage detection circuit, wherein the voltage detection circuit comprises: a reply signal generation circuit that generates a reply signal containing data detected by the first voltage detection circuit; an upstream transfer circuit that transfers a signal received by an upstream communication circuit to downstream; a dummy current consumption circuit that consumes a predetermined dummy current; and a control circuit that controls the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to selectively operate any one of the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit, based on a communication command signal. 2. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the upstream communication circuit communicates with a third voltage detection circuit provided upstream of the first voltage detection circuit. 3. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a downstream communication circuit that communicates with a host apparatus to communicate with a plurality of voltage detection circuits connected in series with each other, or communicates with the host apparatus via a second voltage detection circuit provided downstream of the first voltage detection circuit. 4. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the communication command signal is received from the host apparatus. 5. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the control circuit is configured to control the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to select and operate the reply signal generation circuit when the communication command signal indicates request for the data detected by the first voltage detection circuit. 6. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the control circuit is configured to control the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to select and operate the upstream transfer circuit when the communication command signal indicates request for the data detected by the third voltage detection circuit. 7. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the control circuit is configured to control the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to select and operate the dummy current consumption circuit when the communication command signal indicates request for the data detected by the second voltage detection circuit. 8. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the dummy current consumption circuit is a dummy reply signal generation circuit that consumes an identical power to a power consumed in transmission of the reply signal by the reply signal generation circuit, to generate a dummy reply signal. 9. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the dummy reply signal generation circuit transmits the dummy reply signal at a communication speed higher than a communication speed of the reply signal generation circuit. 10. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the dummy current consumption circuit is a dummy current generation circuit that consumes an identical power to a power consumed in transmission of the reply signal by the reply signal generation circuit, to generate a dummy current. 11. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the power consumption of the upstream transfer circuit, the power consumption of the reply signal generation circuit, and the power consumption of the dummy current consumption circuit are same to each other. 12. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the upstream communication circuit of the voltage detection circuit that detects the cell voltage of the most upstream cell selected from the plurality of cells does not receive the dummy reply signal from the voltage detection circuit located at the side of upstream. 13. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the data includes a battery data of a cell voltage detected by the first voltage detection circuit. 14. A voltage measurement apparatus comprising:
a plurality of voltage detection circuits; and a host apparatus that communicates with the plurality of voltage detection circuits, wherein the voltage measurement apparatus is configured to measure a plurality of cell voltages of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, wherein one voltage detection circuit selected from the plurality of voltage detection circuits is defined as a first voltage detection circuit, and wherein each of the voltage detection circuits comprises: a downstream communication circuit that communicates with a host apparatus to communicate with a plurality of voltage detection circuits connected in series with each other, or communicates with the host apparatus via a second voltage detection circuit provided downstream of the first voltage detection circuit; an upstream communication circuit that communicates with a third voltage detection circuit provided upstream of the first voltage detection circuit; a reply signal generation circuit that generates a reply signal containing data detected by each of the voltage detection circuits; an upstream transfer circuit that transfers a signal received by the upstream communication circuit to downstream; a dummy current consumption circuit that consumes a predetermined dummy current; and a control circuit that controls the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to selectively operate any one of the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit, based on a communication command signal received from the host apparatus. 15. The voltage measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 14,
wherein the data includes a battery data of a cell voltage detected by each of the voltage detection circuits. 16. An assembled battery system comprising:
a plurality of voltage detection circuits; a host apparatus; and an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, wherein the assembled battery system is configured to measure a plurality of cell voltages of the assembled battery, wherein one voltage detection circuit selected from the plurality of voltage detection circuits is defined as a first voltage detection circuit, and wherein each of the voltage detection circuit comprises: a downstream communication circuit that communicates with a host apparatus to communicate with a plurality of voltage detection circuits connected in series with each other, or communicates with the host apparatus via a second voltage detection circuit provided downstream of the first voltage detection circuit; an upstream communication circuit that communicates with a third voltage detection circuit provided upstream of the first voltage detection circuit; a reply signal generation circuit that generates a reply signal containing data detected by each of the voltage detection circuits; an upstream transfer circuit that transfers a signal received by the upstream communication circuit to downstream; a dummy current consumption circuit that consumes a predetermined dummy current; and a control circuit that controls the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to selectively operate any one of the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit, based on a communication command signal received from the host apparatus. 17. The assembled battery system as claimed in claim 16,
wherein the data includes a battery data of a cell voltage detected by each of the voltage detection circuits. | A voltage detection circuit is provided for measuring each cell voltage of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series. The voltage detection circuit is defined as a first voltage detection circuit. The voltage detection circuit includes a downstream communication circuit that communicates with a host apparatus to communicate with a plurality of voltage detection circuits connected in series with each other; a reply signal generation circuit that generates a reply signal containing data detected by the first voltage detection circuit; an upstream transfer circuit that transfers a signal received by the upstream communication circuit to downstream; a dummy current consumption circuit that consumes a predetermined dummy current; and a control circuit that controls the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to selectively operate any one of them.1. A voltage detection circuit for measuring each cell voltage of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series,
wherein the voltage detection circuit is defined as a first voltage detection circuit, wherein the voltage detection circuit comprises: a reply signal generation circuit that generates a reply signal containing data detected by the first voltage detection circuit; an upstream transfer circuit that transfers a signal received by an upstream communication circuit to downstream; a dummy current consumption circuit that consumes a predetermined dummy current; and a control circuit that controls the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to selectively operate any one of the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit, based on a communication command signal. 2. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the upstream communication circuit communicates with a third voltage detection circuit provided upstream of the first voltage detection circuit. 3. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a downstream communication circuit that communicates with a host apparatus to communicate with a plurality of voltage detection circuits connected in series with each other, or communicates with the host apparatus via a second voltage detection circuit provided downstream of the first voltage detection circuit. 4. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the communication command signal is received from the host apparatus. 5. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the control circuit is configured to control the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to select and operate the reply signal generation circuit when the communication command signal indicates request for the data detected by the first voltage detection circuit. 6. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the control circuit is configured to control the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to select and operate the upstream transfer circuit when the communication command signal indicates request for the data detected by the third voltage detection circuit. 7. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the control circuit is configured to control the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to select and operate the dummy current consumption circuit when the communication command signal indicates request for the data detected by the second voltage detection circuit. 8. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the dummy current consumption circuit is a dummy reply signal generation circuit that consumes an identical power to a power consumed in transmission of the reply signal by the reply signal generation circuit, to generate a dummy reply signal. 9. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 8,
wherein the dummy reply signal generation circuit transmits the dummy reply signal at a communication speed higher than a communication speed of the reply signal generation circuit. 10. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the dummy current consumption circuit is a dummy current generation circuit that consumes an identical power to a power consumed in transmission of the reply signal by the reply signal generation circuit, to generate a dummy current. 11. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the power consumption of the upstream transfer circuit, the power consumption of the reply signal generation circuit, and the power consumption of the dummy current consumption circuit are same to each other. 12. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the upstream communication circuit of the voltage detection circuit that detects the cell voltage of the most upstream cell selected from the plurality of cells does not receive the dummy reply signal from the voltage detection circuit located at the side of upstream. 13. The voltage detection circuit as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the data includes a battery data of a cell voltage detected by the first voltage detection circuit. 14. A voltage measurement apparatus comprising:
a plurality of voltage detection circuits; and a host apparatus that communicates with the plurality of voltage detection circuits, wherein the voltage measurement apparatus is configured to measure a plurality of cell voltages of an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, wherein one voltage detection circuit selected from the plurality of voltage detection circuits is defined as a first voltage detection circuit, and wherein each of the voltage detection circuits comprises: a downstream communication circuit that communicates with a host apparatus to communicate with a plurality of voltage detection circuits connected in series with each other, or communicates with the host apparatus via a second voltage detection circuit provided downstream of the first voltage detection circuit; an upstream communication circuit that communicates with a third voltage detection circuit provided upstream of the first voltage detection circuit; a reply signal generation circuit that generates a reply signal containing data detected by each of the voltage detection circuits; an upstream transfer circuit that transfers a signal received by the upstream communication circuit to downstream; a dummy current consumption circuit that consumes a predetermined dummy current; and a control circuit that controls the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to selectively operate any one of the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit, based on a communication command signal received from the host apparatus. 15. The voltage measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 14,
wherein the data includes a battery data of a cell voltage detected by each of the voltage detection circuits. 16. An assembled battery system comprising:
a plurality of voltage detection circuits; a host apparatus; and an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, wherein the assembled battery system is configured to measure a plurality of cell voltages of the assembled battery, wherein one voltage detection circuit selected from the plurality of voltage detection circuits is defined as a first voltage detection circuit, and wherein each of the voltage detection circuit comprises: a downstream communication circuit that communicates with a host apparatus to communicate with a plurality of voltage detection circuits connected in series with each other, or communicates with the host apparatus via a second voltage detection circuit provided downstream of the first voltage detection circuit; an upstream communication circuit that communicates with a third voltage detection circuit provided upstream of the first voltage detection circuit; a reply signal generation circuit that generates a reply signal containing data detected by each of the voltage detection circuits; an upstream transfer circuit that transfers a signal received by the upstream communication circuit to downstream; a dummy current consumption circuit that consumes a predetermined dummy current; and a control circuit that controls the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit to selectively operate any one of the reply signal generation circuit, the upstream transfer circuit, and the dummy current consumption circuit, based on a communication command signal received from the host apparatus. 17. The assembled battery system as claimed in claim 16,
wherein the data includes a battery data of a cell voltage detected by each of the voltage detection circuits. | 1,700 |
345,530 | 16,643,418 | 1,729 | The present invention relates to a method of preventing or treating keloids using a liquid plasma. A liquid plasma according to the present invention is remarkably effective in inhibiting the generation and proliferation of keloids, thus being expected to be greatly utilized for the prevention and treatment of keloids. | 1. A method of preparing a liquid plasma for preventing or treating keloids, the method comprising:
(a) a step of charging a plasma generation apparatus with a carrier gas; (b) a step of supplying a voltage of 1 kV to 20 kV and a frequency of 10 to 30 kHz to the plasma generation apparatus to generate plasma; and (c) a step of irradiating a liquid material with the generated plasma. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier gas of step (a) is one or more selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon, and oxygen. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the carrier gas is prepared by mixing nitrogen and argon in ratio of 15:2% by volume. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation of step (b) is carried out for 10 to 60 seconds per ml at a distance of 0.1 cm to 15 cm from a surface of a liquid material. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid material of step (c) is water, saline, buffer, or medium. 6. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating keloids, comprising a liquid plasma prepared according to the method of claim 1. 7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an oral formulation, a parenteral formulation, or a topical formulation. 8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is used alone or in combination surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and methods of using biological response modifiers. 9. A method of preventing or treating keloids, the method comprising a step of administering the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6 to a subject except for human. | The present invention relates to a method of preventing or treating keloids using a liquid plasma. A liquid plasma according to the present invention is remarkably effective in inhibiting the generation and proliferation of keloids, thus being expected to be greatly utilized for the prevention and treatment of keloids.1. A method of preparing a liquid plasma for preventing or treating keloids, the method comprising:
(a) a step of charging a plasma generation apparatus with a carrier gas; (b) a step of supplying a voltage of 1 kV to 20 kV and a frequency of 10 to 30 kHz to the plasma generation apparatus to generate plasma; and (c) a step of irradiating a liquid material with the generated plasma. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier gas of step (a) is one or more selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon, and oxygen. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the carrier gas is prepared by mixing nitrogen and argon in ratio of 15:2% by volume. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation of step (b) is carried out for 10 to 60 seconds per ml at a distance of 0.1 cm to 15 cm from a surface of a liquid material. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid material of step (c) is water, saline, buffer, or medium. 6. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating keloids, comprising a liquid plasma prepared according to the method of claim 1. 7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an oral formulation, a parenteral formulation, or a topical formulation. 8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is used alone or in combination surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and methods of using biological response modifiers. 9. A method of preventing or treating keloids, the method comprising a step of administering the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6 to a subject except for human. | 1,700 |
345,531 | 16,643,461 | 1,729 | The objective of the present invention is to provide a billing server and the like capable of receiving email using the same address irrespective of whether or not an object is to be billed, and which can differentiate between and handle both situations. A billing server (4) according to the present invention comprises: a transmitting party acquiring unit (452) which detects that a mail server (6) has received an email, and acquires the transmitting party thereof; an information requesting unit (454) which requests the transmitting party to input price settlement information into a settlement server (5); a display changing unit (456) which, when a result receiving unit (455) has received a result to the effect that information has been provided, changes the display prior to the email being opened to a prescribed format; an operation detecting unit (458) which detects, by way of the mail server (6), an operation executed with respect to the email; and a settlement requesting unit (457) which, when the result receiving unit (455) has received the result to the effect that information has been provided, and the operation detecting unit (458) has detected that a prescribed operation has been executed, requests the settlement server for a settlement. | 1. A billing server, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing a computer program executed by the processor, wherein the processor is configured, by the computer program, to:
detect that a mail server has received an email and acquire a sender of the email;
determine compensation to be requested from the sender,
request that the sender input information necessary for settlement of the compensation to a settlement server;
receive result of the request for information;
control the mail server to change a display prior to opening of the email to a predetermined display format when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received;
detect, via the mail server, opening of the email or an operation executed on the email after opening; and request that the settlement server execute the settlement when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received and it is detected that a predetermined operation has been executed. 2. The billing server according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
register, based on a request by a recipient of the email, the sender and the recipient as a pair; and exclude emails having a sender and recipient pair identical to the pair registered from the request for information necessary for the settlement of the compensation. 3. The billing server according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to receive, via the settlement server, result of the request for information necessary for the settlement of the compensation. 4. The billing server according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate the compensation based on an SNS follower count of the recipient of the email or a number of prior emails received by the recipient of the email. 5. The billing server according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a settlement response indicating execution of the settlement from the settlement server; judge whether a reply mail to the email has been transmitted by the recipient of the email by a predetermined time; and transmit a follow-up mail which prompts a reply to the email, to the recipient when the settlement response has been received, the predetermined operation is opening of the email and the reply mail has not been transmitted by the recipient by the predetermined time. 6. The billing server according to claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to determine at least one of a frequency and interval of transmission of the follow-up mail based on an SNS follower count of the recipient. 7. The billing server according to claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
acquire additional cost information representing a cost paid by the sender of the email for the transmission of the follow-up email; determine the compensation to be requested from the sender based on at least one of a compensation amount set by the recipient of the email and a compensation amount calculated, and a cost corresponding to the additional cost information. 8. A billing method executed by a billing server, comprising:
detecting that a mail server has received an email and acquiring a sender of the email; determining compensation to be requested from the sender; requesting that the sender input information necessary for settlement of the compensation to a settlement server, receiving result of the request for information; controlling the mail server to change a display prior to opening of the email to a predetermined display format when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received; detecting, via the mail server, opening of the email or an operation executed on the email after opening; and requesting that the settlement server execute the settlement when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received and it is detected that a predetermined operation has been executed. 9. A computer-readable, non-transitory medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a billing server to execute a process, the process comprising:
detecting that a mail server has received an email and acquiring a sender of the email; determining compensation to be requested from the sender; requesting that the sender input information necessary for settlement of the compensation to a settlement server; receiving result of the request for information; controlling the mail server to change a display prior to opening of the email to a predetermined display format when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received; detecting, via the mail server, opening of the email or an operation executed on the email after opening; and requesting that the settlement server execute the settlement when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received and it is detected that a predetermined operation has been executed. | The objective of the present invention is to provide a billing server and the like capable of receiving email using the same address irrespective of whether or not an object is to be billed, and which can differentiate between and handle both situations. A billing server (4) according to the present invention comprises: a transmitting party acquiring unit (452) which detects that a mail server (6) has received an email, and acquires the transmitting party thereof; an information requesting unit (454) which requests the transmitting party to input price settlement information into a settlement server (5); a display changing unit (456) which, when a result receiving unit (455) has received a result to the effect that information has been provided, changes the display prior to the email being opened to a prescribed format; an operation detecting unit (458) which detects, by way of the mail server (6), an operation executed with respect to the email; and a settlement requesting unit (457) which, when the result receiving unit (455) has received the result to the effect that information has been provided, and the operation detecting unit (458) has detected that a prescribed operation has been executed, requests the settlement server for a settlement.1. A billing server, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing a computer program executed by the processor, wherein the processor is configured, by the computer program, to:
detect that a mail server has received an email and acquire a sender of the email;
determine compensation to be requested from the sender,
request that the sender input information necessary for settlement of the compensation to a settlement server;
receive result of the request for information;
control the mail server to change a display prior to opening of the email to a predetermined display format when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received;
detect, via the mail server, opening of the email or an operation executed on the email after opening; and request that the settlement server execute the settlement when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received and it is detected that a predetermined operation has been executed. 2. The billing server according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
register, based on a request by a recipient of the email, the sender and the recipient as a pair; and exclude emails having a sender and recipient pair identical to the pair registered from the request for information necessary for the settlement of the compensation. 3. The billing server according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to receive, via the settlement server, result of the request for information necessary for the settlement of the compensation. 4. The billing server according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate the compensation based on an SNS follower count of the recipient of the email or a number of prior emails received by the recipient of the email. 5. The billing server according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a settlement response indicating execution of the settlement from the settlement server; judge whether a reply mail to the email has been transmitted by the recipient of the email by a predetermined time; and transmit a follow-up mail which prompts a reply to the email, to the recipient when the settlement response has been received, the predetermined operation is opening of the email and the reply mail has not been transmitted by the recipient by the predetermined time. 6. The billing server according to claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to determine at least one of a frequency and interval of transmission of the follow-up mail based on an SNS follower count of the recipient. 7. The billing server according to claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:
acquire additional cost information representing a cost paid by the sender of the email for the transmission of the follow-up email; determine the compensation to be requested from the sender based on at least one of a compensation amount set by the recipient of the email and a compensation amount calculated, and a cost corresponding to the additional cost information. 8. A billing method executed by a billing server, comprising:
detecting that a mail server has received an email and acquiring a sender of the email; determining compensation to be requested from the sender; requesting that the sender input information necessary for settlement of the compensation to a settlement server, receiving result of the request for information; controlling the mail server to change a display prior to opening of the email to a predetermined display format when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received; detecting, via the mail server, opening of the email or an operation executed on the email after opening; and requesting that the settlement server execute the settlement when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received and it is detected that a predetermined operation has been executed. 9. A computer-readable, non-transitory medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a billing server to execute a process, the process comprising:
detecting that a mail server has received an email and acquiring a sender of the email; determining compensation to be requested from the sender; requesting that the sender input information necessary for settlement of the compensation to a settlement server; receiving result of the request for information; controlling the mail server to change a display prior to opening of the email to a predetermined display format when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received; detecting, via the mail server, opening of the email or an operation executed on the email after opening; and requesting that the settlement server execute the settlement when result indicating that the information has been supplied is received and it is detected that a predetermined operation has been executed. | 1,700 |
345,532 | 16,643,448 | 1,729 | The present disclosure relates to a washing- and cleaning-active polymer film which includes a mixture of at least one polymer P1) including polymerized units of at least one α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. The washing- and cleaning-active polymer film optionally further includes comonomers and a polyoxyalkylene ether PE). The disclosure furthermore relates to a process for producing such a washing- and cleaning-active polymer film and to a covering or coating for a detergent or cleaner portion which includes such a polymer film. | 1. A washing- and cleaning-active polymer film, comprising at least one layer obtainable by:
a) providing an aqueous composition by mixing
a polymer P1) prepared by free-radical polymerization of a monomer composition M) that comprises at least one monomer A), selected from α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, salts of α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof, wherein the monomer A) is used in an amount of from 50 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer composition M),
a polyoxyalkylene ether PE) having at least one C8-C18-alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, and an average of 3 to 25 alkylene oxide units per molecule, and
water,
wherein at the most 30 mol % of the carboxy groups of the polymer P1) are in the deprotonated form,
the weight ratio of the polymer P1) to the polyoxyalkylene ether PE) is in a range from 0.9:1 to 5:1, and the aqueous composition has a water content of at least 10% by weight and at most 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, b) converting the aqueous composition to a polymer film. 2. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the monomer composition M) comprises in addition at least one monomer B) which is selected from unsaturated sulfonic acids, salts of unsaturated sulfonic acids, unsaturated phosphonic acids, salts of unsaturated phosphonic acids and mixtures thereof. 3. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the monomer composition M) comprises in addition at least one monomer C) selected from
C1) nitrogen heterocycles with a free-radically polymerizable α,β-ethylenically unsaturated double bond, C2) monomers containing amide groups, C3) compounds of the general formulae (I.a) and (I.b) 4. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the polymer P1) comprises less than 0.5% by weight polymerized units of crosslinking monomers which have two or more than two free-radically polymerizable α,β-ethylenically unsaturated double bonds per molecule. 5. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the monomer A) is selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, ethacrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid and aconitic acid, salts of the aforementioned carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof. 6. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the monomer A) comprises acrylic acid or consists of acrylic acid. 7. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the polymer P1) comprises less than 15% by weight polymerized units of monomers different from monomers A). 8. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the polyoxyalkylene ethers PE) comprise on average 3 to 10 alkylene oxide units per molecule. 9. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein at the most 10 mol % of the carboxy groups of the polymer P1) are in the deprotonated form. 10. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the polymer P1) to the polyoxyalkylene ether PE) is in a range from 0.9:1 to 4:1. 11. The polymer film according to claim 1 in form of a multilayer film comprising at least one further layer comprising or consisting of at least one polymer P2) selected from
natural and modified polysaccharides,
homo- and copolymers comprising repeat units which derive from vinyl alcohol, vinyl esters, alkoxylated vinyl alcohols or mixtures thereof,
homo- and copolymers comprising at least one copolymerized monomer selected from N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylimidazole, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, salts of the three latter monomers, vinylpyridine N-oxide, N-carboxymethyl-4-vinylpyridium halides and mixtures thereof,
homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, especially copolymers comprising at least one copolymerized acrylic monomer selected from acrylic acid, acrylic salts and mixtures thereof, and at least one copolymerized maleic monomer selected from maleic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic salts and mixtures thereof,
copolymers comprising at least one copolymerized (meth)acrylic monomer selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, salts thereof and mixtures thereof and at least one copolymerized hydrophobic monomer selected from C1-C8-alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid, C2-C10 olefins, styrene and α-methylstyrene,
copolymers comprising at least one copolymerized maleic monomer selected from maleic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic salts and mixtures thereof and at least one copolymerized C2-C8 olefin,
homo- and copolymers of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide,
polyamino acids,
water-soluble or water-dispersible polyamides,
polyalkylene glycols, mono- or diethers of polyalkylene glycols, and
mixtures thereof. 12. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the layers comprises at least one additive and/or at least one additive is present between at least two layers, said additive being selected from nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, builders, complexing agents such as methylglycinediacetic acid, glutaminediacetic acid, glutamic acid diacetic acid and citric acid and the sodium and potassium salts thereof, bleaches, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, bases, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, foam inhibitors, wetting agents, dyes, pigments, fragrances, fillers, tableting aids, disintegrants, thickeners, solubilizers, organic solvents, electrolytes, pH modifiers, perfume carriers, bitter substances, fluorescers, hydrotropes, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, antishrink agents, anticrease agents, dye transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial active ingredients, antioxidants, anti-yellowing agents, corrosion inhibitors, antistats, ironing aids, hydrophobizing and impregnating agents, antiswell and antislip agents, plasticizers, scavengers, polymers other than the polymers P1) and the polymers P2), agents for modification of gas permeability and water vapor permeability, antistats, glidants, slip agents and UV absorbers and mixtures thereof. 13. A process for producing a washing- and cleaning-active polymer film, comprising
a) providing an aqueous composition by mixing
a polymer P1) prepared by free-radical polymerization of a monomer composition M) that comprises of at least one monomer A), selected from α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, salts of α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof, wherein the monomer A) is used in an amount of from 50 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer composition M),
an polyoxyalkylene ether PE) having at least one C8-C18-alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, and an average of 3 to 25 alkylene oxide units per molecule, and
water,
wherein at the most 30 mol % of the carboxy groups of the polymer P1) are in the deprotonated form, the weight ratio of the polymer P1) to the polyoxyalkylene ether PE) is in a range from 0.9:1 to 5:1, and the aqueous composition has a water content of at least 10% by weight and at most 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, and b) converting the aqueous composition to a polymer film. 14. The process according to claim 13, where in step a) the mixing is performed at temperature in the range from 25 to 100° C. 15. The process according to claim 13, where at least one additive is added to the aqueous composition prior to and/or during and/or after mixing step a). 16. A method for the at least partial covering of a liquid or solid detergent or cleaner, the method comprising a use of a polymer film as defined in claim 1. 17. A method for improving the detachment of soil from laundry (improvement of primary washing power) and/or for preventing the redeposition of detached soil on laundry (improvement of secondary washing power) and/or for preventing dye transfer, the method comprising a use of a polymer film as defined in claim 1. 18. A covering or coating for a detergent or cleaner portion, comprising a polymer film, as defined in claim 1. 19. A detergent or cleaner, comprising:
A) at least one covering and/or coating, comprising a washing- and cleaning-active polymer film as defined in claim 1, B) at least one surfactant, C) optionally at least one builder, D) optionally at least one bleach system, E) optionally at least one further additive selected from enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, bases, corrosion inhibitors, antifoams, foam inhibitors, dyes, fragrances, fillers, tableting auxiliaries, disintegrants, thickeners, solubility promoters, organic solvents, electrolytes, pH extenders, perfume carriers, bitter substances, fluorescent agents, hydrotropes, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, shrink preventers, anticrease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial active ingredients, antioxidants, anti-yellowing agents, corrosion inhibitors, antistats, ironing aids, phobicization and impregnation agents, swelling and slip-resist agents and UV absorbers, and F) optionally water. 20. A method for the at least partial covering of a liquid or solid detergent or cleaner, the method comprising a use of a polymer film obtainable by a process as defined in claim 13. | The present disclosure relates to a washing- and cleaning-active polymer film which includes a mixture of at least one polymer P1) including polymerized units of at least one α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. The washing- and cleaning-active polymer film optionally further includes comonomers and a polyoxyalkylene ether PE). The disclosure furthermore relates to a process for producing such a washing- and cleaning-active polymer film and to a covering or coating for a detergent or cleaner portion which includes such a polymer film.1. A washing- and cleaning-active polymer film, comprising at least one layer obtainable by:
a) providing an aqueous composition by mixing
a polymer P1) prepared by free-radical polymerization of a monomer composition M) that comprises at least one monomer A), selected from α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, salts of α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof, wherein the monomer A) is used in an amount of from 50 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer composition M),
a polyoxyalkylene ether PE) having at least one C8-C18-alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, and an average of 3 to 25 alkylene oxide units per molecule, and
water,
wherein at the most 30 mol % of the carboxy groups of the polymer P1) are in the deprotonated form,
the weight ratio of the polymer P1) to the polyoxyalkylene ether PE) is in a range from 0.9:1 to 5:1, and the aqueous composition has a water content of at least 10% by weight and at most 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, b) converting the aqueous composition to a polymer film. 2. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the monomer composition M) comprises in addition at least one monomer B) which is selected from unsaturated sulfonic acids, salts of unsaturated sulfonic acids, unsaturated phosphonic acids, salts of unsaturated phosphonic acids and mixtures thereof. 3. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the monomer composition M) comprises in addition at least one monomer C) selected from
C1) nitrogen heterocycles with a free-radically polymerizable α,β-ethylenically unsaturated double bond, C2) monomers containing amide groups, C3) compounds of the general formulae (I.a) and (I.b) 4. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the polymer P1) comprises less than 0.5% by weight polymerized units of crosslinking monomers which have two or more than two free-radically polymerizable α,β-ethylenically unsaturated double bonds per molecule. 5. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the monomer A) is selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, ethacrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid and aconitic acid, salts of the aforementioned carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof. 6. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the monomer A) comprises acrylic acid or consists of acrylic acid. 7. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the polymer P1) comprises less than 15% by weight polymerized units of monomers different from monomers A). 8. The polymer film according to claim 1, where the polyoxyalkylene ethers PE) comprise on average 3 to 10 alkylene oxide units per molecule. 9. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein at the most 10 mol % of the carboxy groups of the polymer P1) are in the deprotonated form. 10. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the polymer P1) to the polyoxyalkylene ether PE) is in a range from 0.9:1 to 4:1. 11. The polymer film according to claim 1 in form of a multilayer film comprising at least one further layer comprising or consisting of at least one polymer P2) selected from
natural and modified polysaccharides,
homo- and copolymers comprising repeat units which derive from vinyl alcohol, vinyl esters, alkoxylated vinyl alcohols or mixtures thereof,
homo- and copolymers comprising at least one copolymerized monomer selected from N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylimidazole, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, salts of the three latter monomers, vinylpyridine N-oxide, N-carboxymethyl-4-vinylpyridium halides and mixtures thereof,
homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, especially copolymers comprising at least one copolymerized acrylic monomer selected from acrylic acid, acrylic salts and mixtures thereof, and at least one copolymerized maleic monomer selected from maleic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic salts and mixtures thereof,
copolymers comprising at least one copolymerized (meth)acrylic monomer selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, salts thereof and mixtures thereof and at least one copolymerized hydrophobic monomer selected from C1-C8-alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid, C2-C10 olefins, styrene and α-methylstyrene,
copolymers comprising at least one copolymerized maleic monomer selected from maleic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic salts and mixtures thereof and at least one copolymerized C2-C8 olefin,
homo- and copolymers of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide,
polyamino acids,
water-soluble or water-dispersible polyamides,
polyalkylene glycols, mono- or diethers of polyalkylene glycols, and
mixtures thereof. 12. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the layers comprises at least one additive and/or at least one additive is present between at least two layers, said additive being selected from nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, builders, complexing agents such as methylglycinediacetic acid, glutaminediacetic acid, glutamic acid diacetic acid and citric acid and the sodium and potassium salts thereof, bleaches, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, bases, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, foam inhibitors, wetting agents, dyes, pigments, fragrances, fillers, tableting aids, disintegrants, thickeners, solubilizers, organic solvents, electrolytes, pH modifiers, perfume carriers, bitter substances, fluorescers, hydrotropes, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, antishrink agents, anticrease agents, dye transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial active ingredients, antioxidants, anti-yellowing agents, corrosion inhibitors, antistats, ironing aids, hydrophobizing and impregnating agents, antiswell and antislip agents, plasticizers, scavengers, polymers other than the polymers P1) and the polymers P2), agents for modification of gas permeability and water vapor permeability, antistats, glidants, slip agents and UV absorbers and mixtures thereof. 13. A process for producing a washing- and cleaning-active polymer film, comprising
a) providing an aqueous composition by mixing
a polymer P1) prepared by free-radical polymerization of a monomer composition M) that comprises of at least one monomer A), selected from α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, salts of α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof, wherein the monomer A) is used in an amount of from 50 to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer composition M),
an polyoxyalkylene ether PE) having at least one C8-C18-alkyl group that is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, and an average of 3 to 25 alkylene oxide units per molecule, and
water,
wherein at the most 30 mol % of the carboxy groups of the polymer P1) are in the deprotonated form, the weight ratio of the polymer P1) to the polyoxyalkylene ether PE) is in a range from 0.9:1 to 5:1, and the aqueous composition has a water content of at least 10% by weight and at most 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, and b) converting the aqueous composition to a polymer film. 14. The process according to claim 13, where in step a) the mixing is performed at temperature in the range from 25 to 100° C. 15. The process according to claim 13, where at least one additive is added to the aqueous composition prior to and/or during and/or after mixing step a). 16. A method for the at least partial covering of a liquid or solid detergent or cleaner, the method comprising a use of a polymer film as defined in claim 1. 17. A method for improving the detachment of soil from laundry (improvement of primary washing power) and/or for preventing the redeposition of detached soil on laundry (improvement of secondary washing power) and/or for preventing dye transfer, the method comprising a use of a polymer film as defined in claim 1. 18. A covering or coating for a detergent or cleaner portion, comprising a polymer film, as defined in claim 1. 19. A detergent or cleaner, comprising:
A) at least one covering and/or coating, comprising a washing- and cleaning-active polymer film as defined in claim 1, B) at least one surfactant, C) optionally at least one builder, D) optionally at least one bleach system, E) optionally at least one further additive selected from enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, bases, corrosion inhibitors, antifoams, foam inhibitors, dyes, fragrances, fillers, tableting auxiliaries, disintegrants, thickeners, solubility promoters, organic solvents, electrolytes, pH extenders, perfume carriers, bitter substances, fluorescent agents, hydrotropes, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, shrink preventers, anticrease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial active ingredients, antioxidants, anti-yellowing agents, corrosion inhibitors, antistats, ironing aids, phobicization and impregnation agents, swelling and slip-resist agents and UV absorbers, and F) optionally water. 20. A method for the at least partial covering of a liquid or solid detergent or cleaner, the method comprising a use of a polymer film obtainable by a process as defined in claim 13. | 1,700 |
345,533 | 16,643,449 | 1,729 | Disclosed is a refrigerator including: a second main body including a second camera configured to photograph a second storage chamber; and a first main body including a first display provided on at least one side of the first main body, a first camera configured to photograph a first storage chamber, and a first controller allowing an image captured by the first camera and an image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display. The refrigerator allows information about stored contents stored in a plurality of main bodies to be displayed on a single display, and thus a user may easily manage the stored contents in the plurality of main bodies. | 1. A refrigerator comprising:
a second main body including a second camera configured to photograph a second storage chamber; and a first main body including a first display provided on at least one side of the first main body, a first camera configured to photograph a first storage chamber, and a first controller allowing an image captured by the first camera and an image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display. 2. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first controller allows the image captured by the first camera and the image captured by the second camera to be sequentially or simultaneously displayed. 3. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first controller allows the image captured by the first camera and the image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display in different sizes according to a predetermined reference. 4. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first controller allows the image captured by the first camera and the image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display in a predetermined order. 5. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first main body further includes a first input configured to receive information about a stored content stored in the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber. 6. The refrigerator of claim 5, wherein the information about the storage content includes at least one of a type of the stored content, a name of the stored content, a purchase date of the stored content, a stored location of the stored content, and a shelf lifetime of the stored content. 7. The refrigerator of claim 5, wherein the first controller allows a list of the stored contents to be generated on the basis of the information about the stored contents, and the generated list to be displayed on the first display. 8. The refrigerator of claim 7, wherein the first controller allows the image captured by the first camera, the image captured by the second camera, and the generated list to be sequentially or simultaneously displayed on the first display. 9. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first controller allows the stored contents stored in the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber to be classified according to a reference received from a user, and the stored contents as classified to be displayed on the first display. 10. The refrigerator of claim 9, wherein the first controller displays the classified stored contents on the first display so as to be distinguished from other stored contents not classified. 11. The refrigerator of claim 9, wherein the reference includes at least one of a type of the stored content, a name of the stored content, and a shelf lifetime of the stored content. 12. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the second main body further includes a second communicator configured to transmit the image captured by the second camera to the first main body or an external server, and
the first main body further includes a first communicator configured to receive the image captured by the second camera from the second communicator or the external server. 13. The refrigerator of claim 12, wherein the first communicator transmits the image captured by the first camera and the image captured by the second camera to a mobile terminal of a user. 14. The refrigerator of claim 12, wherein the first communicator receives an image of a stored content stored in a storage chamber of at least one other main body from the external server. 15. The refrigerator of claim 14, wherein the first controller allows the image of the stored content stored in the storage chamber of the other main body, the image captured by the first camera, and the image captured by the second camera to be sequentially or simultaneously displayed on the first display. | Disclosed is a refrigerator including: a second main body including a second camera configured to photograph a second storage chamber; and a first main body including a first display provided on at least one side of the first main body, a first camera configured to photograph a first storage chamber, and a first controller allowing an image captured by the first camera and an image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display. The refrigerator allows information about stored contents stored in a plurality of main bodies to be displayed on a single display, and thus a user may easily manage the stored contents in the plurality of main bodies.1. A refrigerator comprising:
a second main body including a second camera configured to photograph a second storage chamber; and a first main body including a first display provided on at least one side of the first main body, a first camera configured to photograph a first storage chamber, and a first controller allowing an image captured by the first camera and an image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display. 2. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first controller allows the image captured by the first camera and the image captured by the second camera to be sequentially or simultaneously displayed. 3. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first controller allows the image captured by the first camera and the image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display in different sizes according to a predetermined reference. 4. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first controller allows the image captured by the first camera and the image captured by the second camera to be displayed on the first display in a predetermined order. 5. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first main body further includes a first input configured to receive information about a stored content stored in the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber. 6. The refrigerator of claim 5, wherein the information about the storage content includes at least one of a type of the stored content, a name of the stored content, a purchase date of the stored content, a stored location of the stored content, and a shelf lifetime of the stored content. 7. The refrigerator of claim 5, wherein the first controller allows a list of the stored contents to be generated on the basis of the information about the stored contents, and the generated list to be displayed on the first display. 8. The refrigerator of claim 7, wherein the first controller allows the image captured by the first camera, the image captured by the second camera, and the generated list to be sequentially or simultaneously displayed on the first display. 9. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the first controller allows the stored contents stored in the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber to be classified according to a reference received from a user, and the stored contents as classified to be displayed on the first display. 10. The refrigerator of claim 9, wherein the first controller displays the classified stored contents on the first display so as to be distinguished from other stored contents not classified. 11. The refrigerator of claim 9, wherein the reference includes at least one of a type of the stored content, a name of the stored content, and a shelf lifetime of the stored content. 12. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the second main body further includes a second communicator configured to transmit the image captured by the second camera to the first main body or an external server, and
the first main body further includes a first communicator configured to receive the image captured by the second camera from the second communicator or the external server. 13. The refrigerator of claim 12, wherein the first communicator transmits the image captured by the first camera and the image captured by the second camera to a mobile terminal of a user. 14. The refrigerator of claim 12, wherein the first communicator receives an image of a stored content stored in a storage chamber of at least one other main body from the external server. 15. The refrigerator of claim 14, wherein the first controller allows the image of the stored content stored in the storage chamber of the other main body, the image captured by the first camera, and the image captured by the second camera to be sequentially or simultaneously displayed on the first display. | 1,700 |
345,534 | 16,643,458 | 1,729 | There is provided a boat maneuvering support device for a boat including an outboard motor, a power device which outputs a thrust force in a port-starboard direction, and a steering mechanism which changes a steering angle. The device includes a rotational speed detection unit which detects a rotational speed of a propeller of the outboard motor, and a control unit which controls a magnitude of the thrust force output by the power device. The control unit controls the magnitude of the thrust force output by the power device so as to change a balance between a magnitude of a first turning force which makes the boat turn by a thrust force of the outboard motor and a magnitude of a second turning force which makes the boat turn by the thrust force of the power device. | 1. A boat maneuvering support device for a boat including an outboard motor which is mounted on a stern of the boat and whose steering angle is variable, a power device which is configured to output a thrust force in a port-starboard direction of the boat, and a steering mechanism which is configured to change the steering angle, the boat maneuvering support device comprising:
a rotational speed detection unit which is configured to detect a rotational speed of a propeller of the outboard motor; and a control unit which is configured to control a magnitude of the thrust force output by the power device according to at least one of the rotational speed of the propeller and the steering angle corresponding to the operation of the steering mechanism, wherein the control unit is configured to control the magnitude of the thrust force output by the power device so as to change a balance between a magnitude of a first turning force which makes the boat turn by a thrust force of the outboard motor and a magnitude of a second turning force which makes the boat turn by the thrust force of the power device. 2. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 1,
wherein a sum of the first turning force and the second turning force is equal to a turning force required for realizing a predetermined turning performance of the boat. 3. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit is configured to increase a rate of the second turning force as the rotational speed of the propeller or the steering angle decreases. 4. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 1,
wherein when the steering mechanism is operated in a state where the outboard motor is in a neutral state, the control unit is configured to control the power device to generate the second turning force. 5. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 4, wherein when the steering mechanism is operated at an angular velocity equal to or higher than a threshold in a state where the rotational speed of the propeller is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the control unit is configured to limit the steering angle to an upper limit value and control the power device to output the thrust force in a direction opposite to a turning direction. 6. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 5,
wherein an angle of an output direction of the thrust force of the power device with respect to the port-starboard direction is changeable on a horizontal plane, and wherein in a case of controlling the power device to generate the second turning force, the control unit is configured to:
if the rotational speed of the propeller is 0, set the output direction of the thrust force to the port-starboard direction, and
if the rotational speed of the propeller is not 0, set the output direction of the thrust force to a direction in which the second turning force acts most effectively according to the rotational speed of the propeller and the steering angle. | There is provided a boat maneuvering support device for a boat including an outboard motor, a power device which outputs a thrust force in a port-starboard direction, and a steering mechanism which changes a steering angle. The device includes a rotational speed detection unit which detects a rotational speed of a propeller of the outboard motor, and a control unit which controls a magnitude of the thrust force output by the power device. The control unit controls the magnitude of the thrust force output by the power device so as to change a balance between a magnitude of a first turning force which makes the boat turn by a thrust force of the outboard motor and a magnitude of a second turning force which makes the boat turn by the thrust force of the power device.1. A boat maneuvering support device for a boat including an outboard motor which is mounted on a stern of the boat and whose steering angle is variable, a power device which is configured to output a thrust force in a port-starboard direction of the boat, and a steering mechanism which is configured to change the steering angle, the boat maneuvering support device comprising:
a rotational speed detection unit which is configured to detect a rotational speed of a propeller of the outboard motor; and a control unit which is configured to control a magnitude of the thrust force output by the power device according to at least one of the rotational speed of the propeller and the steering angle corresponding to the operation of the steering mechanism, wherein the control unit is configured to control the magnitude of the thrust force output by the power device so as to change a balance between a magnitude of a first turning force which makes the boat turn by a thrust force of the outboard motor and a magnitude of a second turning force which makes the boat turn by the thrust force of the power device. 2. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 1,
wherein a sum of the first turning force and the second turning force is equal to a turning force required for realizing a predetermined turning performance of the boat. 3. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit is configured to increase a rate of the second turning force as the rotational speed of the propeller or the steering angle decreases. 4. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 1,
wherein when the steering mechanism is operated in a state where the outboard motor is in a neutral state, the control unit is configured to control the power device to generate the second turning force. 5. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 4, wherein when the steering mechanism is operated at an angular velocity equal to or higher than a threshold in a state where the rotational speed of the propeller is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the control unit is configured to limit the steering angle to an upper limit value and control the power device to output the thrust force in a direction opposite to a turning direction. 6. The boat maneuvering support device according to claim 5,
wherein an angle of an output direction of the thrust force of the power device with respect to the port-starboard direction is changeable on a horizontal plane, and wherein in a case of controlling the power device to generate the second turning force, the control unit is configured to:
if the rotational speed of the propeller is 0, set the output direction of the thrust force to the port-starboard direction, and
if the rotational speed of the propeller is not 0, set the output direction of the thrust force to a direction in which the second turning force acts most effectively according to the rotational speed of the propeller and the steering angle. | 1,700 |
345,535 | 16,643,462 | 1,729 | The present invention relates to the field of technologies for powering portable electronic parts, electrical tools, hybrid and electric vehicles and storage systems for renewable energy sources. Specifically, the invention relates to lithium ion batteries, more specifically to an active compound useful for manufacturing the cathodes in said lithium ion batteries. Even more specifically, the present invention relates to a manganese spinel doped with magnesium, a cathodic material comprising the same, the method for preparing thereof and lithium ion batteries comprising such spinel. | 1. Manganese spinel preparation method doped with magnesium formula LiMg0.05Mn1.95O4 comprising:
synthesize pure spinel by means of the sol-gel method assisted by ultrasound, using lithium and manganese raw materials: Li2CO3, Mn(CH3COO)2 and Mg(OH)2, following the following steps:
a) prepare a first solution corresponding to the dissolution in stoichiometric quantities of the metal ion precursors, Li2CO3, Mn(CH3COO)2 and Mg(OH)2, in distilled water at room temperature;
b) preparing a second solution corresponds to the dissolution of the organic precursors ethylene glycol and citric acid in distilled water;
c) mixing the solutions obtained in steps a) and b) under continuous stirring;
d) adjusting the pH of the solution resulting from step c) between a range of 7 to 7.5;
e) subjecting the sol obtained in step d) to sonication and then heating to evaporate the water and obtain a gel, and subsequently, dry the same;
f) grinding and calcining the synthesis precursor obtained in step e) and thus obtaining the spinel doped with magnesium, (LiMgxMn2−xO4). 2. The method of claim 1, comprising Li2CO3 with battery grade >99.5% as one of the raw materials. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step d), the pH is adjusted by adding ammonium hydroxide. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step e), the sonication is carried out using an ultrasonic bath. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step e) it is heated up to 80° C. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step e) the drying is performed at 175° C. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcination of step f) is carried out in an air atmosphere at 500° C. for 4 h and at 750° C. for 12 h. 8. Method of preparing cathodic coating of cells for lithium ion battery using a manganese spinel doped with magnesium of formula LiMgxMn2−xO4, comprising:
a) preparing a suspension consisting of a mixture of 90% by weight of the Mg-doped spinel prepared according to claim 1, 5% by weight of carbon black as a conductive additive and 5% by weight of PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) as a binder in NMP solution (n-methyl pyrrolidone); b) mixing the suspension prepared in step a) minimizing agglomeration and ensuring homogeneity by adding the different constituents of the electrode, LiMg0.05Mn1.95O4 cathodic active material one by one conductive additive and binder; c) depositing the suspension obtained in b) on Al paper and dry to fix it and obtain cathodic coating; d) optionally calendering the cathodic coating is performed to improve the adhesion of the cathodic suspension on the Al paper and to establish the porosity of the coating; e) vacuum dry to remove all water content. 9. Manganese spinel doped with magnesium formula LiMg0.05Mn1.95O4 comprising a diffractogram with eight characteristic peaks at angles 2Θ of 18.45, 35.66, 37.28, 43.33, 47.42, 57.27, 62.92, 66.19 for CuKa radiation, corresponding to the crystal planes (1 1 1), (3 1 1), (2 2 2), (4 0 0), (3 3 1), (5 1 1), (4 4 0) and (5 3 1), respectively. 10. The spinel of claim 9, wherein the active powders of said spinel have a morphology of the spherical type and an average particle size of 125 nm. 11. The spinel of claim 9 wherein the oxidation state of manganese is 3.6+. 12. The spinel of claim 9, wherein it has a cubic cell Fd3m with a cell parameter of a=8.355 Á. 13. The spinel of claim 9, wherein it has a particle size of approx. 125 nm. 14. The spinel of claim 9 wherein that it has a density of 4.2 gcm−1. 15. Use of the magnesium doped spinel of claim 9 to manufacture a lithium ion battery. 16. Lithium-ion battery comprising the magnesium doped spinel of claim 9. 17. The battery of claim 16 wherein it is composed of unit cells type pouch (prismatic cell of malleable shell of polymer/aluminum) of 4 Ah capacity and 12 mm thick. 18. The battery of claim 16 wherein it is composed of a positive (positive) electrode of manganese oxide lithium doped with magnesium (LiMg0.05Mn1.95O4) with spinel structure and by a negative electrode (anode) of graphite, (G), with layered structure. 19. The battery of claim 17 wherein said lithium ion pouch cell of 4 Ah capacity comprises 23 double coating electrodes, including 12 positive electrodes and 11 negative electrodes; and also 2 negative single coating electrodes, where the electrodes are arranged alternately, starting and ending with a negative electrode of simple coating. | The present invention relates to the field of technologies for powering portable electronic parts, electrical tools, hybrid and electric vehicles and storage systems for renewable energy sources. Specifically, the invention relates to lithium ion batteries, more specifically to an active compound useful for manufacturing the cathodes in said lithium ion batteries. Even more specifically, the present invention relates to a manganese spinel doped with magnesium, a cathodic material comprising the same, the method for preparing thereof and lithium ion batteries comprising such spinel.1. Manganese spinel preparation method doped with magnesium formula LiMg0.05Mn1.95O4 comprising:
synthesize pure spinel by means of the sol-gel method assisted by ultrasound, using lithium and manganese raw materials: Li2CO3, Mn(CH3COO)2 and Mg(OH)2, following the following steps:
a) prepare a first solution corresponding to the dissolution in stoichiometric quantities of the metal ion precursors, Li2CO3, Mn(CH3COO)2 and Mg(OH)2, in distilled water at room temperature;
b) preparing a second solution corresponds to the dissolution of the organic precursors ethylene glycol and citric acid in distilled water;
c) mixing the solutions obtained in steps a) and b) under continuous stirring;
d) adjusting the pH of the solution resulting from step c) between a range of 7 to 7.5;
e) subjecting the sol obtained in step d) to sonication and then heating to evaporate the water and obtain a gel, and subsequently, dry the same;
f) grinding and calcining the synthesis precursor obtained in step e) and thus obtaining the spinel doped with magnesium, (LiMgxMn2−xO4). 2. The method of claim 1, comprising Li2CO3 with battery grade >99.5% as one of the raw materials. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step d), the pH is adjusted by adding ammonium hydroxide. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step e), the sonication is carried out using an ultrasonic bath. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step e) it is heated up to 80° C. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step e) the drying is performed at 175° C. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcination of step f) is carried out in an air atmosphere at 500° C. for 4 h and at 750° C. for 12 h. 8. Method of preparing cathodic coating of cells for lithium ion battery using a manganese spinel doped with magnesium of formula LiMgxMn2−xO4, comprising:
a) preparing a suspension consisting of a mixture of 90% by weight of the Mg-doped spinel prepared according to claim 1, 5% by weight of carbon black as a conductive additive and 5% by weight of PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) as a binder in NMP solution (n-methyl pyrrolidone); b) mixing the suspension prepared in step a) minimizing agglomeration and ensuring homogeneity by adding the different constituents of the electrode, LiMg0.05Mn1.95O4 cathodic active material one by one conductive additive and binder; c) depositing the suspension obtained in b) on Al paper and dry to fix it and obtain cathodic coating; d) optionally calendering the cathodic coating is performed to improve the adhesion of the cathodic suspension on the Al paper and to establish the porosity of the coating; e) vacuum dry to remove all water content. 9. Manganese spinel doped with magnesium formula LiMg0.05Mn1.95O4 comprising a diffractogram with eight characteristic peaks at angles 2Θ of 18.45, 35.66, 37.28, 43.33, 47.42, 57.27, 62.92, 66.19 for CuKa radiation, corresponding to the crystal planes (1 1 1), (3 1 1), (2 2 2), (4 0 0), (3 3 1), (5 1 1), (4 4 0) and (5 3 1), respectively. 10. The spinel of claim 9, wherein the active powders of said spinel have a morphology of the spherical type and an average particle size of 125 nm. 11. The spinel of claim 9 wherein the oxidation state of manganese is 3.6+. 12. The spinel of claim 9, wherein it has a cubic cell Fd3m with a cell parameter of a=8.355 Á. 13. The spinel of claim 9, wherein it has a particle size of approx. 125 nm. 14. The spinel of claim 9 wherein that it has a density of 4.2 gcm−1. 15. Use of the magnesium doped spinel of claim 9 to manufacture a lithium ion battery. 16. Lithium-ion battery comprising the magnesium doped spinel of claim 9. 17. The battery of claim 16 wherein it is composed of unit cells type pouch (prismatic cell of malleable shell of polymer/aluminum) of 4 Ah capacity and 12 mm thick. 18. The battery of claim 16 wherein it is composed of a positive (positive) electrode of manganese oxide lithium doped with magnesium (LiMg0.05Mn1.95O4) with spinel structure and by a negative electrode (anode) of graphite, (G), with layered structure. 19. The battery of claim 17 wherein said lithium ion pouch cell of 4 Ah capacity comprises 23 double coating electrodes, including 12 positive electrodes and 11 negative electrodes; and also 2 negative single coating electrodes, where the electrodes are arranged alternately, starting and ending with a negative electrode of simple coating. | 1,700 |
345,536 | 16,643,439 | 1,729 | A control method for an internal combustion engine including a variable compression ratio mechanism which includes: implementing a compression ratio fixing control in which a mechanical compression ratio is fixed to a predetermined low compression ratio, and controlling combustion form in a cylinder to stratified combustion, under engine idling during catalyst warming-up; controlling the combustion form in the cylinder to homogeneous combustion, under an operation state other than the engine idling during the catalyst warming-up; and implementing the compression ratio fixing control and controlling the combustion form in the cylinder to the homogeneous combustion, in response to pressing-down of an accelerator under the engine idling during the catalyst warming-up, and as long as the engine idling during the catalyst warming-up has a possibility to resume in response to release of the accelerator after the pressing-down. | 1. A control method for an internal combustion engine including a variable compression ratio mechanism structured to vary a mechanical compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, the control method comprising:
determining whether warming-up of a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine is completed; implementing a compression ratio fixing control in which the mechanical compression ratio is fixed to a predetermined low compression ratio, and controlling combustion form in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine to stratified combustion, under engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst; controlling the combustion form in the cylinder to homogeneous combustion, under an operation state other than the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst; and implementing the compression ratio fixing control and controlling the combustion form in the cylinder to the homogeneous combustion, in response to pressing-down of an accelerator of the internal combustion engine under the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst, and as long as the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst has a possibility to resume in response to release of the accelerator after the pressing-down. 2. The control method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
finishing the compression ratio fixing control and starting a compression ratio normal control in which the mechanical compression ratio is varied depending on engine operation conditions, in response to satisfaction of a condition that the accelerator is pressed down under the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst and thereafter the warming-up of the catalyst is completed with the accelerator pressed down. 3. The control method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the compression ratio normal control is configured to control the mechanical compression ratio to a value optimum in view of fuel efficiency. 4. The control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the warming-up of the catalyst is determined to be completed, in response to satisfaction of a condition that cooling-water of the internal combustion engine has a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined value. 5. A control system for an internal combustion engine, the control system comprising:
a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine; a determiner structured to determine whether warming-up of the catalyst is completed; a variable compression ratio mechanism structured to vary a mechanical compression ratio of the internal combustion engine; and a controller configured to:
implement a compression ratio fixing control in which the mechanical compression ratio is fixed to a predetermined low compression ratio, and control combustion form in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine to stratified combustion, under engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst;
control the combustion form in the cylinder to homogeneous combustion, under an operation state other than the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst; and
implement the compression ratio fixing control and control the combustion form in the cylinder to the homogeneous combustion, in response to pressing-down of an accelerator of the internal combustion engine under the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst, and as long as the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst has a possibility to resume in response to release of the accelerator after the pressing-down. | A control method for an internal combustion engine including a variable compression ratio mechanism which includes: implementing a compression ratio fixing control in which a mechanical compression ratio is fixed to a predetermined low compression ratio, and controlling combustion form in a cylinder to stratified combustion, under engine idling during catalyst warming-up; controlling the combustion form in the cylinder to homogeneous combustion, under an operation state other than the engine idling during the catalyst warming-up; and implementing the compression ratio fixing control and controlling the combustion form in the cylinder to the homogeneous combustion, in response to pressing-down of an accelerator under the engine idling during the catalyst warming-up, and as long as the engine idling during the catalyst warming-up has a possibility to resume in response to release of the accelerator after the pressing-down.1. A control method for an internal combustion engine including a variable compression ratio mechanism structured to vary a mechanical compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, the control method comprising:
determining whether warming-up of a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine is completed; implementing a compression ratio fixing control in which the mechanical compression ratio is fixed to a predetermined low compression ratio, and controlling combustion form in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine to stratified combustion, under engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst; controlling the combustion form in the cylinder to homogeneous combustion, under an operation state other than the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst; and implementing the compression ratio fixing control and controlling the combustion form in the cylinder to the homogeneous combustion, in response to pressing-down of an accelerator of the internal combustion engine under the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst, and as long as the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst has a possibility to resume in response to release of the accelerator after the pressing-down. 2. The control method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
finishing the compression ratio fixing control and starting a compression ratio normal control in which the mechanical compression ratio is varied depending on engine operation conditions, in response to satisfaction of a condition that the accelerator is pressed down under the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst and thereafter the warming-up of the catalyst is completed with the accelerator pressed down. 3. The control method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the compression ratio normal control is configured to control the mechanical compression ratio to a value optimum in view of fuel efficiency. 4. The control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the warming-up of the catalyst is determined to be completed, in response to satisfaction of a condition that cooling-water of the internal combustion engine has a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined value. 5. A control system for an internal combustion engine, the control system comprising:
a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine; a determiner structured to determine whether warming-up of the catalyst is completed; a variable compression ratio mechanism structured to vary a mechanical compression ratio of the internal combustion engine; and a controller configured to:
implement a compression ratio fixing control in which the mechanical compression ratio is fixed to a predetermined low compression ratio, and control combustion form in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine to stratified combustion, under engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst;
control the combustion form in the cylinder to homogeneous combustion, under an operation state other than the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst; and
implement the compression ratio fixing control and control the combustion form in the cylinder to the homogeneous combustion, in response to pressing-down of an accelerator of the internal combustion engine under the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst, and as long as the engine idling during the warming-up of the catalyst has a possibility to resume in response to release of the accelerator after the pressing-down. | 1,700 |
345,537 | 16,643,479 | 1,729 | A network segment route and a host route are advertised to a Spine node; the network segment route advertised by the Spine node is learned; when a first packet hits the network segment route, the first packet is sent to a Spine node corresponding to a next hop of the hit network segment routes so that the Spine node sends the first packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of a host route hit by the first packet. | 1. A method of forwarding a packet, wherein, the method is applied to any Leaf node in a data center comprising Spine nodes and Leaf nodes, the any Leaf node establishing a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) neighborhood with each of the Spine nodes, and the method comprises:
advertising a network segment route and a host route to the Spine node; learning a network segment route advertised by the Spine node; and when a first packet hits a network segment route, sending the first packet to a Spine node corresponding to a next hop of a hit network segment route, so that the Spine node sends the first packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of a host route hit by the first packet. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein sending the first packet to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route comprises:
when the next hop of the hit network segment route corresponds to a plurality of Spine nodes, sending the first packet to a Spine node satisfying a preset load sharing strategy. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when sending the first packet to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route, the method also comprises:
requesting the Spine node for a host route matching the first packet; learning the host route matching the first packet which is advertised by the Spine node; and when a second packet hits the host route matching the first packet, sending the second packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of the host route. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet comprises:
when the first packet is sent to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route, requesting the Spine node for a host route matching the first packet based on an action attribute contained in the hit network segment route. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein
when no packet hits the host route matching the first packet within a preset time length, the host route is aged. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein after requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet, the method also comprises:
receiving a route request prohibition instruction from the Spine node, wherein the route request prohibition instruction indicates that no host route matching the first packet exists; and prohibiting requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet within a preset time length. 7. A Leaf node device, comprising: a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and a hardware chip, wherein,
the processor is configured to: advertise a network segment route and a host route to a Spine node; learn a network segment route advertised by the Spine node; and distribute the learned network segment route to the hardware chip; wherein the hardware chip is configured to send a first packet to a Spine node corresponding to a next hop of a network segment route hit by the first packet, so that the Spine node sends the first packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of a host route hit by the first packet. 8. The Leaf node device according to claim 7, wherein
the hardware chip is configured to send the first packet to a Spine node satisfying a preset load sharing strategy when the next hop of a hit network segment route corresponds to a plurality of Spine nodes. 9. The Leaf node device according to claim 7, wherein
the hardware chip is also configured to, when sending the first packet to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route, notify the processor to request the Spine node for a host route matching the first packet; the processor is also configured to request the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet and learn the host route matching the first packet which is advertised by the Spine node after receiving the notification from the hardware chip; and the processor is also configured to distribute the learned host route matching the first packet to the hardware chip; wherein the hardware chip is also configured to send a second packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of the host route matching the first packet when the second packet hits the host route. 10. The Leaf node device according to claim 9, wherein
the processor is configured to: when the learned network segment route is distributed to the hardware chip, add an action attribute to the learned network segment route and distribute the learned network segment route with the action attribute to the hardware chip; wherein the hardware chip is also configured to, when the first packet is sent to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route, notify the processor to request the Spine node for a host route matching the first packet based on the action attribute contained in the hit network segment route. 11. The Leaf node device according to claim 9, wherein
the processor is also configured to age the host route matching the first packet and notify the hardware chip of the aging of the host route when no packet hits the host route within a preset time length; wherein the hardware chip is also configured to age the host route after receiving the notification from the processor. 12. The Leaf node device according to claim 9, wherein,
the processor is also configured to, after requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet, receive a route request prohibition instruction from the Spine node, wherein the route request prohibition instruction indicates no host route matching the first packet exists; the processor is also configured to prohibit requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet within a preset time length. | A network segment route and a host route are advertised to a Spine node; the network segment route advertised by the Spine node is learned; when a first packet hits the network segment route, the first packet is sent to a Spine node corresponding to a next hop of the hit network segment routes so that the Spine node sends the first packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of a host route hit by the first packet.1. A method of forwarding a packet, wherein, the method is applied to any Leaf node in a data center comprising Spine nodes and Leaf nodes, the any Leaf node establishing a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) neighborhood with each of the Spine nodes, and the method comprises:
advertising a network segment route and a host route to the Spine node; learning a network segment route advertised by the Spine node; and when a first packet hits a network segment route, sending the first packet to a Spine node corresponding to a next hop of a hit network segment route, so that the Spine node sends the first packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of a host route hit by the first packet. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein sending the first packet to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route comprises:
when the next hop of the hit network segment route corresponds to a plurality of Spine nodes, sending the first packet to a Spine node satisfying a preset load sharing strategy. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when sending the first packet to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route, the method also comprises:
requesting the Spine node for a host route matching the first packet; learning the host route matching the first packet which is advertised by the Spine node; and when a second packet hits the host route matching the first packet, sending the second packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of the host route. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet comprises:
when the first packet is sent to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route, requesting the Spine node for a host route matching the first packet based on an action attribute contained in the hit network segment route. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein
when no packet hits the host route matching the first packet within a preset time length, the host route is aged. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein after requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet, the method also comprises:
receiving a route request prohibition instruction from the Spine node, wherein the route request prohibition instruction indicates that no host route matching the first packet exists; and prohibiting requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet within a preset time length. 7. A Leaf node device, comprising: a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and a hardware chip, wherein,
the processor is configured to: advertise a network segment route and a host route to a Spine node; learn a network segment route advertised by the Spine node; and distribute the learned network segment route to the hardware chip; wherein the hardware chip is configured to send a first packet to a Spine node corresponding to a next hop of a network segment route hit by the first packet, so that the Spine node sends the first packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of a host route hit by the first packet. 8. The Leaf node device according to claim 7, wherein
the hardware chip is configured to send the first packet to a Spine node satisfying a preset load sharing strategy when the next hop of a hit network segment route corresponds to a plurality of Spine nodes. 9. The Leaf node device according to claim 7, wherein
the hardware chip is also configured to, when sending the first packet to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route, notify the processor to request the Spine node for a host route matching the first packet; the processor is also configured to request the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet and learn the host route matching the first packet which is advertised by the Spine node after receiving the notification from the hardware chip; and the processor is also configured to distribute the learned host route matching the first packet to the hardware chip; wherein the hardware chip is also configured to send a second packet to a Leaf node corresponding to a next hop of the host route matching the first packet when the second packet hits the host route. 10. The Leaf node device according to claim 9, wherein
the processor is configured to: when the learned network segment route is distributed to the hardware chip, add an action attribute to the learned network segment route and distribute the learned network segment route with the action attribute to the hardware chip; wherein the hardware chip is also configured to, when the first packet is sent to the Spine node corresponding to the next hop of the hit network segment route, notify the processor to request the Spine node for a host route matching the first packet based on the action attribute contained in the hit network segment route. 11. The Leaf node device according to claim 9, wherein
the processor is also configured to age the host route matching the first packet and notify the hardware chip of the aging of the host route when no packet hits the host route within a preset time length; wherein the hardware chip is also configured to age the host route after receiving the notification from the processor. 12. The Leaf node device according to claim 9, wherein,
the processor is also configured to, after requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet, receive a route request prohibition instruction from the Spine node, wherein the route request prohibition instruction indicates no host route matching the first packet exists; the processor is also configured to prohibit requesting the Spine node for the host route matching the first packet within a preset time length. | 1,700 |
345,538 | 16,643,451 | 1,729 | The present disclosure discloses a fingerprint identification component, a fingerprint identification method and a fingerprint identification device. the fingerprint identification component includes an ultrasonic wave transmission circuit and an ultrasonic wave reception circuit, the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit is configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave in a direction towards a fingerprint at an interval of a first time period in a detection phase; the ultrasonic wave reception circuit is configured to, in the detection phase, receive an ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint, convert the ultrasonic wave into an electric signal, and output the electric signal to a signal reading line, in order for an external detection component to determine texture information of the fingerprint according to the electric signal in the signal reading line. | 1. A fingerprint identification component, comprising:
an ultrasonic wave transmission circuit configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave in a direction towards a fingerprint at an interval of a first time period in a detection phase; and an ultrasonic wave reception circuit configured to, in the detection phase, receive an ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint, convert the ultrasonic wave into an electric signal, and output the electric signal to a signal reading line, in order for an external detection component to determine texture information of the fingerprint according to the electric signal in the signal reading line, wherein the electrical signal has a frequency f satisfying 2. The fingerprint identification component of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit comprises: a first transistor, a second transistor, and an ultrasonic wave generation structure;
the ultrasonic wave generation structure has a first input terminal and a second input terminal, the first input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure being coupled to a first power supply terminal; a control electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a first control signal line, a first electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a second power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the second input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure; a control electrode of the second transistor is coupled to a second control signal line, a first electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the first power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the second input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure; and a voltage provided by the first power supply terminal is not equal to a voltage provided by the second power supply terminal. 3. The fingerprint identification component of claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic wave generation structure comprises: a first electrode, a second electrode and a first piezoelectric material layer, the first electrode is opposite to the second electrode, and the first piezoelectric material layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
the first electrode is coupled to the first input terminal, and the second electrode is coupled to the second input terminal. 4. The fingerprint identification component of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic wave reception circuit comprises: an ultrasonic wave conversion structure, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a capacitor and a rectifier diode;
the ultrasonic wave conversion structure has a third input terminal and a first output terminal, the third input terminal of the ultrasonic wave conversion structure is coupled to a third power supply terminal or is grounded, and the first output terminal of the ultrasonic wave conversion structure is coupled to a first electrode of the rectifier diode; a control electrode of the third transistor is coupled to a third control signal line, a first electrode of the third transistor is coupled to a fourth power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the third transistor, a second electrode of the rectifier diode, a first terminal of the capacitor and a control electrode of the fourth transistor are coupled to a first node; a first electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to a fifth power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to a first electrode of the fifth transistor; a control electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to a read control signal line, and a second electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to the signal reading line; and a second terminal of the capacitor is grounded. 5. The fingerprint identification component of claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic wave reception circuit further comprises: a sixth transistor; and
a control electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to a fourth control signal line, a first electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to a sixth power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to the first electrode of the rectifier diode. 6. The fingerprint identification component of claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic wave conversion structure comprises: a third electrode, a fourth electrode and a second piezoelectric material layer, the third electrode is opposite to the fourth electrode, and the second piezoelectric material layer is between the third electrode and the fourth electrode; and
the third electrode is coupled to the third input terminal, and the fourth electrode is coupled to the first output terminal. 7. A fingerprint identification device, comprising the fingerprint identification component of claim 1 and a detection component. 8. The fingerprint identification device of claim 7, wherein the detection component is coupled to the ultrasonic wave reception circuit through the signal reading line; and
the detection component is configured to extract, from a signal transmitted by the signal reading line, the electric signal having the frequency f satisfying 9. A fingerprint identification method, the method being performed by operating the fingerprint identification component of claim 1, and the fingerprint identification method comprising:
in the detection phase, transmitting, by the ultrasonic transmission circuit, the ultrasonic wave in a direction towards a fingerprint at the interval of the first time period, and receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint, converting the ultrasonic wave into the electric signal and outputting the electric signal to the signal reading line by the ultrasonic wave reception circuit; and extracting the electric signal from a signal transmitted by the signal reading line and determining texture information of the fingerprint according to the extracted electric signal by the external detection component. 10. The fingerprint identification method of claim 9, wherein the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit of the fingerprint identification component comprises: a first transistor, a second transistor, and an ultrasonic wave generation structure;
the ultrasonic wave generation structure has a first input terminal and a second input terminal, the first input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure being coupled to a first power supply terminal; a control electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a first control signal line, a first electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a second power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the second input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure; a control electrode of the second transistor is coupled to a second control signal line, a first electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the first power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the second input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure; a voltage provided by the first power supply terminal is not equal to a voltage provided by the second power supply terminal, the detection phase comprises output sub-phases and non-output sub-phases that alternate, a time duration of each output sub-phase is t1, and a time duration of each non-output sub-phase is t2; the step of transmitting, by the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit, an ultrasonic wave in a direction towards a fingerprint at an interval of a first time period comprises: in the output sub-phase, turning on the first transistor under control of a first control signal provided by the first control signal line, and turning off the second transistor under control a second control signal provided by the second control signal line; and in the non-output sub-phase, turning off the first transistor under control of a first control signal provided by the first control signal line, and turning on the second transistor under control of a second control signal provided by the second control signal line. 11. The fingerprint identification method of claim 9, further comprising, before the detection phase, a step of: resetting, by the ultrasonic wave reception circuit, the electric signal received by the signal reading line. | The present disclosure discloses a fingerprint identification component, a fingerprint identification method and a fingerprint identification device. the fingerprint identification component includes an ultrasonic wave transmission circuit and an ultrasonic wave reception circuit, the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit is configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave in a direction towards a fingerprint at an interval of a first time period in a detection phase; the ultrasonic wave reception circuit is configured to, in the detection phase, receive an ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint, convert the ultrasonic wave into an electric signal, and output the electric signal to a signal reading line, in order for an external detection component to determine texture information of the fingerprint according to the electric signal in the signal reading line.1. A fingerprint identification component, comprising:
an ultrasonic wave transmission circuit configured to transmit an ultrasonic wave in a direction towards a fingerprint at an interval of a first time period in a detection phase; and an ultrasonic wave reception circuit configured to, in the detection phase, receive an ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint, convert the ultrasonic wave into an electric signal, and output the electric signal to a signal reading line, in order for an external detection component to determine texture information of the fingerprint according to the electric signal in the signal reading line, wherein the electrical signal has a frequency f satisfying 2. The fingerprint identification component of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit comprises: a first transistor, a second transistor, and an ultrasonic wave generation structure;
the ultrasonic wave generation structure has a first input terminal and a second input terminal, the first input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure being coupled to a first power supply terminal; a control electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a first control signal line, a first electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a second power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the second input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure; a control electrode of the second transistor is coupled to a second control signal line, a first electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the first power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the second input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure; and a voltage provided by the first power supply terminal is not equal to a voltage provided by the second power supply terminal. 3. The fingerprint identification component of claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic wave generation structure comprises: a first electrode, a second electrode and a first piezoelectric material layer, the first electrode is opposite to the second electrode, and the first piezoelectric material layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
the first electrode is coupled to the first input terminal, and the second electrode is coupled to the second input terminal. 4. The fingerprint identification component of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic wave reception circuit comprises: an ultrasonic wave conversion structure, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a capacitor and a rectifier diode;
the ultrasonic wave conversion structure has a third input terminal and a first output terminal, the third input terminal of the ultrasonic wave conversion structure is coupled to a third power supply terminal or is grounded, and the first output terminal of the ultrasonic wave conversion structure is coupled to a first electrode of the rectifier diode; a control electrode of the third transistor is coupled to a third control signal line, a first electrode of the third transistor is coupled to a fourth power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the third transistor, a second electrode of the rectifier diode, a first terminal of the capacitor and a control electrode of the fourth transistor are coupled to a first node; a first electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to a fifth power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to a first electrode of the fifth transistor; a control electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to a read control signal line, and a second electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to the signal reading line; and a second terminal of the capacitor is grounded. 5. The fingerprint identification component of claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic wave reception circuit further comprises: a sixth transistor; and
a control electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to a fourth control signal line, a first electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to a sixth power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to the first electrode of the rectifier diode. 6. The fingerprint identification component of claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic wave conversion structure comprises: a third electrode, a fourth electrode and a second piezoelectric material layer, the third electrode is opposite to the fourth electrode, and the second piezoelectric material layer is between the third electrode and the fourth electrode; and
the third electrode is coupled to the third input terminal, and the fourth electrode is coupled to the first output terminal. 7. A fingerprint identification device, comprising the fingerprint identification component of claim 1 and a detection component. 8. The fingerprint identification device of claim 7, wherein the detection component is coupled to the ultrasonic wave reception circuit through the signal reading line; and
the detection component is configured to extract, from a signal transmitted by the signal reading line, the electric signal having the frequency f satisfying 9. A fingerprint identification method, the method being performed by operating the fingerprint identification component of claim 1, and the fingerprint identification method comprising:
in the detection phase, transmitting, by the ultrasonic transmission circuit, the ultrasonic wave in a direction towards a fingerprint at the interval of the first time period, and receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by the fingerprint, converting the ultrasonic wave into the electric signal and outputting the electric signal to the signal reading line by the ultrasonic wave reception circuit; and extracting the electric signal from a signal transmitted by the signal reading line and determining texture information of the fingerprint according to the extracted electric signal by the external detection component. 10. The fingerprint identification method of claim 9, wherein the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit of the fingerprint identification component comprises: a first transistor, a second transistor, and an ultrasonic wave generation structure;
the ultrasonic wave generation structure has a first input terminal and a second input terminal, the first input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure being coupled to a first power supply terminal; a control electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a first control signal line, a first electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a second power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the second input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure; a control electrode of the second transistor is coupled to a second control signal line, a first electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the first power supply terminal, and a second electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the second input terminal of the ultrasonic wave generation structure; a voltage provided by the first power supply terminal is not equal to a voltage provided by the second power supply terminal, the detection phase comprises output sub-phases and non-output sub-phases that alternate, a time duration of each output sub-phase is t1, and a time duration of each non-output sub-phase is t2; the step of transmitting, by the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit, an ultrasonic wave in a direction towards a fingerprint at an interval of a first time period comprises: in the output sub-phase, turning on the first transistor under control of a first control signal provided by the first control signal line, and turning off the second transistor under control a second control signal provided by the second control signal line; and in the non-output sub-phase, turning off the first transistor under control of a first control signal provided by the first control signal line, and turning on the second transistor under control of a second control signal provided by the second control signal line. 11. The fingerprint identification method of claim 9, further comprising, before the detection phase, a step of: resetting, by the ultrasonic wave reception circuit, the electric signal received by the signal reading line. | 1,700 |
345,539 | 16,643,443 | 1,729 | Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a coil, a coil, and an electronic device. The method includes: firstly forming a metal seed layer on a polymer protective layer; forming a mask on a surface of the metal seed layer; forming a coiled metal coating on the exposed metal seed layer; removing the mask and the metal seed layer in the coiled metal coating to obtain a metal coil; forming an encapsulation layer on the metal coil to encapsulate the metal coil; and attaching the encapsulation layer to an adhesive tape, and transmitting laser through a laser-transmitting substrate to act on the polymer protective layer, such that the laser-transmitting substrate is detached. | 1. A method for manufacturing a coil, comprising:
(a) forming a polymer protective layer on a laser-transmitting substrate and forming a metal seed layer on the polymer protective layer; (b) forming a mask on a surface of the metal seed layer, performing coil-like patterning on the mask, and exposing the metal seed layer under the pattern; (c) performing one or more of electroplating and chemical plating to form a coiled metal coating on the exposed metal seed layer; (d) removing the mask and the metal seed layer in the coiled metal coating to obtain a metal coil; (e) forming an encapsulation layer on the metal coil to encapsulate the metal coil; and (f) attaching the encapsulation layer to an adhesive tape, and transmitting a laser transmission through the laser-transmitting substrate to act on the polymer protective layer, such that the laser-transmitting substrate is detached. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer protective layer is formed on the laser-transmitting substrate by one or more of spin coating, spray coating and laminating, and the metal seed layer is formed on the polymer protective layer after the polymer protective layer is cured. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer protective layer is made from polyimide, benzocyclobutene, polybenzoxazole, epoxy resin, silica gel, parylene, polyamide or polyurethane. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming a metal seed layer on the polymer protective layer comprises using the metal seed layer physical vapor deposition (PVD). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal seed layer has a thickness of 0.05 μm to 5 μm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal coating has a thickness of 5 μm to 200 μm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mask is made from a photoresist. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the encapsulation layer is made from one or more of polyimide, benzocyclobutene, polybenzoxazole, epoxy resin, silica gel, parylene, polyamide and polyurethane, and is formed on the metal coil by one or more of spin coating, spray coating and laminating. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the top of the encapsulation layer is 1 μm to 25 μm higher than that of the metal coil. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein an external pad of the metal coil is formed on the polymer protective layer. 11. A coil manufactured by the method of claim 1. 12. An electronic device comprising the coil of claim 11. | Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a coil, a coil, and an electronic device. The method includes: firstly forming a metal seed layer on a polymer protective layer; forming a mask on a surface of the metal seed layer; forming a coiled metal coating on the exposed metal seed layer; removing the mask and the metal seed layer in the coiled metal coating to obtain a metal coil; forming an encapsulation layer on the metal coil to encapsulate the metal coil; and attaching the encapsulation layer to an adhesive tape, and transmitting laser through a laser-transmitting substrate to act on the polymer protective layer, such that the laser-transmitting substrate is detached.1. A method for manufacturing a coil, comprising:
(a) forming a polymer protective layer on a laser-transmitting substrate and forming a metal seed layer on the polymer protective layer; (b) forming a mask on a surface of the metal seed layer, performing coil-like patterning on the mask, and exposing the metal seed layer under the pattern; (c) performing one or more of electroplating and chemical plating to form a coiled metal coating on the exposed metal seed layer; (d) removing the mask and the metal seed layer in the coiled metal coating to obtain a metal coil; (e) forming an encapsulation layer on the metal coil to encapsulate the metal coil; and (f) attaching the encapsulation layer to an adhesive tape, and transmitting a laser transmission through the laser-transmitting substrate to act on the polymer protective layer, such that the laser-transmitting substrate is detached. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer protective layer is formed on the laser-transmitting substrate by one or more of spin coating, spray coating and laminating, and the metal seed layer is formed on the polymer protective layer after the polymer protective layer is cured. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer protective layer is made from polyimide, benzocyclobutene, polybenzoxazole, epoxy resin, silica gel, parylene, polyamide or polyurethane. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming a metal seed layer on the polymer protective layer comprises using the metal seed layer physical vapor deposition (PVD). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal seed layer has a thickness of 0.05 μm to 5 μm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal coating has a thickness of 5 μm to 200 μm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mask is made from a photoresist. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the encapsulation layer is made from one or more of polyimide, benzocyclobutene, polybenzoxazole, epoxy resin, silica gel, parylene, polyamide and polyurethane, and is formed on the metal coil by one or more of spin coating, spray coating and laminating. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the top of the encapsulation layer is 1 μm to 25 μm higher than that of the metal coil. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein an external pad of the metal coil is formed on the polymer protective layer. 11. A coil manufactured by the method of claim 1. 12. An electronic device comprising the coil of claim 11. | 1,700 |
345,540 | 16,643,445 | 1,729 | A metering apparatus (1) for metering frozen piece goods, comprising a housing (10) which defines a refrigerated chamber (11), wherein a piece goods container (3), a first conveyor unit (4), and a weighing unit (5) are arranged in the refrigerated chamber (11), wherein piece goods can be transported from the piece goods container (3) via the first conveyor unit (4) to the weighing unit (5), wherein an airlock (13) is arranged below the weighing unit (5), through which piece goods can pass out of the refrigerated chamber (11). | 1. A metering apparatus (1) for metering frozen piece goods, comprising:
a housing (10), which defines a refrigerated chamber (11), wherein a piece goods container (3), a first conveyor unit (4), and a weighing unit (5) are arranged in the refrigerated chamber (11), wherein piece goods can be transported from the piece goods container (3) via the first conveyor unit (4) to the weighing unit (5), characterized in that an airlock (13) is arranged below the weighing unit (5), through which piece goods can pass out of the refrigerated chamber (11). 2. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the housing (10) comprises a jacket (100) having an insulation (101) arranged therein. 3. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 2, wherein the jacket (100) partially comprises metal and partially comprises plastic. 4. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 2, wherein the jacket (100) comprises metal in the contact region with a slide (130) of the airlock (13) and comprises plastic in a region above the slide (130). 5. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein a tightly closable filling opening (12) is provided in the housing (10), in the region above the piece goods container (3). 6. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the piece goods container (3) is formed funnel-shaped having a delimiting upper opening (30) and having a delimiting lower opening (31), wherein the upper opening (30) is multiple times larger than the lower opening (31). 7. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first conveyor unit (4) comprises a first conveyor line (40) and a conveyor drive (41), wherein the conveyor drive (41) can apply oscillations to the first conveyor line (41) in such a way that piece goods located thereon are movable in a predetermined transportation direction. 8. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 7, wherein the first conveyor line (40) is formed inclined with respect to the horizontal. 9. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 7, wherein the first conveyor line (40) converges conically from its side arranged below the piece goods container (3) to its side arranged above the weighing unit (5), wherein lateral delimitations (400) are provided, which prevent piece goods from being able to fall laterally off of the conveyor line (40) and wherein deflection elements (401) are provided on the upper side of the conveyor line (40), using which the piece goods can be deflected transversely to the transportation direction. 10. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the weighing unit (5) comprises a metering scale (50) and a metering container (51) connected thereto, wherein the weight of the piece goods located in the metering container (51) is measurable using the metering scale (50) and wherein the metering container (51) is formed to be at least partially pivotable, whereby the piece goods located in the metering container (51) are removable therefrom. 11. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the weighing unit (5) comprises a counter unit (52), using which the individual piece goods can be counted, which are supplied to the weighing unit (5) before the weighing. 12. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the airlock (13) comprises a movable slide (130), which can release a region of the housing (10) located below the weighing unit (5). 13. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 12, wherein the airlock (13) can execute at least one movement selected from the group of displacement, pivoting, and folding. 14. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, comprising a refrigerated chamber fan (7), which can aspirate air from outside the metering apparatus (1) to be able to generate an overpressure in the refrigerated chamber (11) when the airlock (13) is open. 15. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, comprising a heating module (15), which is arranged in the refrigerated chamber (11) and designed in such a way that it can thaw accumulations of ice and/or oil in the refrigerated chamber. 16. An automatic deep fryer (9) comprising
a housing (90), a metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, which is arranged in the upper region of the housing (90), a frying unit (2), which is arranged in the housing (90) below the metering apparatus (1), wherein piece goods which leave the metering apparatus (1) through the airlock (13) can reach the frying unit (2). 17. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 16, comprising a second conveyor unit (6), using which piece goods, which leave the metering apparatus (1) through the airlock (13), can be transported to the frying unit (2). 18. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 16, comprising an airlock fan (8), which is designed in such a way that rising vapors of the frying unit (2) can be kept away from the airlock (13). 19. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 16, wherein two or more metering apparatuses (1) for storing and metering different piece goods are arranged adjacent to one another in the housing (90), wherein two or more conveyor units (6) are provided, which can transport the respective piece goods from the metering apparatuses (1) to a common frying unit (2) or which can transport the respective piece goods to a frying unit (2) provided separately for them. 20. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 16, comprising
a third conveyor unit (91), a removal unit (92), an input unit (93), a payment unit (94), a security unit (95), and a transmission unit (96). 21. A method for metering frozen piece goods, comprising the following steps:
providing a metering apparatus according to claim 1; filling the piece goods container (3) with frozen piece goods; conveying the frozen piece goods from the piece goods container (3) to the weighing unit (5) using the first conveyor unit (4); weighing the piece goods; opening the airlock (13); emptying the weighed piece goods through the open airlock (13); and closing the airlock (13). | A metering apparatus (1) for metering frozen piece goods, comprising a housing (10) which defines a refrigerated chamber (11), wherein a piece goods container (3), a first conveyor unit (4), and a weighing unit (5) are arranged in the refrigerated chamber (11), wherein piece goods can be transported from the piece goods container (3) via the first conveyor unit (4) to the weighing unit (5), wherein an airlock (13) is arranged below the weighing unit (5), through which piece goods can pass out of the refrigerated chamber (11).1. A metering apparatus (1) for metering frozen piece goods, comprising:
a housing (10), which defines a refrigerated chamber (11), wherein a piece goods container (3), a first conveyor unit (4), and a weighing unit (5) are arranged in the refrigerated chamber (11), wherein piece goods can be transported from the piece goods container (3) via the first conveyor unit (4) to the weighing unit (5), characterized in that an airlock (13) is arranged below the weighing unit (5), through which piece goods can pass out of the refrigerated chamber (11). 2. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the housing (10) comprises a jacket (100) having an insulation (101) arranged therein. 3. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 2, wherein the jacket (100) partially comprises metal and partially comprises plastic. 4. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 2, wherein the jacket (100) comprises metal in the contact region with a slide (130) of the airlock (13) and comprises plastic in a region above the slide (130). 5. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein a tightly closable filling opening (12) is provided in the housing (10), in the region above the piece goods container (3). 6. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the piece goods container (3) is formed funnel-shaped having a delimiting upper opening (30) and having a delimiting lower opening (31), wherein the upper opening (30) is multiple times larger than the lower opening (31). 7. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first conveyor unit (4) comprises a first conveyor line (40) and a conveyor drive (41), wherein the conveyor drive (41) can apply oscillations to the first conveyor line (41) in such a way that piece goods located thereon are movable in a predetermined transportation direction. 8. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 7, wherein the first conveyor line (40) is formed inclined with respect to the horizontal. 9. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 7, wherein the first conveyor line (40) converges conically from its side arranged below the piece goods container (3) to its side arranged above the weighing unit (5), wherein lateral delimitations (400) are provided, which prevent piece goods from being able to fall laterally off of the conveyor line (40) and wherein deflection elements (401) are provided on the upper side of the conveyor line (40), using which the piece goods can be deflected transversely to the transportation direction. 10. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the weighing unit (5) comprises a metering scale (50) and a metering container (51) connected thereto, wherein the weight of the piece goods located in the metering container (51) is measurable using the metering scale (50) and wherein the metering container (51) is formed to be at least partially pivotable, whereby the piece goods located in the metering container (51) are removable therefrom. 11. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the weighing unit (5) comprises a counter unit (52), using which the individual piece goods can be counted, which are supplied to the weighing unit (5) before the weighing. 12. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the airlock (13) comprises a movable slide (130), which can release a region of the housing (10) located below the weighing unit (5). 13. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 12, wherein the airlock (13) can execute at least one movement selected from the group of displacement, pivoting, and folding. 14. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, comprising a refrigerated chamber fan (7), which can aspirate air from outside the metering apparatus (1) to be able to generate an overpressure in the refrigerated chamber (11) when the airlock (13) is open. 15. The metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, comprising a heating module (15), which is arranged in the refrigerated chamber (11) and designed in such a way that it can thaw accumulations of ice and/or oil in the refrigerated chamber. 16. An automatic deep fryer (9) comprising
a housing (90), a metering apparatus (1) according to claim 1, which is arranged in the upper region of the housing (90), a frying unit (2), which is arranged in the housing (90) below the metering apparatus (1), wherein piece goods which leave the metering apparatus (1) through the airlock (13) can reach the frying unit (2). 17. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 16, comprising a second conveyor unit (6), using which piece goods, which leave the metering apparatus (1) through the airlock (13), can be transported to the frying unit (2). 18. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 16, comprising an airlock fan (8), which is designed in such a way that rising vapors of the frying unit (2) can be kept away from the airlock (13). 19. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 16, wherein two or more metering apparatuses (1) for storing and metering different piece goods are arranged adjacent to one another in the housing (90), wherein two or more conveyor units (6) are provided, which can transport the respective piece goods from the metering apparatuses (1) to a common frying unit (2) or which can transport the respective piece goods to a frying unit (2) provided separately for them. 20. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 16, comprising
a third conveyor unit (91), a removal unit (92), an input unit (93), a payment unit (94), a security unit (95), and a transmission unit (96). 21. A method for metering frozen piece goods, comprising the following steps:
providing a metering apparatus according to claim 1; filling the piece goods container (3) with frozen piece goods; conveying the frozen piece goods from the piece goods container (3) to the weighing unit (5) using the first conveyor unit (4); weighing the piece goods; opening the airlock (13); emptying the weighed piece goods through the open airlock (13); and closing the airlock (13). | 1,700 |
345,541 | 16,643,414 | 1,729 | Aspects of the present disclosure describe managing beams in wireless communications. A beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event can be received. A parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes can be measured, where the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam. The occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event can be determined based on the parameter of the signal. An indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition can be reported to the one or more nodes or a different node. | 1. A method for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
receiving a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; measuring a parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes, wherein the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam; determining, based on the parameter of the signal, the occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event; and reporting, to the one or more nodes or a different node, an indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received beams in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of determining the occurrence of the trigger condition or reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition occurs in a media access control (MAC) layer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of determining the occurrence of the trigger condition or reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition occurs in a radio resource control (RRC) layer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising receiving, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received beams in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node, wherein the received beams correspond to channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type of a first beam to measure as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a second type of a second beam to measure as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS), an identifier of the CSI-RS, and an identifier of the NR-SS. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a group of beams comprising two or more channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) and/or new radio synchronization signals (NR-SSs), and an identifier of the group of beams, and further comprising determining identifiers of the two or more CSI-RSs and/or NR-SSs, wherein measuring the parameter of the signal comprises measuring parameters of multiple signals corresponding to the identifiers of the two or more CSI-RSs and/or NR-SSs. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein measuring the parameter of the beam comprises determining an average of the parameters of the multiple beams. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein measuring the parameter of the beam comprises determining a maximum of the parameters of the multiple beams. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates a type of the parameter corresponding to at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINK). 13. The method of claim 12, wherein measuring the parameter of the signal is performed based on a physical layer filtering technique. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein measuring the parameter of the signal is performed based on a radio resource control layer filtering technique. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates, for the trigger condition, a time during which the trigger condition occurs before reporting the indication. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the occurrence of the trigger condition comprises comparing the parameter to a threshold. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the occurrence of the trigger condition comprises comparing an offset between the parameter and a similar parameter of a different signal, to be used as a reference, to determine whether the offset achieves a threshold, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the different signal. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the occurrence of the trigger condition comprises:
comparing the parameter to a threshold; and comparing an offset between the parameter and a similar parameter of a different signal, to be used as a reference, to determine whether the offset achieves a second threshold. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the indication comprises transmitting the indication as uplink control information or uplink data over a shared data channel. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the indication comprises transmitting the indication as uplink control information over an uplink control channel. 21. A method for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
generating a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; transmitting the beam management event configuration to one or more nodes; receiving, from the one or more nodes, an indication of the trigger condition; generating, for the one or more nodes and based on receiving the indication of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing one or more transmitted beams in estimating a transmitted channel; and transmitting the beam configuration to the one or more nodes. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the beam configuration corresponds to channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs). 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type of a first beam to measure as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a second type of a second beam to measure as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS), an identifier of the CSI-RS, and an identifier of the NR-SS. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a group of beams comprising two or more channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) and/or new radio synchronization signals (NR-SSs), and an identifier of the group of beams. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates a type of a parameter corresponding to at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates, for the trigger condition, a time during which the trigger condition occurs before the one or more nodes are to report the indication. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein receiving the indication comprises receiving the indication in uplink control information or uplink data over a shared data channel. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein receiving the indication comprises receiving the indication as uplink control information over an uplink control channel. 31. An apparatus for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
a transceiver for communicating one or more wireless signals via one or more antennas; a memory configured to store instructions; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
receive a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event;
measure a parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes, wherein the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam;
determine, based on the parameter of the signal, the occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event; and
report, to the one or more nodes or a different node, an indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received signals in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node. 33. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure. 34. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 35. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type of a first beam to measure as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a second type of a second beam to measure as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS), an identifier of the CSI-RS, and an identifier of the NR-SS. 36. An apparatus for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
a transceiver for communicating one or more wireless signals via one or more antennas; a memory configured to store instructions; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
generate a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event;
transmit the beam management event configuration to one or more nodes;
receive, from the one or more nodes, an indication of the trigger condition;
generate, for the one or more nodes and based on receiving the indication of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing one or more transmitted beams in estimating a transmitted channel; and
transmit the beam configuration to the one or more nodes. 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure, or as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 38. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure. 39. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 40. An apparatus for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
means for receiving a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; means for measuring a parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes, wherein the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam; means for determining, based on the parameter of the signal, the occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event; and means for reporting, to the one or more nodes or a different node, an indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, further comprising means for receiving, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received signals in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node. 42. An apparatus for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
means for generating a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; means for transmitting the beam management event configuration to one or more nodes; means for receiving, from the one or more nodes, an indication of the trigger condition; means for generating, for the one or more nodes and based on receiving the indication of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing one or more transmitted beams in estimating a transmitted channel; and means for transmitting the beam configuration to the one or more nodes. 43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure, or as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 44. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising computer-executable code for managing beams in wireless communications, the code comprising code for:
receiving a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; measuring a parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes, wherein the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam; determining, based on the parameter of the signal, the occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event; and reporting, to the one or more nodes or a different node, an indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition. 45. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 44, the code further comprising code for receiving, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received beams in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node. 46. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising computer-executable code for managing beams in wireless communications, the code comprising code for:
generating a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; transmitting the beam management event configuration to one or more nodes; receiving, from the one or more nodes, an indication of the trigger condition; generating, for the one or more nodes and based on receiving the indication of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing one or more transmitted beams in estimating a transmitted channel; and transmitting the beam configuration to the one or more nodes. 47. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure, or as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. | Aspects of the present disclosure describe managing beams in wireless communications. A beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event can be received. A parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes can be measured, where the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam. The occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event can be determined based on the parameter of the signal. An indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition can be reported to the one or more nodes or a different node.1. A method for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
receiving a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; measuring a parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes, wherein the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam; determining, based on the parameter of the signal, the occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event; and reporting, to the one or more nodes or a different node, an indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received beams in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of determining the occurrence of the trigger condition or reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition occurs in a media access control (MAC) layer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of determining the occurrence of the trigger condition or reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition occurs in a radio resource control (RRC) layer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising receiving, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received beams in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node, wherein the received beams correspond to channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type of a first beam to measure as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a second type of a second beam to measure as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS), an identifier of the CSI-RS, and an identifier of the NR-SS. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a group of beams comprising two or more channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) and/or new radio synchronization signals (NR-SSs), and an identifier of the group of beams, and further comprising determining identifiers of the two or more CSI-RSs and/or NR-SSs, wherein measuring the parameter of the signal comprises measuring parameters of multiple signals corresponding to the identifiers of the two or more CSI-RSs and/or NR-SSs. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein measuring the parameter of the beam comprises determining an average of the parameters of the multiple beams. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein measuring the parameter of the beam comprises determining a maximum of the parameters of the multiple beams. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates a type of the parameter corresponding to at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINK). 13. The method of claim 12, wherein measuring the parameter of the signal is performed based on a physical layer filtering technique. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein measuring the parameter of the signal is performed based on a radio resource control layer filtering technique. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates, for the trigger condition, a time during which the trigger condition occurs before reporting the indication. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the occurrence of the trigger condition comprises comparing the parameter to a threshold. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the occurrence of the trigger condition comprises comparing an offset between the parameter and a similar parameter of a different signal, to be used as a reference, to determine whether the offset achieves a threshold, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the different signal. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the occurrence of the trigger condition comprises:
comparing the parameter to a threshold; and comparing an offset between the parameter and a similar parameter of a different signal, to be used as a reference, to determine whether the offset achieves a second threshold. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the indication comprises transmitting the indication as uplink control information or uplink data over a shared data channel. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the indication comprises transmitting the indication as uplink control information over an uplink control channel. 21. A method for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
generating a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; transmitting the beam management event configuration to one or more nodes; receiving, from the one or more nodes, an indication of the trigger condition; generating, for the one or more nodes and based on receiving the indication of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing one or more transmitted beams in estimating a transmitted channel; and transmitting the beam configuration to the one or more nodes. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the beam configuration corresponds to channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs). 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type of a first beam to measure as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a second type of a second beam to measure as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS), an identifier of the CSI-RS, and an identifier of the NR-SS. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a group of beams comprising two or more channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) and/or new radio synchronization signals (NR-SSs), and an identifier of the group of beams. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates a type of a parameter corresponding to at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates, for the trigger condition, a time during which the trigger condition occurs before the one or more nodes are to report the indication. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein receiving the indication comprises receiving the indication in uplink control information or uplink data over a shared data channel. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein receiving the indication comprises receiving the indication as uplink control information over an uplink control channel. 31. An apparatus for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
a transceiver for communicating one or more wireless signals via one or more antennas; a memory configured to store instructions; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
receive a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event;
measure a parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes, wherein the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam;
determine, based on the parameter of the signal, the occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event; and
report, to the one or more nodes or a different node, an indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received signals in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node. 33. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure. 34. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 35. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type of a first beam to measure as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a second type of a second beam to measure as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS), an identifier of the CSI-RS, and an identifier of the NR-SS. 36. An apparatus for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
a transceiver for communicating one or more wireless signals via one or more antennas; a memory configured to store instructions; and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
generate a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event;
transmit the beam management event configuration to one or more nodes;
receive, from the one or more nodes, an indication of the trigger condition;
generate, for the one or more nodes and based on receiving the indication of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing one or more transmitted beams in estimating a transmitted channel; and
transmit the beam configuration to the one or more nodes. 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure, or as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 38. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure. 39. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 40. An apparatus for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
means for receiving a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; means for measuring a parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes, wherein the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam; means for determining, based on the parameter of the signal, the occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event; and means for reporting, to the one or more nodes or a different node, an indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, further comprising means for receiving, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received signals in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node. 42. An apparatus for managing beams in wireless communications, comprising:
means for generating a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; means for transmitting the beam management event configuration to one or more nodes; means for receiving, from the one or more nodes, an indication of the trigger condition; means for generating, for the one or more nodes and based on receiving the indication of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing one or more transmitted beams in estimating a transmitted channel; and means for transmitting the beam configuration to the one or more nodes. 43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure, or as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. 44. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising computer-executable code for managing beams in wireless communications, the code comprising code for:
receiving a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; measuring a parameter of a signal received from one or more nodes, wherein the signal corresponds to the type of the at least one beam; determining, based on the parameter of the signal, the occurrence of the trigger condition for the beam management event; and reporting, to the one or more nodes or a different node, an indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition. 45. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 44, the code further comprising code for receiving, based on reporting the indication of the occurrence of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing received beams in communicating with the one or more nodes or the different node. 46. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising computer-executable code for managing beams in wireless communications, the code comprising code for:
generating a beam management event configuration indicating a type of at least one beam to measure in determining occurrence of a trigger condition for a beam management event; transmitting the beam management event configuration to one or more nodes; receiving, from the one or more nodes, an indication of the trigger condition; generating, for the one or more nodes and based on receiving the indication of the trigger condition, a beam configuration for utilizing one or more transmitted beams in estimating a transmitted channel; and transmitting the beam configuration to the one or more nodes. 47. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, wherein the beam management event configuration indicates the type as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an identifier of the CSI-RS to measure, or as a new radio synchronization signal (NR-SS) and an identifier of the NR-SS to measure. | 1,700 |
345,542 | 16,643,489 | 1,729 | A method and a device for controlling a fan speed provided and may be applied to a server. According to an example of the method, a target DTS temperature curve corresponding to a current ambient temperature of the server is determined, and then, a DTS temperature corresponding to a current load of a power consumption component in the server is determined according to the target DTS temperature curve, and a speed of a fan associated with the power consumption component is adjusted according to the DTS temperature and a current temperature of the power consumption. The power consumption of the power consumption component and the power consumption of the fan are effectively balances by dynamically controlling the fan speed under different loads and at different ambient temperatures, thereby minimizing the power consumption of the server. | 1. A method of controlling a fan speed, comprising:
determining a current ambient temperature of a server; determining a target digital temperature sensor (DTS) temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server; determining a DTS temperature corresponding to a current load of a power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve; and adjusting a speed of a fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and a current temperature of the power consumption component. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the current ambient temperature of the server comprises:
acquiring a temperature collected by a temperature sensor provided at an air inlet of the server, and taking the temperature collected by the temperature sensor as the ambient temperature. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server comprises:
selecting one or two candidate DTS temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the candidate DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature closest to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determining one of the candidate DTS temperature curves as the target DTS temperature curve. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server comprises:
selecting at least two DTS reference temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the reference DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature which is close to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determining the target DTS temperature curve by fitting with the at least two reference DTS temperature curves. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve comprises:
determining a target load which is closest to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determining a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determining a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve comprises:
selecting at least two reference loads which are close to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determining a candidate load by fitting with the at least two reference loads; determining a target load closest to the candidate load from the target DTS temperature curve; determining a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determining a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and the current temperature of the power consumption component comprises:
determining a target speed according to the current temperature of the power consumption component and the DTS temperature; and adjusting the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component to the determined target speed. 8-13. (canceled) 14. A device for controlling a fan speed, comprising:
a processor; and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions executable by the processor, wherein the machine-executable instructions cause the processor to: determine a current ambient temperature of a server; determine a target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server; determine a DTS temperature corresponding to a current load of a power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve; and adjust a speed of a fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and a current temperature of the power consumption component. 15. A machine-readable storage medium storing machine executable instructions, wherein,
a processor is caused by invoking and executing the machine-executable instructions to: determine a current ambient temperature of a server; determine a target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server; determine a DTS temperature corresponding to a current load of a power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve; and adjust a speed of a fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and a current temperature of the power consumption component. 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
acquire a temperature collected by a temperature sensor provided at an air inlet of the server, and take the temperature collected by the temperature sensor as the ambient temperature. 17. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
select one or two candidate DTS temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the candidate DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature closest to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determine one of the candidate DTS temperature curves as the target DTS temperature curve. 18. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
select at least two DTS reference temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the reference DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature which is close to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determine the target DTS temperature curve by fitting with the at least two reference DTS temperature curves. 19. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve, the processor is caused to:
determine a target load which is closest to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determine a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 20. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve, the processor is caused to:
select at least two reference loads which are close to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a candidate load by fitting with the at least two reference loads; determine a target load closest to the candidate load from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determine a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 21. The device according to claim 14, wherein when adjusting the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and the current temperature of the power consumption component, the processor is caused to:
determine a target speed according to the current temperature of the power consumption component and the DTS temperature; and adjust the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component to the determined target speed. 22. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
select one or two candidate DTS temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the candidate DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature closest to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determine one of the candidate DTS temperature curves as the target DTS temperature curve. 23. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
select at least two DTS reference temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the reference DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature which is close to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determine the target DTS temperature curve by fitting with the at least two reference DTS temperature curves. 24. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve, the processor is caused to:
determine a target load which is closest to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determine a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 25. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve, the processor is caused to:
select at least two reference loads which are close to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a candidate load by fitting with the at least two reference loads; determine a target load closest to the candidate load from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determine a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 26. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when adjusting the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and the current temperature of the power consumption component, the processor is caused to:
determine a target speed according to the current temperature of the power consumption component and the DTS temperature; and adjust the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component to the determined target speed. | A method and a device for controlling a fan speed provided and may be applied to a server. According to an example of the method, a target DTS temperature curve corresponding to a current ambient temperature of the server is determined, and then, a DTS temperature corresponding to a current load of a power consumption component in the server is determined according to the target DTS temperature curve, and a speed of a fan associated with the power consumption component is adjusted according to the DTS temperature and a current temperature of the power consumption. The power consumption of the power consumption component and the power consumption of the fan are effectively balances by dynamically controlling the fan speed under different loads and at different ambient temperatures, thereby minimizing the power consumption of the server.1. A method of controlling a fan speed, comprising:
determining a current ambient temperature of a server; determining a target digital temperature sensor (DTS) temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server; determining a DTS temperature corresponding to a current load of a power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve; and adjusting a speed of a fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and a current temperature of the power consumption component. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the current ambient temperature of the server comprises:
acquiring a temperature collected by a temperature sensor provided at an air inlet of the server, and taking the temperature collected by the temperature sensor as the ambient temperature. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server comprises:
selecting one or two candidate DTS temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the candidate DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature closest to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determining one of the candidate DTS temperature curves as the target DTS temperature curve. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server comprises:
selecting at least two DTS reference temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the reference DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature which is close to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determining the target DTS temperature curve by fitting with the at least two reference DTS temperature curves. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve comprises:
determining a target load which is closest to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determining a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determining a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve comprises:
selecting at least two reference loads which are close to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determining a candidate load by fitting with the at least two reference loads; determining a target load closest to the candidate load from the target DTS temperature curve; determining a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determining a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and the current temperature of the power consumption component comprises:
determining a target speed according to the current temperature of the power consumption component and the DTS temperature; and adjusting the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component to the determined target speed. 8-13. (canceled) 14. A device for controlling a fan speed, comprising:
a processor; and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions executable by the processor, wherein the machine-executable instructions cause the processor to: determine a current ambient temperature of a server; determine a target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server; determine a DTS temperature corresponding to a current load of a power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve; and adjust a speed of a fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and a current temperature of the power consumption component. 15. A machine-readable storage medium storing machine executable instructions, wherein,
a processor is caused by invoking and executing the machine-executable instructions to: determine a current ambient temperature of a server; determine a target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server; determine a DTS temperature corresponding to a current load of a power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve; and adjust a speed of a fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and a current temperature of the power consumption component. 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
acquire a temperature collected by a temperature sensor provided at an air inlet of the server, and take the temperature collected by the temperature sensor as the ambient temperature. 17. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
select one or two candidate DTS temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the candidate DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature closest to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determine one of the candidate DTS temperature curves as the target DTS temperature curve. 18. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
select at least two DTS reference temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the reference DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature which is close to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determine the target DTS temperature curve by fitting with the at least two reference DTS temperature curves. 19. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve, the processor is caused to:
determine a target load which is closest to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determine a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 20. The device according to claim 14, wherein when determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve, the processor is caused to:
select at least two reference loads which are close to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a candidate load by fitting with the at least two reference loads; determine a target load closest to the candidate load from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determine a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 21. The device according to claim 14, wherein when adjusting the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and the current temperature of the power consumption component, the processor is caused to:
determine a target speed according to the current temperature of the power consumption component and the DTS temperature; and adjust the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component to the determined target speed. 22. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
select one or two candidate DTS temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the candidate DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature closest to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determine one of the candidate DTS temperature curves as the target DTS temperature curve. 23. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when determining the target DTS temperature curve corresponding to the current ambient temperature of the server, the processor is caused to:
select at least two DTS reference temperature curves from a plurality of stored DTS temperature curves, wherein each of the reference DTS temperature curves corresponds to an ambient temperature which is close to the current ambient temperature of the server; and determine the target DTS temperature curve by fitting with the at least two reference DTS temperature curves. 24. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve, the processor is caused to:
determine a target load which is closest to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determine a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 25. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when determining the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component in the server according to the target DTS temperature curve, the processor is caused to:
select at least two reference loads which are close to the current load of the power consumption component from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a candidate load by fitting with the at least two reference loads; determine a target load closest to the candidate load from the target DTS temperature curve; determine a power consumption component temperature corresponding to the determined target load from the target DTS temperature curve; and determine a difference between the determined power consumption component temperature and a preset shutdown temperature of the power consumption component as the DTS temperature corresponding to the current load of the power consumption component. 26. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein when adjusting the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component according to the DTS temperature and the current temperature of the power consumption component, the processor is caused to:
determine a target speed according to the current temperature of the power consumption component and the DTS temperature; and adjust the speed of the fan associated with the power consumption component to the determined target speed. | 1,700 |
345,543 | 16,643,469 | 1,729 | Provided is a system, server, and method for speech recognition capable of collectively setting a plurality of setting items for device control through an utterance of a single sentence provided in the form of natural language. The system includes: a home appliance configured to receive a speech command that is generated through an utterance of a single sentence for control of the home appliance; and a server configured to receive the speech command in the single sentence from the home appliance and interpret the speech command of the single sentence through multiple intent determination. | 1. A speech recognition system for a home appliance, comprising:
a home appliance configured to receive a speech command that is generated through an utterance of a single sentence for control of the home appliance; and a server configured to receive the speech command in the single sentence from the home appliance and interpret the speech command in the single sentence through multiple intent determination. 2. The speech recognition system of claim 1, wherein the speech command generated through the utterance of the single sentence includes a plurality of intents, and the server interprets the speech command on the basis of the plurality of intents. 3. The speech recognition system of claim 2, wherein the server is configured to:
generate a plurality of instruction sentence formulas by combining the plurality of intents; generate a plurality of derivative sentences on the basis of the plurality of instruction sentence formulas; and compare the plurality of derivative sentences with a plurality of pieces of speech command data registered in the server, to find matching speech command data in the comparison. 4. The speech recognition system of claim 3, wherein the server is configured to:
generate a plurality of scenarios operable by the home appliance on the basis of a function and a specification of the home appliance; and generate the plurality of instruction sentence formulas each corresponding to one of the plurality of scenarios. 5. The speech recognition system of claim 3, wherein the server is configured to, in the comparing of the plurality of derivative sentences with the plurality of pieces of speech command data registered in the server, compare the speech command data having a higher priority first. 6. The speech recognition system of claim 5, wherein the speech command data representing an operation having a higher frequency of use is assigned a higher priority. 7. The speech recognition system of claim 1, wherein the server is configured to:
extract a plurality of control values for controlling the home appliance from a result of the interpretation of the speech command; and transmit a speech recognition result including the plurality of control values to the home appliance, wherein the speech recognition result includes at least one of a function and an option of the home appliance, a hardware value of the home appliance, a value required for control of the home appliance, information indicating whether the speech recognition result is successful, or text information guided to a user. 8. A speech recognition server for a home appliance, comprising:
a speech recognizer configured to recognize a speech command generated through an utterance of a single sentence for control of the home appliance and convert the speech command into text data; a natural language interpreter configured to analyze the speech command in the single sentence and extract an intent; and a server configured to interpret the speech command in the single sentence through multiple intent determination. 9. A speech recognition method for a home appliance, comprising:
receiving a speech command generated through an utterance of a single sentence for control of a home appliance; and receiving the speech command in the single sentence from the home appliance and interpreting the speech command in the single sentence through multiple intent determination. 10. The speech recognition method of claim 9, wherein the speech command generated through the utterance of the single sentence includes a plurality of intents, and the speech command is interpreted on the basis of the plurality of intents. 11. The speech recognition method of claim 10, further comprising:
generating a plurality of instruction sentence formulas by combining the plurality of intents; generating a plurality of derivative sentences on the basis of the plurality of instruction sentence formulas; and comparing the plurality of derivative sentences with a plurality of pieces of speech command data registered in a server, to find matching speech command data in the comparison. 12. The speech recognition method of claim 11, further comprising:
generating a plurality of scenarios operable by the home appliance on the basis of a function and a specification of the home appliance; and generating the plurality of instruction sentence formulas each corresponding to one of the plurality of scenarios. 13. The speech recognition method of claim 11, wherein in the comparing of the plurality of derivative sentences with the plurality of pieces of speech command data registered in the server, the speech command data having a higher priority is compared first. 14. The speech recognition method of claim 13, wherein the speech command data representing an operation having a higher frequency of use is assigned a higher priority. 15. The speech recognition method of claim 9, further comprising:
extracting a plurality of control values for controlling the home appliance from a result of the interpretation of the speech command; and transmitting a speech recognition result including the plurality of control values to the home appliance, wherein the speech recognition result includes at least one of a function and an option of the home appliance of the home appliance, a hardware value of the home appliance, a value required for control of the home appliance, information indicating whether the speech recognition result is successful, or text information guided to a user. | Provided is a system, server, and method for speech recognition capable of collectively setting a plurality of setting items for device control through an utterance of a single sentence provided in the form of natural language. The system includes: a home appliance configured to receive a speech command that is generated through an utterance of a single sentence for control of the home appliance; and a server configured to receive the speech command in the single sentence from the home appliance and interpret the speech command of the single sentence through multiple intent determination.1. A speech recognition system for a home appliance, comprising:
a home appliance configured to receive a speech command that is generated through an utterance of a single sentence for control of the home appliance; and a server configured to receive the speech command in the single sentence from the home appliance and interpret the speech command in the single sentence through multiple intent determination. 2. The speech recognition system of claim 1, wherein the speech command generated through the utterance of the single sentence includes a plurality of intents, and the server interprets the speech command on the basis of the plurality of intents. 3. The speech recognition system of claim 2, wherein the server is configured to:
generate a plurality of instruction sentence formulas by combining the plurality of intents; generate a plurality of derivative sentences on the basis of the plurality of instruction sentence formulas; and compare the plurality of derivative sentences with a plurality of pieces of speech command data registered in the server, to find matching speech command data in the comparison. 4. The speech recognition system of claim 3, wherein the server is configured to:
generate a plurality of scenarios operable by the home appliance on the basis of a function and a specification of the home appliance; and generate the plurality of instruction sentence formulas each corresponding to one of the plurality of scenarios. 5. The speech recognition system of claim 3, wherein the server is configured to, in the comparing of the plurality of derivative sentences with the plurality of pieces of speech command data registered in the server, compare the speech command data having a higher priority first. 6. The speech recognition system of claim 5, wherein the speech command data representing an operation having a higher frequency of use is assigned a higher priority. 7. The speech recognition system of claim 1, wherein the server is configured to:
extract a plurality of control values for controlling the home appliance from a result of the interpretation of the speech command; and transmit a speech recognition result including the plurality of control values to the home appliance, wherein the speech recognition result includes at least one of a function and an option of the home appliance, a hardware value of the home appliance, a value required for control of the home appliance, information indicating whether the speech recognition result is successful, or text information guided to a user. 8. A speech recognition server for a home appliance, comprising:
a speech recognizer configured to recognize a speech command generated through an utterance of a single sentence for control of the home appliance and convert the speech command into text data; a natural language interpreter configured to analyze the speech command in the single sentence and extract an intent; and a server configured to interpret the speech command in the single sentence through multiple intent determination. 9. A speech recognition method for a home appliance, comprising:
receiving a speech command generated through an utterance of a single sentence for control of a home appliance; and receiving the speech command in the single sentence from the home appliance and interpreting the speech command in the single sentence through multiple intent determination. 10. The speech recognition method of claim 9, wherein the speech command generated through the utterance of the single sentence includes a plurality of intents, and the speech command is interpreted on the basis of the plurality of intents. 11. The speech recognition method of claim 10, further comprising:
generating a plurality of instruction sentence formulas by combining the plurality of intents; generating a plurality of derivative sentences on the basis of the plurality of instruction sentence formulas; and comparing the plurality of derivative sentences with a plurality of pieces of speech command data registered in a server, to find matching speech command data in the comparison. 12. The speech recognition method of claim 11, further comprising:
generating a plurality of scenarios operable by the home appliance on the basis of a function and a specification of the home appliance; and generating the plurality of instruction sentence formulas each corresponding to one of the plurality of scenarios. 13. The speech recognition method of claim 11, wherein in the comparing of the plurality of derivative sentences with the plurality of pieces of speech command data registered in the server, the speech command data having a higher priority is compared first. 14. The speech recognition method of claim 13, wherein the speech command data representing an operation having a higher frequency of use is assigned a higher priority. 15. The speech recognition method of claim 9, further comprising:
extracting a plurality of control values for controlling the home appliance from a result of the interpretation of the speech command; and transmitting a speech recognition result including the plurality of control values to the home appliance, wherein the speech recognition result includes at least one of a function and an option of the home appliance of the home appliance, a hardware value of the home appliance, a value required for control of the home appliance, information indicating whether the speech recognition result is successful, or text information guided to a user. | 1,700 |
345,544 | 16,643,478 | 1,729 | Misalignment of a substrate portion which integrates an image sensor and a substrate is suppressed. An imaging apparatus comprises: an imaging optical system including at least one optical element; a holding member holding the imaging optical system; an image sensor configured to capture a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; a substrate having the image sensor mounted thereon; and a bonding member fixing a substrate portion to the holding member, the substrate portion integrating the image sensor and the substrate, wherein the bonding member is partly in contact with a surface of the substrate portion, and at at least two positions in a part of the surface of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member, the surface of the substrate portion faces different directions | 1. An imaging apparatus comprising:
an imaging optical system including at least one optical element; a holding member holding the imaging optical system; an image sensor configured to capture a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; a substrate having the image sensor mounted thereon; a substrate portion integrating the image sensor and the substrate; and a bonding member fixing the substrate portion to the holding member, the bonding member being partly in contact with a surface of the substrate portion, and at at least two positions in a part of the surface of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member, the surface of the substrate portion faces different directions. 2. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at the at least two positions in the part of the surface of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member, the surface of the substrate portion faces substantially opposite directions. 3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least two positions are on different planar surfaces constituting the surface of the substrate portion. 4. The imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the holding member has a plurality of planar surfaces which are in contact with the bonding member and respectively face the different planar surfaces of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member. 5. The imaging apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the substrate portion has a first surface and a second surface facing substantially opposite directions as the different planar surfaces in contact with the bonding member,
the holding member has a third surface facing the first surface and a fourth surface facing the second surface as the plurality of planar surfaces in contact with the bonding member, and a volume of the bonding member between the first surface and the third surface and a volume of the bonding member between the second surface and the fourth surface are substantially equal. 6. The imaging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the substrate portion is in contact with the bonding member in a plurality of separated regions, and
the volume of the bonding member between the first surface and the third surface and the volume of the bonding member between the second surface and the fourth surface are substantially equal in each of the plurality of separated regions. 7. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a through hole;
the holding member has a projection that at least partly extends into the through hole in a part corresponding to the through hole; and the bonding member is in contact with the substrate portion at an inner periphery of the through hole and in regions of both surfaces of the substrate, around the through hole, between which the through hole is interposed; and the bonding member is in contact with the holding member at and around the projection. 8. The imaging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the projection of the holding member passes through the through hole, and the holding member has an overhang that overhangs from a tip of the projection in a direction along the substrate portion. 9. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bonding member includes a first bonding member and a second bonding member different from the first bonding member,
the first bonding member and the second bonding member are respectively in contact with a first contact portion and a second contact portion of the surface of the substrate portion, the second contact portion being different from the first contact portion, the first bonding member and the second bonding member are respectively in contact with a third contact portion and a fourth contact portion of the holding member, the fourth contact portion being different from the third contact portion, and a direction from the first contact portion to the third contact portion and a direction from the second contact portion to the fourth contact portion are different. 10. The imaging apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first contact portion includes a part of a first surface of the surface of the substrate portion, and the second contact portion includes a part of a second surface of the surface of the substrate, the second surface being on an opposite side to the first surface. 11. The imaging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion include at least a part of a side surface of the surface of the substrate portion, the side surface being substantially orthogonal to the first surface and the second surface. 12. The imaging apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first bonding member and the second bonding member differ from each other in a shrinkage ratio in curing or an elastic modulus after curing. 13. The imaging apparatus according to claim 12, wherein when the first bonding member has a lower shrinkage ratio or elastic modulus than the second bonding member, a volume of the first bonding member between the first contact portion and the third contact portion is larger than a volume of the second bonding member between the second contact portion and the fourth contact portion. 14. The imaging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the third contact portion and the fourth contact portion respectively have surfaces facing the first surface and the second surface. 15. The imaging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the third contact portion has a surface facing the first surface, and the fourth contact portion has a surface not facing the second surface. 16. The imaging apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the substrate has a through hole,
the holding member has a projection that at least partly extends into the through hole, in a part corresponding to the through hole; the first bonding member is in contact with the substrate portion at an inner periphery of the through hole and in regions of both surfaces, between which the through hole is interposed, around the through hole, at a position closer to the third contact portion than the second bonding member, and the first bonding member is in contact with the holding member at and around the projection; and the second bonding member: is in contact with the substrate portion at an inner periphery of the through hole and in regions of both surfaces, between which the through hole is interposed, around the through hole, at a position closer to the fourth contact portion than the first bonding member, and the second bonding member is in contact with the holding member at and around the projection. 17. The imaging apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the projection of the holding member passes through the through hole, and the holding member has an overhang that overhangs from a tip of the projection in a direction along the substrate portion. 18. The imaging apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first bonding member is an ultraviolet curing type, and the second bonding member is a thermosetting type. 19. A mobile object comprising
an imaging apparatus including: an imaging optical system including at least one optical element; a holding member holding the imaging optical system; an image sensor configured to capture a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; a substrate having the image sensor mounted thereon; and a bonding member fixing a substrate portion to the holding member, the substrate portion integrating the image sensor and the substrate, wherein the bonding member is partly in contact with a surface of the substrate portion, and at at least two positions in a part of the surface of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member, the surface of the substrate portion faces different directions. 20. A manufacturing method for an imaging apparatus that includes: an imaging optical system including at least one optical element; a holding member holding the imaging optical system; an image sensor configured to capture a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; a substrate having the image sensor mounted thereon; and a first bonding member and a second bonding member fixing a substrate portion to the holding member, the substrate portion integrating the image sensor and the substrate, and the second bonding member being different from the first bonding member, the manufacturing method comprising:
applying the first bonding member to a third contact portion of the holding member; bringing a first contact portion of the substrate into contact with the first bonding member applied to the third contact portion; curing the first bonding member; applying the second bonding member to a second contact portion of the substrate different from the first contact portion and a fourth contact portion of the holding member different from the third contact portion; and curing the second bonding member. | Misalignment of a substrate portion which integrates an image sensor and a substrate is suppressed. An imaging apparatus comprises: an imaging optical system including at least one optical element; a holding member holding the imaging optical system; an image sensor configured to capture a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; a substrate having the image sensor mounted thereon; and a bonding member fixing a substrate portion to the holding member, the substrate portion integrating the image sensor and the substrate, wherein the bonding member is partly in contact with a surface of the substrate portion, and at at least two positions in a part of the surface of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member, the surface of the substrate portion faces different directions1. An imaging apparatus comprising:
an imaging optical system including at least one optical element; a holding member holding the imaging optical system; an image sensor configured to capture a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; a substrate having the image sensor mounted thereon; a substrate portion integrating the image sensor and the substrate; and a bonding member fixing the substrate portion to the holding member, the bonding member being partly in contact with a surface of the substrate portion, and at at least two positions in a part of the surface of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member, the surface of the substrate portion faces different directions. 2. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at the at least two positions in the part of the surface of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member, the surface of the substrate portion faces substantially opposite directions. 3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least two positions are on different planar surfaces constituting the surface of the substrate portion. 4. The imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the holding member has a plurality of planar surfaces which are in contact with the bonding member and respectively face the different planar surfaces of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member. 5. The imaging apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the substrate portion has a first surface and a second surface facing substantially opposite directions as the different planar surfaces in contact with the bonding member,
the holding member has a third surface facing the first surface and a fourth surface facing the second surface as the plurality of planar surfaces in contact with the bonding member, and a volume of the bonding member between the first surface and the third surface and a volume of the bonding member between the second surface and the fourth surface are substantially equal. 6. The imaging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the substrate portion is in contact with the bonding member in a plurality of separated regions, and
the volume of the bonding member between the first surface and the third surface and the volume of the bonding member between the second surface and the fourth surface are substantially equal in each of the plurality of separated regions. 7. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a through hole;
the holding member has a projection that at least partly extends into the through hole in a part corresponding to the through hole; and the bonding member is in contact with the substrate portion at an inner periphery of the through hole and in regions of both surfaces of the substrate, around the through hole, between which the through hole is interposed; and the bonding member is in contact with the holding member at and around the projection. 8. The imaging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the projection of the holding member passes through the through hole, and the holding member has an overhang that overhangs from a tip of the projection in a direction along the substrate portion. 9. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bonding member includes a first bonding member and a second bonding member different from the first bonding member,
the first bonding member and the second bonding member are respectively in contact with a first contact portion and a second contact portion of the surface of the substrate portion, the second contact portion being different from the first contact portion, the first bonding member and the second bonding member are respectively in contact with a third contact portion and a fourth contact portion of the holding member, the fourth contact portion being different from the third contact portion, and a direction from the first contact portion to the third contact portion and a direction from the second contact portion to the fourth contact portion are different. 10. The imaging apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first contact portion includes a part of a first surface of the surface of the substrate portion, and the second contact portion includes a part of a second surface of the surface of the substrate, the second surface being on an opposite side to the first surface. 11. The imaging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the first contact portion and the second contact portion include at least a part of a side surface of the surface of the substrate portion, the side surface being substantially orthogonal to the first surface and the second surface. 12. The imaging apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first bonding member and the second bonding member differ from each other in a shrinkage ratio in curing or an elastic modulus after curing. 13. The imaging apparatus according to claim 12, wherein when the first bonding member has a lower shrinkage ratio or elastic modulus than the second bonding member, a volume of the first bonding member between the first contact portion and the third contact portion is larger than a volume of the second bonding member between the second contact portion and the fourth contact portion. 14. The imaging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the third contact portion and the fourth contact portion respectively have surfaces facing the first surface and the second surface. 15. The imaging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the third contact portion has a surface facing the first surface, and the fourth contact portion has a surface not facing the second surface. 16. The imaging apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the substrate has a through hole,
the holding member has a projection that at least partly extends into the through hole, in a part corresponding to the through hole; the first bonding member is in contact with the substrate portion at an inner periphery of the through hole and in regions of both surfaces, between which the through hole is interposed, around the through hole, at a position closer to the third contact portion than the second bonding member, and the first bonding member is in contact with the holding member at and around the projection; and the second bonding member: is in contact with the substrate portion at an inner periphery of the through hole and in regions of both surfaces, between which the through hole is interposed, around the through hole, at a position closer to the fourth contact portion than the first bonding member, and the second bonding member is in contact with the holding member at and around the projection. 17. The imaging apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the projection of the holding member passes through the through hole, and the holding member has an overhang that overhangs from a tip of the projection in a direction along the substrate portion. 18. The imaging apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first bonding member is an ultraviolet curing type, and the second bonding member is a thermosetting type. 19. A mobile object comprising
an imaging apparatus including: an imaging optical system including at least one optical element; a holding member holding the imaging optical system; an image sensor configured to capture a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; a substrate having the image sensor mounted thereon; and a bonding member fixing a substrate portion to the holding member, the substrate portion integrating the image sensor and the substrate, wherein the bonding member is partly in contact with a surface of the substrate portion, and at at least two positions in a part of the surface of the substrate portion in contact with the bonding member, the surface of the substrate portion faces different directions. 20. A manufacturing method for an imaging apparatus that includes: an imaging optical system including at least one optical element; a holding member holding the imaging optical system; an image sensor configured to capture a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; a substrate having the image sensor mounted thereon; and a first bonding member and a second bonding member fixing a substrate portion to the holding member, the substrate portion integrating the image sensor and the substrate, and the second bonding member being different from the first bonding member, the manufacturing method comprising:
applying the first bonding member to a third contact portion of the holding member; bringing a first contact portion of the substrate into contact with the first bonding member applied to the third contact portion; curing the first bonding member; applying the second bonding member to a second contact portion of the substrate different from the first contact portion and a fourth contact portion of the holding member different from the third contact portion; and curing the second bonding member. | 1,700 |
345,545 | 16,643,459 | 1,729 | A rotary tower crane with a tower, which carries a jib and a counterjib, with a jib stay being guided from a tower top to the jib and to the counterjib. The jib stay tensions only an inner jib portion, the length of which is less than 40% of the total length of the jib, and an outer portion, the length of which is more than 60% of the total length of the jib, forms an untensioned bending beam jib which includes at least one jib piece which tapers in height and which is adjoined on the inner side by at least one jib part of greater height and on the outer side by a jib piece of smaller height. | 1. A revolving tower crane comprising:
a tower having a tower top; a boom comprising:
an inner, guyed boom section including at least one boom part; and
an outer, non-guyed boom section including at least one boom part; and
a counterboom; wherein the tower supports the boom, a boom guying being led from the tower top to the boom and to the counterboom; wherein the boom guying only guys the inner, guyed boom section whose length amounts to less than approximately 40% of the total length of the boom; and wherein the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to more than 60% of the total length of the boom and forms a non-guyed bending beam boom that has at least one boom part of the inner, guyed boom section that vertically tapers in the boom height and that adjoins at least one boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section of greater boom height at the inner side and another boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section of smaller boom height at the outer side. 2. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the length of the inner, guyed boom section amounts to less than approximately 30% of the total length of the boom; and the outer, non-guyed boom section is from approximately two to four times as long as the inner, guyed boom section. 3. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the tapering of the boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section starts at a spacing from a link point of the boom guying at the boom, which distance corresponds to less than approximately two thirds of the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 4. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the boom part of greater boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 15% to 60% of the total length of the outer, non-guyed boom section; and the boom part of smaller boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 40% to 85% of the total length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 5. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom part of smaller boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to at least approximately two thirds of the length of the boom part of greater boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom part. 6. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom height at an outer end of the vertically tapered boom part of the inner, guyed boom section is in the range from approximately 50% to 90% of the maximum boom height of the boom. 7. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom part of the inner, guyed boom section tapers in boom height toward the tower, and that has a length of at least approximately 25% of the length of the inner, guyed boom section. 8. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the tower top has a vertical protrusion beyond an upper side of the boom, which protrusion amounts to from approximately 20% to 100% of the maximum boom height of the boom. 9. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom is formed as a frame section having three longitudinal beams that are rigidly connected to one another, with the longitudinal beams having a top flange and two bottom flanges. 10. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom is produced from steel sections and the boom guying comprises a plastic fiber structure in the form of a high-strength fiber rope and/or a laminated plastic fiber-reinforced bar section. 11. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a hoisting gear arranged at the counterboom to raise and lower a guy rope. 12. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 11, wherein the hoisting gear is fastened to the counterboom between a ballast weight that is fastened to the counterboom and a link point of the boom guying. 13. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the length of the inner, guyed boom section amounts to from approximately 15%-25% of the total length of the boom; and the outer, non-guyed boom section is approximately three times as long as the inner, guyed boom section. 14. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the tapering of the boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section starts at a spacing from a link point of the boom guying at the boom, which distance corresponds to less than approximately a third of the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 15. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the boom part of greater boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 30% to 40% of the total length of the outer, non-guyed boom section; and the boom part of smaller boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 60% to 70%, of the total length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 16. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom height at an outer end of the vertically tapered boom part of the inner, guyed boom section is in the range from approximately 60% to 80% of the maximum boom height of the boom. 17. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the boom part of the inner, guyed boom section tapers in boom height toward the tower, and that has a length of at least approximately 50% of the length of the inner, guyed boom section; and the tower top has a vertical protrusion beyond an upper side of the boom, which protrusion amounts to from approximately 30% to 70% of the maximum boom height of the boom. 18. A revolving tower crane comprising:
a tower having a tower top with a vertical protrusion; a boom having an upper side, a length, and a non-uniform height along its length being between a minimum and a maximum height, the boom comprising:
an inner, guyed boom section having a length and comprising at least one boom part; and
an outer, non-guyed boom section having a length and comprising at least a first boom part and a second boom part; and
a counterboom; wherein the vertical protrusion of the tower top extends beyond the upper side of the boom, which protrusion amounts to from approximately 20% to 100% of the maximum boom height of the boom; wherein a boom guying led from the tower top supports the boom and counterboom, the boom guying linked to the boom at a boom link point and linked to the counterboom at a counterboom link point; wherein the boom guying only guys the inner, guyed boom section; wherein the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section is from approximately two to four times the length of the inner, guyed boom section; wherein the outer, non-guyed boom section forms a non-guyed bending beam boom that includes at least one boom part of the inner, guyed boom section that vertically tapers in boom height and that adjoins the first boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section of greater boom height at an inner side and the second boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section of smaller boom height at the outer side; wherein the first boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 15% to 60% of the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section; wherein the second boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 40% to 85% of the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 19. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 18 further comprising a hoisting gear arranged at the counterboom and configured to raise and lower a guy rope. 20. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 19, wherein the hoisting gear is fastened to the counterboom between a ballast weight that is fastened to the counterboom and the counterboom link point. | A rotary tower crane with a tower, which carries a jib and a counterjib, with a jib stay being guided from a tower top to the jib and to the counterjib. The jib stay tensions only an inner jib portion, the length of which is less than 40% of the total length of the jib, and an outer portion, the length of which is more than 60% of the total length of the jib, forms an untensioned bending beam jib which includes at least one jib piece which tapers in height and which is adjoined on the inner side by at least one jib part of greater height and on the outer side by a jib piece of smaller height.1. A revolving tower crane comprising:
a tower having a tower top; a boom comprising:
an inner, guyed boom section including at least one boom part; and
an outer, non-guyed boom section including at least one boom part; and
a counterboom; wherein the tower supports the boom, a boom guying being led from the tower top to the boom and to the counterboom; wherein the boom guying only guys the inner, guyed boom section whose length amounts to less than approximately 40% of the total length of the boom; and wherein the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to more than 60% of the total length of the boom and forms a non-guyed bending beam boom that has at least one boom part of the inner, guyed boom section that vertically tapers in the boom height and that adjoins at least one boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section of greater boom height at the inner side and another boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section of smaller boom height at the outer side. 2. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the length of the inner, guyed boom section amounts to less than approximately 30% of the total length of the boom; and the outer, non-guyed boom section is from approximately two to four times as long as the inner, guyed boom section. 3. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the tapering of the boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section starts at a spacing from a link point of the boom guying at the boom, which distance corresponds to less than approximately two thirds of the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 4. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the boom part of greater boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 15% to 60% of the total length of the outer, non-guyed boom section; and the boom part of smaller boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 40% to 85% of the total length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 5. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom part of smaller boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to at least approximately two thirds of the length of the boom part of greater boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom part. 6. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom height at an outer end of the vertically tapered boom part of the inner, guyed boom section is in the range from approximately 50% to 90% of the maximum boom height of the boom. 7. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom part of the inner, guyed boom section tapers in boom height toward the tower, and that has a length of at least approximately 25% of the length of the inner, guyed boom section. 8. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the tower top has a vertical protrusion beyond an upper side of the boom, which protrusion amounts to from approximately 20% to 100% of the maximum boom height of the boom. 9. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom is formed as a frame section having three longitudinal beams that are rigidly connected to one another, with the longitudinal beams having a top flange and two bottom flanges. 10. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom is produced from steel sections and the boom guying comprises a plastic fiber structure in the form of a high-strength fiber rope and/or a laminated plastic fiber-reinforced bar section. 11. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a hoisting gear arranged at the counterboom to raise and lower a guy rope. 12. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 11, wherein the hoisting gear is fastened to the counterboom between a ballast weight that is fastened to the counterboom and a link point of the boom guying. 13. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the length of the inner, guyed boom section amounts to from approximately 15%-25% of the total length of the boom; and the outer, non-guyed boom section is approximately three times as long as the inner, guyed boom section. 14. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the tapering of the boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section starts at a spacing from a link point of the boom guying at the boom, which distance corresponds to less than approximately a third of the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 15. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the boom part of greater boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 30% to 40% of the total length of the outer, non-guyed boom section; and the boom part of smaller boom height of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 60% to 70%, of the total length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 16. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein the boom height at an outer end of the vertically tapered boom part of the inner, guyed boom section is in the range from approximately 60% to 80% of the maximum boom height of the boom. 17. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 1, wherein one or both:
the boom part of the inner, guyed boom section tapers in boom height toward the tower, and that has a length of at least approximately 50% of the length of the inner, guyed boom section; and the tower top has a vertical protrusion beyond an upper side of the boom, which protrusion amounts to from approximately 30% to 70% of the maximum boom height of the boom. 18. A revolving tower crane comprising:
a tower having a tower top with a vertical protrusion; a boom having an upper side, a length, and a non-uniform height along its length being between a minimum and a maximum height, the boom comprising:
an inner, guyed boom section having a length and comprising at least one boom part; and
an outer, non-guyed boom section having a length and comprising at least a first boom part and a second boom part; and
a counterboom; wherein the vertical protrusion of the tower top extends beyond the upper side of the boom, which protrusion amounts to from approximately 20% to 100% of the maximum boom height of the boom; wherein a boom guying led from the tower top supports the boom and counterboom, the boom guying linked to the boom at a boom link point and linked to the counterboom at a counterboom link point; wherein the boom guying only guys the inner, guyed boom section; wherein the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section is from approximately two to four times the length of the inner, guyed boom section; wherein the outer, non-guyed boom section forms a non-guyed bending beam boom that includes at least one boom part of the inner, guyed boom section that vertically tapers in boom height and that adjoins the first boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section of greater boom height at an inner side and the second boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section of smaller boom height at the outer side; wherein the first boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 15% to 60% of the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section; wherein the second boom part of the outer, non-guyed boom section has a length that amounts to from approximately 40% to 85% of the length of the outer, non-guyed boom section. 19. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 18 further comprising a hoisting gear arranged at the counterboom and configured to raise and lower a guy rope. 20. The revolving tower crane in accordance with claim 19, wherein the hoisting gear is fastened to the counterboom between a ballast weight that is fastened to the counterboom and the counterboom link point. | 1,700 |
345,546 | 16,643,472 | 1,729 | A DC voltage coordination control method is applied to a multi-terminal VSC-HVDC power transmission system or a VSC-HVDC power grid system. When a lower-level control is used in the active power control mode, the active power reference value of the converter is generated according to the converter DC voltage and the converter DC voltage active power curve; it also includes an upper-level control to adjust the control mode and active power setting value of the lower-level control to ensure the steady-state performance of the system. This method has low dependence on communication, avoids the problem that the fixed slope and margin cannot meet all operating conditions, and is suitable for large-scale VSC-HVDC systems, and has scalability. | 1. A DC voltage coordination control method applied to a multi-terminal VSC-HVDC power transmission system or a VSC-HVDC power grid system, characterized in that it includes a lower-level control that generates an active power reference value of the converter according to a control mode of the converter; the control mode of the converter is a DC voltage control mode or an active power control mode;
some or all of the converters of the multi-terminal VSC-HVDC power transmission system or the VSC-HVDC power grid system are configured with the lower-level control, and the lower-level control of any converter including the following steps: 1) turning to step 2) if the converter control mode is the DC voltage control mode, otherwise turning to step 3); 2) generating the active power reference value of the converter according to the difference of the DC voltage instruction and the converter DC voltage, and turning to step 1); 3) generating a DC voltage active power curve of the converter according to an active power setting value of the converter, then turning to step 4); 4) generating the active power reference value of the converter according to the converter DC voltage and the DC voltage active power curve of the converter, then turning to step 1). 2. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: generating a DC voltage active power curve of the converter according to an active power setting value of the converter in step 3) of the lower-level control includes the following steps:
301) determining an inflection point 1 of the DC voltage active power curve according to a ultimate maximum DC voltage and a maximum invertion active power; 302) determining an inflection point 2 of the DC voltage active power curve according to a maximum DC voltage and an active power setting value; 303) determining an inflection point 3 of the DC voltage active power curve according to a minimum DC voltage and the active power setting value; 304) determining an inflection point 4 of the DC voltage active power curve according to a ultimate minimum DC voltage and a maximum rectification active power; 305) generating the DC voltage active power curve by sectionalized broken lines determined from the above inflection point 1, inflection point 2, inflection point 3 and inflection point 4, wherein the active power is the maximum invertion active power if the DC voltage is greater than the ultimate maximum DC voltage, and the active power is the maximum rectification active power if the DC voltage is less than the ultimate minimum DC voltage; the ultimate maximum DC voltage, the maximum DC voltage, the minimum DC voltage, and the ultimate minimum DC voltage are preset values, and the ultimate maximum DC voltagethe maximum DC voltage≥the minimum DC voltage≥the ultimate minimum DC voltage; and the maximum invertion active power is the maximum active power when the converter is operating in an invertion state, the maximum rectification active power is the maximum active power when the converter is operating in a rectification state, the maximum invertion active power and the maximum rectification active power are both determined according to system setting; in the step 4) of the lower-level control, the active power reference value of the converter obtained by retrieving the DC voltage active power curve of the converter and determining the active power corresponding to the measured converter DC voltage as the active power reference value of the converter. 3. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2) of the lower-level control, generating the active power reference value of the converter according to the difference of the DC voltage instruction and the converter DC voltage is achieved by using the difference through a proportional-integral controller to obtain the active power reference value of the converter. 4. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method further comprising an upper-level control, and the upper-level control adjusting the control mode of the lower-level control and the active power setting value, the upper-level control comprising the following steps:
(1) monitoring the state of the control mode of each converter; sending the instruction of switching to the DC voltage control mode to the converter with the highest priority according to the preset priority, when no operating converters which are interconnected at the DC side are in the DC voltage control mode; sending the instruction of switching to the active power control mode to the other converters other than the converter with the highest priority, which are operated in the DC voltage control mode, when a plurality of the operating converters which are interconnected at the DC side are in the DC voltage control mode, then turning to step 2); (2) monitoring the overload state of the converters in voltage control mode and sending the overload state to the lower-level control of other converters which are interconnected at the DC side of the overload converters, then turning to step 1); the overload state is one of a rectification overload or an invertion overload; when the upper-level control is included, the lower-level control further comprising the following steps: a) turning to step b) once receiving the instruction of switching to the DC voltage control mode from the upper-level control, otherwise turning to step c); b) switching the control mode of the converter to the DC voltage control mode, then turning to step c); c) turning to step d) once receiving the instruction of switching to the active power control mode from the upper-level control, otherwise turning to step 5); d) switching the control mode of the converter to the active power control mode, then turning to step e); e) once receiving the overload state of the upper-level, when the overload state is a rectification overload and the active power setting value of the converter is an invertion power, turning to step f); or when the overload state is an invertion overload and the active power setting value is a rectification power, turning to step f), otherwise turning to step a); f) reducing the active power setting value of the converter according to a preset step , then turning to step a). 5. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (1) or step (2) of the upper-level control, the interconnection at the DC side refers to that the DC-side of the converter are connected directly or connected through DC lines. 6. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (2) of the upper-level control, the rectification overload is an overload that occurs when the converter is in rectification operation, and the invertion overload is an overload that occurs when the converter is in invertion operation. 7. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step f) of the lower-level control, the preset step is determined according to system study, with a value ranging from 0 MW to the maximum active power of the converter; reducing the active power setting value of the converter refers to reducing the active power setting value of the converter in the direction of reducing an absolute value of the active power setting value of the converter. | A DC voltage coordination control method is applied to a multi-terminal VSC-HVDC power transmission system or a VSC-HVDC power grid system. When a lower-level control is used in the active power control mode, the active power reference value of the converter is generated according to the converter DC voltage and the converter DC voltage active power curve; it also includes an upper-level control to adjust the control mode and active power setting value of the lower-level control to ensure the steady-state performance of the system. This method has low dependence on communication, avoids the problem that the fixed slope and margin cannot meet all operating conditions, and is suitable for large-scale VSC-HVDC systems, and has scalability.1. A DC voltage coordination control method applied to a multi-terminal VSC-HVDC power transmission system or a VSC-HVDC power grid system, characterized in that it includes a lower-level control that generates an active power reference value of the converter according to a control mode of the converter; the control mode of the converter is a DC voltage control mode or an active power control mode;
some or all of the converters of the multi-terminal VSC-HVDC power transmission system or the VSC-HVDC power grid system are configured with the lower-level control, and the lower-level control of any converter including the following steps: 1) turning to step 2) if the converter control mode is the DC voltage control mode, otherwise turning to step 3); 2) generating the active power reference value of the converter according to the difference of the DC voltage instruction and the converter DC voltage, and turning to step 1); 3) generating a DC voltage active power curve of the converter according to an active power setting value of the converter, then turning to step 4); 4) generating the active power reference value of the converter according to the converter DC voltage and the DC voltage active power curve of the converter, then turning to step 1). 2. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: generating a DC voltage active power curve of the converter according to an active power setting value of the converter in step 3) of the lower-level control includes the following steps:
301) determining an inflection point 1 of the DC voltage active power curve according to a ultimate maximum DC voltage and a maximum invertion active power; 302) determining an inflection point 2 of the DC voltage active power curve according to a maximum DC voltage and an active power setting value; 303) determining an inflection point 3 of the DC voltage active power curve according to a minimum DC voltage and the active power setting value; 304) determining an inflection point 4 of the DC voltage active power curve according to a ultimate minimum DC voltage and a maximum rectification active power; 305) generating the DC voltage active power curve by sectionalized broken lines determined from the above inflection point 1, inflection point 2, inflection point 3 and inflection point 4, wherein the active power is the maximum invertion active power if the DC voltage is greater than the ultimate maximum DC voltage, and the active power is the maximum rectification active power if the DC voltage is less than the ultimate minimum DC voltage; the ultimate maximum DC voltage, the maximum DC voltage, the minimum DC voltage, and the ultimate minimum DC voltage are preset values, and the ultimate maximum DC voltagethe maximum DC voltage≥the minimum DC voltage≥the ultimate minimum DC voltage; and the maximum invertion active power is the maximum active power when the converter is operating in an invertion state, the maximum rectification active power is the maximum active power when the converter is operating in a rectification state, the maximum invertion active power and the maximum rectification active power are both determined according to system setting; in the step 4) of the lower-level control, the active power reference value of the converter obtained by retrieving the DC voltage active power curve of the converter and determining the active power corresponding to the measured converter DC voltage as the active power reference value of the converter. 3. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2) of the lower-level control, generating the active power reference value of the converter according to the difference of the DC voltage instruction and the converter DC voltage is achieved by using the difference through a proportional-integral controller to obtain the active power reference value of the converter. 4. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method further comprising an upper-level control, and the upper-level control adjusting the control mode of the lower-level control and the active power setting value, the upper-level control comprising the following steps:
(1) monitoring the state of the control mode of each converter; sending the instruction of switching to the DC voltage control mode to the converter with the highest priority according to the preset priority, when no operating converters which are interconnected at the DC side are in the DC voltage control mode; sending the instruction of switching to the active power control mode to the other converters other than the converter with the highest priority, which are operated in the DC voltage control mode, when a plurality of the operating converters which are interconnected at the DC side are in the DC voltage control mode, then turning to step 2); (2) monitoring the overload state of the converters in voltage control mode and sending the overload state to the lower-level control of other converters which are interconnected at the DC side of the overload converters, then turning to step 1); the overload state is one of a rectification overload or an invertion overload; when the upper-level control is included, the lower-level control further comprising the following steps: a) turning to step b) once receiving the instruction of switching to the DC voltage control mode from the upper-level control, otherwise turning to step c); b) switching the control mode of the converter to the DC voltage control mode, then turning to step c); c) turning to step d) once receiving the instruction of switching to the active power control mode from the upper-level control, otherwise turning to step 5); d) switching the control mode of the converter to the active power control mode, then turning to step e); e) once receiving the overload state of the upper-level, when the overload state is a rectification overload and the active power setting value of the converter is an invertion power, turning to step f); or when the overload state is an invertion overload and the active power setting value is a rectification power, turning to step f), otherwise turning to step a); f) reducing the active power setting value of the converter according to a preset step , then turning to step a). 5. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (1) or step (2) of the upper-level control, the interconnection at the DC side refers to that the DC-side of the converter are connected directly or connected through DC lines. 6. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (2) of the upper-level control, the rectification overload is an overload that occurs when the converter is in rectification operation, and the invertion overload is an overload that occurs when the converter is in invertion operation. 7. The DC voltage coordination control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step f) of the lower-level control, the preset step is determined according to system study, with a value ranging from 0 MW to the maximum active power of the converter; reducing the active power setting value of the converter refers to reducing the active power setting value of the converter in the direction of reducing an absolute value of the active power setting value of the converter. | 1,700 |
345,547 | 16,643,496 | 1,729 | The invention relates to a method as well as a device for positioned holding of at least one layer (9, 10) of several conductor elements (3, 4) arranged distributed over the circumference of a laminated core (2) and formed as bars in relative position with respect to the laminated core (2) accommodating the conductor elements (3, 4) in each case in a receiving groove (5) extending between a first front face (7) and a second front face (8). For this purpose, all conductor elements (3, 4) of the at least one layer (9, 10) are each acted upon at their end portions (11, 12; 13, 14) protruding beyond the laminated core (2) by at least one pressure element (21, 22), which is adjustable in the radial direction, of a pressure device (20). The laminated core (2) is held in position by a holding device (17). | 1. A method for positioned holding of at least one layer of several conductor elements arranged distributed over the circumference of a laminated core and formed as bars in relative position with respect to the laminated core accommodating the conductor elements in each case in a receiving groove extending between a first front face and a second front face to form a stator or rotor of an electrical machine, the method comprising:
at least one of the conductor elements is inserted into each of the receiving grooves, each of the at least one conductor elements is arranged in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the receiving groove accommodating the at least one conductor element, and the laminated core is protruded beyond on at least one of its front faces by end portions of the conductor elements, wherein the laminated core is held positioned by a holding device, and all conductor elements of the at least one layer are each acted upon at their end portions protruding beyond the laminated core by at least one pressure element, which is adjustable in the radial direction, of a pressure device with a pressure force built up by the at least one pressure element, and all conductor elements are thus held positioned relative to the laminated core in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the receiving grooves. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the laminated core is held positioned by a holding arm of the holding device and, in the course of this, holding elements that are located on the holding arm and are adjustable in the radial direction are pressed against an inner surface of the laminated core. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the passive transfer of the laminated core including the conductor elements is carried out in a position of a longitudinal axis extending between the two front faces having a perpendicular alignment and, subsequently, the laminated core including the conductor elements is pivoted such that the longitudinal axis is brought into a horizontal alignment. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element of the pressure device is held in a fixed position predetermined for this purpose with respect to the holding device, in particular its holding arm, on said holding device, in particular on said holding arm. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element is accommodated in a support element preferably formed continuously across the circumference and the support element is held in a fixed position predetermined for this purpose with respect to the holding device thereon. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein each one of the conductor elements is acted upon with the pressure force acting in the radial direction by a separate pressure element. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed from an elastically expandable or elastically deformable material. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed from a self-recovering material. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed as a hose or ring that is continuous across the circumference. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the hose is pressed against the end portions protruding beyond the laminated core by a pressure medium placed in its inside. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein all conductor elements of the at least one layer are pressed against the laminated core on a side facing away from the longitudinal axis of the laminated core by the pressure force built up by the at least one pressure element. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein all conductor elements of the at least one layer are pressed against the laminated core on a side facing the longitudinal axis of the laminated core by the pressure force built up by the at least one pressure element. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein several conductor elements, which are arranged immediately behind one another and/or immediately next to one another in the radial direction, of the layers are accommodated in the laminated core and all conductor elements of each one of the layers are together pressed against the laminated core by the pressure force built up by the at least one pressure element either on a side facing away from the longitudinal axis of the laminated core or on a side facing the longitudinal axis of the laminated core. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein several conductor elements, which are arranged immediately behind one another and/or immediately next to one another in the radial direction, of the layers are accommodated in the laminated core and all conductor elements of each one of the layers are pressed together by at least one first pressure element and by at least one second pressure element in the radial direction in each case. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the individual conductor elements of the at least one layer prior to the application of the pressure force of the at least one pressure element, are aligned in a positioned manner in an axial direction with respect to the laminated core. 16. A device for positioned holding of at least one layer of several conductor elements arranged distributed over the circumference of a laminated core and formed as bars with respect to the laminated core accommodating the conductor elements in each case in a receiving groove extending between a first front face and a second front face to form a stator or rotor of an electrical machine, and for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising:
a holding device, by means of which the laminated core can be held in a positioned manner, and a pressure device with at least one pressure element, which is formed to be adjustable in the radial direction, by means of which at least one pressure element a pressure force can be applied to the end portions protruding beyond the laminated core of all conductor elements. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the pressure device comprises at least one support element preferably formed continuously across the circumference, said at least one support element being held on the holding device in a position stationary with respect thereto, and the at least one pressure element is accommodated in the support element. 18. The device according to claim 16, wherein the pressure device comprises a first support element and a second support element, wherein preferably both support elements are formed continuously across the circumference, and at least one first pressure element is arranged in the first support element and at least one second pressure element is arranged in the second support element, and that the second support element is arranged on the outer side as well as spaced apart from the first support element in the radial direction. 19. The device according to claim 16, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed from an elastically expandable or elastically deformable material and/or from a self-recovering material. 20. The device according to claim 16, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed as a hose or ring, said hose or ring being formed continuously across the circumference. 21. The device according to claim 16, wherein at least one first pressure element can apply the pressure force acting on the side facing away from the longitudinal axis of the laminated core. 22. The device according to claim 21, wherein at least one second pressure element can apply a second pressure force acting in the direction towards the longitudinal axis of the laminated core. | The invention relates to a method as well as a device for positioned holding of at least one layer (9, 10) of several conductor elements (3, 4) arranged distributed over the circumference of a laminated core (2) and formed as bars in relative position with respect to the laminated core (2) accommodating the conductor elements (3, 4) in each case in a receiving groove (5) extending between a first front face (7) and a second front face (8). For this purpose, all conductor elements (3, 4) of the at least one layer (9, 10) are each acted upon at their end portions (11, 12; 13, 14) protruding beyond the laminated core (2) by at least one pressure element (21, 22), which is adjustable in the radial direction, of a pressure device (20). The laminated core (2) is held in position by a holding device (17).1. A method for positioned holding of at least one layer of several conductor elements arranged distributed over the circumference of a laminated core and formed as bars in relative position with respect to the laminated core accommodating the conductor elements in each case in a receiving groove extending between a first front face and a second front face to form a stator or rotor of an electrical machine, the method comprising:
at least one of the conductor elements is inserted into each of the receiving grooves, each of the at least one conductor elements is arranged in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the receiving groove accommodating the at least one conductor element, and the laminated core is protruded beyond on at least one of its front faces by end portions of the conductor elements, wherein the laminated core is held positioned by a holding device, and all conductor elements of the at least one layer are each acted upon at their end portions protruding beyond the laminated core by at least one pressure element, which is adjustable in the radial direction, of a pressure device with a pressure force built up by the at least one pressure element, and all conductor elements are thus held positioned relative to the laminated core in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the receiving grooves. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the laminated core is held positioned by a holding arm of the holding device and, in the course of this, holding elements that are located on the holding arm and are adjustable in the radial direction are pressed against an inner surface of the laminated core. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the passive transfer of the laminated core including the conductor elements is carried out in a position of a longitudinal axis extending between the two front faces having a perpendicular alignment and, subsequently, the laminated core including the conductor elements is pivoted such that the longitudinal axis is brought into a horizontal alignment. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element of the pressure device is held in a fixed position predetermined for this purpose with respect to the holding device, in particular its holding arm, on said holding device, in particular on said holding arm. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element is accommodated in a support element preferably formed continuously across the circumference and the support element is held in a fixed position predetermined for this purpose with respect to the holding device thereon. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein each one of the conductor elements is acted upon with the pressure force acting in the radial direction by a separate pressure element. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed from an elastically expandable or elastically deformable material. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed from a self-recovering material. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed as a hose or ring that is continuous across the circumference. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the hose is pressed against the end portions protruding beyond the laminated core by a pressure medium placed in its inside. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein all conductor elements of the at least one layer are pressed against the laminated core on a side facing away from the longitudinal axis of the laminated core by the pressure force built up by the at least one pressure element. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein all conductor elements of the at least one layer are pressed against the laminated core on a side facing the longitudinal axis of the laminated core by the pressure force built up by the at least one pressure element. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein several conductor elements, which are arranged immediately behind one another and/or immediately next to one another in the radial direction, of the layers are accommodated in the laminated core and all conductor elements of each one of the layers are together pressed against the laminated core by the pressure force built up by the at least one pressure element either on a side facing away from the longitudinal axis of the laminated core or on a side facing the longitudinal axis of the laminated core. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein several conductor elements, which are arranged immediately behind one another and/or immediately next to one another in the radial direction, of the layers are accommodated in the laminated core and all conductor elements of each one of the layers are pressed together by at least one first pressure element and by at least one second pressure element in the radial direction in each case. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the individual conductor elements of the at least one layer prior to the application of the pressure force of the at least one pressure element, are aligned in a positioned manner in an axial direction with respect to the laminated core. 16. A device for positioned holding of at least one layer of several conductor elements arranged distributed over the circumference of a laminated core and formed as bars with respect to the laminated core accommodating the conductor elements in each case in a receiving groove extending between a first front face and a second front face to form a stator or rotor of an electrical machine, and for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising:
a holding device, by means of which the laminated core can be held in a positioned manner, and a pressure device with at least one pressure element, which is formed to be adjustable in the radial direction, by means of which at least one pressure element a pressure force can be applied to the end portions protruding beyond the laminated core of all conductor elements. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the pressure device comprises at least one support element preferably formed continuously across the circumference, said at least one support element being held on the holding device in a position stationary with respect thereto, and the at least one pressure element is accommodated in the support element. 18. The device according to claim 16, wherein the pressure device comprises a first support element and a second support element, wherein preferably both support elements are formed continuously across the circumference, and at least one first pressure element is arranged in the first support element and at least one second pressure element is arranged in the second support element, and that the second support element is arranged on the outer side as well as spaced apart from the first support element in the radial direction. 19. The device according to claim 16, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed from an elastically expandable or elastically deformable material and/or from a self-recovering material. 20. The device according to claim 16, wherein the at least one pressure element is formed as a hose or ring, said hose or ring being formed continuously across the circumference. 21. The device according to claim 16, wherein at least one first pressure element can apply the pressure force acting on the side facing away from the longitudinal axis of the laminated core. 22. The device according to claim 21, wherein at least one second pressure element can apply a second pressure force acting in the direction towards the longitudinal axis of the laminated core. | 1,700 |
345,548 | 16,643,466 | 1,729 | An embedded electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display that includes a transparent substrate; an adhesive layer provided on the transparent substrate; and a wiring electrode portion and a light emitting device mounted portion embedded in the adhesive layer, and the wiring electrode portion comprises a first metal foil pattern, and comprises a blackening layer on both an upper surface and a side surface of the first metal foil pattern, and the light emitting device mounted portion comprises a second metal foil pattern and comprises the blackening layer only on the side surface of the second metal foil pattern. | 1. An embedded electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display, comprising:
a transparent substrate; an adhesive layer provided on the transparent substrate; and a wiring electrode portion and a light emitting device mounted portion embedded in the adhesive layer, wherein the wiring electrode portion comprises a first metal foil pattern and comprises a blackening layer on both an upper surface and a side surface of the first metal foil pattern, and the light emitting device mounted portion comprises a second metal foil pattern and comprises the blackening layer only on the side surface of the second metal foil pattern. 2. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is 2.5 times or more larger than the thickness of the first metal foil pattern. 3. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a silane-modified epoxy resin, a bisphenol A type phenoxy resin, an initiator and a silane coupling agent. 4. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein a tenpoint average roughness Rz of a surface of the first metal foil pattern facing the transparent substrate is more than 0.5 μm. 5. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein a line width of the first metal foil pattern is 50 μm or less, a pitch is 100 μm to 1,000 μm, and a thickness is 3 μm to 20 μm. 6. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the line width of the first metal foil pattern is 30 μm or less,
the first metal foil pattern has an embedding degree of 90% or more into the adhesive layer, and
the embedding degree means a ratio of an upper area of the first metal foil pattern embedded in the adhesive layer based on the entire upper area of the first metal foil pattern. 7. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the first metal foil pattern and the second metal foil pattern comprise a copper foil pattern or an aluminum foil pattern. 8. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the wiring electrode portion comprises a first common electrode wiring portion, a second common electrode wiring portion, and a signal electrode wiring portion. 9. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 8, wherein each of the first common electrode wiring portion, the second common electrode wiring portion, and the signal electrode wiring portion comprises the first metal foil pattern,
the first metal foil patterns of the first common electrode wiring portion, the second common electrode wiring portion, and the signal electrode wiring portion are respectively separated from each other by a disconnection portion, and a width of the disconnection portion is 80 μm or less. 10. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 9, wherein the light emitting device mounted portion comprises at least four electrode pad portions electrically connected to the first common electrode wiring portion, the second common electrode wiring portion, and the signal electrode wiring portion. 11. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 10, wherein the at least four electrode pad portions comprise two signal electrode pad portions, one first common electrode pad portion, and one second common electrode pad portion. 12. A method for manufacturing an embedded electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display, the method comprising:
forming a structure comprising a transparent substrate, an adhesive layer provided on the transparent substrate, and a metal foil provided on the adhesive layer; forming a wiring electrode portion comprising a first metal foil pattern and a light emitting device mounted portion comprising a second metal foil pattern by patterning the metal foil; forming a blackening layer on both upper surfaces and side surfaces of the first and second metal foil patterns; embedding the first and second metal foil patterns into the adhesive layer by heat-treating a structure comprising the blackening layer at a temperature of 70° C. to 100° C. and exposing the upper surface of the second metal foil pattern; and removing the blackening layer provided on the upper surface of the second metal foil pattern. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the forming of the structure comprising the adhesive layer provided on the transparent substrate and the metal foil provided on the adhesive layer comprises:
forming the adhesive layer on the metal foil and forming the transparent substrate on the adhesive layer, or forming the adhesive layer on the transparent substrate and forming the metal foil on the adhesive layer. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein a tenpoint average roughness (Rz) of the surface of the adhesive layer before the heat treating is more than 0.5 μm, and
the tenpoint average roughness (Rz) of the surface of the adhesive layer after the heat treating is 0.1 μm or less. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the forming of the blackening layer is performed by a plating process using a plating solution comprising at least one of copper, selenium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, magnesium, sodium, oxides thereof, and hydroxides thereof. 16. A transparent light emitting device display comprising:
an embedded electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display of claim 1. | An embedded electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display that includes a transparent substrate; an adhesive layer provided on the transparent substrate; and a wiring electrode portion and a light emitting device mounted portion embedded in the adhesive layer, and the wiring electrode portion comprises a first metal foil pattern, and comprises a blackening layer on both an upper surface and a side surface of the first metal foil pattern, and the light emitting device mounted portion comprises a second metal foil pattern and comprises the blackening layer only on the side surface of the second metal foil pattern.1. An embedded electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display, comprising:
a transparent substrate; an adhesive layer provided on the transparent substrate; and a wiring electrode portion and a light emitting device mounted portion embedded in the adhesive layer, wherein the wiring electrode portion comprises a first metal foil pattern and comprises a blackening layer on both an upper surface and a side surface of the first metal foil pattern, and the light emitting device mounted portion comprises a second metal foil pattern and comprises the blackening layer only on the side surface of the second metal foil pattern. 2. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is 2.5 times or more larger than the thickness of the first metal foil pattern. 3. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a silane-modified epoxy resin, a bisphenol A type phenoxy resin, an initiator and a silane coupling agent. 4. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein a tenpoint average roughness Rz of a surface of the first metal foil pattern facing the transparent substrate is more than 0.5 μm. 5. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein a line width of the first metal foil pattern is 50 μm or less, a pitch is 100 μm to 1,000 μm, and a thickness is 3 μm to 20 μm. 6. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the line width of the first metal foil pattern is 30 μm or less,
the first metal foil pattern has an embedding degree of 90% or more into the adhesive layer, and
the embedding degree means a ratio of an upper area of the first metal foil pattern embedded in the adhesive layer based on the entire upper area of the first metal foil pattern. 7. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the first metal foil pattern and the second metal foil pattern comprise a copper foil pattern or an aluminum foil pattern. 8. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 1, wherein the wiring electrode portion comprises a first common electrode wiring portion, a second common electrode wiring portion, and a signal electrode wiring portion. 9. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 8, wherein each of the first common electrode wiring portion, the second common electrode wiring portion, and the signal electrode wiring portion comprises the first metal foil pattern,
the first metal foil patterns of the first common electrode wiring portion, the second common electrode wiring portion, and the signal electrode wiring portion are respectively separated from each other by a disconnection portion, and a width of the disconnection portion is 80 μm or less. 10. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 9, wherein the light emitting device mounted portion comprises at least four electrode pad portions electrically connected to the first common electrode wiring portion, the second common electrode wiring portion, and the signal electrode wiring portion. 11. The embedded electrode substrate of claim 10, wherein the at least four electrode pad portions comprise two signal electrode pad portions, one first common electrode pad portion, and one second common electrode pad portion. 12. A method for manufacturing an embedded electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display, the method comprising:
forming a structure comprising a transparent substrate, an adhesive layer provided on the transparent substrate, and a metal foil provided on the adhesive layer; forming a wiring electrode portion comprising a first metal foil pattern and a light emitting device mounted portion comprising a second metal foil pattern by patterning the metal foil; forming a blackening layer on both upper surfaces and side surfaces of the first and second metal foil patterns; embedding the first and second metal foil patterns into the adhesive layer by heat-treating a structure comprising the blackening layer at a temperature of 70° C. to 100° C. and exposing the upper surface of the second metal foil pattern; and removing the blackening layer provided on the upper surface of the second metal foil pattern. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the forming of the structure comprising the adhesive layer provided on the transparent substrate and the metal foil provided on the adhesive layer comprises:
forming the adhesive layer on the metal foil and forming the transparent substrate on the adhesive layer, or forming the adhesive layer on the transparent substrate and forming the metal foil on the adhesive layer. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein a tenpoint average roughness (Rz) of the surface of the adhesive layer before the heat treating is more than 0.5 μm, and
the tenpoint average roughness (Rz) of the surface of the adhesive layer after the heat treating is 0.1 μm or less. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the forming of the blackening layer is performed by a plating process using a plating solution comprising at least one of copper, selenium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, magnesium, sodium, oxides thereof, and hydroxides thereof. 16. A transparent light emitting device display comprising:
an embedded electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display of claim 1. | 1,700 |
345,549 | 16,643,487 | 3,611 | A bicycle trailer is disclosed which can be reconfigured to act as a bicycle transport unit. When the trailer is in use towed behind a bicycle, its internal volume for receiving items to be transported is too small to accommodate a bicycle, even if the bicycle is broken down into its major parts. In accordance with the invention, the trailer has an internal frame (1 to 7), parts of which can be telescopically arranged in others to enable the frame to be enlarged or reduced in size, and an external shell (35, 36, 40) with foldable sections. The base of the frame (1) may have wheels (15, 17) enabling it to be rolled along when used as a carrying case. The trailer wheels (11) may be detachably mounted to either side of the frame base (1). A towbar (20) may be detachably fixed to the frame base (1). | 1. A bicycle trailer comprising a framework, detachable wheels mounted to either side of the framework, and a cover configured to surround the framework, wherein the framework includes a plurality of telescopically connected members enabling the volume encompassed by the framework to be varied and the cover comprises a plurality of sheet members enabling the cover to be likewise expanded or reduced to match the volume encompassed by the framework, whereby the trailer may be used as a trailer towed behind a bicycle with the frame and cover surrounding a reduced volume for receiving items to be transported, or may be used as a carrying case configured to receive the wheels, frame and other components of a bicycle, together with the trailer wheels and a detachable towbar. 2. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 wherein the framework comprises a generally rectangular base frame, two or more arched members fixed to the frame and two sockets fixed either side of the base frame for the receipt of a trailer wheel. 3. The bicycle trailer according to claim 2 wherein the base frame includes a socket into which a towing bar may be inserted and locked therein. 4. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 wherein the external shell comprises one or more sections which may be deployed in an extended state when the trailer is being used as a carrying case to transport a bicycle and a partly folded relatively unextended state when the trailer is to be towed behind a bicycle. 5. The bicycle trailer according to claim 2 wherein the framework comprises two or more telescoping sections enabling the overall height and length of the framework to be extended sufficiently to accommodate a conventional bicycle frame, and which can be moved to a retracted position where they constitute members defining a reduced size interior space for receiving items which the user desires to transport when the trailer is being towed by the bicycle ridden by the user. 6. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 and comprising at least two wheels mounted underneath the framework and enabling the trailer to be moved with rotation of those wheels when configured as a carrying case. 7. The bicycle trailer according to claim 6 comprising four wheels mounted below the variable volume compartment, at least two of which are configured as castors. 8. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 and comprising a plurality of handles attached to the exterior of the cover. 9. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 wherein the cover comprises a plurality of sections of flexible waterproof or water resistant material and attached to the interior of the cover a plurality of rigid lightweight plates to provide impact resistance to the cover. | A bicycle trailer is disclosed which can be reconfigured to act as a bicycle transport unit. When the trailer is in use towed behind a bicycle, its internal volume for receiving items to be transported is too small to accommodate a bicycle, even if the bicycle is broken down into its major parts. In accordance with the invention, the trailer has an internal frame (1 to 7), parts of which can be telescopically arranged in others to enable the frame to be enlarged or reduced in size, and an external shell (35, 36, 40) with foldable sections. The base of the frame (1) may have wheels (15, 17) enabling it to be rolled along when used as a carrying case. The trailer wheels (11) may be detachably mounted to either side of the frame base (1). A towbar (20) may be detachably fixed to the frame base (1).1. A bicycle trailer comprising a framework, detachable wheels mounted to either side of the framework, and a cover configured to surround the framework, wherein the framework includes a plurality of telescopically connected members enabling the volume encompassed by the framework to be varied and the cover comprises a plurality of sheet members enabling the cover to be likewise expanded or reduced to match the volume encompassed by the framework, whereby the trailer may be used as a trailer towed behind a bicycle with the frame and cover surrounding a reduced volume for receiving items to be transported, or may be used as a carrying case configured to receive the wheels, frame and other components of a bicycle, together with the trailer wheels and a detachable towbar. 2. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 wherein the framework comprises a generally rectangular base frame, two or more arched members fixed to the frame and two sockets fixed either side of the base frame for the receipt of a trailer wheel. 3. The bicycle trailer according to claim 2 wherein the base frame includes a socket into which a towing bar may be inserted and locked therein. 4. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 wherein the external shell comprises one or more sections which may be deployed in an extended state when the trailer is being used as a carrying case to transport a bicycle and a partly folded relatively unextended state when the trailer is to be towed behind a bicycle. 5. The bicycle trailer according to claim 2 wherein the framework comprises two or more telescoping sections enabling the overall height and length of the framework to be extended sufficiently to accommodate a conventional bicycle frame, and which can be moved to a retracted position where they constitute members defining a reduced size interior space for receiving items which the user desires to transport when the trailer is being towed by the bicycle ridden by the user. 6. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 and comprising at least two wheels mounted underneath the framework and enabling the trailer to be moved with rotation of those wheels when configured as a carrying case. 7. The bicycle trailer according to claim 6 comprising four wheels mounted below the variable volume compartment, at least two of which are configured as castors. 8. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 and comprising a plurality of handles attached to the exterior of the cover. 9. The bicycle trailer according to claim 1 wherein the cover comprises a plurality of sections of flexible waterproof or water resistant material and attached to the interior of the cover a plurality of rigid lightweight plates to provide impact resistance to the cover. | 3,600 |
345,550 | 16,643,484 | 3,611 | A method and an apparatus for building a decision tree for packet classification are provided. According to an example of the present disclosure, a first type decision tree is generated by performing tree building for a classification rule set based on a non-template dimension of the classification rule set; a second type decision tree is generated by performing tree building for each leaf node in the first type decision tree based on a template dimension of the classification rule set; a plurality of leaf nodes that are mutually of the to each other in the first type decision tree are associated with a same second type decision tree. The plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other indicate that classification rule sets respectively included in the plurality of leaf nodes are SPSR to each other. | 1. A method of building a decision tree for packet classification, comprising:
generating a first type decision tree by performing tree building for a classification rule set based on a non-template dimension of the classification rule set; generating a second type decision tree by performing tree building for each leaf node in the first type decision tree based on a template dimension of the classification rule set; and associating a plurality of leaf nodes that are Same Pattern Sub Ruleset (SPSR) to each other in the first type decision tree with a same second type decision tree, wherein the plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other indicate that classification rule sets respectively included in the plurality of leaf nodes are SPSR to each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing tree building for the classification rule set based on the non-template dimension comprises:
when no classification rule in the classification rule set is matched based on the non-template dimension and a value of the non-template dimension, setting a classification rule which is included in a leaf node with no classification rule being matched, as a hole-filling rule; wherein, the hole-filling rule is lower in priority than classification rules in the classification rule set. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
when leaf nodes including a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other exist in the first type decision tree, deleting a classification rule subset with lower priority in the leaf nodes. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein associating a plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other in the first type decision tree with a same second type decision tree comprises:
dividing a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other in the plurality of leaf nodes to a same SPSR group; for each of the plurality of leaf nodes, establishing a mapping relationship among the leaf node, an identifier of the SPSR group and an index of the classification rule subset included in the leaf node in the SPSR group; and combining second type decision trees respectively corresponding to the plurality of leaf nodes into one second type decision tree, wherein a leaf node of the combined second type decision tree includes classification rules in the SPSR group. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
determining a first target leaf node corresponding to a packet to be classified in the first type decision tree by querying the first type decision tree; determining a target second type decision tree based on an identifier of a SPSR group stored in the first target leaf node; determining a second target leaf node corresponding to the packet to be classified in the target second type decision tree by querying the target second type decision tree; searching the second target leaf node for a classification rule based on an index in the SPSR group which is stored in the first target leaf node; and determining the searched classification rule as a classification rule matching the packet to be classified. 6. An apparatus for building a decision tree for packet classification, comprising:
a first tree-building unit configured to generate a first type decision tree by performing tree building for a classification rule set based on a non-template dimension of the classification rule set; a second tree-building unit configured to generate a second type decision tree by performing tree building for each leaf node in the first type decision tree based on a template dimension of the classification rule set; and a multiplexing unit configured to associate a plurality of leaf nodes that are Same Pattern Sub Ruleset (SPSR) to each other in the first type decision tree with a same second type decision tree, wherein the plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other indicate that classification rule sets respectively included in the plurality of leaf nodes are SPSR to each other. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first tree-building unit is further configured to:
when no classification rule in the classification rule set is matched based on the non-template dimension and a value of the non-template dimension, set a classification rule which is included in a leaf node with no classification rule being matched, as a hole-filling rule; wherein, the hole-filling rule is lower in priority than classification rules in the classification rule set. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second tree-building unit is further configured to:
when leaf nodes including a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other exist in the first type decision tree, delete a classification rule subset with lower priority in the leaf nodes. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the multiplexing unit is further configured to:
divide a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other in the plurality of leaf nodes to a same SPSR group; for each of the plurality of leaf nodes, establish a mapping relationship among the leaf node, an identifier of the SPSR group and an index of the classification rule subset included in the leaf node in the SPSR group; and combine second type decision trees respectively corresponding to the plurality of leaf nodes into one second type decision tree, wherein a leaf node of the combined second type decision tree includes classification rules in the SPSR group. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising
a querying unit configured to: determine a first target leaf node corresponding to a packet to be classified in the first type decision tree by querying the first type decision tree; determine a target second type decision tree based on an identifier of a SPSR group stored in the first target leaf node; determine a second target leaf node corresponding to the packet to be classified in the target second type decision tree by querying the target second type decision tree; search the second target leaf node for a classification rule based on an index in the SPSR group which is stored in the first target leaf node; and determine the searched classification rule as a classification rule matching the packet to be classified. 11. An apparatus for building a decision tree for packet classification, comprising:
a processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine executable instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is caused by the machine executable instructions to: generate a first type decision tree by performing tree building for a classification rule set based on a non-template dimension of the classification rule set; generate a second type decision tree by performing tree building for each leaf node in the first type decision tree based on a template dimension of the classification rule set; associate a plurality of leaf nodes that are Same Pattern Sub Ruleset (SPSR) to each other in the first type decision tree with a same second type decision tree, wherein the plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other indicate that classification rule sets respectively included in the plurality of leaf nodes are SPSR to each other. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to:
when no classification rule in the classification rule set is matched based on the non-template dimension and a value of the non-template dimension, set a classification rule which is included in a leaf node with no classification rule being matched, as a hole-filling rule; wherein, the hole-filling rule is lower in priority than classification rules in the classification rule set. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to:
when leaf nodes including a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other exist in the first type decision tree, delete a classification rule subset with lower priority in the leaf nodes. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to:
divide a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other in the plurality of leaf nodes to a same SPSR group; for each of the plurality of leaf nodes, establish a mapping relationship among the leaf node, an identifier of the SPSR group and an index of the classification rule subset included in the leaf node in the SPSR group; and combine second type decision trees respectively corresponding to the plurality of leaf nodes into one second type decision tree, wherein a leaf node of the combined second type decision tree includes classification rules in the SPSR group. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to:
determine a first target leaf node corresponding to a packet to be classified in the first type decision tree by querying the first type decision tree; determine a target second type decision tree based on the identifier of a SPSR group stored in the first target leaf node; determine a second target leaf node corresponding to the packet to be classified in the target second type decision tree by querying the target second type decision tree; search the second target leaf node for a classification rule in based on an index in the SPSR group which is stored in the first target leaf node; and determine the searched classification rule as a classification rule matching the packet to be classified. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein,
the apparatus further includes a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA); and the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to: distribute the first type decision tree and the second type decision tree to the FPGA so that the FPGA performs decision tree query | A method and an apparatus for building a decision tree for packet classification are provided. According to an example of the present disclosure, a first type decision tree is generated by performing tree building for a classification rule set based on a non-template dimension of the classification rule set; a second type decision tree is generated by performing tree building for each leaf node in the first type decision tree based on a template dimension of the classification rule set; a plurality of leaf nodes that are mutually of the to each other in the first type decision tree are associated with a same second type decision tree. The plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other indicate that classification rule sets respectively included in the plurality of leaf nodes are SPSR to each other.1. A method of building a decision tree for packet classification, comprising:
generating a first type decision tree by performing tree building for a classification rule set based on a non-template dimension of the classification rule set; generating a second type decision tree by performing tree building for each leaf node in the first type decision tree based on a template dimension of the classification rule set; and associating a plurality of leaf nodes that are Same Pattern Sub Ruleset (SPSR) to each other in the first type decision tree with a same second type decision tree, wherein the plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other indicate that classification rule sets respectively included in the plurality of leaf nodes are SPSR to each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing tree building for the classification rule set based on the non-template dimension comprises:
when no classification rule in the classification rule set is matched based on the non-template dimension and a value of the non-template dimension, setting a classification rule which is included in a leaf node with no classification rule being matched, as a hole-filling rule; wherein, the hole-filling rule is lower in priority than classification rules in the classification rule set. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
when leaf nodes including a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other exist in the first type decision tree, deleting a classification rule subset with lower priority in the leaf nodes. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein associating a plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other in the first type decision tree with a same second type decision tree comprises:
dividing a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other in the plurality of leaf nodes to a same SPSR group; for each of the plurality of leaf nodes, establishing a mapping relationship among the leaf node, an identifier of the SPSR group and an index of the classification rule subset included in the leaf node in the SPSR group; and combining second type decision trees respectively corresponding to the plurality of leaf nodes into one second type decision tree, wherein a leaf node of the combined second type decision tree includes classification rules in the SPSR group. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
determining a first target leaf node corresponding to a packet to be classified in the first type decision tree by querying the first type decision tree; determining a target second type decision tree based on an identifier of a SPSR group stored in the first target leaf node; determining a second target leaf node corresponding to the packet to be classified in the target second type decision tree by querying the target second type decision tree; searching the second target leaf node for a classification rule based on an index in the SPSR group which is stored in the first target leaf node; and determining the searched classification rule as a classification rule matching the packet to be classified. 6. An apparatus for building a decision tree for packet classification, comprising:
a first tree-building unit configured to generate a first type decision tree by performing tree building for a classification rule set based on a non-template dimension of the classification rule set; a second tree-building unit configured to generate a second type decision tree by performing tree building for each leaf node in the first type decision tree based on a template dimension of the classification rule set; and a multiplexing unit configured to associate a plurality of leaf nodes that are Same Pattern Sub Ruleset (SPSR) to each other in the first type decision tree with a same second type decision tree, wherein the plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other indicate that classification rule sets respectively included in the plurality of leaf nodes are SPSR to each other. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first tree-building unit is further configured to:
when no classification rule in the classification rule set is matched based on the non-template dimension and a value of the non-template dimension, set a classification rule which is included in a leaf node with no classification rule being matched, as a hole-filling rule; wherein, the hole-filling rule is lower in priority than classification rules in the classification rule set. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second tree-building unit is further configured to:
when leaf nodes including a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other exist in the first type decision tree, delete a classification rule subset with lower priority in the leaf nodes. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the multiplexing unit is further configured to:
divide a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other in the plurality of leaf nodes to a same SPSR group; for each of the plurality of leaf nodes, establish a mapping relationship among the leaf node, an identifier of the SPSR group and an index of the classification rule subset included in the leaf node in the SPSR group; and combine second type decision trees respectively corresponding to the plurality of leaf nodes into one second type decision tree, wherein a leaf node of the combined second type decision tree includes classification rules in the SPSR group. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising
a querying unit configured to: determine a first target leaf node corresponding to a packet to be classified in the first type decision tree by querying the first type decision tree; determine a target second type decision tree based on an identifier of a SPSR group stored in the first target leaf node; determine a second target leaf node corresponding to the packet to be classified in the target second type decision tree by querying the target second type decision tree; search the second target leaf node for a classification rule based on an index in the SPSR group which is stored in the first target leaf node; and determine the searched classification rule as a classification rule matching the packet to be classified. 11. An apparatus for building a decision tree for packet classification, comprising:
a processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine executable instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is caused by the machine executable instructions to: generate a first type decision tree by performing tree building for a classification rule set based on a non-template dimension of the classification rule set; generate a second type decision tree by performing tree building for each leaf node in the first type decision tree based on a template dimension of the classification rule set; associate a plurality of leaf nodes that are Same Pattern Sub Ruleset (SPSR) to each other in the first type decision tree with a same second type decision tree, wherein the plurality of leaf nodes that are SPSR to each other indicate that classification rule sets respectively included in the plurality of leaf nodes are SPSR to each other. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to:
when no classification rule in the classification rule set is matched based on the non-template dimension and a value of the non-template dimension, set a classification rule which is included in a leaf node with no classification rule being matched, as a hole-filling rule; wherein, the hole-filling rule is lower in priority than classification rules in the classification rule set. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to:
when leaf nodes including a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other exist in the first type decision tree, delete a classification rule subset with lower priority in the leaf nodes. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to:
divide a plurality of classification rule subsets that are SPSR to each other in the plurality of leaf nodes to a same SPSR group; for each of the plurality of leaf nodes, establish a mapping relationship among the leaf node, an identifier of the SPSR group and an index of the classification rule subset included in the leaf node in the SPSR group; and combine second type decision trees respectively corresponding to the plurality of leaf nodes into one second type decision tree, wherein a leaf node of the combined second type decision tree includes classification rules in the SPSR group. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to:
determine a first target leaf node corresponding to a packet to be classified in the first type decision tree by querying the first type decision tree; determine a target second type decision tree based on the identifier of a SPSR group stored in the first target leaf node; determine a second target leaf node corresponding to the packet to be classified in the target second type decision tree by querying the target second type decision tree; search the second target leaf node for a classification rule in based on an index in the SPSR group which is stored in the first target leaf node; and determine the searched classification rule as a classification rule matching the packet to be classified. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein,
the apparatus further includes a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA); and the processor is further caused by the machine executable instructions to: distribute the first type decision tree and the second type decision tree to the FPGA so that the FPGA performs decision tree query | 3,600 |
345,551 | 16,643,509 | 1,647 | Provided herein are polypeptide epitopes of aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-3-hydroxylase (“AABH”) as well as polyepitopes thereof. Also provided are antibodies that specifically bind these polypeptide epitopes and poly epitopes, as well as binding the aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-3-hydroxylase protein itself. The disclosure further provides methods of assaying for AABH polypeptide epitopes, cells expressing these polypeptide epitopes and the AABH protein. Also provided are methods of diagnosing cancer by the detection of AABH peptides and methods of treating cancer by targeting cells that express AABH. | 1. A method of making a hybridoma that produces antibodies against aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) comprising:
a) immunizing an animal with a polypeptide to elicit an immune response, wherein the polypeptide is selected from:
(i) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein immunizing comprises injecting the animal with the polypeptide a plurality of times over a plurality of weeks. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the B cells are isolated from the animal's spleen. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein immunizing comprises in vivo electroporation of the polypeptide. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein fusing comprises use of an electric field or exposure to polyethylene glycol. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
e) cloning the selected hybridoma cells. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
e) isolating monoclonal antibodies from the selected hybridoma cells. 8. A polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of: 9. The polypeptide of claim 8, in substantially pure form. 10. A polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of a fragment of a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 36, wherein the fragment is no more than 1, 2, 3 or 4 amino acids shorter than the polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 36. 11. A polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of:
SEQ ID NO: 38—AABH Fragment 1; or SEQ ID NO: 39—AABH Fragment 2. 12. A chimeric polyepitope comprising:
2, 3 or 4 polypeptides having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of: 13. The chimeric polyepitope of claim 11, consisting of, or consisting essentially of an amino acid sequence selected from: 14. A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a polypeptide of claim 8, or claim 10, or a chimeric polyepitope of claim 11. 15. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, that binds to aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”). 16. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is a humanized monoclonal antibody. 17. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is monospecific. 18. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is multispecific or bispecific. 19. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is a whole immunoglobulin. 20. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is an antibody fragment, e.g., selected from the group consisting of: Fab, F(ab′)2, Fab′ or single chain Fv. 21. A conjugated monoclonal antibody comprising a monoclonal antibody of claim 14, conjugated with a chemical moiety. 22. The conjugated antibody of claim 21, wherein the chemical moiety is a detectable label. 23. The conjugated antibody of claim 21, wherein the chemical moiety is chemotherapeutic or cytotoxic agent. 24. The conjugated antibody of claim 23, wherein the chemotherapeutic or cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of: alkylating agent, anti-metabolite, antibiotic, hydroxyurea, platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, taxane, bortezomib, lenalidomine, thalidomide and metanzinoid. 25. A composition comprising an adjuvant and a monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the composition is pharmaceutically acceptable. 27. An article comprising a monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24 affixed to a solid support 28. The article of claim 27, wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of a microtiter plate, an assay plate, an assay well, a nitrocellulose membrane, a bead, a dipstick, and a component of an elution column. 29. A kit comprising:
a) a container comprising a first monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24, and b) one or more of:
(i) a container comprising a second, different monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24,
(ii) an assay plate with or without antibody attached, and
(iii) reagents for performing an immunoassay. 30. The kit of claim 29, comprising:
(i) a container comprising a second, different monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24. 31. The kit of claim 30, wherein the second monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody comprises a detectable label. 32. The kit of claim 29, comprising:
(ii) an assay plate with or without antibody attached. 33. The kit of claim 29, comprising:
(iii) reagents for performing an immunoassay. 34. A complex comprising a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20, bound to a polypeptide selected from:
(i) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 36; (ii) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of a fragment of a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 36, wherein the fragment is no more than 1, 2, 3 or 4 amino acids shorter than the polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 36; (iii) a chimeric polyepitope comprising 2, 3 or 4 polypeptides having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 36, wherein the polypeptides are covalently connected through one or more linkers; and (iv) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of SEQ ID NO: 38—AABH Fragment 1 or SEQ ID NO: 39—AABH Fragment 2; and (v) AABH. 35. The complex of claim 34, wherein the polypeptide comprises a plurality of amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs. 1-36. 36. The complex of claim 34, wherein the polypeptide is aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”). 37. A method of making a hybridoma that produces antibodies against aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) comprising:
a) immunizing an animal with a polypeptide of claim 1 or polyepitope of claim 2 to elicit an immune response;
b) isolating B cells from the animal;
c) fusing the isolated B cells with HAT-sensitive myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cells; and
d) selecting HAT (hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine) tolerant hybridoma cells that produce antibodies that bind to the polypeptide. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein immunizing comprises injecting the animal with the polypeptide a plurality of times over a plurality of weeks. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the B cells are isolated from the animal's spleen. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein immunizing comprises in vivo electroporation of the polypeptide. 41. The method of claim 37, wherein fusing comprises use of an electric field or exposure to polyethylene glycol. 42. The method of claim 37, further comprising:
e) cloning the selected hybridoma cells. 43. The method of claim 37, further comprising:
e) isolating monoclonal antibodies from the selected hybridoma cells. 44. A method of eliciting antibodies in a mammalian subject comprising administering to the subject a polypeptide of claim 1 or a chimeric polyepitope of claim 11. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the mammalian subject is selected from mouse, rat, goat, sheep, primate, or human. 46. A hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20. 47. A nucleic acid molecule comprising an expression construct comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunoglobulin polypeptide of a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20. 48. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 47, comprising an expression construct comprising an expression control sequence operably linked to the nucleotide sequence. 49. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 48, that is comprised in an expression vector. 50. A host cell comprising one or more expression constructs, each expression construct comprising and expression control sequence operatively linked with a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunoglobulin chain of a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20. 51. The host cell of claim 50, wherein the host cell is selected from the group consisting of a fungal cell, an insect cell and a mammalian cell. 52. The host cell of claim 51, that is a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell. 53. A process for creating a monoclonal antibody comprising culturing a hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-24 or a host cell of claim 50. 54. A method comprising detecting aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) with an immunoassay that uses a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-24. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the immunoassay is an ELISA assay, a radioimmunoassay or a sandwich immunoassay. 56. A method of detecting aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) in a sample comprising contacting the sample with a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20, and detecting binding of the antibody to AABH. 57. A method of diagnosing cancer in a subject comprising contacting a biological sample from the subject with a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-24 and determining a quantitative measure of an amount of aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) in the sample, wherein an amount of AABH above a cutoff value, e.g., 3.6 ng/ml serum, indicates cancer. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the biological sample is selected from blood, serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), solid tissue, or biopsy. 59. The method of claim 57, wherein the cancer is selected from lung, liver, colon, pancreas, prostate, ovary, bile duct, and breast. 60. The method of claim 57, wherein the cancer is not detectable in the subject by imaging methods, e.g., selected from PET scan, MRI, X-ray, CAT-Scan and ultrasound. 61. The method of claim 57, wherein the method is capable of detecting one cancer cell in a background of 50,000 normal cells. 62. The method of claim 57, further comprising: administering a therapeutic intervention to the subject diagnosed with cancer. 63. A method of diagnosing cancer in a subject, the method comprising:
(a) providing a biological sample from the subject; (b) contacting the biological sample with a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-24; (c) measuring an amount of AABH in the sample based on binding of the antibody to AABH; (d) determining of the measure is greater than a cut off value, wherein a measure greater than the cut off value provides a diagnosis of cancer, and wherein the cut off value is based on measurements of AABH in a plurality of cancer positive samples and a plurality of cancer negative samples. 64. The method of claim 62, wherein the plurality of positive samples and the plurality of negative samples is each at least 10, at least 20, at least 50 or at least 100. 65. A method for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject, a monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24, or a composition according to either of claim 25 or 26. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein treatment comprises inhibiting metastasis. 67. A method for immunizing a subject against AABH comprising administering to the subject, one or more of the polypeptides or chimeric polyepitopes of claim 1 or claim 3. 68. The method of any of claim 65 or 67, wherein the administration is parenteral. 69. The method of any of claim 65 or 67, wherein the administration is intravenous. 70. A nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide or chimeric polyepitope of claim 1 or claim 3. 71. An expression vector comprising an expression control sequence operatively linked with a nucleic acid of claim 70. 72. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 71. 73. The host cell of claim 72, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell, e.g., a CHO cell. 74. A vaccine comprising one or a plurality of the polypeptides or chimeric polyepitopes of claim 1 or claim 3. 75. A method for determining the presence of a malignant cell in a tissue section, the method comprising:
(a) contacting the section with a monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24; and (b) testing for binding of the antibody to the surface of cells in the tissue section; wherein a cell whose surface is bound by the antibody is malignant. 76. A method for determining the presence of a malignant cell in a subject, the method comprising:
(a) administering to the subject a monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24 conjugated with a detectable moiety; and (b) detecting binding of the antibody to a cell in the subject by an imaging method; wherein detection of binding a cell indicates that the cell is malignant. 77. A method comprising:
(a) administering to a subject determined to have a level of AABH above a diagnostic cut off for cancer, a therapeutic intervention for the cancer. 78. The method of claim 77, wherein the level is determined from a blood sample from the subject. 79. The method of claim 77, wherein the diagnostic cut off is at least 0.25 ng/ml, 0.3 ng/ml or 0.3 ng/ml. 80. The method of claim 77, wherein the diagnostic cut off has a specificity of at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or at least 99.5%. 81. The method of claim 77, wherein the diagnostic cut off has a sensitivity of at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or at least 99.5%. 82. The method of claim 77, wherein the diagnostic cut off has a precision of at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or at least 99.5%. 83. The method of claim 77, wherein the therapeutic intervention comprises administration of chemotherapy, radiation therapy or immunotherapy. | Provided herein are polypeptide epitopes of aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-3-hydroxylase (“AABH”) as well as polyepitopes thereof. Also provided are antibodies that specifically bind these polypeptide epitopes and poly epitopes, as well as binding the aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-3-hydroxylase protein itself. The disclosure further provides methods of assaying for AABH polypeptide epitopes, cells expressing these polypeptide epitopes and the AABH protein. Also provided are methods of diagnosing cancer by the detection of AABH peptides and methods of treating cancer by targeting cells that express AABH.1. A method of making a hybridoma that produces antibodies against aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) comprising:
a) immunizing an animal with a polypeptide to elicit an immune response, wherein the polypeptide is selected from:
(i) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein immunizing comprises injecting the animal with the polypeptide a plurality of times over a plurality of weeks. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the B cells are isolated from the animal's spleen. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein immunizing comprises in vivo electroporation of the polypeptide. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein fusing comprises use of an electric field or exposure to polyethylene glycol. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
e) cloning the selected hybridoma cells. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
e) isolating monoclonal antibodies from the selected hybridoma cells. 8. A polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of: 9. The polypeptide of claim 8, in substantially pure form. 10. A polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of a fragment of a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 36, wherein the fragment is no more than 1, 2, 3 or 4 amino acids shorter than the polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 36. 11. A polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of:
SEQ ID NO: 38—AABH Fragment 1; or SEQ ID NO: 39—AABH Fragment 2. 12. A chimeric polyepitope comprising:
2, 3 or 4 polypeptides having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of: 13. The chimeric polyepitope of claim 11, consisting of, or consisting essentially of an amino acid sequence selected from: 14. A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a polypeptide of claim 8, or claim 10, or a chimeric polyepitope of claim 11. 15. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, that binds to aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”). 16. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is a humanized monoclonal antibody. 17. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is monospecific. 18. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is multispecific or bispecific. 19. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is a whole immunoglobulin. 20. The monoclonal antibody of claim 14, which is an antibody fragment, e.g., selected from the group consisting of: Fab, F(ab′)2, Fab′ or single chain Fv. 21. A conjugated monoclonal antibody comprising a monoclonal antibody of claim 14, conjugated with a chemical moiety. 22. The conjugated antibody of claim 21, wherein the chemical moiety is a detectable label. 23. The conjugated antibody of claim 21, wherein the chemical moiety is chemotherapeutic or cytotoxic agent. 24. The conjugated antibody of claim 23, wherein the chemotherapeutic or cytotoxic agent is selected from the group consisting of: alkylating agent, anti-metabolite, antibiotic, hydroxyurea, platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, taxane, bortezomib, lenalidomine, thalidomide and metanzinoid. 25. A composition comprising an adjuvant and a monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the composition is pharmaceutically acceptable. 27. An article comprising a monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24 affixed to a solid support 28. The article of claim 27, wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of a microtiter plate, an assay plate, an assay well, a nitrocellulose membrane, a bead, a dipstick, and a component of an elution column. 29. A kit comprising:
a) a container comprising a first monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24, and b) one or more of:
(i) a container comprising a second, different monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24,
(ii) an assay plate with or without antibody attached, and
(iii) reagents for performing an immunoassay. 30. The kit of claim 29, comprising:
(i) a container comprising a second, different monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24. 31. The kit of claim 30, wherein the second monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody comprises a detectable label. 32. The kit of claim 29, comprising:
(ii) an assay plate with or without antibody attached. 33. The kit of claim 29, comprising:
(iii) reagents for performing an immunoassay. 34. A complex comprising a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20, bound to a polypeptide selected from:
(i) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 36; (ii) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of a fragment of a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 36, wherein the fragment is no more than 1, 2, 3 or 4 amino acids shorter than the polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 36; (iii) a chimeric polyepitope comprising 2, 3 or 4 polypeptides having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of a polypeptide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 36, wherein the polypeptides are covalently connected through one or more linkers; and (iv) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of, or consisting essentially of SEQ ID NO: 38—AABH Fragment 1 or SEQ ID NO: 39—AABH Fragment 2; and (v) AABH. 35. The complex of claim 34, wherein the polypeptide comprises a plurality of amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs. 1-36. 36. The complex of claim 34, wherein the polypeptide is aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”). 37. A method of making a hybridoma that produces antibodies against aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) comprising:
a) immunizing an animal with a polypeptide of claim 1 or polyepitope of claim 2 to elicit an immune response;
b) isolating B cells from the animal;
c) fusing the isolated B cells with HAT-sensitive myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cells; and
d) selecting HAT (hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine) tolerant hybridoma cells that produce antibodies that bind to the polypeptide. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein immunizing comprises injecting the animal with the polypeptide a plurality of times over a plurality of weeks. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the B cells are isolated from the animal's spleen. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein immunizing comprises in vivo electroporation of the polypeptide. 41. The method of claim 37, wherein fusing comprises use of an electric field or exposure to polyethylene glycol. 42. The method of claim 37, further comprising:
e) cloning the selected hybridoma cells. 43. The method of claim 37, further comprising:
e) isolating monoclonal antibodies from the selected hybridoma cells. 44. A method of eliciting antibodies in a mammalian subject comprising administering to the subject a polypeptide of claim 1 or a chimeric polyepitope of claim 11. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the mammalian subject is selected from mouse, rat, goat, sheep, primate, or human. 46. A hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20. 47. A nucleic acid molecule comprising an expression construct comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunoglobulin polypeptide of a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20. 48. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 47, comprising an expression construct comprising an expression control sequence operably linked to the nucleotide sequence. 49. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 48, that is comprised in an expression vector. 50. A host cell comprising one or more expression constructs, each expression construct comprising and expression control sequence operatively linked with a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunoglobulin chain of a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20. 51. The host cell of claim 50, wherein the host cell is selected from the group consisting of a fungal cell, an insect cell and a mammalian cell. 52. The host cell of claim 51, that is a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell. 53. A process for creating a monoclonal antibody comprising culturing a hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-24 or a host cell of claim 50. 54. A method comprising detecting aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) with an immunoassay that uses a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-24. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the immunoassay is an ELISA assay, a radioimmunoassay or a sandwich immunoassay. 56. A method of detecting aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) in a sample comprising contacting the sample with a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-20, and detecting binding of the antibody to AABH. 57. A method of diagnosing cancer in a subject comprising contacting a biological sample from the subject with a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-24 and determining a quantitative measure of an amount of aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (“AABH”) in the sample, wherein an amount of AABH above a cutoff value, e.g., 3.6 ng/ml serum, indicates cancer. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the biological sample is selected from blood, serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), solid tissue, or biopsy. 59. The method of claim 57, wherein the cancer is selected from lung, liver, colon, pancreas, prostate, ovary, bile duct, and breast. 60. The method of claim 57, wherein the cancer is not detectable in the subject by imaging methods, e.g., selected from PET scan, MRI, X-ray, CAT-Scan and ultrasound. 61. The method of claim 57, wherein the method is capable of detecting one cancer cell in a background of 50,000 normal cells. 62. The method of claim 57, further comprising: administering a therapeutic intervention to the subject diagnosed with cancer. 63. A method of diagnosing cancer in a subject, the method comprising:
(a) providing a biological sample from the subject; (b) contacting the biological sample with a monoclonal antibody of any one of claims 14-24; (c) measuring an amount of AABH in the sample based on binding of the antibody to AABH; (d) determining of the measure is greater than a cut off value, wherein a measure greater than the cut off value provides a diagnosis of cancer, and wherein the cut off value is based on measurements of AABH in a plurality of cancer positive samples and a plurality of cancer negative samples. 64. The method of claim 62, wherein the plurality of positive samples and the plurality of negative samples is each at least 10, at least 20, at least 50 or at least 100. 65. A method for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject, a monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24, or a composition according to either of claim 25 or 26. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein treatment comprises inhibiting metastasis. 67. A method for immunizing a subject against AABH comprising administering to the subject, one or more of the polypeptides or chimeric polyepitopes of claim 1 or claim 3. 68. The method of any of claim 65 or 67, wherein the administration is parenteral. 69. The method of any of claim 65 or 67, wherein the administration is intravenous. 70. A nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide or chimeric polyepitope of claim 1 or claim 3. 71. An expression vector comprising an expression control sequence operatively linked with a nucleic acid of claim 70. 72. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 71. 73. The host cell of claim 72, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell, e.g., a CHO cell. 74. A vaccine comprising one or a plurality of the polypeptides or chimeric polyepitopes of claim 1 or claim 3. 75. A method for determining the presence of a malignant cell in a tissue section, the method comprising:
(a) contacting the section with a monoclonal antibody or conjugated monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24; and (b) testing for binding of the antibody to the surface of cells in the tissue section; wherein a cell whose surface is bound by the antibody is malignant. 76. A method for determining the presence of a malignant cell in a subject, the method comprising:
(a) administering to the subject a monoclonal antibody according to any one of claims 14-24 conjugated with a detectable moiety; and (b) detecting binding of the antibody to a cell in the subject by an imaging method; wherein detection of binding a cell indicates that the cell is malignant. 77. A method comprising:
(a) administering to a subject determined to have a level of AABH above a diagnostic cut off for cancer, a therapeutic intervention for the cancer. 78. The method of claim 77, wherein the level is determined from a blood sample from the subject. 79. The method of claim 77, wherein the diagnostic cut off is at least 0.25 ng/ml, 0.3 ng/ml or 0.3 ng/ml. 80. The method of claim 77, wherein the diagnostic cut off has a specificity of at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or at least 99.5%. 81. The method of claim 77, wherein the diagnostic cut off has a sensitivity of at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or at least 99.5%. 82. The method of claim 77, wherein the diagnostic cut off has a precision of at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or at least 99.5%. 83. The method of claim 77, wherein the therapeutic intervention comprises administration of chemotherapy, radiation therapy or immunotherapy. | 1,600 |
345,552 | 16,643,477 | 1,647 | A home appliance is provided. The home appliance includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) for individually displaying each of selected states of at least one function provided by the home appliance, and a processor for controlling, based on a user voice being inputted, the at least one LED so as to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized, and based on the voice recognition being completed, controlling the at least one LED so as to allow the at least one LED to be turned on according to the voice recognition. | 1. A home appliance comprising:
at least one light emitting diode (LED) for individually displaying each of selected states of at least one function provided by the home appliance; and a processor for controlling, based on a user voice being inputted, the at least one LED so as to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized, and based on the voice recognition being completed, controlling the at least one LED so as to allow the at least one LED to be turned on according to the voice recognition. 2. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a manipulation member for receiving selection of at least one function provided by the home appliance. 3. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the home appliance includes a plurality of LEDs including the at least one LED, and
the processor is configured to:
sequentially turn on at least two LEDs among the plurality of LEDs or flicker at least one LED among the plurality of LEDs so as to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized. 4. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
control the at least one LED to indicate an error state, a self-diagnosis state, or a software upgrade state of the home appliance. 5. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the home appliance is a washing machine, and
the at least one LED individually displays a selected state of at least one washing function. 6. The home appliance of claim 2, wherein the manipulation member is a jog wheel, and
the at least one LED is arranged in the form of surrounding the jog wheel. 7. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a communicator communicating with an external server for voice recognition, and wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit a voice signal corresponding to the inputted voice to the external server through the communicator and receive a voice recognition result from the external server. 8. The home appliance of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
control the at least one LED to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized while waiting for a voice recognition result from the external server. 9. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
based on a predetermined event occurring, initiate a voice recognition mode, and control the at least one LED to indicate that a voice recognition mode was initiated. 10. The home appliance of claim 9, wherein the predetermined event is an event wherein a user voice including a predetermined call word is inputted or an event wherein a specific button provided on the home appliance is selected. 11. The home appliance of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to:
control the at least one LED to indicate that the voice recognition mode was initiated by a lighting method different from a lighting method indicating that a voice is being recognized. 12. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a microphone, and wherein the processor is configured to:
based on a user voice being inputted through the microphone, control the at least one LED to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized. 13. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a speaker, and wherein the processor is configured to:
output voice guidance corresponding to the voice recognition through the speaker. 14. The home appliance of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
turn on LEDs in a number corresponding to the volume level of the speaker among the at least one LED. 15. A control method for a home appliance including at least one LED for individually displaying each of selected states of at least one function comprising:
based on a user voice being inputted, displaying that the inputted voice is being recognized by using the at least one LED; performing voice recognition; and based on the voice recognition being completed, controlling the at least one LED so as to allow the at least one LED to be turned on according to the voice recognition. | A home appliance is provided. The home appliance includes at least one light emitting diode (LED) for individually displaying each of selected states of at least one function provided by the home appliance, and a processor for controlling, based on a user voice being inputted, the at least one LED so as to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized, and based on the voice recognition being completed, controlling the at least one LED so as to allow the at least one LED to be turned on according to the voice recognition.1. A home appliance comprising:
at least one light emitting diode (LED) for individually displaying each of selected states of at least one function provided by the home appliance; and a processor for controlling, based on a user voice being inputted, the at least one LED so as to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized, and based on the voice recognition being completed, controlling the at least one LED so as to allow the at least one LED to be turned on according to the voice recognition. 2. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a manipulation member for receiving selection of at least one function provided by the home appliance. 3. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the home appliance includes a plurality of LEDs including the at least one LED, and
the processor is configured to:
sequentially turn on at least two LEDs among the plurality of LEDs or flicker at least one LED among the plurality of LEDs so as to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized. 4. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
control the at least one LED to indicate an error state, a self-diagnosis state, or a software upgrade state of the home appliance. 5. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the home appliance is a washing machine, and
the at least one LED individually displays a selected state of at least one washing function. 6. The home appliance of claim 2, wherein the manipulation member is a jog wheel, and
the at least one LED is arranged in the form of surrounding the jog wheel. 7. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a communicator communicating with an external server for voice recognition, and wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit a voice signal corresponding to the inputted voice to the external server through the communicator and receive a voice recognition result from the external server. 8. The home appliance of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
control the at least one LED to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized while waiting for a voice recognition result from the external server. 9. The home appliance of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
based on a predetermined event occurring, initiate a voice recognition mode, and control the at least one LED to indicate that a voice recognition mode was initiated. 10. The home appliance of claim 9, wherein the predetermined event is an event wherein a user voice including a predetermined call word is inputted or an event wherein a specific button provided on the home appliance is selected. 11. The home appliance of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to:
control the at least one LED to indicate that the voice recognition mode was initiated by a lighting method different from a lighting method indicating that a voice is being recognized. 12. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a microphone, and wherein the processor is configured to:
based on a user voice being inputted through the microphone, control the at least one LED to indicate that the inputted voice is being recognized. 13. The home appliance of claim 1, further comprising:
a speaker, and wherein the processor is configured to:
output voice guidance corresponding to the voice recognition through the speaker. 14. The home appliance of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
turn on LEDs in a number corresponding to the volume level of the speaker among the at least one LED. 15. A control method for a home appliance including at least one LED for individually displaying each of selected states of at least one function comprising:
based on a user voice being inputted, displaying that the inputted voice is being recognized by using the at least one LED; performing voice recognition; and based on the voice recognition being completed, controlling the at least one LED so as to allow the at least one LED to be turned on according to the voice recognition. | 1,600 |
345,553 | 16,643,481 | 1,647 | The invention relates to a securing method, comprising the following Steps: providing an optical waveguide made of a material with a first melting temperature, wherein a sensor region of the optical waveguide has at least one integrated temperature sensor element; providing a capillary made of a material with a second melting temperature, in such a way that the capillary surrounds at least regions of the sensor region of the optical waveguide, and that a securing region of the capillary is arranged at a distance from the sensor region, wherein the second melting temperature is lower than the first melting temperature, wherein the temperature sensor element is arranged in an end region of the optical waveguide, and the end region is inserted into the capillary; securing the securing region of the capillary to the optical waveguide, involving a heating of the securing region of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature; and heating the free end of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature. A temperature sensor comprising an optical waveguide with at least one integrated temperature sensor element can be obtained with the method. A securing device comprises an Insertion region for the capillary, a detector and a heating region. The securing device can be used for carrying out the method. | 1. A securing method, comprising:
providing an optical waveguide made of a material with a first melting temperature, wherein a sensor region of the optical waveguide comprises at least one integrated temperature sensor element; providing a capillary made of a material with a second melting temperature in such a way that the capillary surrounds at least regions of the sensor region of the optical waveguide, and that a securing region of the capillary is arranged at a distance from the sensor region, wherein the second melting temperature is lower than the first melting temperature, wherein the temperature sensor element is arranged in an end region of the optical waveguide, and the end region is inserted into the capillary so that an end of the capillary is exposed; securing the securing region of the capillary to the optical waveguide, involving a heating of the securing region of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature; heating the exposed end of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature. 2. The securing method according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature is lower than the first melting temperature. 3. The securing method according to claim 1, wherein the securing comprises:
heating the securing region to the heating temperature for a predetermined period of time; and allowing the securing region to cool down. 4. The securing method according to claim 1, wherein the securing comprises:
heating the securing region to the heating temperature, wherein the heating temperature is equal to or higher than the first melting temperature, for a predetermined duration of time, wherein the predetermined duration of time is selected such that the material of the optical waveguide during securing is heated to a temperature that is lower than the first melting temperature; and allowing the securing region to cool down. 5. The securing method according to claim 3, wherein the securing further comprises:
temporarily fixing the securing region relative to at least the axial direction of the optical waveguide prior to heating; and after allowing to cool down, the fixing is released. 6. The securing method according to claim 3,
wherein the predetermined duration of time is at least so long that at a given diameter, a given material thickness and a given elongation of the securing region in the axial direction, the material of the capillary melts in the securing region, and wherein the predetermined duration of time is at maximum so long that the material of the optical waveguide remains in the non-molten state. 7. The securing method according to claim 3,
wherein the predetermined duration of time is at maximum so long that a region of the capillary surrounding the sensor region of the optical waveguide remains in the non-molten state. 8. The securing method according to claim 1,
wherein the securing region of the capillary is provided to be circumferential around an axis of the capillary, and wherein, after securing, the securing region circumferentially abuts against the peripheral surface of the optical waveguide in at least one manner selected from the group consisting of a friction-fit manner and/a circumferentially sealing manner. 9. The securing method according to claim 1,
wherein the securing region of the capillary has at least one axial elongation which is suitable to withstand a predetermined force in the axial direction between the capillary and the optical waveguide after securing. 10. A securing device, comprising:
an insertion region for the capillary surrounding a sensor region of an optical waveguide at least in regions, wherein the capillary comprises a securing region that can be arranged at a distance from the sensor region of the optical waveguide; a detector configured to detect a marking on the capillary which is provided on the capillary in order to indicate the securing region of the capillary; a heating region configured to heat the securing region of the capillary. 11. Use of a securing device,
the securing device, comprising: an insertion region for the capillary surrounding a sensor region of an optical waveguide at least in regions, wherein the capillary comprises a securing region that can be arranged at a distance from the sensor region of the optical waveguide; a detector configured to detect a marking on the capillary which is provided on the capillary in order to indicate the securing region of the capillary; and a heating region configured to heat the securing region of the capillary, for carrying out a securing method, the securing method, comprising: providing an optical waveguide made of a material with a first melting temperature, wherein a sensor region of the optical waveguide comprises at least one integrated temperature sensor element; providing a capillary made of a material with a second melting temperature in such a way that the capillary surrounds at least regions of the sensor region of the optical waveguide, and that a securing region of the capillary is arranged at a distance from the sensor region, wherein the second melting temperature is lower than the first melting temperature, wherein the temperature sensor element is arranged in an end region of the optical waveguide, and the end region is inserted into the capillary so that an end of the capillary is exposed; securing the securing region of the capillary to the optical waveguide, involving a heating of the securing region of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature; heating the exposed end of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature. 12. A temperature sensor, comprising an optical waveguide having at least one integrated temperature sensor element, wherein the temperature sensor can be obtained by a securing method, the securing method, comprising:
providing an optical waveguide made of a material with a first melting temperature, wherein a sensor region of the optical waveguide comprises at least one integrated temperature sensor element; providing a capillary made of a material with a second melting temperature in such a way that the capillary surrounds at least regions of the sensor region of the optical waveguide, and that a securing region of the capillary is arranged at a distance from the sensor region, wherein the second melting temperature is lower than the first melting temperature, wherein the temperature sensor element is arranged in an end region of the optical waveguide, and the end region is inserted into the capillary so that an end of the capillary is exposed; securing the securing region of the capillary to the optical waveguide, involving a heating of the securing region of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature; heating the exposed end of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature. 13. The securing device of claim 10, wherein the heating region is configured to heat the securing region of the capillary automatically for a predetermined duration of time when the detector detects the marking. | The invention relates to a securing method, comprising the following Steps: providing an optical waveguide made of a material with a first melting temperature, wherein a sensor region of the optical waveguide has at least one integrated temperature sensor element; providing a capillary made of a material with a second melting temperature, in such a way that the capillary surrounds at least regions of the sensor region of the optical waveguide, and that a securing region of the capillary is arranged at a distance from the sensor region, wherein the second melting temperature is lower than the first melting temperature, wherein the temperature sensor element is arranged in an end region of the optical waveguide, and the end region is inserted into the capillary; securing the securing region of the capillary to the optical waveguide, involving a heating of the securing region of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature; and heating the free end of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature. A temperature sensor comprising an optical waveguide with at least one integrated temperature sensor element can be obtained with the method. A securing device comprises an Insertion region for the capillary, a detector and a heating region. The securing device can be used for carrying out the method.1. A securing method, comprising:
providing an optical waveguide made of a material with a first melting temperature, wherein a sensor region of the optical waveguide comprises at least one integrated temperature sensor element; providing a capillary made of a material with a second melting temperature in such a way that the capillary surrounds at least regions of the sensor region of the optical waveguide, and that a securing region of the capillary is arranged at a distance from the sensor region, wherein the second melting temperature is lower than the first melting temperature, wherein the temperature sensor element is arranged in an end region of the optical waveguide, and the end region is inserted into the capillary so that an end of the capillary is exposed; securing the securing region of the capillary to the optical waveguide, involving a heating of the securing region of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature; heating the exposed end of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature. 2. The securing method according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature is lower than the first melting temperature. 3. The securing method according to claim 1, wherein the securing comprises:
heating the securing region to the heating temperature for a predetermined period of time; and allowing the securing region to cool down. 4. The securing method according to claim 1, wherein the securing comprises:
heating the securing region to the heating temperature, wherein the heating temperature is equal to or higher than the first melting temperature, for a predetermined duration of time, wherein the predetermined duration of time is selected such that the material of the optical waveguide during securing is heated to a temperature that is lower than the first melting temperature; and allowing the securing region to cool down. 5. The securing method according to claim 3, wherein the securing further comprises:
temporarily fixing the securing region relative to at least the axial direction of the optical waveguide prior to heating; and after allowing to cool down, the fixing is released. 6. The securing method according to claim 3,
wherein the predetermined duration of time is at least so long that at a given diameter, a given material thickness and a given elongation of the securing region in the axial direction, the material of the capillary melts in the securing region, and wherein the predetermined duration of time is at maximum so long that the material of the optical waveguide remains in the non-molten state. 7. The securing method according to claim 3,
wherein the predetermined duration of time is at maximum so long that a region of the capillary surrounding the sensor region of the optical waveguide remains in the non-molten state. 8. The securing method according to claim 1,
wherein the securing region of the capillary is provided to be circumferential around an axis of the capillary, and wherein, after securing, the securing region circumferentially abuts against the peripheral surface of the optical waveguide in at least one manner selected from the group consisting of a friction-fit manner and/a circumferentially sealing manner. 9. The securing method according to claim 1,
wherein the securing region of the capillary has at least one axial elongation which is suitable to withstand a predetermined force in the axial direction between the capillary and the optical waveguide after securing. 10. A securing device, comprising:
an insertion region for the capillary surrounding a sensor region of an optical waveguide at least in regions, wherein the capillary comprises a securing region that can be arranged at a distance from the sensor region of the optical waveguide; a detector configured to detect a marking on the capillary which is provided on the capillary in order to indicate the securing region of the capillary; a heating region configured to heat the securing region of the capillary. 11. Use of a securing device,
the securing device, comprising: an insertion region for the capillary surrounding a sensor region of an optical waveguide at least in regions, wherein the capillary comprises a securing region that can be arranged at a distance from the sensor region of the optical waveguide; a detector configured to detect a marking on the capillary which is provided on the capillary in order to indicate the securing region of the capillary; and a heating region configured to heat the securing region of the capillary, for carrying out a securing method, the securing method, comprising: providing an optical waveguide made of a material with a first melting temperature, wherein a sensor region of the optical waveguide comprises at least one integrated temperature sensor element; providing a capillary made of a material with a second melting temperature in such a way that the capillary surrounds at least regions of the sensor region of the optical waveguide, and that a securing region of the capillary is arranged at a distance from the sensor region, wherein the second melting temperature is lower than the first melting temperature, wherein the temperature sensor element is arranged in an end region of the optical waveguide, and the end region is inserted into the capillary so that an end of the capillary is exposed; securing the securing region of the capillary to the optical waveguide, involving a heating of the securing region of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature; heating the exposed end of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature. 12. A temperature sensor, comprising an optical waveguide having at least one integrated temperature sensor element, wherein the temperature sensor can be obtained by a securing method, the securing method, comprising:
providing an optical waveguide made of a material with a first melting temperature, wherein a sensor region of the optical waveguide comprises at least one integrated temperature sensor element; providing a capillary made of a material with a second melting temperature in such a way that the capillary surrounds at least regions of the sensor region of the optical waveguide, and that a securing region of the capillary is arranged at a distance from the sensor region, wherein the second melting temperature is lower than the first melting temperature, wherein the temperature sensor element is arranged in an end region of the optical waveguide, and the end region is inserted into the capillary so that an end of the capillary is exposed; securing the securing region of the capillary to the optical waveguide, involving a heating of the securing region of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature; heating the exposed end of the capillary to a heating temperature that is equal to or higher than the second melting temperature. 13. The securing device of claim 10, wherein the heating region is configured to heat the securing region of the capillary automatically for a predetermined duration of time when the detector detects the marking. | 1,600 |
345,554 | 16,643,467 | 1,647 | A control device is protected from a threat which may occur with the advance of networking or incorporation of intelligence. A security monitoring device that can be externally attached to the control device having a program execution portion that executes a program produced in accordance with a control target includes a communication port for connection with the control device. When it is detected from a content of communication that a security event is generated in access from outside to the control device, a notification is provided to a notification destination corresponding to the generated security event. The security event includes an event that does not conform to a predetermined rule. | 1. A security monitoring device that can be externally attached to a control device having a program execution module that executes a program produced in accordance with a control target, the security monitoring device comprising:
a communication port for connection with the control device; a detection module that determines whether or not a security event is generated in access from outside to the control device, from a content of communication; and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of generation of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the generated security event, the security event including an event that does not conform to a predetermined rule. 2. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the content of communication includes state information indicating a state of the control device received from the control device. 3. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein
the security event includes any of
a behavior and an action that stop operation of the control device or degrade performance of the control device,
a behavior and an action that stop processing for executing the program or degrade performance of the program in the control device, and
a behavior and an action that stop operation of the control target or degrade performance of the control target. 4. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the security event includes that any of a network address, a physical address, and a port number of a data transmission destination or a data transmission source is not included in a predetermined list for permitted access, or is included in a predetermined list for prohibited access. 5. The security monitoring device according to claim 4, further comprising a network interface for network connection, wherein
data includes data received from the network and data transmitted from the control device to the network. 6. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein
the control device further has a port for network connection, and the security event includes that, when the port is disabled, the port is network-connected. 7. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the security event includes that user authentication required when accessing the control device from the outside fails. 8. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the security event includes that a support device capable of developing the program to be executed in the control device is connected to the control device. 9. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the security event includes that any of addition and change of the program to be executed in the control device and change of setting in the control device occurs. 10. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the notification module provides an event notification about generation of the security event through a network. 11. The security monitoring device according to claim 10, wherein an alert module arranged on the network starts alert operation upon receiving the event notification from the notification module. | A control device is protected from a threat which may occur with the advance of networking or incorporation of intelligence. A security monitoring device that can be externally attached to the control device having a program execution portion that executes a program produced in accordance with a control target includes a communication port for connection with the control device. When it is detected from a content of communication that a security event is generated in access from outside to the control device, a notification is provided to a notification destination corresponding to the generated security event. The security event includes an event that does not conform to a predetermined rule.1. A security monitoring device that can be externally attached to a control device having a program execution module that executes a program produced in accordance with a control target, the security monitoring device comprising:
a communication port for connection with the control device; a detection module that determines whether or not a security event is generated in access from outside to the control device, from a content of communication; and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of generation of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the generated security event, the security event including an event that does not conform to a predetermined rule. 2. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the content of communication includes state information indicating a state of the control device received from the control device. 3. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein
the security event includes any of
a behavior and an action that stop operation of the control device or degrade performance of the control device,
a behavior and an action that stop processing for executing the program or degrade performance of the program in the control device, and
a behavior and an action that stop operation of the control target or degrade performance of the control target. 4. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the security event includes that any of a network address, a physical address, and a port number of a data transmission destination or a data transmission source is not included in a predetermined list for permitted access, or is included in a predetermined list for prohibited access. 5. The security monitoring device according to claim 4, further comprising a network interface for network connection, wherein
data includes data received from the network and data transmitted from the control device to the network. 6. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein
the control device further has a port for network connection, and the security event includes that, when the port is disabled, the port is network-connected. 7. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the security event includes that user authentication required when accessing the control device from the outside fails. 8. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the security event includes that a support device capable of developing the program to be executed in the control device is connected to the control device. 9. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the security event includes that any of addition and change of the program to be executed in the control device and change of setting in the control device occurs. 10. The security monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the notification module provides an event notification about generation of the security event through a network. 11. The security monitoring device according to claim 10, wherein an alert module arranged on the network starts alert operation upon receiving the event notification from the notification module. | 1,600 |
345,555 | 16,643,480 | 1,647 | Terminal apparatus are configured to monitor one or more transmission links from one or more transmitters and use the information to determine a link quality estimate. The link quality estimate is then for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver or for determining an installation location and orientation of a terminal for transmission to a receiver or reception from a transmitter. Link quality estimates may be obtained by monitoring multiple satellites including global navigation system satellites, and may comprise estimating a spatial map. The link quality estimates may also be used to schedule transmissions to maximize probability of reception. | 1. A method for estimating link quality in a communication system, the method comprising:
monitoring one or more transmission links from one or more transmitters; determining a link quality estimate; and using the link quality estimate for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver or for determining one or both of an installation location and orientation of a terminal for transmission to a receiver or reception from a transmitter. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises:
determining, by a terminal, a link quality estimate based upon the expected receive signal strength for a transmission from the terminal to a receiver, wherein the expected receive signal strength is estimated using an estimate of a terminal transmitter power, a receiver gain, and a path loss based on an estimate of a link distance between the terminal and the receiver. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises:
determining the expected receive signal strength for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver, wherein the expected receive signal strength is estimated using an estimate of the transmitter power, receiver gain, and path loss based on an estimate of a link distance;
obtaining an estimate of the observed receive signal strength at the receiver; and
estimating a link quality estimate based on the difference between the expected receive signal strength and observed receive signal strength. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining a link quality estimate is estimated using a plurality of feedback messages from a receiver for a plurality of transmissions from a transmitter to a receiver when the receiver is within a predefined spatial region. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining a link quality estimate is a spatial relative link quality estimate obtained comparing one or more parameters of a reference link between a terminal and a receiver for a plurality of locations of the receiver. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises calculating a link quality estimate spatial summary. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises combining a plurality of link quality estimates. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the plurality of link quality estimates are each link quality estimates between a terminal and one of a plurality of satellites and combining the plurality of link quality estimates comprises obtaining an aggregated link quality estimate when each satellite is within a predefined spatial region. 9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein combining a plurality of link quality estimates comprises combining a plurality of link quality estimates over a historical time period. 10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein combining a plurality of link quality estimates is performed by a receiver and comprises combining a plurality of link quality estimates between the receiver and each of a plurality of terminals and feedback information is provided to the plurality of terminals. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a link quality estimate is distributed between a terminal and a component external to the terminal, which provides feedback information to the terminal. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises:
performing a plurality of measurements of received signal strength from one or more transmitters at a terminal location; and providing the plurality of measurements as input to a model which returns a link quality estimate. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the terminal location is an installation location. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the measurements are made by an apparatus external to the terminal and the link quality estimate is provided to the terminal. 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication system is a satellite communication system and comprises at least one satellite and a plurality of terminals. 16. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein monitoring one or more transmission links from one or more transmitters comprises monitoring one or more transmissions from one or more satellites in a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). 17. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more transmission parameters comprises one or more of transmit time, duration, data rate, power, frequency, or in the case of a plurality of transmit antennas, which antenna or which combination of antennas to use for transmission. 18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein using the link quality estimate for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver comprises scheduling multiple redundant transmissions for each of one or more messages across one or more satellite passes using probabilities of success determined using the link quality estimate. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein scheduling multiple redundant transmissions further comprises queuing one or more message packets for transmission such that queue priority is based on probability of success determined using the link quality estimate for each transmission. 20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein message packets are queued such that those with lowest likelihood of success are given the best opportunity for redundant replication in the queue and transmission. 21. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein scheduling comprises multiple redundant transmissions is performed using an optimization method, in which transmit times are restricted to a discrete grid with spacing W over a time interval T. 22. The method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the time interval is T=[now−L, now+L], where L is a latency time period. 23. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising transmitting one or more messages based on a schedule determined using the link quality estimate. 24. A terminal apparatus comprising an antenna, a transmitter, a receiver, at least one processor, and a memory comprising instructions to configure the at least one processor to estimate link quality by:
monitoring one of more transmission links from one or more other transmitters; determining a link quality estimate; and using the link quality estimate for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from the terminal apparatus to another receiver or for determining one or both of an installation location and orientation of the terminal apparatus for transmission to another receiver or reception from another transmitter. 25. A communication system, comprising:
a plurality of terminals, each terminal comprising an antenna, a transmitter, a receiver, at least one processor, and a memory; and a core network comprising a plurality of access nodes configured to wirelessly communicate with the plurality of terminals, and a scheduler apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory comprising instructions to configure the at least one processor to receive a plurality of transmission link measurements from one or more terminals in the plurality of terminals via the plurality of access nodes, and to determine a link quality estimate for a first terminal in the plurality of terminals, and send one or more transmission parameters to the first terminal or to determine a one or both of an installation location and orientation of the first terminal. 26. The system as claimed in claim 25 wherein the plurality of access nodes comprises a plurality of satellite access nodes. 27. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions for causing a processor to:
monitor one or more transmission links from one or more transmitters; determine a link quality estimate; and use the link quality estimate for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver or for determining one or both of an installation location and orientation of a terminal for transmission to a receiver or reception from a transmitter. | Terminal apparatus are configured to monitor one or more transmission links from one or more transmitters and use the information to determine a link quality estimate. The link quality estimate is then for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver or for determining an installation location and orientation of a terminal for transmission to a receiver or reception from a transmitter. Link quality estimates may be obtained by monitoring multiple satellites including global navigation system satellites, and may comprise estimating a spatial map. The link quality estimates may also be used to schedule transmissions to maximize probability of reception.1. A method for estimating link quality in a communication system, the method comprising:
monitoring one or more transmission links from one or more transmitters; determining a link quality estimate; and using the link quality estimate for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver or for determining one or both of an installation location and orientation of a terminal for transmission to a receiver or reception from a transmitter. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises:
determining, by a terminal, a link quality estimate based upon the expected receive signal strength for a transmission from the terminal to a receiver, wherein the expected receive signal strength is estimated using an estimate of a terminal transmitter power, a receiver gain, and a path loss based on an estimate of a link distance between the terminal and the receiver. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises:
determining the expected receive signal strength for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver, wherein the expected receive signal strength is estimated using an estimate of the transmitter power, receiver gain, and path loss based on an estimate of a link distance;
obtaining an estimate of the observed receive signal strength at the receiver; and
estimating a link quality estimate based on the difference between the expected receive signal strength and observed receive signal strength. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining a link quality estimate is estimated using a plurality of feedback messages from a receiver for a plurality of transmissions from a transmitter to a receiver when the receiver is within a predefined spatial region. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining a link quality estimate is a spatial relative link quality estimate obtained comparing one or more parameters of a reference link between a terminal and a receiver for a plurality of locations of the receiver. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises calculating a link quality estimate spatial summary. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises combining a plurality of link quality estimates. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the plurality of link quality estimates are each link quality estimates between a terminal and one of a plurality of satellites and combining the plurality of link quality estimates comprises obtaining an aggregated link quality estimate when each satellite is within a predefined spatial region. 9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein combining a plurality of link quality estimates comprises combining a plurality of link quality estimates over a historical time period. 10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein combining a plurality of link quality estimates is performed by a receiver and comprises combining a plurality of link quality estimates between the receiver and each of a plurality of terminals and feedback information is provided to the plurality of terminals. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a link quality estimate is distributed between a terminal and a component external to the terminal, which provides feedback information to the terminal. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a link quality estimate comprises:
performing a plurality of measurements of received signal strength from one or more transmitters at a terminal location; and providing the plurality of measurements as input to a model which returns a link quality estimate. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the terminal location is an installation location. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the measurements are made by an apparatus external to the terminal and the link quality estimate is provided to the terminal. 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication system is a satellite communication system and comprises at least one satellite and a plurality of terminals. 16. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein monitoring one or more transmission links from one or more transmitters comprises monitoring one or more transmissions from one or more satellites in a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). 17. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more transmission parameters comprises one or more of transmit time, duration, data rate, power, frequency, or in the case of a plurality of transmit antennas, which antenna or which combination of antennas to use for transmission. 18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein using the link quality estimate for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver comprises scheduling multiple redundant transmissions for each of one or more messages across one or more satellite passes using probabilities of success determined using the link quality estimate. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein scheduling multiple redundant transmissions further comprises queuing one or more message packets for transmission such that queue priority is based on probability of success determined using the link quality estimate for each transmission. 20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein message packets are queued such that those with lowest likelihood of success are given the best opportunity for redundant replication in the queue and transmission. 21. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein scheduling comprises multiple redundant transmissions is performed using an optimization method, in which transmit times are restricted to a discrete grid with spacing W over a time interval T. 22. The method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the time interval is T=[now−L, now+L], where L is a latency time period. 23. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising transmitting one or more messages based on a schedule determined using the link quality estimate. 24. A terminal apparatus comprising an antenna, a transmitter, a receiver, at least one processor, and a memory comprising instructions to configure the at least one processor to estimate link quality by:
monitoring one of more transmission links from one or more other transmitters; determining a link quality estimate; and using the link quality estimate for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from the terminal apparatus to another receiver or for determining one or both of an installation location and orientation of the terminal apparatus for transmission to another receiver or reception from another transmitter. 25. A communication system, comprising:
a plurality of terminals, each terminal comprising an antenna, a transmitter, a receiver, at least one processor, and a memory; and a core network comprising a plurality of access nodes configured to wirelessly communicate with the plurality of terminals, and a scheduler apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory comprising instructions to configure the at least one processor to receive a plurality of transmission link measurements from one or more terminals in the plurality of terminals via the plurality of access nodes, and to determine a link quality estimate for a first terminal in the plurality of terminals, and send one or more transmission parameters to the first terminal or to determine a one or both of an installation location and orientation of the first terminal. 26. The system as claimed in claim 25 wherein the plurality of access nodes comprises a plurality of satellite access nodes. 27. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions for causing a processor to:
monitor one or more transmission links from one or more transmitters; determine a link quality estimate; and use the link quality estimate for determining one or more transmission parameters for a transmission from a transmitter to a receiver or for determining one or both of an installation location and orientation of a terminal for transmission to a receiver or reception from a transmitter. | 1,600 |
345,556 | 16,643,497 | 2,855 | A separation type multiphase flow meter apparatus (10) comprising a separation module (18) arranged to at least partially separate a multiphase stream comprising water, hydrocarbon liquid and hydrocarbon gas into a first sub-stream comprising a gas fraction and a second sub-stream comprising a liquid fraction. The apparatus comprises a first metering device (16) for measuring the flow rate of the first sub-stream, and a second metering device (17) for measuring the phase fraction and the flow rate of the second sub-stream, wherein the second metering device is arranged to measure the water-in-liquid ratio (WLR) of the second sub-stream, wherein the apparatus is arranged to use the WLR measured by the second metering device as a measure also for the WLR of the first sub-stream, and wherein the cross-sectional flow area of the first metering device is larger than the cross-sectional flow area of the second metering device. | 1. A separation type multiphase flow meter apparatus comprising:
a separation module arranged to at least partially separate a multiphase stream comprising water, hydrocarbon liquid and hydrocarbon gas into a first sub-stream comprising a gas fraction and a second sub-stream comprising a liquid fraction; a first metering device for measuring a flow rate of the first sub-stream; and a second metering device for measuring a phase fraction and a flow rate of the second sub-stream;
wherein the second metering device is arranged to measure a water-in-liquid ratio (WLR) of the second sub-stream;
wherein the apparatus is arranged to use the water-in-liquid ratio (WLR) measured by the second metering device as a measure for a water-in-liquid ratio (WLR) of the first sub-stream; and
wherein a cross-sectional flow area of the first metering device is larger than a cross-sectional flow area of the second metering device. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-stream comprises a gas fraction and a liquid fraction and the first metering device is arranged to measure the gas and liquid flow rates of the first sub-stream. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second metering devices are arranged to acquire multiphase and wet gas measurements within a gas-volume-fraction (GVF) range of 0-100%. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first metering device is a dual-phase meter and the second metering device is an electromagnetic, microwave type multiphase meter. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the separation module comprises:
an inlet conduit having an inlet configured to receive the multiphase stream; a first measuring conduit configured to receive from the inlet conduit said first sub-stream, the first metering device being arranged in the first measuring conduit; a second measuring conduit configured to receive from the inlet conduit said second sub-stream, the second metering device being arranged in the second measuring conduit; and an outlet conduit configured to receive the first sub-stream from the first measuring conduit and the second sub-stream from the second measuring conduit and to output at an outlet the re-joined multiphase stream,
wherein the first measuring conduit extends orthogonally or substantially orthogonally from the inlet conduit and wherein, when the apparatus is in operation, the inlet conduit is configured to have a horizontal or substantially horizontal orientation and the first measuring conduit is configured to extend vertically upwardly or substantially vertically upwardly from the inlet conduit, thereby allowing the first sub-stream to be conveyed vertically upwardly or substantially vertically upwardly in the first measuring conduit and the second sub-stream to be conveyed horizontally or substantially horizontally in the inlet conduit downstream of the first measuring conduit. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second measuring conduit extends orthogonally or substantially orthogonally from the inlet conduit and co-planar with and downstream of the first measuring conduit. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the outlet conduit is arranged in parallel with the inlet conduit. 8. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the inlet conduit, the outlet conduit, the first measuring conduit and the second measuring conduit are made from subsea piping elements. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the separation module comprises an inlet conduit, an outlet conduit and first and second measuring conduits arranged side by side between and in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet conduits, wherein the first metering device is arranged in the first measuring conduit, which forms a conduit path for the first sub-stream, and wherein the second metering device is arranged in the second measuring conduit, which forms a conduit path for the second sub-stream. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the inlet conduit and the outlet conduit have a generally horizontal orientation, and wherein the first and second measuring conduits have a generally vertical orientation when the apparatus is in use. 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the inlet and outlet conduits and the first and second measuring conduits are made from subsea piping elements. | A separation type multiphase flow meter apparatus (10) comprising a separation module (18) arranged to at least partially separate a multiphase stream comprising water, hydrocarbon liquid and hydrocarbon gas into a first sub-stream comprising a gas fraction and a second sub-stream comprising a liquid fraction. The apparatus comprises a first metering device (16) for measuring the flow rate of the first sub-stream, and a second metering device (17) for measuring the phase fraction and the flow rate of the second sub-stream, wherein the second metering device is arranged to measure the water-in-liquid ratio (WLR) of the second sub-stream, wherein the apparatus is arranged to use the WLR measured by the second metering device as a measure also for the WLR of the first sub-stream, and wherein the cross-sectional flow area of the first metering device is larger than the cross-sectional flow area of the second metering device.1. A separation type multiphase flow meter apparatus comprising:
a separation module arranged to at least partially separate a multiphase stream comprising water, hydrocarbon liquid and hydrocarbon gas into a first sub-stream comprising a gas fraction and a second sub-stream comprising a liquid fraction; a first metering device for measuring a flow rate of the first sub-stream; and a second metering device for measuring a phase fraction and a flow rate of the second sub-stream;
wherein the second metering device is arranged to measure a water-in-liquid ratio (WLR) of the second sub-stream;
wherein the apparatus is arranged to use the water-in-liquid ratio (WLR) measured by the second metering device as a measure for a water-in-liquid ratio (WLR) of the first sub-stream; and
wherein a cross-sectional flow area of the first metering device is larger than a cross-sectional flow area of the second metering device. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-stream comprises a gas fraction and a liquid fraction and the first metering device is arranged to measure the gas and liquid flow rates of the first sub-stream. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second metering devices are arranged to acquire multiphase and wet gas measurements within a gas-volume-fraction (GVF) range of 0-100%. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first metering device is a dual-phase meter and the second metering device is an electromagnetic, microwave type multiphase meter. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the separation module comprises:
an inlet conduit having an inlet configured to receive the multiphase stream; a first measuring conduit configured to receive from the inlet conduit said first sub-stream, the first metering device being arranged in the first measuring conduit; a second measuring conduit configured to receive from the inlet conduit said second sub-stream, the second metering device being arranged in the second measuring conduit; and an outlet conduit configured to receive the first sub-stream from the first measuring conduit and the second sub-stream from the second measuring conduit and to output at an outlet the re-joined multiphase stream,
wherein the first measuring conduit extends orthogonally or substantially orthogonally from the inlet conduit and wherein, when the apparatus is in operation, the inlet conduit is configured to have a horizontal or substantially horizontal orientation and the first measuring conduit is configured to extend vertically upwardly or substantially vertically upwardly from the inlet conduit, thereby allowing the first sub-stream to be conveyed vertically upwardly or substantially vertically upwardly in the first measuring conduit and the second sub-stream to be conveyed horizontally or substantially horizontally in the inlet conduit downstream of the first measuring conduit. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second measuring conduit extends orthogonally or substantially orthogonally from the inlet conduit and co-planar with and downstream of the first measuring conduit. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the outlet conduit is arranged in parallel with the inlet conduit. 8. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the inlet conduit, the outlet conduit, the first measuring conduit and the second measuring conduit are made from subsea piping elements. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the separation module comprises an inlet conduit, an outlet conduit and first and second measuring conduits arranged side by side between and in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet conduits, wherein the first metering device is arranged in the first measuring conduit, which forms a conduit path for the first sub-stream, and wherein the second metering device is arranged in the second measuring conduit, which forms a conduit path for the second sub-stream. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the inlet conduit and the outlet conduit have a generally horizontal orientation, and wherein the first and second measuring conduits have a generally vertical orientation when the apparatus is in use. 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the inlet and outlet conduits and the first and second measuring conduits are made from subsea piping elements. | 2,800 |
345,557 | 16,643,508 | 2,129 | Systems, devices, and methods are disclosed for decision making based on plasticity rules of a neural network. A method may include obtaining a multilayered model. The multilayered model may include an input layer including one or more input units. The multilayered model may include one or more hidden layers including one or more hidden units. Each input unit may have a first connection with at least one hidden unit. The multilayered model may include an output layer including one or more output units. The method may also include receiving an input at a first input unit. The method may include sending a first signal from the first input unit to at least one hidden unit via a first connection comprising a first strength. The method may also include making a decision based on the model receiving the input. | 1. A method comprising:
obtaining a multilayered model, the multilayered model comprising:
an input layer comprising one or more input units;
one or more hidden layers comprising one or more hidden units;
an output layer comprising one or more output units; and
receiving an input at a first input unit; sending a first signal from the first input unit to at least one of the one or more hidden units on a first hidden layer via a first connection comprising a first strength; and making a decision based on the model receiving the input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more hidden units is connected to another one of the one or more hidden units via an intralayer connection, each intralayer connection comprising a given strength. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one hidden unit receiving the first signal is connected to one or more of the one or more output units via one or more output layer connections, wherein each output layer connection comprises a given strength. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a second signal from the at least one hidden unit on the first hidden layer to a second hidden unit on the first hidden layer via a first intralayer connection comprising a second strength; and sending a third signal from the second hidden unit on the first hidden layer to one or more of the one or more output units via a third connection comprising a third strength. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a fourth signal from the at least one hidden unit on the first hidden layer to a third hidden unit on a second hidden layer; and sending a fifth signal from the third hidden unit on the second hidden layer to one or more of the one or more output units via a fourth connection comprising a fourth strength. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a strength of one or more signals being received by a unit is kept constant. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a strength of one or more signals being sent by a unit is kept constant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a strength of one or more signals with a low rate of sending the one or more signals is increased before arriving at a subsequent layer and the strength of one or more signals with a high rate of sending the one or more signals is decreased before arriving at a subsequent layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a reward signal to modulate one of the one or more signals between the hidden layer and the output layer, such that strengths of one or more connections associated with the reward signal increases; and sending a punishment signal to modulate one of the one or more signals between the hidden layer and the output layer, such that strengths of one or more connection associated with the punishment signal decrease. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting a strength of a given connection between two units by dividing a current strength of the given connection by the average strength of the given connection over a period of time. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising randomly selecting one of the one or more output units to make the decision based on a user selected chance value. 12. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory for storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to: obtain a model, the model comprising:
a first set of layers comprising one or more input layers, wherein each input layer comprises one or more input layer units;
a second set of layers comprising middle layers, wherein each middle layer comprises one or more middle layer units;
a third set of layers comprising one or more output layers, wherein each output layer comprises one or more output layer units; and
balancing mechanisms to affect signals between the three sets of layers and the corresponding strength of the signals;
receive an input at a first set of layers; send a first signal from the first set of layers to the second set of layers via a first connection comprising a first strength; and make a decision based on the model receiving the input. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein each of the one or more units in a layer is connected to another one of the one or more units in the layer via an intralayer connection, each intralayer connection comprising a given strength. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the at least one hidden unit receiving the first signal is connected to one or more of the one or more output units via one or more output layer connections, wherein each output layer connection comprises a given strength. 15. The system of claim 12, further storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
send a second signal from the at least one hidden unit on the first hidden layer to a second hidden unit on the first hidden layer via a first intralayer connection comprising a second strength; and send a third signal from the second hidden unit on the first hidden layer to one or more of the one or more output units via a third connection comprising a third strength. 16. The system of claim 12, further storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
send a fourth signal from the at least one hidden unit on the first hidden layer to a third hidden unit on a second hidden layer; and send a fifth signal from the third hidden unit on the second hidden layer to one or more of the one or more output units via a fourth connection comprising a fourth strength. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein a strength of one or more signals being sent by a unit is kept constant. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein a strength of one or more signals with a low rate of sending the one or more signals is increased before arriving at a subsequent layer and the strength of one or more signals with a high rate of sending the one or more signals is decreased before arriving at a subsequent layer. 19. The system of claim 12, further storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
send a reward signal to modulate one of the one or more signals between the hidden layer and the output layer, such that strengths of one or more connections associated with the reward signal increases; and send a punishment signal to modulate one of the one or more signals between the hidden layer and the output layer, such that strengths of one or more connection associated with the punishment signal decrease. 20. A model based on biological neural networks, the model comprising:
multiple layers, wherein a first layer comprises one or more input units, a second layer comprises one or more middle layers, each middle layer having one or more middle units, and a third layer comprises one or more output units; one or more balancing mechanisms to affect one or more signals between the multiple layers and a corresponding strength of the signals; and a signal modulator generator to generate one or more modulator signals to modulate the one or more signals coming from the middle layer to the third layer after a decision is made. | Systems, devices, and methods are disclosed for decision making based on plasticity rules of a neural network. A method may include obtaining a multilayered model. The multilayered model may include an input layer including one or more input units. The multilayered model may include one or more hidden layers including one or more hidden units. Each input unit may have a first connection with at least one hidden unit. The multilayered model may include an output layer including one or more output units. The method may also include receiving an input at a first input unit. The method may include sending a first signal from the first input unit to at least one hidden unit via a first connection comprising a first strength. The method may also include making a decision based on the model receiving the input.1. A method comprising:
obtaining a multilayered model, the multilayered model comprising:
an input layer comprising one or more input units;
one or more hidden layers comprising one or more hidden units;
an output layer comprising one or more output units; and
receiving an input at a first input unit; sending a first signal from the first input unit to at least one of the one or more hidden units on a first hidden layer via a first connection comprising a first strength; and making a decision based on the model receiving the input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more hidden units is connected to another one of the one or more hidden units via an intralayer connection, each intralayer connection comprising a given strength. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one hidden unit receiving the first signal is connected to one or more of the one or more output units via one or more output layer connections, wherein each output layer connection comprises a given strength. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a second signal from the at least one hidden unit on the first hidden layer to a second hidden unit on the first hidden layer via a first intralayer connection comprising a second strength; and sending a third signal from the second hidden unit on the first hidden layer to one or more of the one or more output units via a third connection comprising a third strength. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a fourth signal from the at least one hidden unit on the first hidden layer to a third hidden unit on a second hidden layer; and sending a fifth signal from the third hidden unit on the second hidden layer to one or more of the one or more output units via a fourth connection comprising a fourth strength. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a strength of one or more signals being received by a unit is kept constant. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a strength of one or more signals being sent by a unit is kept constant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a strength of one or more signals with a low rate of sending the one or more signals is increased before arriving at a subsequent layer and the strength of one or more signals with a high rate of sending the one or more signals is decreased before arriving at a subsequent layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a reward signal to modulate one of the one or more signals between the hidden layer and the output layer, such that strengths of one or more connections associated with the reward signal increases; and sending a punishment signal to modulate one of the one or more signals between the hidden layer and the output layer, such that strengths of one or more connection associated with the punishment signal decrease. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting a strength of a given connection between two units by dividing a current strength of the given connection by the average strength of the given connection over a period of time. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising randomly selecting one of the one or more output units to make the decision based on a user selected chance value. 12. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory for storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to: obtain a model, the model comprising:
a first set of layers comprising one or more input layers, wherein each input layer comprises one or more input layer units;
a second set of layers comprising middle layers, wherein each middle layer comprises one or more middle layer units;
a third set of layers comprising one or more output layers, wherein each output layer comprises one or more output layer units; and
balancing mechanisms to affect signals between the three sets of layers and the corresponding strength of the signals;
receive an input at a first set of layers; send a first signal from the first set of layers to the second set of layers via a first connection comprising a first strength; and make a decision based on the model receiving the input. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein each of the one or more units in a layer is connected to another one of the one or more units in the layer via an intralayer connection, each intralayer connection comprising a given strength. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the at least one hidden unit receiving the first signal is connected to one or more of the one or more output units via one or more output layer connections, wherein each output layer connection comprises a given strength. 15. The system of claim 12, further storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
send a second signal from the at least one hidden unit on the first hidden layer to a second hidden unit on the first hidden layer via a first intralayer connection comprising a second strength; and send a third signal from the second hidden unit on the first hidden layer to one or more of the one or more output units via a third connection comprising a third strength. 16. The system of claim 12, further storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
send a fourth signal from the at least one hidden unit on the first hidden layer to a third hidden unit on a second hidden layer; and send a fifth signal from the third hidden unit on the second hidden layer to one or more of the one or more output units via a fourth connection comprising a fourth strength. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein a strength of one or more signals being sent by a unit is kept constant. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein a strength of one or more signals with a low rate of sending the one or more signals is increased before arriving at a subsequent layer and the strength of one or more signals with a high rate of sending the one or more signals is decreased before arriving at a subsequent layer. 19. The system of claim 12, further storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
send a reward signal to modulate one of the one or more signals between the hidden layer and the output layer, such that strengths of one or more connections associated with the reward signal increases; and send a punishment signal to modulate one of the one or more signals between the hidden layer and the output layer, such that strengths of one or more connection associated with the punishment signal decrease. 20. A model based on biological neural networks, the model comprising:
multiple layers, wherein a first layer comprises one or more input units, a second layer comprises one or more middle layers, each middle layer having one or more middle units, and a third layer comprises one or more output units; one or more balancing mechanisms to affect one or more signals between the multiple layers and a corresponding strength of the signals; and a signal modulator generator to generate one or more modulator signals to modulate the one or more signals coming from the middle layer to the third layer after a decision is made. | 2,100 |
345,558 | 16,643,405 | 2,129 | Provided is a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition which has little odor and excellent dispersibility in water, and which additionally has excellent transparency and excellent thickening properties for alcohol gels. A carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to the present invention contains: a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) which is a copolymer of a monomer that contains an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) and a compound (a-2) that has at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups in each molecule; and a nonionic surfactant (B). An alcohol gel A prepared by the process described below has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or more at 25° C.; and the alcohol gel A has a light transmittance of 95% or more at a wavelength of 425 nm. (Preparation of alcohol gel A) First, 0.75 part by mass of the carboxyl group-containing polymer composition, 51.70 parts by mass of an ion exchange water and 96.0 parts by mass of ethanol are uniformly mixed with each other. Subsequently, an ethanol solution of triethanolamine having a concentration of 50% by mass is added thereto until the pH reaches 7.0, and the resulting mixture is stirred until the mixture becomes uniform, thereby preparing an alcohol gel A. | 1. A carboxyl group-containing polymer composition comprising:
a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) that is a copolymer of monomers containing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) and a compound (a-2) having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups in its molecule; and a nonionic surfactant (B), wherein an alcohol gel A prepared by the following preparation method has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or more at 25° C., the alcohol gel A has a light transmittance of 95% or more at a wavelength of 425 nm, and the preparation method of the alcohol gel A includes homogeneously mixing 0.75 parts by mass of the carboxyl group-containing polymer composition, 51.70 parts by mass of ion exchange water, and 96.0 parts by mass of ethanol with each other, and then adding an ethanol solution of triethanolamine having a concentration of 50% by mass to the resulting mixture until a pH of the mixture reaches 7.0, followed by stirring until the mixture becomes homogeneous to prepare the alcohol gel A. 2. The carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 1, wherein a content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.5 to 9 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1). 3. The carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) has an HLB value of 5 to 8. 4. A method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition containing a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) that is a copolymer of monomers containing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) and a compound (a-2) having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups in its molecule, and a nonionic surfactant (B), the method comprising copolymerizing the monomers, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) is added into a system when a polymerization degree of the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) reaches 5 to 80% in the step. 5. The method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 4, wherein a content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.5 to 9 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1). 6. The method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 4, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) has an HLB value of 5 to 8. 7. The carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 2, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) has an HLB value of 5 to 8. 8. The method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 5, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) has an HLB value of 5 to 8. | Provided is a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition which has little odor and excellent dispersibility in water, and which additionally has excellent transparency and excellent thickening properties for alcohol gels. A carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to the present invention contains: a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) which is a copolymer of a monomer that contains an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) and a compound (a-2) that has at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups in each molecule; and a nonionic surfactant (B). An alcohol gel A prepared by the process described below has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or more at 25° C.; and the alcohol gel A has a light transmittance of 95% or more at a wavelength of 425 nm. (Preparation of alcohol gel A) First, 0.75 part by mass of the carboxyl group-containing polymer composition, 51.70 parts by mass of an ion exchange water and 96.0 parts by mass of ethanol are uniformly mixed with each other. Subsequently, an ethanol solution of triethanolamine having a concentration of 50% by mass is added thereto until the pH reaches 7.0, and the resulting mixture is stirred until the mixture becomes uniform, thereby preparing an alcohol gel A.1. A carboxyl group-containing polymer composition comprising:
a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) that is a copolymer of monomers containing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) and a compound (a-2) having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups in its molecule; and a nonionic surfactant (B), wherein an alcohol gel A prepared by the following preparation method has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or more at 25° C., the alcohol gel A has a light transmittance of 95% or more at a wavelength of 425 nm, and the preparation method of the alcohol gel A includes homogeneously mixing 0.75 parts by mass of the carboxyl group-containing polymer composition, 51.70 parts by mass of ion exchange water, and 96.0 parts by mass of ethanol with each other, and then adding an ethanol solution of triethanolamine having a concentration of 50% by mass to the resulting mixture until a pH of the mixture reaches 7.0, followed by stirring until the mixture becomes homogeneous to prepare the alcohol gel A. 2. The carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 1, wherein a content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.5 to 9 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1). 3. The carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) has an HLB value of 5 to 8. 4. A method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition containing a carboxyl group-containing polymer (A) that is a copolymer of monomers containing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) and a compound (a-2) having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups in its molecule, and a nonionic surfactant (B), the method comprising copolymerizing the monomers, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) is added into a system when a polymerization degree of the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1) reaches 5 to 80% in the step. 5. The method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 4, wherein a content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.5 to 9 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid (a-1). 6. The method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 4, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) has an HLB value of 5 to 8. 7. The carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 2, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) has an HLB value of 5 to 8. 8. The method for producing a carboxyl group-containing polymer composition according to claim 5, wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) has an HLB value of 5 to 8. | 2,100 |
345,559 | 16,643,437 | 2,129 | Provided is an alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer with which a neutralized viscous liquid can be prepared which has excellent dispersibility in water, has a viscosity that does not change greatly regardless of addition of an electrolyte, and has high transparency in the presence of an electrolyte. This alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer contains: 100 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid; 1.5-4.5 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester, in which an alkyl group has 18-24 carbon atoms; and 0-0.1 parts by mass of a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, wherein the copolymer contains 1.5-4.5 parts by mass of a nonionic surfactant. | 1. An alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer being a copolymer of 100 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid, 1.5 to 4.5 parts by mass of an alkyl (meth)acrylate ester having an alkyl group having 18 to 24 carbon atoms, and 0 to 0.1 parts by mass of a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer comprising 1.5 to 4.5 parts by mass of a nonionic surfactant. 2. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein a light transmittance X of a 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer is 90% or more. 3. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein a light transmittance Y of an electrolyte-containing 1% neutralized viscous liquid prepared by adding 1 part by mass of sodium chloride to 100 parts by mass of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer is 90% or more. 4. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein a viscosity A of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer is 5,000 mPa·s or more at 25° C. 5. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein a viscosity ratio (viscosity B/viscosity A) of a viscosity B of an electrolyte-containing 1% neutralized viscous liquid, prepared by adding 1 part by mass of sodium chloride to 100 parts by mass of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer, to the viscosity A of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid is in a range of 0.5 to 2.0 at 25° C. 6. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein an absolute value |viscosity A-viscosity B| of a difference between the viscosity A of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer and the viscosity B of the electrolyte-containing 1% neutralized viscous liquid prepared by adding 1 part by mass of sodium chloride to 100 parts by mass of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid is 10,000 mPa·s or less. 7. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein the compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups is at least one selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol polyallyl ether, diethylene glycol diallyl ether, polyethylene glycol allyl ether, and polyallyl saccharose. 8. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, being in a form of fine particles. 9. A thickener comprising the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1. 10. A method for preparing the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, the method comprising copolymerizing a (meth)acrylic acid, an alkyl (meth)acrylate ester having an alkyl group having 18 to 24 carbon atoms, and optionally a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in the presence of a nonionic surfactant. | Provided is an alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer with which a neutralized viscous liquid can be prepared which has excellent dispersibility in water, has a viscosity that does not change greatly regardless of addition of an electrolyte, and has high transparency in the presence of an electrolyte. This alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer contains: 100 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid; 1.5-4.5 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester, in which an alkyl group has 18-24 carbon atoms; and 0-0.1 parts by mass of a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, wherein the copolymer contains 1.5-4.5 parts by mass of a nonionic surfactant.1. An alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer being a copolymer of 100 parts by mass of a (meth)acrylic acid, 1.5 to 4.5 parts by mass of an alkyl (meth)acrylate ester having an alkyl group having 18 to 24 carbon atoms, and 0 to 0.1 parts by mass of a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer comprising 1.5 to 4.5 parts by mass of a nonionic surfactant. 2. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein a light transmittance X of a 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer is 90% or more. 3. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein a light transmittance Y of an electrolyte-containing 1% neutralized viscous liquid prepared by adding 1 part by mass of sodium chloride to 100 parts by mass of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer is 90% or more. 4. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein a viscosity A of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer is 5,000 mPa·s or more at 25° C. 5. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein a viscosity ratio (viscosity B/viscosity A) of a viscosity B of an electrolyte-containing 1% neutralized viscous liquid, prepared by adding 1 part by mass of sodium chloride to 100 parts by mass of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer, to the viscosity A of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid is in a range of 0.5 to 2.0 at 25° C. 6. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein an absolute value |viscosity A-viscosity B| of a difference between the viscosity A of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid of the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer and the viscosity B of the electrolyte-containing 1% neutralized viscous liquid prepared by adding 1 part by mass of sodium chloride to 100 parts by mass of the 1% by mass neutralized viscous liquid is 10,000 mPa·s or less. 7. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, wherein the compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups is at least one selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol polyallyl ether, diethylene glycol diallyl ether, polyethylene glycol allyl ether, and polyallyl saccharose. 8. The alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, being in a form of fine particles. 9. A thickener comprising the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1. 10. A method for preparing the alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer according to claim 1, the method comprising copolymerizing a (meth)acrylic acid, an alkyl (meth)acrylate ester having an alkyl group having 18 to 24 carbon atoms, and optionally a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in the presence of a nonionic surfactant. | 2,100 |
345,560 | 16,643,475 | 3,632 | A joining and levelling system adapted for use in furniture and furnishing items having a bottom and a shoulder positionable with respect to a floor includes, in combination, a front foot unit and a rear foot unit, each having a connection group and a blocking group of a joining device for stably interconnecting the bottom and the shoulder. The connection group and the blocking group can be actuated from the front with respect to the furniture, the front and rear foot units being positioned beneath the bottom and facing the shoulder, and the bottom and the shoulder not resting on the floor. The front and rear foot units are disposed in an identical body for both the front and the rear foot units, and actuation rods of the joining device are arranged in the rear foot unit and positioned between the front and the rear foot units. | 1. A joining and levelling system adapted for use in furniture and furnishing items (M) with a bottom (12) and at least one shoulder (11) positionable with respect to a floor (P) comprising, in combination:
at least one front foot unit (14,114); and at least one rear foot unit (15,115), wherein each front foot unit and each rear foot unit (14,15; 114,115) comprises a connection group (GC) and a blocking group (GB) of a joining device for stably interconnecting said bottom (12) and said at least one shoulder, wherein said connection group (GC) and said blocking group (GB) of the joining device can be actuated from a front of the furniture, wherein said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115) are positioned beneath said bottom (12) and facing said at least one shoulder (11), wherein said bottom (12) and said at least one shoulder (11) do not rest on the floor, and wherein said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115) are positioned in an identical body (16,116) for both said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115); and an actuation rod (36) of the joining device, said actuation rod being arranged in said at least one rear foot unit (15,115), positioned between said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115). 2. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein each front foot unit and each rear foot unit (14,15) further comprises a levelling device (21) with a height adjustment mechanism maneuverable a tool, and wherein said levelling device (21) of said front and rear foot units (14,15) can be actuated from the front with respect to the furniture. 3. The joining and levelling system according to claim 2, wherein said identical body (16), comprises two adjacent housings (28,29) configured to selectively house said levelling device (21) to form said at least one front foot unit (14,114) or, alternatively, said at least one rear foot unit (15). 4. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein said actuation rod (36) of said blocking group (GB) of said at least one rear foot unit (15) is positioned tilted on a plane perpendicular to the floor between said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115). 5. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein each body (16) of said at least one front foot unit and said at least one rear foot unit (14, 114; 15, 115) comprises a molded body in zamak or in another suitable material, which provides voids and lightening and/or stiffening ribs. 6. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein said body (16,116) is configured to be associated beneath the bottom (12) and facing said at least one shoulder (11), and provides, from at least one short side, a protruding appendix or nose (17) which is configured to be inserted in a complementary slot-shaped recess (18) formed in the shoulder (11). 7. The joining and levelling system according to claim 6, wherein said protruding appendix or nose (17) has an undercut (19) that is abutted against the at least one short side of the bottom (12) facing the shoulder (11). 8. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein said body (16), in a surface facing said bottom (12), comprises a pair of upwardly protruding pegs (20), which are inserted in blind holes (22) formed on a lower surface (23), said blind holes facing downwards in relation to the bottom (12). 9. The joining and levelling system according to claim 2, wherein said body (16) comprises a first portion with a smaller dimension (30) and adjacent to a second portion with a larger dimension (27), said second portion (27) having two housings (28,29) adjacent to each other, and configured to selectively house said levelling device (21) to form said at least one front foot unit (14, 114) or, alternatively, said at least one rear foot unit (15). 10. The joining and levelling system according to claim 2, wherein said levelling device (21) comprises a cylindrical casing (44, 45) containing, in its interior, a pinion-toothed crown bevel (47,48), wherein a pinion (47) of said pinion-toothed crown bevel is rotatingly positioned inside the casing (44,45) and engages with a toothed crown (48) of said pinion-toothed crown bevel, said toothed crown (48) being formed as a head of a threaded screw (49), said toothed crown (48) being rotatable inside the casing (44,45) without translating longitudinally, wherein said threaded screw (49) is positioned in a threaded hole (51) inside a hollow pusher element (52), and is positioned coaxially with respect to an outside of the casing (44,45), wherein a rotation of the threaded screw (49) causes an upward or downward movement of the hollow pusher element (52) and an adjustment of the leveller. 11. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein said blocking group (GB) of the joining device of each front foot unit (14) and each rear foot unit (15) comprises a pin (38), engaged in the at least one shoulder (11), and said blocking group (GB) of the joining device comprises a grub screw (34) which disposed to be moved from an engagement position to a disengagement position with said pin (38). 12. The joining and levelling system according to claim 11, wherein said body (16), on a shorter side thereof facing the at least one shoulder (11), includes a blind hole (37) which receives said pin (38) forming part of the connection group (GC). 13. The joining and levelling system according to claim 11, wherein said pin (38) has a same length for said at least one front foot unit (14) and said at least one rear foot unit (15). | A joining and levelling system adapted for use in furniture and furnishing items having a bottom and a shoulder positionable with respect to a floor includes, in combination, a front foot unit and a rear foot unit, each having a connection group and a blocking group of a joining device for stably interconnecting the bottom and the shoulder. The connection group and the blocking group can be actuated from the front with respect to the furniture, the front and rear foot units being positioned beneath the bottom and facing the shoulder, and the bottom and the shoulder not resting on the floor. The front and rear foot units are disposed in an identical body for both the front and the rear foot units, and actuation rods of the joining device are arranged in the rear foot unit and positioned between the front and the rear foot units.1. A joining and levelling system adapted for use in furniture and furnishing items (M) with a bottom (12) and at least one shoulder (11) positionable with respect to a floor (P) comprising, in combination:
at least one front foot unit (14,114); and at least one rear foot unit (15,115), wherein each front foot unit and each rear foot unit (14,15; 114,115) comprises a connection group (GC) and a blocking group (GB) of a joining device for stably interconnecting said bottom (12) and said at least one shoulder, wherein said connection group (GC) and said blocking group (GB) of the joining device can be actuated from a front of the furniture, wherein said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115) are positioned beneath said bottom (12) and facing said at least one shoulder (11), wherein said bottom (12) and said at least one shoulder (11) do not rest on the floor, and wherein said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115) are positioned in an identical body (16,116) for both said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115); and an actuation rod (36) of the joining device, said actuation rod being arranged in said at least one rear foot unit (15,115), positioned between said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115). 2. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein each front foot unit and each rear foot unit (14,15) further comprises a levelling device (21) with a height adjustment mechanism maneuverable a tool, and wherein said levelling device (21) of said front and rear foot units (14,15) can be actuated from the front with respect to the furniture. 3. The joining and levelling system according to claim 2, wherein said identical body (16), comprises two adjacent housings (28,29) configured to selectively house said levelling device (21) to form said at least one front foot unit (14,114) or, alternatively, said at least one rear foot unit (15). 4. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein said actuation rod (36) of said blocking group (GB) of said at least one rear foot unit (15) is positioned tilted on a plane perpendicular to the floor between said at least one front foot unit (14,114) and said at least one rear foot unit (15,115). 5. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein each body (16) of said at least one front foot unit and said at least one rear foot unit (14, 114; 15, 115) comprises a molded body in zamak or in another suitable material, which provides voids and lightening and/or stiffening ribs. 6. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein said body (16,116) is configured to be associated beneath the bottom (12) and facing said at least one shoulder (11), and provides, from at least one short side, a protruding appendix or nose (17) which is configured to be inserted in a complementary slot-shaped recess (18) formed in the shoulder (11). 7. The joining and levelling system according to claim 6, wherein said protruding appendix or nose (17) has an undercut (19) that is abutted against the at least one short side of the bottom (12) facing the shoulder (11). 8. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein said body (16), in a surface facing said bottom (12), comprises a pair of upwardly protruding pegs (20), which are inserted in blind holes (22) formed on a lower surface (23), said blind holes facing downwards in relation to the bottom (12). 9. The joining and levelling system according to claim 2, wherein said body (16) comprises a first portion with a smaller dimension (30) and adjacent to a second portion with a larger dimension (27), said second portion (27) having two housings (28,29) adjacent to each other, and configured to selectively house said levelling device (21) to form said at least one front foot unit (14, 114) or, alternatively, said at least one rear foot unit (15). 10. The joining and levelling system according to claim 2, wherein said levelling device (21) comprises a cylindrical casing (44, 45) containing, in its interior, a pinion-toothed crown bevel (47,48), wherein a pinion (47) of said pinion-toothed crown bevel is rotatingly positioned inside the casing (44,45) and engages with a toothed crown (48) of said pinion-toothed crown bevel, said toothed crown (48) being formed as a head of a threaded screw (49), said toothed crown (48) being rotatable inside the casing (44,45) without translating longitudinally, wherein said threaded screw (49) is positioned in a threaded hole (51) inside a hollow pusher element (52), and is positioned coaxially with respect to an outside of the casing (44,45), wherein a rotation of the threaded screw (49) causes an upward or downward movement of the hollow pusher element (52) and an adjustment of the leveller. 11. The joining and levelling system according to claim 1, wherein said blocking group (GB) of the joining device of each front foot unit (14) and each rear foot unit (15) comprises a pin (38), engaged in the at least one shoulder (11), and said blocking group (GB) of the joining device comprises a grub screw (34) which disposed to be moved from an engagement position to a disengagement position with said pin (38). 12. The joining and levelling system according to claim 11, wherein said body (16), on a shorter side thereof facing the at least one shoulder (11), includes a blind hole (37) which receives said pin (38) forming part of the connection group (GC). 13. The joining and levelling system according to claim 11, wherein said pin (38) has a same length for said at least one front foot unit (14) and said at least one rear foot unit (15). | 3,600 |
345,561 | 16,643,457 | 3,632 | A bio-information detection substrate and a gene chip are provided. The substrate includes a first main surface, the first main surface includes a test region and a dummy region located around the test region, at least one accommodation region is disposed on the first main surface, and the accommodation region is located in the dummy region. | 1. A substrate for bio-information detection, comprising a first main surface, the first main surface including a test region and a dummy region located around the test region,
wherein at least one accommodation region is disposed on the first main surface, and the accommodation region is located in the dummy region. 2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein,
the accommodation region is set as a first groove, and the first groove surrounds the test region. 3. The substrate according to claim 2, wherein,
the first groove includes at least one first sub-groove, and a planar shape of the first sub-groove on a surface of a second substrate is a closed ring. 4. The substrate according to claim 3, wherein,
a centroid of the closed ring coincides with a centroid of the test region. 5. The substrate according to claim 4, wherein,
distances from two opposite sides of the first sub-groove to the centroid of the test region are equal to each other. 6. The substrate according to claim 2, wherein,
the first groove includes at least one second sub-groove, and a planar shape of the second sub-groove on a surface of a second substrate is a line segment. 7. The substrate according to claim 4, wherein,
a plurality of the second sub-grooves are provided, and a centroid of a pattern formed by the plurality of the second sub-grooves coincides with the centroid of the test region. 8. The substrate according to claim 7, wherein,
there are two second sub-grooves, and the two second sub-grooves are symmetrical with respect to a center of the centroid of the test region; or there are no less than three second sub-grooves, and the second sub-grooves are equally spaced on a ring centered on the centroid of the test region. 9. The substrate according to as claim 2, wherein,
at least one first through hole is disposed in a region of the substrate in which the first groove is disposed, and the first through hole communicates the first groove with a surface opposite to the first main surface. 10. The substrate according to any one of claims 2-9 claim 2, wherein,
a pattern formed by the first groove is symmetrical with the centroid of the test region as a reference center. 11. The substrate according to claim 10, wherein,
a plurality of the first grooves are arranged at intervals from an edge of the test region to an edge of the substrate; and the edge of the test region, the plurality of first grooves, and the edge of the substrate are equally spaced; or one first groove is provided between the edge of the test region and the edge of the substrate; and the edge of the test region, the first groove, and the edge of the substrate are equally spaced. 12. The substrate according to claim 2, further comprising:
at least one second groove, located in the test region and located on the first main surface of the substrate: wherein the substrate includes second through holes located at both ends of the second groove; and the second through holes communicate the second groove with a surface opposite to the first main surface. 13. The substrate according to claim 12, wherein,
in a direction parallel to the first main surface, widths of the first groove and the second groove are equal to each other, 14. A gene chip, comprising:
a first substrate, the first substrate being the substrate according to claims 1-11 claim 1; a second substrate, provided opposite to the first substrate; and a sealant layer, located between the first substrate and the second substrate, and at least partially located in the dummy region; wherein, the sealant layer surrounds the accommodation region. 15. The gene chip according to claim 14, wherein,
the first substrate includes at least one second groove which is located in the test region and located on a first main surface of the first substrate, and at least two second through holes are disposed on the first substrate at a position where the second groove is disposed; and the second through holes go through the first substrate. 16. The gene chip according to claim 15, wherein, the second substrate further includes a modification layer, and
the modification layer is located on a surface of the second substrate that faces the first substrate. 17. The gene chip according to claim 15, wherein,
in a direction parallel to the first main surface, widths of the accommodation region and the second groove are equal to each other. 18. The gene chip according to claim 14, wherein, the second substrate includes at least one second groove which is located in the test region and located on a surface of the second substrate that faces the first substrate, and
the second substrate includes second through holes located at both ends of the second groove, and the second through holes go through the second substrate. 19. The gene chip according to claim 18, wherein, the first substrate further includes a modification layer, and the modification layer is located on the first main surface of the first substrate. 20. The gene chip according to claim 18, wherein,
in a direction parallel to the first main surface, widths of the accommodation region and the second groove are equal to each other. | A bio-information detection substrate and a gene chip are provided. The substrate includes a first main surface, the first main surface includes a test region and a dummy region located around the test region, at least one accommodation region is disposed on the first main surface, and the accommodation region is located in the dummy region.1. A substrate for bio-information detection, comprising a first main surface, the first main surface including a test region and a dummy region located around the test region,
wherein at least one accommodation region is disposed on the first main surface, and the accommodation region is located in the dummy region. 2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein,
the accommodation region is set as a first groove, and the first groove surrounds the test region. 3. The substrate according to claim 2, wherein,
the first groove includes at least one first sub-groove, and a planar shape of the first sub-groove on a surface of a second substrate is a closed ring. 4. The substrate according to claim 3, wherein,
a centroid of the closed ring coincides with a centroid of the test region. 5. The substrate according to claim 4, wherein,
distances from two opposite sides of the first sub-groove to the centroid of the test region are equal to each other. 6. The substrate according to claim 2, wherein,
the first groove includes at least one second sub-groove, and a planar shape of the second sub-groove on a surface of a second substrate is a line segment. 7. The substrate according to claim 4, wherein,
a plurality of the second sub-grooves are provided, and a centroid of a pattern formed by the plurality of the second sub-grooves coincides with the centroid of the test region. 8. The substrate according to claim 7, wherein,
there are two second sub-grooves, and the two second sub-grooves are symmetrical with respect to a center of the centroid of the test region; or there are no less than three second sub-grooves, and the second sub-grooves are equally spaced on a ring centered on the centroid of the test region. 9. The substrate according to as claim 2, wherein,
at least one first through hole is disposed in a region of the substrate in which the first groove is disposed, and the first through hole communicates the first groove with a surface opposite to the first main surface. 10. The substrate according to any one of claims 2-9 claim 2, wherein,
a pattern formed by the first groove is symmetrical with the centroid of the test region as a reference center. 11. The substrate according to claim 10, wherein,
a plurality of the first grooves are arranged at intervals from an edge of the test region to an edge of the substrate; and the edge of the test region, the plurality of first grooves, and the edge of the substrate are equally spaced; or one first groove is provided between the edge of the test region and the edge of the substrate; and the edge of the test region, the first groove, and the edge of the substrate are equally spaced. 12. The substrate according to claim 2, further comprising:
at least one second groove, located in the test region and located on the first main surface of the substrate: wherein the substrate includes second through holes located at both ends of the second groove; and the second through holes communicate the second groove with a surface opposite to the first main surface. 13. The substrate according to claim 12, wherein,
in a direction parallel to the first main surface, widths of the first groove and the second groove are equal to each other, 14. A gene chip, comprising:
a first substrate, the first substrate being the substrate according to claims 1-11 claim 1; a second substrate, provided opposite to the first substrate; and a sealant layer, located between the first substrate and the second substrate, and at least partially located in the dummy region; wherein, the sealant layer surrounds the accommodation region. 15. The gene chip according to claim 14, wherein,
the first substrate includes at least one second groove which is located in the test region and located on a first main surface of the first substrate, and at least two second through holes are disposed on the first substrate at a position where the second groove is disposed; and the second through holes go through the first substrate. 16. The gene chip according to claim 15, wherein, the second substrate further includes a modification layer, and
the modification layer is located on a surface of the second substrate that faces the first substrate. 17. The gene chip according to claim 15, wherein,
in a direction parallel to the first main surface, widths of the accommodation region and the second groove are equal to each other. 18. The gene chip according to claim 14, wherein, the second substrate includes at least one second groove which is located in the test region and located on a surface of the second substrate that faces the first substrate, and
the second substrate includes second through holes located at both ends of the second groove, and the second through holes go through the second substrate. 19. The gene chip according to claim 18, wherein, the first substrate further includes a modification layer, and the modification layer is located on the first main surface of the first substrate. 20. The gene chip according to claim 18, wherein,
in a direction parallel to the first main surface, widths of the accommodation region and the second groove are equal to each other. | 3,600 |
345,562 | 16,643,512 | 3,632 | The invention relates to a method for automatedly manufacturing a stator component, as well as a device for manufacturing a stator component comprising at least one hollow-cylindrical stator pack having a plurality of rod-shaped electrical conductor elements inserted into the stator pack, said conductor elements projecting substantially to the same distance out of the stator pack at the base side as conductor ends while at the front side the conductor ends project out of the stator pack according to their respectively prescribed length, and wherein the stator pack has at least one positioning mark, which is placed in the outer lateral surface of the stator pack and extends in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack and which serves for orienting and positioning the stator pack with respect to at least one forming tool. | 1. A method for automatedly manufacturing a stator component, comprising the steps:
providing a hollow-cylindrical stator pack having a plurality of stator laminations stacked in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, comprising a plurality of internal grooves extending in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, arranged to be distributed in the circumferential direction and extending continuously from a base side to a front side of the stator pack on the inside of the hollow-cylindrical stator pack, said internal grooves being each equipped with a rod-shaped electrical conductor element such that the rod-shaped electrical conductor elements project substantially to the same distance out of the stator pack at the base side as conductor ends while at the front side the rod-shaped electrical conductor elements project out of the stator pack as conductor ends according to their respectively prescribed length, and the stator pack has at least one positioning mark, which is placed in the outer lateral surface of the stator pack and extends in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, providing at least one forming tool, which for receiving the respective front-side conductor ends comprises recesses distributed in the circumferential direction around a main tool axis, wherein the at least one forming tool is designed to be displaceable at least along the main tool axis, positioning the stator pack in a holding device, wherein: the stator pack is picked up by means of a gripping device of a gripping apparatus which is displaceable in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack and rotatable in the circumferential direction of the stator pack, the stator pack is rotated in the circumferential direction about the main axis of the stator pack, whereby the positioning of the plurality of rod-shaped electrical conductor elements is brought into agreement with the recesses provided for this purpose in the at least one forming tool by means of the positioning mark placed in the lateral surface of the stator pack, at least parts of the lateral surface of the stator pack are detected by means of an optical sensor unit, the angular position of the stator pack is determined by means of the at least one positioning mark, the calculation of correction values for the orientation of the stator pack about the main axis of the stator pack is carried out by means of system control, an angle correction of the stator pack is carried out by rotating the gripping device about the main axis of the stator pack until the conductor ends of the stator pack projecting from the stator pack are aligned with the position of the recesses of the at least one forming tool, which are distributed correspondingly in the circumferential direction about the main tool axis, the stator pack is positioned in the holding device by means of a gripping device according to a predetermined position in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein as at least one positioning mark placed in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, a positioning mark extending from the base side over at least 10%, preferably 25% of the height of the stacked stator laminations is used in the lateral surface of the stator pack. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, a positioning mark placed in the lateral surface of the stator pack in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, is a positioning groove with a V- or U-shaped cross-section with two longitudinal edges extending in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in order to determine a reference position of the at least one positioning mark placed in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, the measurement of the two longitudinal edges of the positioning groove which is V-shaped or U-shaped in cross-section extending in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack is carried out and the center of the two edge positions in the circumferential direction is used as a reference position. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a contrast sensor is used as the optical sensor unit. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a laser sensor is used as the optical sensor unit. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the detection of the lateral surface of the stator pack, the optical sensor unit measures an angular range of more than 5° over the circumference of the lateral surface of the stator pack as well as a length in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack starting from the base side of the stator pack of at least 10%, preferably 25%. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alignment of the stator pack in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack is carried out such that the base side of the stator pack is brought into contact with a stop provided in the holding device. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the angle correction, the holding device clamps the stator pack and the gripping device releases the stator pack. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein after clamping of the stator pack, the holding device is displaced perpendicularly to the main axis of the stator pack until the main axis of the stator pack is aligned with the main tool axis of the at least one forming tool. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein after clamping of the stator pack, the at least one forming tool is moved to the stator pack in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack and encloses the conductor ends with the recesses provided for this purpose at the front side. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein a locking means is brought into contact with the at least one positioning mark placed in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack. 13. A device for automatedly manufacturing a stator component of the kind including at least one hollow-cylindrical stator pack having a plurality of stator laminations stacked in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, and having a plurality of internal grooves extending in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, arranged to be distributed in the circumferential direction and extending continuously from a base side to a front side on the inside of the hollow-cylindrical stator pack, said internal grooves being each equipped with a rod-shaped electrical conductor element and wherein on the base side, the rod-shaped electrical conductor elements are formed as conductor ends projecting substantially to the same distance out of the stator pack while at the front side the rod-shaped electrical conductor elements project out of the stator pack as conductor ends according to their respectively prescribed length, and the stator pack has at least one positioning mark, which is placed in the outer lateral surface of the stator pack and extends in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, the device comprising:
at least one holding device suitable for fixation of the hollow-cylindrical stator pack, at least one gripping apparatus comprising a gripping device suitable for the transport and/or positioning of the hollow-cylindrical stator pack to and/or within the holding device, wherein characterized in that the at least one gripping device is suitable for clamping the hollow-cylindrical stator pack on its inner side and the gripping apparatus has at least one drive unit which is designed to be displaceable for positioning along the direction of the main axis of the stator pack as well as perpendicularly to the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, and has at least one further drive unit which is suitable for positioning the stator pack in the circumferential direction and at least one optical sensor unit is mounted on or within the gripping apparatus, said sensor unit facing the gripping device and consequently the lateral surface of the received laminated core. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the at least one optical sensor unit is a contrast sensor. 15. The device according to claim 13, wherein the at least one optical sensor unit is a laser sensor. 16. The device according to claim 13, wherein a protective device transparent for the optical sensor unit is attached between the at least one optical sensor unit and the gripping device of the gripping apparatus. 17. The device according to claim 13, wherein the optical sensor unit is connected to the gripping device via an electronic system control. 18. The device according to claim 13, wherein the holding device is provided with a locking means displaceable perpendicularly to the positioning mark (11) placed in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack. 19. The device according to claim 13, wherein the holding device is displaceable perpendicularly to the main axis of the stator pack. | The invention relates to a method for automatedly manufacturing a stator component, as well as a device for manufacturing a stator component comprising at least one hollow-cylindrical stator pack having a plurality of rod-shaped electrical conductor elements inserted into the stator pack, said conductor elements projecting substantially to the same distance out of the stator pack at the base side as conductor ends while at the front side the conductor ends project out of the stator pack according to their respectively prescribed length, and wherein the stator pack has at least one positioning mark, which is placed in the outer lateral surface of the stator pack and extends in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack and which serves for orienting and positioning the stator pack with respect to at least one forming tool.1. A method for automatedly manufacturing a stator component, comprising the steps:
providing a hollow-cylindrical stator pack having a plurality of stator laminations stacked in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, comprising a plurality of internal grooves extending in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, arranged to be distributed in the circumferential direction and extending continuously from a base side to a front side of the stator pack on the inside of the hollow-cylindrical stator pack, said internal grooves being each equipped with a rod-shaped electrical conductor element such that the rod-shaped electrical conductor elements project substantially to the same distance out of the stator pack at the base side as conductor ends while at the front side the rod-shaped electrical conductor elements project out of the stator pack as conductor ends according to their respectively prescribed length, and the stator pack has at least one positioning mark, which is placed in the outer lateral surface of the stator pack and extends in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, providing at least one forming tool, which for receiving the respective front-side conductor ends comprises recesses distributed in the circumferential direction around a main tool axis, wherein the at least one forming tool is designed to be displaceable at least along the main tool axis, positioning the stator pack in a holding device, wherein: the stator pack is picked up by means of a gripping device of a gripping apparatus which is displaceable in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack and rotatable in the circumferential direction of the stator pack, the stator pack is rotated in the circumferential direction about the main axis of the stator pack, whereby the positioning of the plurality of rod-shaped electrical conductor elements is brought into agreement with the recesses provided for this purpose in the at least one forming tool by means of the positioning mark placed in the lateral surface of the stator pack, at least parts of the lateral surface of the stator pack are detected by means of an optical sensor unit, the angular position of the stator pack is determined by means of the at least one positioning mark, the calculation of correction values for the orientation of the stator pack about the main axis of the stator pack is carried out by means of system control, an angle correction of the stator pack is carried out by rotating the gripping device about the main axis of the stator pack until the conductor ends of the stator pack projecting from the stator pack are aligned with the position of the recesses of the at least one forming tool, which are distributed correspondingly in the circumferential direction about the main tool axis, the stator pack is positioned in the holding device by means of a gripping device according to a predetermined position in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein as at least one positioning mark placed in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, a positioning mark extending from the base side over at least 10%, preferably 25% of the height of the stacked stator laminations is used in the lateral surface of the stator pack. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, a positioning mark placed in the lateral surface of the stator pack in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, is a positioning groove with a V- or U-shaped cross-section with two longitudinal edges extending in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in order to determine a reference position of the at least one positioning mark placed in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, the measurement of the two longitudinal edges of the positioning groove which is V-shaped or U-shaped in cross-section extending in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack is carried out and the center of the two edge positions in the circumferential direction is used as a reference position. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a contrast sensor is used as the optical sensor unit. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a laser sensor is used as the optical sensor unit. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the detection of the lateral surface of the stator pack, the optical sensor unit measures an angular range of more than 5° over the circumference of the lateral surface of the stator pack as well as a length in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack starting from the base side of the stator pack of at least 10%, preferably 25%. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alignment of the stator pack in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack is carried out such that the base side of the stator pack is brought into contact with a stop provided in the holding device. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the angle correction, the holding device clamps the stator pack and the gripping device releases the stator pack. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein after clamping of the stator pack, the holding device is displaced perpendicularly to the main axis of the stator pack until the main axis of the stator pack is aligned with the main tool axis of the at least one forming tool. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein after clamping of the stator pack, the at least one forming tool is moved to the stator pack in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack and encloses the conductor ends with the recesses provided for this purpose at the front side. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein a locking means is brought into contact with the at least one positioning mark placed in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack. 13. A device for automatedly manufacturing a stator component of the kind including at least one hollow-cylindrical stator pack having a plurality of stator laminations stacked in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, and having a plurality of internal grooves extending in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, arranged to be distributed in the circumferential direction and extending continuously from a base side to a front side on the inside of the hollow-cylindrical stator pack, said internal grooves being each equipped with a rod-shaped electrical conductor element and wherein on the base side, the rod-shaped electrical conductor elements are formed as conductor ends projecting substantially to the same distance out of the stator pack while at the front side the rod-shaped electrical conductor elements project out of the stator pack as conductor ends according to their respectively prescribed length, and the stator pack has at least one positioning mark, which is placed in the outer lateral surface of the stator pack and extends in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, the device comprising:
at least one holding device suitable for fixation of the hollow-cylindrical stator pack, at least one gripping apparatus comprising a gripping device suitable for the transport and/or positioning of the hollow-cylindrical stator pack to and/or within the holding device, wherein characterized in that the at least one gripping device is suitable for clamping the hollow-cylindrical stator pack on its inner side and the gripping apparatus has at least one drive unit which is designed to be displaceable for positioning along the direction of the main axis of the stator pack as well as perpendicularly to the direction of the main axis of the stator pack, and has at least one further drive unit which is suitable for positioning the stator pack in the circumferential direction and at least one optical sensor unit is mounted on or within the gripping apparatus, said sensor unit facing the gripping device and consequently the lateral surface of the received laminated core. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the at least one optical sensor unit is a contrast sensor. 15. The device according to claim 13, wherein the at least one optical sensor unit is a laser sensor. 16. The device according to claim 13, wherein a protective device transparent for the optical sensor unit is attached between the at least one optical sensor unit and the gripping device of the gripping apparatus. 17. The device according to claim 13, wherein the optical sensor unit is connected to the gripping device via an electronic system control. 18. The device according to claim 13, wherein the holding device is provided with a locking means displaceable perpendicularly to the positioning mark (11) placed in the direction of the main axis of the stator pack. 19. The device according to claim 13, wherein the holding device is displaceable perpendicularly to the main axis of the stator pack. | 3,600 |
345,563 | 16,643,486 | 3,632 | A method for determining a terminal ID from a message received from a terminal in a communication system avoids sending the terminal ID in the clear. In this system each terminal ID has an associated encryption key. A transmitted message comprises at least a Message Authentication Code (MAC), a n-bit hash, and encrypted message text. At least the terminal key and a nonce is used to generate the MAC, and neither the terminal ID or the terminal key are included in the transmitted message. An authentication broker stores the set of all (terminal ID, terminal key) pairs for the plurality of terminals in the communication system. The set of all terminal keys is grouped into at least two partitions, and on receipt of a message the authentication broker identifies the partition that includes the terminal key of the terminal that transmitted the received message using the n-bit hash (the search partition). The authentication broker then searches the search partition for the terminal key that authenticates the MAC to identify the terminal ID. In some embodiments the nonce is not included in the message but is known or obtainable by the terminal and the authentication broker. A partitioning function generates the «-bit hash from at least the nonce and a terminal key. In some embodiments the nonce is included in the received message and a partitioning function generates the n-bit hash by using the nonce to select n bits from the terminal ID. In some embodiments the partitions are arranged into hierarchical groups such as tree, and each node has a partition key, and the n-bit has is formed as the ordered set of MACs for the partition keys on the path from the root node to the leaf node partition that includes the terminal key. | 1. A method for determining a terminal identifier from a message received from a terminal in a communications system, the method comprising:
receiving, by an access node in a communication system comprising a plurality of access nodes, an authentication broker operatively connected to the plurality of access nodes, and a plurality of terminals, a message transmitted from a terminal having a unique terminal identifier, and terminal key, wherein the received message comprises at least a Message Authentication Code, a n-bit hash, and encrypted message text, and where at least the terminal key and a nonce is used to generate the Message Authentication Code, and neither the terminal identifier nor the terminal key are included in the transmitted message; providing at least the received Message Authentication Code and n-bit hash to the authentication broker, wherein the authentication broker stores the set of all terminal identifier and terminal key pairs for the plurality of terminals in the communication system; partitioning the set of terminal keys into at least two partitions, and identifying a search partition including the terminal key of the terminal that transmitted the received message using the n-bit hash; searching the search partition for the terminal key that authenticates the Message Authentication Code; and identifying the terminal identifier using the terminal key that that authenticates the Message Authentication Code. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nonce is not included in the received message and a predefined partitioning function known to the terminal and the authentication broker is used to generate a n-bit hash from at least the nonce and a terminal key, and the method further comprises obtaining the nonce, wherein the nonce is obtained using either system information known to, or estimable by the authentication broker, or common information known to, or estimable by, both the terminal and the authentication broker. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein partitioning the set of terminal keys comprises generating, for each terminal a n-bit test value by using the obtained nonce with the terminal key as inputs to the predefined partitioning function, and grouping terminals with the same n-bit hash, and identifying the search partition comprises selecting the partition with terminals whose n-bit test value matches the received n-bit hash. 4-5. (canceled) 6. The method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising estimating a geographic region from which the transmission was received, and obtaining the nonce is performed using the last known position for each terminal in the system over a predefined time window, and the search partition contains the terminals whose last known position was within the estimated geographic region. 7. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein obtaining the nonce is performed using timing or frequency patterns of transmissions from terminals in the communication system, and the search partition is identified based on the time of the received transmission. 8. (canceled) 9. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nonce value is obtained by determining a current value of a counter at a time determined with respect to the transmission time of the message, wherein the counted with respect to a predetermined reference time and increment point, and the counter is based on a parameter of a satellite orbit known to the receiver and transmitter, calculated at an estimated time of transmission of the message, wherein the reference time is a reference epoch and the increment point is a predetermined orbital reference point. 10-11. (canceled) 12. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the number of partitions is two and the partitioning and searching are performed concurrently by iterating through the set of all terminal keys by:
calculating, for a terminal, an n-bit test value obtained from applying the predefined partitioning function to the terminal key and nonce; and determining, for a terminal, if the n-bit test value matches the received n-bit hash, and if the n-bit test value matches the received n-bit hash then determining if the terminal key and nonce successfully authenticate the Message Authentication Code. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the nonce is included in the received message and a predefined partitioning function known to the terminal and the authentication broker is used to generate a n-bit hash by using the nonce to select n bits from the terminal identifier, and partitioning the set of terminal keys comprises generating, a n-bit test value for each terminal by using the received nonce and terminal identifier as input to the predefined partitioning function, and grouping terminals with the same n-bit hash, and identifying the search partition comprises selecting the partition with terminals whose n-bit test value matches the received n-bit hash. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the nonce is generated from a pseudo random source by the terminal. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the predefined partitioning function generates an n-bit test value from the nonce and a terminal identifier by:
partitioning the terminal identifier into m n-bit non-overlapping portions; and calculating the value j modulo m of a predefined k-bit portion of the nonce, subject to the requirement that 2k≥m and selecting the j modulo m n-bit portion of the L bit terminal identifier. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the predefined k-bit portion of the nonce is the first or last k-bit portion of the nonce. 17. (canceled) 18. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the nonce is included in the received message and partitioning the set of terminal keys comprises generating m partitionings prior to receiving a message, and where the jth partitioning of the m partitionings is obtained by:
selecting the jth n-bit portion of each terminal identifier, and grouping terminals with the same jth n-bit portion of their terminal identifier to form 2n partitions, for each j=1 . . . m; and
upon receiving a message calculating the value j modulo m of a predefined k-bit portion of the nonce, subject to the requirement that 2k>m, and identifying the search partition comprises selecting the partition in the jth partitioning of the m partitionings which is comprised of terminal keys in which the n-bit portion of their terminal identifier matches the received n-bit hash. 19. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the at least two partitions has an associated partition key, and the n-bit hash comprises a partition Message Authentication code generated from a partition key for the search partition, and identifying the search partition comprises searching the set of partition keys for the partition key that authenticates the received partition Message Authentication code. 20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least two partitions are a plurality of partitions grouped into a tree to form a plurality of hierarchical partition layers, where each partition has an associated partition key, and the n-bit hash is an ordered combination of each partition Message Authentication code generated from each partition key at each layer in a search path traversing the tree from a root node to a leaf node comprising the search partition, and identifying the search partition comprises traversing the tree by searching the set of partition keys at each layer of the tree for the partition key that authenticates the received partition Message Authentication code associated with the layer determined from the ordered combination, wherein the leaf node whose partition key authenticates the received partition Message Authentication code associated with the leaf node layer is the search partition. 21. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least two partitions are a plurality of partitions grouped into a tree to form a plurality of hierarchical partition layers, where each partition except leaf node partitions have an associated partition key, and leaf node partitions each comprises a single terminal key, and the n-bit hash is an ordered combination of each partition Message Authentication code generated from each partition key at each layer in a search path traversing the tree from a root node to a leaf node, and identifying the search partition comprises traversing the tree by searching the set of partition keys at each layer of the tree for the partition key that authenticates the received partition Message Authentication code associated with the layer determined from the ordered combination, until a set of leaf nodes are obtained, and the search partition is the leaf node partition for which the terminal key authenticates the Message Authentication Code of the terminal. 22. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the ordered combination is the order obtained from traversing the tree from the root node to the leaf node and the n-bit hash is a concatenation of each partition Message Authentication code in the search path to the search partition. 23-24. (canceled) 25. The method as claimed claim 1, wherein a plurality of predefined partitioning functions are used to partition the set of terminal keys, and the message further comprises at least a 1 bit indicator field which is used by the authentication broker to determine which predefined partitioning function from the plurality of predefined partitioning functions is to be used to partition the set of terminal keys. 26. (canceled) 27. A method for generating an authenticated message by a terminal for transmission to an access node in a satellite communications system comprising a plurality of terminals, a plurality of access nodes and an authentication broker, wherein each terminal stores a unique terminal identifier and terminal key and the authentication broker stores the set of terminal identifier and terminal key pairs for each of the plurality of terminals, the method comprising:
generating a nonce value; encrypting a message for transmission using a terminal key stored by the terminal and the nonce value to obtain encrypted message text or obtaining encrypted message text for transmission; generating, by the terminal, an n-bit hash using a predefined partitioning function that either generates the n-bit hash from the at least the terminal key and the nonce or that generates a n-bit test value by selecting n bits from the terminal identifier, or where the n-bit hash comprises one or more partition Message Authentication code generated from a partition key associated with a partition that comprises the terminal key; generating a Message Authentication Code using at least the nonce and the terminal key; and transmitting to an access node in the plurality of access nodes, by the terminal, a message comprising at least the n-bit hash, the Message Authentication Code, and the encrypted message text. 28. The method as claimed in claim 27 wherein the nonce value is determined using common information known to, or estimable by, both the terminal and the authentication broker, and the nonce is not transmitted, and a predefined partitioning function generates the n-bit hash from the at least the terminal key and the nonce. 29. The method as claimed in claim 28 wherein the nonce value is obtained by determining the current value of a counter at a time determined with respect to the transmission time of the message, wherein the counter is based on a parameter of the satellite orbit known to the receiver and transmitter, and is counted with respect to a predetermined reference time and increment point. 30-32. (canceled) 33. The method as claimed in claim 27 wherein the nonce is generated from a pseudo random source and is transmitted in the message, and the predefined partitioning function generates the n-bit terminal hash by selecting n bits from the terminal identifier. 34. The method as claimed in claim 33 wherein generating the n-bit terminal hash comprises:
selecting a predefined k-bit portion of the nonce;
partitioning the terminal identifier into m n-bit non overlapping portions subject to 2k≥m;
calculating the value j modulo m of the k-bit portion of the nonce value; and
selecting the jth n-bit portion of the terminal identifier as the n-bit terminal hash. 35. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the partition function further groups a plurality of partitions into a tree comprising a plurality of hierarchical partition layers, and a partition key is associated with each partition, and the n-bit hash is an ordered combination of each partition Message Authentication code generated from each partition key at each layer in a search path traversing the tree from a root node to a leaf node partition comprising the terminal key. 36. (canceled) 37. An authentication broker apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory comprising instructions to configure the processor to determine a terminal identifier from a message received from a terminal in a communications system,
wherein the at least one memory stores the set of all terminal identifier and terminal key pairs for a plurality of terminals in a communication system wherein each terminal has a unique terminal identifier, and terminal key, and stores instructions to configure at least one processor to, receive a Message Authentication Code and a n-bit hash from an access node in the communication system, wherein the Message Authentication Code and n-bit hash are extracted from a message received by the access node from a terminal, wherein the received message does not include the terminal identifier or the terminal key of the terminal; partitioning the set of terminal keys into at least two partitions, and identifying a search partition including the terminal key of the terminal that transmitted the receive message using the n-bit hash; searching the search partition for the terminal key that authenticates the Message Authentication Code; and identifying the terminal identifier using the terminal key that that authenticates the Message Authentication Code. 38. A terminal apparatus comprising an antenna, communications hardware comprising a transmitter, at least one processor and at least one memory;
wherein, the at least one memory stores a unique terminal identifier and terminal key and stores instructions to configure at least one processor to: generate a nonce value, encrypt a message for transmission using the terminal key and the nonce value to obtain encrypted message text or obtain an encrypted message text for transmission; generate a n-bit hash using a predefined partitioning function that either generates the n-bit hash from the at least the terminal key and the nonce or that generates a n-bit test value by selecting n bits from the terminal identifier, or where the n-bit hash comprises one or more partition Message Authentication code generated from a partition key associated with a partition that comprises the terminal key; generate a Message Authentication Code using at least the nonce and the terminal key; and transmit a message comprising at least the n-bit hash, the Message Authentication Code, and the encrypted message text. 39-42. (canceled) | A method for determining a terminal ID from a message received from a terminal in a communication system avoids sending the terminal ID in the clear. In this system each terminal ID has an associated encryption key. A transmitted message comprises at least a Message Authentication Code (MAC), a n-bit hash, and encrypted message text. At least the terminal key and a nonce is used to generate the MAC, and neither the terminal ID or the terminal key are included in the transmitted message. An authentication broker stores the set of all (terminal ID, terminal key) pairs for the plurality of terminals in the communication system. The set of all terminal keys is grouped into at least two partitions, and on receipt of a message the authentication broker identifies the partition that includes the terminal key of the terminal that transmitted the received message using the n-bit hash (the search partition). The authentication broker then searches the search partition for the terminal key that authenticates the MAC to identify the terminal ID. In some embodiments the nonce is not included in the message but is known or obtainable by the terminal and the authentication broker. A partitioning function generates the «-bit hash from at least the nonce and a terminal key. In some embodiments the nonce is included in the received message and a partitioning function generates the n-bit hash by using the nonce to select n bits from the terminal ID. In some embodiments the partitions are arranged into hierarchical groups such as tree, and each node has a partition key, and the n-bit has is formed as the ordered set of MACs for the partition keys on the path from the root node to the leaf node partition that includes the terminal key.1. A method for determining a terminal identifier from a message received from a terminal in a communications system, the method comprising:
receiving, by an access node in a communication system comprising a plurality of access nodes, an authentication broker operatively connected to the plurality of access nodes, and a plurality of terminals, a message transmitted from a terminal having a unique terminal identifier, and terminal key, wherein the received message comprises at least a Message Authentication Code, a n-bit hash, and encrypted message text, and where at least the terminal key and a nonce is used to generate the Message Authentication Code, and neither the terminal identifier nor the terminal key are included in the transmitted message; providing at least the received Message Authentication Code and n-bit hash to the authentication broker, wherein the authentication broker stores the set of all terminal identifier and terminal key pairs for the plurality of terminals in the communication system; partitioning the set of terminal keys into at least two partitions, and identifying a search partition including the terminal key of the terminal that transmitted the received message using the n-bit hash; searching the search partition for the terminal key that authenticates the Message Authentication Code; and identifying the terminal identifier using the terminal key that that authenticates the Message Authentication Code. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nonce is not included in the received message and a predefined partitioning function known to the terminal and the authentication broker is used to generate a n-bit hash from at least the nonce and a terminal key, and the method further comprises obtaining the nonce, wherein the nonce is obtained using either system information known to, or estimable by the authentication broker, or common information known to, or estimable by, both the terminal and the authentication broker. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein partitioning the set of terminal keys comprises generating, for each terminal a n-bit test value by using the obtained nonce with the terminal key as inputs to the predefined partitioning function, and grouping terminals with the same n-bit hash, and identifying the search partition comprises selecting the partition with terminals whose n-bit test value matches the received n-bit hash. 4-5. (canceled) 6. The method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising estimating a geographic region from which the transmission was received, and obtaining the nonce is performed using the last known position for each terminal in the system over a predefined time window, and the search partition contains the terminals whose last known position was within the estimated geographic region. 7. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein obtaining the nonce is performed using timing or frequency patterns of transmissions from terminals in the communication system, and the search partition is identified based on the time of the received transmission. 8. (canceled) 9. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nonce value is obtained by determining a current value of a counter at a time determined with respect to the transmission time of the message, wherein the counted with respect to a predetermined reference time and increment point, and the counter is based on a parameter of a satellite orbit known to the receiver and transmitter, calculated at an estimated time of transmission of the message, wherein the reference time is a reference epoch and the increment point is a predetermined orbital reference point. 10-11. (canceled) 12. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the number of partitions is two and the partitioning and searching are performed concurrently by iterating through the set of all terminal keys by:
calculating, for a terminal, an n-bit test value obtained from applying the predefined partitioning function to the terminal key and nonce; and determining, for a terminal, if the n-bit test value matches the received n-bit hash, and if the n-bit test value matches the received n-bit hash then determining if the terminal key and nonce successfully authenticate the Message Authentication Code. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the nonce is included in the received message and a predefined partitioning function known to the terminal and the authentication broker is used to generate a n-bit hash by using the nonce to select n bits from the terminal identifier, and partitioning the set of terminal keys comprises generating, a n-bit test value for each terminal by using the received nonce and terminal identifier as input to the predefined partitioning function, and grouping terminals with the same n-bit hash, and identifying the search partition comprises selecting the partition with terminals whose n-bit test value matches the received n-bit hash. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the nonce is generated from a pseudo random source by the terminal. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the predefined partitioning function generates an n-bit test value from the nonce and a terminal identifier by:
partitioning the terminal identifier into m n-bit non-overlapping portions; and calculating the value j modulo m of a predefined k-bit portion of the nonce, subject to the requirement that 2k≥m and selecting the j modulo m n-bit portion of the L bit terminal identifier. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the predefined k-bit portion of the nonce is the first or last k-bit portion of the nonce. 17. (canceled) 18. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the nonce is included in the received message and partitioning the set of terminal keys comprises generating m partitionings prior to receiving a message, and where the jth partitioning of the m partitionings is obtained by:
selecting the jth n-bit portion of each terminal identifier, and grouping terminals with the same jth n-bit portion of their terminal identifier to form 2n partitions, for each j=1 . . . m; and
upon receiving a message calculating the value j modulo m of a predefined k-bit portion of the nonce, subject to the requirement that 2k>m, and identifying the search partition comprises selecting the partition in the jth partitioning of the m partitionings which is comprised of terminal keys in which the n-bit portion of their terminal identifier matches the received n-bit hash. 19. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the at least two partitions has an associated partition key, and the n-bit hash comprises a partition Message Authentication code generated from a partition key for the search partition, and identifying the search partition comprises searching the set of partition keys for the partition key that authenticates the received partition Message Authentication code. 20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least two partitions are a plurality of partitions grouped into a tree to form a plurality of hierarchical partition layers, where each partition has an associated partition key, and the n-bit hash is an ordered combination of each partition Message Authentication code generated from each partition key at each layer in a search path traversing the tree from a root node to a leaf node comprising the search partition, and identifying the search partition comprises traversing the tree by searching the set of partition keys at each layer of the tree for the partition key that authenticates the received partition Message Authentication code associated with the layer determined from the ordered combination, wherein the leaf node whose partition key authenticates the received partition Message Authentication code associated with the leaf node layer is the search partition. 21. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least two partitions are a plurality of partitions grouped into a tree to form a plurality of hierarchical partition layers, where each partition except leaf node partitions have an associated partition key, and leaf node partitions each comprises a single terminal key, and the n-bit hash is an ordered combination of each partition Message Authentication code generated from each partition key at each layer in a search path traversing the tree from a root node to a leaf node, and identifying the search partition comprises traversing the tree by searching the set of partition keys at each layer of the tree for the partition key that authenticates the received partition Message Authentication code associated with the layer determined from the ordered combination, until a set of leaf nodes are obtained, and the search partition is the leaf node partition for which the terminal key authenticates the Message Authentication Code of the terminal. 22. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the ordered combination is the order obtained from traversing the tree from the root node to the leaf node and the n-bit hash is a concatenation of each partition Message Authentication code in the search path to the search partition. 23-24. (canceled) 25. The method as claimed claim 1, wherein a plurality of predefined partitioning functions are used to partition the set of terminal keys, and the message further comprises at least a 1 bit indicator field which is used by the authentication broker to determine which predefined partitioning function from the plurality of predefined partitioning functions is to be used to partition the set of terminal keys. 26. (canceled) 27. A method for generating an authenticated message by a terminal for transmission to an access node in a satellite communications system comprising a plurality of terminals, a plurality of access nodes and an authentication broker, wherein each terminal stores a unique terminal identifier and terminal key and the authentication broker stores the set of terminal identifier and terminal key pairs for each of the plurality of terminals, the method comprising:
generating a nonce value; encrypting a message for transmission using a terminal key stored by the terminal and the nonce value to obtain encrypted message text or obtaining encrypted message text for transmission; generating, by the terminal, an n-bit hash using a predefined partitioning function that either generates the n-bit hash from the at least the terminal key and the nonce or that generates a n-bit test value by selecting n bits from the terminal identifier, or where the n-bit hash comprises one or more partition Message Authentication code generated from a partition key associated with a partition that comprises the terminal key; generating a Message Authentication Code using at least the nonce and the terminal key; and transmitting to an access node in the plurality of access nodes, by the terminal, a message comprising at least the n-bit hash, the Message Authentication Code, and the encrypted message text. 28. The method as claimed in claim 27 wherein the nonce value is determined using common information known to, or estimable by, both the terminal and the authentication broker, and the nonce is not transmitted, and a predefined partitioning function generates the n-bit hash from the at least the terminal key and the nonce. 29. The method as claimed in claim 28 wherein the nonce value is obtained by determining the current value of a counter at a time determined with respect to the transmission time of the message, wherein the counter is based on a parameter of the satellite orbit known to the receiver and transmitter, and is counted with respect to a predetermined reference time and increment point. 30-32. (canceled) 33. The method as claimed in claim 27 wherein the nonce is generated from a pseudo random source and is transmitted in the message, and the predefined partitioning function generates the n-bit terminal hash by selecting n bits from the terminal identifier. 34. The method as claimed in claim 33 wherein generating the n-bit terminal hash comprises:
selecting a predefined k-bit portion of the nonce;
partitioning the terminal identifier into m n-bit non overlapping portions subject to 2k≥m;
calculating the value j modulo m of the k-bit portion of the nonce value; and
selecting the jth n-bit portion of the terminal identifier as the n-bit terminal hash. 35. The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the partition function further groups a plurality of partitions into a tree comprising a plurality of hierarchical partition layers, and a partition key is associated with each partition, and the n-bit hash is an ordered combination of each partition Message Authentication code generated from each partition key at each layer in a search path traversing the tree from a root node to a leaf node partition comprising the terminal key. 36. (canceled) 37. An authentication broker apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory comprising instructions to configure the processor to determine a terminal identifier from a message received from a terminal in a communications system,
wherein the at least one memory stores the set of all terminal identifier and terminal key pairs for a plurality of terminals in a communication system wherein each terminal has a unique terminal identifier, and terminal key, and stores instructions to configure at least one processor to, receive a Message Authentication Code and a n-bit hash from an access node in the communication system, wherein the Message Authentication Code and n-bit hash are extracted from a message received by the access node from a terminal, wherein the received message does not include the terminal identifier or the terminal key of the terminal; partitioning the set of terminal keys into at least two partitions, and identifying a search partition including the terminal key of the terminal that transmitted the receive message using the n-bit hash; searching the search partition for the terminal key that authenticates the Message Authentication Code; and identifying the terminal identifier using the terminal key that that authenticates the Message Authentication Code. 38. A terminal apparatus comprising an antenna, communications hardware comprising a transmitter, at least one processor and at least one memory;
wherein, the at least one memory stores a unique terminal identifier and terminal key and stores instructions to configure at least one processor to: generate a nonce value, encrypt a message for transmission using the terminal key and the nonce value to obtain encrypted message text or obtain an encrypted message text for transmission; generate a n-bit hash using a predefined partitioning function that either generates the n-bit hash from the at least the terminal key and the nonce or that generates a n-bit test value by selecting n bits from the terminal identifier, or where the n-bit hash comprises one or more partition Message Authentication code generated from a partition key associated with a partition that comprises the terminal key; generate a Message Authentication Code using at least the nonce and the terminal key; and transmit a message comprising at least the n-bit hash, the Message Authentication Code, and the encrypted message text. 39-42. (canceled) | 3,600 |
345,564 | 16,643,493 | 3,632 | A frying unit, comprising an oil pan (1) which is essentially open on top, a transport unit (2), using which a basket (3) is movable from a filling position into the interior of the oil pan (1) and using which the basket (3) is movable from the interior of the oil pan (1) into an emptying position, wherein the oil pan (1) is designed in such a way that it can accommodate multiple baskets (3) simultaneously, and the transport unit (2) is designed in such a way that the baskets (3) are movable independently of one another. | 1. A frying unit, comprising
an oil pan (1) which is essentially open on top, a transport unit (2), using which a basket (3) is movable from a filling position into the interior of the oil pan (1) and using which the basket (3) is movable from the interior of the oil pan (1) into an emptying position, characterized in that the oil pan (1) is designed in such a way that it can accommodate multiple baskets (3) simultaneously, and the transport unit (2) is designed in such a way that the baskets (3) are movable independently of one another. 2. The frying unit according to claim 1, wherein the oil pan (1) comprises a bottom (10) and side walls (11) which adjoin thereon and are closed per se and wherein a heating coil (12), using which oil is heatable which is located in the oil pan (1), is located in the interior of the oil pan (1), spaced apart from the bottom (10) and the side walls (11). 3. The frying unit according to claim 1, wherein the oil pan (1) comprises basket receptacles (13, 130), in which the baskets (3) can be accommodated, wherein the baskets (3) can be arranged in upper basket receptacles (13) above the oil, which is located in the oil pan (1) and wherein the baskets (3) can be arranged in lower basket receptacles (130) in this oil. 4. The frying unit according to claim 1, wherein the transport unit (2) comprises a vertical guide (20), a vertical drive (21), and a horizontal guide (22) connected thereto and a horizontal drive (23), using which a basket holder (240) is movable horizontally and/or vertically, wherein a basket (3) is releasably held using the basket holder (240). 5. The frying unit according to claim 4, wherein the vertical drive (20) and/or the horizontal drive (21) is a drive which is selectable from the group comprising spindle drives, belt drives, chain drives, linear motors, linear cylinders, and the like. 6. The frying unit according to claim 4, comprising at least one basket (3), wherein the basket (3) comprises a bottom (30) and side walls (31) adjoining thereon and adjoining each other, which are at least partially oil-permeable, wherein a holder (32) is provided at an upper end of the basket (3), which can be held by the basket holder (240), and wherein a receptacle element (33) is provided at a lower end of the basket (3), which can be accommodated in the basket receptacles (13, 130). 7. The frying unit according to claim 6, wherein the bottom (30) of the basket (3) is fixedly connected to the side walls (31) or wherein the bottom (30) comprises at least one flap, which is arranged so it is pivotable on one of the side walls (31). 8. The frying unit according to claim 6, wherein a first side wall (31) comprises at least one flap, which is arranged so it is pivotable on at least one side wall (31) adjacent to the first side wall (31) or is arranged so it is pivotable on the bottom (30). 9. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising an oil processing unit (4) having a discharge line (40), a filter (41) connected to the discharge line (40), a pump (42) connected to the filter (41), and a return line (43) connected to the pump (42), using which oil can be discharged from the oil pan (1), filtered, and returned to the oil pan (1). 10. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising an emptying unit (5), using which fried material can be emptied from the basket (3) in the emptying position. 11. The frying unit according to claim 10, wherein the emptying unit (5) comprises a pivot unit, using which the basket (3) is pivotable around an axis or wherein the emptying unit (5) comprises a flap unit, using which the at least one flap of the basket (3) is actuatable for opening and/or closing. 12. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising a cover (6), which can be lowered and using which the oil pan (1) can be at least partially covered. 13. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising a ventilation unit (7) having a fan, a filter, and/or an oil separator. 14. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising a housing, which at least partially encloses the above-mentioned components of the frying unit. 15. An automatic deep fryer (9), comprising
a housing (90), a metering apparatus (8), which is arranged in an upper region of the housing (90), a frying unit according to claim 1, which is arranged below the metering apparatus (8), wherein piece goods which leave the metering apparatus (8) can move to the frying unit. 16. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 15, comprising
a conveyor unit (91), a removal unit (92), an input unit (93), a payment unit (94), a security unit (95), and a transmission unit (96). 17. A method for frying piece goods, comprising the following steps:
providing a frying unit according to claim 1; moving the basket (3) into the filling position; filling the basket (3) using piece goods in the filling position; moving the basket (3) from the filling position into the interior of the oil pan (1) using the transport unit (2); frying the piece goods in the basket (3) in the interior of the oil pan (1); moving the basket (3) from the interior of the oil pan (1) into an emptying position using the transport unit (2). | A frying unit, comprising an oil pan (1) which is essentially open on top, a transport unit (2), using which a basket (3) is movable from a filling position into the interior of the oil pan (1) and using which the basket (3) is movable from the interior of the oil pan (1) into an emptying position, wherein the oil pan (1) is designed in such a way that it can accommodate multiple baskets (3) simultaneously, and the transport unit (2) is designed in such a way that the baskets (3) are movable independently of one another.1. A frying unit, comprising
an oil pan (1) which is essentially open on top, a transport unit (2), using which a basket (3) is movable from a filling position into the interior of the oil pan (1) and using which the basket (3) is movable from the interior of the oil pan (1) into an emptying position, characterized in that the oil pan (1) is designed in such a way that it can accommodate multiple baskets (3) simultaneously, and the transport unit (2) is designed in such a way that the baskets (3) are movable independently of one another. 2. The frying unit according to claim 1, wherein the oil pan (1) comprises a bottom (10) and side walls (11) which adjoin thereon and are closed per se and wherein a heating coil (12), using which oil is heatable which is located in the oil pan (1), is located in the interior of the oil pan (1), spaced apart from the bottom (10) and the side walls (11). 3. The frying unit according to claim 1, wherein the oil pan (1) comprises basket receptacles (13, 130), in which the baskets (3) can be accommodated, wherein the baskets (3) can be arranged in upper basket receptacles (13) above the oil, which is located in the oil pan (1) and wherein the baskets (3) can be arranged in lower basket receptacles (130) in this oil. 4. The frying unit according to claim 1, wherein the transport unit (2) comprises a vertical guide (20), a vertical drive (21), and a horizontal guide (22) connected thereto and a horizontal drive (23), using which a basket holder (240) is movable horizontally and/or vertically, wherein a basket (3) is releasably held using the basket holder (240). 5. The frying unit according to claim 4, wherein the vertical drive (20) and/or the horizontal drive (21) is a drive which is selectable from the group comprising spindle drives, belt drives, chain drives, linear motors, linear cylinders, and the like. 6. The frying unit according to claim 4, comprising at least one basket (3), wherein the basket (3) comprises a bottom (30) and side walls (31) adjoining thereon and adjoining each other, which are at least partially oil-permeable, wherein a holder (32) is provided at an upper end of the basket (3), which can be held by the basket holder (240), and wherein a receptacle element (33) is provided at a lower end of the basket (3), which can be accommodated in the basket receptacles (13, 130). 7. The frying unit according to claim 6, wherein the bottom (30) of the basket (3) is fixedly connected to the side walls (31) or wherein the bottom (30) comprises at least one flap, which is arranged so it is pivotable on one of the side walls (31). 8. The frying unit according to claim 6, wherein a first side wall (31) comprises at least one flap, which is arranged so it is pivotable on at least one side wall (31) adjacent to the first side wall (31) or is arranged so it is pivotable on the bottom (30). 9. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising an oil processing unit (4) having a discharge line (40), a filter (41) connected to the discharge line (40), a pump (42) connected to the filter (41), and a return line (43) connected to the pump (42), using which oil can be discharged from the oil pan (1), filtered, and returned to the oil pan (1). 10. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising an emptying unit (5), using which fried material can be emptied from the basket (3) in the emptying position. 11. The frying unit according to claim 10, wherein the emptying unit (5) comprises a pivot unit, using which the basket (3) is pivotable around an axis or wherein the emptying unit (5) comprises a flap unit, using which the at least one flap of the basket (3) is actuatable for opening and/or closing. 12. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising a cover (6), which can be lowered and using which the oil pan (1) can be at least partially covered. 13. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising a ventilation unit (7) having a fan, a filter, and/or an oil separator. 14. The frying unit according to claim 1, comprising a housing, which at least partially encloses the above-mentioned components of the frying unit. 15. An automatic deep fryer (9), comprising
a housing (90), a metering apparatus (8), which is arranged in an upper region of the housing (90), a frying unit according to claim 1, which is arranged below the metering apparatus (8), wherein piece goods which leave the metering apparatus (8) can move to the frying unit. 16. The automatic deep fryer (9) according to claim 15, comprising
a conveyor unit (91), a removal unit (92), an input unit (93), a payment unit (94), a security unit (95), and a transmission unit (96). 17. A method for frying piece goods, comprising the following steps:
providing a frying unit according to claim 1; moving the basket (3) into the filling position; filling the basket (3) using piece goods in the filling position; moving the basket (3) from the filling position into the interior of the oil pan (1) using the transport unit (2); frying the piece goods in the basket (3) in the interior of the oil pan (1); moving the basket (3) from the interior of the oil pan (1) into an emptying position using the transport unit (2). | 3,600 |
345,565 | 16,643,470 | 3,632 | A computer program product, system, and method to manage access to storage resources from multiple applications. A plurality of virtual controllers is generated in a host memory space. Each virtual controller includes at least one virtual namespace that maps to a physical namespace in a physical controller. Applications are assigned to the virtual controllers. For each application of the applications assigned one of the virtual controllers, a virtual submission queue is generated to communicate with the virtual controller assigned to the application. An Input/Output (I/O) request to a target virtual namespace in one of the virtual submission queues is added to a physical submission queue for the physical controller having the physical namespace for which the target virtual namespace was generated. | 1. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage media executed in a host system in communication with a plurality of storage devices, wherein the computer readable storage media includes program code executed to:
generate a plurality of virtual controllers in a host memory space, wherein each virtual controller includes at least one virtual namespace, wherein each of the at least one virtual namespace in each virtual controller maps to a physical namespace in a physical controller of one of the storage devices; assign each of a plurality of applications with a virtual controller of the virtual controllers; for each application of the applications assigned one of the virtual controllers, generate a virtual submission queue for the application to use to communicate with the virtual controller assigned to the application; and add an Input/Output (I/O) request to a target virtual namespace in one of the virtual submission queues to a physical submission queue for the physical controller having the physical namespace for which the target virtual namespace was generated. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the virtual controllers are maintained in a user space of a host system memory, and wherein an I/O service layer executing in the user space is to generate the virtual controllers, generate the virtual namespace for each physical namespace, indicate the application assigned to the virtual namespace, generate the virtual submission queue, process I/O request in the virtual submission queue, determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue. 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein each physical namespace is associated with only one virtual namespace, and wherein each virtual namespace is only assigned to one virtual controller, and wherein each virtual controller is only assigned to one of the applications. 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein at least one of the virtual controllers includes at least one virtual namespace that maps to at least one physical namespace in only one physical controller. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein one of the virtual controllers includes a plurality of virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in different physical controllers to allow the application to stripe data across the physical namespaces in the different physical controllers by queueing I/O requests to the virtual namespaces in the virtual submission queue for the application and the virtual controller having the virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in the different physical controllers. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executed to:
process each virtual submission queue of virtual submission queues to alternate access of I/O requests from the virtual submission queues, wherein to determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue is performed in response to the access of each of the I/O requests from the virtual submission queues. 7. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein to process each of the virtual submission queues is to process a fixed number of I/O requests from each of the virtual submission queues before the process of I/O requests from another of the virtual submission queues. 8. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein priorities are indicated for the applications, wherein the priorities for the applications are used to determine a frequency at which I/O requests are processed from the virtual submission queues, wherein the virtual submission queues having I/O requests from applications having a higher priority are processed at a greater frequency than the virtual submission queues having I/O requests from applications having a lower priority. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executed to:
receive a first request from a requesting application to discover storage devices; return, to the requesting application, information on the virtual controllers and virtual namespaces in the virtual controllers in response to the first request; receive a second request by the requesting application to create a virtual submission queue for a selected virtual controller of the virtual controllers indicated in the returned information; generating a virtual submission queue for the selected virtual controller for the requesting application to use in response to the second request; and assigning to the requesting application the selected virtual controller with indication of an assigned priority based on a quality of service level determined for the application, wherein the requesting application submits I/O requests in the virtual submission queue to be processed at a frequency corresponding to the assigned priority. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the program code is further executed to:
determine at least one virtual controller not assigned to an application in response to the first request from the requesting application, wherein the information returned to the requesting application on the virtual controllers and virtual namespaces comprises only the determined at least one virtual controller not assigned to an application. 11. A system in communication with a plurality of storage devices, comprising:
a processor; and a computer readable storage media including program code that the processor executes to:
generate a plurality of virtual controllers in a memory space, wherein each virtual controller includes at least one virtual namespace, wherein each of the at least one virtual namespace in each virtual controller maps to a physical namespace in a physical controller of one of the storage devices;
assign each of a plurality of applications with a virtual controller of the virtual controllers;
for each application of the applications assigned one of the virtual controllers, generate a virtual submission queue for the application to use to communicate with the virtual controller assigned to the application; and
add an Input/Output (I/O) request to a target virtual namespace in one of the virtual submission queues to a physical submission queue for the physical controller having the physical namespace for which the target virtual namespace was generated. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the virtual controllers are maintained in a user space of a host system memory, and wherein an I/O service layer executing in the user space is to generate the virtual controllers, generate the virtual namespace for each physical namespace, indicate the application assigned to the virtual namespace, generate the virtual submission queue, process I/O request in the virtual submission queue, determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein each physical namespace is associated with only one virtual namespace, and wherein each virtual namespace is only assigned to one virtual controller, and wherein each virtual controller is only assigned to one of the applications. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein at least one of the virtual controllers includes at least one virtual namespace that maps to at least one physical namespace in only one physical controller. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein one of the virtual controllers includes a plurality of virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in different physical controllers to allow the application to stripe data across the physical namespaces in the different physical controllers by queueing I/O requests to the virtual namespaces in the virtual submission queue for the application and the virtual controller having the virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in the different physical controllers. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the program code is further executed to:
process each virtual submission queue of virtual submission queues to alternate access of I/O requests from the virtual submission queues, wherein to determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue is performed in response to the access of each of the I/O requests from the virtual submission queues. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein priorities are indicated for the applications, wherein the priorities for the applications are used to determine a frequency at which I/O requests are processed from the virtual submission queues, wherein the virtual submission queues having I/O requests from applications having a higher priority are processed at a greater frequency than the virtual submission queues having I/O requests from applications having a lower priority. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the program code is further executed to:
receive a first request from a requesting application to discover storage devices; return, to the requesting application, information on the virtual controllers and virtual namespaces in the virtual controllers in response to the first request; receive a second request by the requesting application to create a virtual submission queue for a selected virtual controller of the virtual controllers indicated in the returned information; generating a virtual submission queue for the selected virtual controller for the requesting application to use in response to the second request; and assigning to the requesting application the selected virtual controller with indication of an assigned priority based on a quality of service level determined for the application, wherein the requesting application submits I/O requests in the virtual submission queue to be processed at a frequency corresponding to the assigned priority. 19. A method for communicating with a plurality of storage devices, comprising:
generating a plurality of virtual controllers in a host memory space, wherein each virtual controller includes at least one virtual namespace, wherein each of the at least one virtual namespace in each virtual controller maps to a physical namespace in a physical controller of one of the storage devices; assigning each of a plurality of applications with a virtual controller of the virtual controllers; for each application of the applications assigned one of the virtual controllers, generating a virtual submission queue for the application to use to communicate with the virtual controller assigned to the application; adding an Input/Output (I/O) request to a target virtual namespace in one of the virtual submission queues to a physical submission queue for the physical controller having the physical namespace for which the target virtual namespace was generated. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the virtual controllers are maintained in a user space of a host system memory, and wherein an I/O service layer executing in the user space is to generate the virtual controllers, generate the virtual namespace for each physical namespace, indicate the application assigned to the virtual namespace, generate the virtual submission queue, process I/O request in the virtual submission queue, determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein each physical namespace is associated with only one virtual namespace, and wherein each virtual namespace is only assigned to one virtual controller, and wherein each virtual controller is only assigned to one of the applications. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein at least one of the virtual controllers includes at least one virtual namespace that maps to at least one physical namespace in only one physical controller. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein one of the virtual controllers includes a plurality of virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in different physical controllers to allow the application to stripe data across the physical namespaces in the different physical controllers by queueing I/O requests to the virtual namespaces in the virtual submission queue for the application and the virtual controller having the virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in the different physical controllers. 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
processing each virtual submission queue of virtual submission queues to alternate access of I/O requests from the virtual submission queues, wherein to determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue is performed in response to the access of each of the I/O requests from the virtual submission queues. 25. (canceled) | A computer program product, system, and method to manage access to storage resources from multiple applications. A plurality of virtual controllers is generated in a host memory space. Each virtual controller includes at least one virtual namespace that maps to a physical namespace in a physical controller. Applications are assigned to the virtual controllers. For each application of the applications assigned one of the virtual controllers, a virtual submission queue is generated to communicate with the virtual controller assigned to the application. An Input/Output (I/O) request to a target virtual namespace in one of the virtual submission queues is added to a physical submission queue for the physical controller having the physical namespace for which the target virtual namespace was generated.1. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage media executed in a host system in communication with a plurality of storage devices, wherein the computer readable storage media includes program code executed to:
generate a plurality of virtual controllers in a host memory space, wherein each virtual controller includes at least one virtual namespace, wherein each of the at least one virtual namespace in each virtual controller maps to a physical namespace in a physical controller of one of the storage devices; assign each of a plurality of applications with a virtual controller of the virtual controllers; for each application of the applications assigned one of the virtual controllers, generate a virtual submission queue for the application to use to communicate with the virtual controller assigned to the application; and add an Input/Output (I/O) request to a target virtual namespace in one of the virtual submission queues to a physical submission queue for the physical controller having the physical namespace for which the target virtual namespace was generated. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the virtual controllers are maintained in a user space of a host system memory, and wherein an I/O service layer executing in the user space is to generate the virtual controllers, generate the virtual namespace for each physical namespace, indicate the application assigned to the virtual namespace, generate the virtual submission queue, process I/O request in the virtual submission queue, determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue. 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein each physical namespace is associated with only one virtual namespace, and wherein each virtual namespace is only assigned to one virtual controller, and wherein each virtual controller is only assigned to one of the applications. 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein at least one of the virtual controllers includes at least one virtual namespace that maps to at least one physical namespace in only one physical controller. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein one of the virtual controllers includes a plurality of virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in different physical controllers to allow the application to stripe data across the physical namespaces in the different physical controllers by queueing I/O requests to the virtual namespaces in the virtual submission queue for the application and the virtual controller having the virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in the different physical controllers. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executed to:
process each virtual submission queue of virtual submission queues to alternate access of I/O requests from the virtual submission queues, wherein to determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue is performed in response to the access of each of the I/O requests from the virtual submission queues. 7. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein to process each of the virtual submission queues is to process a fixed number of I/O requests from each of the virtual submission queues before the process of I/O requests from another of the virtual submission queues. 8. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein priorities are indicated for the applications, wherein the priorities for the applications are used to determine a frequency at which I/O requests are processed from the virtual submission queues, wherein the virtual submission queues having I/O requests from applications having a higher priority are processed at a greater frequency than the virtual submission queues having I/O requests from applications having a lower priority. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executed to:
receive a first request from a requesting application to discover storage devices; return, to the requesting application, information on the virtual controllers and virtual namespaces in the virtual controllers in response to the first request; receive a second request by the requesting application to create a virtual submission queue for a selected virtual controller of the virtual controllers indicated in the returned information; generating a virtual submission queue for the selected virtual controller for the requesting application to use in response to the second request; and assigning to the requesting application the selected virtual controller with indication of an assigned priority based on a quality of service level determined for the application, wherein the requesting application submits I/O requests in the virtual submission queue to be processed at a frequency corresponding to the assigned priority. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the program code is further executed to:
determine at least one virtual controller not assigned to an application in response to the first request from the requesting application, wherein the information returned to the requesting application on the virtual controllers and virtual namespaces comprises only the determined at least one virtual controller not assigned to an application. 11. A system in communication with a plurality of storage devices, comprising:
a processor; and a computer readable storage media including program code that the processor executes to:
generate a plurality of virtual controllers in a memory space, wherein each virtual controller includes at least one virtual namespace, wherein each of the at least one virtual namespace in each virtual controller maps to a physical namespace in a physical controller of one of the storage devices;
assign each of a plurality of applications with a virtual controller of the virtual controllers;
for each application of the applications assigned one of the virtual controllers, generate a virtual submission queue for the application to use to communicate with the virtual controller assigned to the application; and
add an Input/Output (I/O) request to a target virtual namespace in one of the virtual submission queues to a physical submission queue for the physical controller having the physical namespace for which the target virtual namespace was generated. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the virtual controllers are maintained in a user space of a host system memory, and wherein an I/O service layer executing in the user space is to generate the virtual controllers, generate the virtual namespace for each physical namespace, indicate the application assigned to the virtual namespace, generate the virtual submission queue, process I/O request in the virtual submission queue, determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein each physical namespace is associated with only one virtual namespace, and wherein each virtual namespace is only assigned to one virtual controller, and wherein each virtual controller is only assigned to one of the applications. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein at least one of the virtual controllers includes at least one virtual namespace that maps to at least one physical namespace in only one physical controller. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein one of the virtual controllers includes a plurality of virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in different physical controllers to allow the application to stripe data across the physical namespaces in the different physical controllers by queueing I/O requests to the virtual namespaces in the virtual submission queue for the application and the virtual controller having the virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in the different physical controllers. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the program code is further executed to:
process each virtual submission queue of virtual submission queues to alternate access of I/O requests from the virtual submission queues, wherein to determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue is performed in response to the access of each of the I/O requests from the virtual submission queues. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein priorities are indicated for the applications, wherein the priorities for the applications are used to determine a frequency at which I/O requests are processed from the virtual submission queues, wherein the virtual submission queues having I/O requests from applications having a higher priority are processed at a greater frequency than the virtual submission queues having I/O requests from applications having a lower priority. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the program code is further executed to:
receive a first request from a requesting application to discover storage devices; return, to the requesting application, information on the virtual controllers and virtual namespaces in the virtual controllers in response to the first request; receive a second request by the requesting application to create a virtual submission queue for a selected virtual controller of the virtual controllers indicated in the returned information; generating a virtual submission queue for the selected virtual controller for the requesting application to use in response to the second request; and assigning to the requesting application the selected virtual controller with indication of an assigned priority based on a quality of service level determined for the application, wherein the requesting application submits I/O requests in the virtual submission queue to be processed at a frequency corresponding to the assigned priority. 19. A method for communicating with a plurality of storage devices, comprising:
generating a plurality of virtual controllers in a host memory space, wherein each virtual controller includes at least one virtual namespace, wherein each of the at least one virtual namespace in each virtual controller maps to a physical namespace in a physical controller of one of the storage devices; assigning each of a plurality of applications with a virtual controller of the virtual controllers; for each application of the applications assigned one of the virtual controllers, generating a virtual submission queue for the application to use to communicate with the virtual controller assigned to the application; adding an Input/Output (I/O) request to a target virtual namespace in one of the virtual submission queues to a physical submission queue for the physical controller having the physical namespace for which the target virtual namespace was generated. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the virtual controllers are maintained in a user space of a host system memory, and wherein an I/O service layer executing in the user space is to generate the virtual controllers, generate the virtual namespace for each physical namespace, indicate the application assigned to the virtual namespace, generate the virtual submission queue, process I/O request in the virtual submission queue, determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein each physical namespace is associated with only one virtual namespace, and wherein each virtual namespace is only assigned to one virtual controller, and wherein each virtual controller is only assigned to one of the applications. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein at least one of the virtual controllers includes at least one virtual namespace that maps to at least one physical namespace in only one physical controller. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein one of the virtual controllers includes a plurality of virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in different physical controllers to allow the application to stripe data across the physical namespaces in the different physical controllers by queueing I/O requests to the virtual namespaces in the virtual submission queue for the application and the virtual controller having the virtual namespaces that map to physical namespaces in the different physical controllers. 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
processing each virtual submission queue of virtual submission queues to alternate access of I/O requests from the virtual submission queues, wherein to determine the physical submission queue and add the I/O request to the determined physical submission queue is performed in response to the access of each of the I/O requests from the virtual submission queues. 25. (canceled) | 3,600 |
345,566 | 16,643,498 | 3,632 | A method for manufacturing an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material is provided. The method for manufacturing an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material includes performing heat treatment on an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material containing 5 mass % or larger and 10 mass % or smaller of Si, 0.2 mass % or larger and 1.0 mass % or smaller of Mg, 0.03 mass % or larger and 0.5 mass % or smaller of Sb, and 0.0004 mass % or larger and 0.0026 mass % or smaller of Be, and a remainder having an alloy composition including Al and unavoidable impurities. | 1. A method for manufacturing an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material, the method comprising:
performing heat treatment to sequentially perform:
solution treatment on an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material containing 5 mass % or larger and 10 mass % or smaller of Si, 0.2 mass % or larger and 1.0 mass % or smaller of Mg, 0.03 mass % or larger and 0.5 mass % or smaller of Sb, and 0.0004 mass % or larger and 0.0026 mass % or smaller of Be, and a remainder having an alloy composition including Al and unavoidable impurities;
quenching treatment; and
aging treatment. 2. The method for manufacturing an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material according to claim 1, wherein
in the solution treatment, a temperature is held at 500° C. or higher and 550° C. or lower for 2 hours or longer and 12 hours or shorter, and
in the aging treatment, a temperature is held at 120° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower for 2 hours or longer and 12 hours or shorter. | A method for manufacturing an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material is provided. The method for manufacturing an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material includes performing heat treatment on an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material containing 5 mass % or larger and 10 mass % or smaller of Si, 0.2 mass % or larger and 1.0 mass % or smaller of Mg, 0.03 mass % or larger and 0.5 mass % or smaller of Sb, and 0.0004 mass % or larger and 0.0026 mass % or smaller of Be, and a remainder having an alloy composition including Al and unavoidable impurities.1. A method for manufacturing an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material, the method comprising:
performing heat treatment to sequentially perform:
solution treatment on an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material containing 5 mass % or larger and 10 mass % or smaller of Si, 0.2 mass % or larger and 1.0 mass % or smaller of Mg, 0.03 mass % or larger and 0.5 mass % or smaller of Sb, and 0.0004 mass % or larger and 0.0026 mass % or smaller of Be, and a remainder having an alloy composition including Al and unavoidable impurities;
quenching treatment; and
aging treatment. 2. The method for manufacturing an Al—Si—Mg aluminum alloy casting material according to claim 1, wherein
in the solution treatment, a temperature is held at 500° C. or higher and 550° C. or lower for 2 hours or longer and 12 hours or shorter, and
in the aging treatment, a temperature is held at 120° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower for 2 hours or longer and 12 hours or shorter. | 3,600 |
345,567 | 16,643,513 | 3,781 | A novel irrigation and aspiration system is disclosed. A pump (6) is disposed on an irrigation tube (2) for delivering irrigation fluid. The irrigation tube (2) is connected in series with a check valve (3) and then connected with a first port of a tee joint (4); a second port of the tee joint (4) is connected with a suction tube of a negative pressure device through an aspiration tube (5); an electronic choke device (7) is installed on the aspiration tube (5); a third port of the tee joint is connected with an irrigation and aspiration common tube (8) also connected with a terminal execution device. The electronic choke device (7) and the pump (6) are controlled by a host computer. The electronic choke device (7) is turned off when the pump (6) works; and the pump (6) is stopped when the electronic choke device (7) is turned on. | 1.-7. (canceled) 8. A novel irrigation and aspiration system, comprising a pump disposed on an irrigation tube for delivering irrigation fluid, wherein the irrigation tube is connected in series with a check valve and then connected with a first port of a tee joint; a second port of the tee joint is connected with a suction tube of a negative pressure device through an aspiration tube; an electronic choke device is disposed on the aspiration tube; a third port of the tee joint is connected with an irrigation and aspiration common tube; and the irrigation and aspiration common tube is connected with a terminal execution device; both the electronic choke device and the pump are controlled by a host computer, the electronic choke device is turned off when the pump works; and the pump is stopped when the electronic choke device is turned on. 9. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 8, wherein the electronic choke device is controlled by a first delayer provided in the host computer, and is turned off in a delayed manner; the pump is controlled by an automatic controller provided in the host computer, when the turn-off of the electronic choke device is delayed, the pump is automatically turned on to irrigate for a certain period of time, and the irrigation time is controlled by a second delayer provided in the host computer. 10. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 9, wherein the host computer is provided with a first selection rotary knob by which the turn-off of the electronic choke device is delayed, and the first selection rotary knob has a plurality of tap positions; the host computer is further provided with a second rotary knob for controlling the automatic irrigation time after the turn-off of the electronic choke device is delayed, and the second selection rotary knob has a plurality of tap positions. 11. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 8, wherein the tee joint has a “T” shape, the second port and the third port of the tee joint are located on a straight line, and a check valve is installed at the first port of the tee joint. 12. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 9, wherein the tee joint has a “T” shape, the second port and the third port of the tee joint are located on a straight line, and a one-way valve is installed at the first port of the tee joint. 13. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 10, wherein the tee joint has a “T” shape, the second port and the third port of the tee joint are located on a straight line, and a one-way valve is installed at the first port of the tee joint. 14. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 11, wherein the terminal execution device is a gastrointestinal endoscope, and the suction port of the gastrointestinal endoscope is connected with the irrigation and aspiration common tube; a wireless or wired button, which replaces the original gastrointestinal endoscope suction button and is installed in the original location, is provided to control the turn-on and turn-off of the electronic choke device, and the wireless or wired button seals this location of the gastrointestinal endoscope and keeps the suction channel unobstructed; the startup and stop of the pump is controlled by a foot pedal. 15. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 11, wherein the terminal execution device is a gastric lavage tube, an electronic suction button that controls the turn-on and turn-off of the electronic choke device is installed on the host computer, and an electronic irrigation button that controls the startup and stop of the pump is also installed on the host computer. 16. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 11, wherein the terminal execution device is a surgical instrument, an electronic suction button that controls the turn-on and turn-off of the electronic choke device is installed on the surgical instrument, and an electronic irrigation button that controls the startup and stop of the pump is also installed on the surgical instrument. | A novel irrigation and aspiration system is disclosed. A pump (6) is disposed on an irrigation tube (2) for delivering irrigation fluid. The irrigation tube (2) is connected in series with a check valve (3) and then connected with a first port of a tee joint (4); a second port of the tee joint (4) is connected with a suction tube of a negative pressure device through an aspiration tube (5); an electronic choke device (7) is installed on the aspiration tube (5); a third port of the tee joint is connected with an irrigation and aspiration common tube (8) also connected with a terminal execution device. The electronic choke device (7) and the pump (6) are controlled by a host computer. The electronic choke device (7) is turned off when the pump (6) works; and the pump (6) is stopped when the electronic choke device (7) is turned on.1.-7. (canceled) 8. A novel irrigation and aspiration system, comprising a pump disposed on an irrigation tube for delivering irrigation fluid, wherein the irrigation tube is connected in series with a check valve and then connected with a first port of a tee joint; a second port of the tee joint is connected with a suction tube of a negative pressure device through an aspiration tube; an electronic choke device is disposed on the aspiration tube; a third port of the tee joint is connected with an irrigation and aspiration common tube; and the irrigation and aspiration common tube is connected with a terminal execution device; both the electronic choke device and the pump are controlled by a host computer, the electronic choke device is turned off when the pump works; and the pump is stopped when the electronic choke device is turned on. 9. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 8, wherein the electronic choke device is controlled by a first delayer provided in the host computer, and is turned off in a delayed manner; the pump is controlled by an automatic controller provided in the host computer, when the turn-off of the electronic choke device is delayed, the pump is automatically turned on to irrigate for a certain period of time, and the irrigation time is controlled by a second delayer provided in the host computer. 10. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 9, wherein the host computer is provided with a first selection rotary knob by which the turn-off of the electronic choke device is delayed, and the first selection rotary knob has a plurality of tap positions; the host computer is further provided with a second rotary knob for controlling the automatic irrigation time after the turn-off of the electronic choke device is delayed, and the second selection rotary knob has a plurality of tap positions. 11. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 8, wherein the tee joint has a “T” shape, the second port and the third port of the tee joint are located on a straight line, and a check valve is installed at the first port of the tee joint. 12. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 9, wherein the tee joint has a “T” shape, the second port and the third port of the tee joint are located on a straight line, and a one-way valve is installed at the first port of the tee joint. 13. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 10, wherein the tee joint has a “T” shape, the second port and the third port of the tee joint are located on a straight line, and a one-way valve is installed at the first port of the tee joint. 14. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 11, wherein the terminal execution device is a gastrointestinal endoscope, and the suction port of the gastrointestinal endoscope is connected with the irrigation and aspiration common tube; a wireless or wired button, which replaces the original gastrointestinal endoscope suction button and is installed in the original location, is provided to control the turn-on and turn-off of the electronic choke device, and the wireless or wired button seals this location of the gastrointestinal endoscope and keeps the suction channel unobstructed; the startup and stop of the pump is controlled by a foot pedal. 15. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 11, wherein the terminal execution device is a gastric lavage tube, an electronic suction button that controls the turn-on and turn-off of the electronic choke device is installed on the host computer, and an electronic irrigation button that controls the startup and stop of the pump is also installed on the host computer. 16. The novel irrigation and aspiration system of claim 11, wherein the terminal execution device is a surgical instrument, an electronic suction button that controls the turn-on and turn-off of the electronic choke device is installed on the surgical instrument, and an electronic irrigation button that controls the startup and stop of the pump is also installed on the surgical instrument. | 3,700 |
345,568 | 16,643,499 | 3,781 | The invention relates to a method for marking a wrapping paper for smoking articles, comprising the following steps: (A) providing a wrapping paper for smoking articles, the wrapping paper comprising pulp fibers, and (B) producing markings on the wrapping paper by means of at least one of the following steps: (B.1) removing material from the wrapping paper, (B.2) mechanically changing the wrapping paper, (B.3) treating the surface of the wrapping paper with laser radiation having an energy density y in J-m−2, to which the following applies: y=k−x. x is the enthalpy of combustion per volume of the wrapping paper in J-m−2 μm-1, and k is at least −8 μm, preferably at least −7 μm and especially preferably at least −6 μm, and at most −1 μm, preferably at most −2 μm and especially preferably at most −2.5 μm. Either repeating structures are produced on the wrapping paper in a step (C) such that each structure is at a fixed distance in the machine direction relative to at least one marking, or in step (A) a wrapping paper is provided which has repeating structures in the machine direction, and the markings are produced on the wrapping paper in step (B) in such a way that each marking is at a fixed distance in the machine direction relative to at least one structure. | 1. Method for marking a wrapping paper for smoking articles, comprising the following steps:
(A) providing a wrapping paper for smoking articles, wherein the wrapping paper comprises pulp fibers, (B) producing register marks on the wrapping paper by means of at least the following step
(B.3) treating the surface of the wrapping paper with laser radiation with an energy density y in J·m−2, for which y=k·x holds,
wherein x is the enthalpy of combustion per volume of the wrapping paper in J·m−2·μm−1,
wherein k is at least −8 μm and
at most −1 μm,
wherein either in a step (C), regularly repeating structures are produced on the wrapping paper, so that each structure is located at a fixed distance in the machine direction relative to at least one register mark, or a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which has regularly repeating structures in the machine direction, and the register marks are produced on the wrapping paper in step (B) such that each register mark is located at a fixed distance in the machine direction relative to at least one structure, wherein at least one section of the register mark has an extension in the machine direction of at least 0.01 mm. 2. Method according to claim 1, for which: −5.0 μm≤k≤4.0 μm holds. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein for each of the steps (B.1), (B.2) and (B.3) it holds that, if at all, only substances are added to the wrapping paper which are already present in the wrapping paper in step (A) or which are generated during smoking of a smoking article manufactured from the wrapping paper. 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pulp fibers are entirely or partially formed by wood pulp fibers from spruce, pine or larch, or from birch, beech or eucalyptus, or mixtures thereof. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pulp fibers are partially or entirely from flax, hemp, sisal, jute, aback cotton, esparto grass or mixtures thereof, and/or wherein the wrapping paper contains pulp fibers from regenerated cellulose. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step (A), a wrapping paper is provided which contains at least 50% by weight of pulp fibers in relation to the total mass of the wrapping paper. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which contains a filler, wherein the filler is an oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or silicate, or a mixture thereof. 8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the filler is entirely or partially formed by calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, titanium dioxide, talc, kaolin, or mixtures thereof, and/or wherein at least a part of the filler is of a type such that it changes its color irreversibly under the action of laser radiation. 9. Method according to claim 7, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which contains filler in an amount of at least 10% by weight and at most 50% by weight, each in relation to the total mass of the wrapping paper. 10. Method according to claim 1, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which contains at least one burn additive, selected from the group consisting of citrates, malates, tartrates, acetates, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gulconates, glycolates, lactates, oxalates, salicylates, α-hydroxy caprylates, phosphates, chlorides and hydrogen carbonates and mixtures thereof. 11. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step (A), a wrapping paper is provided which comprises burn-retarding substances, selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, boric acid and mixtures thereof. 12. Method according to claim 10, wherein the content of burn additives in the wrapping paper provided in step (A) is at least 0.5% by weight and at most 3.0% by weight, each in relation to the mass of the entire wrapping paper. 13. Method according to claim 1, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which has a basis weight of between 20 g/m2 and 50 g/m2. 14. Method according to claim 1, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which has a thickness of between 15 μm and 100 μm. 15. Method according to claim 1, wherein the repeating structures are formed by one or more of the following structures:
printed, embossed or die-cut features on the wrapping paper, which should appear at a fixed position on the smoking article manufactured from this wrapping paper, water marks, wire marks or verge lines, bands printed on the wrapping paper, which serve for self-extinguishing of a smoking article manufactured therefrom, perforations, which serve for dilution of an aerosol flowing through the smoking article, regular, local changes in the composition of the wrapping paper in the machine direction. 16. Method according to claim 1, wherein said repeating structures are formed before step (A) or in step (A) in a process which comprises one or more of the steps of printing, embossing, perforating, die-cutting, soaking, impregnating, coating or spraying, or combinations thereof. 17. Method according to claim 41, wherein at least one opening in the wrapping paper is produced in step (B.1) by die-cutting, perforating or cutting. 18. Method according to claim 17, wherein in the case of perforating or cutting, mechanical perforation or cutting tools or a laser are used. 19. Method according to claim 41, wherein in step (B.1), material is removed from the surface of the wrapping paper so that the transparency of the wrapping paper is increased in this area, but no opening is formed. 20. Method according to claim 41, wherein in step (B.1), register marks are produced, in which the outermost borders in the cross direction have a radius of curvature which is at least 0.1 mm. 21. Method according to claim 41, wherein the wrapping paper is embossed or compressed in step (B.2) such that the transparency of the wrapping paper increases locally. 22. Method according to claim 21, wherein embossing or compressing of the wrapping paper comprises exerting mechanical pressure between two rolls provided with a corresponding pattern, which produce a register mark in the wrapping paper. 23. Method according to claim 21, wherein for the formation of the register marks, the wrapping paper is embossed with a line load which is 70 N/mm to 130 N/mm. 24. Method according to claim 21, wherein embossing is carried out at a higher moisture content of the paper of 5% by weight to 10% by weigh with respect to the mass of the wrapping paper. 25. Method according to claim 21, wherein the register marks in step (B.2) are formed during the manufacture of the wrapping paper, wherein the not yet completely finished wrapping paper is locally compressed in the press section or on a wire in the paper machine by means of a cylinder provided with a corresponding pattern. 26. Method according to claim 1, wherein step (B.3) comprises the following sub-steps:
(B3.1) selecting the energy density of the laser radiation based on the enthalpy of combustion per volume of the wrapping paper, and (B3.2) marking the wrapping paper by using laser radiation with the energy density selected in step (B3.1), so that regularly repeating register marks are produced on the wrapping paper in the machine direction. 27. Method according to claim 26, wherein the enthalpy of combustion of the wrapping paper is determined by measurement with a calorimeter or wherein the enthalpy of combustion of the wrapping paper is calculated or estimated based on information with respect to the type and amount of the components of the wrapping paper and information with respect to the enthalpy of combustion of the individual components. 28. Method according to claim 1, wherein the laser radiation used in step (B.3) has a wavelength of at least 8 μm and at most 12 μm. 29. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step (B.3), register marks in the shape of continuous or discontinuous lines are formed which extend at least approximately orthogonally to the machine direction. 30. Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one section of the register mark has an extension in the machine direction of at least 0.10 mm, and wherein the extension of the register marks in the machine direction is at most 3.00 mm. 31. Method according to claim 1, wherein the extension of the register marks, which are produced in step (B.3), orthogonally to the machine direction is at least 0.20 mm. 32. Method according to claim 41, wherein the extension of the register marks which are produced in step (B.1) is at least 0.20 mm and at most 3.00 mm. 33. Method according to claim 1, wherein the register marks are produced on a wide reel of the wrapping paper, which is subsequently cut into narrower reels, and wherein the register marks are arranged on the wrapping paper such that in a direction viewed orthogonally to the machine direction, there is at least one register mark on each of the narrow reels, wherein the extension of the register marks in the direction orthogonally to the machine direction is at most one third of the width of the narrow reel, and/or wherein the register marks are arranged and the cutting process is controlled such that the register marks are not cut through and thus are not located at the edge of the narrow reels. 34. Method according to claim 1, wherein the register marks are formed on that side of the wrapping paper which is on the outside of a smoking article to be manufactured therefrom. 35. Method according to claim 1, wherein the position of the register marks relative to the structures on the wrapping paper is selected such that the register marks are not visible during normal use of the smoking article manufactured from the wrapping paper. 36. Method according to claim 35, wherein the smoking article is formed by a filter cigarette and wherein the register marks are positioned on the wrapping paper such that they are in an area on the filter cigarette in which the tipping paper overlaps the rod of smokable material and thereby covers the register marks on the wrapping paper. 37. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step (A), the wrapping paper is firstly manufactured on a conventional paper machine and wound up, the wrapping paper is unwound on a separate device, the register marks in step (B) are produced on the wrapping paper, the wrapping paper marked thereby is wound up and then in step (C), on a further device, the structures are applied to the marked wrapping paper. 38. Method according to claim 1, wherein steps (B) and (C) are carried out on the same device, wherein the device comprises a marking unit which carries out step (B), and comprises a device for the application of the structures in accordance with step (C) and wherein the positions of the register marks and the structures to be applied are synchronized with each other by means of a register control using the register marks detected by a sensor. 39. Method according to claim 1, wherein k is at least −6.5 μm and at most −2.5 μm. 40. Method according to claim 28, wherein the laser radiation used in step (B.3) is produced by a CO2 laser. 41. Method according to claim 1, wherein said step (B) of generating register marks on the wrapping paper further comprises one or both of a step (B.1) of removing material from the wrapping paper and a step (B.2) of mechanical modification of the wrapping paper. | The invention relates to a method for marking a wrapping paper for smoking articles, comprising the following steps: (A) providing a wrapping paper for smoking articles, the wrapping paper comprising pulp fibers, and (B) producing markings on the wrapping paper by means of at least one of the following steps: (B.1) removing material from the wrapping paper, (B.2) mechanically changing the wrapping paper, (B.3) treating the surface of the wrapping paper with laser radiation having an energy density y in J-m−2, to which the following applies: y=k−x. x is the enthalpy of combustion per volume of the wrapping paper in J-m−2 μm-1, and k is at least −8 μm, preferably at least −7 μm and especially preferably at least −6 μm, and at most −1 μm, preferably at most −2 μm and especially preferably at most −2.5 μm. Either repeating structures are produced on the wrapping paper in a step (C) such that each structure is at a fixed distance in the machine direction relative to at least one marking, or in step (A) a wrapping paper is provided which has repeating structures in the machine direction, and the markings are produced on the wrapping paper in step (B) in such a way that each marking is at a fixed distance in the machine direction relative to at least one structure.1. Method for marking a wrapping paper for smoking articles, comprising the following steps:
(A) providing a wrapping paper for smoking articles, wherein the wrapping paper comprises pulp fibers, (B) producing register marks on the wrapping paper by means of at least the following step
(B.3) treating the surface of the wrapping paper with laser radiation with an energy density y in J·m−2, for which y=k·x holds,
wherein x is the enthalpy of combustion per volume of the wrapping paper in J·m−2·μm−1,
wherein k is at least −8 μm and
at most −1 μm,
wherein either in a step (C), regularly repeating structures are produced on the wrapping paper, so that each structure is located at a fixed distance in the machine direction relative to at least one register mark, or a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which has regularly repeating structures in the machine direction, and the register marks are produced on the wrapping paper in step (B) such that each register mark is located at a fixed distance in the machine direction relative to at least one structure, wherein at least one section of the register mark has an extension in the machine direction of at least 0.01 mm. 2. Method according to claim 1, for which: −5.0 μm≤k≤4.0 μm holds. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein for each of the steps (B.1), (B.2) and (B.3) it holds that, if at all, only substances are added to the wrapping paper which are already present in the wrapping paper in step (A) or which are generated during smoking of a smoking article manufactured from the wrapping paper. 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pulp fibers are entirely or partially formed by wood pulp fibers from spruce, pine or larch, or from birch, beech or eucalyptus, or mixtures thereof. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pulp fibers are partially or entirely from flax, hemp, sisal, jute, aback cotton, esparto grass or mixtures thereof, and/or wherein the wrapping paper contains pulp fibers from regenerated cellulose. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step (A), a wrapping paper is provided which contains at least 50% by weight of pulp fibers in relation to the total mass of the wrapping paper. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which contains a filler, wherein the filler is an oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or silicate, or a mixture thereof. 8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the filler is entirely or partially formed by calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, titanium dioxide, talc, kaolin, or mixtures thereof, and/or wherein at least a part of the filler is of a type such that it changes its color irreversibly under the action of laser radiation. 9. Method according to claim 7, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which contains filler in an amount of at least 10% by weight and at most 50% by weight, each in relation to the total mass of the wrapping paper. 10. Method according to claim 1, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which contains at least one burn additive, selected from the group consisting of citrates, malates, tartrates, acetates, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gulconates, glycolates, lactates, oxalates, salicylates, α-hydroxy caprylates, phosphates, chlorides and hydrogen carbonates and mixtures thereof. 11. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step (A), a wrapping paper is provided which comprises burn-retarding substances, selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, boric acid and mixtures thereof. 12. Method according to claim 10, wherein the content of burn additives in the wrapping paper provided in step (A) is at least 0.5% by weight and at most 3.0% by weight, each in relation to the mass of the entire wrapping paper. 13. Method according to claim 1, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which has a basis weight of between 20 g/m2 and 50 g/m2. 14. Method according to claim 1, wherein a wrapping paper is provided in step (A) which has a thickness of between 15 μm and 100 μm. 15. Method according to claim 1, wherein the repeating structures are formed by one or more of the following structures:
printed, embossed or die-cut features on the wrapping paper, which should appear at a fixed position on the smoking article manufactured from this wrapping paper, water marks, wire marks or verge lines, bands printed on the wrapping paper, which serve for self-extinguishing of a smoking article manufactured therefrom, perforations, which serve for dilution of an aerosol flowing through the smoking article, regular, local changes in the composition of the wrapping paper in the machine direction. 16. Method according to claim 1, wherein said repeating structures are formed before step (A) or in step (A) in a process which comprises one or more of the steps of printing, embossing, perforating, die-cutting, soaking, impregnating, coating or spraying, or combinations thereof. 17. Method according to claim 41, wherein at least one opening in the wrapping paper is produced in step (B.1) by die-cutting, perforating or cutting. 18. Method according to claim 17, wherein in the case of perforating or cutting, mechanical perforation or cutting tools or a laser are used. 19. Method according to claim 41, wherein in step (B.1), material is removed from the surface of the wrapping paper so that the transparency of the wrapping paper is increased in this area, but no opening is formed. 20. Method according to claim 41, wherein in step (B.1), register marks are produced, in which the outermost borders in the cross direction have a radius of curvature which is at least 0.1 mm. 21. Method according to claim 41, wherein the wrapping paper is embossed or compressed in step (B.2) such that the transparency of the wrapping paper increases locally. 22. Method according to claim 21, wherein embossing or compressing of the wrapping paper comprises exerting mechanical pressure between two rolls provided with a corresponding pattern, which produce a register mark in the wrapping paper. 23. Method according to claim 21, wherein for the formation of the register marks, the wrapping paper is embossed with a line load which is 70 N/mm to 130 N/mm. 24. Method according to claim 21, wherein embossing is carried out at a higher moisture content of the paper of 5% by weight to 10% by weigh with respect to the mass of the wrapping paper. 25. Method according to claim 21, wherein the register marks in step (B.2) are formed during the manufacture of the wrapping paper, wherein the not yet completely finished wrapping paper is locally compressed in the press section or on a wire in the paper machine by means of a cylinder provided with a corresponding pattern. 26. Method according to claim 1, wherein step (B.3) comprises the following sub-steps:
(B3.1) selecting the energy density of the laser radiation based on the enthalpy of combustion per volume of the wrapping paper, and (B3.2) marking the wrapping paper by using laser radiation with the energy density selected in step (B3.1), so that regularly repeating register marks are produced on the wrapping paper in the machine direction. 27. Method according to claim 26, wherein the enthalpy of combustion of the wrapping paper is determined by measurement with a calorimeter or wherein the enthalpy of combustion of the wrapping paper is calculated or estimated based on information with respect to the type and amount of the components of the wrapping paper and information with respect to the enthalpy of combustion of the individual components. 28. Method according to claim 1, wherein the laser radiation used in step (B.3) has a wavelength of at least 8 μm and at most 12 μm. 29. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step (B.3), register marks in the shape of continuous or discontinuous lines are formed which extend at least approximately orthogonally to the machine direction. 30. Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one section of the register mark has an extension in the machine direction of at least 0.10 mm, and wherein the extension of the register marks in the machine direction is at most 3.00 mm. 31. Method according to claim 1, wherein the extension of the register marks, which are produced in step (B.3), orthogonally to the machine direction is at least 0.20 mm. 32. Method according to claim 41, wherein the extension of the register marks which are produced in step (B.1) is at least 0.20 mm and at most 3.00 mm. 33. Method according to claim 1, wherein the register marks are produced on a wide reel of the wrapping paper, which is subsequently cut into narrower reels, and wherein the register marks are arranged on the wrapping paper such that in a direction viewed orthogonally to the machine direction, there is at least one register mark on each of the narrow reels, wherein the extension of the register marks in the direction orthogonally to the machine direction is at most one third of the width of the narrow reel, and/or wherein the register marks are arranged and the cutting process is controlled such that the register marks are not cut through and thus are not located at the edge of the narrow reels. 34. Method according to claim 1, wherein the register marks are formed on that side of the wrapping paper which is on the outside of a smoking article to be manufactured therefrom. 35. Method according to claim 1, wherein the position of the register marks relative to the structures on the wrapping paper is selected such that the register marks are not visible during normal use of the smoking article manufactured from the wrapping paper. 36. Method according to claim 35, wherein the smoking article is formed by a filter cigarette and wherein the register marks are positioned on the wrapping paper such that they are in an area on the filter cigarette in which the tipping paper overlaps the rod of smokable material and thereby covers the register marks on the wrapping paper. 37. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step (A), the wrapping paper is firstly manufactured on a conventional paper machine and wound up, the wrapping paper is unwound on a separate device, the register marks in step (B) are produced on the wrapping paper, the wrapping paper marked thereby is wound up and then in step (C), on a further device, the structures are applied to the marked wrapping paper. 38. Method according to claim 1, wherein steps (B) and (C) are carried out on the same device, wherein the device comprises a marking unit which carries out step (B), and comprises a device for the application of the structures in accordance with step (C) and wherein the positions of the register marks and the structures to be applied are synchronized with each other by means of a register control using the register marks detected by a sensor. 39. Method according to claim 1, wherein k is at least −6.5 μm and at most −2.5 μm. 40. Method according to claim 28, wherein the laser radiation used in step (B.3) is produced by a CO2 laser. 41. Method according to claim 1, wherein said step (B) of generating register marks on the wrapping paper further comprises one or both of a step (B.1) of removing material from the wrapping paper and a step (B.2) of mechanical modification of the wrapping paper. | 3,700 |
345,569 | 16,643,485 | 3,781 | A vehicle temperature management apparatus includes: a channel selection section that selects at least one of a chiller heat exchange channel, a radiator heat exchange channel, and a heater heat exchange channel as a channel of a refrigerant in a refrigerant circulation circuit; a switching control section that controls the channel switching section such that the channel switching section selects at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel, the radiator heat exchange channel, and the heater heat exchange channel; and an operation control section that controls an operation of a chiller. When the radiator heat exchange channel or the heater heat exchange channel is selected as the channel of the refrigerant, the switching control section controls the channel selection section such that the channel selection section further selects the chiller heat exchange channel, and the operation control section does not operate the chiller. | 1-4. (canceled) 5. A vehicle temperature management apparatus, comprising:
a refrigerant circulation circuit for circulating a refrigerant that exchanges heat with a temperature adjustment target device mounted on a vehicle; a chiller heat exchange channel provided in the refrigerant circulation circuit and including a chiller that cools the refrigerant; a radiator heat exchange channel provided in parallel to the chiller heat exchange channel in the refrigerant circulation circuit, the radiator heat exchange channel including a radiator that causes outside air and the refrigerant to exchange heat therebetween to thereby radiate heat from the refrigerant to the outside air; a channel selection section configured to select at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel and the radiator heat exchange channel as a channel of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit; a switching control section configured to control the channel selection section such that the channel switching section selects at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel and the radiator heat exchange channel; and an operation control section configured to control an operation of the chiller, the switching control section configured to control, when the radiator heat exchange channel is selected as the channel of the refrigerant, the channel selection section such that the channel selection section selects the radiator heat exchange channel and the chiller heat exchange channel as the channel of the refrigerant, and the operation control section does not operate the chiller. 6. A vehicle temperature management apparatus comprising:
a refrigerant circulation circuit for circulating a refrigerant that exchanges heat with a temperature adjustment target device mounted on a vehicle; a chiller heat exchange channel provided in the refrigerant circulation circuit and including a chiller that cools the refrigerant; a heater heat exchange channel provided in parallel to the chiller heat exchange channel in the refrigerant circulation circuit, the heater heat exchange channel including a. heater configured to heat the refrigerant; a channel selection section configured to select at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel and the heater heat exchange channel as a channel of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit; a switching control section configured to control the channel switching section such that the channel switching section selects at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel and the heater heat exchange channel; and an operation control section configured to control an operation of the chiller, the switching control section configured to control, when the heater heat exchange channel is selected as the channel of the refrigerant, the channel selection section such that the channel selection section selects the heater heat exchange channel and the chiller heat exchange channel as the channel of the refrigerant, and the operation control section does not operate the chiller. 7. A vehicle temperature management apparatus comprising:
a refrigerant circulation circuit for circulating a refrigerant that exchanges heat with a temperature adjustment target device mounted on a vehicle; a chiller heat exchange channel provided in the refrigerant circulation circuit and including a chiller that cools the refrigerant; a radiator heat exchange channel provided in parallel to the chiller heat exchange channel in the refrigerant circulation circuit, the radiator heat exchange channel including radiator that causes outside air and the refrigerant to exchange heat therebetween to thereby radiate heat from the refrigerant to the outside air; a heater heat exchange channel provided in parallel to the chiller heat exchange channel in the refrigerant circulation circuit, the heater heat exchange channel including a heater configured to heat the refrigerant; a channel selection section configured to select at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel, the radiator heat exchange channel, and the heater heat exchange channel as a channel of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit; a switching control section configured to control the channel switching section such that the channel switching section selects at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel, the radiator heat exchange channel, and the heater heat exchange channel; and an operation control section configured to control an operation of the chiller, the switching control section configured to control, when the radiator heat exchange channel or the heater heat exchange channel is selected as the channel of the refrigerant, the channel selection section such that the channel selection section further selects the chiller heat exchange channel, and the operation control section does not operate the chiller. 8. The e temperature management apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the temperature adjustment target device is a battery for driving the vehicle. 9. The vehicle temperature management apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the temperature adjustment target device is a battery for driving the vehicle. 10. The vehicle temperature management apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the temperature adjustment target device is a battery for driving the vehicle. | A vehicle temperature management apparatus includes: a channel selection section that selects at least one of a chiller heat exchange channel, a radiator heat exchange channel, and a heater heat exchange channel as a channel of a refrigerant in a refrigerant circulation circuit; a switching control section that controls the channel switching section such that the channel switching section selects at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel, the radiator heat exchange channel, and the heater heat exchange channel; and an operation control section that controls an operation of a chiller. When the radiator heat exchange channel or the heater heat exchange channel is selected as the channel of the refrigerant, the switching control section controls the channel selection section such that the channel selection section further selects the chiller heat exchange channel, and the operation control section does not operate the chiller.1-4. (canceled) 5. A vehicle temperature management apparatus, comprising:
a refrigerant circulation circuit for circulating a refrigerant that exchanges heat with a temperature adjustment target device mounted on a vehicle; a chiller heat exchange channel provided in the refrigerant circulation circuit and including a chiller that cools the refrigerant; a radiator heat exchange channel provided in parallel to the chiller heat exchange channel in the refrigerant circulation circuit, the radiator heat exchange channel including a radiator that causes outside air and the refrigerant to exchange heat therebetween to thereby radiate heat from the refrigerant to the outside air; a channel selection section configured to select at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel and the radiator heat exchange channel as a channel of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit; a switching control section configured to control the channel selection section such that the channel switching section selects at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel and the radiator heat exchange channel; and an operation control section configured to control an operation of the chiller, the switching control section configured to control, when the radiator heat exchange channel is selected as the channel of the refrigerant, the channel selection section such that the channel selection section selects the radiator heat exchange channel and the chiller heat exchange channel as the channel of the refrigerant, and the operation control section does not operate the chiller. 6. A vehicle temperature management apparatus comprising:
a refrigerant circulation circuit for circulating a refrigerant that exchanges heat with a temperature adjustment target device mounted on a vehicle; a chiller heat exchange channel provided in the refrigerant circulation circuit and including a chiller that cools the refrigerant; a heater heat exchange channel provided in parallel to the chiller heat exchange channel in the refrigerant circulation circuit, the heater heat exchange channel including a. heater configured to heat the refrigerant; a channel selection section configured to select at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel and the heater heat exchange channel as a channel of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit; a switching control section configured to control the channel switching section such that the channel switching section selects at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel and the heater heat exchange channel; and an operation control section configured to control an operation of the chiller, the switching control section configured to control, when the heater heat exchange channel is selected as the channel of the refrigerant, the channel selection section such that the channel selection section selects the heater heat exchange channel and the chiller heat exchange channel as the channel of the refrigerant, and the operation control section does not operate the chiller. 7. A vehicle temperature management apparatus comprising:
a refrigerant circulation circuit for circulating a refrigerant that exchanges heat with a temperature adjustment target device mounted on a vehicle; a chiller heat exchange channel provided in the refrigerant circulation circuit and including a chiller that cools the refrigerant; a radiator heat exchange channel provided in parallel to the chiller heat exchange channel in the refrigerant circulation circuit, the radiator heat exchange channel including radiator that causes outside air and the refrigerant to exchange heat therebetween to thereby radiate heat from the refrigerant to the outside air; a heater heat exchange channel provided in parallel to the chiller heat exchange channel in the refrigerant circulation circuit, the heater heat exchange channel including a heater configured to heat the refrigerant; a channel selection section configured to select at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel, the radiator heat exchange channel, and the heater heat exchange channel as a channel of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit; a switching control section configured to control the channel switching section such that the channel switching section selects at least one of the chiller heat exchange channel, the radiator heat exchange channel, and the heater heat exchange channel; and an operation control section configured to control an operation of the chiller, the switching control section configured to control, when the radiator heat exchange channel or the heater heat exchange channel is selected as the channel of the refrigerant, the channel selection section such that the channel selection section further selects the chiller heat exchange channel, and the operation control section does not operate the chiller. 8. The e temperature management apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the temperature adjustment target device is a battery for driving the vehicle. 9. The vehicle temperature management apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the temperature adjustment target device is a battery for driving the vehicle. 10. The vehicle temperature management apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the temperature adjustment target device is a battery for driving the vehicle. | 3,700 |
345,570 | 16,643,482 | 3,781 | An electrosurgical apparatus comprising an electrosurgical forceps instrument that combines la robust jaw opening mechanism with an a microwave energy delivery mechanism. The instrument includes a rigid bracket mounted at a distal end of a flexible shaft, wherein a pair of jaws are pivotably mounted on the rigid bracket. The instrument includes an energy delivery structure comprising a flexible dielectric substrate having a first electrode and an second electrode formed on one of the pair of jaws, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged to emit microwave energy. The electrosurgical apparatus may also comprise a handpiece that combines rotation control of an electrosurgical instrument with both power delivery and end effector actuation (e.g. jaw closure, blade retraction or the like). | 1. An electrosurgical forceps instrument comprising:
a flexible shaft defining a lumen; a coaxial cable for conveying microwave energy disposed within the lumen of the flexible shaft; a rigid bracket mounted at a distal end of the flexible shaft; a pair of jaws pivotably mounted on the rigid bracket, the pair of jaws being movable relative to each other to open and close a gap between opposing inner surfaces thereof; and an actuating element disposed within the lumen of the flexible shaft and extending therefrom through the rigid bracket to operably engage the pair of jaws, wherein the pair of jaws comprises a first jaw having an energy delivery structure attached to an inner surface therefore, the energy delivery structure comprising a flexible dielectric substrate having a first electrode and an second electrode formed thereon, wherein the energy delivery structure is connected to receive the microwave energy from the coaxial cable, and wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged to emit the microwave energy received by the energy delivery structure into the gap between the pair of jaws. 2. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the pair of jaws are pivotably mounted about a common axis. 3. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the pair of jaws comprises a first jaw and a second jaw, and wherein the actuating element comprises a first control wire connected to the first jaw and a second control wire connected to the second jaw, wherein the first control wire and second control wire are movable in a longitudinal direction relative to the bracket to effect opening and closing, of the pair of jaws. 4. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 3, wherein the actuating element comprises a main control wire that extends through the lumen of the flexible shaft, wherein the main control wire bifurcates at a distal end thereof to form the first control wire and the second control wire. 5. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1 including a retaining frame mounted within a proximal portion of the lumen, the retaining frame having a first mounting region for the coaxial cable and a second mounting region for the actuating element, whereby the retaining frame is arranged the hold the coaxial cable and the actuating element in a fixed orientation relative to each other. 6. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1 includes a sleeve formed around the retaining frame, coaxial cable and actuating element within the lumen of the flexible shaft. 7. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 5, wherein the retaining frame has a distal end spaced longitudinally from the rigid bracket. 8. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the flexible dielectric substrate comprises a proximal portion extending between a distal end of the coaxial cable and a proximal end of the inner surface, wherein the proximal portion is deformable upon opening and closing of the pair of jaws. 9. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the flexible dielectric substrate has a pair of conductive tracks formed thereon for conveying microwave-energy, the coaxial cable to the first electrode and second electrode. 10. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 9, wherein the pair of conductive tracks comprise a first conductive track electrically connected to an inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and a second conductive track electrically connected to an outer conductor of the coaxial cable. 11. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the flexible dielectric substrate is a ribbon of insulating material having electrically conductive layer fabricated thereon to provide the first electrode and the second electrode. 12. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first jaw has a longitudinal slot formed therein, and wherein the instrument further comprises:
a blade slidably mounted within the longitudinal slot on the first jaw; and a blade control wire disposed within and extending from the lumen to operably engage the blade. 13. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 12, wherein the first jaw comprises a cover portion at a distal end thereof, the cover portion being sized to retain the blade in a retracted position. 14. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 13, wherein the blade is biased into the retracted position. 15. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 12, wherein the blade control wire is operably coupled to the actuating element such that movement of the blade away from the retracted position urges the pair of jaws towards a closed position. 16. An electrosurgical forceps according to claim 1, wherein the pair of jaws are dimensioned to fit within an instrument channel of a surgical scoping device. 17. A handpiece for controlling an electrosurgical instrument, the handpiece comprising:
a body; a flexible shaft extending from a proximal end of the body; a coaxial cable extend through a lumen defined by the flexible shaft, the coaxial cable being for connection to an electrosurgical instrument locatable at a distal end of the flexible shaft; a control rod extending through the lumen, the control rod being for connection to electrosurgical instrument locatable at a distal end of the flexible shaft; an actuating element slidably mounted on the body; and a rotator rotatably mounted on the body, wherein the coaxial cable and the flexible shaft are mounted to slide relative to the body with the actuating element and rotate relative to the body with the rotator, and wherein the control rod has a proximal portion that is mounted in a longitudinally fixed position relative to the body. 18. A handpiece according to claim 17, wherein the control rod is rotatable with respect to the body. 19. A handpiece according to claim 17, wherein proximal portion of the control rod is mounted on the rotator. 20. A handpiece according to claims 17 wherein the actuating element comprises a shaft mounted to slide in a longitudinal direction within the housing, the longitudinal direction being aligned with a direction in which the flexible shaft extends from the body. 21. A handpiece according to claim 174 including a power input port on the actuating element, the power input port being connected to transfer power received therein to the coaxial cable. 22. A handpiece according to claim 20, wherein a connection direction into the power input port extends perpendicularly to the direction in which the actuating element is slidable relative to the body. 23. A handpiece according to claim 21 having a radiofrequency (RF) blocking circuit mounted in the actuator element between the power input port and the coaxial cable. 24. An electrosurgical apparatus comprising:
an electrosurgical generator for supplying microwave energy; a surgical scoping device having an instrument cord for insertion into a patient's body, the instrument cord having an instrument channel, extending, therethrough; a handpiece according to claim 17 connected to receive the microwave energy from the electrosurgical generator, the flexible shaft of the handpiece passing through the instrument channel of the surgical scoping device; and an electrosurgical forceps instrument connected at a distal end of the flexible shaft of the handpiece, wherein the actuating element is connected to control opening and closing of the electrosurgical forceps instrument, and wherein the rotator is configured to control rotation of the electrosurgical forceps instrument relative to the instrument channel. | An electrosurgical apparatus comprising an electrosurgical forceps instrument that combines la robust jaw opening mechanism with an a microwave energy delivery mechanism. The instrument includes a rigid bracket mounted at a distal end of a flexible shaft, wherein a pair of jaws are pivotably mounted on the rigid bracket. The instrument includes an energy delivery structure comprising a flexible dielectric substrate having a first electrode and an second electrode formed on one of the pair of jaws, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged to emit microwave energy. The electrosurgical apparatus may also comprise a handpiece that combines rotation control of an electrosurgical instrument with both power delivery and end effector actuation (e.g. jaw closure, blade retraction or the like).1. An electrosurgical forceps instrument comprising:
a flexible shaft defining a lumen; a coaxial cable for conveying microwave energy disposed within the lumen of the flexible shaft; a rigid bracket mounted at a distal end of the flexible shaft; a pair of jaws pivotably mounted on the rigid bracket, the pair of jaws being movable relative to each other to open and close a gap between opposing inner surfaces thereof; and an actuating element disposed within the lumen of the flexible shaft and extending therefrom through the rigid bracket to operably engage the pair of jaws, wherein the pair of jaws comprises a first jaw having an energy delivery structure attached to an inner surface therefore, the energy delivery structure comprising a flexible dielectric substrate having a first electrode and an second electrode formed thereon, wherein the energy delivery structure is connected to receive the microwave energy from the coaxial cable, and wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged to emit the microwave energy received by the energy delivery structure into the gap between the pair of jaws. 2. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the pair of jaws are pivotably mounted about a common axis. 3. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the pair of jaws comprises a first jaw and a second jaw, and wherein the actuating element comprises a first control wire connected to the first jaw and a second control wire connected to the second jaw, wherein the first control wire and second control wire are movable in a longitudinal direction relative to the bracket to effect opening and closing, of the pair of jaws. 4. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 3, wherein the actuating element comprises a main control wire that extends through the lumen of the flexible shaft, wherein the main control wire bifurcates at a distal end thereof to form the first control wire and the second control wire. 5. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1 including a retaining frame mounted within a proximal portion of the lumen, the retaining frame having a first mounting region for the coaxial cable and a second mounting region for the actuating element, whereby the retaining frame is arranged the hold the coaxial cable and the actuating element in a fixed orientation relative to each other. 6. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1 includes a sleeve formed around the retaining frame, coaxial cable and actuating element within the lumen of the flexible shaft. 7. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 5, wherein the retaining frame has a distal end spaced longitudinally from the rigid bracket. 8. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the flexible dielectric substrate comprises a proximal portion extending between a distal end of the coaxial cable and a proximal end of the inner surface, wherein the proximal portion is deformable upon opening and closing of the pair of jaws. 9. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the flexible dielectric substrate has a pair of conductive tracks formed thereon for conveying microwave-energy, the coaxial cable to the first electrode and second electrode. 10. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 9, wherein the pair of conductive tracks comprise a first conductive track electrically connected to an inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and a second conductive track electrically connected to an outer conductor of the coaxial cable. 11. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the flexible dielectric substrate is a ribbon of insulating material having electrically conductive layer fabricated thereon to provide the first electrode and the second electrode. 12. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first jaw has a longitudinal slot formed therein, and wherein the instrument further comprises:
a blade slidably mounted within the longitudinal slot on the first jaw; and a blade control wire disposed within and extending from the lumen to operably engage the blade. 13. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 12, wherein the first jaw comprises a cover portion at a distal end thereof, the cover portion being sized to retain the blade in a retracted position. 14. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 13, wherein the blade is biased into the retracted position. 15. An electrosurgical forceps instrument according to claim 12, wherein the blade control wire is operably coupled to the actuating element such that movement of the blade away from the retracted position urges the pair of jaws towards a closed position. 16. An electrosurgical forceps according to claim 1, wherein the pair of jaws are dimensioned to fit within an instrument channel of a surgical scoping device. 17. A handpiece for controlling an electrosurgical instrument, the handpiece comprising:
a body; a flexible shaft extending from a proximal end of the body; a coaxial cable extend through a lumen defined by the flexible shaft, the coaxial cable being for connection to an electrosurgical instrument locatable at a distal end of the flexible shaft; a control rod extending through the lumen, the control rod being for connection to electrosurgical instrument locatable at a distal end of the flexible shaft; an actuating element slidably mounted on the body; and a rotator rotatably mounted on the body, wherein the coaxial cable and the flexible shaft are mounted to slide relative to the body with the actuating element and rotate relative to the body with the rotator, and wherein the control rod has a proximal portion that is mounted in a longitudinally fixed position relative to the body. 18. A handpiece according to claim 17, wherein the control rod is rotatable with respect to the body. 19. A handpiece according to claim 17, wherein proximal portion of the control rod is mounted on the rotator. 20. A handpiece according to claims 17 wherein the actuating element comprises a shaft mounted to slide in a longitudinal direction within the housing, the longitudinal direction being aligned with a direction in which the flexible shaft extends from the body. 21. A handpiece according to claim 174 including a power input port on the actuating element, the power input port being connected to transfer power received therein to the coaxial cable. 22. A handpiece according to claim 20, wherein a connection direction into the power input port extends perpendicularly to the direction in which the actuating element is slidable relative to the body. 23. A handpiece according to claim 21 having a radiofrequency (RF) blocking circuit mounted in the actuator element between the power input port and the coaxial cable. 24. An electrosurgical apparatus comprising:
an electrosurgical generator for supplying microwave energy; a surgical scoping device having an instrument cord for insertion into a patient's body, the instrument cord having an instrument channel, extending, therethrough; a handpiece according to claim 17 connected to receive the microwave energy from the electrosurgical generator, the flexible shaft of the handpiece passing through the instrument channel of the surgical scoping device; and an electrosurgical forceps instrument connected at a distal end of the flexible shaft of the handpiece, wherein the actuating element is connected to control opening and closing of the electrosurgical forceps instrument, and wherein the rotator is configured to control rotation of the electrosurgical forceps instrument relative to the instrument channel. | 3,700 |
345,571 | 16,643,514 | 3,781 | The invention relates to a method and a device for the automated manufacturing of a semi-finished product of a stator (1) of an electrical machine. A substantially hollow-cylindrical laminated core (2) with a plurality of stacked sheet metal segments (2′) defining a main axis (6) is provided. Rod-shaped conductor elements (3, 4) for the construction of an electrical winding protrude with at least one of their longitudinal ends (11, 12; 13, 14) with respect to the first and/or second end face (7, 8) of the laminated core (2), so that they form conductor protrusions (15, 16; 17, 18) with respect to the laminated core (2) at at least one of the end faces (7, 8) of the laminated core (2). These conductor protrusions (15, 16; 17, 18) of the conductor elements (3, 4) are bent in the direction of the circumferential direction of the hollow-cylindrical laminated core (2) by means of at least one bending tool (25, 25; 26, 26′) mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation (27). In addition, the longitudinal ends (11, 12; 13, 14) of the conductor elements (3, 4) are brought into a predefined target radial position relative to the laminated core (2) by calibrating forces acting radially in the direction towards the axis of rotation (27) and exerted by at least one calibration device (28, 29) with controllably adjustable calibrating fingers (30, 31) aligned radially with respect to the axis of rotation (27) of the at least one bending tool (25, 25′, 26, 26′). | 1. A method for an automated manufacturing of a semi-finished product of a stator of an electrical machine, the method, comprising:
provision of a substantially hollow-cylindrical laminated core with a plurality of stacked sheet metal segments defining a main axis, which laminated core has a plurality of receiving grooves for conductor elements of an electrical winding, which receiving grooves are distributed in the circumferential direction of the laminated core and extend between a first and second axial end face of the laminated core, wherein the conductor elements protrude with at least one of their longitudinal ends with respect to the first and/or second end face of the laminated core and thus form conductor protrusions with respect to the laminated core at at least one of the end faces of the laminated core, and bending of the conductor protrusions of the conductor elements in the direction of the circumferential direction of the hollow-cylindrical laminated core by means of at least one bending tool rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation, wherein the longitudinal ends of the conductor elements are brought into a predefined target radial position relative to the laminated core by calibration forces acting radially towards the axis of rotation and exerted by at least one calibration device with controllably adjustable calibrating fingers aligned radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the at least one bending tool. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calibration forces applied via the calibration fingers are applied relative to the longitudinal ends of the conductor elements, while the at least one bending tool is connected to the longitudinal ends of the conductor elements and is still in contact or still in positive engagement therewith, so that the longitudinal ends of the conductor elements are held by the at least one bending tool positioned at their target offset angle or in the immediate vicinity of their target offset angle relative to the laminated core and are guided in the radial direction towards the axis of rotation. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conductor elements are pressed in the direction towards the axis of rotation, starting from the calibration fingers which are adjustable radially in the direction towards the axis of rotation, and in the process the radially innermost conductor elements are pressed against an outer surface of a support mandrel via conductor elements located radially further out. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the support mandrel has a smaller diameter than an inner diameter of the innermost layer of conductor elements when taking up their target radial position. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the support mandrel has a larger diameter than an inner diameter of the innermost layer of conductor elements when taking up their target radial position, in particular in the form of a truncated cone and has this larger diameter within at least one axial cross-sectional plane of its truncated cone shape, so that the conductor elements are pressed radially outwards during the insertion or slide-in of the support mandrel into the ring arrangement of conductor elements. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein two or more conductor elements juxtaposed in a radial direction towards the main axis of the laminated core are arranged in each receiving groove to form two or more concentric layers of conductor elements, wherein the mutually opposite longitudinal ends of the conductor elements arranged within a radially inner layer by means of the corresponding bending tools are simultaneously or at least at times simultaneously bent in opposite directions with respect to the circumferential direction of the laminated core, and/or that simultaneously or at least at times simultaneously the opposite longitudinal ends of the conductor elements of an immediately adjacent, radially outer layer are bent in opposite directions by means of the corresponding, further bending tools by a defined angle of rotation with respect to the circumferential direction of the laminated core. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein bringing the main axis of the laminated core into a horizontal orientation or rather by maintaining a horizontal orientation of the main axis of the laminated core before the bending operation, respectively during the bending operation, of the first and second longitudinal ends and/or the first and second conductor protrusions of the conductor elements is carried out. 8. A device for the automated manufacturing of a semi-finished product of a stator of an electrical machine, comprising
a support frame for holding at least one bending tool mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation, wherein the at least one bending tool is hollow-cylindrical or cup-shaped and has, on one end face of its hollow-cylindrical portion, a plurality of radially with respect to the axis of rotation extending driving webs arranged in a distributed manner in the circumferential direction of the latter, clearances being formed between each of the driving webs adjoining one another in the circumferential direction, which clearances are provided for receiving partial sections or longitudinal ends of conductor elements to be bent with the bending tool, with at least one motion drive for the at least one rotatably mounted bending tool, and with at least one electronic control device for controlled activation of the at least one motion drive, wherein the at least one bending tool is surrounded on its outer circumference by at least one calibration device, which at least one calibration device comprises a plurality of calibration fingers aligned radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the at least one bending tool, and in that the calibration fingers are adjustable in the direction towards the axis of rotation and in the direction away from the axis of rotation by means of at least one actuator. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one calibration device comprises a support body with a centrally arranged circular clearance, which clearance has a diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of the at least one bending tool accommodated therein. 10. The device according to claim 8, wherein an adjustment path of the calibration fingers is dimensioned in such a way that calibration tips on the calibration fingers can penetrate into the clearances between the driving webs in the course of a calibration operation, and in that the calibration tips can be positioned outside the clearances in the course of a bending operation by means of the at least one bending tool. 11. The device according to claim 8, wherein the actuator for the calibration fingers is formed by at least one linear drive, in particular by a plurality of working cylinders, which actuator acts on a plurality of link guides in such a way that the calibration fingers can be moved in the radial direction towards the axis of rotation and in the radial direction away from the axis of rotation. 12. The device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one calibration device and the at least one bending tool are mounted on a common support frame. | The invention relates to a method and a device for the automated manufacturing of a semi-finished product of a stator (1) of an electrical machine. A substantially hollow-cylindrical laminated core (2) with a plurality of stacked sheet metal segments (2′) defining a main axis (6) is provided. Rod-shaped conductor elements (3, 4) for the construction of an electrical winding protrude with at least one of their longitudinal ends (11, 12; 13, 14) with respect to the first and/or second end face (7, 8) of the laminated core (2), so that they form conductor protrusions (15, 16; 17, 18) with respect to the laminated core (2) at at least one of the end faces (7, 8) of the laminated core (2). These conductor protrusions (15, 16; 17, 18) of the conductor elements (3, 4) are bent in the direction of the circumferential direction of the hollow-cylindrical laminated core (2) by means of at least one bending tool (25, 25; 26, 26′) mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation (27). In addition, the longitudinal ends (11, 12; 13, 14) of the conductor elements (3, 4) are brought into a predefined target radial position relative to the laminated core (2) by calibrating forces acting radially in the direction towards the axis of rotation (27) and exerted by at least one calibration device (28, 29) with controllably adjustable calibrating fingers (30, 31) aligned radially with respect to the axis of rotation (27) of the at least one bending tool (25, 25′, 26, 26′).1. A method for an automated manufacturing of a semi-finished product of a stator of an electrical machine, the method, comprising:
provision of a substantially hollow-cylindrical laminated core with a plurality of stacked sheet metal segments defining a main axis, which laminated core has a plurality of receiving grooves for conductor elements of an electrical winding, which receiving grooves are distributed in the circumferential direction of the laminated core and extend between a first and second axial end face of the laminated core, wherein the conductor elements protrude with at least one of their longitudinal ends with respect to the first and/or second end face of the laminated core and thus form conductor protrusions with respect to the laminated core at at least one of the end faces of the laminated core, and bending of the conductor protrusions of the conductor elements in the direction of the circumferential direction of the hollow-cylindrical laminated core by means of at least one bending tool rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation, wherein the longitudinal ends of the conductor elements are brought into a predefined target radial position relative to the laminated core by calibration forces acting radially towards the axis of rotation and exerted by at least one calibration device with controllably adjustable calibrating fingers aligned radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the at least one bending tool. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calibration forces applied via the calibration fingers are applied relative to the longitudinal ends of the conductor elements, while the at least one bending tool is connected to the longitudinal ends of the conductor elements and is still in contact or still in positive engagement therewith, so that the longitudinal ends of the conductor elements are held by the at least one bending tool positioned at their target offset angle or in the immediate vicinity of their target offset angle relative to the laminated core and are guided in the radial direction towards the axis of rotation. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conductor elements are pressed in the direction towards the axis of rotation, starting from the calibration fingers which are adjustable radially in the direction towards the axis of rotation, and in the process the radially innermost conductor elements are pressed against an outer surface of a support mandrel via conductor elements located radially further out. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the support mandrel has a smaller diameter than an inner diameter of the innermost layer of conductor elements when taking up their target radial position. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the support mandrel has a larger diameter than an inner diameter of the innermost layer of conductor elements when taking up their target radial position, in particular in the form of a truncated cone and has this larger diameter within at least one axial cross-sectional plane of its truncated cone shape, so that the conductor elements are pressed radially outwards during the insertion or slide-in of the support mandrel into the ring arrangement of conductor elements. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein two or more conductor elements juxtaposed in a radial direction towards the main axis of the laminated core are arranged in each receiving groove to form two or more concentric layers of conductor elements, wherein the mutually opposite longitudinal ends of the conductor elements arranged within a radially inner layer by means of the corresponding bending tools are simultaneously or at least at times simultaneously bent in opposite directions with respect to the circumferential direction of the laminated core, and/or that simultaneously or at least at times simultaneously the opposite longitudinal ends of the conductor elements of an immediately adjacent, radially outer layer are bent in opposite directions by means of the corresponding, further bending tools by a defined angle of rotation with respect to the circumferential direction of the laminated core. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein bringing the main axis of the laminated core into a horizontal orientation or rather by maintaining a horizontal orientation of the main axis of the laminated core before the bending operation, respectively during the bending operation, of the first and second longitudinal ends and/or the first and second conductor protrusions of the conductor elements is carried out. 8. A device for the automated manufacturing of a semi-finished product of a stator of an electrical machine, comprising
a support frame for holding at least one bending tool mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation, wherein the at least one bending tool is hollow-cylindrical or cup-shaped and has, on one end face of its hollow-cylindrical portion, a plurality of radially with respect to the axis of rotation extending driving webs arranged in a distributed manner in the circumferential direction of the latter, clearances being formed between each of the driving webs adjoining one another in the circumferential direction, which clearances are provided for receiving partial sections or longitudinal ends of conductor elements to be bent with the bending tool, with at least one motion drive for the at least one rotatably mounted bending tool, and with at least one electronic control device for controlled activation of the at least one motion drive, wherein the at least one bending tool is surrounded on its outer circumference by at least one calibration device, which at least one calibration device comprises a plurality of calibration fingers aligned radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the at least one bending tool, and in that the calibration fingers are adjustable in the direction towards the axis of rotation and in the direction away from the axis of rotation by means of at least one actuator. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one calibration device comprises a support body with a centrally arranged circular clearance, which clearance has a diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of the at least one bending tool accommodated therein. 10. The device according to claim 8, wherein an adjustment path of the calibration fingers is dimensioned in such a way that calibration tips on the calibration fingers can penetrate into the clearances between the driving webs in the course of a calibration operation, and in that the calibration tips can be positioned outside the clearances in the course of a bending operation by means of the at least one bending tool. 11. The device according to claim 8, wherein the actuator for the calibration fingers is formed by at least one linear drive, in particular by a plurality of working cylinders, which actuator acts on a plurality of link guides in such a way that the calibration fingers can be moved in the radial direction towards the axis of rotation and in the radial direction away from the axis of rotation. 12. The device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one calibration device and the at least one bending tool are mounted on a common support frame. | 3,700 |
345,572 | 16,643,424 | 3,781 | Described herein is a system for directing light over two dimensions. In a first embodiment, an optical beam director includes a wavelength router, such as an optical interleaver, optically coupled to an array of dispersive elements, such as free-space diffractive couplers. In a second embodiment, an optical beam director includes a diffractive element optically coupled to a 1D-to-2D spatial interleaver. | 1. A spatial profiling system for profiling an environment, the spatial profiling system comprising:
an optical system for directing light into an environment having a depth dimension over two dimensions, the two dimensions comprising a first dimension and a second dimension substantially perpendicular to the first dimension, the optical system including:
a wavelength selector for selecting one or more of multiple wavelength channels grouped into groups of non-neighbouring wavelength channels;
a wavelength router for routing the light from a first port to one of second ports based on the selected wavelength channel, the second ports being (a) arranged to direct the routed light across a wavelength dimension associated with the first dimension of the environment and (b) each associated with a respective one of the groups of non-neighbouring wavelength channels;
an array of dispersive elements arranged to each receive the routed light from the respective one of the second ports, each of the array of dispersive elements configured to direct the received light across the second dimension of the environment; and
a receiver for receiving light returned from the environment, the returned light containing information for determination of the depth dimension over the first dimension and the second dimension;
a light source optically coupled to the optical system for providing the light; and processing unit operatively coupled to the optical system, the processing unit configured to determine the depth dimension of the environment over the two dimensions. 2. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein the wavelength router includes an optical interleaver. 3. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver includes an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). 4. The spatial profiling system of claim 3 wherein the AWG includes a cyclic AWG. 5. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). 6. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver includes a cascaded interleaver. 7. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver has a free spectral range of no more than 10 GHz. 8. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver has a free spectral range of no more than 5 GHz. 9. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver has a free spectral range of no more than 1 GHz. 10. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein M or M/N is at least 8, where M is the number of the groups and N is the number of multiple wavelength channels. 11. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein M or M/N is at least 16, where M is the number of the groups and N is the number of multiple wavelength channels. 12. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein M or M/N is at least 32, where M is the number of the groups and N is the number of multiple wavelength channels. 13. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein the array of dispersive elements include at least a free-space diffractive coupler. 14. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 further comprising a collimating element to collimate the directed light. 15. The spatial profiling system of claim 14 wherein the collimating element includes a focal plane, and the array of dispersive elements are located in the focal plane. 16. The spatial profiling system of claim 15 wherein the collimating element is a cylindrical lens. 17. A spatial profiling system for profiling an environment, the spatial profiling system comprising:
an optical system for directing light into an environment having a depth dimension over a first dimension and a second dimension, the second dimension substantially perpendicular to the first dimension the optical system including:
a wavelength selector for selecting one or more of multiple wavelength channels grouped into groups of non-neighbouring wavelength channels;
a dispersive element arranged to direct the light over a wavelength dimension based on the selected one or more of the multiple wavelength channels;
a spatial router for routing the light from one of multiple first ports to one of multiple second ports, the multiple first ports being arranged in accordance with the wavelength dimension, the multiple second ports being arranged along two dimensions associated with the first dimension and the second dimension; and
a receiver for receiving light returned from the environment, the returned light containing information for determination of the depth dimension over the first dimension and the second dimension;
a light source optically coupled to the optical system for providing the light; and a processing unit operatively coupled to the optical system, the processing unit configured to the determined depth dimension of the environment over the two dimensions. 18. The spatial profiling system of claim 17 wherein the dispersive element includes an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). 19. The spatial profiling system of claim 18 wherein the spatial router includes a one-dimension to two-dimension array of waveguides. 20. (canceled) | Described herein is a system for directing light over two dimensions. In a first embodiment, an optical beam director includes a wavelength router, such as an optical interleaver, optically coupled to an array of dispersive elements, such as free-space diffractive couplers. In a second embodiment, an optical beam director includes a diffractive element optically coupled to a 1D-to-2D spatial interleaver.1. A spatial profiling system for profiling an environment, the spatial profiling system comprising:
an optical system for directing light into an environment having a depth dimension over two dimensions, the two dimensions comprising a first dimension and a second dimension substantially perpendicular to the first dimension, the optical system including:
a wavelength selector for selecting one or more of multiple wavelength channels grouped into groups of non-neighbouring wavelength channels;
a wavelength router for routing the light from a first port to one of second ports based on the selected wavelength channel, the second ports being (a) arranged to direct the routed light across a wavelength dimension associated with the first dimension of the environment and (b) each associated with a respective one of the groups of non-neighbouring wavelength channels;
an array of dispersive elements arranged to each receive the routed light from the respective one of the second ports, each of the array of dispersive elements configured to direct the received light across the second dimension of the environment; and
a receiver for receiving light returned from the environment, the returned light containing information for determination of the depth dimension over the first dimension and the second dimension;
a light source optically coupled to the optical system for providing the light; and processing unit operatively coupled to the optical system, the processing unit configured to determine the depth dimension of the environment over the two dimensions. 2. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein the wavelength router includes an optical interleaver. 3. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver includes an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). 4. The spatial profiling system of claim 3 wherein the AWG includes a cyclic AWG. 5. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). 6. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver includes a cascaded interleaver. 7. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver has a free spectral range of no more than 10 GHz. 8. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver has a free spectral range of no more than 5 GHz. 9. The spatial profiling system of claim 2 wherein the optical interleaver has a free spectral range of no more than 1 GHz. 10. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein M or M/N is at least 8, where M is the number of the groups and N is the number of multiple wavelength channels. 11. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein M or M/N is at least 16, where M is the number of the groups and N is the number of multiple wavelength channels. 12. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein M or M/N is at least 32, where M is the number of the groups and N is the number of multiple wavelength channels. 13. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 wherein the array of dispersive elements include at least a free-space diffractive coupler. 14. The spatial profiling system of claim 1 further comprising a collimating element to collimate the directed light. 15. The spatial profiling system of claim 14 wherein the collimating element includes a focal plane, and the array of dispersive elements are located in the focal plane. 16. The spatial profiling system of claim 15 wherein the collimating element is a cylindrical lens. 17. A spatial profiling system for profiling an environment, the spatial profiling system comprising:
an optical system for directing light into an environment having a depth dimension over a first dimension and a second dimension, the second dimension substantially perpendicular to the first dimension the optical system including:
a wavelength selector for selecting one or more of multiple wavelength channels grouped into groups of non-neighbouring wavelength channels;
a dispersive element arranged to direct the light over a wavelength dimension based on the selected one or more of the multiple wavelength channels;
a spatial router for routing the light from one of multiple first ports to one of multiple second ports, the multiple first ports being arranged in accordance with the wavelength dimension, the multiple second ports being arranged along two dimensions associated with the first dimension and the second dimension; and
a receiver for receiving light returned from the environment, the returned light containing information for determination of the depth dimension over the first dimension and the second dimension;
a light source optically coupled to the optical system for providing the light; and a processing unit operatively coupled to the optical system, the processing unit configured to the determined depth dimension of the environment over the two dimensions. 18. The spatial profiling system of claim 17 wherein the dispersive element includes an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). 19. The spatial profiling system of claim 18 wherein the spatial router includes a one-dimension to two-dimension array of waveguides. 20. (canceled) | 3,700 |
345,573 | 16,804,003 | 1,786 | The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an optical fiber base material and an optical fiber base material, the method including: arranging a rod containing SiO2 family glass for core, in a container; pouring a SiO2 glass raw material solution for cladding layer and a hardener into the container, the glass raw material solution containing a hardening resin; solidifying the glass raw material solution through a self-hardening reaction; and then drying the solidified material and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas, to manufacture an optical fiber base material in which a SiO2 cladding layer is formed in an outer periphery of the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core. | 1. An optical fiber base material comprising:
a rod containing SiO2 family glass for core; and a SiO2 cladding layer that covers an outer periphery of the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is a layer formed by solidifying a material in the form of liquid, an outer peripheral surface of the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core and the SiO2 cladding layer are in tight contact with each other, and surface roughness of an interface between the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core and the SiO2 cladding layer is less than 0.2 μm. 2. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of empty holes formed by molding and arranged in the SiO2 cladding layer so as to surround the outer periphery of the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core. 3. An optical fiber base material comprising:
a SiO2 cladding layer; and a plurality of empty holes that are arranged at preset intervals in a center of the SiO2 cladding layer and around the center, wherein the empty holes are formed by molding. 4. An optical fiber base material comprising:
a SiO2 cladding layer; and a plurality of empty holes that are arranged at preset intervals around a center of the SiO2 cladding layer, wherein the empty holes are formed by molding. 5. The optical fiber base material according to claim 3, wherein
the empty holes are formed using metal rods as molding dies, and surface roughness of inner surfaces of the empty holes is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 6. An optical fiber base material for a multi-core optical fiber, comprising:
a SiO2 cladding layer; and a plurality of rods containing SiO2 family glass for core arranged in the SiO2 cladding layer, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is a layer formed by solidifying a material in the form of liquid, outer peripheral surfaces of the rods containing SiO2 family glass for core and the SiO2 cladding layer are in tight contact with each other, and surface roughness of interfaces between the rods containing SiO2 family glass for core and the SiO2 cladding layer is less than 0.2 μm. 7. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein refractive index distribution of at least one of the plurality of rods containing SiO2 family glass for core is different from that of other rods containing SiO2 family glass for core. 8. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein centers of the rods containing SiO2 family glass for core are each made of a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index and a rare-earth element are added, and a type and/or an addition amount of the rare-earth element added to at least one of the plurality of rods containing SiO2 family glass for core is different from that of other rods containing SiO2 family glass for core. 9. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein surface roughness of an outer peripheral surface of the SiO2 cladding layer is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 10. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is formed by solidifying a hardening-resin-containing SiO2 glass raw material solution and a hardener through a self-hardening reaction, drying the solidified material, and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas. 11. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer has a circular or quadrangular external shape. 12. An optical fiber base material comprising:
a SiO2 glass tube having a circular external shape and a circular or quadrangular internal shape; and a rod containing SiO2 family glass for core that is arranged inside the SiO2 glass tube so as to be in contact with an inner surface of the SiO2 glass tube at least three points, wherein surface roughness of an inner surface of the SiO2 glass tube is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 13. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; and a SiO2 layer to which the additive is not added, the SiO2 layer being provided in an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer. 14. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; a SiO2 glass layer to which F is added, this SiO2 glass layer being provided in an outer periphery of the former SiO2 glass layer; and a SiO2 glass layer to which the additive and F are not added, this SiO2 glass layer being provided in an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer to which F is added. 15. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; and a SiO2 thin layer that covers an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer. 16. The optical fiber base material according to claim 13, wherein a rare-earth element is further added to the SiO2 glass layer to which the additive for enhancing the refractive index is added. 17. The optical fiber base material according to claim 4, wherein
the empty holes are formed using metal rods as molding dies, and surface roughness of inner surfaces of the empty holes is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 18. The optical fiber base material according to claim 3, wherein surface roughness of an outer peripheral surface of the SiO2 cladding layer is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 19. The optical fiber base material according to claim 4, wherein surface roughness of an outer peripheral surface of the SiO2 cladding layer is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 20. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein surface roughness of an outer peripheral surface of the SiO2 cladding layer is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 21. The optical fiber base material according to claim 3, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is formed by solidifying a hardening-resin-containing SiO2 glass raw material solution and a hardener through a self-hardening reaction, drying the solidified material, and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas. 22. The optical fiber base material according to claim 4, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is formed by solidifying a hardening-resin-containing SiO2 glass raw material solution and a hardener through a self-hardening reaction, drying the solidified material, and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas. 23. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is formed by solidifying a hardening-resin-containing SiO2 glass raw material solution and a hardener through a self-hardening reaction, drying the solidified material, and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas. 24. The optical fiber base material according to claim 3, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer has a circular or quadrangular external shape. 25. The optical fiber base material according to claim 4, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer has a circular or quadrangular external shape. 26. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer has a circular or quadrangular external shape. 27. The optical fiber base material according to claim 12, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; and a SiO2 layer to which the additive is not added, the SiO2 layer being provided in an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer. 28. The optical fiber base material according to claim 12, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; a SiO2 glass layer to which F is added, this SiO2 glass layer being provided in an outer periphery of the former SiO2 glass layer; and a SiO2 glass layer to which the additive and F are not added, this SiO2 glass layer being provided in an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer to which F is added. 29. The optical fiber base material according to claim 12, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; and a SiO2 thin layer that covers an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer. 30. The optical fiber base material according to claim 27, wherein a rare-earth element is further added to the SiO2 glass layer to which the additive for enhancing the refractive index is added. | The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an optical fiber base material and an optical fiber base material, the method including: arranging a rod containing SiO2 family glass for core, in a container; pouring a SiO2 glass raw material solution for cladding layer and a hardener into the container, the glass raw material solution containing a hardening resin; solidifying the glass raw material solution through a self-hardening reaction; and then drying the solidified material and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas, to manufacture an optical fiber base material in which a SiO2 cladding layer is formed in an outer periphery of the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core.1. An optical fiber base material comprising:
a rod containing SiO2 family glass for core; and a SiO2 cladding layer that covers an outer periphery of the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is a layer formed by solidifying a material in the form of liquid, an outer peripheral surface of the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core and the SiO2 cladding layer are in tight contact with each other, and surface roughness of an interface between the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core and the SiO2 cladding layer is less than 0.2 μm. 2. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of empty holes formed by molding and arranged in the SiO2 cladding layer so as to surround the outer periphery of the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core. 3. An optical fiber base material comprising:
a SiO2 cladding layer; and a plurality of empty holes that are arranged at preset intervals in a center of the SiO2 cladding layer and around the center, wherein the empty holes are formed by molding. 4. An optical fiber base material comprising:
a SiO2 cladding layer; and a plurality of empty holes that are arranged at preset intervals around a center of the SiO2 cladding layer, wherein the empty holes are formed by molding. 5. The optical fiber base material according to claim 3, wherein
the empty holes are formed using metal rods as molding dies, and surface roughness of inner surfaces of the empty holes is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 6. An optical fiber base material for a multi-core optical fiber, comprising:
a SiO2 cladding layer; and a plurality of rods containing SiO2 family glass for core arranged in the SiO2 cladding layer, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is a layer formed by solidifying a material in the form of liquid, outer peripheral surfaces of the rods containing SiO2 family glass for core and the SiO2 cladding layer are in tight contact with each other, and surface roughness of interfaces between the rods containing SiO2 family glass for core and the SiO2 cladding layer is less than 0.2 μm. 7. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein refractive index distribution of at least one of the plurality of rods containing SiO2 family glass for core is different from that of other rods containing SiO2 family glass for core. 8. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein centers of the rods containing SiO2 family glass for core are each made of a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index and a rare-earth element are added, and a type and/or an addition amount of the rare-earth element added to at least one of the plurality of rods containing SiO2 family glass for core is different from that of other rods containing SiO2 family glass for core. 9. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein surface roughness of an outer peripheral surface of the SiO2 cladding layer is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 10. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is formed by solidifying a hardening-resin-containing SiO2 glass raw material solution and a hardener through a self-hardening reaction, drying the solidified material, and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas. 11. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer has a circular or quadrangular external shape. 12. An optical fiber base material comprising:
a SiO2 glass tube having a circular external shape and a circular or quadrangular internal shape; and a rod containing SiO2 family glass for core that is arranged inside the SiO2 glass tube so as to be in contact with an inner surface of the SiO2 glass tube at least three points, wherein surface roughness of an inner surface of the SiO2 glass tube is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 13. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; and a SiO2 layer to which the additive is not added, the SiO2 layer being provided in an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer. 14. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; a SiO2 glass layer to which F is added, this SiO2 glass layer being provided in an outer periphery of the former SiO2 glass layer; and a SiO2 glass layer to which the additive and F are not added, this SiO2 glass layer being provided in an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer to which F is added. 15. The optical fiber base material according to claim 1, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; and a SiO2 thin layer that covers an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer. 16. The optical fiber base material according to claim 13, wherein a rare-earth element is further added to the SiO2 glass layer to which the additive for enhancing the refractive index is added. 17. The optical fiber base material according to claim 4, wherein
the empty holes are formed using metal rods as molding dies, and surface roughness of inner surfaces of the empty holes is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 18. The optical fiber base material according to claim 3, wherein surface roughness of an outer peripheral surface of the SiO2 cladding layer is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 19. The optical fiber base material according to claim 4, wherein surface roughness of an outer peripheral surface of the SiO2 cladding layer is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 20. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein surface roughness of an outer peripheral surface of the SiO2 cladding layer is equal to or less than 0.4 μm. 21. The optical fiber base material according to claim 3, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is formed by solidifying a hardening-resin-containing SiO2 glass raw material solution and a hardener through a self-hardening reaction, drying the solidified material, and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas. 22. The optical fiber base material according to claim 4, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is formed by solidifying a hardening-resin-containing SiO2 glass raw material solution and a hardener through a self-hardening reaction, drying the solidified material, and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas. 23. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer is formed by solidifying a hardening-resin-containing SiO2 glass raw material solution and a hardener through a self-hardening reaction, drying the solidified material, and heating the solidified material in chlorine gas. 24. The optical fiber base material according to claim 3, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer has a circular or quadrangular external shape. 25. The optical fiber base material according to claim 4, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer has a circular or quadrangular external shape. 26. The optical fiber base material according to claim 6, wherein the SiO2 cladding layer has a circular or quadrangular external shape. 27. The optical fiber base material according to claim 12, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; and a SiO2 layer to which the additive is not added, the SiO2 layer being provided in an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer. 28. The optical fiber base material according to claim 12, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; a SiO2 glass layer to which F is added, this SiO2 glass layer being provided in an outer periphery of the former SiO2 glass layer; and a SiO2 glass layer to which the additive and F are not added, this SiO2 glass layer being provided in an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer to which F is added. 29. The optical fiber base material according to claim 12, wherein the rod containing SiO2 family glass for core includes:
a SiO2 glass layer to which an additive for enhancing a refractive index is added; and a SiO2 thin layer that covers an outer periphery of the SiO2 glass layer. 30. The optical fiber base material according to claim 27, wherein a rare-earth element is further added to the SiO2 glass layer to which the additive for enhancing the refractive index is added. | 1,700 |
345,574 | 16,643,492 | 2,115 | Power monitoring circuitry is provided to monitor an input system power profile of processing tasks executing on a processing platform. An input is provided to receive from the processing platform, a processing system signal indicating a power being consumed by the processing platform. A counter is provided to store a count value corresponding to an accumulated number or amount of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by the received processing system signal in a count-accumulation time interval. The count value is supplied to a power control circuit of the processing platform via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the count value to control a performance level of the processing platform. | 1-32. (canceled) 33. Power monitoring circuitry to monitor a system power profile of processing tasks executing on a processing platform, the power monitoring circuitry comprising:
an input to receive from the processing platform, a processing system signal indicating a power being consumed by the processing platform; and a counter to store a count value corresponding to an accumulated number of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by the received processing system signal in a count-accumulation time interval; wherein the count value is supplied to a power control circuit of the processing platform via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the count value to control a performance level of the processing platform. 34. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, comprising a critical level comparator to compare the processing system signal with a critical threshold value and to determine if a critical threshold condition is triggered; and
throttle signal output circuitry to assert a throttle signal to the processing platform to activate a power-reducing feature of one or more components of the processing platform when the critical comparator indicates that the critical threshold condition is triggered. 35. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, comprising at least one further warning comparator to perform a respective further comparison and at least one further counter to store a respective further count value and wherein the at least one further count value is supplied to a power control circuit of the processing platform via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the at least one further count value to control a performance level of the processing platform. 36. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the processing system signal is one of a power signal, a voltage signal and a current signal. 37. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 36, comprising mode setting circuitry to set the power monitoring circuitry to operate in a first monitoring mode in which the warning threshold condition corresponds to at least one of the system power signal or system current signal being at or above the warning threshold value or to operate in a second monitoring mode in which the warning threshold condition corresponds to the system voltage signal being at or below the warning threshold value. 38. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the count value is read by the power control circuit of the processing platform at a reading rate having a first time interval between successive read events and wherein the counter has a count resolution corresponding to a second time, wherein the first time interval is greater than the second time. 39. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 38, wherein when the count value is determined to be approaching saturation, the power control circuitry is arranged to at least one of: increase the reading rate or adjust the warning threshold value to reduce a likelihood of saturation occurring. 40. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 34, wherein the power control circuit is responsive to the count value to associate a low count value with a less-bursty workload having a given average power and to associate a high count value with a more bursty workload having the given average power and to increase an operating frequency of at least one processor of the processing platform when the workload is determined to be less bursty. 41. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 40, wherein the increase in the operating frequency for the less bursty workloads is controlled by the power control circuit depending on a rate of assertion of the throttle signal. 42. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 41, comprising a count encoder to perform a conversion of the count value obtained from the warning counter, the count value having a first number of bits, to an encoded count value having a second number of bits less than the first number of bits, the encoded count value depending upon a position of a most significant bit of the count value. 43. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 42, wherein the counter encoder comprises a first bit field to represent a mantissa and a second bit field to represent an exponent corresponding to the first warning count value. 44. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 43, wherein the mantissa of the encoded first warning count value comprises a number of contiguous bits of the count value starting from the most significant bit and including a number of bits equal to a width of the first bit field. 45. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 34, comprising a debouncer to control a debounce time corresponding to a minimum duration for which the processing system signal is to sustain traversal of the critical threshold value to trigger output of the throttle signal. 46. Power monitoring circuitry according to claim 45, comprising a debounce time decoder to receive from a storage element an encoded value for the debounce time, the encoded value having a first number of bits and to decode the encoded value to supply to the debouncer a debounce time having a second number of bits greater than the first number of bits. 47. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the power monitoring circuitry is included in a voltage regulator for a processor. 48. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the power monitoring circuitry is included in a battery charger. 49. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the power monitoring circuitry is included in a power supply for a server or for a desktop computer. 50. An apparatus comprising:
a processing platform including at least one processor; power control circuitry to control a performance level of the at least one processor; and power monitoring circuitry to monitor a system power profile of processing tasks executing on the processing platform, the power monitoring circuitry comprising: an input to receive a processing system signal indicating a power being consumed by the processing platform; and a counter to store a count value corresponding to an accumulated number of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by the received processing system signal in a count-accumulation time interval; wherein the count value is supplied to the power control circuit via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the count value to control the performance level of the processing platform. 51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the apparatus comprises a mobile phone, a desktop computer, or a mobile computer. 52. Power control circuitry for a processing platform, comprising:
an input to receive from the processing platform at least one count value, the count value corresponding to an accumulated number of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by a processing system signal of the processing platform in a count-accumulation time interval; and power level adjustment circuitry for the processing platform to adjust a performance level of at least one component controlled by the processing platform based on the count value. 53. Power control circuitry as claimed in claim 52 comprising:
an input to receive from the processing platform, a critical warning signal indicating that a critical threshold condition has been triggered, the triggering indicating that a load power of the processing platform exceeds a power delivery limit of a power source; and
power level adjustment circuitry for the processing platform to reduce a power consumption of the processing platform responsive to receipt of the critical warning signal. 54. Power level control circuitry as claimed in claim 53, wherein the power level adjustment circuitry is to adjust a power level utilization level of the processing platform based on the count value and the critical warning signal to maintain a stable system input power. 55. Machine readable instructions provided on at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium, the machine-readable instructions, when executed, to cause processing hardware to:
receive from a processing platform, a processing system signal indicating a power being consumed by the processing platform;
store a count value corresponding to an accumulated number of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by the received processing system signal in a count-accumulation time interval; and
output the count value to a power control circuit of the processing platform via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the count value to control a performance level of the processing platform. 56. Machine readable instructions as claimed in claim 55, comprising further machine-readable instructions provided on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium, that when executed, cause the processing hardware to:
receive a critical warning signal indicating that a critical threshold condition has been triggered corresponding to a load power of a processing platform exceeding a power delivery limit of a power source; and
reduce a power consumption of the processing platform responsive to receipt of the critical power warning signal. 57. Machine readable instructions as claimed in claim 55, comprising further machine-readable instructions provided on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium, that when executed, cause the processing hardware to:
adjust a power level utilization level of at least one component of the processing platform based on at least one of the threshold count and the critical power warning signal to maintain a stable system input power drawn from a power supply below the critical threshold regardless of a processing workload of the processing platform being constant-duty or bursty in nature. | Power monitoring circuitry is provided to monitor an input system power profile of processing tasks executing on a processing platform. An input is provided to receive from the processing platform, a processing system signal indicating a power being consumed by the processing platform. A counter is provided to store a count value corresponding to an accumulated number or amount of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by the received processing system signal in a count-accumulation time interval. The count value is supplied to a power control circuit of the processing platform via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the count value to control a performance level of the processing platform.1-32. (canceled) 33. Power monitoring circuitry to monitor a system power profile of processing tasks executing on a processing platform, the power monitoring circuitry comprising:
an input to receive from the processing platform, a processing system signal indicating a power being consumed by the processing platform; and a counter to store a count value corresponding to an accumulated number of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by the received processing system signal in a count-accumulation time interval; wherein the count value is supplied to a power control circuit of the processing platform via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the count value to control a performance level of the processing platform. 34. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, comprising a critical level comparator to compare the processing system signal with a critical threshold value and to determine if a critical threshold condition is triggered; and
throttle signal output circuitry to assert a throttle signal to the processing platform to activate a power-reducing feature of one or more components of the processing platform when the critical comparator indicates that the critical threshold condition is triggered. 35. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, comprising at least one further warning comparator to perform a respective further comparison and at least one further counter to store a respective further count value and wherein the at least one further count value is supplied to a power control circuit of the processing platform via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the at least one further count value to control a performance level of the processing platform. 36. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the processing system signal is one of a power signal, a voltage signal and a current signal. 37. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 36, comprising mode setting circuitry to set the power monitoring circuitry to operate in a first monitoring mode in which the warning threshold condition corresponds to at least one of the system power signal or system current signal being at or above the warning threshold value or to operate in a second monitoring mode in which the warning threshold condition corresponds to the system voltage signal being at or below the warning threshold value. 38. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the count value is read by the power control circuit of the processing platform at a reading rate having a first time interval between successive read events and wherein the counter has a count resolution corresponding to a second time, wherein the first time interval is greater than the second time. 39. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 38, wherein when the count value is determined to be approaching saturation, the power control circuitry is arranged to at least one of: increase the reading rate or adjust the warning threshold value to reduce a likelihood of saturation occurring. 40. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 34, wherein the power control circuit is responsive to the count value to associate a low count value with a less-bursty workload having a given average power and to associate a high count value with a more bursty workload having the given average power and to increase an operating frequency of at least one processor of the processing platform when the workload is determined to be less bursty. 41. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 40, wherein the increase in the operating frequency for the less bursty workloads is controlled by the power control circuit depending on a rate of assertion of the throttle signal. 42. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 41, comprising a count encoder to perform a conversion of the count value obtained from the warning counter, the count value having a first number of bits, to an encoded count value having a second number of bits less than the first number of bits, the encoded count value depending upon a position of a most significant bit of the count value. 43. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 42, wherein the counter encoder comprises a first bit field to represent a mantissa and a second bit field to represent an exponent corresponding to the first warning count value. 44. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 43, wherein the mantissa of the encoded first warning count value comprises a number of contiguous bits of the count value starting from the most significant bit and including a number of bits equal to a width of the first bit field. 45. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 34, comprising a debouncer to control a debounce time corresponding to a minimum duration for which the processing system signal is to sustain traversal of the critical threshold value to trigger output of the throttle signal. 46. Power monitoring circuitry according to claim 45, comprising a debounce time decoder to receive from a storage element an encoded value for the debounce time, the encoded value having a first number of bits and to decode the encoded value to supply to the debouncer a debounce time having a second number of bits greater than the first number of bits. 47. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the power monitoring circuitry is included in a voltage regulator for a processor. 48. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the power monitoring circuitry is included in a battery charger. 49. Power monitoring circuitry as claimed in claim 33, wherein the power monitoring circuitry is included in a power supply for a server or for a desktop computer. 50. An apparatus comprising:
a processing platform including at least one processor; power control circuitry to control a performance level of the at least one processor; and power monitoring circuitry to monitor a system power profile of processing tasks executing on the processing platform, the power monitoring circuitry comprising: an input to receive a processing system signal indicating a power being consumed by the processing platform; and a counter to store a count value corresponding to an accumulated number of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by the received processing system signal in a count-accumulation time interval; wherein the count value is supplied to the power control circuit via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the count value to control the performance level of the processing platform. 51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the apparatus comprises a mobile phone, a desktop computer, or a mobile computer. 52. Power control circuitry for a processing platform, comprising:
an input to receive from the processing platform at least one count value, the count value corresponding to an accumulated number of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by a processing system signal of the processing platform in a count-accumulation time interval; and power level adjustment circuitry for the processing platform to adjust a performance level of at least one component controlled by the processing platform based on the count value. 53. Power control circuitry as claimed in claim 52 comprising:
an input to receive from the processing platform, a critical warning signal indicating that a critical threshold condition has been triggered, the triggering indicating that a load power of the processing platform exceeds a power delivery limit of a power source; and
power level adjustment circuitry for the processing platform to reduce a power consumption of the processing platform responsive to receipt of the critical warning signal. 54. Power level control circuitry as claimed in claim 53, wherein the power level adjustment circuitry is to adjust a power level utilization level of the processing platform based on the count value and the critical warning signal to maintain a stable system input power. 55. Machine readable instructions provided on at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium, the machine-readable instructions, when executed, to cause processing hardware to:
receive from a processing platform, a processing system signal indicating a power being consumed by the processing platform;
store a count value corresponding to an accumulated number of times that a warning threshold condition associated with a warning threshold value is satisfied by the received processing system signal in a count-accumulation time interval; and
output the count value to a power control circuit of the processing platform via a bus in response to a read request from the power control circuit, the power control circuit being responsive to the count value to control a performance level of the processing platform. 56. Machine readable instructions as claimed in claim 55, comprising further machine-readable instructions provided on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium, that when executed, cause the processing hardware to:
receive a critical warning signal indicating that a critical threshold condition has been triggered corresponding to a load power of a processing platform exceeding a power delivery limit of a power source; and
reduce a power consumption of the processing platform responsive to receipt of the critical power warning signal. 57. Machine readable instructions as claimed in claim 55, comprising further machine-readable instructions provided on the at least one non-transitory machine-readable medium, that when executed, cause the processing hardware to:
adjust a power level utilization level of at least one component of the processing platform based on at least one of the threshold count and the critical power warning signal to maintain a stable system input power drawn from a power supply below the critical threshold regardless of a processing workload of the processing platform being constant-duty or bursty in nature. | 2,100 |
345,575 | 16,643,410 | 2,115 | The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and a method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by using the sulfated metal oxide catalyst. A sulfated zirconia catalyst and a sulfated tin oxide catalyst are disclosed as the sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination. | 1. A method for preparing a sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination, the method comprising:
a step a) of forming a mixed solution by mixing an amine reactant and a zirconium precursor containing an oxygen element and dissolving the mixture in a solvent; a step b) of forming a gel-type product by heating and stirring the mixed solution formed in the step a); a step c) of forming zirconia (ZrO2) by calcining the gel-type product formed in the step b); and a step d) of preparing sulfated zirconia (SO4 2−/ZrO2) by impregnating the zirconia formed in the step c) with a solution containing a sulfated agent and evaporating the solvent by performing heating. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amine reactant is selected from aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, taurine, sarcosine, iminodiacetate, alanine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, arginine, and water-soluble salts thereof, and
the zirconium precursor containing an oxygen element is selected from zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2.8H2O) and zirconium(IV) oxynitrate hydrate (ZrO(NO3)2.xH2O). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the step a), the amine reactant and the zirconium precursor containing an oxygen element are mixed at a molar ratio of 1:0.5 to 1:5. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step e) of calcining the sulfated zirconia prepared in the step d) at 500 to 800° C. under an air atmosphere. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. A sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination. 13. The sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination of claim 12, wherein a content of sulfate ions (SO4 2−) in the catalyst is 10.0 wt % or more. 14. The sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination of claim 12, wherein a total acid density of the catalyst measured by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) is 8 mmolNH3/g or more, and
a proportion of an acid density of a very strong acid site (an acid site at which an acid site desorption temperature is higher than 400° C.) is 80% or more of the total acid density. 15. (canceled) 16. A method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by performing a chlorination reaction on a reactant containing methane (CH4) under a presence of the sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination prepared by the preparation method of claim 1. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the chlorination reaction is performed:
(i) at a temperature of 200 to 550° C.; (ii) at a molar ratio of the reactant containing methane to chlorine (Cl2) gas of 1/1 to 10/1; and (iii) at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of each of the reactants of 100 to 3000 cc/g/h. 18. A method for preparing a sulfated tin oxide (SO4 2−/SnO2) catalyst for chlorination, the method comprising:
a step a) of dissolving a tin precursor in a solvent and inducing hydrolysis of the tin precursor by adding aqueous ammonia until a pH of a solution reaches 7.5 or more; a step b) of obtaining a solid product by filtering a precipitate obtained by the hydrolysis in the step a); a step c) of producing tin hydroxide (Sn(OH)4) by drying the solid product obtained in the step b); a step d) of obtaining a solid product by impregnating the tin hydroxide (Sn(OH)4) produced in the step c) with a solution containing a sulfated agent, stirring the solution and performing filtering; a step e) of drying the solid product obtained in the step d); and a step f) of producing sulfated tin oxide by calcining the solid product dried in the step e). 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the tin precursor is at least one selected from SnCl2, SnCl2.2H2O, CH3(CH2)3SnCl3, SnCl4.5H2O, and SnCl4. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. A sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination. 25. The sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination of claim 24, wherein a content of sulfate ions (SO4 2−) in the catalyst is 5.0 wt % or more. 26. The sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination of claim 24, wherein a total acid density of the catalyst measured by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) is 3.0 mmolNH3/g or more, and
a proportion of an acid density of a very strong acid site (an acid site at which an acid site desorption temperature is higher than 400° C.) is 50% or more of the total acid density. 27. The sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination of claim 24, wherein a BET specific surface area of the catalyst is 80 to 200 m2/g. 28. (canceled) 29. A method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by performing a chlorination reaction on a reactant containing methane (CH4) under a presence of the sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination prepared by the preparation method of claim 18. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the chlorination reaction is performed:
(i) at a temperature of 200 to 550° C.; (ii) at a molar ratio of the reactant containing methane to chlorine (Cl2) gas of 1/1 to 10/1; and (iii) at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of each of the reactants of 100 to 3000 cc/g/h. 31. A method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by performing a chlorination reaction on a reactant containing methane (CH4) under a presence of the sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination of claim 12. 32. A method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by performing a chlorination reaction on a reactant containing methane (CH4) under a presence of the sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination of claim 24. | The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and a method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by using the sulfated metal oxide catalyst. A sulfated zirconia catalyst and a sulfated tin oxide catalyst are disclosed as the sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination.1. A method for preparing a sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination, the method comprising:
a step a) of forming a mixed solution by mixing an amine reactant and a zirconium precursor containing an oxygen element and dissolving the mixture in a solvent; a step b) of forming a gel-type product by heating and stirring the mixed solution formed in the step a); a step c) of forming zirconia (ZrO2) by calcining the gel-type product formed in the step b); and a step d) of preparing sulfated zirconia (SO4 2−/ZrO2) by impregnating the zirconia formed in the step c) with a solution containing a sulfated agent and evaporating the solvent by performing heating. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amine reactant is selected from aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, taurine, sarcosine, iminodiacetate, alanine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, arginine, and water-soluble salts thereof, and
the zirconium precursor containing an oxygen element is selected from zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2.8H2O) and zirconium(IV) oxynitrate hydrate (ZrO(NO3)2.xH2O). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the step a), the amine reactant and the zirconium precursor containing an oxygen element are mixed at a molar ratio of 1:0.5 to 1:5. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step e) of calcining the sulfated zirconia prepared in the step d) at 500 to 800° C. under an air atmosphere. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. A sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination. 13. The sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination of claim 12, wherein a content of sulfate ions (SO4 2−) in the catalyst is 10.0 wt % or more. 14. The sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination of claim 12, wherein a total acid density of the catalyst measured by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) is 8 mmolNH3/g or more, and
a proportion of an acid density of a very strong acid site (an acid site at which an acid site desorption temperature is higher than 400° C.) is 80% or more of the total acid density. 15. (canceled) 16. A method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by performing a chlorination reaction on a reactant containing methane (CH4) under a presence of the sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination prepared by the preparation method of claim 1. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the chlorination reaction is performed:
(i) at a temperature of 200 to 550° C.; (ii) at a molar ratio of the reactant containing methane to chlorine (Cl2) gas of 1/1 to 10/1; and (iii) at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of each of the reactants of 100 to 3000 cc/g/h. 18. A method for preparing a sulfated tin oxide (SO4 2−/SnO2) catalyst for chlorination, the method comprising:
a step a) of dissolving a tin precursor in a solvent and inducing hydrolysis of the tin precursor by adding aqueous ammonia until a pH of a solution reaches 7.5 or more; a step b) of obtaining a solid product by filtering a precipitate obtained by the hydrolysis in the step a); a step c) of producing tin hydroxide (Sn(OH)4) by drying the solid product obtained in the step b); a step d) of obtaining a solid product by impregnating the tin hydroxide (Sn(OH)4) produced in the step c) with a solution containing a sulfated agent, stirring the solution and performing filtering; a step e) of drying the solid product obtained in the step d); and a step f) of producing sulfated tin oxide by calcining the solid product dried in the step e). 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the tin precursor is at least one selected from SnCl2, SnCl2.2H2O, CH3(CH2)3SnCl3, SnCl4.5H2O, and SnCl4. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. A sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination. 25. The sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination of claim 24, wherein a content of sulfate ions (SO4 2−) in the catalyst is 5.0 wt % or more. 26. The sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination of claim 24, wherein a total acid density of the catalyst measured by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) is 3.0 mmolNH3/g or more, and
a proportion of an acid density of a very strong acid site (an acid site at which an acid site desorption temperature is higher than 400° C.) is 50% or more of the total acid density. 27. The sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination of claim 24, wherein a BET specific surface area of the catalyst is 80 to 200 m2/g. 28. (canceled) 29. A method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by performing a chlorination reaction on a reactant containing methane (CH4) under a presence of the sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination prepared by the preparation method of claim 18. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the chlorination reaction is performed:
(i) at a temperature of 200 to 550° C.; (ii) at a molar ratio of the reactant containing methane to chlorine (Cl2) gas of 1/1 to 10/1; and (iii) at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of each of the reactants of 100 to 3000 cc/g/h. 31. A method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by performing a chlorination reaction on a reactant containing methane (CH4) under a presence of the sulfated zirconia catalyst for chlorination of claim 12. 32. A method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by performing a chlorination reaction on a reactant containing methane (CH4) under a presence of the sulfated tin oxide catalyst for chlorination of claim 24. | 2,100 |
345,576 | 16,643,456 | 2,115 | An in-vehicle device is mounted on a vehicle capable of automated driving, and comprises an incident detection processing unit which acquires vehicle information representing a control state of the vehicle, and detects an incident that occurred in the vehicle based on the vehicle information. | 1. An in-vehicle device to be mounted on a vehicle capable of automated driving, comprising:
an incident detection processing unit which acquires vehicle information representing a control state of the vehicle, and detects an incident that occurred in the vehicle based on the vehicle information. 2. The in-vehicle device according to claim 1,
wherein the incident detection processing unit detects the incident based on the vehicle information while the vehicle is engaged in automated driving. 3. The in-vehicle device according to claim 2,
wherein the incident detection processing unit determines whether the vehicle information is violating a predetermined transmission rule, and detects the incident upon determining that the vehicle information is violating the predetermined transmission rule. 4. The in-vehicle device according to claim 2,
wherein the vehicle information includes information related to an operational status of a direction indicator of the vehicle, and wherein the incident detection processing unit determines, when the vehicle is to make a turn, whether the direction indicator is indicating a direction of the turn to be made by the vehicle based on the vehicle information, and detects the incident upon determining that the direction indicator is not indicating the direction of the turn to be made by the vehicle. 5. The in-vehicle device according to claim 2,
wherein the vehicle information includes information related to objects existing around the vehicle, and wherein the incident detection processing unit determines, when the vehicle is to make a turn, whether an obstacle which will obstruct the vehicle from making the turn exists based on the vehicle information, and detects the incident upon determining that the obstacle exists. 6. The in-vehicle device according to claim 4,
wherein the vehicle is equipped with a map storage device storing map information, and wherein the incident detection processing unit determines whether the vehicle will make a turn based on the map information stored in the map storage device. 7. The in-vehicle device according to claim 1,
wherein the incident detection processing unit detects the incident based on the vehicle information while the vehicle is engaged in manual driving. 8. The in-vehicle device according to claim 7,
wherein the incident detection processing unit determines whether the vehicle information is violating a predetermined transmission rule, and detects the incident upon determining that the vehicle information is violating the predetermined transmission rule. 9. The in-vehicle device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a function deactivation unit which deactivates an automated driving function of the vehicle; and a warning processing unit which issues a warning to a driver of the vehicle, wherein the incident detection processing unit, upon detecting the incident while the vehicle is engaged in automated driving, instructs the driver to perform a switching operation of switching from automated driving to manual driving by using the warning processing unit, and thereafter causes the function deactivation unit to deactivate the automated driving function. 10. The in-vehicle device according to claim 9,
wherein the vehicle is stopped at a safe place when the switching operation is not performed within a given period of time after the instruction is given to the driver. 11. An incident monitoring method in an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle capable of automated driving, comprising:
a step of acquiring vehicle information representing a control state of the vehicle; and a step of detecting an incident that occurred in the vehicle based on the vehicle information. 12. The in-vehicle device according to claim 5,
wherein the vehicle is equipped with a map storage device storing map information, and wherein the incident detection processing unit determines whether the vehicle will make a turn based on the map information stored in the map storage device. | An in-vehicle device is mounted on a vehicle capable of automated driving, and comprises an incident detection processing unit which acquires vehicle information representing a control state of the vehicle, and detects an incident that occurred in the vehicle based on the vehicle information.1. An in-vehicle device to be mounted on a vehicle capable of automated driving, comprising:
an incident detection processing unit which acquires vehicle information representing a control state of the vehicle, and detects an incident that occurred in the vehicle based on the vehicle information. 2. The in-vehicle device according to claim 1,
wherein the incident detection processing unit detects the incident based on the vehicle information while the vehicle is engaged in automated driving. 3. The in-vehicle device according to claim 2,
wherein the incident detection processing unit determines whether the vehicle information is violating a predetermined transmission rule, and detects the incident upon determining that the vehicle information is violating the predetermined transmission rule. 4. The in-vehicle device according to claim 2,
wherein the vehicle information includes information related to an operational status of a direction indicator of the vehicle, and wherein the incident detection processing unit determines, when the vehicle is to make a turn, whether the direction indicator is indicating a direction of the turn to be made by the vehicle based on the vehicle information, and detects the incident upon determining that the direction indicator is not indicating the direction of the turn to be made by the vehicle. 5. The in-vehicle device according to claim 2,
wherein the vehicle information includes information related to objects existing around the vehicle, and wherein the incident detection processing unit determines, when the vehicle is to make a turn, whether an obstacle which will obstruct the vehicle from making the turn exists based on the vehicle information, and detects the incident upon determining that the obstacle exists. 6. The in-vehicle device according to claim 4,
wherein the vehicle is equipped with a map storage device storing map information, and wherein the incident detection processing unit determines whether the vehicle will make a turn based on the map information stored in the map storage device. 7. The in-vehicle device according to claim 1,
wherein the incident detection processing unit detects the incident based on the vehicle information while the vehicle is engaged in manual driving. 8. The in-vehicle device according to claim 7,
wherein the incident detection processing unit determines whether the vehicle information is violating a predetermined transmission rule, and detects the incident upon determining that the vehicle information is violating the predetermined transmission rule. 9. The in-vehicle device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a function deactivation unit which deactivates an automated driving function of the vehicle; and a warning processing unit which issues a warning to a driver of the vehicle, wherein the incident detection processing unit, upon detecting the incident while the vehicle is engaged in automated driving, instructs the driver to perform a switching operation of switching from automated driving to manual driving by using the warning processing unit, and thereafter causes the function deactivation unit to deactivate the automated driving function. 10. The in-vehicle device according to claim 9,
wherein the vehicle is stopped at a safe place when the switching operation is not performed within a given period of time after the instruction is given to the driver. 11. An incident monitoring method in an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle capable of automated driving, comprising:
a step of acquiring vehicle information representing a control state of the vehicle; and a step of detecting an incident that occurred in the vehicle based on the vehicle information. 12. The in-vehicle device according to claim 5,
wherein the vehicle is equipped with a map storage device storing map information, and wherein the incident detection processing unit determines whether the vehicle will make a turn based on the map information stored in the map storage device. | 2,100 |
345,577 | 16,643,524 | 3,763 | The present invitation provides a rotatable storage rack, including a drawer, a storage rack body for slidingly receiving the drawer, and a sliding assembly disposed between the drawer and the storage rack body; wherein the sliding assembly includes a curved slide rail and a first pulley moving along the curved slide rail, the curved slide rail includes a horizontal section and a bent section, and the bent section is tangent to the horizontal section and arranged at an angle; when the first pulley moves along the horizontal section, the drawer is pulled out when the first pulley moves along the bent section, the drawer rotates downward. | 1. A rotatable storage rack, comprising a drawer, a storage rack body for slidingly receiving the drawer, and a sliding assembly disposed between the drawer and the storage rack body; wherein the sliding assembly comprises a curved slide rail and a first pulley moving along the curved slide rail, the curved slide rail comprises a horizontal section and a bent section, and the bent section is tangent to the horizontal section and arranged at an angle; when the first pulley moves along the horizontal section, the drawer is pulled out; when the first pulley moves along the bent section, the drawer rotates downward. 2. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 1, wherein the curved slide rail is disposed near a top of the drawer, the sliding assembly further comprises a second slide rail disposed away from the top of the drawer and a second pulley moving along the second slide rail, the second slide rail extends from a start point to an end point in a horizontal direction, and the bent section is configured as a circular arc with the end point of the second slide rail as a center of a circle and with a vertical distance from the horizontal section to the second slide rail as a radius. 3. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 1, wherein comprising a latch structure comprising a male portion and a female portion, the male portion is provided on one of the drawer and the storage rack body, the female portion is disposed on the other of the drawer and the storage rack body, and the male portion and the female portion cooperate with each other unlockably. 4. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 1, wherein the sliding assembly comprises a support plate connected to the storage rack body, the curved slide rail is provided on one of the drawer and the support plate, and the first pulley is disposed on the other of the drawer and the support plate. 5. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 4, wherein the sliding assembly further comprises a sub-sliding mechanism, and the support plate is slidably connected to the storage rack body through the sub-sliding mechanism to increase a distance that the drawer may be drawn out. 6. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 5, wherein the sub-sliding mechanism comprises a third pulley provided on one of the support plate and the storage rack body, and a third slide rail disposed on the other of the support plate and the storage rack body, and the third pulley is received in the third slide rail and movable along the third slide rail. 7. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 5, wherein the sub-sliding mechanism further comprises a limiting member, the limiting member is provided on the support plate, the storage rack body is provided with a stop surface cooperating with the limiting member, and the limiting member cooperates with the stop surface to limit further displacement of the support plate relative to the storage rack body. 8. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 7, wherein the limiting member is an elastic piece extending in a horizontal direction, the horizontal direction is opposite to a direction in which the support plate is drawn out relative to the storage rack body, a free end of the elastic piece is provided with an inverted snap, the inverted snap has a limiting surface perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the limiting surface abuts against the stop surface when the support plate moves to a limiting position relative to the storage rack body. 9. A refrigerator door, wherein comprising the rotatable storage rack according to claim 1. 10. A refrigerator, wherein comprising the rotatable storage rack according to claim 1. | The present invitation provides a rotatable storage rack, including a drawer, a storage rack body for slidingly receiving the drawer, and a sliding assembly disposed between the drawer and the storage rack body; wherein the sliding assembly includes a curved slide rail and a first pulley moving along the curved slide rail, the curved slide rail includes a horizontal section and a bent section, and the bent section is tangent to the horizontal section and arranged at an angle; when the first pulley moves along the horizontal section, the drawer is pulled out when the first pulley moves along the bent section, the drawer rotates downward.1. A rotatable storage rack, comprising a drawer, a storage rack body for slidingly receiving the drawer, and a sliding assembly disposed between the drawer and the storage rack body; wherein the sliding assembly comprises a curved slide rail and a first pulley moving along the curved slide rail, the curved slide rail comprises a horizontal section and a bent section, and the bent section is tangent to the horizontal section and arranged at an angle; when the first pulley moves along the horizontal section, the drawer is pulled out; when the first pulley moves along the bent section, the drawer rotates downward. 2. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 1, wherein the curved slide rail is disposed near a top of the drawer, the sliding assembly further comprises a second slide rail disposed away from the top of the drawer and a second pulley moving along the second slide rail, the second slide rail extends from a start point to an end point in a horizontal direction, and the bent section is configured as a circular arc with the end point of the second slide rail as a center of a circle and with a vertical distance from the horizontal section to the second slide rail as a radius. 3. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 1, wherein comprising a latch structure comprising a male portion and a female portion, the male portion is provided on one of the drawer and the storage rack body, the female portion is disposed on the other of the drawer and the storage rack body, and the male portion and the female portion cooperate with each other unlockably. 4. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 1, wherein the sliding assembly comprises a support plate connected to the storage rack body, the curved slide rail is provided on one of the drawer and the support plate, and the first pulley is disposed on the other of the drawer and the support plate. 5. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 4, wherein the sliding assembly further comprises a sub-sliding mechanism, and the support plate is slidably connected to the storage rack body through the sub-sliding mechanism to increase a distance that the drawer may be drawn out. 6. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 5, wherein the sub-sliding mechanism comprises a third pulley provided on one of the support plate and the storage rack body, and a third slide rail disposed on the other of the support plate and the storage rack body, and the third pulley is received in the third slide rail and movable along the third slide rail. 7. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 5, wherein the sub-sliding mechanism further comprises a limiting member, the limiting member is provided on the support plate, the storage rack body is provided with a stop surface cooperating with the limiting member, and the limiting member cooperates with the stop surface to limit further displacement of the support plate relative to the storage rack body. 8. The rotatable storage rack according to claim 7, wherein the limiting member is an elastic piece extending in a horizontal direction, the horizontal direction is opposite to a direction in which the support plate is drawn out relative to the storage rack body, a free end of the elastic piece is provided with an inverted snap, the inverted snap has a limiting surface perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the limiting surface abuts against the stop surface when the support plate moves to a limiting position relative to the storage rack body. 9. A refrigerator door, wherein comprising the rotatable storage rack according to claim 1. 10. A refrigerator, wherein comprising the rotatable storage rack according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
345,578 | 16,643,490 | 3,763 | A vaporization device includes a wick with improved aerosol production properties relative to a traditional wick, for example one formed of silica fiberglass cord. According to some aspects, the wick is formed of discontinuous fibers that are not packed together and that have varying orientations, creating a plurality of voids, or spaces, between the various fibers and along the length of the wick. This design of voids along the length of the wick allows for rapid wick saturation and air exchange. Because of this, a user can take successive long puffs without noticing much difference in vapor production, as the liquid quickly (e.g., within seconds) replenishes in the wick. | 1. A cartridge for a vaporization device, the cartridge comprising:
a mouthpiece; a tank configured to hold a vaporizable material; a wick configured to draw the vaporizable material from the tank to a vaporization region, the wick having a length and having one more voids along the length; and a heating element disposed near the vaporization region and configured to heat the vaporizable material drawn from the tank by the wick. 2. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the heating element at least partially encircles at least a portion of the wick. 3. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprising an air inlet passage. 4. The cartridge of claim 3, wherein the air inlet passage is configured to direct a flow of air over the wick such that when the heating element is activated, the vaporizable material drawn by the wick into the vaporization region is evaporated into the flow of air. 5. The cartridge of claim 4, wherein the wick and the heating element are configured to cause aerosolization of the vaporizable material. 6. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the wick comprises a glass wick. 7. The cartridge of claim 6, wherein the glass wick is characterized by a TEX value of between 400 and 1000. 8. The cartridge of claim 6, wherein the glass wick is characterized by a TEX value of 660. 9. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the wick comprises a plurality of discontinuous glass filaments. 10. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the wick comprises a heat-vaporizable coating. 11. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the heating element is disposed between a pair of plates. 12. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece is disposed at a first end of a body of the cartridge and the heating element is disposed at a second end of the body, opposite the first end. 13. A vaporization device comprising:
a tank configured to hold a vaporizable material; a wick configured to draw the vaporizable material from the tank to a vaporization region, the wick having a length and being formed of one or more fibers; and a heating element disposed near the vaporization region, the heating element configured to generate heat, a portion of the heat being transferred to the vaporizable material to aerosolize the vaporizable material. 14. The vaporization device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the wick includes an inner wick material and an outer jacket that at least partially surrounds the inner wick material. 15. A method comprising:
drawing, through a wick, a vaporizable material from a tank of a vaporization device to a vaporization region, the wick having a plurality of voids along its length; heating the vaporization region with a heating element disposed near the vaporization region to cause vaporization of the vaporizable material; and causing the vaporized vaporizable material to be entrained in a flow of air to a mouthpiece of the vaporization device. | A vaporization device includes a wick with improved aerosol production properties relative to a traditional wick, for example one formed of silica fiberglass cord. According to some aspects, the wick is formed of discontinuous fibers that are not packed together and that have varying orientations, creating a plurality of voids, or spaces, between the various fibers and along the length of the wick. This design of voids along the length of the wick allows for rapid wick saturation and air exchange. Because of this, a user can take successive long puffs without noticing much difference in vapor production, as the liquid quickly (e.g., within seconds) replenishes in the wick.1. A cartridge for a vaporization device, the cartridge comprising:
a mouthpiece; a tank configured to hold a vaporizable material; a wick configured to draw the vaporizable material from the tank to a vaporization region, the wick having a length and having one more voids along the length; and a heating element disposed near the vaporization region and configured to heat the vaporizable material drawn from the tank by the wick. 2. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the heating element at least partially encircles at least a portion of the wick. 3. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprising an air inlet passage. 4. The cartridge of claim 3, wherein the air inlet passage is configured to direct a flow of air over the wick such that when the heating element is activated, the vaporizable material drawn by the wick into the vaporization region is evaporated into the flow of air. 5. The cartridge of claim 4, wherein the wick and the heating element are configured to cause aerosolization of the vaporizable material. 6. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the wick comprises a glass wick. 7. The cartridge of claim 6, wherein the glass wick is characterized by a TEX value of between 400 and 1000. 8. The cartridge of claim 6, wherein the glass wick is characterized by a TEX value of 660. 9. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the wick comprises a plurality of discontinuous glass filaments. 10. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the wick comprises a heat-vaporizable coating. 11. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the heating element is disposed between a pair of plates. 12. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece is disposed at a first end of a body of the cartridge and the heating element is disposed at a second end of the body, opposite the first end. 13. A vaporization device comprising:
a tank configured to hold a vaporizable material; a wick configured to draw the vaporizable material from the tank to a vaporization region, the wick having a length and being formed of one or more fibers; and a heating element disposed near the vaporization region, the heating element configured to generate heat, a portion of the heat being transferred to the vaporizable material to aerosolize the vaporizable material. 14. The vaporization device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the wick includes an inner wick material and an outer jacket that at least partially surrounds the inner wick material. 15. A method comprising:
drawing, through a wick, a vaporizable material from a tank of a vaporization device to a vaporization region, the wick having a plurality of voids along its length; heating the vaporization region with a heating element disposed near the vaporization region to cause vaporization of the vaporizable material; and causing the vaporized vaporizable material to be entrained in a flow of air to a mouthpiece of the vaporization device. | 3,700 |
345,579 | 16,643,501 | 3,763 | An electronic device includes a controller. The controller performs a speech word analysis based on the voice of a user after performing a first voice output request. The controller estimates a comprehension level of the user, based on information linked to a word stored in the memory and a result of the speech word analysis, and then performs a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. When the mobile terminal configured to output the first voice and the second voice is mounted on a charging stand, the controller may perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a controller configured to: perform a first voice output request perform a speech word analysis based on a voice of a user after performing the first voice output request; estimate a comprehension level of the user based on information linked to a word stored in a memory and a result of the speech word analysis; and perform a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to estimate the comprehension level based on a number of instances that the word is mentioned according to the result of the speech word analysis. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request, when a mobile terminal, configured to output the first voice output request and the second voice output request is mounted on a charging stand. 4. A charging stand comprising:
a controller configured to:
perform a first voice output request
perform a speech word analysis based on a voice of a user after performing the first voice output request;
estimate a comprehension level of the user based on information linked to a word stored in a memory and a result of the speech word analysis; and
perform a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. 5. The charging stand according to claim 4,
wherein the controller is configured to estimate the comprehension level based on a number of instances that the word is mentioned according to the result of the speech word analysis. 6. The charging stand according to claim 4,
wherein the controller is configured to perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request, when a mobile terminal, configured to output the first voice output request and the second voice output request is mounted on the charging stand. 7. (canceled) 8. A method used by an electronic device comprising:
performing a first voice output request; performing a speech word analysis based on a voice of a user after performing the first voice output request; estimating a comprehension level of the user based on information linked to a word stored in a memory and a result of the speech word analysis; and performing a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. 9. (canceled) 10. The electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the controller is configured to perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request, when a mobile terminal, configured to output the first voice output request and the second voice output request is mounted on a charging stand. 11. The charging stand according to claim 5,
wherein the controller is configured to perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request, when a mobile terminal, configured to output the first voice output request and the second voice output request is mounted on the charging stand. | An electronic device includes a controller. The controller performs a speech word analysis based on the voice of a user after performing a first voice output request. The controller estimates a comprehension level of the user, based on information linked to a word stored in the memory and a result of the speech word analysis, and then performs a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. When the mobile terminal configured to output the first voice and the second voice is mounted on a charging stand, the controller may perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request.1. An electronic device comprising:
a controller configured to: perform a first voice output request perform a speech word analysis based on a voice of a user after performing the first voice output request; estimate a comprehension level of the user based on information linked to a word stored in a memory and a result of the speech word analysis; and perform a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to estimate the comprehension level based on a number of instances that the word is mentioned according to the result of the speech word analysis. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request, when a mobile terminal, configured to output the first voice output request and the second voice output request is mounted on a charging stand. 4. A charging stand comprising:
a controller configured to:
perform a first voice output request
perform a speech word analysis based on a voice of a user after performing the first voice output request;
estimate a comprehension level of the user based on information linked to a word stored in a memory and a result of the speech word analysis; and
perform a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. 5. The charging stand according to claim 4,
wherein the controller is configured to estimate the comprehension level based on a number of instances that the word is mentioned according to the result of the speech word analysis. 6. The charging stand according to claim 4,
wherein the controller is configured to perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request, when a mobile terminal, configured to output the first voice output request and the second voice output request is mounted on the charging stand. 7. (canceled) 8. A method used by an electronic device comprising:
performing a first voice output request; performing a speech word analysis based on a voice of a user after performing the first voice output request; estimating a comprehension level of the user based on information linked to a word stored in a memory and a result of the speech word analysis; and performing a second voice output request in accordance with the comprehension level of the user. 9. (canceled) 10. The electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the controller is configured to perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request, when a mobile terminal, configured to output the first voice output request and the second voice output request is mounted on a charging stand. 11. The charging stand according to claim 5,
wherein the controller is configured to perform the speech word analysis, estimate the comprehension level, and perform the second voice output request, when a mobile terminal, configured to output the first voice output request and the second voice output request is mounted on the charging stand. | 3,700 |
345,580 | 16,643,507 | 3,763 | A method at a first node for facilitating a PDU session procedure for a UE in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and a second node supporting the interworking is selected for managing the PDU session, the method comprising: determining an indication which indicates whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network; and sending the indication to the second node. According to various aspects and embodiments of the method, allocation of resources can be improved and the deployment can be simplified. | 1. A method at a first node for facilitating a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session procedure for a User Equipment (UE) in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and a second node supporting the interworking is selected for managing the PDU session, the method comprising:
determining an indication which indicates whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network; and sending the indication to the second node. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network comprises whether the PDU session can be moved to the second network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining is based on network configuration. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining is further based on UE's capability, a subscription data of the UE, or both the UE's capability and the subscription data of the UE. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the UE's capability comprises Core Network Capability information of the UE, and the subscription data of the UE comprises core network type restriction to the second communication network. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a value of UE's capability comprises S1 mode supported or N1 mode supported. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein a value of the subscription data of the UE comprises EPC or SGC, or the value does not exist. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDU session procedure is a PDU session establishment. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to allocate resources for the PDU session in the second network from the second node. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
sending a response to reject the request to allocate resources for the PDU session in the second network to the second node, when the indication indicates the PDU session not supporting interworking with the second network. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the first communication network is a 5th Generation System (5GS) network, the second communication network is an Evolved Packet System (EPS) network, the first node is an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and the second node is a Packet Data Network Gateway Control plane Function+Session Management Function (PGW-C+SMF). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the resources comprise EPS bearer identity. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein when the PDU session supports interworking with the second network, the indication further indicates whether a N26 interface between the 5GS network and the EPS network is to be used for the interworking of the PDU session. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising sending a response to reject a request to allocate an identity of a bearer in the EPS network for the PDU session from the PGW-C+SMF, when the N26 interface is not to be used for the interworking of the PDU session. 15. A first node for facilitating a PDU session procedure for a UE in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and a second node supporting the interworking is selected for managing the PDU session, the first node comprising:
a processor; and a memory, having stored instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the first node to:
determine an indication which indicates whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network; and
send the indication to the second node. 16-17. (canceled) 18. A method at a second node for facilitating a PDU session procedure for a UE in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and the second node is supporting the interworking and is selected for managing the PDU session, the method comprising:
receiving an indication indicating whether the PDU session supports interworking with second network from a first node; and determining whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network according to the indication. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network comprises whether the PDU session can be moved to the second network. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the PDU session procedure is a PDU session establishment. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
sending a request to allocate resources for the PDU session in the second network to the first node. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving a response to reject the request to allocate resources for the PDU session in the second network from the first node, when the indication indicates the PDU session not supporting interworking with the second network. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
skipping preparation for allocating resources for the PDU session in the second network, when determining that the PDU session does not support interworking with the second network. 24. The method of claim 21, the first communication network is a 5th Generation System (5GS) network, the second communication network is an Evolved Packet System (EPS) network, the first node is an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and the second node is a Packet Data Network Gateway Control plane Function+Session Management Function (PGW-C+SMF). 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the resources comprise EPS bearer identity. 26. (canceled) 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
sending a request to allocate an identity of a bearer in the EPS network for the PDU session to the AMF, when the indication indicates a N26 interface between the 5GS network and the EPS network is to be used for the interworking of the PDU session. 28. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
storing information of the PDU session in a third node, when the indication indicates a N26 interface between the 5GS network and the EPS network is not to be used for the interworking of the PDU session. 29. A second node for facilitating a PDU session procedure for a UE in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and the second node is supporting the interworking and is selected for managing the PDU session, the second node comprising:
a processor; and a memory, having stored instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the second node to:
receive an indication indicating whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network from a first node; and
determine whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network according to the indication. 30-31. (canceled) | A method at a first node for facilitating a PDU session procedure for a UE in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and a second node supporting the interworking is selected for managing the PDU session, the method comprising: determining an indication which indicates whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network; and sending the indication to the second node. According to various aspects and embodiments of the method, allocation of resources can be improved and the deployment can be simplified.1. A method at a first node for facilitating a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session procedure for a User Equipment (UE) in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and a second node supporting the interworking is selected for managing the PDU session, the method comprising:
determining an indication which indicates whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network; and sending the indication to the second node. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network comprises whether the PDU session can be moved to the second network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining is based on network configuration. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining is further based on UE's capability, a subscription data of the UE, or both the UE's capability and the subscription data of the UE. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the UE's capability comprises Core Network Capability information of the UE, and the subscription data of the UE comprises core network type restriction to the second communication network. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a value of UE's capability comprises S1 mode supported or N1 mode supported. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein a value of the subscription data of the UE comprises EPC or SGC, or the value does not exist. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the PDU session procedure is a PDU session establishment. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to allocate resources for the PDU session in the second network from the second node. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
sending a response to reject the request to allocate resources for the PDU session in the second network to the second node, when the indication indicates the PDU session not supporting interworking with the second network. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the first communication network is a 5th Generation System (5GS) network, the second communication network is an Evolved Packet System (EPS) network, the first node is an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and the second node is a Packet Data Network Gateway Control plane Function+Session Management Function (PGW-C+SMF). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the resources comprise EPS bearer identity. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein when the PDU session supports interworking with the second network, the indication further indicates whether a N26 interface between the 5GS network and the EPS network is to be used for the interworking of the PDU session. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising sending a response to reject a request to allocate an identity of a bearer in the EPS network for the PDU session from the PGW-C+SMF, when the N26 interface is not to be used for the interworking of the PDU session. 15. A first node for facilitating a PDU session procedure for a UE in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and a second node supporting the interworking is selected for managing the PDU session, the first node comprising:
a processor; and a memory, having stored instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the first node to:
determine an indication which indicates whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network; and
send the indication to the second node. 16-17. (canceled) 18. A method at a second node for facilitating a PDU session procedure for a UE in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and the second node is supporting the interworking and is selected for managing the PDU session, the method comprising:
receiving an indication indicating whether the PDU session supports interworking with second network from a first node; and determining whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network according to the indication. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network comprises whether the PDU session can be moved to the second network. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the PDU session procedure is a PDU session establishment. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
sending a request to allocate resources for the PDU session in the second network to the first node. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving a response to reject the request to allocate resources for the PDU session in the second network from the first node, when the indication indicates the PDU session not supporting interworking with the second network. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
skipping preparation for allocating resources for the PDU session in the second network, when determining that the PDU session does not support interworking with the second network. 24. The method of claim 21, the first communication network is a 5th Generation System (5GS) network, the second communication network is an Evolved Packet System (EPS) network, the first node is an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and the second node is a Packet Data Network Gateway Control plane Function+Session Management Function (PGW-C+SMF). 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the resources comprise EPS bearer identity. 26. (canceled) 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
sending a request to allocate an identity of a bearer in the EPS network for the PDU session to the AMF, when the indication indicates a N26 interface between the 5GS network and the EPS network is to be used for the interworking of the PDU session. 28. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
storing information of the PDU session in a third node, when the indication indicates a N26 interface between the 5GS network and the EPS network is not to be used for the interworking of the PDU session. 29. A second node for facilitating a PDU session procedure for a UE in a first communication network, wherein the first communication network is interworking with a second communication network, and the second node is supporting the interworking and is selected for managing the PDU session, the second node comprising:
a processor; and a memory, having stored instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the second node to:
receive an indication indicating whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network from a first node; and
determine whether the PDU session supports interworking with the second network according to the indication. 30-31. (canceled) | 3,700 |
345,581 | 16,643,520 | 3,763 | The present invention discloses a recessed refrigerator supported on a supporting surface, the refrigerator including a cabinet, a door movably disposed at a front side of the cabinet, a compressor compartment formed in a rear lower portion of the refrigerator and a compressor and a heat dissipating fan located in the compressor compartment, the cabinet including a bottom plate, the bottom plate being disposed apart from the supporting surface, and the bottom plate including a compressor compartment bottom plate located below the compressor compartment, the compressor compartment bottom plate being formed with a main air inlet and a main air outlet communicating the external with the compressor compartment, air from the external, driven by the heat dissipating fan, entering the compressor compartment through the main air inlet and then flowing to the external through the main air outlet. | 1. A recessed refrigerator, supported on a supporting surface, comprising a cabinet, a door movably disposed at a front side of the cabinet, a compressor compartment formed in a rear lower portion of the refrigerator and a compressor and a heat dissipating fan located in the compressor compartment, wherein the cabinet comprising a bottom plate, the bottom plate being disposed apart from the supporting surface, and the bottom plate comprising a compressor compartment bottom plate located below the compressor compartment, the compressor compartment bottom plate being formed with a main air inlet and a main air outlet communicating the external with the compressor compartment, air from the external, driven by the heat dissipating fan, entering the compressor compartment through the main air inlet and then flowing to the external through the main air outlet. 2. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein further comprising a partition plate extending downward from the bottom plate and located between the main air inlet and the main air outlet. 3. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 2, wherein when the refrigerator is supported on the supporting surface, the partition plate abuts against the supporting surface. 4. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 2, wherein the partition plate extends in a front-rear direction, the compressor compartment bottom plate comprises a left end portion on a left side of the partition plate and a right end portion on a right side of the partition plate, the main air inlet is formed on one of the left end portion and the right end portion, and the main air outlet is formed on the other of the left end portion and the right end portion. 5. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein a front end of the partition plate is flush with a front end of the bottom plate. 6. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein further comprises a wind baffle extending downward out of the bottom plate, and the wind baffle is connected to the partition plate and located behind the main air outlet. 7. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 6, wherein when the refrigerator is supported on the supporting surface, the wind baffle abuts against the supporting surface. 8. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 6, wherein when the main air outlet is formed on the left end portion, the wind baffle extends from the partition plate in a left-right direction to below a left side plate of the cabinet; when the main air outlet is formed on the right end portion, the wind baffle extends from the partition plate in the left-right direction to below a right side plate of the cabinet. 9. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the main air outlet is at least partially located below the compressor. 10. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the cabinet further comprises a left side plate at a left end of the compressor compartment, a right side plate at a right end of the compressor compartment, and two secondary air ports, the two secondary air ports are formed on the left side plate and the right side plate respectively and communicate the external with the compressor compartment, one of the secondary air ports allows external air to enter the compressor compartment, and the other of the secondary air ports allows air to flow from the compressor compartment to the external. | The present invention discloses a recessed refrigerator supported on a supporting surface, the refrigerator including a cabinet, a door movably disposed at a front side of the cabinet, a compressor compartment formed in a rear lower portion of the refrigerator and a compressor and a heat dissipating fan located in the compressor compartment, the cabinet including a bottom plate, the bottom plate being disposed apart from the supporting surface, and the bottom plate including a compressor compartment bottom plate located below the compressor compartment, the compressor compartment bottom plate being formed with a main air inlet and a main air outlet communicating the external with the compressor compartment, air from the external, driven by the heat dissipating fan, entering the compressor compartment through the main air inlet and then flowing to the external through the main air outlet.1. A recessed refrigerator, supported on a supporting surface, comprising a cabinet, a door movably disposed at a front side of the cabinet, a compressor compartment formed in a rear lower portion of the refrigerator and a compressor and a heat dissipating fan located in the compressor compartment, wherein the cabinet comprising a bottom plate, the bottom plate being disposed apart from the supporting surface, and the bottom plate comprising a compressor compartment bottom plate located below the compressor compartment, the compressor compartment bottom plate being formed with a main air inlet and a main air outlet communicating the external with the compressor compartment, air from the external, driven by the heat dissipating fan, entering the compressor compartment through the main air inlet and then flowing to the external through the main air outlet. 2. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein further comprising a partition plate extending downward from the bottom plate and located between the main air inlet and the main air outlet. 3. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 2, wherein when the refrigerator is supported on the supporting surface, the partition plate abuts against the supporting surface. 4. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 2, wherein the partition plate extends in a front-rear direction, the compressor compartment bottom plate comprises a left end portion on a left side of the partition plate and a right end portion on a right side of the partition plate, the main air inlet is formed on one of the left end portion and the right end portion, and the main air outlet is formed on the other of the left end portion and the right end portion. 5. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein a front end of the partition plate is flush with a front end of the bottom plate. 6. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein further comprises a wind baffle extending downward out of the bottom plate, and the wind baffle is connected to the partition plate and located behind the main air outlet. 7. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 6, wherein when the refrigerator is supported on the supporting surface, the wind baffle abuts against the supporting surface. 8. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 6, wherein when the main air outlet is formed on the left end portion, the wind baffle extends from the partition plate in a left-right direction to below a left side plate of the cabinet; when the main air outlet is formed on the right end portion, the wind baffle extends from the partition plate in the left-right direction to below a right side plate of the cabinet. 9. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the main air outlet is at least partially located below the compressor. 10. The recessed refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the cabinet further comprises a left side plate at a left end of the compressor compartment, a right side plate at a right end of the compressor compartment, and two secondary air ports, the two secondary air ports are formed on the left side plate and the right side plate respectively and communicate the external with the compressor compartment, one of the secondary air ports allows external air to enter the compressor compartment, and the other of the secondary air ports allows air to flow from the compressor compartment to the external. | 3,700 |
345,582 | 16,643,511 | 3,763 | A system and method may be provided to receive sample RNA reads from patients and generate lists of genes and their associated RNA expression levels in each patient. Some of the RNA reads may be matched to an RNA transcript or gene or gene family in terms of their match likelihood and other RNA reads may be matched to an RNA transcript or gene or gene family through the use of one or more machine learning classifiers. A machine learning classifier may be trained based on the plurality of the lists and a plurality of corresponding patients' clinical status data to identify gene patterns that recur with a high degree of frequency in the plurality of the lists. Those gene patterns can be capable of modifying a disease or treatment response and can be targeted for drug/treatment development. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; indexing the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts to determine for a first plurality of RNA reads a corresponding RNA transcript; determining for each of a second plurality of the RNA reads that there is no corresponding RNA transcript in the dictionary of RNA transcripts; inputting each of the second plurality of the RNA reads into a plurality of machine learning classifiers, each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers outputting a prediction of whether the RNA read is a member of a gene family, each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers trained to output their prediction for a different gene family, and assigning one or more of the second plurality of the RNA reads to a highest probability gene family based on the outputs of the plurality of machine learning classifiers; assembling one or more RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads based on one or more of the second plurality of RNA reads mapping to the same gene family and having an overlapping sequence of nucleotides; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels based on the corresponding RNA transcripts of the first plurality of RNA reads and the assembled RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads; creating a training set including the set of RNA transcript expression levels, an indication of whether the patient has a VITR, and data from other patients; training a response prediction machine learning classifier, based on the training set, to predict the existence of the VITR based on an input set of RNA transcript expression levels; using one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
compressing the list of sequenced RNA reads by removing one or more computer-generated labels and converting the list of sequenced RNA reads from a text format to a binary format; decompressing the list of sequenced RNA reads from the binary format to the text format. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the indexing of the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts is performed using hashing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the list of sequenced RNA reads is generated by next generation sequencing. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the RNA reads is 100 to 250 nucleotides in length. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the response prediction machine learning classifier comprises a random forest of random forest trees, wherein each of the random forest trees include one or more split points; and
wherein the one or more parameters of the disease prediction machine learning classifier identifying at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the disease comprises a split point of one of the random forest trees. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the response prediction machine learning classifier comprises a random forest and the random forest is generated by a method comprising:
drawing a sample of training examples from the training set; generating a random forest tree by creating a tree start node and for each terminal node of the random forest tree selecting a subset of features of interest, where each feature of interest is an RNA transcript or gene family, selecting a split point among the subset of features of interest where the split point corresponds to a quantity of the RNA transcript or gene family feature of interest, creating at least two daughter nodes of the terminal node, and repeating the process of splitting terminal nodes until a stopping condition is reached; and wherein the one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier identifying at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR comprises a split point of one of the random forest trees. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; indexing the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts to determine for each of a first plurality of RNA reads a corresponding RNA transcript; determining for each of a second plurality of the RNA reads that there is no corresponding RNA transcript in the dictionary of RNA transcripts; inputting each of the second plurality of the RNA reads into a plurality of machine learning classifiers, each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers outputting a prediction of whether the RNA read is a member of a gene family, and each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers trained to output their prediction for a different gene family; wherein each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers comprises a neural network having a convolutional neural network layer that accepts as input an encoding of an RNA read and outputs a first representation of the RNA read, a recurrent neural network layer that accepts as input the first representation of the RNA read and outputs a second representation of the RNA read, a feed forward neural network that accepts as input the second representation of the RNA read and outputs a third representation of the RNA read, and a classification neural network layer that accepts as input the third representation of the RNA read and outputs a value at one or more classification neural network layer nodes indicative of the probability that the input RNA read corresponds to an output gene family; assigning one or more of the second plurality of the RNA reads to a highest probability gene family based on the outputs of the plurality of machine learning classifiers; assembling one or more RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads based on one or more of the second plurality of RNA reads mapping to the same gene family and having an overlapping sequence of nucleotides; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels based on the corresponding RNA transcripts of the first plurality of RNA reads and the assembled RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads; creating a training set including the set of RNA transcript expression levels, an indication of whether the patient has a VITR, and data from other patients; generating a set of random forest trees, based on the training set, to predict the existence of the VITR based on an input set of RNA transcript expression levels by, for each of a plurality of iterations:
drawing a sample of training examples from the training set;
generating a random forest tree by creating a tree start node and for each terminal node of the random forest tree selecting a subset of features of interest, where each feature of interest is an RNA transcript or gene family, selecting a split point among the subset of features of interest, where the split point corresponds to a quantity of the RNA transcript or gene family feature of interest, creating at least two daughter nodes of the terminal node, and repeating the process of splitting terminal nodes until a stopping condition is reached;
using one or more split points in the generated random forest trees to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
combining the generated random forest trees into an ensemble classifier. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
selecting a random forest tree of the set of random forest trees; providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of an undiagnosed patient; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels from the RNA reads of the undiagnosed patient; inputting the set of RNA transcript expression levels of the undiagnosed patient into the selected random forest tree to diagnose whether the undiagnosed patient has the VITR. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
selecting a random forest tree of the set of random forest trees; providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of an undiagnosed patient; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels from the RNA reads of the undiagnosed patient; inputting the set of RNA transcript expression levels of the undiagnosed patient into the selected random forest tree to determine whether the undiagnosed patient would benefit from a treatment that reduces or enhances the activity of the RNA transcript of interest or the gene of interest of the VITR. 12. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; indexing the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts to determine for a first plurality of RNA reads a corresponding RNA transcript; matching a second plurality of the RNA reads to a gene family by inputting each of the second plurality of the RNA reads into one or more machine learning classifiers and receiving a gene family prediction from each of the one or more machine learning classifiers; assembling one or more RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads based on one or more of the second plurality of RNA reads mapping to the same gene family and having an overlapping sequence of nucleotides creating a training set including the set of RNA transcript expression levels, an indication of whether the patient has a VITR, and data from other patients; training a response prediction machine learning classifier, based on the training set, to predict the existence of the VITR; using one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
compressing the list of sequenced RNA reads by removing one or more computer-generated labels and converting the list of sequenced RNA reads from a text format to a binary format; decompressing the list of sequenced RNA reads from the binary format to the text format. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the indexing of the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts is performed using hashing. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the list of sequenced RNA reads is generated by next generation sequencing. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the RNA reads is 100 to 250 nucleotides in length. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the response prediction machine learning classifier comprises a random forest of random forest trees, wherein each of the random forest trees include one or more split points; and
wherein the one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier identifying at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the disease comprises a split point of one of the random forest trees. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the response prediction machine learning classifier comprises a random forest and the random forest is generated by a method comprising:
drawing a sample of training examples from the training set; generating a random forest tree by creating a tree start node and for each terminal node of the random forest tree selecting a subset of features of interest, where each feature of interest is an RNA transcript or gene family, selecting a split point among the subset of features of interest, where the split point corresponds to a quantity of the RNA transcript or gene family feature of interest, creating at least two daughter nodes of the terminal node, and repeating the process of splitting terminal nodes until a stopping condition is reached; and wherein the one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier identifying at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR comprises a split point of one of the random forest trees. 19. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; indexing the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts to determine for each of a first plurality of RNA reads a corresponding RNA transcript; matching a second plurality of the RNA reads to a gene family by inputting each of the second plurality of the RNA reads into one or more machine learning classifiers and receiving a gene family prediction from each of the one or more machine learning classifiers; assembling one or more RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads based on one or more of the second plurality of RNA reads mapping to the same gene family and having an overlapping sequence of nucleotides. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
creating a training set including the set of RNA expression levels for a plurality of patients and an indication for each of the plurality of patients of whether the patient has a variation in treatment response (VITR); training a response prediction machine learning classifier, based on the training set, to predict the existence of a variation in treatment response (VITR);
using one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 21. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; identifying a first plurality of RNA transcripts from the sequenced RNA reads and the dictionary of RNA transcripts; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels based on the identified first plurality of RNA transcripts; creating a training set including the set of RNA expression levels for a plurality of patients and an indication for each of the plurality of patients of whether the patient has a variation in treatment response (VITR); training a response prediction machine learning classifier, based on the training set, to predict the existence of the VITR; using one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 22. A computer-implemented method comprising:
reading a text file comprising a list of sequenced RNA reads from a patient; matching at least one of the RNA reads to a corresponding RNA transcript in a dictionary of RNA transcripts; matching at least one of the RNA reads to a gene family by inputting the at least one of the RNA reads to a machine learning classifier and receiving a prediction from the machine learning classifier; assembling one or more RNA reads that match the same gene family by identifying matching nucleotide sequences of the RNA reads, wherein the assembling creates a plurality of RNA transcripts; training a response prediction machine learning classifier based on the plurality of RNA transcripts and an indication of whether the patient has a variation in treatment response (VITR) and data of other patients; identifying a parameter of the machine learning classifier that corresponds to an RNA transcript or gene that has an effect on expression of the VITR. 23. A method comprising:
receiving RNA reads from a patient; mapping RNA reads to known transcript expressions; generating a first, second and third plurality of RNA reads, wherein the first plurality of RNA reads comprise RNA reads confidently matched to a known RNA transcript, the second plurality of RNA reads comprise RNA reads matched to two or more known RNA transcripts, and the third plurality of RNA reads comprise unmatched RNA reads; training a plurality of machine learning algorithms, wherein each machine learning algorithm is trained to receive an RNA read and output a gene classification for the RNA read; using the plurality of trained machine learning algorithms, classifying the unmatched RNA reads into a plurality of gene classes; assembling the classified unmatched RNA reads into their originating RNA transcripts; identifying a gene associated with the assembled RNA transcripts; generating RNA expression level likelihoods for the first, second and third plurality of RNA reads; and generating a patient result list comprising:
a first list, comprising genes associated with the first plurality of RNA reads and their corresponding expression level likelihoods;
a second list, comprising genes associated with the second plurality of RNA reads and their corresponding expression level likelihoods; and
a third list, comprising genes associated with the third plurality of RNA reads and their corresponding expression level likelihoods. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein generating RNA expression levels for the second plurality of RNA reads comprises:
constructing a De Bruijn graph with the second plurality of RNA reads; walking the De Bruijn graph for each RNA read in K-mer subsections; comparing the K-mer subsections against a list of reference known RNA transcripts; and using a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) analysis to generate the RNA transcript expression level likelihoods for the second plurality of RNA reads. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein generating RNA expression level likelihoods for the second plurality of RNA reads comprises:
constructing a De Bruijn graph with the second plurality of RNA reads; walking the De Bruijn graph for each RNA read in K-mer subsections; comparing the K-mer subsections against a list of reference known RNA transcripts; and using Bayesian methods to generate the RNA transcript expression level likelihoods for the second plurality of RNA reads. 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
receiving RNA reads from a plurality of patients; receiving clinical status data of each patient, the clinical status data comprising success or failure to respond to treatment; generating a patient result list for each patient; inputting each patient's clinical status data and each patient's patient result list into a machine learning classifier; and identifying gene patterns occurring with a high degree of frequency in patients with failure to respond to treatment. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the machine learning classifier comprises one or more of a random forest or a support vector machine. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein the machine learning algorithms comprise one or more of neural network (NN), convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), deep learning neural network, dense neural network, support vector machine (SVM), latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), and Markov chains. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein assembling the classified unmatched RNA reads comprises one or more of exhaustive assembly, matching overlap sections, and scaffolding. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein assembling the classified unmatched RNA reads in a class comprises generating RNA transcript expression level likelihoods and wherein generating the likelihoods comprises:
generating a De Bruijn graph using the RNA reads in the class; walking the De Bruijn graph for each RNA read in K-mer subsections; resolving ambiguities by using the assigned class obtained from the machine learning algorithms; comparing the K-mer subsections against a list of reference known RNA transcripts; and using maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) or Bayesian methods to generate RNA transcript expression level likelihoods for the RNA reads. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the likelihoods are further generated by choosing nodes in the De Bruijn graph with higher frequency of connections. 32. The method of claim 23, further comprising comparing genes corresponding to the assembled RNA transcripts to known gene types to identify types of genes associated with the assembled RNA transcripts. | A system and method may be provided to receive sample RNA reads from patients and generate lists of genes and their associated RNA expression levels in each patient. Some of the RNA reads may be matched to an RNA transcript or gene or gene family in terms of their match likelihood and other RNA reads may be matched to an RNA transcript or gene or gene family through the use of one or more machine learning classifiers. A machine learning classifier may be trained based on the plurality of the lists and a plurality of corresponding patients' clinical status data to identify gene patterns that recur with a high degree of frequency in the plurality of the lists. Those gene patterns can be capable of modifying a disease or treatment response and can be targeted for drug/treatment development.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; indexing the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts to determine for a first plurality of RNA reads a corresponding RNA transcript; determining for each of a second plurality of the RNA reads that there is no corresponding RNA transcript in the dictionary of RNA transcripts; inputting each of the second plurality of the RNA reads into a plurality of machine learning classifiers, each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers outputting a prediction of whether the RNA read is a member of a gene family, each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers trained to output their prediction for a different gene family, and assigning one or more of the second plurality of the RNA reads to a highest probability gene family based on the outputs of the plurality of machine learning classifiers; assembling one or more RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads based on one or more of the second plurality of RNA reads mapping to the same gene family and having an overlapping sequence of nucleotides; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels based on the corresponding RNA transcripts of the first plurality of RNA reads and the assembled RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads; creating a training set including the set of RNA transcript expression levels, an indication of whether the patient has a VITR, and data from other patients; training a response prediction machine learning classifier, based on the training set, to predict the existence of the VITR based on an input set of RNA transcript expression levels; using one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
compressing the list of sequenced RNA reads by removing one or more computer-generated labels and converting the list of sequenced RNA reads from a text format to a binary format; decompressing the list of sequenced RNA reads from the binary format to the text format. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the indexing of the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts is performed using hashing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the list of sequenced RNA reads is generated by next generation sequencing. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the RNA reads is 100 to 250 nucleotides in length. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the response prediction machine learning classifier comprises a random forest of random forest trees, wherein each of the random forest trees include one or more split points; and
wherein the one or more parameters of the disease prediction machine learning classifier identifying at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the disease comprises a split point of one of the random forest trees. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the response prediction machine learning classifier comprises a random forest and the random forest is generated by a method comprising:
drawing a sample of training examples from the training set; generating a random forest tree by creating a tree start node and for each terminal node of the random forest tree selecting a subset of features of interest, where each feature of interest is an RNA transcript or gene family, selecting a split point among the subset of features of interest where the split point corresponds to a quantity of the RNA transcript or gene family feature of interest, creating at least two daughter nodes of the terminal node, and repeating the process of splitting terminal nodes until a stopping condition is reached; and wherein the one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier identifying at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR comprises a split point of one of the random forest trees. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; indexing the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts to determine for each of a first plurality of RNA reads a corresponding RNA transcript; determining for each of a second plurality of the RNA reads that there is no corresponding RNA transcript in the dictionary of RNA transcripts; inputting each of the second plurality of the RNA reads into a plurality of machine learning classifiers, each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers outputting a prediction of whether the RNA read is a member of a gene family, and each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers trained to output their prediction for a different gene family; wherein each of the plurality of machine learning classifiers comprises a neural network having a convolutional neural network layer that accepts as input an encoding of an RNA read and outputs a first representation of the RNA read, a recurrent neural network layer that accepts as input the first representation of the RNA read and outputs a second representation of the RNA read, a feed forward neural network that accepts as input the second representation of the RNA read and outputs a third representation of the RNA read, and a classification neural network layer that accepts as input the third representation of the RNA read and outputs a value at one or more classification neural network layer nodes indicative of the probability that the input RNA read corresponds to an output gene family; assigning one or more of the second plurality of the RNA reads to a highest probability gene family based on the outputs of the plurality of machine learning classifiers; assembling one or more RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads based on one or more of the second plurality of RNA reads mapping to the same gene family and having an overlapping sequence of nucleotides; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels based on the corresponding RNA transcripts of the first plurality of RNA reads and the assembled RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads; creating a training set including the set of RNA transcript expression levels, an indication of whether the patient has a VITR, and data from other patients; generating a set of random forest trees, based on the training set, to predict the existence of the VITR based on an input set of RNA transcript expression levels by, for each of a plurality of iterations:
drawing a sample of training examples from the training set;
generating a random forest tree by creating a tree start node and for each terminal node of the random forest tree selecting a subset of features of interest, where each feature of interest is an RNA transcript or gene family, selecting a split point among the subset of features of interest, where the split point corresponds to a quantity of the RNA transcript or gene family feature of interest, creating at least two daughter nodes of the terminal node, and repeating the process of splitting terminal nodes until a stopping condition is reached;
using one or more split points in the generated random forest trees to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
combining the generated random forest trees into an ensemble classifier. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
selecting a random forest tree of the set of random forest trees; providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of an undiagnosed patient; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels from the RNA reads of the undiagnosed patient; inputting the set of RNA transcript expression levels of the undiagnosed patient into the selected random forest tree to diagnose whether the undiagnosed patient has the VITR. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
selecting a random forest tree of the set of random forest trees; providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of an undiagnosed patient; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels from the RNA reads of the undiagnosed patient; inputting the set of RNA transcript expression levels of the undiagnosed patient into the selected random forest tree to determine whether the undiagnosed patient would benefit from a treatment that reduces or enhances the activity of the RNA transcript of interest or the gene of interest of the VITR. 12. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; indexing the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts to determine for a first plurality of RNA reads a corresponding RNA transcript; matching a second plurality of the RNA reads to a gene family by inputting each of the second plurality of the RNA reads into one or more machine learning classifiers and receiving a gene family prediction from each of the one or more machine learning classifiers; assembling one or more RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads based on one or more of the second plurality of RNA reads mapping to the same gene family and having an overlapping sequence of nucleotides creating a training set including the set of RNA transcript expression levels, an indication of whether the patient has a VITR, and data from other patients; training a response prediction machine learning classifier, based on the training set, to predict the existence of the VITR; using one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
compressing the list of sequenced RNA reads by removing one or more computer-generated labels and converting the list of sequenced RNA reads from a text format to a binary format; decompressing the list of sequenced RNA reads from the binary format to the text format. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the indexing of the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts is performed using hashing. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the list of sequenced RNA reads is generated by next generation sequencing. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the RNA reads is 100 to 250 nucleotides in length. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the response prediction machine learning classifier comprises a random forest of random forest trees, wherein each of the random forest trees include one or more split points; and
wherein the one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier identifying at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the disease comprises a split point of one of the random forest trees. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the response prediction machine learning classifier comprises a random forest and the random forest is generated by a method comprising:
drawing a sample of training examples from the training set; generating a random forest tree by creating a tree start node and for each terminal node of the random forest tree selecting a subset of features of interest, where each feature of interest is an RNA transcript or gene family, selecting a split point among the subset of features of interest, where the split point corresponds to a quantity of the RNA transcript or gene family feature of interest, creating at least two daughter nodes of the terminal node, and repeating the process of splitting terminal nodes until a stopping condition is reached; and wherein the one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier identifying at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR comprises a split point of one of the random forest trees. 19. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; indexing the list of RNA reads to the dictionary of RNA transcripts to determine for each of a first plurality of RNA reads a corresponding RNA transcript; matching a second plurality of the RNA reads to a gene family by inputting each of the second plurality of the RNA reads into one or more machine learning classifiers and receiving a gene family prediction from each of the one or more machine learning classifiers; assembling one or more RNA transcripts of the second plurality of RNA reads based on one or more of the second plurality of RNA reads mapping to the same gene family and having an overlapping sequence of nucleotides. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
creating a training set including the set of RNA expression levels for a plurality of patients and an indication for each of the plurality of patients of whether the patient has a variation in treatment response (VITR); training a response prediction machine learning classifier, based on the training set, to predict the existence of a variation in treatment response (VITR);
using one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 21. A computer-implemented method comprising:
providing a list of sequenced RNA reads from a sample of a patient; providing a dictionary of RNA transcripts; identifying a first plurality of RNA transcripts from the sequenced RNA reads and the dictionary of RNA transcripts; generating a set of RNA transcript expression levels based on the identified first plurality of RNA transcripts; creating a training set including the set of RNA expression levels for a plurality of patients and an indication for each of the plurality of patients of whether the patient has a variation in treatment response (VITR); training a response prediction machine learning classifier, based on the training set, to predict the existence of the VITR; using one or more parameters of the response prediction machine learning classifier to identify at least one RNA transcript of interest or gene of interest in the VITR. 22. A computer-implemented method comprising:
reading a text file comprising a list of sequenced RNA reads from a patient; matching at least one of the RNA reads to a corresponding RNA transcript in a dictionary of RNA transcripts; matching at least one of the RNA reads to a gene family by inputting the at least one of the RNA reads to a machine learning classifier and receiving a prediction from the machine learning classifier; assembling one or more RNA reads that match the same gene family by identifying matching nucleotide sequences of the RNA reads, wherein the assembling creates a plurality of RNA transcripts; training a response prediction machine learning classifier based on the plurality of RNA transcripts and an indication of whether the patient has a variation in treatment response (VITR) and data of other patients; identifying a parameter of the machine learning classifier that corresponds to an RNA transcript or gene that has an effect on expression of the VITR. 23. A method comprising:
receiving RNA reads from a patient; mapping RNA reads to known transcript expressions; generating a first, second and third plurality of RNA reads, wherein the first plurality of RNA reads comprise RNA reads confidently matched to a known RNA transcript, the second plurality of RNA reads comprise RNA reads matched to two or more known RNA transcripts, and the third plurality of RNA reads comprise unmatched RNA reads; training a plurality of machine learning algorithms, wherein each machine learning algorithm is trained to receive an RNA read and output a gene classification for the RNA read; using the plurality of trained machine learning algorithms, classifying the unmatched RNA reads into a plurality of gene classes; assembling the classified unmatched RNA reads into their originating RNA transcripts; identifying a gene associated with the assembled RNA transcripts; generating RNA expression level likelihoods for the first, second and third plurality of RNA reads; and generating a patient result list comprising:
a first list, comprising genes associated with the first plurality of RNA reads and their corresponding expression level likelihoods;
a second list, comprising genes associated with the second plurality of RNA reads and their corresponding expression level likelihoods; and
a third list, comprising genes associated with the third plurality of RNA reads and their corresponding expression level likelihoods. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein generating RNA expression levels for the second plurality of RNA reads comprises:
constructing a De Bruijn graph with the second plurality of RNA reads; walking the De Bruijn graph for each RNA read in K-mer subsections; comparing the K-mer subsections against a list of reference known RNA transcripts; and using a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) analysis to generate the RNA transcript expression level likelihoods for the second plurality of RNA reads. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein generating RNA expression level likelihoods for the second plurality of RNA reads comprises:
constructing a De Bruijn graph with the second plurality of RNA reads; walking the De Bruijn graph for each RNA read in K-mer subsections; comparing the K-mer subsections against a list of reference known RNA transcripts; and using Bayesian methods to generate the RNA transcript expression level likelihoods for the second plurality of RNA reads. 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
receiving RNA reads from a plurality of patients; receiving clinical status data of each patient, the clinical status data comprising success or failure to respond to treatment; generating a patient result list for each patient; inputting each patient's clinical status data and each patient's patient result list into a machine learning classifier; and identifying gene patterns occurring with a high degree of frequency in patients with failure to respond to treatment. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the machine learning classifier comprises one or more of a random forest or a support vector machine. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein the machine learning algorithms comprise one or more of neural network (NN), convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), deep learning neural network, dense neural network, support vector machine (SVM), latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), and Markov chains. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein assembling the classified unmatched RNA reads comprises one or more of exhaustive assembly, matching overlap sections, and scaffolding. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein assembling the classified unmatched RNA reads in a class comprises generating RNA transcript expression level likelihoods and wherein generating the likelihoods comprises:
generating a De Bruijn graph using the RNA reads in the class; walking the De Bruijn graph for each RNA read in K-mer subsections; resolving ambiguities by using the assigned class obtained from the machine learning algorithms; comparing the K-mer subsections against a list of reference known RNA transcripts; and using maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) or Bayesian methods to generate RNA transcript expression level likelihoods for the RNA reads. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the likelihoods are further generated by choosing nodes in the De Bruijn graph with higher frequency of connections. 32. The method of claim 23, further comprising comparing genes corresponding to the assembled RNA transcripts to known gene types to identify types of genes associated with the assembled RNA transcripts. | 3,700 |
345,583 | 16,643,518 | 3,763 | The disclosure provides a quantum dot composition, a quantum dot luminescent material, a preparation method thereof and a light-emitting device containing the same. The quantum dot composition includes a microemulsion, a polymer precursor dispersing the microemulsion, wherein the microemulsion includes quantum dots, a dissolution medium dissolving the quantum dots, and an emulsifier encapsulating the dissolution medium. | 1. A quantum dot composition, comprising: a microemulsion and a polymer precursor dispersing said microemulsion, wherein said microemulsion comprises quantum dots, a dissolution medium dissolving said quantum dots, and an emulsifier encapsulating said dissolution medium. 2. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein said dissolution medium is a solvent or a reactive monomer. 3. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein said dissolution medium is the solvent, said quantum dots are oil-soluble quantum dots, said solvent is a non-polar organic solvent, said emulsifier is an oil-in-water emulsifier, and said polymer precursor is a water-soluble polymer precursor. 4. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein said dissolution medium is the solvent, said quantum dots are water-soluble quantum dots, said solvent is a polar organic solvent, said emulsifier is a water-in-oil emulsifier, and said polymer precursor is an oil-soluble polymer precursor. 5. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein said dissolution medium is the reactive monomer, said quantum dots are oil-soluble quantum dots, said reactive monomer is an oil-soluble monomer, said microemulsion further comprises an optional first curing agent, said emulsifier is an oil-in-water emulsifier, and said polymer precursor is a water-soluble polymer precursor. 6. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein said dissolution medium is the reactive monomer, said quantum dots are water-soluble quantum dots, said reactive monomer is a water-soluble monomer, said microemulsion further comprises an optional second curing agent, said emulsifier is a water-in-oil emulsifier, and said polymer precursor is an oil-soluble polymer precursor. 7. The quantum dot composition according to claim 3, wherein said water-soluble polymer precursor forms a water-soluble polymer matrix after curing, and said water-soluble polymer matrix is selected from one or more of a water-soluble organosilicone resin, a water-soluble epoxy resin, a water-soluble acrylic resin, and a water-soluble polyurethane resin. 8. The quantum dot composition according to claim 3, wherein said oil-in-water emulsifier has an HLB value ranging from 8 to 18. 9. The quantum dot composition according to claim 4, wherein said oil-soluble polymer precursor forms an oil-soluble polymer matrix after curing, and said oil-soluble polymer matrix is selected from one or more of an oil-soluble organosilicone resin, an oil-soluble epoxy resin, an oil-soluble acrylic resin, and an oil-soluble polyurethane resin. 10. The quantum dot composition according to claim 4, wherein said water-in-oil emulsifier has an HLB value ranging from 3 to 6. 11. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of said quantum dots to said polymer precursor is 1˜20: 100 in said quantum dot composition. 12. The quantum dot composition according to claim 11, wherein the mass ratio of said emulsifier to the sum of said dissolution medium and said quantum dots is 10˜30:100. 13. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein said polymer precursor comprises a prepolymer, a diluting monomer, and an optional third curing agent. 14. (canceled) 15. A quantum dot luminescent material, wherein said quantum dot luminescent material comprises a polymer matrix and a microemulsion dispersed in said polymer matrix, wherein, said microemulsion comprises quantum dots, a dissolution medium dissolving said quantum dots, and an emulsifier encapsulating said dissolution medium. 16. The quantum dot luminescent material according to claim 15, wherein said dissolution medium is selected from the group consisting of a solvent and a reactive monomer. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. A light-emitting device comprising a quantum dot luminescent material, wherein said quantum dot luminescent material is the quantum dot luminescent material according to claim 15. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. The quantum dot composition according to claim 5, wherein said water-soluble polymer precursor forms a water-soluble polymer matrix after curing, and said water-soluble polymer matrix is selected from one or more of a water-soluble organosilicone resin, a water-soluble epoxy resin, a water-soluble acrylic resin, and a water-soluble polyurethane resin. 25. The quantum dot composition according to claim 5, wherein said oil-in-water emulsifier has an HLB value ranging from 8 to 18. 26. The quantum dot composition according to claim 6, wherein said oil-soluble polymer precursor forms an oil-soluble polymer matrix after curing, and said oil-soluble polymer matrix is selected from one or more of an oil-soluble organosilicone resin, an oil-soluble epoxy resin, an oil-soluble acrylic resin, and an oil-soluble polyurethane resin. 27. The quantum dot composition according to claim 6, wherein said water-in-oil emulsifier has an HLB value ranging from 3 to 6. | The disclosure provides a quantum dot composition, a quantum dot luminescent material, a preparation method thereof and a light-emitting device containing the same. The quantum dot composition includes a microemulsion, a polymer precursor dispersing the microemulsion, wherein the microemulsion includes quantum dots, a dissolution medium dissolving the quantum dots, and an emulsifier encapsulating the dissolution medium.1. A quantum dot composition, comprising: a microemulsion and a polymer precursor dispersing said microemulsion, wherein said microemulsion comprises quantum dots, a dissolution medium dissolving said quantum dots, and an emulsifier encapsulating said dissolution medium. 2. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein said dissolution medium is a solvent or a reactive monomer. 3. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein said dissolution medium is the solvent, said quantum dots are oil-soluble quantum dots, said solvent is a non-polar organic solvent, said emulsifier is an oil-in-water emulsifier, and said polymer precursor is a water-soluble polymer precursor. 4. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein said dissolution medium is the solvent, said quantum dots are water-soluble quantum dots, said solvent is a polar organic solvent, said emulsifier is a water-in-oil emulsifier, and said polymer precursor is an oil-soluble polymer precursor. 5. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein said dissolution medium is the reactive monomer, said quantum dots are oil-soluble quantum dots, said reactive monomer is an oil-soluble monomer, said microemulsion further comprises an optional first curing agent, said emulsifier is an oil-in-water emulsifier, and said polymer precursor is a water-soluble polymer precursor. 6. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein said dissolution medium is the reactive monomer, said quantum dots are water-soluble quantum dots, said reactive monomer is a water-soluble monomer, said microemulsion further comprises an optional second curing agent, said emulsifier is a water-in-oil emulsifier, and said polymer precursor is an oil-soluble polymer precursor. 7. The quantum dot composition according to claim 3, wherein said water-soluble polymer precursor forms a water-soluble polymer matrix after curing, and said water-soluble polymer matrix is selected from one or more of a water-soluble organosilicone resin, a water-soluble epoxy resin, a water-soluble acrylic resin, and a water-soluble polyurethane resin. 8. The quantum dot composition according to claim 3, wherein said oil-in-water emulsifier has an HLB value ranging from 8 to 18. 9. The quantum dot composition according to claim 4, wherein said oil-soluble polymer precursor forms an oil-soluble polymer matrix after curing, and said oil-soluble polymer matrix is selected from one or more of an oil-soluble organosilicone resin, an oil-soluble epoxy resin, an oil-soluble acrylic resin, and an oil-soluble polyurethane resin. 10. The quantum dot composition according to claim 4, wherein said water-in-oil emulsifier has an HLB value ranging from 3 to 6. 11. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of said quantum dots to said polymer precursor is 1˜20: 100 in said quantum dot composition. 12. The quantum dot composition according to claim 11, wherein the mass ratio of said emulsifier to the sum of said dissolution medium and said quantum dots is 10˜30:100. 13. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein said polymer precursor comprises a prepolymer, a diluting monomer, and an optional third curing agent. 14. (canceled) 15. A quantum dot luminescent material, wherein said quantum dot luminescent material comprises a polymer matrix and a microemulsion dispersed in said polymer matrix, wherein, said microemulsion comprises quantum dots, a dissolution medium dissolving said quantum dots, and an emulsifier encapsulating said dissolution medium. 16. The quantum dot luminescent material according to claim 15, wherein said dissolution medium is selected from the group consisting of a solvent and a reactive monomer. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. A light-emitting device comprising a quantum dot luminescent material, wherein said quantum dot luminescent material is the quantum dot luminescent material according to claim 15. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. The quantum dot composition according to claim 5, wherein said water-soluble polymer precursor forms a water-soluble polymer matrix after curing, and said water-soluble polymer matrix is selected from one or more of a water-soluble organosilicone resin, a water-soluble epoxy resin, a water-soluble acrylic resin, and a water-soluble polyurethane resin. 25. The quantum dot composition according to claim 5, wherein said oil-in-water emulsifier has an HLB value ranging from 8 to 18. 26. The quantum dot composition according to claim 6, wherein said oil-soluble polymer precursor forms an oil-soluble polymer matrix after curing, and said oil-soluble polymer matrix is selected from one or more of an oil-soluble organosilicone resin, an oil-soluble epoxy resin, an oil-soluble acrylic resin, and an oil-soluble polyurethane resin. 27. The quantum dot composition according to claim 6, wherein said water-in-oil emulsifier has an HLB value ranging from 3 to 6. | 3,700 |
345,584 | 16,643,505 | 3,763 | Systems, devices, and methods are disclosed for an enhanced ultrasound system. A system may include an ultrasound probe. The system may include processing circuitry communicatively coupled to the ultrasound probe. The system may also include an AR device receiving image information from the processing circuitry and displaying one or more ultrasound images from the ultrasound probe in a field of view of an operator. | 1. An ultrasound imaging system, comprising:
an ultrasound probe; processing circuitry communicatively coupled to the ultrasound probe; and an AR device receiving image information from the processing circuitry and displaying one or more ultrasound images from the ultrasound probe in a field of view of an operator. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a tracking mechanism to generate and send position information and orientation information of the ultrasound probe to the AR device, such that the one or more ultrasound images dynamically move as a position of the ultrasound probe changes. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the AR device further receives depth information corresponding to the one or more ultrasound image. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a first input, such that interacting with the first input changes a depth of the one or more ultrasound images displayed in the field of view of the operator. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a second input, such that interacting with the second input freezes one of the one or more ultrasound images. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe further receives supplemental information and displays the supplemental information in the field of view of the operator. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the supplemental information comprises one or more of patient information, treatment information, medication information, and a reference ultrasound image. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein a given ultrasound image comprises:
depth information for the given ultrasound image; and position information for the given ultrasound image, such that the one or more ultrasound images and corresponding depth and position information are used to generate a 3D image of a region captured by the ultrasound probe. 9. A method for ultrasound imaging, comprising:
receiving position and orientation information from an ultrasound probe; receiving image information on a current image captured by the ultrasound probe; identifying an imaging plane for the current image captured by the ultrasound probe based on the position and orientation information; retrieving a reference image from a database, the reference image corresponding to the imaging plane of the current image captured by the ultrasound probe; and sending the current image and the reference image to an AR device to display the current image and the reference image in an operator's field of view. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the current image is displayed in the operator's field of view such that the current image appears to project from a distal end of the ultrasound probe. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the current image is displayed adjacent to the reference image. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the ultrasound probe further receives supplemental information and displays the supplemental information in the operator's field of view. 13. The method of claim 13, wherein the supplemental information comprises one or more of patient information, treatment information, medication information, and a reference ultrasound image. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the supplemental information is overlaid onto the current image. 15. A method for ultrasound imaging, comprising:
receiving position and orientation information from an ultrasound probe; receiving image information on a current image captured by the ultrasound probe; identifying an imaging plane for a current image captured by the ultrasound probe based on the position and orientation information; sending the current image to an AR device to display the current image in a field of view of an operator; and determining a position of a target under a portion of skin of a subject. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying an entry point and a corresponding trajectory from the entry point for a tool to reach the target; and sending the entry point and the corresponding trajectory to the AR device to overlay an image of the entry point and the corresponding trajectory onto the current image in the field of view of the operator. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving position and orientation information from the tool; and sending the position and orientation information corresponding to the tool to the AR device to overlay an image of the tool onto the entry point and the corresponding trajectory overlaid onto the current image in the field of view of the operator. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising sending a position of the target to the AR device to display the position in the field of view of the operator. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising extracting depth information from the current image captured by the ultrasound probe. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the target is tissue. | Systems, devices, and methods are disclosed for an enhanced ultrasound system. A system may include an ultrasound probe. The system may include processing circuitry communicatively coupled to the ultrasound probe. The system may also include an AR device receiving image information from the processing circuitry and displaying one or more ultrasound images from the ultrasound probe in a field of view of an operator.1. An ultrasound imaging system, comprising:
an ultrasound probe; processing circuitry communicatively coupled to the ultrasound probe; and an AR device receiving image information from the processing circuitry and displaying one or more ultrasound images from the ultrasound probe in a field of view of an operator. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a tracking mechanism to generate and send position information and orientation information of the ultrasound probe to the AR device, such that the one or more ultrasound images dynamically move as a position of the ultrasound probe changes. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the AR device further receives depth information corresponding to the one or more ultrasound image. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a first input, such that interacting with the first input changes a depth of the one or more ultrasound images displayed in the field of view of the operator. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe comprises a second input, such that interacting with the second input freezes one of the one or more ultrasound images. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe further receives supplemental information and displays the supplemental information in the field of view of the operator. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the supplemental information comprises one or more of patient information, treatment information, medication information, and a reference ultrasound image. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein a given ultrasound image comprises:
depth information for the given ultrasound image; and position information for the given ultrasound image, such that the one or more ultrasound images and corresponding depth and position information are used to generate a 3D image of a region captured by the ultrasound probe. 9. A method for ultrasound imaging, comprising:
receiving position and orientation information from an ultrasound probe; receiving image information on a current image captured by the ultrasound probe; identifying an imaging plane for the current image captured by the ultrasound probe based on the position and orientation information; retrieving a reference image from a database, the reference image corresponding to the imaging plane of the current image captured by the ultrasound probe; and sending the current image and the reference image to an AR device to display the current image and the reference image in an operator's field of view. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the current image is displayed in the operator's field of view such that the current image appears to project from a distal end of the ultrasound probe. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the current image is displayed adjacent to the reference image. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the ultrasound probe further receives supplemental information and displays the supplemental information in the operator's field of view. 13. The method of claim 13, wherein the supplemental information comprises one or more of patient information, treatment information, medication information, and a reference ultrasound image. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the supplemental information is overlaid onto the current image. 15. A method for ultrasound imaging, comprising:
receiving position and orientation information from an ultrasound probe; receiving image information on a current image captured by the ultrasound probe; identifying an imaging plane for a current image captured by the ultrasound probe based on the position and orientation information; sending the current image to an AR device to display the current image in a field of view of an operator; and determining a position of a target under a portion of skin of a subject. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying an entry point and a corresponding trajectory from the entry point for a tool to reach the target; and sending the entry point and the corresponding trajectory to the AR device to overlay an image of the entry point and the corresponding trajectory onto the current image in the field of view of the operator. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving position and orientation information from the tool; and sending the position and orientation information corresponding to the tool to the AR device to overlay an image of the tool onto the entry point and the corresponding trajectory overlaid onto the current image in the field of view of the operator. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising sending a position of the target to the AR device to display the position in the field of view of the operator. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising extracting depth information from the current image captured by the ultrasound probe. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the target is tissue. | 3,700 |
345,585 | 16,785,591 | 3,763 | The main embodiment is a system, apparatus, and method for attaching a decorative accessory, ornament, cover, disguise, and or enhancement to an item and/or fixture. The system, apparatus, and method comprising at two components, one base piece with an exposed magnetic surface, that can be attached to myriad surfaces and/or items, and one linking piece referred herein as decorative linking component D which includes decorative housing F, magnetic element E, and various connector G, and links decorative accessory to the fixture or other item. | 1. An apparatus to attach and secure an ornament or decorative accessory to an item, comprising:
An adjustable clip comprising three sections, a first end, a second end, and a middle section;
The adjustable clip being a singular continuous piece of malleable material with magnetic properties and having a constant thickness throughout its length from the first end to the second end; and
A decorative linking element comprising a magnetic component held within a decorative housing of the decorative linking element and having an exposed side, a connector attached to the decorative linking disposed on the decorative housing, the connector configured to connect to an ornamental device; Wherein the adjustable clip is configured to be magnetically attached to the decorative housing and wrapped around the item for display of the ornament or the decorative accessory. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the decorative linking element is configured to magnetically attach to the adjustable clip at any portion from the first end to the second. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector is located at any position on the surface of the decorative housing. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the connector is one of a hook, a loop, a hole, or a post. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a hook. 6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a loop. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a hole. 8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a post. 9. An apparatus to attach and secure an ornament or decorative accessory to an item, comprising:
A base support that attaches to the item;
A base support that is an adjustable clip comprising three sections, a first end, a second end, and a middle section;
The adjustable clip being a singular continuous piece of malleable material with magnetic properties and having a constant thickness throughout its length from the first end to the second end;
A base support that is an adjustable clip with ledge comprising three sections, a first end, a second end, and a middle section;
The adjustable clip with ledge being a singular continuous piece of malleable material with magnetic properties and having a constant thickness through the length of the middle section to the second end and having a slightly thicker section of ledge that extends perpendicularly to the plane of the clip at the outermost circumference at the first end;
A base support that is a pin with ledge comprising a pointed end that tapers and a top end with ledge;
A base support that is a suction cup with ledge comprising a round flexible end capable of a vacuum seal and a top end with ledge;
A decorative linking element comprising a magnetic component held within a decorative housing of the decorative linking element and having an exposed side, a connector attached to the decorative linking disposed on the decorative housing, the connector configured to connect to an ornamental device; Wherein the support base is configured to be magnetically attached to the decorative housing and wrapped around, inserted into, and/or vacuum sealed to the item for display of the ornament or the decorative accessory. 10. A base support pin as defined in claim 9, wherein said pin is a singular continuous piece of material with magnetic properties. 11. A base support suction cup as defined in claim 9, wherein said suction cup comprises at first end a flexible material capable of maintaining a vacuum seal and at second end a piece of material with magnetic properties. 12. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a U-shaped or a-shaped latch. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the connector is a U-shaped or a-shaped latch. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the decorative linking element comprises two parts;
The decorative housing of the decorative linking element and having an exposed side, a connector attached to the decorative linking disposed on the decorative housing, the connector configured to connect to an ornamental device, The magnetic housing of the decorative linking element and having the exposed magnetic side, a connector attached to the decorative linking disposed magnetic housing, the connector configured to connect to an ornamental device, The decorative housing and the magnetic housing configured to connect at the connector through an ornamental device. 15. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a corresponding post and sleeve disposed on the decorative housing and the magnetic housing. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the connector is a corresponding post and sleeve disposed on the decorative housing and the magnetic housing. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the corresponding post and sleeve have corresponding ridges and grooves. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the corresponding post and sleeve have corresponding ridges and grooves. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the corresponding post and sleeve have corresponding ridges and grooves that transverse spirally. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the corresponding post and sleeve have corresponding ridges and grooves that transverse spirally. | The main embodiment is a system, apparatus, and method for attaching a decorative accessory, ornament, cover, disguise, and or enhancement to an item and/or fixture. The system, apparatus, and method comprising at two components, one base piece with an exposed magnetic surface, that can be attached to myriad surfaces and/or items, and one linking piece referred herein as decorative linking component D which includes decorative housing F, magnetic element E, and various connector G, and links decorative accessory to the fixture or other item.1. An apparatus to attach and secure an ornament or decorative accessory to an item, comprising:
An adjustable clip comprising three sections, a first end, a second end, and a middle section;
The adjustable clip being a singular continuous piece of malleable material with magnetic properties and having a constant thickness throughout its length from the first end to the second end; and
A decorative linking element comprising a magnetic component held within a decorative housing of the decorative linking element and having an exposed side, a connector attached to the decorative linking disposed on the decorative housing, the connector configured to connect to an ornamental device; Wherein the adjustable clip is configured to be magnetically attached to the decorative housing and wrapped around the item for display of the ornament or the decorative accessory. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the decorative linking element is configured to magnetically attach to the adjustable clip at any portion from the first end to the second. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector is located at any position on the surface of the decorative housing. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the connector is one of a hook, a loop, a hole, or a post. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a hook. 6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a loop. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a hole. 8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a post. 9. An apparatus to attach and secure an ornament or decorative accessory to an item, comprising:
A base support that attaches to the item;
A base support that is an adjustable clip comprising three sections, a first end, a second end, and a middle section;
The adjustable clip being a singular continuous piece of malleable material with magnetic properties and having a constant thickness throughout its length from the first end to the second end;
A base support that is an adjustable clip with ledge comprising three sections, a first end, a second end, and a middle section;
The adjustable clip with ledge being a singular continuous piece of malleable material with magnetic properties and having a constant thickness through the length of the middle section to the second end and having a slightly thicker section of ledge that extends perpendicularly to the plane of the clip at the outermost circumference at the first end;
A base support that is a pin with ledge comprising a pointed end that tapers and a top end with ledge;
A base support that is a suction cup with ledge comprising a round flexible end capable of a vacuum seal and a top end with ledge;
A decorative linking element comprising a magnetic component held within a decorative housing of the decorative linking element and having an exposed side, a connector attached to the decorative linking disposed on the decorative housing, the connector configured to connect to an ornamental device; Wherein the support base is configured to be magnetically attached to the decorative housing and wrapped around, inserted into, and/or vacuum sealed to the item for display of the ornament or the decorative accessory. 10. A base support pin as defined in claim 9, wherein said pin is a singular continuous piece of material with magnetic properties. 11. A base support suction cup as defined in claim 9, wherein said suction cup comprises at first end a flexible material capable of maintaining a vacuum seal and at second end a piece of material with magnetic properties. 12. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a U-shaped or a-shaped latch. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the connector is a U-shaped or a-shaped latch. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the decorative linking element comprises two parts;
The decorative housing of the decorative linking element and having an exposed side, a connector attached to the decorative linking disposed on the decorative housing, the connector configured to connect to an ornamental device, The magnetic housing of the decorative linking element and having the exposed magnetic side, a connector attached to the decorative linking disposed magnetic housing, the connector configured to connect to an ornamental device, The decorative housing and the magnetic housing configured to connect at the connector through an ornamental device. 15. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the connector is a corresponding post and sleeve disposed on the decorative housing and the magnetic housing. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the connector is a corresponding post and sleeve disposed on the decorative housing and the magnetic housing. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the corresponding post and sleeve have corresponding ridges and grooves. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the corresponding post and sleeve have corresponding ridges and grooves. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the corresponding post and sleeve have corresponding ridges and grooves that transverse spirally. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the corresponding post and sleeve have corresponding ridges and grooves that transverse spirally. | 3,700 |
345,586 | 16,643,521 | 3,763 | The present application discloses a vacuum assembly for a refrigerator, comprising: upper and lower sealing bodies, which are buckled to define a sealed cavity; a vacuum pump, provided in the cavity; a plurality of plate-like members, arranged between the vacuum pump and a sealing box; a plurality of abutting parts, provided on the upper sealing body and abutting against tops of the plate-like members, a step being provided at an end of the abutting part coming into contact with the plate-like member, a top surface of the step abutting against the plate-like member, and a side surface of the step abutting against the plate-like member; a plurality of ribs, provided on the lower sealing body and spaced apart from the side walls to define limiting grooves; and a plurality of guide grooves, provided on the lower sealing body and extending in a vertical direction to guide the plate-like members. | 1. A vacuum assembly for a refrigerator, comprising:
upper and lower sealing bodies, which are buckled to define a sealed accommodating cavity; a vacuum pump, provided in the accommodating cavity; a plurality of plate-like members, provided in the accommodating cavity and arranged between the vacuum pump and side walls of a sealing box, for sound insulation; a plurality of abutting parts, provided on the upper sealing body and abutting against tops of the plate-like members when the upper and lower sealing bodies are buckled, a step being provided at an end of the abutting part coming into contact with the plate-like member, a top surface of the step abutting against a top surface of the plate-like member, and a side surface of the step abutting against a side surface of the plate-like member; a plurality of ribs, provided on the lower sealing body and spaced apart from the side walls to define limiting grooves for the plate-like members; and a plurality of guide grooves, provided on the lower sealing body and extending in a vertical direction to guide the plate-like members. 2. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower sealing bodies are configured as plastic bodies. 3. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the plate-like members are configured as metal sheets. 4. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the plate-like member is configured as an aluminum sheet, a steel sheet or a galvanized sheet. 5. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the metal sheets are attached to the side walls. 6. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein two plate-like members are provided adjacently to two opposite side walls of the sealing box respectively. 7. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the rib is parallel with the side wall to limit a horizontal displacement of the metal sheet. 8. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the rib and the side wall is configured as a thickness of the metal sheet. 9. A refrigerator, comprising a cabinet in which a fresh space is provided, further comprising the vacuum assembly according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum assembly is connected with the fresh space. 10. The refrigerator according to claim 9, wherein the fresh space is configured as an independent compartment or a closed or semi-closed space provided in a compartment. | The present application discloses a vacuum assembly for a refrigerator, comprising: upper and lower sealing bodies, which are buckled to define a sealed cavity; a vacuum pump, provided in the cavity; a plurality of plate-like members, arranged between the vacuum pump and a sealing box; a plurality of abutting parts, provided on the upper sealing body and abutting against tops of the plate-like members, a step being provided at an end of the abutting part coming into contact with the plate-like member, a top surface of the step abutting against the plate-like member, and a side surface of the step abutting against the plate-like member; a plurality of ribs, provided on the lower sealing body and spaced apart from the side walls to define limiting grooves; and a plurality of guide grooves, provided on the lower sealing body and extending in a vertical direction to guide the plate-like members.1. A vacuum assembly for a refrigerator, comprising:
upper and lower sealing bodies, which are buckled to define a sealed accommodating cavity; a vacuum pump, provided in the accommodating cavity; a plurality of plate-like members, provided in the accommodating cavity and arranged between the vacuum pump and side walls of a sealing box, for sound insulation; a plurality of abutting parts, provided on the upper sealing body and abutting against tops of the plate-like members when the upper and lower sealing bodies are buckled, a step being provided at an end of the abutting part coming into contact with the plate-like member, a top surface of the step abutting against a top surface of the plate-like member, and a side surface of the step abutting against a side surface of the plate-like member; a plurality of ribs, provided on the lower sealing body and spaced apart from the side walls to define limiting grooves for the plate-like members; and a plurality of guide grooves, provided on the lower sealing body and extending in a vertical direction to guide the plate-like members. 2. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower sealing bodies are configured as plastic bodies. 3. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the plate-like members are configured as metal sheets. 4. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the plate-like member is configured as an aluminum sheet, a steel sheet or a galvanized sheet. 5. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the metal sheets are attached to the side walls. 6. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein two plate-like members are provided adjacently to two opposite side walls of the sealing box respectively. 7. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the rib is parallel with the side wall to limit a horizontal displacement of the metal sheet. 8. The vacuum assembly for a refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the rib and the side wall is configured as a thickness of the metal sheet. 9. A refrigerator, comprising a cabinet in which a fresh space is provided, further comprising the vacuum assembly according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum assembly is connected with the fresh space. 10. The refrigerator according to claim 9, wherein the fresh space is configured as an independent compartment or a closed or semi-closed space provided in a compartment. | 3,700 |
345,587 | 16,643,506 | 3,763 | An apparatus include a baseband processor configured to receive digital samples of a first wireless local area network (WLAN) signal demodulated with a first phase locked loop (PLL). The baseband processor is configured to determine whether to switch from using the first PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal to a second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal. The apparatus further includes a selection circuit coupled to the first PLL and the second PLL. The selection switch is configured to switch from the first PLL to the second PLL based on the determination. The baseband processor is configured to receive additional digital samples of the first WLAN signal demodulated with the second PLL. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a baseband processor configured to receive digital samples of a first wireless local area network (WLAN) signal demodulated with a first phase locked loop (PLL); the baseband processor to determine whether to switch from using the first PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal to using a second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal; a selection circuit coupled to the first PLL and the second PLL, the selection circuit being configured to switch from the first PLL to the second PLL based on the determination; and the baseband processor configured to receive additional digital samples of the first WLAN signal demodulated with the second PLL. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to:
send a disable command to the first PLL to disable the first PLL from demodulating the first WLAN signal; and send an enable command to the second PLL to enable the second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to:
inspect a header of the first WLAN signal; and send a control signal to the selection circuit when the header identifies a first format of the first WLAN signal, wherein the selection circuit is configured to switch from the first PLL to the second PLL based on the control signal, wherein the first PLL remains active when the header identifies a second format of the first WLAN signal. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the header comprises a legacy short training field (L-STF) and a legacy long training field (L-LFT). 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the L-STF indicates whether the first WLAN signal is in the first format or the second format. 6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first format is a very high throughput (VHT) format, a high throughput (HT) format, or a high efficiency (HE) format. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first PLL is a low-power PLL and the second PLL is a high-power PLL. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to:
monitor for the first WLAN signal; and in response to receiving the first WLAN signal, demodulate the digital samples of the first WLAN signal using the first PLL. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to select a frequency of the second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to:
determine that no first WLAN signal is received; and switch from using the second PLL to monitor for a second WLAN signal to using the first PLL to monitor for the second WLAN signal. 11. A system comprising:
a mixer to receive a first signal from an antenna; a processing component coupled to the mixer; a selection circuit coupled to the processing component and to the mixer; a first means for demodulating the signal, wherein the first means is coupled to the selection circuit; and a second means for demodulating the signal, the second means coupled to the selection circuit, wherein the processing component is configured to:
receive the first signal from the mixer; and
in response to the receiving the first signal, send a first signal to the selection circuit to disconnect the first means from the mixer and connect the second means to the mixer. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the selection circuit is a glitch-less multiplexer that switches between a first clock source of the first means and a second clock source of the second means, wherein the glitch-less multiplexer is controlled by the first signal. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the first means operate at a first power level and the second means operates at a second power level, wherein the second power level is higher than the first power level. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processing component is further configured to send a second signal to the selection circuit to connect the first means to the mixer when the system is operating in a power saving mode. 15. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
the antenna to receive the first signal; an amplifier coupled to the antenna, wherein the amplifier is configured to amplify the first signal; and an analog to digital converter (ADC) coupled to the mixer, wherein the ADC is configured to convert the first signal from an analog format to a digital format. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the processing component is further configured to:
receive a second signal from the mixer; inspect a header of the second signal; and send the first signal to the selection circuit to disconnect the first means from the mixer and connect the second means to the mixer when the header identifies a first format of the second signal, wherein the first means remains connected to the mixer when the header identifies a second format of the first signal. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the processing component is a modem or a processor core. 18. A method comprising:
receiving, by a baseband processor, digital samples of a first wireless local area network (WLAN) signal demodulated with a first phase locked loop (PLL); determining, by the baseband processor, whether to switch from using the first PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal to using a second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal; selecting, by the baseband processor, the second PLL to demodulate additional digital samples of the first WLAN signal based on a determination to switch from using the first PLL to the second PLL; and receiving, by the baseband processor, the additional digital samples of the first WLAN signal demodulated with the second PLL. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein selecting the second PLL further comprises:
determining, by the baseband processor, that a header of the signal indicates that the signal is in a defined format; disconnecting the first PLL from a mixer using a selection circuit; and connecting the second PLL to the mixer using the selection circuit. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining, by the baseband processor, that an entire signal has been received; and selecting, by the baseband processor, the first PLL to switch back from using the second PLL to using the first PLL based on a determination that the entire signal has been received. | An apparatus include a baseband processor configured to receive digital samples of a first wireless local area network (WLAN) signal demodulated with a first phase locked loop (PLL). The baseband processor is configured to determine whether to switch from using the first PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal to a second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal. The apparatus further includes a selection circuit coupled to the first PLL and the second PLL. The selection switch is configured to switch from the first PLL to the second PLL based on the determination. The baseband processor is configured to receive additional digital samples of the first WLAN signal demodulated with the second PLL.1. An apparatus comprising:
a baseband processor configured to receive digital samples of a first wireless local area network (WLAN) signal demodulated with a first phase locked loop (PLL); the baseband processor to determine whether to switch from using the first PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal to using a second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal; a selection circuit coupled to the first PLL and the second PLL, the selection circuit being configured to switch from the first PLL to the second PLL based on the determination; and the baseband processor configured to receive additional digital samples of the first WLAN signal demodulated with the second PLL. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to:
send a disable command to the first PLL to disable the first PLL from demodulating the first WLAN signal; and send an enable command to the second PLL to enable the second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to:
inspect a header of the first WLAN signal; and send a control signal to the selection circuit when the header identifies a first format of the first WLAN signal, wherein the selection circuit is configured to switch from the first PLL to the second PLL based on the control signal, wherein the first PLL remains active when the header identifies a second format of the first WLAN signal. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the header comprises a legacy short training field (L-STF) and a legacy long training field (L-LFT). 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the L-STF indicates whether the first WLAN signal is in the first format or the second format. 6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first format is a very high throughput (VHT) format, a high throughput (HT) format, or a high efficiency (HE) format. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first PLL is a low-power PLL and the second PLL is a high-power PLL. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to:
monitor for the first WLAN signal; and in response to receiving the first WLAN signal, demodulate the digital samples of the first WLAN signal using the first PLL. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to select a frequency of the second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband processor is further configured to:
determine that no first WLAN signal is received; and switch from using the second PLL to monitor for a second WLAN signal to using the first PLL to monitor for the second WLAN signal. 11. A system comprising:
a mixer to receive a first signal from an antenna; a processing component coupled to the mixer; a selection circuit coupled to the processing component and to the mixer; a first means for demodulating the signal, wherein the first means is coupled to the selection circuit; and a second means for demodulating the signal, the second means coupled to the selection circuit, wherein the processing component is configured to:
receive the first signal from the mixer; and
in response to the receiving the first signal, send a first signal to the selection circuit to disconnect the first means from the mixer and connect the second means to the mixer. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the selection circuit is a glitch-less multiplexer that switches between a first clock source of the first means and a second clock source of the second means, wherein the glitch-less multiplexer is controlled by the first signal. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the first means operate at a first power level and the second means operates at a second power level, wherein the second power level is higher than the first power level. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processing component is further configured to send a second signal to the selection circuit to connect the first means to the mixer when the system is operating in a power saving mode. 15. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
the antenna to receive the first signal; an amplifier coupled to the antenna, wherein the amplifier is configured to amplify the first signal; and an analog to digital converter (ADC) coupled to the mixer, wherein the ADC is configured to convert the first signal from an analog format to a digital format. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the processing component is further configured to:
receive a second signal from the mixer; inspect a header of the second signal; and send the first signal to the selection circuit to disconnect the first means from the mixer and connect the second means to the mixer when the header identifies a first format of the second signal, wherein the first means remains connected to the mixer when the header identifies a second format of the first signal. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the processing component is a modem or a processor core. 18. A method comprising:
receiving, by a baseband processor, digital samples of a first wireless local area network (WLAN) signal demodulated with a first phase locked loop (PLL); determining, by the baseband processor, whether to switch from using the first PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal to using a second PLL to demodulate the first WLAN signal; selecting, by the baseband processor, the second PLL to demodulate additional digital samples of the first WLAN signal based on a determination to switch from using the first PLL to the second PLL; and receiving, by the baseband processor, the additional digital samples of the first WLAN signal demodulated with the second PLL. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein selecting the second PLL further comprises:
determining, by the baseband processor, that a header of the signal indicates that the signal is in a defined format; disconnecting the first PLL from a mixer using a selection circuit; and connecting the second PLL to the mixer using the selection circuit. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
determining, by the baseband processor, that an entire signal has been received; and selecting, by the baseband processor, the first PLL to switch back from using the second PLL to using the first PLL based on a determination that the entire signal has been received. | 3,700 |
345,588 | 16,643,519 | 1,776 | The invention relates to air cleaning and enrichment systems, namely, to systems for providing a user with a healthy air, and it may be used in living, training, medical and working rooms, interiors and cabins of vehicles in order to provide household, medical and other people needs in the air that is cleaned from harmful impurities and chemically healthy. | 1. A system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air, the system is capable of creating an airflow and comprises a room with at least one means for arranging the user, an air delivery duct, a control device, characterized in that it comprises at least one container that comprises the healthy air that is collected in a forest area or in mountains, or over a sea or a seaside, or cleaned from harmful impurities, or comprising added healthy impurities, an air output duct that is coupled to the at least one container comprising the air and that is capable of supplying the air from the at least one container into the room, the air delivery duct is configured with a filter and is capable of supplying the air from the environment into the room that is capable of being closed and equipped with at least one measurement device that is capable of measuring the air pressure and/or temperature, and/or moisture, and/or a number of impurities therein, and/or other, and coupled to the control device, while the control device is capable of regulating the airflow rate supplied through the air output and delivery ducts depending on parameters of the at least one measurement device. 2. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air output duct is capable of supplying the air from the at least one container into the room through the air delivery duct. 3. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air delivery duct is capable of delivering the air from the environment through a ventilation system or a conditioning system. 4. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an air discharge duct that is capable of discharging the air outside from the room. 5. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an additional air duct that is capable of supplying flavoring agents and/or phytoncides, and/or drugs, and/or other into the room. 6. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air delivery duct and the air output duct are provided with fans. 7. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air output duct is capable of supplying the air directly to the user arranged in the corresponding means for arranging the user. 8. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the room is a medical or training room, or a vehicle interior, or a vehicle cabin, or a living room, or a compartment of a railway transport, or an interior space of a subway car or a plane interior, or other. 9. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air output duct is coupled to the room conditioning system or to the room ventilation system. 10. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the room comprises a medical diagnostic equipment. | The invention relates to air cleaning and enrichment systems, namely, to systems for providing a user with a healthy air, and it may be used in living, training, medical and working rooms, interiors and cabins of vehicles in order to provide household, medical and other people needs in the air that is cleaned from harmful impurities and chemically healthy.1. A system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air, the system is capable of creating an airflow and comprises a room with at least one means for arranging the user, an air delivery duct, a control device, characterized in that it comprises at least one container that comprises the healthy air that is collected in a forest area or in mountains, or over a sea or a seaside, or cleaned from harmful impurities, or comprising added healthy impurities, an air output duct that is coupled to the at least one container comprising the air and that is capable of supplying the air from the at least one container into the room, the air delivery duct is configured with a filter and is capable of supplying the air from the environment into the room that is capable of being closed and equipped with at least one measurement device that is capable of measuring the air pressure and/or temperature, and/or moisture, and/or a number of impurities therein, and/or other, and coupled to the control device, while the control device is capable of regulating the airflow rate supplied through the air output and delivery ducts depending on parameters of the at least one measurement device. 2. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air output duct is capable of supplying the air from the at least one container into the room through the air delivery duct. 3. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air delivery duct is capable of delivering the air from the environment through a ventilation system or a conditioning system. 4. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an air discharge duct that is capable of discharging the air outside from the room. 5. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an additional air duct that is capable of supplying flavoring agents and/or phytoncides, and/or drugs, and/or other into the room. 6. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air delivery duct and the air output duct are provided with fans. 7. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air output duct is capable of supplying the air directly to the user arranged in the corresponding means for arranging the user. 8. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the room is a medical or training room, or a vehicle interior, or a vehicle cabin, or a living room, or a compartment of a railway transport, or an interior space of a subway car or a plane interior, or other. 9. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the air output duct is coupled to the room conditioning system or to the room ventilation system. 10. The system “In.AirBox” for providing a user with a healthy air according to claim 1, characterized in that the room comprises a medical diagnostic equipment. | 1,700 |
345,589 | 16,643,488 | 1,776 | A method of manufacturing an LED display device, including the successive steps of: a) transferring, onto a planar surface of a support plate made of a transparent material having its other surface structured and defining a plurality of microlenses, a plurality of semiconductor chips, each including at least one LED; and b) forming a network of conductive interconnection tracks contacting the chips by their surface opposite to the support plate. | 1. A method of manufacturing a LED display device, comprising the successive steps of:
a) transferring, onto a planar surface of a support plate made of a transparent material having its other surface structured and defining a plurality of microlenses, a plurality of semiconductor chips, each comprising at least one LED; and b) forming a network of conductive interconnection tracks contacting the chips by their surface opposite to the support plate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein during step a), the support plate is illuminated by means of a light source arranged on the side of its structured surface, to generate on its planar surface a light pattern used as an alignment mark for the positioning of the chips on the support plate. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, between step a) and step b), a step c) of deposition of an opaque resin layer between the chips of the device. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said layer is a negative resist layer, step c) comprising the successive steps of:
depositing said layer between the chips and on the surface of the chips opposite to the support plate; illuminating said layer through the support plate, the chips being used as a mask during the illumination step; and developing the resist. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein step c) further comprises a step of annealing said layer between the illumination step and the development step. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein each chip comprises a plurality of LEDs formed in said stack, the control circuit being capable of individually controlling the different LEDs of the chip. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in each chip, the control circuit comprises a plurality of electric connection terminals arranged on the surface of the control circuit opposite to the stack. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the network of conductive interconnection tracks is in contact with said electric connection terminals. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the network of conductive interconnection tracks is formed by printing of a first conductive level, followed by an insulating level, followed by a second conductive level. 11. A LED display device, comprising:
a support plate made of a transparent material having a planar surface and having its other surface structured and defining a plurality of microlenses; a plurality of semiconductor chips, each comprising at least one LED, arranged on the planar surface of the support plate; and a network of conductive interconnection tracks contacting the chips by their surface opposite to the support plate. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 13. The method according to claim 2, further comprising, between step a) and step b), a step c) of deposition of an opaque resin layer between the chips of the device. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 15. The method according to claim 3, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 16. The method according to claim 4, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 17. The method according to claim 5, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 18. The method according to claim 7, wherein, in each chip, the control circuit comprises a plurality of electric connection terminals arranged on the surface of the control circuit opposite to the stack. | A method of manufacturing an LED display device, including the successive steps of: a) transferring, onto a planar surface of a support plate made of a transparent material having its other surface structured and defining a plurality of microlenses, a plurality of semiconductor chips, each including at least one LED; and b) forming a network of conductive interconnection tracks contacting the chips by their surface opposite to the support plate.1. A method of manufacturing a LED display device, comprising the successive steps of:
a) transferring, onto a planar surface of a support plate made of a transparent material having its other surface structured and defining a plurality of microlenses, a plurality of semiconductor chips, each comprising at least one LED; and b) forming a network of conductive interconnection tracks contacting the chips by their surface opposite to the support plate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein during step a), the support plate is illuminated by means of a light source arranged on the side of its structured surface, to generate on its planar surface a light pattern used as an alignment mark for the positioning of the chips on the support plate. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, between step a) and step b), a step c) of deposition of an opaque resin layer between the chips of the device. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said layer is a negative resist layer, step c) comprising the successive steps of:
depositing said layer between the chips and on the surface of the chips opposite to the support plate; illuminating said layer through the support plate, the chips being used as a mask during the illumination step; and developing the resist. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein step c) further comprises a step of annealing said layer between the illumination step and the development step. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein each chip comprises a plurality of LEDs formed in said stack, the control circuit being capable of individually controlling the different LEDs of the chip. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in each chip, the control circuit comprises a plurality of electric connection terminals arranged on the surface of the control circuit opposite to the stack. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the network of conductive interconnection tracks is in contact with said electric connection terminals. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the network of conductive interconnection tracks is formed by printing of a first conductive level, followed by an insulating level, followed by a second conductive level. 11. A LED display device, comprising:
a support plate made of a transparent material having a planar surface and having its other surface structured and defining a plurality of microlenses; a plurality of semiconductor chips, each comprising at least one LED, arranged on the planar surface of the support plate; and a network of conductive interconnection tracks contacting the chips by their surface opposite to the support plate. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 13. The method according to claim 2, further comprising, between step a) and step b), a step c) of deposition of an opaque resin layer between the chips of the device. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 15. The method according to claim 3, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 16. The method according to claim 4, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 17. The method according to claim 5, wherein each chip comprises a stack of inorganic semiconductor layers having said at least one LED formed therein, and a circuit for controlling said at least one LED formed inside and on top of a semiconductor substrate, the control circuit being placed against a surface of the stack, and said chip being arranged so that the surface of the stack opposite to the control circuit faces the support plate. 18. The method according to claim 7, wherein, in each chip, the control circuit comprises a plurality of electric connection terminals arranged on the surface of the control circuit opposite to the stack. | 1,700 |
345,590 | 16,643,516 | 1,776 | Provided is a curable composition which forms a cured product that has excellent fireproof performance, while having excellent shape retainability even in cases where the expansion ratio of the cured product after firing is set to a high value. This curable composition includes a shape retention agent, while having fluidity when applied; and if a cured product that is obtained by curing this curable composition is fired in 600° C. air atmosphere for 30 minutes, the cured product after firing has shape retainability. | 1: A fireproof curable composition comprising a shape retention agent and having fluidity when applied,
wherein, when a cured product after curing of the fireproof curable composition is fired in 600° C. air atmosphere for 30 minutes, the cured product after firing has shape retainability. 2: The fireproof curable composition according to claim 1,
wherein the shape retention agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a novolac-type epoxy resin, a phosphorus compound, a boron compound, and a benzoxazine compound. 3: The fireproof curable composition according to claim 1, comprising:
(A) a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer containing at least one crosslinkable silicon group in one molecule, and (B) a thermally expandable graphite. 4: The fireproof curable composition according to claim 1, further comprising: (C) an organic polymer including at least one crosslinkable silicon group in one molecule, the organic polymer being different from (A) the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer including at least one crosslinkable silicon group in one molecule. 5: A cured product of the fireproof curable composition described in claim 1. 6: A fireproof material having fluidity when applied and comprising a cured product of a curable composition including a shape retention agent, wherein, when the cured product is fired in 600° C. air atmosphere for 30 minutes, the cured product after firing has shape retainability. 7: The fireproof material according to claim 6, wherein the shape retention agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a novolac-type epoxy resin, a phosphorus compound, a boron compound, and a benzoxazine compound. 8: A method of constructing a fireproof structure, the method comprising:
applying a curable composition that has fluidity when applied and comprises a shape retention agent, onto at least a portion of a surface of a construction, and curing the curable composition to form a cured product; wherein, when the cured product is fired in 600° C. air atmosphere for 30 minutes, the cured product after firing has shape retainability. 9: The method of constructing a fireproof structure according to claim 8, wherein the shape retention agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a novolac-type epoxy resin, a phosphorus compound, a boron compound, and a benzoxazine compound. | Provided is a curable composition which forms a cured product that has excellent fireproof performance, while having excellent shape retainability even in cases where the expansion ratio of the cured product after firing is set to a high value. This curable composition includes a shape retention agent, while having fluidity when applied; and if a cured product that is obtained by curing this curable composition is fired in 600° C. air atmosphere for 30 minutes, the cured product after firing has shape retainability.1: A fireproof curable composition comprising a shape retention agent and having fluidity when applied,
wherein, when a cured product after curing of the fireproof curable composition is fired in 600° C. air atmosphere for 30 minutes, the cured product after firing has shape retainability. 2: The fireproof curable composition according to claim 1,
wherein the shape retention agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a novolac-type epoxy resin, a phosphorus compound, a boron compound, and a benzoxazine compound. 3: The fireproof curable composition according to claim 1, comprising:
(A) a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer containing at least one crosslinkable silicon group in one molecule, and (B) a thermally expandable graphite. 4: The fireproof curable composition according to claim 1, further comprising: (C) an organic polymer including at least one crosslinkable silicon group in one molecule, the organic polymer being different from (A) the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer including at least one crosslinkable silicon group in one molecule. 5: A cured product of the fireproof curable composition described in claim 1. 6: A fireproof material having fluidity when applied and comprising a cured product of a curable composition including a shape retention agent, wherein, when the cured product is fired in 600° C. air atmosphere for 30 minutes, the cured product after firing has shape retainability. 7: The fireproof material according to claim 6, wherein the shape retention agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a novolac-type epoxy resin, a phosphorus compound, a boron compound, and a benzoxazine compound. 8: A method of constructing a fireproof structure, the method comprising:
applying a curable composition that has fluidity when applied and comprises a shape retention agent, onto at least a portion of a surface of a construction, and curing the curable composition to form a cured product; wherein, when the cured product is fired in 600° C. air atmosphere for 30 minutes, the cured product after firing has shape retainability. 9: The method of constructing a fireproof structure according to claim 8, wherein the shape retention agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a novolac-type epoxy resin, a phosphorus compound, a boron compound, and a benzoxazine compound. | 1,700 |
345,591 | 16,643,510 | 1,776 | The invention relates to a method as well as a device (16) for the positioned holding of a laminated core (2) including at least one layer (9, 10) accommodated in the laminated core (2), which layer is made up of several conductor elements (3, 4) arranged spread over the circumference of the laminated core (2) and configured as rods for forming a stator or a rotor of an electric machine. The first front face (7) of the laminated core (2) comes into flush contact with first stop faces (21) of first support elements (20) and the first support elements (20) are readjusted into open spaces between the conductor elements (3, 4). The second stop faces (23) of second support elements (22) then come into flush contact with a second front face (8) of the laminated core (2) and the second support elements (22) are also readjusted into the open spaces between the conductor elements (3, 4). This allows for the laminated core (2) to be held in a positioned manner. | 1. A method for the positioned holding of a laminated core including at least one layer accommodated in the laminated core, which layer is made up of several conductor elements arranged spread over the circumference of the laminated core and configured as rods for forming a stator or a rotor of an electric machine, comprising the following steps:
provisioning of the laminated core made up of several sheet metal segments resting directly against each other and defining a longitudinal axis, wherein several receiving grooves arranged spread over the circumference are arranged in the laminated core and the receiving grooves extend respectively between a first front face and a second front face, wherein the receiving grooves serve to accommodate circuit sections of an electric winding, provisioning of the rod-shaped conductor elements, respectively having a first end portion and respectively having a second end portion spaced apart therefrom, wherein the conductor elements serve to form the electric winding and the conductor elements are configured with a rod length which is larger than a thickness of the laminated core between its first front face and its second front face, inserting of at least one of the conductor elements in several of the receiving grooves, and positioned aligning of the conductor elements in an axial direction with respect to at least one of the two front faces of the laminated core, wherein the first end portions of the conductor elements protrude respectively beyond the first front face and the second end portions protrude respectively beyond the second front face, wherein a plurality of first support elements arranged spread over the circumference and configured in a rod shape with its first ends facing the longitudinal axis are readjusted from a position not overlapping an outer circumference of the laminated core in a direction toward the longitudinal axis to a position overlapping section by section the first front face in a direction toward the longitudinal axis to such an extent that the first ends are located on the side facing away from the longitudinal axis as well as just outside of the conductor elements accommodated in the receiving grooves and the first support elements at their sides respectively facing toward the laminated core form a first stop face aligned in a vertical direction, the laminated core including the conductor elements aligned in a positioned manner with the longitudinal axis having a horizontal alignment comes with its first front face into flush contact in an axial direction with the first stop faces of the first support elements, a plurality of second support elements arranged spread over the circumference and configured in a rod shape with their second ends facing the longitudinal axis are readjusted from a position not overlapping an outer circumference of the laminated core in a direction toward the longitudinal axis to a position overlapping section by section the second front face in a direction toward the longitudinal axis to such an extent that the second ends are located on the side facing away from the longitudinal axis as well as just outside of the conductor elements accommodated in the receiving grooves and the second support elements at their sides respectively facing the laminated core form a second stop face aligned in a vertical direction, the second support elements with their second stop faces in an axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis are readjusted in a direction toward the laminated core until a majority of the second stop faces are in flush contact with the second front face, the first support elements are readjusted further in a direction toward the longitudinal axis, wherein preferably at least one of the first support elements is readjusted into each open space located between the conductor elements in a circumferential direction, and the second support elements are also readjusted further in a direction toward the longitudinal axis, wherein preferably at least one of the second support elements is readjusted into each open space located between the conductor elements in a circumferential direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first support elements or the second support elements, or both are readjusted into the open spaces respectively located between the conductor elements in a circumferential direction to such an extent that the open spaces between the individual conductor elements are fully or at least almost fully filled out. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the readjustment of the first support elements and of the second support elements is carried out respectively in a radial direction. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core including the conductor elements aligned in a positioned manner is accommodated by a holding arm of a holding device before its first front face comes into flush contact with the first stop faces of the first support elements, wherein holding elements located at the holding arm and readjustable in a radial direction are pushed against an inner surface of the laminated core. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the respective end portions of the conductor elements of the at least one layer, which end portions are aligned in a positioned manner and protrude beyond the laminated core, are subjected by at least one pressure element of a pressure device to a pressure built up by the at least one pressure element readjustable at least in a radial direction and are thus held in a direction of the longitudinal extent of the receiving grooves positioned with respect to the laminated core. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core including the conductor elements aligned in a positioned manner is aligned in a positioned manner in a circumferential direction with respect to a target position before its first front face comes into flush contact with the first stop faces of the first support elements. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core including the conductor elements aligned in a positioned manner is pivoted from a position of the longitudinal axis having a vertical alignment to the position of the longitudinal axis having a horizontal alignment before its first front face comes into flush contact with the first stop faces of the first support elements. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first support elements are arranged or configured respectively at least in pairs at a first slider element and the second support elements are arranged or configured respectively at least in respective pairs at a second slider element. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a first retaining projection is arranged or configured respectively at the first support elements, in particular at the first slider elements, and a second retaining projection is arranged or configured respectively at the second support elements, in particular at the second slider elements. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the first front face of the laminated core has come into flush contact with and is supported by the first stop faces of the first support elements, and with the first support elements being in the position in a circumferential direction in the open spaces respectively located between the conductor elements, the laminated core including the conductor elements is held clamped by the first support elements or the first retaining projections, or both. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the second stop faces of the second support elements have come into axial flush contact with and are supported by the second front face of the laminated core and before the further radial readjustment movement of the second support elements into the open spaces respectively located between the conductor elements or after this readjustment movement, the holding elements pushed against the inner surface of the laminated core are readjusted away from the inner surface and the holding arm of the holding device is readjusted in an axial direction out of the interior of the laminated core. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein after the second stop faces of the second support elements have come into flush contact with and are supported by the second front face of the laminated core, and with the second support elements being in the position in a circumferential direction in the open spaces respectively located between the conductor elements, the laminated core including the conductor elements is held clamped by the second support elements or the second retaining projections, or both. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first support elements, in particular the first slider elements, are readjusted in a radial direction by a first drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive, and the second support elements, in particular the second slider elements, are readjusted also in a radial direction by a second drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first support elements, in particular the first slider elements, are arranged positioned in place in an axial direction and the first stop faces form a reference plane having a vertical alignment. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least the second support elements, in particular at least the second slider elements, are readjustable in an axial direction with respect to the first support elements, in particular with respect to the first slider elements. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least the second support elements, in particular the second slider elements, are readjusted together in an axial direction by a third drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core located in an axial direction between the first support elements and the second support elements is pushed against the first support elements by the second support elements in an axial direction. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein an axial distance in a normal direction between the first and second stop faces is acquired with the laminated core located between the first support elements and the second support elements and with the first stop faces in flush contact with the first front face and the second stop face in flush contact with the second front face of the laminated core. 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core aligned in a positioned manner by the first and second support elements is transported at least including the support elements to a downstream deforming station for deforming the end portions of the conductor elements protruding respectively beyond the two front faces. 20. A device for the positioned holding of a laminated core including at least one layer accommodated in the laminated core, which layer is made up of several conductor elements arranged spread over the circumference of the laminated core and configured as rods for forming a stator or a rotor of an electric machine and for carrying out the method of claim 1, wherein the device comprises:
a first holding unit with a plurality of first support elements arranged spread over the circumference and configured in a rod shape, wherein a first stop face aligned in a vertical direction is formed by the first support elements at their sides which are respectively turnable toward the laminated core and the first support elements are readjustably guided in a radial direction at the first holding unit, a second holding unit with a plurality of second support elements arranged spread over the circumference and configured in a rod shape, wherein a second stop face aligned in a vertical direction is formed by the second support elements at their sides which are respectively turnable toward the laminated core and the second support elements are readjustably guided in a radial direction at the second holding unit, and at least one of the two holding units is readjustably guided at a base frame in a normal direction with respect to the stop faces with respect to the other holding unit. 21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the first support elements are arranged or configured respectively at least in pairs at a first slider element and the second support elements are arranged or configured respectively at least in pairs at a second slider element and the first slider elements are guided at the first holding unit and the second slider elements are guided at the second holding unit. 22. The device according to claim 20, wherein a first retaining projection is arranged or configured respectively at the first support elements, in particular at the first slider elements, and a second retaining projection is arranged or configured respectively at the second support elements, in particular at the second slider elements, and the first retaining projections and the second retaining projections are arranged at sides of the support elements, in particular of the slider elements, respectively facing each other. 23. The device according to claim 20, wherein the first support elements, in particular the first slider elements, are in drive connection with a first drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive, and the second support elements, in particular the second slider elements, are in drive connection with a second drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive, and the drive devices can carry out the readjustment movements in a radial direction. 24. The device according to claim 20, wherein the first holding unit is arranged positioned in place at the base frame and the first stop faces of the first support elements form a reference plane with a vertical alignment. 25. The device according to claim 20, wherein at least the second holding unit is readjustably guided at the base frame in an axial direction with respect to the first holding unit and the second holding unit is in drive connection with a third drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive. | The invention relates to a method as well as a device (16) for the positioned holding of a laminated core (2) including at least one layer (9, 10) accommodated in the laminated core (2), which layer is made up of several conductor elements (3, 4) arranged spread over the circumference of the laminated core (2) and configured as rods for forming a stator or a rotor of an electric machine. The first front face (7) of the laminated core (2) comes into flush contact with first stop faces (21) of first support elements (20) and the first support elements (20) are readjusted into open spaces between the conductor elements (3, 4). The second stop faces (23) of second support elements (22) then come into flush contact with a second front face (8) of the laminated core (2) and the second support elements (22) are also readjusted into the open spaces between the conductor elements (3, 4). This allows for the laminated core (2) to be held in a positioned manner.1. A method for the positioned holding of a laminated core including at least one layer accommodated in the laminated core, which layer is made up of several conductor elements arranged spread over the circumference of the laminated core and configured as rods for forming a stator or a rotor of an electric machine, comprising the following steps:
provisioning of the laminated core made up of several sheet metal segments resting directly against each other and defining a longitudinal axis, wherein several receiving grooves arranged spread over the circumference are arranged in the laminated core and the receiving grooves extend respectively between a first front face and a second front face, wherein the receiving grooves serve to accommodate circuit sections of an electric winding, provisioning of the rod-shaped conductor elements, respectively having a first end portion and respectively having a second end portion spaced apart therefrom, wherein the conductor elements serve to form the electric winding and the conductor elements are configured with a rod length which is larger than a thickness of the laminated core between its first front face and its second front face, inserting of at least one of the conductor elements in several of the receiving grooves, and positioned aligning of the conductor elements in an axial direction with respect to at least one of the two front faces of the laminated core, wherein the first end portions of the conductor elements protrude respectively beyond the first front face and the second end portions protrude respectively beyond the second front face, wherein a plurality of first support elements arranged spread over the circumference and configured in a rod shape with its first ends facing the longitudinal axis are readjusted from a position not overlapping an outer circumference of the laminated core in a direction toward the longitudinal axis to a position overlapping section by section the first front face in a direction toward the longitudinal axis to such an extent that the first ends are located on the side facing away from the longitudinal axis as well as just outside of the conductor elements accommodated in the receiving grooves and the first support elements at their sides respectively facing toward the laminated core form a first stop face aligned in a vertical direction, the laminated core including the conductor elements aligned in a positioned manner with the longitudinal axis having a horizontal alignment comes with its first front face into flush contact in an axial direction with the first stop faces of the first support elements, a plurality of second support elements arranged spread over the circumference and configured in a rod shape with their second ends facing the longitudinal axis are readjusted from a position not overlapping an outer circumference of the laminated core in a direction toward the longitudinal axis to a position overlapping section by section the second front face in a direction toward the longitudinal axis to such an extent that the second ends are located on the side facing away from the longitudinal axis as well as just outside of the conductor elements accommodated in the receiving grooves and the second support elements at their sides respectively facing the laminated core form a second stop face aligned in a vertical direction, the second support elements with their second stop faces in an axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis are readjusted in a direction toward the laminated core until a majority of the second stop faces are in flush contact with the second front face, the first support elements are readjusted further in a direction toward the longitudinal axis, wherein preferably at least one of the first support elements is readjusted into each open space located between the conductor elements in a circumferential direction, and the second support elements are also readjusted further in a direction toward the longitudinal axis, wherein preferably at least one of the second support elements is readjusted into each open space located between the conductor elements in a circumferential direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first support elements or the second support elements, or both are readjusted into the open spaces respectively located between the conductor elements in a circumferential direction to such an extent that the open spaces between the individual conductor elements are fully or at least almost fully filled out. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the readjustment of the first support elements and of the second support elements is carried out respectively in a radial direction. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core including the conductor elements aligned in a positioned manner is accommodated by a holding arm of a holding device before its first front face comes into flush contact with the first stop faces of the first support elements, wherein holding elements located at the holding arm and readjustable in a radial direction are pushed against an inner surface of the laminated core. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the respective end portions of the conductor elements of the at least one layer, which end portions are aligned in a positioned manner and protrude beyond the laminated core, are subjected by at least one pressure element of a pressure device to a pressure built up by the at least one pressure element readjustable at least in a radial direction and are thus held in a direction of the longitudinal extent of the receiving grooves positioned with respect to the laminated core. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core including the conductor elements aligned in a positioned manner is aligned in a positioned manner in a circumferential direction with respect to a target position before its first front face comes into flush contact with the first stop faces of the first support elements. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core including the conductor elements aligned in a positioned manner is pivoted from a position of the longitudinal axis having a vertical alignment to the position of the longitudinal axis having a horizontal alignment before its first front face comes into flush contact with the first stop faces of the first support elements. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first support elements are arranged or configured respectively at least in pairs at a first slider element and the second support elements are arranged or configured respectively at least in respective pairs at a second slider element. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a first retaining projection is arranged or configured respectively at the first support elements, in particular at the first slider elements, and a second retaining projection is arranged or configured respectively at the second support elements, in particular at the second slider elements. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the first front face of the laminated core has come into flush contact with and is supported by the first stop faces of the first support elements, and with the first support elements being in the position in a circumferential direction in the open spaces respectively located between the conductor elements, the laminated core including the conductor elements is held clamped by the first support elements or the first retaining projections, or both. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the second stop faces of the second support elements have come into axial flush contact with and are supported by the second front face of the laminated core and before the further radial readjustment movement of the second support elements into the open spaces respectively located between the conductor elements or after this readjustment movement, the holding elements pushed against the inner surface of the laminated core are readjusted away from the inner surface and the holding arm of the holding device is readjusted in an axial direction out of the interior of the laminated core. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein after the second stop faces of the second support elements have come into flush contact with and are supported by the second front face of the laminated core, and with the second support elements being in the position in a circumferential direction in the open spaces respectively located between the conductor elements, the laminated core including the conductor elements is held clamped by the second support elements or the second retaining projections, or both. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first support elements, in particular the first slider elements, are readjusted in a radial direction by a first drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive, and the second support elements, in particular the second slider elements, are readjusted also in a radial direction by a second drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first support elements, in particular the first slider elements, are arranged positioned in place in an axial direction and the first stop faces form a reference plane having a vertical alignment. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least the second support elements, in particular at least the second slider elements, are readjustable in an axial direction with respect to the first support elements, in particular with respect to the first slider elements. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least the second support elements, in particular the second slider elements, are readjusted together in an axial direction by a third drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core located in an axial direction between the first support elements and the second support elements is pushed against the first support elements by the second support elements in an axial direction. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein an axial distance in a normal direction between the first and second stop faces is acquired with the laminated core located between the first support elements and the second support elements and with the first stop faces in flush contact with the first front face and the second stop face in flush contact with the second front face of the laminated core. 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laminated core aligned in a positioned manner by the first and second support elements is transported at least including the support elements to a downstream deforming station for deforming the end portions of the conductor elements protruding respectively beyond the two front faces. 20. A device for the positioned holding of a laminated core including at least one layer accommodated in the laminated core, which layer is made up of several conductor elements arranged spread over the circumference of the laminated core and configured as rods for forming a stator or a rotor of an electric machine and for carrying out the method of claim 1, wherein the device comprises:
a first holding unit with a plurality of first support elements arranged spread over the circumference and configured in a rod shape, wherein a first stop face aligned in a vertical direction is formed by the first support elements at their sides which are respectively turnable toward the laminated core and the first support elements are readjustably guided in a radial direction at the first holding unit, a second holding unit with a plurality of second support elements arranged spread over the circumference and configured in a rod shape, wherein a second stop face aligned in a vertical direction is formed by the second support elements at their sides which are respectively turnable toward the laminated core and the second support elements are readjustably guided in a radial direction at the second holding unit, and at least one of the two holding units is readjustably guided at a base frame in a normal direction with respect to the stop faces with respect to the other holding unit. 21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the first support elements are arranged or configured respectively at least in pairs at a first slider element and the second support elements are arranged or configured respectively at least in pairs at a second slider element and the first slider elements are guided at the first holding unit and the second slider elements are guided at the second holding unit. 22. The device according to claim 20, wherein a first retaining projection is arranged or configured respectively at the first support elements, in particular at the first slider elements, and a second retaining projection is arranged or configured respectively at the second support elements, in particular at the second slider elements, and the first retaining projections and the second retaining projections are arranged at sides of the support elements, in particular of the slider elements, respectively facing each other. 23. The device according to claim 20, wherein the first support elements, in particular the first slider elements, are in drive connection with a first drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive, and the second support elements, in particular the second slider elements, are in drive connection with a second drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive, and the drive devices can carry out the readjustment movements in a radial direction. 24. The device according to claim 20, wherein the first holding unit is arranged positioned in place at the base frame and the first stop faces of the first support elements form a reference plane with a vertical alignment. 25. The device according to claim 20, wherein at least the second holding unit is readjustably guided at the base frame in an axial direction with respect to the first holding unit and the second holding unit is in drive connection with a third drive device, in particular a cylinder-piston configuration, a servo drive. | 1,700 |
345,592 | 16,643,491 | 2,886 | An irradiation unit configured to scan and irradiate a sample with pulse waves; a reception unit configured to receive reflected waves of the pulse waves from the sample; a waveform generation unit configured to generate time waveforms of a signal representing the reflected waves at respective scan positions of the pulse waves; and a waveform correction unit configured to detect at least one peak in each of the time waveforms, and correct each of the time waveforms on a basis of each of positions of the at least one peak in the time waveforms are included. | 1. An optical measurement apparatus comprising: an irradiation unit configured to irradiate a sample mounted on a mounting surface with pulse waves while changing the respective irradiation positions along said mounting surface;
a reception unit configured to receive reflected waves of said pulse waves from said sample; a waveform generation unit configured to generate time waveforms of a signal representing said reflected waves at respective ones of said irradiation positions; and a waveform correction unit configured to detect at least one peak in each of said time waveforms, and correct each of said time waveforms on a basis of each of positions of said at least one peak in said time waveforms. 2. The optical measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said waveform correction unit includes
a correction waveform determination unit configured to determine one rime waveform serving as a reference for correction among said time waveforms; and a time coordinate correction unit configured to determine a reference peak as a reference for correction from said at least one peak in each of said time waveforms, and correct lime coordinates of said other time waveforms to align the position of said reference peak in each of the other time waveforms with that of said reference peak in said one time waveform. 3. The optical measurement apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said time coordinate correction unit determines said reference peak on a basis of the position and an amplitude of said at least one peak and a number of said at least one peak in each of said time waveforms. 4. The optical measurement apparatus according to claim 1, comprising an image generation unit configured to generate a tomographic image of said sample on a basis of said time waveforms corrected by said waveform correction unit. 5. A measurement method for an optimal measurement apparatus comprising the steps of:
a scanning step for irradiating a sample mounted on a mounting surface with pulse waves while changing the respective irradiation positions along said mounting surface; a receiving step for receiving reflected wives of said pulse waves from said sample; a generating step for generating time waveforms of a signal representing said reflected waves at respective ones of said irradiation positions; and a correcting step for detecting at least one peak in each of said time waveforms, and correcting each of said time waveforms on a bas s of each of positions of said at least one peak in said time waveforms. 6. (canceled) 7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing an optical measurement apparatus to execute the steps of:
a scanning step for irradiating a sample mounted on a mounting surface with pulse waves while changing the respective irradiation positions along said mounting surface; a receiving step for receiving reflected waves of said pulse waves from said sample; a generating step for generating time waveforms of a signal representing said reflected waves at respective ones of said irradiation positions; and a correcting step for detecting at least one peak in each of said time waveforms, and correct each of said time waveforms on a basis of each of positions of said at least one peak in said time waveforms. | An irradiation unit configured to scan and irradiate a sample with pulse waves; a reception unit configured to receive reflected waves of the pulse waves from the sample; a waveform generation unit configured to generate time waveforms of a signal representing the reflected waves at respective scan positions of the pulse waves; and a waveform correction unit configured to detect at least one peak in each of the time waveforms, and correct each of the time waveforms on a basis of each of positions of the at least one peak in the time waveforms are included.1. An optical measurement apparatus comprising: an irradiation unit configured to irradiate a sample mounted on a mounting surface with pulse waves while changing the respective irradiation positions along said mounting surface;
a reception unit configured to receive reflected waves of said pulse waves from said sample; a waveform generation unit configured to generate time waveforms of a signal representing said reflected waves at respective ones of said irradiation positions; and a waveform correction unit configured to detect at least one peak in each of said time waveforms, and correct each of said time waveforms on a basis of each of positions of said at least one peak in said time waveforms. 2. The optical measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said waveform correction unit includes
a correction waveform determination unit configured to determine one rime waveform serving as a reference for correction among said time waveforms; and a time coordinate correction unit configured to determine a reference peak as a reference for correction from said at least one peak in each of said time waveforms, and correct lime coordinates of said other time waveforms to align the position of said reference peak in each of the other time waveforms with that of said reference peak in said one time waveform. 3. The optical measurement apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said time coordinate correction unit determines said reference peak on a basis of the position and an amplitude of said at least one peak and a number of said at least one peak in each of said time waveforms. 4. The optical measurement apparatus according to claim 1, comprising an image generation unit configured to generate a tomographic image of said sample on a basis of said time waveforms corrected by said waveform correction unit. 5. A measurement method for an optimal measurement apparatus comprising the steps of:
a scanning step for irradiating a sample mounted on a mounting surface with pulse waves while changing the respective irradiation positions along said mounting surface; a receiving step for receiving reflected wives of said pulse waves from said sample; a generating step for generating time waveforms of a signal representing said reflected waves at respective ones of said irradiation positions; and a correcting step for detecting at least one peak in each of said time waveforms, and correcting each of said time waveforms on a bas s of each of positions of said at least one peak in said time waveforms. 6. (canceled) 7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing an optical measurement apparatus to execute the steps of:
a scanning step for irradiating a sample mounted on a mounting surface with pulse waves while changing the respective irradiation positions along said mounting surface; a receiving step for receiving reflected waves of said pulse waves from said sample; a generating step for generating time waveforms of a signal representing said reflected waves at respective ones of said irradiation positions; and a correcting step for detecting at least one peak in each of said time waveforms, and correct each of said time waveforms on a basis of each of positions of said at least one peak in said time waveforms. | 2,800 |
345,593 | 16,804,025 | 3,619 | The method includes an IT custom-defined chargeback system which makes service consumer and revenue producing business unites aware of the costs of IT. This custom defined chargeback model allows to control escalating cost, improve decision-making, align behavior with organizational goals and lead to effective use of it. Service consumer selects the cloud plans based on cloud pricing and requirement of resources. User consumes all these resources under the supervision of cloud brain. If consumer crosses threshold value of resources consumption or cost, an alerts messages sent to managers and they take appropriate decision so that cloud resources should get used efficiently. Threshold validation and cloud bill assessment plays as very important role which gives clear cut idea about cloud resources consumption by each team. Admin analyze the monthly cloud bills and generates team wise chargeback reports. Manager of each team receives chargeback report for his team, as per the report managers take appropriate decision to improve the effective utilization of cloud resources. | 1. A custom-based chargeback in cloud computing comprises of: Business units;
selection of cloud plans; threshold validation with monitoring of & consumption of cloud services; warnings/notification messages; cloud wise bill generation; chargeback report generation; decision making by manager based on chargeback report. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein organization consists of business teams; each team select desired cloud services plans; that may be subscription budget plan or pay-as-you-go plan. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein business teams consumes cloud resources;
cloud brain monitors consumption of cloud resources or cost for threshold value; 4. The method of claim 2, wherein cloud resources or cost crosses threshold point, warning messages send to managers; managers take appropriate decision;
cloud resources utilization efficiently among the team members. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein cloud bill generats and admin analyses it and generate chargeback reposts for each team; manager will take appropriate decision based on chargeback and help the organization for efficient use of cloud resources. | The method includes an IT custom-defined chargeback system which makes service consumer and revenue producing business unites aware of the costs of IT. This custom defined chargeback model allows to control escalating cost, improve decision-making, align behavior with organizational goals and lead to effective use of it. Service consumer selects the cloud plans based on cloud pricing and requirement of resources. User consumes all these resources under the supervision of cloud brain. If consumer crosses threshold value of resources consumption or cost, an alerts messages sent to managers and they take appropriate decision so that cloud resources should get used efficiently. Threshold validation and cloud bill assessment plays as very important role which gives clear cut idea about cloud resources consumption by each team. Admin analyze the monthly cloud bills and generates team wise chargeback reports. Manager of each team receives chargeback report for his team, as per the report managers take appropriate decision to improve the effective utilization of cloud resources.1. A custom-based chargeback in cloud computing comprises of: Business units;
selection of cloud plans; threshold validation with monitoring of & consumption of cloud services; warnings/notification messages; cloud wise bill generation; chargeback report generation; decision making by manager based on chargeback report. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein organization consists of business teams; each team select desired cloud services plans; that may be subscription budget plan or pay-as-you-go plan. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein business teams consumes cloud resources;
cloud brain monitors consumption of cloud resources or cost for threshold value; 4. The method of claim 2, wherein cloud resources or cost crosses threshold point, warning messages send to managers; managers take appropriate decision;
cloud resources utilization efficiently among the team members. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein cloud bill generats and admin analyses it and generate chargeback reposts for each team; manager will take appropriate decision based on chargeback and help the organization for efficient use of cloud resources. | 3,600 |
345,594 | 16,804,002 | 3,619 | A connector includes a first housing, a second housing and a fitting assuring member. The second housing includes a first locking protrusion portion having a first slope. The fitting assuring member includes a first assuring locking portion that gets over the first locking protrusion portion to be thereby locked to the first locking protrusion portion when the first housing and the second housing are fitted to each other. The first assuring locking portion begins to slide on the first slope before completion of the fitting, and stays on the first slope until the completion of the fitting. | 1. A connector comprising:
a first housing; a second housing fitted to the first housing; and a fitting assuring member slidably attached to an outside of the first housing, the second housing including a first locking protrusion portion having a first slope, the fitting assuring member including a first assuring locking portion sliding on the first slope to be elastically deformed in accordance with relative movement to the second housing, the first assuring locking portion being configured to slide and move relatively to the first housing to get over the first locking protrusion portion and be elastically restored to be locked to the first locking protrusion upon the first housing and the second housing being fitted to each other, the first assuring locking portion beginning to slide on the first slope before completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing, the first assuring locking portion staying on the first slope until the completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing. 2. The connector according to claim 1, wherein
the first housing includes a connector locking portion sliding on the first slope to be elastically deformed in accordance with relative movement to the second housing, the connector locking portion is configured to get over the first locking protrusion portion and be elastically restored to be locked to the first locking protrusion portion, the first housing and the second housing are brought into a connector fitting state in which the first housing and the second housing are completely fitted to each other when the connector locking portion is locked to the first locking protrusion portion, the first assuring locking portion begins to slide on the first slope while the connector locking portion stays on the first slope, and in the connector fitting state the first assuring locking portion gets over the first locking protrusion portion and the connector locking portion and is elastically restored and locked to the connector locking portion locked to the first locking protrusion portion. 3. The connector according to claim 2, wherein
the second housing includes a second locking protrusion portion in a different position from the first locking protrusion portion, the second locking protrusion portion has a second slope, the fitting assuring member includes a second assuring locking portion sliding on the second slope to be elastically deformed in accordance with relative movement to the second housing, the second assuring locking portion is configured to slide and move relatively to the first housing in the connector fitting state to get over the second locking protrusion portion and be elastically restored to be locked to the second locking protrusion, the second assuring locking portion begins to slide on the second slope while the connector locking portion stays on the first slope, the second assuring locking portion stays on the second slope until the first housing and the second housing are brought into the connector fitting state. 4. The connector according to claim 2, wherein
the first housing includes a locking covering portion in a position where the connector locking portion is allowed to be elastically deformed by the first slope, the locking covering portion covers an outside of the connector locking portion. 5. The connector according to claim 1, wherein
the first housing includes a looseness preventing piece supported to the first housing and having a cantilevered-shape; the second housing includes a preventing piece regulating portion inserted inside the looseness preventing piece to regulate inward displacement of the looseness preventing piece when the completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing, the fitting assuring member includes a preventing piece pressing portion holding the looseness preventing piece between the preventing piece pressing portion and the preventing piece regulating portion while pressing the looseness preventing piece inward in accordance with sliding movement of the fitting assuring member relative to the first housing, the sliding movement of the fitting assuring member to a position where the preventing piece pressing portion presses the looseness preventing piece is allowed in the connector fitting state. 6. The connector according to claim 1, further comprising:
a retainer attached to an outside of the first housing, wherein the first housing includes a locking groove group including a formal locking groove and a temporary locking groove sandwiching a partition, the partition is partially absent or lower in height than a central portion of the partition on one end side of the locking groove group, the retainer includes a straight-line-shaped retainer protrusion selectively entering the formal locking groove or the temporary locking groove to engage with the locking groove group, the retainer protrusion is configured to get over the partition to move between the formal locking groove and the temporary locking groove by a bend of the retainer. 7. A connector unit comprising:
a first housing fitting to a second housing having a locking protrusion portion including a slope; and a fitting assuring member slidably attached to an outside of the first housing, the fitting assuring member including an assuring locking portion sliding on the slope to be elastically deformed in accordance with relative movement to the second housing, the assuring locking portion being configured to slide and move relatively to the first housing to get over the locking protrusion portion and be elastically restored to be locked to the locking protrusion portion upon the first housing and the second housing being fitted to each other, the assuring locking portion beginning to slide on the slope before completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing, the assuring locking portion staying on the slope until the completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing. | A connector includes a first housing, a second housing and a fitting assuring member. The second housing includes a first locking protrusion portion having a first slope. The fitting assuring member includes a first assuring locking portion that gets over the first locking protrusion portion to be thereby locked to the first locking protrusion portion when the first housing and the second housing are fitted to each other. The first assuring locking portion begins to slide on the first slope before completion of the fitting, and stays on the first slope until the completion of the fitting.1. A connector comprising:
a first housing; a second housing fitted to the first housing; and a fitting assuring member slidably attached to an outside of the first housing, the second housing including a first locking protrusion portion having a first slope, the fitting assuring member including a first assuring locking portion sliding on the first slope to be elastically deformed in accordance with relative movement to the second housing, the first assuring locking portion being configured to slide and move relatively to the first housing to get over the first locking protrusion portion and be elastically restored to be locked to the first locking protrusion upon the first housing and the second housing being fitted to each other, the first assuring locking portion beginning to slide on the first slope before completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing, the first assuring locking portion staying on the first slope until the completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing. 2. The connector according to claim 1, wherein
the first housing includes a connector locking portion sliding on the first slope to be elastically deformed in accordance with relative movement to the second housing, the connector locking portion is configured to get over the first locking protrusion portion and be elastically restored to be locked to the first locking protrusion portion, the first housing and the second housing are brought into a connector fitting state in which the first housing and the second housing are completely fitted to each other when the connector locking portion is locked to the first locking protrusion portion, the first assuring locking portion begins to slide on the first slope while the connector locking portion stays on the first slope, and in the connector fitting state the first assuring locking portion gets over the first locking protrusion portion and the connector locking portion and is elastically restored and locked to the connector locking portion locked to the first locking protrusion portion. 3. The connector according to claim 2, wherein
the second housing includes a second locking protrusion portion in a different position from the first locking protrusion portion, the second locking protrusion portion has a second slope, the fitting assuring member includes a second assuring locking portion sliding on the second slope to be elastically deformed in accordance with relative movement to the second housing, the second assuring locking portion is configured to slide and move relatively to the first housing in the connector fitting state to get over the second locking protrusion portion and be elastically restored to be locked to the second locking protrusion, the second assuring locking portion begins to slide on the second slope while the connector locking portion stays on the first slope, the second assuring locking portion stays on the second slope until the first housing and the second housing are brought into the connector fitting state. 4. The connector according to claim 2, wherein
the first housing includes a locking covering portion in a position where the connector locking portion is allowed to be elastically deformed by the first slope, the locking covering portion covers an outside of the connector locking portion. 5. The connector according to claim 1, wherein
the first housing includes a looseness preventing piece supported to the first housing and having a cantilevered-shape; the second housing includes a preventing piece regulating portion inserted inside the looseness preventing piece to regulate inward displacement of the looseness preventing piece when the completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing, the fitting assuring member includes a preventing piece pressing portion holding the looseness preventing piece between the preventing piece pressing portion and the preventing piece regulating portion while pressing the looseness preventing piece inward in accordance with sliding movement of the fitting assuring member relative to the first housing, the sliding movement of the fitting assuring member to a position where the preventing piece pressing portion presses the looseness preventing piece is allowed in the connector fitting state. 6. The connector according to claim 1, further comprising:
a retainer attached to an outside of the first housing, wherein the first housing includes a locking groove group including a formal locking groove and a temporary locking groove sandwiching a partition, the partition is partially absent or lower in height than a central portion of the partition on one end side of the locking groove group, the retainer includes a straight-line-shaped retainer protrusion selectively entering the formal locking groove or the temporary locking groove to engage with the locking groove group, the retainer protrusion is configured to get over the partition to move between the formal locking groove and the temporary locking groove by a bend of the retainer. 7. A connector unit comprising:
a first housing fitting to a second housing having a locking protrusion portion including a slope; and a fitting assuring member slidably attached to an outside of the first housing, the fitting assuring member including an assuring locking portion sliding on the slope to be elastically deformed in accordance with relative movement to the second housing, the assuring locking portion being configured to slide and move relatively to the first housing to get over the locking protrusion portion and be elastically restored to be locked to the locking protrusion portion upon the first housing and the second housing being fitted to each other, the assuring locking portion beginning to slide on the slope before completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing, the assuring locking portion staying on the slope until the completion of the fitting between the first housing and the second housing. | 3,600 |
345,595 | 16,804,015 | 3,619 | Coated articles include two or more functional infrared (IR) reflecting layers optionally sandwiched between at least dielectric layers. The dielectric layers may be of or including silicon nitride or the like. At least one of the IR reflecting layers is of or including titanium nitride (e.g., TiN) and at least another of the IR reflecting layers is of or including indium-tin-oxide (ITO). | 1-30. (canceled) 31. A coated article including a coating supported by a glass substrate, the coating comprising:
a first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate; a first infrared (IR) reflecting layer comprising ITO on the glass substrate, wherein the first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the glass substrate and the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second layer IR reflecting layer comprising a nitride of titanium on the glass substrate over at least the first and second dielectric layers comprising silicon nitride, so that the second dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; a third dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; wherein the coating contains no IR reflecting layer based on silver, and contains only two IR reflecting layers; wherein the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO is from 250-450 Å thick, and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium is from 130-300 Å thick; and wherein the coated article measured monolithically has: a visible transmission from about 15-80%, a film side visible reflectance no greater than 10%, a glass side visible reflectance no greater than about 30%, a glass side reflective a* value of from −10.0 to +1.6, and a light-to-solar gain ratio (LSG) of at least 1.10. 32. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium comprises TiNX, where x is from 0.8 to 1.2. 33. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium comprises TiNX, where x is from 0.9 to 1.1. 34. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the second IR reflecting layer contains from 0-8% oxygen (atomic %). 35. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the second IR reflecting layer contains from 0-5% oxygen (atomic %). 36. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride directly contacts the glass substrate and the first IR reflecting layer. 37. The coated article of claim 36, wherein the first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride further comprises oxygen. 38. The coated article of claim 31, where the second IR reflecting layer consists essentially of the nitride of titanium. 39. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the coating further comprises an overcoat comprising an oxide of zirconium. 40. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the coated article has a visible transmission from about 20-70%, and a light-to-solar gain ratio (LSG) of at least 1.15. 41. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the coated article has a film side visible reflectance no greater than 5%. 42. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the glass substrate is a clear glass substrate. 43. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the coated article is a monolithic window. 44. A coated article including a coating supported by a glass substrate, the coating comprising:
a first infrared (IR) reflecting layer comprising ITO supported by the glass substrate; a dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second layer IR reflecting layer comprising a nitride of titanium on the glass substrate over at least the dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride, so that the dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; another dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; wherein the coating contains no IR reflecting layer based on silver, and contains only two IR reflecting layers; and wherein the coating has a normal emittance (En) value of no greater than 0.30; wherein the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO is from 250-450 Å thick, and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium is from 130-300 Å thick. 45. A coated article including a coating supported by a glass substrate, the coating comprising:
a first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate; a first infrared (IR) reflecting layer comprising ITO on the glass substrate, wherein the first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the glass substrate and the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second layer IR reflecting layer comprising a nitride of titanium on the glass substrate over at least the first and second dielectric layers comprising silicon nitride, so that the second dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; a third dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; wherein the coating contains no IR reflecting layer based on silver, and contains only two IR reflecting layers; wherein the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO is from 250-450 Å thick, and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium is from 130-300 Å thick; and wherein the coated article measured monolithically has a visible transmission from about 15-80%. | Coated articles include two or more functional infrared (IR) reflecting layers optionally sandwiched between at least dielectric layers. The dielectric layers may be of or including silicon nitride or the like. At least one of the IR reflecting layers is of or including titanium nitride (e.g., TiN) and at least another of the IR reflecting layers is of or including indium-tin-oxide (ITO).1-30. (canceled) 31. A coated article including a coating supported by a glass substrate, the coating comprising:
a first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate; a first infrared (IR) reflecting layer comprising ITO on the glass substrate, wherein the first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the glass substrate and the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second layer IR reflecting layer comprising a nitride of titanium on the glass substrate over at least the first and second dielectric layers comprising silicon nitride, so that the second dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; a third dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; wherein the coating contains no IR reflecting layer based on silver, and contains only two IR reflecting layers; wherein the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO is from 250-450 Å thick, and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium is from 130-300 Å thick; and wherein the coated article measured monolithically has: a visible transmission from about 15-80%, a film side visible reflectance no greater than 10%, a glass side visible reflectance no greater than about 30%, a glass side reflective a* value of from −10.0 to +1.6, and a light-to-solar gain ratio (LSG) of at least 1.10. 32. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium comprises TiNX, where x is from 0.8 to 1.2. 33. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium comprises TiNX, where x is from 0.9 to 1.1. 34. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the second IR reflecting layer contains from 0-8% oxygen (atomic %). 35. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the second IR reflecting layer contains from 0-5% oxygen (atomic %). 36. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride directly contacts the glass substrate and the first IR reflecting layer. 37. The coated article of claim 36, wherein the first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride further comprises oxygen. 38. The coated article of claim 31, where the second IR reflecting layer consists essentially of the nitride of titanium. 39. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the coating further comprises an overcoat comprising an oxide of zirconium. 40. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the coated article has a visible transmission from about 20-70%, and a light-to-solar gain ratio (LSG) of at least 1.15. 41. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the coated article has a film side visible reflectance no greater than 5%. 42. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the glass substrate is a clear glass substrate. 43. The coated article of claim 31, wherein the coated article is a monolithic window. 44. A coated article including a coating supported by a glass substrate, the coating comprising:
a first infrared (IR) reflecting layer comprising ITO supported by the glass substrate; a dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second layer IR reflecting layer comprising a nitride of titanium on the glass substrate over at least the dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride, so that the dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; another dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; wherein the coating contains no IR reflecting layer based on silver, and contains only two IR reflecting layers; and wherein the coating has a normal emittance (En) value of no greater than 0.30; wherein the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO is from 250-450 Å thick, and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium is from 130-300 Å thick. 45. A coated article including a coating supported by a glass substrate, the coating comprising:
a first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate; a first infrared (IR) reflecting layer comprising ITO on the glass substrate, wherein the first dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the glass substrate and the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO; a second layer IR reflecting layer comprising a nitride of titanium on the glass substrate over at least the first and second dielectric layers comprising silicon nitride, so that the second dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride is located between at least the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; a third dielectric layer comprising silicon nitride on the glass substrate over at least the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium; wherein the coating contains no IR reflecting layer based on silver, and contains only two IR reflecting layers; wherein the first IR reflecting layer comprising ITO is from 250-450 Å thick, and the second IR reflecting layer comprising the nitride of titanium is from 130-300 Å thick; and wherein the coated article measured monolithically has a visible transmission from about 15-80%. | 3,600 |
345,596 | 16,643,453 | 3,619 | A semiconductor device with favorable reliability is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first insulator; a second insulator positioned over the first insulator; an oxide positioned over the second insulator; a first conductor and a second conductor positioned apart from each other over the oxide; a third insulator positioned over the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; a third conductor positioned over the third insulator and at least partly overlapping with a region between the first conductor and the second conductor; a fourth insulator positioned to cover the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the third insulator, and the third conductor; a fifth insulator positioned over the fourth insulator; and a sixth insulator positioned over the fifth insulator. An opening reaching the second insulator is formed in at least part of the fourth insulator; the fifth insulator is in contact with the second insulator through the opening; and the first insulator, the fourth insulator, and the sixth insulator have a lower oxygen permeability than the second insulator. | 1. A semiconductor device by comprising:
a first insulator; a second insulator over the first insulator; an oxide over the second insulator; a first conductor and a second conductor apart from each other over the oxide; a third insulator over the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; a third conductor over the third insulator and at least partly overlapping with a region between the first conductor and the second conductor; a fourth insulator covering the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the third insulator, and the third conductor; a fifth insulator over the fourth insulator; and a sixth insulator over the fifth insulator, wherein an opening reaching the second insulator is formed in part of the fourth insulator, wherein the fifth insulator is in contact with the second insulator through the opening, and wherein the first insulator, the fourth insulator, and the sixth insulator have a lower oxygen permeability than the second insulator. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with a side surface of the oxide, a side surface of the first conductor, a side surface of the second conductor, and a top surface of the second insulator. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first insulator, the fourth insulator, and the sixth insulator are oxides containing at least one of aluminum and hafnium. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a seventh insulator is between the second insulator, the oxide, and the first conductor and the third insulator and the fourth insulator, wherein an eighth insulator is between the second insulator, the oxide, and the second conductor and the third insulator and the fourth insulator, and wherein the seventh insulator and the eighth insulator have a lower oxygen permeability than the second insulator. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein a side surface of the seventh insulator or the eighth insulator is substantially aligned with an edge of the opening formed in the fourth insulator. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein the seventh insulator and the eighth insulator are oxides containing at least one of aluminum and hafnium. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 wherein the oxide contains In and an element M, and wherein M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 7, that:
wherein the oxide contains Zn, and wherein an atomic ratio of Zn in the oxide is smaller than an atomic ratio of In in the oxide. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 wherein the oxide has crystallinity. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 wherein the first conductor and the second conductor include at least one of tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, a nitride containing titanium and aluminum, a nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, an oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, and an oxide containing lanthanum and nickel. 11. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first insulator; a second insulator over the first insulator; a first oxide over the second insulator and comprising, in part of the first oxide, a region where the second insulator is exposed; a second oxide over the first oxide and in contact with the second insulator via the region where the second insulator is exposed; a third oxide over the second oxide; a first conductor and a second conductor apart from each other over the third oxide; a third insulator over the third oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; a third conductor over the third insulator and at least partly overlapping with a region between the first conductor and the second conductor; a fourth insulator covering the third oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the third insulator, and the third conductor; a fifth insulator over the fourth insulator; and a sixth insulator over the fifth insulator, wherein an opening reaching the second insulator is formed in part of the fourth insulator, wherein the fifth insulator is in contact with the second insulator through the opening, wherein the first insulator, the fourth insulator, and the sixth insulator have a lower oxygen permeability than the second insulator, and wherein the first oxide has a lower oxygen permeability than the second oxide. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 11,
wherein the first oxide to the third oxide contain In, an element M, and Zn, wherein an atomic ratio of the element M in the first oxide is larger than an atomic ratio of the element M in the second oxide, wherein an atomic ratio of In in the third oxide is larger than an atomic ratio of In in the second oxide, and wherein M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 13. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
depositing a first insulating film, a second insulating film, a first oxide film, a second oxide film, and a first conductive film in this order over a substrate; selectively removing part of the first oxide film, part of the second oxide film, and part of the first conductive film to form an oxide, a first conductor, and a second conductor over the second insulating film; depositing a third insulating film and a second conductive film in this order over the second insulating film, the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; selectively removing part of the third insulating film and part of the second conductive film to form a first insulator and a third conductor; depositing a fourth insulating film by an ALD method to cover the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the first insulator, and the third conductor; selectively removing part of the fourth insulating film to form an opening reaching the second insulating film in at least part of the fourth insulating film; depositing a fifth insulating film over the fourth insulating film; depositing a sixth insulating film over the fifth insulating film by a sputtering method in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; and performing heat treatment, wherein the first insulating film, the fourth insulating film, and the sixth insulating film have a lower oxygen permittivity than the second insulating film. 14. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
depositing a first insulating film, a second insulating film, a first oxide film, a second oxide film, and a first conductive film in this order over a substrate; selectively removing part of the first oxide film, part of the second oxide film, and part of the first conductive film to form an oxide, a first conductor, and a second conductor over the second insulating film; depositing a third insulating film and a second conductive film in this order over the second insulating film, the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; selectively removing part of the third insulating film and part of the second conductive film to form a first insulator and a third conductor; depositing a fourth insulating film by an ALD method to cover the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the first insulator, and the third conductor; selectively removing part of the fourth insulating film to form an opening reaching the second insulating film in part of the fourth insulating film; depositing a fifth insulating film over the fourth insulating film; adding oxygen from above the fifth insulating film by an ion implantation method; depositing a sixth insulating film over the fifth insulating film by a sputtering method in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; and performing heat treatment, wherein the first insulating film, the fourth insulating film, and the sixth insulating film have a lower oxygen permittivity than the second insulating film. 15. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
depositing a first insulating film, a second insulating film, a first oxide film, a second oxide film, and a first conductive film in this order over a substrate; selectively removing part of the first oxide film, part of the second oxide film, and part of the first conductive film to form an oxide, a first conductor, and a second conductor over the second insulating film; depositing a third insulating film and a second conductive film in this order over the second insulating film, the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; selectively removing part of the third insulating film and part of the second conductive film to form a first insulator and a third conductor; depositing a fourth insulating film by an ALD method to cover the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the first insulator, and the third conductor; selectively removing part of the fourth insulating film to form an opening reaching the second insulating film in part of the fourth insulating film; depositing a fifth insulating film over the fourth insulating film; depositing a sixth insulating film over the fifth insulating film by a sputtering method in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; adding oxygen from above the sixth insulating film by an ion implantation method; and performing heat treatment, wherein the first insulating film, the fourth insulating film, and the sixth insulating film have a lower oxygen permittivity than the second insulating film. 16. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13,
wherein heat treatment is performed before the third insulating film is deposited, and wherein the third insulating film is deposited without exposure to an air after the heat treatment. 17. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13,
wherein the oxide film is deposited by a sputtering method using a target containing In and an element M, and wherein M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 18. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17,
wherein the target contains Zn, and wherein an atomic ratio of Zn in the target is smaller than an atomic ratio of In in the target. 19. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17,
wherein the deposition of the oxide film by sputtering is performed while the substrate is heated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. 20. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13,
wherein the first insulating film, the fourth insulating film, and the sixth insulating film are oxides containing at least one of aluminum and hafnium. | A semiconductor device with favorable reliability is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first insulator; a second insulator positioned over the first insulator; an oxide positioned over the second insulator; a first conductor and a second conductor positioned apart from each other over the oxide; a third insulator positioned over the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; a third conductor positioned over the third insulator and at least partly overlapping with a region between the first conductor and the second conductor; a fourth insulator positioned to cover the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the third insulator, and the third conductor; a fifth insulator positioned over the fourth insulator; and a sixth insulator positioned over the fifth insulator. An opening reaching the second insulator is formed in at least part of the fourth insulator; the fifth insulator is in contact with the second insulator through the opening; and the first insulator, the fourth insulator, and the sixth insulator have a lower oxygen permeability than the second insulator.1. A semiconductor device by comprising:
a first insulator; a second insulator over the first insulator; an oxide over the second insulator; a first conductor and a second conductor apart from each other over the oxide; a third insulator over the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; a third conductor over the third insulator and at least partly overlapping with a region between the first conductor and the second conductor; a fourth insulator covering the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the third insulator, and the third conductor; a fifth insulator over the fourth insulator; and a sixth insulator over the fifth insulator, wherein an opening reaching the second insulator is formed in part of the fourth insulator, wherein the fifth insulator is in contact with the second insulator through the opening, and wherein the first insulator, the fourth insulator, and the sixth insulator have a lower oxygen permeability than the second insulator. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with a side surface of the oxide, a side surface of the first conductor, a side surface of the second conductor, and a top surface of the second insulator. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first insulator, the fourth insulator, and the sixth insulator are oxides containing at least one of aluminum and hafnium. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a seventh insulator is between the second insulator, the oxide, and the first conductor and the third insulator and the fourth insulator, wherein an eighth insulator is between the second insulator, the oxide, and the second conductor and the third insulator and the fourth insulator, and wherein the seventh insulator and the eighth insulator have a lower oxygen permeability than the second insulator. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein a side surface of the seventh insulator or the eighth insulator is substantially aligned with an edge of the opening formed in the fourth insulator. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein the seventh insulator and the eighth insulator are oxides containing at least one of aluminum and hafnium. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 wherein the oxide contains In and an element M, and wherein M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 7, that:
wherein the oxide contains Zn, and wherein an atomic ratio of Zn in the oxide is smaller than an atomic ratio of In in the oxide. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 wherein the oxide has crystallinity. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1 wherein the first conductor and the second conductor include at least one of tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, a nitride containing titanium and aluminum, a nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, an oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, and an oxide containing lanthanum and nickel. 11. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first insulator; a second insulator over the first insulator; a first oxide over the second insulator and comprising, in part of the first oxide, a region where the second insulator is exposed; a second oxide over the first oxide and in contact with the second insulator via the region where the second insulator is exposed; a third oxide over the second oxide; a first conductor and a second conductor apart from each other over the third oxide; a third insulator over the third oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; a third conductor over the third insulator and at least partly overlapping with a region between the first conductor and the second conductor; a fourth insulator covering the third oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the third insulator, and the third conductor; a fifth insulator over the fourth insulator; and a sixth insulator over the fifth insulator, wherein an opening reaching the second insulator is formed in part of the fourth insulator, wherein the fifth insulator is in contact with the second insulator through the opening, wherein the first insulator, the fourth insulator, and the sixth insulator have a lower oxygen permeability than the second insulator, and wherein the first oxide has a lower oxygen permeability than the second oxide. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 11,
wherein the first oxide to the third oxide contain In, an element M, and Zn, wherein an atomic ratio of the element M in the first oxide is larger than an atomic ratio of the element M in the second oxide, wherein an atomic ratio of In in the third oxide is larger than an atomic ratio of In in the second oxide, and wherein M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 13. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
depositing a first insulating film, a second insulating film, a first oxide film, a second oxide film, and a first conductive film in this order over a substrate; selectively removing part of the first oxide film, part of the second oxide film, and part of the first conductive film to form an oxide, a first conductor, and a second conductor over the second insulating film; depositing a third insulating film and a second conductive film in this order over the second insulating film, the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; selectively removing part of the third insulating film and part of the second conductive film to form a first insulator and a third conductor; depositing a fourth insulating film by an ALD method to cover the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the first insulator, and the third conductor; selectively removing part of the fourth insulating film to form an opening reaching the second insulating film in at least part of the fourth insulating film; depositing a fifth insulating film over the fourth insulating film; depositing a sixth insulating film over the fifth insulating film by a sputtering method in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; and performing heat treatment, wherein the first insulating film, the fourth insulating film, and the sixth insulating film have a lower oxygen permittivity than the second insulating film. 14. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
depositing a first insulating film, a second insulating film, a first oxide film, a second oxide film, and a first conductive film in this order over a substrate; selectively removing part of the first oxide film, part of the second oxide film, and part of the first conductive film to form an oxide, a first conductor, and a second conductor over the second insulating film; depositing a third insulating film and a second conductive film in this order over the second insulating film, the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; selectively removing part of the third insulating film and part of the second conductive film to form a first insulator and a third conductor; depositing a fourth insulating film by an ALD method to cover the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the first insulator, and the third conductor; selectively removing part of the fourth insulating film to form an opening reaching the second insulating film in part of the fourth insulating film; depositing a fifth insulating film over the fourth insulating film; adding oxygen from above the fifth insulating film by an ion implantation method; depositing a sixth insulating film over the fifth insulating film by a sputtering method in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; and performing heat treatment, wherein the first insulating film, the fourth insulating film, and the sixth insulating film have a lower oxygen permittivity than the second insulating film. 15. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
depositing a first insulating film, a second insulating film, a first oxide film, a second oxide film, and a first conductive film in this order over a substrate; selectively removing part of the first oxide film, part of the second oxide film, and part of the first conductive film to form an oxide, a first conductor, and a second conductor over the second insulating film; depositing a third insulating film and a second conductive film in this order over the second insulating film, the oxide, the first conductor, and the second conductor; selectively removing part of the third insulating film and part of the second conductive film to form a first insulator and a third conductor; depositing a fourth insulating film by an ALD method to cover the oxide, the first conductor, the second conductor, the first insulator, and the third conductor; selectively removing part of the fourth insulating film to form an opening reaching the second insulating film in part of the fourth insulating film; depositing a fifth insulating film over the fourth insulating film; depositing a sixth insulating film over the fifth insulating film by a sputtering method in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; adding oxygen from above the sixth insulating film by an ion implantation method; and performing heat treatment, wherein the first insulating film, the fourth insulating film, and the sixth insulating film have a lower oxygen permittivity than the second insulating film. 16. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13,
wherein heat treatment is performed before the third insulating film is deposited, and wherein the third insulating film is deposited without exposure to an air after the heat treatment. 17. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13,
wherein the oxide film is deposited by a sputtering method using a target containing In and an element M, and wherein M is Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 18. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17,
wherein the target contains Zn, and wherein an atomic ratio of Zn in the target is smaller than an atomic ratio of In in the target. 19. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17,
wherein the deposition of the oxide film by sputtering is performed while the substrate is heated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. 20. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 13,
wherein the first insulating film, the fourth insulating film, and the sixth insulating film are oxides containing at least one of aluminum and hafnium. | 3,600 |
345,597 | 16,804,018 | 3,619 | The present invention relates to methods for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory disease using antibodies (e.g. monoclonal antibodies), antibody fragments, and derivatives thereof that specifically bind KIR3DL2. The invention also relates to antibodies, cells producing such antibodies; methods of making such antibodies; fragments, variants, and derivatives of the antibodies; pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. | 1. A method for the treatment or prevention of disease in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a composition comprising an antibody having (i) heavy chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the heavy chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and (ii) light chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the light chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said disease is a CD4+ T cell lymphoma. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said lymphoma is selected from Mycosis fungoides and Sezary Syndrome. 4. A method for the treatment or prevention of spondylarthritis in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a composition comprising an antibody having (i) heavy chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the heavy chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and (ii) light chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the light chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. 5. A method for identifying a KIR3DL2-expressing cell in a subject, the method comprising obtaining a biological sample from a subject comprising cells, bringing said cells into contact with an antibody and assessing whether the antibody binds to the cells, said antibody having (i) a heavy chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the heavy chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and (ii) a light chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the light chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. | The present invention relates to methods for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory disease using antibodies (e.g. monoclonal antibodies), antibody fragments, and derivatives thereof that specifically bind KIR3DL2. The invention also relates to antibodies, cells producing such antibodies; methods of making such antibodies; fragments, variants, and derivatives of the antibodies; pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.1. A method for the treatment or prevention of disease in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a composition comprising an antibody having (i) heavy chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the heavy chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and (ii) light chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the light chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said disease is a CD4+ T cell lymphoma. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said lymphoma is selected from Mycosis fungoides and Sezary Syndrome. 4. A method for the treatment or prevention of spondylarthritis in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of a composition comprising an antibody having (i) heavy chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the heavy chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and (ii) light chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the light chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. 5. A method for identifying a KIR3DL2-expressing cell in a subject, the method comprising obtaining a biological sample from a subject comprising cells, bringing said cells into contact with an antibody and assessing whether the antibody binds to the cells, said antibody having (i) a heavy chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the heavy chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and (ii) a light chain CDRs 1, 2 and 3 (LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3), according to the Kabat definition, of the light chain variable region sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. | 3,600 |
345,598 | 16,643,495 | 3,619 | A single-layer plastic composite board (20; 30; 40) is disclosed. The single-layer plastic composite board is a two-piece single-layer plastic composite board comprising a single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) and a stiffener (22; 32), wherein the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) has a main body portion (111; 211) and a peripheral portion located around the main body portion; the peripheral portion bends towards the back of the main body portion in a direction perpendicular to the main body portion to form a bent portion (112; 212); and the stiffener (22; 32) is engaged with and fixed to the bent portion (112; 212) of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21). The single-layer plastic composite board has advantages such as a simple structure, small thickness, light weight, high strength, low cost and ease of manufacturing, and can be widely used as a cabinet board, a box board, a table board, a drawer board, a seat board and a backrest of a chair, etc. | 1. A single-layer plastic composite board (20; 30; 40), comprising:
a single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) comprising:
a planar-shaped main body portion (111; 211) including a front surface and a rear surface opposite to the front surface; and
a peripheral portion located at a periphery of the main body portion, wherein said peripheral portion is bent along a direction perpendicular to the main body portion towards the rear surface of the main body portion to form a bent portion (112; 212); and
a stiffener (22; 32) which is engaged with and fixed to at least a part of the bent portion; wherein the stiffener is a tubular member with a cross section having a closed shape formed by extruding formation, and when observed from the cross section, the stiffener comprises a first section (221; 321) in parallel with the main body portion and a second section (222; 322) perpendicular to the first section, wherein the second section is, at an end far away from the first section, formed with a flange (2221; 3221) extending along a direction perpendicular to the second section towards an outside of the stiffener, and the second section is abut against the bent portion such that the flange is engaged with an end of the bent portion. 2. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the first section (221) and the second section (222) are adjacent to each other. 3. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the stiffener further comprises a third section (323) located between the first section (321) and the second section (322) and recessed towards the inside of the stiffener (32), such that the first section (321), the second section (322) and the third section (323) jointly form a stepped shape. 4. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 3, wherein the bent portion (212) of the single-layer plastic sheet (21) is of a stepped shape which matches a shape formed by the second section (322) and the third section (323) of the stiffener. 5. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the first section (221; 321) abuts against the main body portion (111; 211). 6. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the stiffener (22; 32) is a plastic stiffener or metal stiffener. 7. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the stiffener (22; 32) is configured with an integral frame structure which is formed to adapt to a peripheral shape of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21), or is configured with a split joint structure of a plurality of bar-type components which is adapted to the peripheral shape of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21). 8. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the stiffener (22; 32) and the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) are fixed to each other via an adhesive, such as glue, or by ultrasonic welding. 9. A single-layer plastic composite board (10), comprising:
a single-layer plastic sheet (11) comprising:
a planar-shaped main body portion (111) including a front surface and a rear surface opposite to the front surface, and
a peripheral portion located at a periphery of the main body portion, wherein said peripheral portion is bent along a direction perpendicular to the main body portion towards the rear surface of the main body portion to form a bent portion (112); and
a metal stiffener (12) that receives at least a part of the bent portion and is fixed thereto; wherein the metal stiffener is formed by bending or rolling a sheet-like metal sheet, and when observed from a cross section of the metal stiffener, the metal stiffener comprises a first section (121) of a double-layer structure and a second section (122) perpendicular to the first section (121), wherein a length of an outer layer of the first section is greater than a length of an inner layer of the first section, an end portion of the outer layer of the first section is bent to be in parallel with the second section and extend a partial length of the second section along an outside of the second section, thereby forming, between the end portion and the second section, a gap (1221) adapted to closely receive at least a part of the bent portion. 10. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 9, wherein the metal stiffener further comprises a third section (123) that extends from an end of the second section along a direction perpendicular to the second section towards an inner side of the second section and is abut against the main body portion. 11. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 9, wherein the metal stiffener is configured with an integral frame structure which is formed to adapt to a peripheral shape of the single plastic sheet, or is configured with a split joint structure of a plurality of bar-type components which is adapted to the peripheral shape of the single-layer plastic sheet. 12. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 9, wherein the metal stiffener and the single-layer plastic sheet are fixed to each other via an adhesive, such as glue. 13. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the front surface of the main body portion (111; 211) of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) has a pattern formed by printing. 14. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the main body portion (111; 211) of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) is formed with a concave-convex configuration. 15. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 14, wherein the concave-convex configuration is a grid-like concave-convex configuration (113) configured to reinforce strength of the single-layer plastic sheet. 16. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) is formed thereon with a grasp feature (114) of an ergonomic design. 17. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein a flange (2221; 3221; 2322) of the stiffener is disposed at its lower side with a wing (2222; 3222; 2321) extending downwards therefrom. 18. A box, comprising a box body consisting of a front side panel, a rear side panel, a left side panel, a right side panel and a floor panel, wherein at least one of the side panels is formed of the single-layer plastic composite board according to any one of claims 1-17. 19. The box according to claim 18, wherein the box comprises:
support platforms (331) respectively formed by bottom stiffeners of the front side panel, the rear side panel, the left side panel and the right side panel; positioning edges (321) respectively formed by a peripheral portion of the floor panel extending horizontally outwards and respectively located on the support platform of the respective side panels; and floor panel fixing members (340) configured to pass through fixing holes formed in the positioning edges and corresponding mounting holes formed in the support platforms to fix the positioning edges onto the support platforms. 20. The box according to claim 19, wherein adjacent side panels are provided with a limit post (350) and a limit hole (360), respectively, wherein the limit post is configured to snap into the limit hole, so that the adjacent side panels are able to connect with each other detachably. 21. The box according to claim 20, wherein the left side panel and the right side panel are located between the front side panel and the rear side panel, and respective sides of the left side panel and the right side panel are provided with limit posts, and inner sides of the front side panel and the rear side panel are provided with limit holes flared from top to bottom at respective positions. 22. The box according to claim 19, wherein a middle portion of the floor panel is recessed downwards relative to the positioning edges. 23. The box according to claim 22, wherein the middle portion of the floor panel is formed with a plurality of recessed portions arranged regularly. 24. The box according to claim 19, wherein the floor panel fixing members are formed of plastic. 25. The box according to claim 18, further comprising a box lid openable from a top of the box body, wherein a rear portion of the box lid is pivotably connected to the rear side panel of the box body. 26. The box according to claim 25, wherein the box lid is pivotably connected to the rear side panel via a detachable hinge assembly, the hinge assembly comprising:
a first hinge member (411) fixed to a bottom of a rear stiffener of the box lid; a second hinge member (421) fixed into a recess (426) that is formed at a rear side of a top stiffener of the rear side panel of the box body; and a pivot member (430) pivotably connected the first hinge member to the second hinge member. 27. The box according to claim 26, wherein the first hinge member and the second hinge member are of the same shape, and both comprise a fixing portion (413; 423) engaged with and fixed to the box lid or the box body, and one or more pivot portions (412; 422) extending perpendicularly to the fixing portion, wherein the pivot portions are provided therein with through holes (414; 424) extending in parallel with the fixing portion for pivotably receiving a pivot. 28. The box according to claim 27, wherein when there are multiple pivot portions, the pivot portions are spaced apart along the fixing portion, and the space between the pivot portions is set to receive a respective pivot portion, and the through holes in the pivot portions are coaxial to one another. 29. The box according to claim 27, wherein the pivot is provided at a proximal end with a flange (432) having a size greater than the size of the through hole of the pivot portion, and the pivot at its distal end is provided with one or more cutouts (438) extending from distal to proximal such that the distal end of the pivot forms a plurality of resilient arms (434) extending from proximal to distal and being capable of bending radially inwards, wherein a radial outer surface of each resilient arm is provided thereon with a protruding portion (436) which is configured to pass through the through hole of the pivot portion when the resilient arm is at a bent state, and not to pass the through hole of the pivot portion when the resilient arm is at a stretched state. 30. The box according to claim 29, wherein each of the cutouts is tapered from distal to proximal and finally forms a smooth transition. 31. The box according to claim 29, wherein the protrusion portion has a distal guiding bevel (4362) and a proximal guiding bevel (4364). 32. The box according to claim 29, wherein the hinge assembly is formed of plastic. 33. The box according to claim 25, wherein the box lid and the box body are provided with a locking assembly, the locking assembly comprising:
a first locking member (530) fixed to a front portion of the box lid; a second locking member (550) fixed to the front side panel of the box body; and a third locking member (54) configured to be pivotably mounted to the first locking member. 34. The box according to claim 33, wherein the first locking member is plugged into a bottom of a front stiffener of the box lid via snap-fit means (531) at its top to form an inverted U shape as a whole, and a top stiffener of the front side panel of the box body is configured to be at least partially received in a recess of the inverted U shape when the box lid is closed. 35. The box according to claim 34, wherein the first locking member is provided at its front portion with a horizontal connecting rod (532), and the third locking member is provided at its top with a hook (541) which is configured to hook onto the horizontal connecting rod and pivot around the same in a certain range. 36. The box according to claim 35, wherein the second locking member is plugged into the front side of the top stiffener of the front side panel of the box body via snap-fit means (551) at its rear side, a top portion of the second locking member is bent rearwards to form a horizontal bent portion (552) located at a step portion (5127) formed at the top of the front side panel of the box body, and the second locking member and the third locking member are configured to be latched or locked together when the box lid is closed. 37. The box according to claim 33, wherein the locking assembly is formed of plastic. 38. The box according to claim 25, wherein the box is provided with a foldable limit member (640) for limiting an open angle of the box lid relative to the box body, and wherein the foldable limit member is an elongated rod-like member that includes a first end (643) pivotably fixed at a position on an inner side of a side stiffener of the box lid at a distance from a pivot portion of the box lid, a second end (643) opposite the first end (643) pivotably fixed at a position on an inner side of a top stiffener of the respective side panel of the box body at a distance from the pivot portion of the box lid, and a bendable resilient body portion extending between the first end and the second end. 39. The box according to claim 38, wherein a length of the foldable limit member is sized such that a maximum open angle of the box lid relative to the box body is greater than 90° and less than 180°. 40. The box according to claim 39, wherein the body portion is of a flat strip shape suitable for bending, and the first end and the second end are flat end portions perpendicular to the body portion. 41. The box according to claim 40, wherein the first end and the second end each comprises a lateral protruding portion (641), and receiving holes (6122; 6222) for receiving the protruding portions are disposed at corresponding positions of the stiffeners of the left side panel and/or the right side panel of the box body. 42. The box according to claim 38, wherein the foldable limit member is a one-piece plastic member. 43. The box according to claim 25, wherein the box is provided with a self-positioning assembly configured to arbitrarily remain an open angle of the box lid relative to the box body, the self-positioning assembly comprising:
a holder (720) fixed onto the top stiffeners of the left side panel and/or the right side panel of the box body, wherein the holder is provided therein with a chute (721) extending along the vertical direction through a top and a bottom surfaces of the holder, and a retaining hole (722) extending along a horizontal direction to communicate with the chute and pass through a side surface of the holder facing the inside of the box body; a support rod (710) having a first end hinged to a respective side stiffener of the box lid and a second end extending through the chute, wherein the support rod is configured to slide and swing in the chute; and a fastening assembly disposed in the retaining hole for applying a pressure to the support rod, wherein the fastening assembly is configured to adjust the magnitude of the pressure. 44. The box according to claim 43, wherein an inner surface of the retaining hole is provided with an internal thread, the fastening assembly comprising:
a compression block (730) disposed in the retaining hole and being movable along the retaining hole; a bolt (770) having an external thread which is configured to match with the internal thread of the retaining hole; and a resilient piece (760) disposed in the retaining hole between the compression block and the bolt, which is configured to apply a resilient force to the compression block. 45. The box according to claim 44, wherein the resilient piece is a compression spring, the compression block is provided thereon with a boss, and the compression spring is nested at one end onto the boss and abuts at the other end against an end of the bolt. 46. The box according to claim 45, wherein the second end of the support rod is provided with a stopper (711) for preventing the support rod from sliding out of the chute. 47. The box according to claim 46, wherein the self-positioning assembly further comprises a hinge base (780) connected to the side stiffener of the box lid, and the first end of the support rod is hinged to the hinge base. 48. The box according to claim 47, wherein the hinge base is provided with positioning pins (781), and the side stiffener of the box lid is provided thereon with a plurality of positioning holes (7521) distributed along its longitudinal direction for receiving the positioning pins. 49. The box according to claim 48, wherein the top stiffeners of the left side panel and/or the right side panel of the box body are provided with locking grooves into which the holder can be mounted. 50. The box according to claim 49, wherein the self-positioning assembly is located within a receiving space formed by the box body and the box lid when the lid is closed. 51. The box according to claim 43, wherein the support rod, the holder and the hinge base are all formed of plastic. | A single-layer plastic composite board (20; 30; 40) is disclosed. The single-layer plastic composite board is a two-piece single-layer plastic composite board comprising a single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) and a stiffener (22; 32), wherein the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) has a main body portion (111; 211) and a peripheral portion located around the main body portion; the peripheral portion bends towards the back of the main body portion in a direction perpendicular to the main body portion to form a bent portion (112; 212); and the stiffener (22; 32) is engaged with and fixed to the bent portion (112; 212) of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21). The single-layer plastic composite board has advantages such as a simple structure, small thickness, light weight, high strength, low cost and ease of manufacturing, and can be widely used as a cabinet board, a box board, a table board, a drawer board, a seat board and a backrest of a chair, etc.1. A single-layer plastic composite board (20; 30; 40), comprising:
a single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) comprising:
a planar-shaped main body portion (111; 211) including a front surface and a rear surface opposite to the front surface; and
a peripheral portion located at a periphery of the main body portion, wherein said peripheral portion is bent along a direction perpendicular to the main body portion towards the rear surface of the main body portion to form a bent portion (112; 212); and
a stiffener (22; 32) which is engaged with and fixed to at least a part of the bent portion; wherein the stiffener is a tubular member with a cross section having a closed shape formed by extruding formation, and when observed from the cross section, the stiffener comprises a first section (221; 321) in parallel with the main body portion and a second section (222; 322) perpendicular to the first section, wherein the second section is, at an end far away from the first section, formed with a flange (2221; 3221) extending along a direction perpendicular to the second section towards an outside of the stiffener, and the second section is abut against the bent portion such that the flange is engaged with an end of the bent portion. 2. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the first section (221) and the second section (222) are adjacent to each other. 3. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the stiffener further comprises a third section (323) located between the first section (321) and the second section (322) and recessed towards the inside of the stiffener (32), such that the first section (321), the second section (322) and the third section (323) jointly form a stepped shape. 4. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 3, wherein the bent portion (212) of the single-layer plastic sheet (21) is of a stepped shape which matches a shape formed by the second section (322) and the third section (323) of the stiffener. 5. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the first section (221; 321) abuts against the main body portion (111; 211). 6. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the stiffener (22; 32) is a plastic stiffener or metal stiffener. 7. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the stiffener (22; 32) is configured with an integral frame structure which is formed to adapt to a peripheral shape of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21), or is configured with a split joint structure of a plurality of bar-type components which is adapted to the peripheral shape of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21). 8. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the stiffener (22; 32) and the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) are fixed to each other via an adhesive, such as glue, or by ultrasonic welding. 9. A single-layer plastic composite board (10), comprising:
a single-layer plastic sheet (11) comprising:
a planar-shaped main body portion (111) including a front surface and a rear surface opposite to the front surface, and
a peripheral portion located at a periphery of the main body portion, wherein said peripheral portion is bent along a direction perpendicular to the main body portion towards the rear surface of the main body portion to form a bent portion (112); and
a metal stiffener (12) that receives at least a part of the bent portion and is fixed thereto; wherein the metal stiffener is formed by bending or rolling a sheet-like metal sheet, and when observed from a cross section of the metal stiffener, the metal stiffener comprises a first section (121) of a double-layer structure and a second section (122) perpendicular to the first section (121), wherein a length of an outer layer of the first section is greater than a length of an inner layer of the first section, an end portion of the outer layer of the first section is bent to be in parallel with the second section and extend a partial length of the second section along an outside of the second section, thereby forming, between the end portion and the second section, a gap (1221) adapted to closely receive at least a part of the bent portion. 10. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 9, wherein the metal stiffener further comprises a third section (123) that extends from an end of the second section along a direction perpendicular to the second section towards an inner side of the second section and is abut against the main body portion. 11. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 9, wherein the metal stiffener is configured with an integral frame structure which is formed to adapt to a peripheral shape of the single plastic sheet, or is configured with a split joint structure of a plurality of bar-type components which is adapted to the peripheral shape of the single-layer plastic sheet. 12. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 9, wherein the metal stiffener and the single-layer plastic sheet are fixed to each other via an adhesive, such as glue. 13. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the front surface of the main body portion (111; 211) of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) has a pattern formed by printing. 14. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the main body portion (111; 211) of the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) is formed with a concave-convex configuration. 15. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 14, wherein the concave-convex configuration is a grid-like concave-convex configuration (113) configured to reinforce strength of the single-layer plastic sheet. 16. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the single-layer plastic sheet (11; 21) is formed thereon with a grasp feature (114) of an ergonomic design. 17. The single-layer plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein a flange (2221; 3221; 2322) of the stiffener is disposed at its lower side with a wing (2222; 3222; 2321) extending downwards therefrom. 18. A box, comprising a box body consisting of a front side panel, a rear side panel, a left side panel, a right side panel and a floor panel, wherein at least one of the side panels is formed of the single-layer plastic composite board according to any one of claims 1-17. 19. The box according to claim 18, wherein the box comprises:
support platforms (331) respectively formed by bottom stiffeners of the front side panel, the rear side panel, the left side panel and the right side panel; positioning edges (321) respectively formed by a peripheral portion of the floor panel extending horizontally outwards and respectively located on the support platform of the respective side panels; and floor panel fixing members (340) configured to pass through fixing holes formed in the positioning edges and corresponding mounting holes formed in the support platforms to fix the positioning edges onto the support platforms. 20. The box according to claim 19, wherein adjacent side panels are provided with a limit post (350) and a limit hole (360), respectively, wherein the limit post is configured to snap into the limit hole, so that the adjacent side panels are able to connect with each other detachably. 21. The box according to claim 20, wherein the left side panel and the right side panel are located between the front side panel and the rear side panel, and respective sides of the left side panel and the right side panel are provided with limit posts, and inner sides of the front side panel and the rear side panel are provided with limit holes flared from top to bottom at respective positions. 22. The box according to claim 19, wherein a middle portion of the floor panel is recessed downwards relative to the positioning edges. 23. The box according to claim 22, wherein the middle portion of the floor panel is formed with a plurality of recessed portions arranged regularly. 24. The box according to claim 19, wherein the floor panel fixing members are formed of plastic. 25. The box according to claim 18, further comprising a box lid openable from a top of the box body, wherein a rear portion of the box lid is pivotably connected to the rear side panel of the box body. 26. The box according to claim 25, wherein the box lid is pivotably connected to the rear side panel via a detachable hinge assembly, the hinge assembly comprising:
a first hinge member (411) fixed to a bottom of a rear stiffener of the box lid; a second hinge member (421) fixed into a recess (426) that is formed at a rear side of a top stiffener of the rear side panel of the box body; and a pivot member (430) pivotably connected the first hinge member to the second hinge member. 27. The box according to claim 26, wherein the first hinge member and the second hinge member are of the same shape, and both comprise a fixing portion (413; 423) engaged with and fixed to the box lid or the box body, and one or more pivot portions (412; 422) extending perpendicularly to the fixing portion, wherein the pivot portions are provided therein with through holes (414; 424) extending in parallel with the fixing portion for pivotably receiving a pivot. 28. The box according to claim 27, wherein when there are multiple pivot portions, the pivot portions are spaced apart along the fixing portion, and the space between the pivot portions is set to receive a respective pivot portion, and the through holes in the pivot portions are coaxial to one another. 29. The box according to claim 27, wherein the pivot is provided at a proximal end with a flange (432) having a size greater than the size of the through hole of the pivot portion, and the pivot at its distal end is provided with one or more cutouts (438) extending from distal to proximal such that the distal end of the pivot forms a plurality of resilient arms (434) extending from proximal to distal and being capable of bending radially inwards, wherein a radial outer surface of each resilient arm is provided thereon with a protruding portion (436) which is configured to pass through the through hole of the pivot portion when the resilient arm is at a bent state, and not to pass the through hole of the pivot portion when the resilient arm is at a stretched state. 30. The box according to claim 29, wherein each of the cutouts is tapered from distal to proximal and finally forms a smooth transition. 31. The box according to claim 29, wherein the protrusion portion has a distal guiding bevel (4362) and a proximal guiding bevel (4364). 32. The box according to claim 29, wherein the hinge assembly is formed of plastic. 33. The box according to claim 25, wherein the box lid and the box body are provided with a locking assembly, the locking assembly comprising:
a first locking member (530) fixed to a front portion of the box lid; a second locking member (550) fixed to the front side panel of the box body; and a third locking member (54) configured to be pivotably mounted to the first locking member. 34. The box according to claim 33, wherein the first locking member is plugged into a bottom of a front stiffener of the box lid via snap-fit means (531) at its top to form an inverted U shape as a whole, and a top stiffener of the front side panel of the box body is configured to be at least partially received in a recess of the inverted U shape when the box lid is closed. 35. The box according to claim 34, wherein the first locking member is provided at its front portion with a horizontal connecting rod (532), and the third locking member is provided at its top with a hook (541) which is configured to hook onto the horizontal connecting rod and pivot around the same in a certain range. 36. The box according to claim 35, wherein the second locking member is plugged into the front side of the top stiffener of the front side panel of the box body via snap-fit means (551) at its rear side, a top portion of the second locking member is bent rearwards to form a horizontal bent portion (552) located at a step portion (5127) formed at the top of the front side panel of the box body, and the second locking member and the third locking member are configured to be latched or locked together when the box lid is closed. 37. The box according to claim 33, wherein the locking assembly is formed of plastic. 38. The box according to claim 25, wherein the box is provided with a foldable limit member (640) for limiting an open angle of the box lid relative to the box body, and wherein the foldable limit member is an elongated rod-like member that includes a first end (643) pivotably fixed at a position on an inner side of a side stiffener of the box lid at a distance from a pivot portion of the box lid, a second end (643) opposite the first end (643) pivotably fixed at a position on an inner side of a top stiffener of the respective side panel of the box body at a distance from the pivot portion of the box lid, and a bendable resilient body portion extending between the first end and the second end. 39. The box according to claim 38, wherein a length of the foldable limit member is sized such that a maximum open angle of the box lid relative to the box body is greater than 90° and less than 180°. 40. The box according to claim 39, wherein the body portion is of a flat strip shape suitable for bending, and the first end and the second end are flat end portions perpendicular to the body portion. 41. The box according to claim 40, wherein the first end and the second end each comprises a lateral protruding portion (641), and receiving holes (6122; 6222) for receiving the protruding portions are disposed at corresponding positions of the stiffeners of the left side panel and/or the right side panel of the box body. 42. The box according to claim 38, wherein the foldable limit member is a one-piece plastic member. 43. The box according to claim 25, wherein the box is provided with a self-positioning assembly configured to arbitrarily remain an open angle of the box lid relative to the box body, the self-positioning assembly comprising:
a holder (720) fixed onto the top stiffeners of the left side panel and/or the right side panel of the box body, wherein the holder is provided therein with a chute (721) extending along the vertical direction through a top and a bottom surfaces of the holder, and a retaining hole (722) extending along a horizontal direction to communicate with the chute and pass through a side surface of the holder facing the inside of the box body; a support rod (710) having a first end hinged to a respective side stiffener of the box lid and a second end extending through the chute, wherein the support rod is configured to slide and swing in the chute; and a fastening assembly disposed in the retaining hole for applying a pressure to the support rod, wherein the fastening assembly is configured to adjust the magnitude of the pressure. 44. The box according to claim 43, wherein an inner surface of the retaining hole is provided with an internal thread, the fastening assembly comprising:
a compression block (730) disposed in the retaining hole and being movable along the retaining hole; a bolt (770) having an external thread which is configured to match with the internal thread of the retaining hole; and a resilient piece (760) disposed in the retaining hole between the compression block and the bolt, which is configured to apply a resilient force to the compression block. 45. The box according to claim 44, wherein the resilient piece is a compression spring, the compression block is provided thereon with a boss, and the compression spring is nested at one end onto the boss and abuts at the other end against an end of the bolt. 46. The box according to claim 45, wherein the second end of the support rod is provided with a stopper (711) for preventing the support rod from sliding out of the chute. 47. The box according to claim 46, wherein the self-positioning assembly further comprises a hinge base (780) connected to the side stiffener of the box lid, and the first end of the support rod is hinged to the hinge base. 48. The box according to claim 47, wherein the hinge base is provided with positioning pins (781), and the side stiffener of the box lid is provided thereon with a plurality of positioning holes (7521) distributed along its longitudinal direction for receiving the positioning pins. 49. The box according to claim 48, wherein the top stiffeners of the left side panel and/or the right side panel of the box body are provided with locking grooves into which the holder can be mounted. 50. The box according to claim 49, wherein the self-positioning assembly is located within a receiving space formed by the box body and the box lid when the lid is closed. 51. The box according to claim 43, wherein the support rod, the holder and the hinge base are all formed of plastic. | 3,600 |
345,599 | 16,804,007 | 3,619 | A connector includes a housing; and a fitting assurance member slidably attached to an outer side of the housing. The housing has a locking portion to be locked to the locked portion during a movement of the housing in a fitting direction to the counterpart housing. The fitting assurance member slides and moves relatively to the housing in the fitting direction from a temporary locking position to a formal locking position. The housing has an unlocking operation portion to apply unlocking force to the locking portion. The fitting assurance member has a pair of side walls on the outer side of the housing and a coupling portion connecting end portions of the pair of side walls. The coupling portion is located between the unlocking operation portion and the housing and separated from the unlocking operation portion. | 1. A connector comprising:
a housing; and a fitting assurance member slidably attached to an outer side of the housing to enable a sliding movement, the housing having a locking portion being elastically deformed in an opposite direction to a locking direction to climb over a locked portion of a counterpart housing and elastically restored in the locking direction to be locked to the locked portion upon a movement of the housing in a fitting direction to the counterpart housing, the fitting assurance member sliding and moving relatively to the housing in the fitting direction from a temporary locking position to a formal locking position to be locked to the counterpart housing upon the locking portion being locked to the locked portion to achieve a connector fitting state, the housing having an unlocking operation portion to be separated outward from an opposite fitting side of the housing, the unlocking operation portion being pushed down in an unlocking operation direction toward the housing to apply unlocking force to the locking portion in the opposite direction, the unlocking operation portion being pushed down in the unlocking operation direction upon the fitting assurance member being positioned at the temporary locking position to release the connector fitting state, the fitting assurance member having a pair of side walls opposed to each other on the outer side of the housing and a coupling portion connecting end portions of the pair of side walls on the opposite fitting side each other, the coupling portion being located between the unlocking operation portion and the housing and separated from the unlocking operation portion upon the fitting assurance member being positioned at the temporary locking position, the coupling portion being configured to allow contact to the unlocking operation portion upon the unlocking operation portion being pushed down and displaced in the unlocking operation direction. 2. The connector according to claim 1, wherein
the coupling portion of the fitting assurance member positioned at the temporary locking position contacts to the housing to restrict a tilt of the housing with respect to the fitting assurance member. | A connector includes a housing; and a fitting assurance member slidably attached to an outer side of the housing. The housing has a locking portion to be locked to the locked portion during a movement of the housing in a fitting direction to the counterpart housing. The fitting assurance member slides and moves relatively to the housing in the fitting direction from a temporary locking position to a formal locking position. The housing has an unlocking operation portion to apply unlocking force to the locking portion. The fitting assurance member has a pair of side walls on the outer side of the housing and a coupling portion connecting end portions of the pair of side walls. The coupling portion is located between the unlocking operation portion and the housing and separated from the unlocking operation portion.1. A connector comprising:
a housing; and a fitting assurance member slidably attached to an outer side of the housing to enable a sliding movement, the housing having a locking portion being elastically deformed in an opposite direction to a locking direction to climb over a locked portion of a counterpart housing and elastically restored in the locking direction to be locked to the locked portion upon a movement of the housing in a fitting direction to the counterpart housing, the fitting assurance member sliding and moving relatively to the housing in the fitting direction from a temporary locking position to a formal locking position to be locked to the counterpart housing upon the locking portion being locked to the locked portion to achieve a connector fitting state, the housing having an unlocking operation portion to be separated outward from an opposite fitting side of the housing, the unlocking operation portion being pushed down in an unlocking operation direction toward the housing to apply unlocking force to the locking portion in the opposite direction, the unlocking operation portion being pushed down in the unlocking operation direction upon the fitting assurance member being positioned at the temporary locking position to release the connector fitting state, the fitting assurance member having a pair of side walls opposed to each other on the outer side of the housing and a coupling portion connecting end portions of the pair of side walls on the opposite fitting side each other, the coupling portion being located between the unlocking operation portion and the housing and separated from the unlocking operation portion upon the fitting assurance member being positioned at the temporary locking position, the coupling portion being configured to allow contact to the unlocking operation portion upon the unlocking operation portion being pushed down and displaced in the unlocking operation direction. 2. The connector according to claim 1, wherein
the coupling portion of the fitting assurance member positioned at the temporary locking position contacts to the housing to restrict a tilt of the housing with respect to the fitting assurance member. | 3,600 |
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