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345,300 | 16,643,176 | 3,667 | The invention relates to a household electrical system, for example for ironing, comprising an appliance, such as an iron, connected to a base by a cord made up of at least: —a first electrical line formed by a first set of conductive wires for high-voltage (HV) transmission of a heating power, —a second electrical line formed by a second set of conductive wires for the low-voltage (LV) power supply of an electronic board arranged in the appliance, —a third electrical line for providing two-way data transmission between the base and the appliance; characterised in that the third electrical line is formed by the second set of conductive wires; the system also comprising a modulator suitable for modulating the voltage and/or the current circulating in the second set of conductive wires, so as to activate the second electrical line and the third electrical line or the third electrical line exclusively. | 1-7. (canceled) 8. A household electrical system comprising an appliance having an electric circuit, a base for the appliance, and a cord connecting the appliance with the base, the cord comprising:
a first electrical line formed by a first set of conductive wires for high voltage transmission of an operating power of the appliance; a second electrical line formed by a second set of conductive wires for low voltage supply of power to the electric circuit; a third electrical line for providing two-way data transmission between the base and the appliance, the third electrical line being formed by the second set of conductive wires, wherein the system further includes, a modulator configured to modulate a voltage and/or a current through the second set of conductive wires to activate the second electrical line and the third electrical line, or to activate the third electrical line; and an independent electricity source configured to supply power to the electric circuit when the second electrical line is deactivated. 9. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the independent electricity source is a battery. 10. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the independent electricity source is a capacitor. 11. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the base includes a steam generator, and the appliance includes an iron. 12. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the appliance includes an actuator configured to be activated manually to control an operation of the base. 13. A method of using a an electrical household system comprising an appliance having an electric circuit, a base for the appliance, and a cord connecting the appliance with the base, the cord including a first electrical line formed by a first set of conductive wires for high voltage transmission of an operating power of the appliance, a second electrical line formed by a second set of conductive wires for low voltage supply of power to the electric circuit, a third electrical line for providing two-way data transmission between the base and the appliance, the third electrical line being formed by the second set of conductive wires, a modulator configured to modulate the voltage and/or the current through the second set of conductive wires to activate the second electrical line and the third electrical line, or to activate the third electrical line, and an independent electricity source configured to supply power to the electric circuit when the second electrical line is deactivated, the method including the steps of:
transmitting data from the base to the appliance over the third electrical line; and transmitting data from the appliance to the base over the third electrical line. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the base includes a steam generator, further comprising the step of:
controlling a pressure of the steam generator by the appliance. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of:
controlling an operating power of the appliance from the appliance. | The invention relates to a household electrical system, for example for ironing, comprising an appliance, such as an iron, connected to a base by a cord made up of at least: —a first electrical line formed by a first set of conductive wires for high-voltage (HV) transmission of a heating power, —a second electrical line formed by a second set of conductive wires for the low-voltage (LV) power supply of an electronic board arranged in the appliance, —a third electrical line for providing two-way data transmission between the base and the appliance; characterised in that the third electrical line is formed by the second set of conductive wires; the system also comprising a modulator suitable for modulating the voltage and/or the current circulating in the second set of conductive wires, so as to activate the second electrical line and the third electrical line or the third electrical line exclusively.1-7. (canceled) 8. A household electrical system comprising an appliance having an electric circuit, a base for the appliance, and a cord connecting the appliance with the base, the cord comprising:
a first electrical line formed by a first set of conductive wires for high voltage transmission of an operating power of the appliance; a second electrical line formed by a second set of conductive wires for low voltage supply of power to the electric circuit; a third electrical line for providing two-way data transmission between the base and the appliance, the third electrical line being formed by the second set of conductive wires, wherein the system further includes, a modulator configured to modulate a voltage and/or a current through the second set of conductive wires to activate the second electrical line and the third electrical line, or to activate the third electrical line; and an independent electricity source configured to supply power to the electric circuit when the second electrical line is deactivated. 9. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the independent electricity source is a battery. 10. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the independent electricity source is a capacitor. 11. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the base includes a steam generator, and the appliance includes an iron. 12. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the appliance includes an actuator configured to be activated manually to control an operation of the base. 13. A method of using a an electrical household system comprising an appliance having an electric circuit, a base for the appliance, and a cord connecting the appliance with the base, the cord including a first electrical line formed by a first set of conductive wires for high voltage transmission of an operating power of the appliance, a second electrical line formed by a second set of conductive wires for low voltage supply of power to the electric circuit, a third electrical line for providing two-way data transmission between the base and the appliance, the third electrical line being formed by the second set of conductive wires, a modulator configured to modulate the voltage and/or the current through the second set of conductive wires to activate the second electrical line and the third electrical line, or to activate the third electrical line, and an independent electricity source configured to supply power to the electric circuit when the second electrical line is deactivated, the method including the steps of:
transmitting data from the base to the appliance over the third electrical line; and transmitting data from the appliance to the base over the third electrical line. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the base includes a steam generator, further comprising the step of:
controlling a pressure of the steam generator by the appliance. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of:
controlling an operating power of the appliance from the appliance. | 3,600 |
345,301 | 16,643,220 | 3,667 | A domain wall type magnetic recording element includes a first ferromagnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic material, a magnetic recording layer extending in a first direction which intersects a lamination direction of the first ferromagnetic layer and containing a magnetic domain wall, and a nonmagnetic layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic recording layer, in which the magnetic recording layer includes a recessed part or a protruding part, which is configured to trap the magnetic domain wall, on a side surface, and a width of the first ferromagnetic layer is smaller than a smallest width of the magnetic recording layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in a plan view from the lamination direction. | 1. A domain wall type magnetic recording element comprising:
a first ferromagnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic material; a magnetic recording layer extending in a first direction which intersects a lamination direction of the first ferromagnetic layer and containing a magnetic domain wall; and a nonmagnetic layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic recording layer, wherein the magnetic recording layer includes a recessed part or a protruding part, which is configured to trap the magnetic domain wall, on a side surface, and a width of the first ferromagnetic layer is smaller than a smallest width of the magnetic recording layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in a plan view from the lamination direction. 2. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the first ferromagnetic layer in a plan view from the lamination direction is rectangular. 3. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein the first ferromagnetic layer includes a recessed part or a protruding part on a side surface. 4. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 3, wherein a position of the recessed part or the protruding part of the magnetic recording layer in the first direction aligns with a position of the recessed part or the protruding part of the first ferromagnetic layer in the first direction. 5. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 4, wherein a first side in the first direction of the magnetic recording layer and a second side in the first direction of the first ferromagnetic layer closest to the first side are parallel to each other in a plan view from the lamination direction. 6. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein
a first portion of the magnetic recording layer which does not overlap the first ferromagnetic layer in a plan view from the lamination direction includes a thin part having a thickness smaller than a thickness in the lamination direction of the magnetic recording layer at a position at which a width in the second direction is the smallest, and the thin part is at a position at which a width in the second direction of the magnetic recording layer is the largest. 7. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein, in the first portion of the magnetic recording layer which does not overlap the first ferromagnetic layer in a plan view from the lamination direction, a thickness d1 in the lamination direction at a position at which the width in the second direction of the magnetic recording layer is the smallest is larger than a thickness d2 in the lamination direction at a position at which the width in the second direction of the magnetic recording layer is the largest. 8. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein axes of easy magnetization of the first ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic recording layer are in the lamination direction. 9. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein axes of easy magnetization of the first ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic recording layer are in an in-plane direction perpendicular to the lamination direction. 10. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein the number of recessed parts or protruding parts on the side surface of the magnetic recording layer is 10 or more. 11. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein a second ferromagnetic layer reflecting a magnetization state of the magnetic recording layer is provided between the magnetic recording layer and the nonmagnetic layer. 12. A magnetic recording array comprising a plurality of domain wall type magnetic recording elements according to claim 1. | A domain wall type magnetic recording element includes a first ferromagnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic material, a magnetic recording layer extending in a first direction which intersects a lamination direction of the first ferromagnetic layer and containing a magnetic domain wall, and a nonmagnetic layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic recording layer, in which the magnetic recording layer includes a recessed part or a protruding part, which is configured to trap the magnetic domain wall, on a side surface, and a width of the first ferromagnetic layer is smaller than a smallest width of the magnetic recording layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in a plan view from the lamination direction.1. A domain wall type magnetic recording element comprising:
a first ferromagnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic material; a magnetic recording layer extending in a first direction which intersects a lamination direction of the first ferromagnetic layer and containing a magnetic domain wall; and a nonmagnetic layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic recording layer, wherein the magnetic recording layer includes a recessed part or a protruding part, which is configured to trap the magnetic domain wall, on a side surface, and a width of the first ferromagnetic layer is smaller than a smallest width of the magnetic recording layer in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in a plan view from the lamination direction. 2. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the first ferromagnetic layer in a plan view from the lamination direction is rectangular. 3. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein the first ferromagnetic layer includes a recessed part or a protruding part on a side surface. 4. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 3, wherein a position of the recessed part or the protruding part of the magnetic recording layer in the first direction aligns with a position of the recessed part or the protruding part of the first ferromagnetic layer in the first direction. 5. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 4, wherein a first side in the first direction of the magnetic recording layer and a second side in the first direction of the first ferromagnetic layer closest to the first side are parallel to each other in a plan view from the lamination direction. 6. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein
a first portion of the magnetic recording layer which does not overlap the first ferromagnetic layer in a plan view from the lamination direction includes a thin part having a thickness smaller than a thickness in the lamination direction of the magnetic recording layer at a position at which a width in the second direction is the smallest, and the thin part is at a position at which a width in the second direction of the magnetic recording layer is the largest. 7. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein, in the first portion of the magnetic recording layer which does not overlap the first ferromagnetic layer in a plan view from the lamination direction, a thickness d1 in the lamination direction at a position at which the width in the second direction of the magnetic recording layer is the smallest is larger than a thickness d2 in the lamination direction at a position at which the width in the second direction of the magnetic recording layer is the largest. 8. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein axes of easy magnetization of the first ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic recording layer are in the lamination direction. 9. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein axes of easy magnetization of the first ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic recording layer are in an in-plane direction perpendicular to the lamination direction. 10. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein the number of recessed parts or protruding parts on the side surface of the magnetic recording layer is 10 or more. 11. The domain wall type magnetic recording element according to claim 1, wherein a second ferromagnetic layer reflecting a magnetization state of the magnetic recording layer is provided between the magnetic recording layer and the nonmagnetic layer. 12. A magnetic recording array comprising a plurality of domain wall type magnetic recording elements according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
345,302 | 16,643,214 | 3,667 | The present disclosure relates to a home appliance capable of being operated by speech of a user. The home appliance includes a main body forming an outer appearance, a microphone including at least one sensing portion disposed to direct to the front of the main body to detect speech of a user, and a speaker unit disposed to be spaced apart from the microphone unit by a predetermined distance. | 1. A home appliance comprising:
a main body forming an outer appearance of the home appliance; a microphone unit disposed to be directed toward a front of the main body to detect a speech of a user and comprising a plurality of sensing portions disposed to be spaced apart from each other along a horizontal direction; and a speaker unit disposed to be spaced apart from the microphone unit by a predetermined distance. 2. The home appliance according to claim 1, wherein the microphone unit comprises a microphone chip including the sensing portion and a printed circuit board on which the microphone chip is mounted. 3. The home appliance according to claim 2, further comprising a buffer member disposed around the sensing portion to reduce transmission of vibration and noise to the sensing portion. 4. The home appliance according to claim 2, further comprising:
a microphone hole provided at a position corresponding to the sensing portion in the main body such that sound is transmitted to the sensing portion; and a waterproof sheet disposed in the rear of the microphone hole to block water from being introduced into the sensing portion through the microphone hole. 5. The home appliance according to claim 2, wherein
a fixing protrusion for guiding a position of the microphone unit is provided inside the main body, and a guide hole for allowing the fixing protrusion to be inserted therein is provided on the printed circuit board. 6. The home appliance according to claim 2, wherein the microphone unit is fixed inside the main body through a double-sided tape. 7. The home appliance according to claim 1, wherein
the microphone unit is disposed at an upper center of the main body, and the speaker unit is disposed at an upper side of the main body to be spaced apart from the microphone unit. 8. The home appliance according to claim 7, further comprising a speaker hole provided in the main body such that sound output from the speaker unit is transmitted to the outside of the main body. 9. The home appliance according to claim 8, wherein the speaker hole is disposed below the speaker unit. 10. The home appliance according to claim 9, wherein a guide rib disposed between the speaker unit and the speaker hole to form a transmission space such that sound output from the speaker unit is transmitted to the outside of the main body through the speaker hole is provided inside the main body. 11. The home appliance according to claim 4, wherein the microphone holes are disposed to be spaced apart from each other along the horizontal direction to correspond to a position where the microphone chip is disposed. 12. The home appliance according to claim 1, further comprising a control panel installed on a front surface of the main body and comprising an manipulator for manipulation by the user and a display for indicating an operation state,
wherein the microphone unit is disposed below the manipulator of the control panel, and the speaker unit is disposed on one side of the display. 13. The home appliance according to claim 12, wherein
the microphone unit is disposed below the manipulator while being disposed on one side of the control panel, and the speaker unit is disposed on the other side of the display. 14. The home appliance according to claim 13, wherein the speaker unit is disposed such that a diaphragm is directed toward one side of the control panel. 15. The home appliance according to claim 14, wherein
the speaker unit is disposed such that the diaphragm is directed toward a front of the control panel, and the home appliance further comprises a speaker hole formed on the control panel and disposed below the speaker unit such that sound output from the speaker unit is transmitted to the outside of the main body. | The present disclosure relates to a home appliance capable of being operated by speech of a user. The home appliance includes a main body forming an outer appearance, a microphone including at least one sensing portion disposed to direct to the front of the main body to detect speech of a user, and a speaker unit disposed to be spaced apart from the microphone unit by a predetermined distance.1. A home appliance comprising:
a main body forming an outer appearance of the home appliance; a microphone unit disposed to be directed toward a front of the main body to detect a speech of a user and comprising a plurality of sensing portions disposed to be spaced apart from each other along a horizontal direction; and a speaker unit disposed to be spaced apart from the microphone unit by a predetermined distance. 2. The home appliance according to claim 1, wherein the microphone unit comprises a microphone chip including the sensing portion and a printed circuit board on which the microphone chip is mounted. 3. The home appliance according to claim 2, further comprising a buffer member disposed around the sensing portion to reduce transmission of vibration and noise to the sensing portion. 4. The home appliance according to claim 2, further comprising:
a microphone hole provided at a position corresponding to the sensing portion in the main body such that sound is transmitted to the sensing portion; and a waterproof sheet disposed in the rear of the microphone hole to block water from being introduced into the sensing portion through the microphone hole. 5. The home appliance according to claim 2, wherein
a fixing protrusion for guiding a position of the microphone unit is provided inside the main body, and a guide hole for allowing the fixing protrusion to be inserted therein is provided on the printed circuit board. 6. The home appliance according to claim 2, wherein the microphone unit is fixed inside the main body through a double-sided tape. 7. The home appliance according to claim 1, wherein
the microphone unit is disposed at an upper center of the main body, and the speaker unit is disposed at an upper side of the main body to be spaced apart from the microphone unit. 8. The home appliance according to claim 7, further comprising a speaker hole provided in the main body such that sound output from the speaker unit is transmitted to the outside of the main body. 9. The home appliance according to claim 8, wherein the speaker hole is disposed below the speaker unit. 10. The home appliance according to claim 9, wherein a guide rib disposed between the speaker unit and the speaker hole to form a transmission space such that sound output from the speaker unit is transmitted to the outside of the main body through the speaker hole is provided inside the main body. 11. The home appliance according to claim 4, wherein the microphone holes are disposed to be spaced apart from each other along the horizontal direction to correspond to a position where the microphone chip is disposed. 12. The home appliance according to claim 1, further comprising a control panel installed on a front surface of the main body and comprising an manipulator for manipulation by the user and a display for indicating an operation state,
wherein the microphone unit is disposed below the manipulator of the control panel, and the speaker unit is disposed on one side of the display. 13. The home appliance according to claim 12, wherein
the microphone unit is disposed below the manipulator while being disposed on one side of the control panel, and the speaker unit is disposed on the other side of the display. 14. The home appliance according to claim 13, wherein the speaker unit is disposed such that a diaphragm is directed toward one side of the control panel. 15. The home appliance according to claim 14, wherein
the speaker unit is disposed such that the diaphragm is directed toward a front of the control panel, and the home appliance further comprises a speaker hole formed on the control panel and disposed below the speaker unit such that sound output from the speaker unit is transmitted to the outside of the main body. | 3,600 |
345,303 | 16,643,205 | 3,667 | The present invention provides a novel ligand compound, a transition metal compound and a catalyst composition including the same. | 1. A transition metal compound represented by the following Formula 1: 2. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is O, S or a direct linkage, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, where adjacent two or more among R1 to R4 are optionally connected with each other to form an aliphatic ring of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and R5 to R11 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 3. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is O, S or a direct linkage, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 4. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal compound is represented by the following Formula 1-1: 5. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is a direct linkage, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, where adjacent two or more among R1 to R4 are optionally connected with each other to form an aliphatic ring of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and R5 to R11 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 6. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is O or S, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, where adjacent two or more among R1 to R4 are optionally connected with each other to form an aliphatic ring of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and R5 to R11 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 7. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal compound is selected from the group consisting of the following structures: 8. A ligand compound represented by the following Formula 2: 9. A catalyst composition for preparing polyolefin, the catalyst composition comprising the transition metal compound according to claim 1. 10. The catalyst composition according to claim 9, further comprising one or more kinds of cocatalysts. 11. The catalyst composition according to claim 10, wherein the cocatalyst comprises one or more compounds selected from the following Formulae 4 to 6:
—[Al(R12)—O]a— [Formula 4]
where each R12 is independently a halogen group; a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or a halogen-substituted hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and a is an integer of 2 or more;
D(R13)3 [Formula 5]
where D is aluminum or boron; and each R13 is independently a halogen group; a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or a halogen-substituted hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
[L—H]+[Z(A)4]− or [L]+[Z(A)4]− [Formula 6]
where L is a neutral or a cationic Lewis acid; H is a hydrogen atom; Z is an element in group 13; and each A is independently an aryl group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms are optionally substituted with a substituent; wherein the substituent is a halogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryloxy group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms. 12. A method of preparing polyolefin, comprising contacting a olefin monomer with a catalyst composition according to claim 9. 13. The method of preparing polyolefin according to claim 12, wherein the polyolefin has a melt index (MI) (190° C., 2.16 kg) measured based on ASTM D1238 of 0.01 to 100 g/10 minutes, and a density of 0.855 to 0.915 g/cc. 14. A method of preparing the transition metal compound according to claim 1, comprising reacting a compound represented by the following Formula 2 with a compound represented by the following Formula 3 and an organolithium compound: 15. The method of preparing the transition metal compound according to claim 14, wherein the organolithium compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, methyllithium, ethyllithium, isopropyllithium, cyclohexyllithium, allyllithium, vinyllithium, phenyllithium and benzyllithium. 16. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is O, S or a direct linkage, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R3 and R4 are connected with each other to form a heteroaromatic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and R1, R2 and R5 to R11 are each independently hydrogen; an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 17. The catalyst composition according to claim 10, wherein the transition metal compound and the cocatalyst are supported in a support. 18. The catalyst composition according to claim 10, wherein the support is silica or alumina. 19. The method of preparing polyolefin according to claim 12, wherein the polyolefin is a copolymer of ethylene and alpha olefin. | The present invention provides a novel ligand compound, a transition metal compound and a catalyst composition including the same.1. A transition metal compound represented by the following Formula 1: 2. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is O, S or a direct linkage, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, where adjacent two or more among R1 to R4 are optionally connected with each other to form an aliphatic ring of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and R5 to R11 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 3. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is O, S or a direct linkage, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 4. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal compound is represented by the following Formula 1-1: 5. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is a direct linkage, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, where adjacent two or more among R1 to R4 are optionally connected with each other to form an aliphatic ring of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and R5 to R11 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 6. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is O or S, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, where adjacent two or more among R1 to R4 are optionally connected with each other to form an aliphatic ring of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and R5 to R11 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 7. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal compound is selected from the group consisting of the following structures: 8. A ligand compound represented by the following Formula 2: 9. A catalyst composition for preparing polyolefin, the catalyst composition comprising the transition metal compound according to claim 1. 10. The catalyst composition according to claim 9, further comprising one or more kinds of cocatalysts. 11. The catalyst composition according to claim 10, wherein the cocatalyst comprises one or more compounds selected from the following Formulae 4 to 6:
—[Al(R12)—O]a— [Formula 4]
where each R12 is independently a halogen group; a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or a halogen-substituted hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and a is an integer of 2 or more;
D(R13)3 [Formula 5]
where D is aluminum or boron; and each R13 is independently a halogen group; a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or a halogen-substituted hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
[L—H]+[Z(A)4]− or [L]+[Z(A)4]− [Formula 6]
where L is a neutral or a cationic Lewis acid; H is a hydrogen atom; Z is an element in group 13; and each A is independently an aryl group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where one or more hydrogen atoms are optionally substituted with a substituent; wherein the substituent is a halogen group, a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryloxy group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms. 12. A method of preparing polyolefin, comprising contacting a olefin monomer with a catalyst composition according to claim 9. 13. The method of preparing polyolefin according to claim 12, wherein the polyolefin has a melt index (MI) (190° C., 2.16 kg) measured based on ASTM D1238 of 0.01 to 100 g/10 minutes, and a density of 0.855 to 0.915 g/cc. 14. A method of preparing the transition metal compound according to claim 1, comprising reacting a compound represented by the following Formula 2 with a compound represented by the following Formula 3 and an organolithium compound: 15. The method of preparing the transition metal compound according to claim 14, wherein the organolithium compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, methyllithium, ethyllithium, isopropyllithium, cyclohexyllithium, allyllithium, vinyllithium, phenyllithium and benzyllithium. 16. The transition metal compound according to claim 1, wherein
X is O, S or a direct linkage, M is a transition metal in group 4, Q1 and Q2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R3 and R4 are connected with each other to form a heteroaromatic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and R1, R2 and R5 to R11 are each independently hydrogen; an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. 17. The catalyst composition according to claim 10, wherein the transition metal compound and the cocatalyst are supported in a support. 18. The catalyst composition according to claim 10, wherein the support is silica or alumina. 19. The method of preparing polyolefin according to claim 12, wherein the polyolefin is a copolymer of ethylene and alpha olefin. | 3,600 |
345,304 | 16,643,224 | 3,667 | A supporting and leveling device for a household appliance and a household appliance are provided, wherein the supporting and leveling device is provided with leveling bottom legs. Each of the leveling bottom legs includes a hydraulic connection piece, a connection sleeve, a flexible deformation membrane, an adjustment leg, and a hydraulic medium. An edge of the flexible deformation membrane is hermetically mounted at a joint of the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to form an accommodating chamber together with the hydraulic connection piece. The hydraulic medium is arranged in the accommodating chamber. When the leveling bottom leg is arranged on an uneven supporting surface, the adjustment leg axially moves along the connection sleeve to squeeze the flexible deformation membrane to deform, so as to change a volume of the accommodating chamber, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the adjustment leg for leveling. | 1. A supporting and leveling device for a household appliance comprising a leveling bottom leg, wherein the leveling bottom leg comprises:
a hydraulic connection piece; a connection sleeve, fixedly connected with the hydraulic connection piece; a flexible deformation membrane, wherein an edge of the flexible deformation membrane is hermetically mounted at a joint of the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to form an accommodating chamber together with the hydraulic connection piece; an adjustment leg, arranged in the connection sleeve and capable of axially moving relative to the connection sleeve; and a hydraulic medium, arranged in the accommodating chamber, when the leveling bottom leg is arranged on an uneven supporting surface, the adjustment leg axially moves along the connection sleeve to squeeze the flexible deformation membrane to deform, and to change a volume of the accommodating chamber between the flexible deformation membrane and the hydraulic connection piece, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the adjustment leg for leveling. 2. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic connection piece is provided with an accommodating cavity with an opening; the connection sleeve is fixedly mounted at the opening of the accommodating cavity of the hydraulic connection piece; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is hermetically mounted at the joint of the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to form the accommodating chamber together with the accommodating cavity. 3. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein the flexible deformation membrane comprises an membrane body portion and a hermetical connection portion integrally formed;
the hermetical connection portion is located at a whole circumferential edge of the membrane body portion; a shape of the hermetical connection portion is the same as a shape of the opening of the accommodating cavity of the hydraulic connection piece and a shape of a structure of a portion, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve; the hermetical connection portion is hermetically mounted at the joint of the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to form an annular seal in a whole circumferential direction. 4. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 3, wherein the membrane body portion is a planar membrane sheet, or a membrane sheet having expansible ripples, or a membrane sheet provided with a groove. 5. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to 4 claim 1, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, and a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve are provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 6. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein the connection sleeve is of an annular structure which is matched with the opening of the accommodating cavity of the hydraulic connection piece;
the adjustment leg is arranged inside an inner ring of the annular structure and moves axially; and a blocking structure for preventing one end of the adjustment leg from being separated is arranged on the inner ring of the annular structure. 7. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 6, wherein the one end of the adjustment leg is mounted in the connection sleeve in a limited manner, and another end of the adjustment leg extends out to contact a supporting surface;
a limiting sliding slot is formed in a circumferential wall of the inner ring of the connection sleeve; a limiting sliding block is arranged on the adjustment leg; the limiting sliding block is mounted in the limiting sliding slot and the limiting sliding block is movable up-and-down in the limiting sliding slot; and the blocking structure is arranged at a bottom of the limiting sliding slot to block the bottom of the limiting sliding slot. 8. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein an end face of one end, in contact with the flexible deformation membrane, of the adjustment leg is a flat end face. 9. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein a throttling flow channel communicating with the accommodating chamber is arranged inside the hydraulic connection piece, and the hydraulic connection piece comprises a hydraulic nozzle communicating with the throttling flow channel; and
hydraulic nozzles of at least two leveling bottom legs are connected with each other through a hydraulic pipe to realize flowing of the hydraulic medium between the leveling bottom legs for leveling. 10. A household appliance having the supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1. 11. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 3, wherein
the opening of the accommodating cavity is a circular opening; the position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve is of an annular connection structure; and the hermetical connection portion is of a circular ring shape. 12. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, and a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve are provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 13. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 3, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, and a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve are provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 14. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, or a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve is provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 15. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, or a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve is provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 16. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 8, wherein
the adjustment leg is a solid columnar body, and an upper end face of the solid columnar body is a flat end face. | A supporting and leveling device for a household appliance and a household appliance are provided, wherein the supporting and leveling device is provided with leveling bottom legs. Each of the leveling bottom legs includes a hydraulic connection piece, a connection sleeve, a flexible deformation membrane, an adjustment leg, and a hydraulic medium. An edge of the flexible deformation membrane is hermetically mounted at a joint of the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to form an accommodating chamber together with the hydraulic connection piece. The hydraulic medium is arranged in the accommodating chamber. When the leveling bottom leg is arranged on an uneven supporting surface, the adjustment leg axially moves along the connection sleeve to squeeze the flexible deformation membrane to deform, so as to change a volume of the accommodating chamber, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the adjustment leg for leveling.1. A supporting and leveling device for a household appliance comprising a leveling bottom leg, wherein the leveling bottom leg comprises:
a hydraulic connection piece; a connection sleeve, fixedly connected with the hydraulic connection piece; a flexible deformation membrane, wherein an edge of the flexible deformation membrane is hermetically mounted at a joint of the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to form an accommodating chamber together with the hydraulic connection piece; an adjustment leg, arranged in the connection sleeve and capable of axially moving relative to the connection sleeve; and a hydraulic medium, arranged in the accommodating chamber, when the leveling bottom leg is arranged on an uneven supporting surface, the adjustment leg axially moves along the connection sleeve to squeeze the flexible deformation membrane to deform, and to change a volume of the accommodating chamber between the flexible deformation membrane and the hydraulic connection piece, and the hydraulic medium is stressed to act on the adjustment leg for leveling. 2. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic connection piece is provided with an accommodating cavity with an opening; the connection sleeve is fixedly mounted at the opening of the accommodating cavity of the hydraulic connection piece; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is hermetically mounted at the joint of the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to form the accommodating chamber together with the accommodating cavity. 3. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein the flexible deformation membrane comprises an membrane body portion and a hermetical connection portion integrally formed;
the hermetical connection portion is located at a whole circumferential edge of the membrane body portion; a shape of the hermetical connection portion is the same as a shape of the opening of the accommodating cavity of the hydraulic connection piece and a shape of a structure of a portion, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve; the hermetical connection portion is hermetically mounted at the joint of the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to form an annular seal in a whole circumferential direction. 4. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 3, wherein the membrane body portion is a planar membrane sheet, or a membrane sheet having expansible ripples, or a membrane sheet provided with a groove. 5. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to 4 claim 1, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, and a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve are provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 6. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein the connection sleeve is of an annular structure which is matched with the opening of the accommodating cavity of the hydraulic connection piece;
the adjustment leg is arranged inside an inner ring of the annular structure and moves axially; and a blocking structure for preventing one end of the adjustment leg from being separated is arranged on the inner ring of the annular structure. 7. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 6, wherein the one end of the adjustment leg is mounted in the connection sleeve in a limited manner, and another end of the adjustment leg extends out to contact a supporting surface;
a limiting sliding slot is formed in a circumferential wall of the inner ring of the connection sleeve; a limiting sliding block is arranged on the adjustment leg; the limiting sliding block is mounted in the limiting sliding slot and the limiting sliding block is movable up-and-down in the limiting sliding slot; and the blocking structure is arranged at a bottom of the limiting sliding slot to block the bottom of the limiting sliding slot. 8. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein an end face of one end, in contact with the flexible deformation membrane, of the adjustment leg is a flat end face. 9. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein a throttling flow channel communicating with the accommodating chamber is arranged inside the hydraulic connection piece, and the hydraulic connection piece comprises a hydraulic nozzle communicating with the throttling flow channel; and
hydraulic nozzles of at least two leveling bottom legs are connected with each other through a hydraulic pipe to realize flowing of the hydraulic medium between the leveling bottom legs for leveling. 10. A household appliance having the supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1. 11. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 3, wherein
the opening of the accommodating cavity is a circular opening; the position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve is of an annular connection structure; and the hermetical connection portion is of a circular ring shape. 12. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, and a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve are provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 13. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 3, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, and a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve are provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 14. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 1, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, or a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve is provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 15. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 2, wherein a position, connected with the connection sleeve, on the hydraulic connection piece, or a position, connected with the hydraulic connection piece, on the connection sleeve is provided with an annular groove; and the edge of the flexible deformation membrane is squeezed and sealed in the annular groove by the hydraulic connection piece and the connection sleeve to realize hermetical installation. 16. The supporting and leveling device for the household appliance according to claim 8, wherein
the adjustment leg is a solid columnar body, and an upper end face of the solid columnar body is a flat end face. | 3,600 |
345,305 | 16,643,206 | 3,667 | Disclosed herein are methods related to the production of tandem, twin barcode (TTB) molecules. These TTB molecules are useful in sequencing to identify and resolve errors. | 1. A library of tandem twin barcode (TTB) oligonucleotide molecules, wherein said library comprises at least 5 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules, wherein said TTB molecules comprise a first and second barcode sequence, wherein said first and second barcode sequence are identical to each other and positioned in a same 5′ to 3′ orientation, and wherein said TTB oligonucleotide molecules are flanked on either side by two target regions that are common to all TTB oligonucleotides in the library. 2. The library of claim 1, wherein the library comprises at least 10 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 3. The library of claim 2, wherein the library comprises at least 100 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 4. The library of claim 3, wherein the library comprises at least 1000 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 5. The library of claim 4, wherein the library comprises at least 105 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 6. The library of claim 5, wherein the library comprises at least 107 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 7. The library of claim 6 wherein the library comprises at least 109 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 8. The library of claim 7, wherein at least one of the TTB oligonucleotide molecules of the library comprises a spacer between the first and second barcode sequence. 9. The library of claim 8, wherein the spacer is at least 2 nucleotides in length. 10. The library of claim 9, wherein the spacer is at least 5 nucleotides in length. 11. The library of claim 10, wherein the spacer is at least 100 nucleotides in length. 12. The library of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second barcode sequences comprise a barcode block at least 5 nucleotides in length. 13. The library of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second barcode sequences comprise at least one barcode block sequence, wherein said barcode block can be repeated. 14. The library of claim 1, wherein each of said TTB molecules further comprise a target region capable of annealing or ligating to the target nucleic acid. 15. The library of claim 1, wherein the first and second barcode sequence of the TTB molecule uniquely identifies each of the barcode molecules via the barcode block. 16. A method of labeling target polynucleotide molecules with a unique identifier, the method comprising labeling the barcode library of claim 1 with target polynucleotide molecules. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the target polynucleotide is sequenced after labeling with the barcode library. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein said sequencing can comprise multiplex sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, targeted sequencing, and droplet (or emersion)-mediated sequencing—using various sequencing platforms, including Sanger-capillary sequencing, Solexa sequencing, Ion Torrent sequencing, SOLiD sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing, Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing, and Nanopore Sequencing. 19. A kit for labelling a target nucleic acid for sequencing, wherein the kit comprises a) a library of at least 5 unique TTB molecules, wherein said TTB molecules comprise a first and second barcode sequence, wherein said first and second barcode sequence are identical to each other; and b) reagents for sequencing. 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein said sequencing reagents can comprise various molecular biology reagents, including DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases, Reverse-transcriptases, DNA ligases, RNA ligases, transposases, viral integrase, CRISPR/Cas9, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, exonucleases, endonucleases, Polynucleotide Kinases, or nucleotides. 21-45. (canceled) | Disclosed herein are methods related to the production of tandem, twin barcode (TTB) molecules. These TTB molecules are useful in sequencing to identify and resolve errors.1. A library of tandem twin barcode (TTB) oligonucleotide molecules, wherein said library comprises at least 5 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules, wherein said TTB molecules comprise a first and second barcode sequence, wherein said first and second barcode sequence are identical to each other and positioned in a same 5′ to 3′ orientation, and wherein said TTB oligonucleotide molecules are flanked on either side by two target regions that are common to all TTB oligonucleotides in the library. 2. The library of claim 1, wherein the library comprises at least 10 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 3. The library of claim 2, wherein the library comprises at least 100 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 4. The library of claim 3, wherein the library comprises at least 1000 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 5. The library of claim 4, wherein the library comprises at least 105 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 6. The library of claim 5, wherein the library comprises at least 107 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 7. The library of claim 6 wherein the library comprises at least 109 unique TTB oligonucleotide molecules. 8. The library of claim 7, wherein at least one of the TTB oligonucleotide molecules of the library comprises a spacer between the first and second barcode sequence. 9. The library of claim 8, wherein the spacer is at least 2 nucleotides in length. 10. The library of claim 9, wherein the spacer is at least 5 nucleotides in length. 11. The library of claim 10, wherein the spacer is at least 100 nucleotides in length. 12. The library of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second barcode sequences comprise a barcode block at least 5 nucleotides in length. 13. The library of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second barcode sequences comprise at least one barcode block sequence, wherein said barcode block can be repeated. 14. The library of claim 1, wherein each of said TTB molecules further comprise a target region capable of annealing or ligating to the target nucleic acid. 15. The library of claim 1, wherein the first and second barcode sequence of the TTB molecule uniquely identifies each of the barcode molecules via the barcode block. 16. A method of labeling target polynucleotide molecules with a unique identifier, the method comprising labeling the barcode library of claim 1 with target polynucleotide molecules. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the target polynucleotide is sequenced after labeling with the barcode library. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein said sequencing can comprise multiplex sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, targeted sequencing, and droplet (or emersion)-mediated sequencing—using various sequencing platforms, including Sanger-capillary sequencing, Solexa sequencing, Ion Torrent sequencing, SOLiD sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing, Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing, and Nanopore Sequencing. 19. A kit for labelling a target nucleic acid for sequencing, wherein the kit comprises a) a library of at least 5 unique TTB molecules, wherein said TTB molecules comprise a first and second barcode sequence, wherein said first and second barcode sequence are identical to each other; and b) reagents for sequencing. 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein said sequencing reagents can comprise various molecular biology reagents, including DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases, Reverse-transcriptases, DNA ligases, RNA ligases, transposases, viral integrase, CRISPR/Cas9, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, exonucleases, endonucleases, Polynucleotide Kinases, or nucleotides. 21-45. (canceled) | 3,600 |
345,306 | 16,643,225 | 3,667 | An air environment control system includes one or more adjustment devices that adjust an air environment in a space; and a control device that controls the one or more adjustment devices. The air environment control device includes an air environment control unit that controls (i) at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to create a cooler environment in the space, when a person does intellectual work in the space; and (ii) at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to create a warmer environment warmer than the cooler environment in the space, when the person has a break in the space. The control unit further controls at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to apply cool stimulation to the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. | 1. An air environment control system comprising:
one or more adjustment devices that adjust an air environment in a space; and a control device that controls the one or more adjustment devices, wherein
the control device includes a control unit configured to control (i) at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to create a cooler environment in the space, when a person does intellectual work in the space; and (ii) at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to create a warmer environment warmer than the cooler environment in the space, when the person has a break in the space, and
the control unit is further configured to control at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to apply cool stimulation to the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 2. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more adjustment devices include one or more air conditioners that perform air conditioning in the space, and the control unit includes an air condition control unit configured to control at least one of the one or more air conditioners to apply, as the cool stimulation, cold stimulation lowering a temperature felt by the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 3. The air environment control system according to claim 2, wherein
the air condition control unit is further configured to control at least one of the one or more air conditioners to apply warm stimulation raising the temperature felt by the person, when the person starts the break in the space. 4. The air environment control system according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more air conditioners include a temperature regulator that brings a temperature in the space closer to a set temperature, the air condition control unit includes a temperature control unit configured to change the set temperature of the temperature regulator, and the temperature control unit is configured to raise the set temperature of the temperature regulator to a first temperature that is a temperature set in the cooler environment from a second temperature lower than the first temperature over a predetermined period from a time when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 5. The air environment control system according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more air conditioners include a temperature regulator that brings a temperature in the space closer to a set temperature, the air condition control unit includes a temperature control unit configured to change the set temperature of the temperature regulator, and the temperature control unit is configured to lower the set temperature of the temperature regulator to a first temperature that is a temperature set in the cooler environment from a second temperature higher than the first temperature and lower than a temperature set in the warmer environment over a predetermined period from a time when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 6. The air environment control system according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more air conditioners include an air blower that supplies air flow into the space, the air condition control unit includes an air flow control unit configured to control the air blower, and the air flow control unit is configured to control the air blower to send the air flow toward the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 7. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more adjustment devices include an aroma device that supplies aromatic substances into the space, and the control unit includes an aroma control unit configured to control the aroma device to apply refreshing aroma as the cool stimulation, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 8. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the space includes:
a first space in which the person does the intellectual work; and
a second space in which the person has a break, and
the control unit is configured to create the cooler environment in advance in the first space, and the warmer environment in advance in the second space. 9. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the control device further includes a determination unit configured to determine whether action of the person is the intellectual work or a break, and the control unit is configured to create the cooler environment in the space, when the determination unit determines that the action is the intellectual work; and the warmer environment in the space, when the determination unit determines that the action is a break. 10. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the control device further includes a time measurement unit configured to measure a date and a time, and the control unit is configured to determine a detail of the cool stimulation depending on a season to which the date and the time measured by the time measurement unit belongs, and applies the cool stimulation determined, when the person starts intellectual work in the space. 11. An air environment control device for controlling an air environment in a space, the air environment control device comprising:
a control unit configured to create a cooler environment in the space, when a person does intellectual work in the space; and a warmer environment warmer than the cooler environment in the space, when the person has a break in the space, wherein the control unit is configured to apply cool stimulation to the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 12. An air environment control method of controlling an air environment in a space, the air environment control method comprising:
creating a cooler environment in the space, when a person does intellectual work in the space; creating a warmer environment warmer than the cooler environment in the space, when the person has a break in the space; and applying cool stimulation to the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 13. A computer-readable non-transitory recording medium for recording a program that causes a computer to execute the air environment control method according to claim 12. | An air environment control system includes one or more adjustment devices that adjust an air environment in a space; and a control device that controls the one or more adjustment devices. The air environment control device includes an air environment control unit that controls (i) at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to create a cooler environment in the space, when a person does intellectual work in the space; and (ii) at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to create a warmer environment warmer than the cooler environment in the space, when the person has a break in the space. The control unit further controls at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to apply cool stimulation to the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space.1. An air environment control system comprising:
one or more adjustment devices that adjust an air environment in a space; and a control device that controls the one or more adjustment devices, wherein
the control device includes a control unit configured to control (i) at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to create a cooler environment in the space, when a person does intellectual work in the space; and (ii) at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to create a warmer environment warmer than the cooler environment in the space, when the person has a break in the space, and
the control unit is further configured to control at least one of the one or more adjustment devices to apply cool stimulation to the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 2. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more adjustment devices include one or more air conditioners that perform air conditioning in the space, and the control unit includes an air condition control unit configured to control at least one of the one or more air conditioners to apply, as the cool stimulation, cold stimulation lowering a temperature felt by the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 3. The air environment control system according to claim 2, wherein
the air condition control unit is further configured to control at least one of the one or more air conditioners to apply warm stimulation raising the temperature felt by the person, when the person starts the break in the space. 4. The air environment control system according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more air conditioners include a temperature regulator that brings a temperature in the space closer to a set temperature, the air condition control unit includes a temperature control unit configured to change the set temperature of the temperature regulator, and the temperature control unit is configured to raise the set temperature of the temperature regulator to a first temperature that is a temperature set in the cooler environment from a second temperature lower than the first temperature over a predetermined period from a time when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 5. The air environment control system according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more air conditioners include a temperature regulator that brings a temperature in the space closer to a set temperature, the air condition control unit includes a temperature control unit configured to change the set temperature of the temperature regulator, and the temperature control unit is configured to lower the set temperature of the temperature regulator to a first temperature that is a temperature set in the cooler environment from a second temperature higher than the first temperature and lower than a temperature set in the warmer environment over a predetermined period from a time when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 6. The air environment control system according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more air conditioners include an air blower that supplies air flow into the space, the air condition control unit includes an air flow control unit configured to control the air blower, and the air flow control unit is configured to control the air blower to send the air flow toward the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 7. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the one or more adjustment devices include an aroma device that supplies aromatic substances into the space, and the control unit includes an aroma control unit configured to control the aroma device to apply refreshing aroma as the cool stimulation, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 8. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the space includes:
a first space in which the person does the intellectual work; and
a second space in which the person has a break, and
the control unit is configured to create the cooler environment in advance in the first space, and the warmer environment in advance in the second space. 9. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the control device further includes a determination unit configured to determine whether action of the person is the intellectual work or a break, and the control unit is configured to create the cooler environment in the space, when the determination unit determines that the action is the intellectual work; and the warmer environment in the space, when the determination unit determines that the action is a break. 10. The air environment control system according to claim 1, wherein
the control device further includes a time measurement unit configured to measure a date and a time, and the control unit is configured to determine a detail of the cool stimulation depending on a season to which the date and the time measured by the time measurement unit belongs, and applies the cool stimulation determined, when the person starts intellectual work in the space. 11. An air environment control device for controlling an air environment in a space, the air environment control device comprising:
a control unit configured to create a cooler environment in the space, when a person does intellectual work in the space; and a warmer environment warmer than the cooler environment in the space, when the person has a break in the space, wherein the control unit is configured to apply cool stimulation to the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 12. An air environment control method of controlling an air environment in a space, the air environment control method comprising:
creating a cooler environment in the space, when a person does intellectual work in the space; creating a warmer environment warmer than the cooler environment in the space, when the person has a break in the space; and applying cool stimulation to the person, when the person starts the intellectual work in the space. 13. A computer-readable non-transitory recording medium for recording a program that causes a computer to execute the air environment control method according to claim 12. | 3,600 |
345,307 | 16,643,203 | 3,667 | A battery cooling system includes several battery cooling plates connected to a coolant manifold and coolant chiller. The coolant chiller is configured to remove heat from a flow of coolant that circulates through the battery cooling system. The coolant manifold has a first and a second chamber that both extend in a longitudinal direction and that are spaced apart and separated by an air gap. The first chamber receives a flow of chilled coolant from the coolant chiller, and the second chamber delivers to the coolant chiller a flow of coolant to be chilled. Plastic connectors in one-to-one correspondence with the battery cooling plates are mounted to the coolant manifold to fluidly couple the first and second chambers of the coolant manifold to the battery cooling plates. | 1. A battery cooling system comprising:
a plurality of battery cooling plates, each having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a coolant flow path extending through the batter cooling plate between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet; a coolant chiller configured to remove heat from a flow of coolant; a coolant manifold including:
a first coolant chamber extending in a longitudinal direction and fluidly coupled to the coolant chiller to receive a flow of coolant therefrom;
a second coolant chamber extending in the longitudinal direction and fluidly coupled to the coolant chiller to deliver a flow of coolant thereto, the second coolant chamber and the first coolant chamber being spaced apart and separated by an air gap; and
a series of webs arranged along the longitudinal direction to join the first and second coolant chamber, wherein the first coolant chamber, the second coolant chamber, and the series of webs are provided as a monolithic aluminum structure; and
a plurality of plastic connectors in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery cooling plates, each mounted to the coolant manifold and each including a first fluid port connected to the first coolant chamber, a second fluid port connected to the second coolant chamber, a third fluid port in fluid communication with the first fluid port through the plastic connector, and a fourth fluid port in fluid communication with the second fluid port through the plastic connector, the third fluid port being fluidly coupled to the coolant inlet of the corresponding battery cooling plate and the fourth fluid port being fluidly coupled to the coolant outlet of the corresponding battery cooling plate. 2. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein the coolant manifold extends over a length dimension in the longitudinal direction and wherein said length dimension is at least ten times the cumulative extent of the series of webs in the longitudinal direction. 3. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein the coolant manifold includes a first flange extending from a planar surface of the first coolant chamber, a second flange extending from a planar surface of the second coolant chamber that is coplanar with the planar surface of the first coolant chamber, and a plurality of threaded studs extending from the first and second flanges, each one of the plurality of plastic connectors being mounted to the coolant manifold by way of at least one of the plurality of threaded studs extending from the first flange and at least one of the plurality of threaded studs extending from the second flange. 4. The battery cooling system of claim 3, wherein portions of the first and second flanges have been removed in locations between adjacent ones of the plurality of plastic connectors. 5. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein the coolant manifold includes a first plurality of holes extending through a wall of the first chamber and a second plurality of holes extending through a wall of the second chamber, each one of the first plurality of holes being co-located with the first fluid port of one of the plurality of plastic connectors and each one of the second plurality of holes being co-located with the second fluid port of one of the plurality of plastic connectors. 6. The battery cooling system of claim 5, wherein the coolant manifold includes a plurality of mounting locations for the plastic connectors, the mounting locations being arranged in pairs, each pair being in a straight line with a single one of the first plurality of holes and with a single one of the second plurality of holes. 7. The battery cooling system of claim 6, wherein said straight lines are at an oblique angle to the longitudinal direction of the coolant manifold. 8. The battery cooling system of claim 5, wherein one or more seals are provided in one or more recesses of each one of the plurality of plastic connectors, the one or more seals providing a fluid seal between the first fluid port of the plastic connector and the corresponding hole of the first plurality of holes, and between the second fluid port of the plastic connector and the corresponding hole of the second plurality of holes. 9. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of battery cooling plates are arranged on a first side of the coolant manifold corresponding to the first coolant chamber and wherein at least some of the plurality of battery cooling plates are arranged on a second side of the coolant manifold corresponding to the second coolant chamber. 10. The battery cooling system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of plastic connectors are arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction and wherein those ones of the plurality of plastic connectors that are fluidly coupled to the battery cooling plates arranged on the first side of the coolant manifold are alternatingly arranged with those ones of the plurality of plastic connectors that are fluidly coupled to the battery cooling plates arranged on the second side of the coolant manifold. 11. The battery cooling system of claim 10, wherein each one of the plurality of plastic connectors has an orientation that is a 180° rotation from the orientation of an adjacent one of the plurality of plastic connectors. 12. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein the third and fourth fluid ports of the plurality of plastic connectors are fluidly coupled to the plurality of battery plates by way of hoses. 13. A method of making a battery cooling system, comprising:
cutting an aluminum extrusion to a length; forming a first plurality of holes through a first wall of the aluminum extrusion; forming a second plurality of holes through a second wall of the aluminum extrusion; removing material from the aluminum extrusion to thermally decouple the first and second walls over a majority of the length; mounting a plurality of plastic connectors to the aluminum extrusion, each of the plastic connectors having a first fluid port engaging one of the first plurality of holes and a second fluid port engaging one of the second plurality of holes; and fluidly coupling a battery cooling plate to each one of the plurality of plastic connectors. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of fluidly coupling a battery cooling plate to each one of the plurality of plastic connectors includes extending a hose between the plastic connector and a coolant inlet of the battery cooling plate to create a flow path between the coolant inlet of the battery cooling plate and one of the first plurality of holes, and extending a hose between the plastic connector and a coolant outlet of the battery cooling plate to create a flow path between the coolant outlet of the battery cooling plate and one of the second plurality of holes. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
forming a third plurality of holes through a first flange of the aluminum extrusion extending from the first wall; forming a fourth plurality of holes through a second flange of the aluminum extrusion extending from the second wall; and securing a threaded stud into each of the third and fourth pluralities of holes, wherein the plastic connecters are mounted to the aluminum extrusion using the threaded studs. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth pluralities of holes are arranged in groups, each group consisting of one of the first pluralities of holes, one of the second pluralities of holes, one of the third pluralities of holes, and one of the fourth pluralities of holes, the holes of each group being arranged along a straight line that is at an oblique angle to the length direction of the aluminum extrusion. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the steps of forming the first plurality of holes, forming the second plurality of holes, and removing material are accomplished by laser cutting. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of mounting a plurality of plastic connectors to the aluminum extrusion creates fluid seals between the plurality of plastic connectors and the first and second pluralities of holes. 19. A coolant manifold for a battery cooling system, comprising:
an aluminum extrusion at least partially defining a first coolant chamber and a second coolant chamber; a plurality of plastic connectors mounted to the aluminum extrusion, each of the plastic connectors having a coolant inlet port and a coolant outlet port; and a plurality of seals arranged between the plurality of plastic connectors and the aluminum extrusion, each of the seals surrounding a hole in the aluminum extrusion to provide a leak-free flow path between one of the first and second coolant chambers and one of the coolant inlet and outlet ports. 20. The coolant manifold of claim 19, further comprising:
a first end cap sealingly attached to a first end of the aluminum extrusion; a second end cap sealingly attached to a second end of the aluminum extrusion opposite the first end; a coolant inlet connection provided in one of the first and second end caps to allow for the flow of coolant into one of the first and second coolant chambers; and a coolant outlet connection provided in one of the first and second ends caps to allow for the flow of coolant out of the other of the first and second coolant chambers. | A battery cooling system includes several battery cooling plates connected to a coolant manifold and coolant chiller. The coolant chiller is configured to remove heat from a flow of coolant that circulates through the battery cooling system. The coolant manifold has a first and a second chamber that both extend in a longitudinal direction and that are spaced apart and separated by an air gap. The first chamber receives a flow of chilled coolant from the coolant chiller, and the second chamber delivers to the coolant chiller a flow of coolant to be chilled. Plastic connectors in one-to-one correspondence with the battery cooling plates are mounted to the coolant manifold to fluidly couple the first and second chambers of the coolant manifold to the battery cooling plates.1. A battery cooling system comprising:
a plurality of battery cooling plates, each having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a coolant flow path extending through the batter cooling plate between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet; a coolant chiller configured to remove heat from a flow of coolant; a coolant manifold including:
a first coolant chamber extending in a longitudinal direction and fluidly coupled to the coolant chiller to receive a flow of coolant therefrom;
a second coolant chamber extending in the longitudinal direction and fluidly coupled to the coolant chiller to deliver a flow of coolant thereto, the second coolant chamber and the first coolant chamber being spaced apart and separated by an air gap; and
a series of webs arranged along the longitudinal direction to join the first and second coolant chamber, wherein the first coolant chamber, the second coolant chamber, and the series of webs are provided as a monolithic aluminum structure; and
a plurality of plastic connectors in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery cooling plates, each mounted to the coolant manifold and each including a first fluid port connected to the first coolant chamber, a second fluid port connected to the second coolant chamber, a third fluid port in fluid communication with the first fluid port through the plastic connector, and a fourth fluid port in fluid communication with the second fluid port through the plastic connector, the third fluid port being fluidly coupled to the coolant inlet of the corresponding battery cooling plate and the fourth fluid port being fluidly coupled to the coolant outlet of the corresponding battery cooling plate. 2. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein the coolant manifold extends over a length dimension in the longitudinal direction and wherein said length dimension is at least ten times the cumulative extent of the series of webs in the longitudinal direction. 3. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein the coolant manifold includes a first flange extending from a planar surface of the first coolant chamber, a second flange extending from a planar surface of the second coolant chamber that is coplanar with the planar surface of the first coolant chamber, and a plurality of threaded studs extending from the first and second flanges, each one of the plurality of plastic connectors being mounted to the coolant manifold by way of at least one of the plurality of threaded studs extending from the first flange and at least one of the plurality of threaded studs extending from the second flange. 4. The battery cooling system of claim 3, wherein portions of the first and second flanges have been removed in locations between adjacent ones of the plurality of plastic connectors. 5. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein the coolant manifold includes a first plurality of holes extending through a wall of the first chamber and a second plurality of holes extending through a wall of the second chamber, each one of the first plurality of holes being co-located with the first fluid port of one of the plurality of plastic connectors and each one of the second plurality of holes being co-located with the second fluid port of one of the plurality of plastic connectors. 6. The battery cooling system of claim 5, wherein the coolant manifold includes a plurality of mounting locations for the plastic connectors, the mounting locations being arranged in pairs, each pair being in a straight line with a single one of the first plurality of holes and with a single one of the second plurality of holes. 7. The battery cooling system of claim 6, wherein said straight lines are at an oblique angle to the longitudinal direction of the coolant manifold. 8. The battery cooling system of claim 5, wherein one or more seals are provided in one or more recesses of each one of the plurality of plastic connectors, the one or more seals providing a fluid seal between the first fluid port of the plastic connector and the corresponding hole of the first plurality of holes, and between the second fluid port of the plastic connector and the corresponding hole of the second plurality of holes. 9. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of battery cooling plates are arranged on a first side of the coolant manifold corresponding to the first coolant chamber and wherein at least some of the plurality of battery cooling plates are arranged on a second side of the coolant manifold corresponding to the second coolant chamber. 10. The battery cooling system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of plastic connectors are arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction and wherein those ones of the plurality of plastic connectors that are fluidly coupled to the battery cooling plates arranged on the first side of the coolant manifold are alternatingly arranged with those ones of the plurality of plastic connectors that are fluidly coupled to the battery cooling plates arranged on the second side of the coolant manifold. 11. The battery cooling system of claim 10, wherein each one of the plurality of plastic connectors has an orientation that is a 180° rotation from the orientation of an adjacent one of the plurality of plastic connectors. 12. The battery cooling system of claim 1, wherein the third and fourth fluid ports of the plurality of plastic connectors are fluidly coupled to the plurality of battery plates by way of hoses. 13. A method of making a battery cooling system, comprising:
cutting an aluminum extrusion to a length; forming a first plurality of holes through a first wall of the aluminum extrusion; forming a second plurality of holes through a second wall of the aluminum extrusion; removing material from the aluminum extrusion to thermally decouple the first and second walls over a majority of the length; mounting a plurality of plastic connectors to the aluminum extrusion, each of the plastic connectors having a first fluid port engaging one of the first plurality of holes and a second fluid port engaging one of the second plurality of holes; and fluidly coupling a battery cooling plate to each one of the plurality of plastic connectors. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of fluidly coupling a battery cooling plate to each one of the plurality of plastic connectors includes extending a hose between the plastic connector and a coolant inlet of the battery cooling plate to create a flow path between the coolant inlet of the battery cooling plate and one of the first plurality of holes, and extending a hose between the plastic connector and a coolant outlet of the battery cooling plate to create a flow path between the coolant outlet of the battery cooling plate and one of the second plurality of holes. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
forming a third plurality of holes through a first flange of the aluminum extrusion extending from the first wall; forming a fourth plurality of holes through a second flange of the aluminum extrusion extending from the second wall; and securing a threaded stud into each of the third and fourth pluralities of holes, wherein the plastic connecters are mounted to the aluminum extrusion using the threaded studs. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth pluralities of holes are arranged in groups, each group consisting of one of the first pluralities of holes, one of the second pluralities of holes, one of the third pluralities of holes, and one of the fourth pluralities of holes, the holes of each group being arranged along a straight line that is at an oblique angle to the length direction of the aluminum extrusion. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the steps of forming the first plurality of holes, forming the second plurality of holes, and removing material are accomplished by laser cutting. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of mounting a plurality of plastic connectors to the aluminum extrusion creates fluid seals between the plurality of plastic connectors and the first and second pluralities of holes. 19. A coolant manifold for a battery cooling system, comprising:
an aluminum extrusion at least partially defining a first coolant chamber and a second coolant chamber; a plurality of plastic connectors mounted to the aluminum extrusion, each of the plastic connectors having a coolant inlet port and a coolant outlet port; and a plurality of seals arranged between the plurality of plastic connectors and the aluminum extrusion, each of the seals surrounding a hole in the aluminum extrusion to provide a leak-free flow path between one of the first and second coolant chambers and one of the coolant inlet and outlet ports. 20. The coolant manifold of claim 19, further comprising:
a first end cap sealingly attached to a first end of the aluminum extrusion; a second end cap sealingly attached to a second end of the aluminum extrusion opposite the first end; a coolant inlet connection provided in one of the first and second end caps to allow for the flow of coolant into one of the first and second coolant chambers; and a coolant outlet connection provided in one of the first and second ends caps to allow for the flow of coolant out of the other of the first and second coolant chambers. | 3,600 |
345,308 | 16,643,201 | 3,667 | A wireless communication device, system and method. The device comprises a memory and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the memory storing instructions, the processing circuitry to execute the instructions to decode an access point (AP) trigger frame from a coordinator AP including information on respective resource allocations to a plurality of APs (AP resource allocations) for simultaneous downlink (DL) data transmissions to a plurality of wireless stations (scheduled STAs). The processing circuitry is to cause transmission of a wireless frame to a plurality of scheduled STAs associated with the corresponding AP (associated scheduled STAs). The wireless frame includes information on a resource allocation by the coordinator AP to the corresponding AP for the simultaneous DL transmissions, and information on respective resource allocations to the associated scheduled STAs for data transmission from the corresponding AP. | 1. A wireless communication device comprising a memory storing logic, and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuitry to execute the logic to:
decode an access point (AP) trigger frame from a coordinator AP, the AP trigger frame including information on respective resource allocations to a plurality of APs (AP resource allocations) for simultaneous downlink (DL) data transmissions from the plurality of APs to a plurality of wireless stations (scheduled STAs), the plurality of APs including the coordinator AP and an AP corresponding to the wireless communication device (corresponding AP); cause transmission of a wireless frame to a plurality of scheduled STAs associated with the corresponding AP (associated scheduled STAs), the wireless frame including information on a resource allocation by the coordinator AP to the corresponding AP (corresponding AP resource allocation) for the simultaneous DL transmissions, and information on respective resource allocations to the associated scheduled STAs (associated scheduled STA resource allocations) for data transmission from the corresponding AP; encode data for transmission to the associated scheduled STAs based on the corresponding AP resource allocation and on the associated STA resource allocations; and cause transmission of the data. 2. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes the data. 3. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion, the AP resource allocation portion including, on a same frequency band, information on AP resource allocations for the plurality of APs. 4. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion including information on the corresponding AP resource allocation, the AP resource allocation portion to use a frequency band relating to the corresponding AP resource allocation. 5. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and a STA resource allocation portion including information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations, the STA resource allocation portion to use respective frequency bands for respective ones of the associated scheduled STA resource allocations. 6. The wireless communication device of claim 5, wherein the HE preamble portion includes a HE signal (SIG) B field (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-B including information on the AP resource allocations. 7. The wireless communication device of claim 6, wherein the common preamble portion further includes a HE Short Training Field (HE-STF), a HE Long Training field (HE-LTF). 8. The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein:
the STA resource allocation portion includes a Next Generation (NG) signal (SIG) field (NG-SIG), the NG-SIG to be part of the common preamble portion, to be after the HE-SIG-B in a time domain, and further to be one of before or after the HE-STF and the HE-LTF in the time domain; and a payload portion following the common preamble portion, the payload portion including the data. 9. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion, the HE preamble portion including:
a HE signal (SIG) B field (HE-SIG-B) including information on the AP resource allocations;
a HE Short Training Field (HE-STF); and
a HE Long Training field (HE-LTF); and
a payload portion following the common preamble portion, the payload portion including a STA resource allocation portion that includes information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations, the information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations being on respective frequency bands of the payload portion for respective ones of the associated scheduled STAs. 10. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame is an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) frame. 11. The wireless communication device of claim 1, further including a radio integrated circuit coupled to the processing circuitry, and a front-end module coupled to the radio integrated circuit. 12. The wireless communication device of claim 11, further including a plurality of antennas coupled to the front-end module. 13. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor to implement operations at a wireless communication device, the operations comprising:
decoding an access point (AP) trigger frame from a coordinator AP, the AP trigger frame including information on respective resource allocations to a plurality of APs (AP resource allocations) for simultaneous downlink (DL) data transmissions from the plurality of APs to a plurality of wireless stations (scheduled STAs), the plurality of APs including the coordinator AP and an AP corresponding to the wireless communication device (corresponding AP); causing transmission of a wireless frame to a plurality of scheduled STAs associated with the corresponding AP (associated scheduled STAs), the wireless frame including information on a resource allocation by the coordinator AP to the corresponding AP (corresponding AP resource allocation) for the simultaneous DL transmissions, and information on respective resource allocations to the associated scheduled STAs (associated scheduled STA resource allocations) for data transmission from the corresponding AP; encoding data for transmission to the associated scheduled STAs based on the corresponding AP resource allocation and on the associated STA resource allocations; and causing transmission of the data. 14. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes the data. 15. (canceled) 16. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion, the AP resource allocation portion including, on a same frequency band, information on AP resource allocations for the plurality of APs. 17. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion including information on the corresponding AP resource allocation, the AP resource allocation portion to use a frequency band relating to the corresponding AP resource allocation. 18. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and a STA resource allocation portion including information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations, the STA resource allocation portion to use respective frequency bands for respective ones of the associated scheduled STA resource allocations. 19. The product of claim 18, wherein the HE preamble portion includes a HE signal (SIG) B field (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-B including information on the AP resource allocations. 20. The product of claim 19, wherein the common preamble portion further includes a HE Short Training Field (HE-STF), a HE Long Training field (HE-LTF). 21. The product of claim 20, wherein:
the STA resource allocation portion includes a Next Generation (NG) signal (SIG) field (NG-SIG), the NG-SIG to be part of the common preamble portion, to be after the HE-SIG-B in a time domain, and further to be one of before or after the HE-STF and the HE-LTF in the time domain; and a payload portion following the common preamble portion, the payload portion including the data. 22. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion, the HE preamble portion including: a HE signal (SIG) B field (HE-SIG-B) including information on the AP resource allocations; a HE Short Training Field (HE-STF); and a HE Long Training field (HE-LTF); and a payload portion following the common preamble portion, the payload portion including a STA resource allocation portion that includes information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations. 23. A wireless communication device comprising:
means for decoding an access point (AP) trigger frame from a coordinator AP, the AP trigger frame including information on respective resource allocations to a plurality of APs (AP resource allocations) for simultaneous downlink (DL) data transmissions from the plurality of APs to a plurality of wireless stations (scheduled STAs), the plurality of APs including the coordinator AP and an AP corresponding to the wireless communication device (corresponding AP); means for causing transmission of a wireless frame to a plurality of scheduled STAs associated with the corresponding AP (associated scheduled STAs), the wireless frame including information on a resource allocation by the coordinator AP to the corresponding AP (corresponding AP resource allocation) for the simultaneous DL transmissions, and information on respective resource allocations to the associated scheduled STAs (associated scheduled STA resource allocations) for data transmission from the corresponding AP; means for encoding data for transmission to the associated scheduled STAs based on the corresponding AP resource allocation and on the associated STA resource allocations; and means for causing transmission of the data. 24. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the wireless frame includes the data. 25. (canceled) 26. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion, the AP resource allocation portion including, on a same frequency band, information on AP resource allocations for the plurality of APs. 27. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion including information on the corresponding AP resource allocation, the AP resource allocation portion to use a frequency band relating to the corresponding AP resource allocation. | A wireless communication device, system and method. The device comprises a memory and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the memory storing instructions, the processing circuitry to execute the instructions to decode an access point (AP) trigger frame from a coordinator AP including information on respective resource allocations to a plurality of APs (AP resource allocations) for simultaneous downlink (DL) data transmissions to a plurality of wireless stations (scheduled STAs). The processing circuitry is to cause transmission of a wireless frame to a plurality of scheduled STAs associated with the corresponding AP (associated scheduled STAs). The wireless frame includes information on a resource allocation by the coordinator AP to the corresponding AP for the simultaneous DL transmissions, and information on respective resource allocations to the associated scheduled STAs for data transmission from the corresponding AP.1. A wireless communication device comprising a memory storing logic, and processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuitry to execute the logic to:
decode an access point (AP) trigger frame from a coordinator AP, the AP trigger frame including information on respective resource allocations to a plurality of APs (AP resource allocations) for simultaneous downlink (DL) data transmissions from the plurality of APs to a plurality of wireless stations (scheduled STAs), the plurality of APs including the coordinator AP and an AP corresponding to the wireless communication device (corresponding AP); cause transmission of a wireless frame to a plurality of scheduled STAs associated with the corresponding AP (associated scheduled STAs), the wireless frame including information on a resource allocation by the coordinator AP to the corresponding AP (corresponding AP resource allocation) for the simultaneous DL transmissions, and information on respective resource allocations to the associated scheduled STAs (associated scheduled STA resource allocations) for data transmission from the corresponding AP; encode data for transmission to the associated scheduled STAs based on the corresponding AP resource allocation and on the associated STA resource allocations; and cause transmission of the data. 2. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes the data. 3. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion, the AP resource allocation portion including, on a same frequency band, information on AP resource allocations for the plurality of APs. 4. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion including information on the corresponding AP resource allocation, the AP resource allocation portion to use a frequency band relating to the corresponding AP resource allocation. 5. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and a STA resource allocation portion including information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations, the STA resource allocation portion to use respective frequency bands for respective ones of the associated scheduled STA resource allocations. 6. The wireless communication device of claim 5, wherein the HE preamble portion includes a HE signal (SIG) B field (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-B including information on the AP resource allocations. 7. The wireless communication device of claim 6, wherein the common preamble portion further includes a HE Short Training Field (HE-STF), a HE Long Training field (HE-LTF). 8. The wireless communication device of claim 7, wherein:
the STA resource allocation portion includes a Next Generation (NG) signal (SIG) field (NG-SIG), the NG-SIG to be part of the common preamble portion, to be after the HE-SIG-B in a time domain, and further to be one of before or after the HE-STF and the HE-LTF in the time domain; and a payload portion following the common preamble portion, the payload portion including the data. 9. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion, the HE preamble portion including:
a HE signal (SIG) B field (HE-SIG-B) including information on the AP resource allocations;
a HE Short Training Field (HE-STF); and
a HE Long Training field (HE-LTF); and
a payload portion following the common preamble portion, the payload portion including a STA resource allocation portion that includes information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations, the information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations being on respective frequency bands of the payload portion for respective ones of the associated scheduled STAs. 10. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the wireless frame is an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) frame. 11. The wireless communication device of claim 1, further including a radio integrated circuit coupled to the processing circuitry, and a front-end module coupled to the radio integrated circuit. 12. The wireless communication device of claim 11, further including a plurality of antennas coupled to the front-end module. 13. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor to implement operations at a wireless communication device, the operations comprising:
decoding an access point (AP) trigger frame from a coordinator AP, the AP trigger frame including information on respective resource allocations to a plurality of APs (AP resource allocations) for simultaneous downlink (DL) data transmissions from the plurality of APs to a plurality of wireless stations (scheduled STAs), the plurality of APs including the coordinator AP and an AP corresponding to the wireless communication device (corresponding AP); causing transmission of a wireless frame to a plurality of scheduled STAs associated with the corresponding AP (associated scheduled STAs), the wireless frame including information on a resource allocation by the coordinator AP to the corresponding AP (corresponding AP resource allocation) for the simultaneous DL transmissions, and information on respective resource allocations to the associated scheduled STAs (associated scheduled STA resource allocations) for data transmission from the corresponding AP; encoding data for transmission to the associated scheduled STAs based on the corresponding AP resource allocation and on the associated STA resource allocations; and causing transmission of the data. 14. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes the data. 15. (canceled) 16. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion, the AP resource allocation portion including, on a same frequency band, information on AP resource allocations for the plurality of APs. 17. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion including information on the corresponding AP resource allocation, the AP resource allocation portion to use a frequency band relating to the corresponding AP resource allocation. 18. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and a STA resource allocation portion including information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations, the STA resource allocation portion to use respective frequency bands for respective ones of the associated scheduled STA resource allocations. 19. The product of claim 18, wherein the HE preamble portion includes a HE signal (SIG) B field (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-B including information on the AP resource allocations. 20. The product of claim 19, wherein the common preamble portion further includes a HE Short Training Field (HE-STF), a HE Long Training field (HE-LTF). 21. The product of claim 20, wherein:
the STA resource allocation portion includes a Next Generation (NG) signal (SIG) field (NG-SIG), the NG-SIG to be part of the common preamble portion, to be after the HE-SIG-B in a time domain, and further to be one of before or after the HE-STF and the HE-LTF in the time domain; and a payload portion following the common preamble portion, the payload portion including the data. 22. The product of claim 13, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion, the HE preamble portion including: a HE signal (SIG) B field (HE-SIG-B) including information on the AP resource allocations; a HE Short Training Field (HE-STF); and a HE Long Training field (HE-LTF); and a payload portion following the common preamble portion, the payload portion including a STA resource allocation portion that includes information on associated scheduled STA resource allocations. 23. A wireless communication device comprising:
means for decoding an access point (AP) trigger frame from a coordinator AP, the AP trigger frame including information on respective resource allocations to a plurality of APs (AP resource allocations) for simultaneous downlink (DL) data transmissions from the plurality of APs to a plurality of wireless stations (scheduled STAs), the plurality of APs including the coordinator AP and an AP corresponding to the wireless communication device (corresponding AP); means for causing transmission of a wireless frame to a plurality of scheduled STAs associated with the corresponding AP (associated scheduled STAs), the wireless frame including information on a resource allocation by the coordinator AP to the corresponding AP (corresponding AP resource allocation) for the simultaneous DL transmissions, and information on respective resource allocations to the associated scheduled STAs (associated scheduled STA resource allocations) for data transmission from the corresponding AP; means for encoding data for transmission to the associated scheduled STAs based on the corresponding AP resource allocation and on the associated STA resource allocations; and means for causing transmission of the data. 24. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the wireless frame includes the data. 25. (canceled) 26. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion, the AP resource allocation portion including, on a same frequency band, information on AP resource allocations for the plurality of APs. 27. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the wireless frame includes:
a common preamble portion common to the plurality of APs, the common preamble portion including a legacy preamble portion and a high efficiency (HE) preamble portion; and an AP resource allocation portion including information on the corresponding AP resource allocation, the AP resource allocation portion to use a frequency band relating to the corresponding AP resource allocation. | 3,600 |
345,309 | 16,643,227 | 3,781 | The present invention protects, a disposable diaper with two opposite transverse sides, two opposite longitudinal sides, a front portion, a back portion and a crotch portion, basically formed by a chassis, a pair of front ears placed in the front area of the diaper, a pair of rear ears placed in the back area of the diaper, a traditional fastening system consisting of a pair of fastening elements joined or associated to the rear ears and a front band or tape and an additional fastening system, such that the additional fastening system is formed by at least one additional fastening element placed on the outer side of each one of the front ears of the diaper that are attached to the inner part of the diaper when placing it on the user. | 1. A disposable absorbent article comprising:
two opposite transverse sides (4 a,4 b) running parallel to a transverse axis; two opposite longitudinal sides (3 a,3 b) extending between, and perpendicular to, said transverse sides (4 a,4 b); a front portion (5), a back portion (7), and a crotch portion (6) extending therebetween, forming a chassis (1) having a garment facing surface extending opposite a skin facing surface; a pair of front ears (15) comprising a proximal edge (20) coupled to the front portion (5) of the chassis (1) and a distal edge (21) spaced away from the chassis (1), and having a garment facing surface extending opposite a skin facing surface; a pair of rear ears (14) comprising a proximal edge (27) coupled to the back portion (7) of the chassis (1) and a distal edge (28) spaced away from the chassis (1), and having a garment facing surface extending opposite a skin facing surface; a first fastening system comprising one or more fastening elements (22) coupled to each of the rear ears (14), and a distinct frontal landing zone (24) for fastening of the one or more fastening elements (22) thereto; wherein the absorbent article comprises an additional fastening system, characterized in that the additional fastening system comprises at least one additional fastening element (23) positioned on the garment facing surface of each one of said front ears (15) and arranged such that the additional fastening element (23) is secured to the skin facing surface of the chassis and/or of the rear ears (14) when the absorbent article is worn by a user, and wherein the front ears (15) are shorter than the rear ears (14) along an axis perpendicular to the transverse axis so that when worn by the user, said front ears (15) are completely covered by the back portion (7) of the chassis and/or rear ears (14), and wherein the shear force between the additional fastening element (23) and the skin facing surface of the chassis and/or of the rear ears (14), measured according the test method described in the description section, is between 43.5 N/cm2 and 80 N/cm2. 2. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the front ears and the rear ears (15,14) comprise a maximum length “I” and “L” respectively, corresponding to the length of the proximal edges (20,27) of the front and rear ears (15,14), wherein said front and rear ears (15,14) also comprise a maximum width “w” and “W” respectively, that corresponds to maximum transverse distance from the proximal edge (20,27) to the distal edge (21,28) of each ear, so that the maximum length “I” of the front ears (15) is at most 70% of the maximum length “L” of the rear ears (14) and wherein the maximum width “w” of the front ears (15) is at most 60% of the maximum width “W” of the rear ears (14). 3. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) comprises one or more strips of hooks, disposed along each of the front ears. 4. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 3, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) consists of a plurality of said strips. 5. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) comprises one or more distinct patches comprising a plurality of hooks, said patches having a shape selected from the group consisting of circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, hearts, stars, lines, pentagons, hexagons, octagons, trapezes, polygons and combinations thereof. 6. (canceled) 7. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) comprises two or more parallel strips extending along an axis perpendicular to the transverse axis. 8. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) covers at least 10% of the garment facing surface of each one of the front ears (15). 9. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) is placed at a distance from a proximal edge (20) of the front ears (15), said distance being at least 25% to less than 100% of the ear maximum width “w”. 10. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the front ears (15) comprise a non-woven fabric having a basis weight of less than 30 g/m2. 11. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) comprises a plurality of distinct regions consisting of hooks and each separated by one or more further regions free of hooks, and wherein said plurality of distinct regions are aligned at least along an axis perpendicular to the transverse axis. 12. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 11, characterized in that the plurality of distinct regions are skewed along an axis substantially parallel to the transverse axis, such that an axis running parallel to the transverse axis and crossing the mid-point of one of said regions does not intersect with at least one of the neighboring distinct regions. 13. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening elements (22) are disposed on a skin facing surface of the rear ears (14). 14. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear ears (14) are elastic and comprise an elastic web material. 15. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer forming the skin facing surface of the chassis (1) and/or of the rear ears (14), to which the additional fastening element (23) is directly adhered to when the absorbent article is worn by a user, consists of a nonwoven layer. 16. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 15, characterized in that the nonwoven layer is embossed or corrugated such that a plurality of peaks and valleys are formed onto which hooks may adhere. 17. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) covers at least 80% of the garment facing surface of each one of the front ears (15). 18. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) covers from 90% to 100% of the garment facing surface of each one of the front ears (15). 19. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 11, characterized in that the plurality of distinct regions are skewed along an axis substantially parallel to the transverse axis, such that an axis running parallel to the transverse axis and crossing the mid-point of one of said regions does not intersect with all neighboring distinct regions. 20. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 14, characterized in that the rear ears (14) comprise an elastic film laminated between at least two nonwoven layers. 21. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 15 wherein the nonwoven layer is a spunbond nonwoven layer. | The present invention protects, a disposable diaper with two opposite transverse sides, two opposite longitudinal sides, a front portion, a back portion and a crotch portion, basically formed by a chassis, a pair of front ears placed in the front area of the diaper, a pair of rear ears placed in the back area of the diaper, a traditional fastening system consisting of a pair of fastening elements joined or associated to the rear ears and a front band or tape and an additional fastening system, such that the additional fastening system is formed by at least one additional fastening element placed on the outer side of each one of the front ears of the diaper that are attached to the inner part of the diaper when placing it on the user.1. A disposable absorbent article comprising:
two opposite transverse sides (4 a,4 b) running parallel to a transverse axis; two opposite longitudinal sides (3 a,3 b) extending between, and perpendicular to, said transverse sides (4 a,4 b); a front portion (5), a back portion (7), and a crotch portion (6) extending therebetween, forming a chassis (1) having a garment facing surface extending opposite a skin facing surface; a pair of front ears (15) comprising a proximal edge (20) coupled to the front portion (5) of the chassis (1) and a distal edge (21) spaced away from the chassis (1), and having a garment facing surface extending opposite a skin facing surface; a pair of rear ears (14) comprising a proximal edge (27) coupled to the back portion (7) of the chassis (1) and a distal edge (28) spaced away from the chassis (1), and having a garment facing surface extending opposite a skin facing surface; a first fastening system comprising one or more fastening elements (22) coupled to each of the rear ears (14), and a distinct frontal landing zone (24) for fastening of the one or more fastening elements (22) thereto; wherein the absorbent article comprises an additional fastening system, characterized in that the additional fastening system comprises at least one additional fastening element (23) positioned on the garment facing surface of each one of said front ears (15) and arranged such that the additional fastening element (23) is secured to the skin facing surface of the chassis and/or of the rear ears (14) when the absorbent article is worn by a user, and wherein the front ears (15) are shorter than the rear ears (14) along an axis perpendicular to the transverse axis so that when worn by the user, said front ears (15) are completely covered by the back portion (7) of the chassis and/or rear ears (14), and wherein the shear force between the additional fastening element (23) and the skin facing surface of the chassis and/or of the rear ears (14), measured according the test method described in the description section, is between 43.5 N/cm2 and 80 N/cm2. 2. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the front ears and the rear ears (15,14) comprise a maximum length “I” and “L” respectively, corresponding to the length of the proximal edges (20,27) of the front and rear ears (15,14), wherein said front and rear ears (15,14) also comprise a maximum width “w” and “W” respectively, that corresponds to maximum transverse distance from the proximal edge (20,27) to the distal edge (21,28) of each ear, so that the maximum length “I” of the front ears (15) is at most 70% of the maximum length “L” of the rear ears (14) and wherein the maximum width “w” of the front ears (15) is at most 60% of the maximum width “W” of the rear ears (14). 3. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) comprises one or more strips of hooks, disposed along each of the front ears. 4. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 3, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) consists of a plurality of said strips. 5. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) comprises one or more distinct patches comprising a plurality of hooks, said patches having a shape selected from the group consisting of circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, hearts, stars, lines, pentagons, hexagons, octagons, trapezes, polygons and combinations thereof. 6. (canceled) 7. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) comprises two or more parallel strips extending along an axis perpendicular to the transverse axis. 8. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) covers at least 10% of the garment facing surface of each one of the front ears (15). 9. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) is placed at a distance from a proximal edge (20) of the front ears (15), said distance being at least 25% to less than 100% of the ear maximum width “w”. 10. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the front ears (15) comprise a non-woven fabric having a basis weight of less than 30 g/m2. 11. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) comprises a plurality of distinct regions consisting of hooks and each separated by one or more further regions free of hooks, and wherein said plurality of distinct regions are aligned at least along an axis perpendicular to the transverse axis. 12. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 11, characterized in that the plurality of distinct regions are skewed along an axis substantially parallel to the transverse axis, such that an axis running parallel to the transverse axis and crossing the mid-point of one of said regions does not intersect with at least one of the neighboring distinct regions. 13. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening elements (22) are disposed on a skin facing surface of the rear ears (14). 14. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear ears (14) are elastic and comprise an elastic web material. 15. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer forming the skin facing surface of the chassis (1) and/or of the rear ears (14), to which the additional fastening element (23) is directly adhered to when the absorbent article is worn by a user, consists of a nonwoven layer. 16. A disposable absorbent article according to claim 15, characterized in that the nonwoven layer is embossed or corrugated such that a plurality of peaks and valleys are formed onto which hooks may adhere. 17. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) covers at least 80% of the garment facing surface of each one of the front ears (15). 18. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fastening element (23) covers from 90% to 100% of the garment facing surface of each one of the front ears (15). 19. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 11, characterized in that the plurality of distinct regions are skewed along an axis substantially parallel to the transverse axis, such that an axis running parallel to the transverse axis and crossing the mid-point of one of said regions does not intersect with all neighboring distinct regions. 20. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 14, characterized in that the rear ears (14) comprise an elastic film laminated between at least two nonwoven layers. 21. The disposable absorbent article according to claim 15 wherein the nonwoven layer is a spunbond nonwoven layer. | 3,700 |
345,310 | 16,643,219 | 3,781 | A display device, including a backplane, and a power generation component disposed on the backplane for converting kinetic energy generated by movement of the display device into electric energy and supplying power to the display device using the generated electric energy, the power generation component includes a generator, and a swing component with an eccentric structure, the swing component being connected to the generator and swingable during movement of the display device, so as to drive the generator to operate. | 1. A display device, comprising a backplane, and at least one power generation component disposed on the backplane for converting kinetic energy generated by movement of the display device into electric energy and supplying power to the display device using the electric energy, each of the at least one power generation component comprising a generator and a swing component with an eccentric structure, the swing component being connected to the generator and swingable during movement of the display device, so as to drive the generator to operate. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the swing component comprises an eccentric pendulum or an eccentric balance. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein each power generation component further comprises a transmission component located between and respectively connected to the swing component and the generator for transmitting motion of the connected swing component to the generator. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the transmission component comprises a ratchet and a gear engaged with each other, the connected swing component is connected to a first central hole in the ratchet, and the generator is connected to a second central hole in the gear. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein a transmission ratio of the gear to the ratchet is 3-6. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the transmission component further comprises a stop pawl disposed at a periphery of the ratchet with one end located between two adjacent teeth of the ratchet so that the ratchet is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein six power generation components are provided. 8. The display device according to claim 7, further comprising a shared first battery connected to each power generation component for storing the electric energy converted by the power generation component. 9. The display device according to claim 8, further comprising a second battery for supplying power to the display device, the first battery being connected to the second battery and further configured to charge the second battery. 10. The display device according to claim 9, further comprising a shared controller connected to the first battery for controlling the first battery to charge the second battery when the display device is in a standby or power-off state. | A display device, including a backplane, and a power generation component disposed on the backplane for converting kinetic energy generated by movement of the display device into electric energy and supplying power to the display device using the generated electric energy, the power generation component includes a generator, and a swing component with an eccentric structure, the swing component being connected to the generator and swingable during movement of the display device, so as to drive the generator to operate.1. A display device, comprising a backplane, and at least one power generation component disposed on the backplane for converting kinetic energy generated by movement of the display device into electric energy and supplying power to the display device using the electric energy, each of the at least one power generation component comprising a generator and a swing component with an eccentric structure, the swing component being connected to the generator and swingable during movement of the display device, so as to drive the generator to operate. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the swing component comprises an eccentric pendulum or an eccentric balance. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein each power generation component further comprises a transmission component located between and respectively connected to the swing component and the generator for transmitting motion of the connected swing component to the generator. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the transmission component comprises a ratchet and a gear engaged with each other, the connected swing component is connected to a first central hole in the ratchet, and the generator is connected to a second central hole in the gear. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein a transmission ratio of the gear to the ratchet is 3-6. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the transmission component further comprises a stop pawl disposed at a periphery of the ratchet with one end located between two adjacent teeth of the ratchet so that the ratchet is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein six power generation components are provided. 8. The display device according to claim 7, further comprising a shared first battery connected to each power generation component for storing the electric energy converted by the power generation component. 9. The display device according to claim 8, further comprising a second battery for supplying power to the display device, the first battery being connected to the second battery and further configured to charge the second battery. 10. The display device according to claim 9, further comprising a shared controller connected to the first battery for controlling the first battery to charge the second battery when the display device is in a standby or power-off state. | 3,700 |
345,311 | 16,643,172 | 3,781 | A cement kiln burner device includes a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, a first air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, having means for swirling an air flow, an outer air flow-channel group placed concentrically in an outermost side outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, having three or more second air flow channels adapted to form means for straightly forwarding an air flow, and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the first air flow channel. The second air flow channels are placed proximally to each other in a radial direction within a range where air flows ejected from the respective second air flow channels are merged to form a single air flow, and are configured to control flow rates of the air flow ejected from the respective second air flow channels, independently for each second air flow channel. | 1. A cement kiln burner device including a plurality of flow channels partitioned by a plurality of concentric cylindrical members, the cement kiln burner device comprising:
a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel including means for swirling a powdered solid fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the first air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; an outer air flow-channel group placed concentrically in an outermost side outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the outer air flow-channel group including three or more second air flow channels adapted to form means for straightly forwarding an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the first air flow channel, wherein the three or more second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group are placed proximally to each other in a radial direction within a range where air flows ejected from the respective second air flow channels are merged to form a single air flow, and are configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the respective second air flow channels, independently for each second air flow channel. 2. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, wherein
at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, is divided in a circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the respective opening portions, independently for each opening portion. 3. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, wherein
two or more second air flow channels, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, are configured to control the flow rates of the air flows ejected from the respective opening portions, which are four or more divisions in the circumferential direction, independently for each opening portion, and the respective opening portions included in the respective second air flow channels are placed in concentric circular arc shapes at common deflection angles on polar coordinates with an origin point at an axis center, when being taken along a plane orthogonal to the axis center. 4. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, further comprising a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the outer air flow-channel group, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow. 5. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, comprising ejecting an air flow from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, wherein
air flows ejected from all the second air flow channels have a flow velocity of 400 m/s or less at a burner tip. 6. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, comprising operating the cement kiln burner device while changing a flow rate of an air flow ejected from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group. 7. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein an air flow containing a powdered solid fuel which is ejected from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle larger than 0 degree and equal to or less than 15 degrees at the burner tip. 8. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein an air flow ejected from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 9. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein
the air flow containing the powdered solid fuel which is ejected from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a flow velocity of 30 m/s to 80 m/s at the burner tip, the air flow ejected from the first air flow channel has a flow velocity of 5 m/s to 240 m/s at the burner tip, and an air flow containing a combustible solid waste which is ejected from the combustible-solid-waste flow channel has a flow velocity of 30 m/s to 80 m/s at the burner tip. 10. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein
the cement kiln burner device further includes a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the outer air flow-channel group, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow, and an air flow ejected from the third air flow channel has a swirl angle of 1 degree to 50 degrees at the burner tip, and further has a flow velocity of 60 m/s to 240 m/s at the burner tip. 11. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein a combustible solid waste ejected from the combustible-solid-waste flow channel has a particle size of 30 mm or less. 12. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, further comprising a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the outer air flow-channel group, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow. 13. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, further comprising a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the outer air flow-channel group, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow. 14. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, comprising ejecting an air flow from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, wherein
air flows ejected from all the second air flow channels have a flow velocity of 400 m/s or less at a burner tip. 15. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, comprising ejecting an air flow from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, wherein
air flows ejected from all the second air flow channels have a flow velocity of 400 m/s or less at a burner tip. 16. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, comprising ejecting an air flow from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, wherein
air flows ejected from all the second air flow channels have a flow velocity of 400 m/s or less at a burner tip. 17. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 14, comprising operating the cement kiln burner device while changing a flow rate of an air flow ejected from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group. 18. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 15, comprising operating the cement kiln burner device while changing a flow rate of an air flow ejected from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group. 19. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 16, comprising operating the cement kiln burner device while changing a flow rate of an air flow ejected from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group. | A cement kiln burner device includes a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, a first air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, having means for swirling an air flow, an outer air flow-channel group placed concentrically in an outermost side outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, having three or more second air flow channels adapted to form means for straightly forwarding an air flow, and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the first air flow channel. The second air flow channels are placed proximally to each other in a radial direction within a range where air flows ejected from the respective second air flow channels are merged to form a single air flow, and are configured to control flow rates of the air flow ejected from the respective second air flow channels, independently for each second air flow channel.1. A cement kiln burner device including a plurality of flow channels partitioned by a plurality of concentric cylindrical members, the cement kiln burner device comprising:
a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel including means for swirling a powdered solid fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the first air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; an outer air flow-channel group placed concentrically in an outermost side outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the outer air flow-channel group including three or more second air flow channels adapted to form means for straightly forwarding an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the first air flow channel, wherein the three or more second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group are placed proximally to each other in a radial direction within a range where air flows ejected from the respective second air flow channels are merged to form a single air flow, and are configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the respective second air flow channels, independently for each second air flow channel. 2. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, wherein
at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, is divided in a circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the respective opening portions, independently for each opening portion. 3. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, wherein
two or more second air flow channels, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, are configured to control the flow rates of the air flows ejected from the respective opening portions, which are four or more divisions in the circumferential direction, independently for each opening portion, and the respective opening portions included in the respective second air flow channels are placed in concentric circular arc shapes at common deflection angles on polar coordinates with an origin point at an axis center, when being taken along a plane orthogonal to the axis center. 4. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, further comprising a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the outer air flow-channel group, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow. 5. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, comprising ejecting an air flow from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, wherein
air flows ejected from all the second air flow channels have a flow velocity of 400 m/s or less at a burner tip. 6. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, comprising operating the cement kiln burner device while changing a flow rate of an air flow ejected from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group. 7. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein an air flow containing a powdered solid fuel which is ejected from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle larger than 0 degree and equal to or less than 15 degrees at the burner tip. 8. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein an air flow ejected from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 9. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein
the air flow containing the powdered solid fuel which is ejected from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a flow velocity of 30 m/s to 80 m/s at the burner tip, the air flow ejected from the first air flow channel has a flow velocity of 5 m/s to 240 m/s at the burner tip, and an air flow containing a combustible solid waste which is ejected from the combustible-solid-waste flow channel has a flow velocity of 30 m/s to 80 m/s at the burner tip. 10. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein
the cement kiln burner device further includes a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the outer air flow-channel group, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow, and an air flow ejected from the third air flow channel has a swirl angle of 1 degree to 50 degrees at the burner tip, and further has a flow velocity of 60 m/s to 240 m/s at the burner tip. 11. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein a combustible solid waste ejected from the combustible-solid-waste flow channel has a particle size of 30 mm or less. 12. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, further comprising a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the outer air flow-channel group, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow. 13. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, further comprising a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the outer air flow-channel group, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow. 14. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, comprising ejecting an air flow from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, wherein
air flows ejected from all the second air flow channels have a flow velocity of 400 m/s or less at a burner tip. 15. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, comprising ejecting an air flow from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, wherein
air flows ejected from all the second air flow channels have a flow velocity of 400 m/s or less at a burner tip. 16. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, comprising ejecting an air flow from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group, wherein
air flows ejected from all the second air flow channels have a flow velocity of 400 m/s or less at a burner tip. 17. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 14, comprising operating the cement kiln burner device while changing a flow rate of an air flow ejected from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group. 18. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 15, comprising operating the cement kiln burner device while changing a flow rate of an air flow ejected from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group. 19. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 16, comprising operating the cement kiln burner device while changing a flow rate of an air flow ejected from at least one second air flow channel, out of the second air flow channels constituting the outer air flow-channel group. | 3,700 |
345,312 | 16,643,221 | 3,781 | The embodiments of the present application provide a method and apparatus for recognizing an identity of a human target. The method includes: obtaining a to-be-recognized image; extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items; and determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item. It can be seen that, in this solution, there is no need to extract the facial features in the image, and even if the facial region is not clear or is shaded by other objects in the image, the accuracy of identity recognition is reduced. Therefore, accuracy of identity recognition is improved. | 1. A method for recognizing an identity of a human target, comprising:
obtaining a to-be-recognized image; extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items; wherein, in the correspondence, a pair of a target feature and a corresponding facial information item belongs to a same human target; and determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, obtaining a to-be-recognized image comprises:
receiving a to-be-recognized image input by a user; or obtaining a to-be-recognized image from a designated acquisition device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises:
searching for a facial feature corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial features; determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item comprises: determining the identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial feature. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises:
searching for a facial image corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial images; determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item comprises: determining the identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial image. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature comprises:
extracting an original target feature of the to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image, and calculating a hash value of the original target feature as a to-be-searched hash value; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises: searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched hash value based on a pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched hash value based on a pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items comprises:
calculating a similarity between each of the hash values included in the pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items and the to-be-searched hash value, respectively; and determining a facial information item corresponding to a hash value whose similarity with the to-be-searched hash value meets a preset condition. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, after obtaining a to-be-recognized image, the method further comprises:
determining an acquisition attribute of the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched acquisition attribute; wherein, the acquisition attribute includes a moment and/or a location at which the to-be-recognized image is acquired; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises: searching, in the pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items, for a target acquisition attribute whose difference from the to-be-searched acquisition attribute is less than a preset threshold; and searching, in facial information items corresponding to the target acquisition attribute, for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, after obtaining a to-be-recognized image, and before determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item, the method further comprises:
determining whether there is a facial region that meets a definition requirement in the to-be-recognized image; if there is a facial region that meets the definition requirement, extracting the facial information item from the to-be-recognized image; if there is no facial region that meets the definition requirement, performing the step of extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature. 9-16. (canceled) 17. An electronic device, comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus; wherein, the processor, the communication interface and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus; the memory is configured for storing a computer program; the processor is configured for executing the computer program stored in the memory so as to perform operations of:
obtaining a to-be-recognized image; extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items; wherein, in the correspondence, a pair of a target feature and a corresponding facial information item belongs to a same human target; and determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item. 18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, obtaining a to-be-recognized image comprises:
receiving a to-be-recognized image input by a user; or, obtaining a to-be-recognized image from a designated acquisition device. 19. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises:
searching for a facial feature corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial features; determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item comprises: determining the identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial feature. 20. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises:
searching for a facial image corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial images; determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item comprises: determining the identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial image. 21. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature comprises:
extracting an original target feature of the to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image, and calculating a hash value of the original target feature as a to-be-searched hash value; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises: searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched hash value based on a pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items. 22. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched hash value based on a pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items comprises:
calculating a similarity between each of the hash values included in the pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items and the to-be-searched hash value, respectively; and determining a facial information item corresponding to a hash value whose similarity with the to-be-searched hash value meets a preset condition. 23. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, the processor is further configured for performing operations of:
after obtaining a to-be-recognized image, determining an acquisition attribute of the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched acquisition attribute; wherein, the acquisition attribute includes a moment and/or a location at which the to-be-recognized image is acquired; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises: searching, in the pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items, for a target acquisition attribute whose difference from the to-be-searched acquisition attribute is less than a preset threshold; and searching, in facial information items corresponding to the target acquisition attribute, for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature. 24. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, the processor is further configured for performing operations of:
after obtaining a to-be-recognized image, and before determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item, determining whether there is a facial region that meets a definition requirement in the to-be-recognized image; if there is a facial region that meets the definition requirement, extracting the facial information item from the to-be-recognized image; if there is no facial region that meets the definition requirement, performing the operation of extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature. | The embodiments of the present application provide a method and apparatus for recognizing an identity of a human target. The method includes: obtaining a to-be-recognized image; extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items; and determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item. It can be seen that, in this solution, there is no need to extract the facial features in the image, and even if the facial region is not clear or is shaded by other objects in the image, the accuracy of identity recognition is reduced. Therefore, accuracy of identity recognition is improved.1. A method for recognizing an identity of a human target, comprising:
obtaining a to-be-recognized image; extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items; wherein, in the correspondence, a pair of a target feature and a corresponding facial information item belongs to a same human target; and determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, obtaining a to-be-recognized image comprises:
receiving a to-be-recognized image input by a user; or obtaining a to-be-recognized image from a designated acquisition device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises:
searching for a facial feature corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial features; determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item comprises: determining the identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial feature. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises:
searching for a facial image corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial images; determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item comprises: determining the identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial image. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature comprises:
extracting an original target feature of the to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image, and calculating a hash value of the original target feature as a to-be-searched hash value; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises: searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched hash value based on a pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched hash value based on a pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items comprises:
calculating a similarity between each of the hash values included in the pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items and the to-be-searched hash value, respectively; and determining a facial information item corresponding to a hash value whose similarity with the to-be-searched hash value meets a preset condition. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, after obtaining a to-be-recognized image, the method further comprises:
determining an acquisition attribute of the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched acquisition attribute; wherein, the acquisition attribute includes a moment and/or a location at which the to-be-recognized image is acquired; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises: searching, in the pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items, for a target acquisition attribute whose difference from the to-be-searched acquisition attribute is less than a preset threshold; and searching, in facial information items corresponding to the target acquisition attribute, for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, after obtaining a to-be-recognized image, and before determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item, the method further comprises:
determining whether there is a facial region that meets a definition requirement in the to-be-recognized image; if there is a facial region that meets the definition requirement, extracting the facial information item from the to-be-recognized image; if there is no facial region that meets the definition requirement, performing the step of extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature. 9-16. (canceled) 17. An electronic device, comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus; wherein, the processor, the communication interface and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus; the memory is configured for storing a computer program; the processor is configured for executing the computer program stored in the memory so as to perform operations of:
obtaining a to-be-recognized image; extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items; wherein, in the correspondence, a pair of a target feature and a corresponding facial information item belongs to a same human target; and determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item. 18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, obtaining a to-be-recognized image comprises:
receiving a to-be-recognized image input by a user; or, obtaining a to-be-recognized image from a designated acquisition device. 19. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises:
searching for a facial feature corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial features; determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item comprises: determining the identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial feature. 20. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises:
searching for a facial image corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial images; determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item comprises: determining the identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial image. 21. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature comprises:
extracting an original target feature of the to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image, and calculating a hash value of the original target feature as a to-be-searched hash value; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises: searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched hash value based on a pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items. 22. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein, searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched hash value based on a pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items comprises:
calculating a similarity between each of the hash values included in the pre-established correspondence between hash values and facial information items and the to-be-searched hash value, respectively; and determining a facial information item corresponding to a hash value whose similarity with the to-be-searched hash value meets a preset condition. 23. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, the processor is further configured for performing operations of:
after obtaining a to-be-recognized image, determining an acquisition attribute of the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched acquisition attribute; wherein, the acquisition attribute includes a moment and/or a location at which the to-be-recognized image is acquired; searching for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature based on a pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items comprises: searching, in the pre-established correspondence between target features and facial information items, for a target acquisition attribute whose difference from the to-be-searched acquisition attribute is less than a preset threshold; and searching, in facial information items corresponding to the target acquisition attribute, for a facial information item corresponding to the to-be-searched target feature. 24. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, the processor is further configured for performing operations of:
after obtaining a to-be-recognized image, and before determining an identity of the to-be-recognized human target based on the found facial information item, determining whether there is a facial region that meets a definition requirement in the to-be-recognized image; if there is a facial region that meets the definition requirement, extracting the facial information item from the to-be-recognized image; if there is no facial region that meets the definition requirement, performing the operation of extracting a target feature of a to-be-recognized human target in the to-be-recognized image as a to-be-searched target feature. | 3,700 |
345,313 | 16,643,180 | 3,781 | Embodiments of this invention provide an adaptive marketplace in which customers can place a request for a service and vendors have an opportunity to make an offer to provide the service on behalf of the customer for a particular price. The service request and vendor management is handled by a systems engine. An apparatus is arranged to receive a customer request and identify at least one vendor suitable for satisfying the customer request. The system is arranged to determine a vendor compatibility score, which is dependent on the compatibility of the vendor to the customer request. An estimate is made of the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request. The customer request, customer preferred reference price and the probability of the vendor being selected are provided to the vendor. | 1-28. (canceled) 29. A method for notifying a vendor of a customer request comprising the steps of:
receiving a customer request for a service including at least one customer request criteria; retrieving customer information; identifying at least one vendor suitable for providing the customer request; retrieving vendor information for at least one vendor; for each of the at least one vendor determining a vendor compatibility score, the vendor compatibility score being dependent on the compatibility of the vendor to the customer request; wherein for at least one of the identified vendors generating an adaptive vendor pricing index to estimate the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request at at least one customer request reference price using the vendor compatibility scores, customer request information and retrieved customer information; and, providing the customer request, at least one customer request reference price, and the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request at the customer request reference price, to the at least one vendor. 30. A method according to claim 29 comprising the further step of generating a customer score, the customer score being generated using at least one of customer information, and customer request criteria; and wherein the step of generating an adaptive pricing algorithm is performed using the customer score index. 31. A method according to claim 29 wherein customer information includes at least one of:
preselected customer criteria associated with the customer, preselected customer criteria comprising customer preferences, and previous behaviours of the customer. 32. A method according to claim 29 wherein vendor information includes at least one of:
preselected vendor criteria associated with the vendor, preselected vendor criteria comprising vendor preferences, and previous behaviours of the vendor. 33. A method according to claim 29 comprising the further step of determining real time market metrics. 34. A method according to claim 33 wherein real time market metrics comprises at least one of a comparison between supply and demand at the time of the customer request, geographical location of the customer request and at least one standard reference price. 35. A method according to claim 30 wherein the step of generating a customer score, uses at least one of:
system generated capabilities; and
market metrics. 36. A method according to claim 29 wherein the vendor compatibility score is determined using at least one of:
customer request information;
system generated capabilities;
market metrics; and vendor information. 37. A method according to claim 29 wherein the step of generating the adaptive vendor pricing index is performed in dependence on a comparison of multiple vendor compatibility scores for the customer request. 38. A method according to claim 29 wherein the vendor is a suitable vendor if it is located within at least one of: a predefined distance from the customer, or distance from the service location defined in the customer request, at the time of receiving the customer request. 39. A method according to claim 29 wherein the probability of the vendor being selected is a percentage probability. 40. A method according to claim 29 comprising the further step of receiving at least one offer price from at least one vendor, the offer price comprising the customer request reference price selected by the vendor at which the vendor will provide the customer request. 41. A method according to claim 40 comprising the step of transmitting to the customer at least one offer price and vendor information associated with the offer price. 42. An apparatus for notifying a vendor of a customer request comprising:
Receiver for receiving a customer request for a service including at least one customer request criteria; Processor for:
retrieving customer information from a database;
identifying at least one vendor suitable for providing the customer request;
retrieving vendor information for at least one vendor;
for each of the at least one vendor, determining a vendor compatibility score, the vendor compatibility score being dependent on the compatibility of the vendor to the customer request; wherein for at least one of the identified vendors, generating an adaptive vendor pricing index to estimate the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request at at least one customer request reference price using the vendor compatibility scores, customer request information and retrieved customer information; and, providing the customer request, at least one customer request reference price, and the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request at the customer request reference price, to the at least one vendor. 43. An apparatus according to claim 42, the processor further generating a customer score, the customer score being generated using at least one of customer information and customer request criteria; and wherein the step of generating an adaptive pricing algorithm is performed using the customer score index. 44. An apparatus according to claim 42 the processor further determining real time market metrics, the real time market metrics comprising at least one of a comparison between supply and demand at the time of the customer request, geographical location of the customer request, and at least one standard reference price. 45. An apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the step of generating the adaptive vendor pricing index is performed in dependence on a comparison of multiple vendor compatibility scores for the customer request. 46. An apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the vendor is a suitable vendor if it is located within at least one of: a predefined distance from the customer, or distance from the service location defined in the customer request, at the time of receiving the customer request. 47. An apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the receiver receives at least one offer price from the at least one vendor, the offer price comprising the customer request reference price selected by the vendor at which the vendor will provide the customer request. 48. An apparatus according to claim 47 further comprising a transmitter, the transmitter transmitting to the customer at least one offer price and vendor information associated with the offer price. | Embodiments of this invention provide an adaptive marketplace in which customers can place a request for a service and vendors have an opportunity to make an offer to provide the service on behalf of the customer for a particular price. The service request and vendor management is handled by a systems engine. An apparatus is arranged to receive a customer request and identify at least one vendor suitable for satisfying the customer request. The system is arranged to determine a vendor compatibility score, which is dependent on the compatibility of the vendor to the customer request. An estimate is made of the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request. The customer request, customer preferred reference price and the probability of the vendor being selected are provided to the vendor.1-28. (canceled) 29. A method for notifying a vendor of a customer request comprising the steps of:
receiving a customer request for a service including at least one customer request criteria; retrieving customer information; identifying at least one vendor suitable for providing the customer request; retrieving vendor information for at least one vendor; for each of the at least one vendor determining a vendor compatibility score, the vendor compatibility score being dependent on the compatibility of the vendor to the customer request; wherein for at least one of the identified vendors generating an adaptive vendor pricing index to estimate the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request at at least one customer request reference price using the vendor compatibility scores, customer request information and retrieved customer information; and, providing the customer request, at least one customer request reference price, and the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request at the customer request reference price, to the at least one vendor. 30. A method according to claim 29 comprising the further step of generating a customer score, the customer score being generated using at least one of customer information, and customer request criteria; and wherein the step of generating an adaptive pricing algorithm is performed using the customer score index. 31. A method according to claim 29 wherein customer information includes at least one of:
preselected customer criteria associated with the customer, preselected customer criteria comprising customer preferences, and previous behaviours of the customer. 32. A method according to claim 29 wherein vendor information includes at least one of:
preselected vendor criteria associated with the vendor, preselected vendor criteria comprising vendor preferences, and previous behaviours of the vendor. 33. A method according to claim 29 comprising the further step of determining real time market metrics. 34. A method according to claim 33 wherein real time market metrics comprises at least one of a comparison between supply and demand at the time of the customer request, geographical location of the customer request and at least one standard reference price. 35. A method according to claim 30 wherein the step of generating a customer score, uses at least one of:
system generated capabilities; and
market metrics. 36. A method according to claim 29 wherein the vendor compatibility score is determined using at least one of:
customer request information;
system generated capabilities;
market metrics; and vendor information. 37. A method according to claim 29 wherein the step of generating the adaptive vendor pricing index is performed in dependence on a comparison of multiple vendor compatibility scores for the customer request. 38. A method according to claim 29 wherein the vendor is a suitable vendor if it is located within at least one of: a predefined distance from the customer, or distance from the service location defined in the customer request, at the time of receiving the customer request. 39. A method according to claim 29 wherein the probability of the vendor being selected is a percentage probability. 40. A method according to claim 29 comprising the further step of receiving at least one offer price from at least one vendor, the offer price comprising the customer request reference price selected by the vendor at which the vendor will provide the customer request. 41. A method according to claim 40 comprising the step of transmitting to the customer at least one offer price and vendor information associated with the offer price. 42. An apparatus for notifying a vendor of a customer request comprising:
Receiver for receiving a customer request for a service including at least one customer request criteria; Processor for:
retrieving customer information from a database;
identifying at least one vendor suitable for providing the customer request;
retrieving vendor information for at least one vendor;
for each of the at least one vendor, determining a vendor compatibility score, the vendor compatibility score being dependent on the compatibility of the vendor to the customer request; wherein for at least one of the identified vendors, generating an adaptive vendor pricing index to estimate the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request at at least one customer request reference price using the vendor compatibility scores, customer request information and retrieved customer information; and, providing the customer request, at least one customer request reference price, and the probability of the vendor being selected to provide the customer request at the customer request reference price, to the at least one vendor. 43. An apparatus according to claim 42, the processor further generating a customer score, the customer score being generated using at least one of customer information and customer request criteria; and wherein the step of generating an adaptive pricing algorithm is performed using the customer score index. 44. An apparatus according to claim 42 the processor further determining real time market metrics, the real time market metrics comprising at least one of a comparison between supply and demand at the time of the customer request, geographical location of the customer request, and at least one standard reference price. 45. An apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the step of generating the adaptive vendor pricing index is performed in dependence on a comparison of multiple vendor compatibility scores for the customer request. 46. An apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the vendor is a suitable vendor if it is located within at least one of: a predefined distance from the customer, or distance from the service location defined in the customer request, at the time of receiving the customer request. 47. An apparatus according to claim 42 wherein the receiver receives at least one offer price from the at least one vendor, the offer price comprising the customer request reference price selected by the vendor at which the vendor will provide the customer request. 48. An apparatus according to claim 47 further comprising a transmitter, the transmitter transmitting to the customer at least one offer price and vendor information associated with the offer price. | 3,700 |
345,314 | 16,643,193 | 3,781 | Provided is a pneumatic tire having both low rolling resistance and a wet property during ground contact with a low temperature road surface; the pneumatic tire including: a tread part formed by using a rubber composition containing specific amounts of natural rubber, a modified styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, a reinforcing filler, and a thermoplastic resin; and a rubber chafer part formed by using a rubber composition containing a large particle size carbon black identified with a particular physical property. | 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:
a carcass as a skeleton, the carcass formed of one or more carcass plies extending in a toroidal shape across a pair of bead parts; one or more belt layers disposed on the outer side in the tire radial direction of a crown part of the carcass; a tread part disposed on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the belt layer, the tread part forming a tread surface part; and a rubber chafer part disposed on the outer surface in the tire width direction of the bead part; 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the rubber composition for the tread part has a loss tangent: tan δ at 1% strain satisfying tan δ0≤0.5 and tan δ1−tan δ2≤0.07, 3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the rubber composition for the tread part contains one or more thermoplastic resins (B) selected from the group consisting of a C5 resin, a C5-C9 resin, a C9 resin, a terpene resin, a terpene-aromatic compound resin, a rosin resin, a dicyclopentadiene resin, and an alkylphenolic resin. 4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing filler (C) comprises 70% by mass or more of silica in the rubber composition for the tread part. 5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein, in the tread part, the modified styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber is modified with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by General Formula (IV) below: 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a loss tangent: tan δC of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part at 1% strain at 60° C. satisfies tan δC≤0.20. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a relationship between the loss tangent: tan δ0 of the rubber composition for the tread part at 0° C. and the loss tangent: tan δ0 of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part satisfies 0.2≤tan δ0≤0.75. 8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a ply coating rubber in a tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. 9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a member other than the rubber chafer part and the ply coating rubber in the tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. 10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein the rubber composition for the tread part contains one or more thermoplastic resins (B) selected from the group consisting of a C5 resin, a C5-C9 resin, a C9 resin, a terpene resin, a terpene-aromatic compound resin, a rosin resin, a dicyclopentadiene resin, and an alkylphenolic resin. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein the reinforcing filler (C) comprises 70% by mass or more of silica in the rubber composition for the tread part. 12. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2,
wherein, in the tread part, the modified styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber is modified with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by General Formula (IV) below: 13. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a loss tangent: tan δC of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part at 1% strain at 60° C. satisfies tan δC≤0.20. 14. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a relationship between the loss tangent: tan δ0 of the rubber composition for the tread part at 0° C. and the loss tangent: tan δCof the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part satisfies 0.2≤tan δC/tan δ0/tan δ0≤0.75. 15. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a ply coating rubber in a tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. 16. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a member other than the rubber chafer part and the ply coating rubber in the tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. 17. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein, in the tread part, the modified styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber is modified with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by General Formula (IV) below: 18. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein a loss tangent: tan δC of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part at 1% strain at 60° C. satisfies tan δC≤0.20. 19. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein a relationship between the loss tangent: tan δ0 of the rubber composition for the tread part at 0° C. and the loss tangent: tan δC of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part satisfies 0.2≤tan δC/tan δC/tan δ0≤0.75. 20. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a ply coating rubber in a tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. | Provided is a pneumatic tire having both low rolling resistance and a wet property during ground contact with a low temperature road surface; the pneumatic tire including: a tread part formed by using a rubber composition containing specific amounts of natural rubber, a modified styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, a reinforcing filler, and a thermoplastic resin; and a rubber chafer part formed by using a rubber composition containing a large particle size carbon black identified with a particular physical property.1. A pneumatic tire comprising:
a carcass as a skeleton, the carcass formed of one or more carcass plies extending in a toroidal shape across a pair of bead parts; one or more belt layers disposed on the outer side in the tire radial direction of a crown part of the carcass; a tread part disposed on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the belt layer, the tread part forming a tread surface part; and a rubber chafer part disposed on the outer surface in the tire width direction of the bead part; 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the rubber composition for the tread part has a loss tangent: tan δ at 1% strain satisfying tan δ0≤0.5 and tan δ1−tan δ2≤0.07, 3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the rubber composition for the tread part contains one or more thermoplastic resins (B) selected from the group consisting of a C5 resin, a C5-C9 resin, a C9 resin, a terpene resin, a terpene-aromatic compound resin, a rosin resin, a dicyclopentadiene resin, and an alkylphenolic resin. 4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing filler (C) comprises 70% by mass or more of silica in the rubber composition for the tread part. 5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein, in the tread part, the modified styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber is modified with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by General Formula (IV) below: 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a loss tangent: tan δC of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part at 1% strain at 60° C. satisfies tan δC≤0.20. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a relationship between the loss tangent: tan δ0 of the rubber composition for the tread part at 0° C. and the loss tangent: tan δ0 of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part satisfies 0.2≤tan δ0≤0.75. 8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a ply coating rubber in a tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. 9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a member other than the rubber chafer part and the ply coating rubber in the tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. 10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein the rubber composition for the tread part contains one or more thermoplastic resins (B) selected from the group consisting of a C5 resin, a C5-C9 resin, a C9 resin, a terpene resin, a terpene-aromatic compound resin, a rosin resin, a dicyclopentadiene resin, and an alkylphenolic resin. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein the reinforcing filler (C) comprises 70% by mass or more of silica in the rubber composition for the tread part. 12. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2,
wherein, in the tread part, the modified styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber is modified with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by General Formula (IV) below: 13. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a loss tangent: tan δC of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part at 1% strain at 60° C. satisfies tan δC≤0.20. 14. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a relationship between the loss tangent: tan δ0 of the rubber composition for the tread part at 0° C. and the loss tangent: tan δCof the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part satisfies 0.2≤tan δC/tan δ0/tan δ0≤0.75. 15. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a ply coating rubber in a tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. 16. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a member other than the rubber chafer part and the ply coating rubber in the tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. 17. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein, in the tread part, the modified styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber is modified with a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound represented by General Formula (IV) below: 18. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein a loss tangent: tan δC of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part at 1% strain at 60° C. satisfies tan δC≤0.20. 19. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein a relationship between the loss tangent: tan δ0 of the rubber composition for the tread part at 0° C. and the loss tangent: tan δC of the rubber composition for the rubber chafer part satisfies 0.2≤tan δC/tan δC/tan δ0≤0.75. 20. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein a rubber composition comprising a carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area: N2SA from 25 to 43 m2/g is used also in a ply coating rubber in a tire case comprising the rubber chafer part in the pneumatic tire. | 3,700 |
345,315 | 16,643,217 | 3,781 | A work vehicle includes a work implement. A control system for the work vehicle includes an operating device and a controller. The operating device outputs an operation signal indicative of an operation by an operator. The controller communicates with the operating device and controls the work implement. The controller determines a first target design topography. The controller generates a command signal to operate a work implement in accordance with the first target design topography. The controller obtains a displacement amount of the work implement with respect to the first target design topography upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography. The controller determines a second target design topography based on the displacement amount. The controller generates a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the second target design topography. | 1. A control system for a work vehicle including a work implement, the control system comprising:
an operating device that outputs an operation signal indicative of an operation by an operator; and a controller that communicates with the operating device and controls the work implement, the controller being configured to
determine a first target design topography,
generate a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the first target design topography,
obtain a displacement amount of the work implement with respect to the first target design topography upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography,
determine a second target design topography based on the displacement amount, and
generate a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the second target design topography. 2. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to
determine a target depth, and
determine the first target design topography based on the target depth. 3. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 2, wherein
the controller is further configured to
correct the target depth based on the displacement amount, and
determine the second target design topography based on the corrected target depth. 4. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to
obtain actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work sit;
demarcate the actual topography into a plurality of divisions including at least a first division and a second division,
determine the first target design topography for the first division, and
determine the second target design topography for the second division. 5. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to, upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, correct the first target design topography by displacing the first target design topography by the displacement amount in a vertical direction. 6. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 2, wherein
the controller is further configured to
obtain actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work site,
obtain, based on the actual topography data, positions of a plurality of division points positioned on the actual topography,
determine a plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in a vertical direction by the target depth, and
determine the first target design topography based on the plurality of reference points. 7. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 6, wherein
the controller is further configured to
correct the target depth based on the displacement amount, and
upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, determine the second target design topography from the plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in the vertical direction by the corrected target depth. 8. A method executed by a controller for controlling a work vehicle including a work implement, the method comprising:
determining a first target design topography; generating a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the first target design topography; receiving an operation signal indicative of an operation by an operator from an operating device; obtaining a displacement amount of the work implement with respect to the first target design topography upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography; determining a second target design topography based on the displacement amount; and generating a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the second target design topography. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
determining a target depth, the first target design topography being determined based on the target depth. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
correcting the target depth based on the displacement amount, the second target design topography being determined based on the corrected target depth. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work site; and demarcating the actual topography into a plurality of divisions including at least a first division and a second division, the first target design topography being determined for the first division, and the second target design topography being determined for the second division. 12. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, correcting the first target design topography by displacing the first target design topography by the displacement amount in a vertical direction. 13. The method according to claim 9 further comprising:
obtaining actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work site; and
obtaining, based on the actual topography data, positions of a plurality of division points positioned on the actual topography,
the determining of the first target design topography including
determining a plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in a vertical direction by the target depth, and
determining the first target design topography based on the plurality of reference points. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
correcting the target depth based on the displacement amount, the determining of the second target design topography including, upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, determining the second target design topography from the plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in the vertical direction by the corrected target depth. 15. A work vehicle comprising:
a work implement; an operating device that outputs an operation signal indicative of an operation by an operator, and a controller that communicates with the operating device and controls the work implement, the controller being configured to
determine a first target design topography,
generate a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the first target design topography,
obtain a displacement amount of the work implement with respect to the first target design topography upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography,
determine a second target design topography based on the displacement amount, and
generate a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the second target design topography. 16. The work vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to
determine a target depth, and determine the first target design topography based on the target depth. 17. The work vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to
correct the target depth based on the displacement amount, and determine the second target design topography based on the corrected target depth. 18. The work vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to
obtain actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work sit; demarcate the actual topography into a plurality of division including at least a first division and a second division, determine the first target design topography for the first division, and determine the second target design topography for the second division. 19. The work vehicle according to claim 15, wherein
the controller is further configured to, upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, correct the first target design topography by displacing the first target design topography by the displacement amount in a vertical direction. 20. The work vehicle according to claim 16, wherein
the controller is further configured to
obtain actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work sit;
obtain, based on the actual topography data, positions of a plurality of division points positioned on the actual topography,
determine a plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in a vertical direction by the target depth, and
determine the first target design topography based on the plurality of reference points. 21. The work vehicle according to claim 20, wherein the controller is further configured to
correct the target depth based on the displacement amount, and upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, determine the second target design topography from the plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in the vertical direction by the corrected target depth. | A work vehicle includes a work implement. A control system for the work vehicle includes an operating device and a controller. The operating device outputs an operation signal indicative of an operation by an operator. The controller communicates with the operating device and controls the work implement. The controller determines a first target design topography. The controller generates a command signal to operate a work implement in accordance with the first target design topography. The controller obtains a displacement amount of the work implement with respect to the first target design topography upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography. The controller determines a second target design topography based on the displacement amount. The controller generates a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the second target design topography.1. A control system for a work vehicle including a work implement, the control system comprising:
an operating device that outputs an operation signal indicative of an operation by an operator; and a controller that communicates with the operating device and controls the work implement, the controller being configured to
determine a first target design topography,
generate a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the first target design topography,
obtain a displacement amount of the work implement with respect to the first target design topography upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography,
determine a second target design topography based on the displacement amount, and
generate a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the second target design topography. 2. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to
determine a target depth, and
determine the first target design topography based on the target depth. 3. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 2, wherein
the controller is further configured to
correct the target depth based on the displacement amount, and
determine the second target design topography based on the corrected target depth. 4. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to
obtain actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work sit;
demarcate the actual topography into a plurality of divisions including at least a first division and a second division,
determine the first target design topography for the first division, and
determine the second target design topography for the second division. 5. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to, upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, correct the first target design topography by displacing the first target design topography by the displacement amount in a vertical direction. 6. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 2, wherein
the controller is further configured to
obtain actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work site,
obtain, based on the actual topography data, positions of a plurality of division points positioned on the actual topography,
determine a plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in a vertical direction by the target depth, and
determine the first target design topography based on the plurality of reference points. 7. The control system for a work vehicle according to claim 6, wherein
the controller is further configured to
correct the target depth based on the displacement amount, and
upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, determine the second target design topography from the plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in the vertical direction by the corrected target depth. 8. A method executed by a controller for controlling a work vehicle including a work implement, the method comprising:
determining a first target design topography; generating a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the first target design topography; receiving an operation signal indicative of an operation by an operator from an operating device; obtaining a displacement amount of the work implement with respect to the first target design topography upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography; determining a second target design topography based on the displacement amount; and generating a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the second target design topography. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
determining a target depth, the first target design topography being determined based on the target depth. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
correcting the target depth based on the displacement amount, the second target design topography being determined based on the corrected target depth. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work site; and demarcating the actual topography into a plurality of divisions including at least a first division and a second division, the first target design topography being determined for the first division, and the second target design topography being determined for the second division. 12. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, correcting the first target design topography by displacing the first target design topography by the displacement amount in a vertical direction. 13. The method according to claim 9 further comprising:
obtaining actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work site; and
obtaining, based on the actual topography data, positions of a plurality of division points positioned on the actual topography,
the determining of the first target design topography including
determining a plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in a vertical direction by the target depth, and
determining the first target design topography based on the plurality of reference points. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
correcting the target depth based on the displacement amount, the determining of the second target design topography including, upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, determining the second target design topography from the plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in the vertical direction by the corrected target depth. 15. A work vehicle comprising:
a work implement; an operating device that outputs an operation signal indicative of an operation by an operator, and a controller that communicates with the operating device and controls the work implement, the controller being configured to
determine a first target design topography,
generate a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the first target design topography,
obtain a displacement amount of the work implement with respect to the first target design topography upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography,
determine a second target design topography based on the displacement amount, and
generate a command signal to operate the work implement in accordance with the second target design topography. 16. The work vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to
determine a target depth, and determine the first target design topography based on the target depth. 17. The work vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to
correct the target depth based on the displacement amount, and determine the second target design topography based on the corrected target depth. 18. The work vehicle according to claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to
obtain actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work sit; demarcate the actual topography into a plurality of division including at least a first division and a second division, determine the first target design topography for the first division, and determine the second target design topography for the second division. 19. The work vehicle according to claim 15, wherein
the controller is further configured to, upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, correct the first target design topography by displacing the first target design topography by the displacement amount in a vertical direction. 20. The work vehicle according to claim 16, wherein
the controller is further configured to
obtain actual topography data indicative of an actual topography of a work sit;
obtain, based on the actual topography data, positions of a plurality of division points positioned on the actual topography,
determine a plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in a vertical direction by the target depth, and
determine the first target design topography based on the plurality of reference points. 21. The work vehicle according to claim 20, wherein the controller is further configured to
correct the target depth based on the displacement amount, and upon receiving the operation signal indicative of the operation of the work implement during work in accordance with the first target design topography, determine the second target design topography from the plurality of reference points by displacing the plurality of division points in the vertical direction by the corrected target depth. | 3,700 |
345,316 | 16,643,235 | 3,781 | A cosmetic container including a container body having an aperture, an inner container attached to an inner side of the container body such that a space in which a cosmetic can be stored is formed between the inner container and the container body, an inner plug attached to an inner side of the inner container to form a dual structure together with the inner container and to be rotatable within a prescribed range relative to the inner container, the inner plug capable of storing an applicator therein, and a lid body capable of sealing an aperture of the inner plug, wherein cosmetic through holes are provided in portions of main bodies of the inner container and the inner plug, and the cosmetic through holes are opened and closed by changing of relative positions of the cosmetic through holes as the inner plug rotates. | 1. A cosmetic container comprising
a container body having an aperture, an inner container attached to an inner side of the container body such that a space in which a cosmetic can be stored is formed between the inner container and the container body, an inner plug attached to an inner side of the inner container to form a dual structure together with the inner container and to be rotatable within a prescribed range relative to the inner container, the inner plug capable of storing an applicator therein, and a lid body capable of sealing an aperture of the inner plug, wherein cosmetic through holes are respectively provided in portions of main bodies of the inner container and the inner plug, and the cosmetic through hole is opened and closed by changing of relative positions of the cosmetic through holes as the inner plug rotates. 2. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein an elastic mesh is attached to the cosmetic through hole of the inner container. 3. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic through holes are formed on a curved surface. 4. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein
a guide groove is provided on an inner peripheral surface of the inner container, a protruding portion which can be inserted into the guide groove is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the main body of the inner plug, the protruding portion is formed to be movable within a range of the guide groove, and a rotation angle of the inner plug is restricted by the movable range of the protruding portion. 5. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein
the inner plug has a locking projection on an upper surface of a flange projecting outward from an upper end of the main body of the inner plug, the lid body has a locking projection which can be locked to the locking projection on a rear surface of a top wall of the lid body, the locking projections are formed to have heights and shapes such that the locking projections are locked to each other when the lid body is opened and closed and are released from each other when a force equal to or greater than a predetermined force is applied during opening and closing. 6. The cosmetic container according claim 1, wherein
the applicator includes a shaft portion and an application portion provided at one end of the shaft portion, and the inner plug is formed to be capable of storing the application portion therein. 7. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein
the lid body has a threaded portion which can be screwed to a threaded portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of a peripheral wall that hangs down from an outer peripheral edge of the flange of the inner plug, a cylindrical portion is provided standing upright from a top surface of the lid body, and the shaft portion of the applicator can be stored in the cylindrical portion. 8. The cosmetic container according to claim 4, wherein
the inner plug has a locking projection on an upper surface of a flange projecting outward from an upper end of the main body of the inner plug, the lid body has a locking projection which can be locked to the locking projection on a rear surface of a top wall of the lid body, the locking projections are formed to have heights and shapes such that the locking projections are locked to each other when the lid body is opened and closed and are released from each other when a force equal to or greater than a predetermined force is applied during opening and closing. 9. The cosmetic container according claim 4, wherein
the applicator includes a shaft portion and an application portion provided at one end of the shaft portion, and the inner plug is formed to be capable of storing the application portion therein. 10. The cosmetic container according claim 5, wherein
the applicator includes a shaft portion and an application portion provided at one end of the shaft portion, and the inner plug is formed to be capable of storing the application portion therein. 11. The cosmetic container according to claim 4, wherein
the lid body has a threaded portion which can be screwed to a threaded portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of a peripheral wall that hangs down from an outer peripheral edge of the flange of the inner plug, a cylindrical portion is provided standing upright from a top surface of the lid body, and the shaft portion of the applicator can be stored in the cylindrical portion. 12. The cosmetic container according to claim 5, wherein the lid body has a threaded portion which can be screwed to a threaded portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of a peripheral wall that hangs down from an outer peripheral edge of the flange of the inner plug,
a cylindrical portion is provided standing upright from a top surface of the lid body, and the shaft portion of the applicator can be stored in the cylindrical portion. 13. The cosmetic container according to claim 6, wherein
the lid body has a threaded portion which can be screwed to a threaded portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of a peripheral wall that hangs down from an outer peripheral edge of the flange of the inner plug, a cylindrical portion is provided standing upright from a top surface of the lid body, and the shaft portion of the applicator can be stored in the cylindrical portion. | A cosmetic container including a container body having an aperture, an inner container attached to an inner side of the container body such that a space in which a cosmetic can be stored is formed between the inner container and the container body, an inner plug attached to an inner side of the inner container to form a dual structure together with the inner container and to be rotatable within a prescribed range relative to the inner container, the inner plug capable of storing an applicator therein, and a lid body capable of sealing an aperture of the inner plug, wherein cosmetic through holes are provided in portions of main bodies of the inner container and the inner plug, and the cosmetic through holes are opened and closed by changing of relative positions of the cosmetic through holes as the inner plug rotates.1. A cosmetic container comprising
a container body having an aperture, an inner container attached to an inner side of the container body such that a space in which a cosmetic can be stored is formed between the inner container and the container body, an inner plug attached to an inner side of the inner container to form a dual structure together with the inner container and to be rotatable within a prescribed range relative to the inner container, the inner plug capable of storing an applicator therein, and a lid body capable of sealing an aperture of the inner plug, wherein cosmetic through holes are respectively provided in portions of main bodies of the inner container and the inner plug, and the cosmetic through hole is opened and closed by changing of relative positions of the cosmetic through holes as the inner plug rotates. 2. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein an elastic mesh is attached to the cosmetic through hole of the inner container. 3. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic through holes are formed on a curved surface. 4. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein
a guide groove is provided on an inner peripheral surface of the inner container, a protruding portion which can be inserted into the guide groove is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the main body of the inner plug, the protruding portion is formed to be movable within a range of the guide groove, and a rotation angle of the inner plug is restricted by the movable range of the protruding portion. 5. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein
the inner plug has a locking projection on an upper surface of a flange projecting outward from an upper end of the main body of the inner plug, the lid body has a locking projection which can be locked to the locking projection on a rear surface of a top wall of the lid body, the locking projections are formed to have heights and shapes such that the locking projections are locked to each other when the lid body is opened and closed and are released from each other when a force equal to or greater than a predetermined force is applied during opening and closing. 6. The cosmetic container according claim 1, wherein
the applicator includes a shaft portion and an application portion provided at one end of the shaft portion, and the inner plug is formed to be capable of storing the application portion therein. 7. The cosmetic container according to claim 1, wherein
the lid body has a threaded portion which can be screwed to a threaded portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of a peripheral wall that hangs down from an outer peripheral edge of the flange of the inner plug, a cylindrical portion is provided standing upright from a top surface of the lid body, and the shaft portion of the applicator can be stored in the cylindrical portion. 8. The cosmetic container according to claim 4, wherein
the inner plug has a locking projection on an upper surface of a flange projecting outward from an upper end of the main body of the inner plug, the lid body has a locking projection which can be locked to the locking projection on a rear surface of a top wall of the lid body, the locking projections are formed to have heights and shapes such that the locking projections are locked to each other when the lid body is opened and closed and are released from each other when a force equal to or greater than a predetermined force is applied during opening and closing. 9. The cosmetic container according claim 4, wherein
the applicator includes a shaft portion and an application portion provided at one end of the shaft portion, and the inner plug is formed to be capable of storing the application portion therein. 10. The cosmetic container according claim 5, wherein
the applicator includes a shaft portion and an application portion provided at one end of the shaft portion, and the inner plug is formed to be capable of storing the application portion therein. 11. The cosmetic container according to claim 4, wherein
the lid body has a threaded portion which can be screwed to a threaded portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of a peripheral wall that hangs down from an outer peripheral edge of the flange of the inner plug, a cylindrical portion is provided standing upright from a top surface of the lid body, and the shaft portion of the applicator can be stored in the cylindrical portion. 12. The cosmetic container according to claim 5, wherein the lid body has a threaded portion which can be screwed to a threaded portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of a peripheral wall that hangs down from an outer peripheral edge of the flange of the inner plug,
a cylindrical portion is provided standing upright from a top surface of the lid body, and the shaft portion of the applicator can be stored in the cylindrical portion. 13. The cosmetic container according to claim 6, wherein
the lid body has a threaded portion which can be screwed to a threaded portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of a peripheral wall that hangs down from an outer peripheral edge of the flange of the inner plug, a cylindrical portion is provided standing upright from a top surface of the lid body, and the shaft portion of the applicator can be stored in the cylindrical portion. | 3,700 |
345,317 | 16,643,212 | 3,781 | A reflective pixel unit, a reflective display panel and a display apparatus are disclosed. The reflective pixel unit includes a substrate, a reflective plate on the substrate, and a reflective filter layer on a side of the reflective plate facing away from the substrate. The reflective filter layer is configured such that a surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate receives visible light and reflects a part of light having wavelengths within a specific range in the visible light, and allows another part of the light having wavelengths within the specific range to pass through the reflective filter layer to the reflective plate. The reflective plate is configured to reflect the another part of the light having wavelengths within the specific range passed through the reflective filter layer. | 1. A reflective pixel unit, comprising:
a substrate; a reflective plate on the substrate; and a reflective filter layer on a side of the reflective plate facing away from the substrate, wherein the reflective filter layer is configured such that a surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate receives visible light and reflects a part of light having wavelengths within a specific range in the visible light, and allows another part of the light having wavelengths within the specific range to pass through the reflective filter layer to reach the reflective plate, and wherein the reflective plate is configured to reflect the another part of the light having wavelengths within the specific range that has passed through the reflective filter layer. 2. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 1, wherein the reflective filter layer comprises a scattering element. 3. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 2, wherein the scattering element comprises the surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate, wherein the surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate comprises protrusions and recesses. 4. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the protrusions have a plurality of sizes, and a plurality of the recesses have a plurality of sizes. 5. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 2, wherein the scattering element comprises a scattering particle in the reflective filter layer. 6. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein at least a part of a plurality of the scattering particles protrudes from the surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate. 7. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein a refractive index of the scattering particle is different from a refractive index of the reflective filter layer. 8. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein the scattering particle comprise at least one of a sphere particle, an ellipsoid particle, or a polyhedron particle. 9. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein a range of wavelengths transmittable through the scattering particle is same as a range of wavelengths transmittable through the reflective filter layer. 10. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein any wavelength within a visible light range is transmittable through the scattering particle. 11. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the scattering particles comprise a first scattering particle and a second scattering particle, wherein a range of wavelengths transmittable through the first scattering particle is same as a range of wavelengths transmittable through the reflective filter layer, and wherein any wavelength within a visible light range is transmittable through the second scattering particle. 12. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the scattering particles comprise a plurality of sizes. 13. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a counter substrate on a side of the reflective filter layer facing away from the substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the counter substrate and the reflective filter layer. 14. A reflective display panel, comprising the reflective pixel unit according to claim 1. 15. The reflective display panel according to claim 14, wherein
a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a red reflective filter layer, a blue reflective filter layer, and a green reflective filter layer, respectively, or a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a red reflective filter layer, a blue reflective filter layer, a green reflective filter layer, and a white reflective filter layer, respectively, or a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a red reflective filter layer, a blue reflective filter layer, a green reflective filter layer, and a yellow reflective filter layer, respectively, or a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a magenta reflective filter layer, a cyan reflective filter layer, and a yellow reflective filter layer, respectively, or a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a magenta reflective filter layer, a cyan reflective filter layer, a yellow reflective filter layer, and a white reflective filter layer, respectively. 16. A display apparatus, comprising the reflective display panel according to claim 14. 17. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the protrusions have a plurality of sizes. 18. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the recesses have a plurality of sizes. | A reflective pixel unit, a reflective display panel and a display apparatus are disclosed. The reflective pixel unit includes a substrate, a reflective plate on the substrate, and a reflective filter layer on a side of the reflective plate facing away from the substrate. The reflective filter layer is configured such that a surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate receives visible light and reflects a part of light having wavelengths within a specific range in the visible light, and allows another part of the light having wavelengths within the specific range to pass through the reflective filter layer to the reflective plate. The reflective plate is configured to reflect the another part of the light having wavelengths within the specific range passed through the reflective filter layer.1. A reflective pixel unit, comprising:
a substrate; a reflective plate on the substrate; and a reflective filter layer on a side of the reflective plate facing away from the substrate, wherein the reflective filter layer is configured such that a surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate receives visible light and reflects a part of light having wavelengths within a specific range in the visible light, and allows another part of the light having wavelengths within the specific range to pass through the reflective filter layer to reach the reflective plate, and wherein the reflective plate is configured to reflect the another part of the light having wavelengths within the specific range that has passed through the reflective filter layer. 2. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 1, wherein the reflective filter layer comprises a scattering element. 3. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 2, wherein the scattering element comprises the surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate, wherein the surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate comprises protrusions and recesses. 4. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the protrusions have a plurality of sizes, and a plurality of the recesses have a plurality of sizes. 5. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 2, wherein the scattering element comprises a scattering particle in the reflective filter layer. 6. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein at least a part of a plurality of the scattering particles protrudes from the surface of the reflective filter layer facing away from the reflective plate. 7. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein a refractive index of the scattering particle is different from a refractive index of the reflective filter layer. 8. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein the scattering particle comprise at least one of a sphere particle, an ellipsoid particle, or a polyhedron particle. 9. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein a range of wavelengths transmittable through the scattering particle is same as a range of wavelengths transmittable through the reflective filter layer. 10. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein any wavelength within a visible light range is transmittable through the scattering particle. 11. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the scattering particles comprise a first scattering particle and a second scattering particle, wherein a range of wavelengths transmittable through the first scattering particle is same as a range of wavelengths transmittable through the reflective filter layer, and wherein any wavelength within a visible light range is transmittable through the second scattering particle. 12. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the scattering particles comprise a plurality of sizes. 13. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a counter substrate on a side of the reflective filter layer facing away from the substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the counter substrate and the reflective filter layer. 14. A reflective display panel, comprising the reflective pixel unit according to claim 1. 15. The reflective display panel according to claim 14, wherein
a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a red reflective filter layer, a blue reflective filter layer, and a green reflective filter layer, respectively, or a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a red reflective filter layer, a blue reflective filter layer, a green reflective filter layer, and a white reflective filter layer, respectively, or a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a red reflective filter layer, a blue reflective filter layer, a green reflective filter layer, and a yellow reflective filter layer, respectively, or a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a magenta reflective filter layer, a cyan reflective filter layer, and a yellow reflective filter layer, respectively, or a plurality of the reflective filter layers of a plurality of the reflection pixel units comprise a magenta reflective filter layer, a cyan reflective filter layer, a yellow reflective filter layer, and a white reflective filter layer, respectively. 16. A display apparatus, comprising the reflective display panel according to claim 14. 17. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the protrusions have a plurality of sizes. 18. The reflective pixel unit according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the recesses have a plurality of sizes. | 3,700 |
345,318 | 16,643,155 | 3,781 | There are provided a cement kiln burner device capable of intensively bringing a combustible solid waste into a floating state within a cement kiln and easily causing ignition of the combustible solid waste in the floating state, and a method for operating the same. According to the present invention, there are provided: a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel including means for swirling a powdered-solid-fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the first air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; a second air flow channel placed in an outermost side outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the second air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the first air flow channel. The second air flow channel is divided in a circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the opening portions, independently for each opening portion. | 1. A cement kiln burner device including a plurality of flow channels partitioned by a plurality of concentric cylindrical members, the cement kiln burner device comprising:
a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel including means for swirling a powdered-solid-fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the first air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; a second air flow channel placed in an outermost side outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the second air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the first air flow channel, wherein the second air flow channel is divided in a circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the opening portions, independently for each opening portion. 2. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, further comprising a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the second air flow channel, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow. 3. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the second air flow channel, the fourth air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow, wherein
the fourth air flow channel is divided in the circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the opening portions, independently for each opening portion. 4. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, further comprising a fourth air flow channel placed outside the third air flow channel and inside the second air flow channel, the fourth air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow, wherein
the fourth air flow channel is divided in the circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the opening portions, independently for each opening portion. 5. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, a center angle formed by connecting opposite ends, in the circumferential direction, of each opening portion included in the second air flow channel and the axis center is identical for each opening portion. 6. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 7. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 6, wherein
a powdered-solid-fuel flow from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle of 0 degree to 15 degrees at a burner tip, and an air flow from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 8. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 6, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 9. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 6, wherein a combustible solid waste ejected from the combustible-solid-waste flow channel has a particle size of 30 mm or less. 10. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, a center angle formed by connecting opposite ends, in the circumferential direction, of each opening portion included in the second air flow channel and the axis center is identical for each opening portion. 11. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, a center angle formed by connecting opposite ends, in the circumferential direction, of each opening portion included in the second air flow channel and the axis center is identical for each opening portion. 12. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, a center angle formed by connecting opposite ends, in the circumferential direction, of each opening portion included in the second air flow channel and the axis center is identical for each opening portion. 13. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 14. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 15. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 16. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 17. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 10, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 18. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 11, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 19. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 12, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). | There are provided a cement kiln burner device capable of intensively bringing a combustible solid waste into a floating state within a cement kiln and easily causing ignition of the combustible solid waste in the floating state, and a method for operating the same. According to the present invention, there are provided: a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel including means for swirling a powdered-solid-fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the first air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; a second air flow channel placed in an outermost side outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the second air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the first air flow channel. The second air flow channel is divided in a circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the opening portions, independently for each opening portion.1. A cement kiln burner device including a plurality of flow channels partitioned by a plurality of concentric cylindrical members, the cement kiln burner device comprising:
a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel including means for swirling a powdered-solid-fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the first air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; a second air flow channel placed in an outermost side outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the second air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the first air flow channel, wherein the second air flow channel is divided in a circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the opening portions, independently for each opening portion. 2. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, further comprising a third air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the second air flow channel, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow. 3. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel and inside the second air flow channel, the fourth air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow, wherein
the fourth air flow channel is divided in the circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the opening portions, independently for each opening portion. 4. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, further comprising a fourth air flow channel placed outside the third air flow channel and inside the second air flow channel, the fourth air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow, wherein
the fourth air flow channel is divided in the circumferential direction into four or more opening portions adapted to form ports for injecting air flows, and is configured to control flow rates of the air flows ejected from the opening portions, independently for each opening portion. 5. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, a center angle formed by connecting opposite ends, in the circumferential direction, of each opening portion included in the second air flow channel and the axis center is identical for each opening portion. 6. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 7. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 6, wherein
a powdered-solid-fuel flow from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle of 0 degree to 15 degrees at a burner tip, and an air flow from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 8. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 6, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 9. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 6, wherein a combustible solid waste ejected from the combustible-solid-waste flow channel has a particle size of 30 mm or less. 10. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, a center angle formed by connecting opposite ends, in the circumferential direction, of each opening portion included in the second air flow channel and the axis center is identical for each opening portion. 11. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, a center angle formed by connecting opposite ends, in the circumferential direction, of each opening portion included in the second air flow channel and the axis center is identical for each opening portion. 12. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, a center angle formed by connecting opposite ends, in the circumferential direction, of each opening portion included in the second air flow channel and the axis center is identical for each opening portion. 13. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 14. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 15. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 16. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 17. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 10, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 18. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 11, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). 19. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 12, comprising ejecting an air flow from each opening portion included in the second air flow channel at a flow velocity of 0 m/s to 400 m/s (except when all air flows ejected from all the opening portions have a flow velocity of 0 m/s). | 3,700 |
345,319 | 16,643,215 | 3,781 | The present invention provides a reduced-cost method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide, the method including a depolymerization step of depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material and a deacetylation step of adding a base to a solution of the product of the depolymerization step to achieve a pH of 11 or higher. The present invention further provides an acidic xylooligosaccharide having an acetyl group content of 0 to 5.0 mass %. The acidic xylooligosaccharide of the present invention, which has an acetyl group content of 0 to 5.0 mass %, can be used as a starting material in a production method to thereby obtain pentosan polysulfate with a high yield. | 1. A method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide, comprising
(i) depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material; and (ii) adding a base to a solution of the product of the depolymerization step (i) to achieve a pH of 11 or higher. 2. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the depolymerization step (i) comprises at least one step selected from the group consisting of a heat treatment step and an enzyme treatment step. 3. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the depolymerization step (i) is a heat treatment step. 4. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 3, wherein the heat treatment step is a step of heating to 120° C. or higher under non-alkaline conditions. 5. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived raw material is a wood-derived raw material. 6. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, further comprising a separation and purification step performed after the depolymerization step (i). 7. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, further comprising a powdering step performed after the step (ii). 8. An acidic xylooligosaccharide having an acetyl group content of 0 to 5.0 mass %. 9. An acidic xylooligosaccharide having an acetyl group content of 0 to 0.7 mass %. 10. The acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 8, wherein the acidic xylooligosaccharide has an average degree of polymerization of less than 8. 11. A method for producing pentosan polysulfate, comprising sulfating the acidic xylooligosaccharide of claim 8. | The present invention provides a reduced-cost method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide, the method including a depolymerization step of depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material and a deacetylation step of adding a base to a solution of the product of the depolymerization step to achieve a pH of 11 or higher. The present invention further provides an acidic xylooligosaccharide having an acetyl group content of 0 to 5.0 mass %. The acidic xylooligosaccharide of the present invention, which has an acetyl group content of 0 to 5.0 mass %, can be used as a starting material in a production method to thereby obtain pentosan polysulfate with a high yield.1. A method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide, comprising
(i) depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material; and (ii) adding a base to a solution of the product of the depolymerization step (i) to achieve a pH of 11 or higher. 2. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the depolymerization step (i) comprises at least one step selected from the group consisting of a heat treatment step and an enzyme treatment step. 3. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the depolymerization step (i) is a heat treatment step. 4. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 3, wherein the heat treatment step is a step of heating to 120° C. or higher under non-alkaline conditions. 5. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived raw material is a wood-derived raw material. 6. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, further comprising a separation and purification step performed after the depolymerization step (i). 7. The method for producing an acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, further comprising a powdering step performed after the step (ii). 8. An acidic xylooligosaccharide having an acetyl group content of 0 to 5.0 mass %. 9. An acidic xylooligosaccharide having an acetyl group content of 0 to 0.7 mass %. 10. The acidic xylooligosaccharide according to claim 8, wherein the acidic xylooligosaccharide has an average degree of polymerization of less than 8. 11. A method for producing pentosan polysulfate, comprising sulfating the acidic xylooligosaccharide of claim 8. | 3,700 |
345,320 | 16,643,238 | 3,781 | The present disclosure provides a two-component polyurethane adhesive composition comprising an aromatic polyisocyanate component and a polyol component comprising at least one polyester polyol and a polyol having two or more OH groups and a hydrogen-bridging group. | 1. A two-component polyurethane adhesive composition comprising an aromatic polyisocyanate component and a polyol component comprising at least one polyester polyol and a polyol having two or more OH groups and a hydrogen-bridging group; wherein the aromatic polyisocyanate component has an average NCO functionality of at least 2.8 and not to exceed 5; the polyester polyol has an OH functionality of at least 1.8 and not to exceed 3, and an OH number between 2 to 45 mg KOH/g; and the polyol having two or more OH groups and a hydrogen-bridging group has an acid value of at least 50 mg KOH/g and not to exceed 200 mg KOH/g, and an OH functionality of at least 1.8 and not to exceed 3. 2. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic polyisocyanate component is an aromatic polyisocyanate adduct or an aromatic polyisocyanate trimer. 3. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic polyisocyanate component has a % NCO of at least 7 wt %, and not to exceed 19 wt %. 4. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyester polyol is in an amount of from at least 78 wt % to less than 99 wt % based on the weight of the polyol component. 5. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-bridging group is selected from O═C—O−, O═C—C—O−, and O═C—C═C—O−, and pronated forms thereof. 6. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyol having two or more OH groups and a hydrogen-bridging group is in an amount of from at least 1 wt % to less than 22 wt % based on the weight of the polyol component. 7. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the polyol component to the polyisocyanate component is from 100:15 to 100:40. 8. A curable mixture comprising the polyisocyanate component and the polyol component according to claim 1. 9. A laminate comprising the curable mixture according to claim 1. | The present disclosure provides a two-component polyurethane adhesive composition comprising an aromatic polyisocyanate component and a polyol component comprising at least one polyester polyol and a polyol having two or more OH groups and a hydrogen-bridging group.1. A two-component polyurethane adhesive composition comprising an aromatic polyisocyanate component and a polyol component comprising at least one polyester polyol and a polyol having two or more OH groups and a hydrogen-bridging group; wherein the aromatic polyisocyanate component has an average NCO functionality of at least 2.8 and not to exceed 5; the polyester polyol has an OH functionality of at least 1.8 and not to exceed 3, and an OH number between 2 to 45 mg KOH/g; and the polyol having two or more OH groups and a hydrogen-bridging group has an acid value of at least 50 mg KOH/g and not to exceed 200 mg KOH/g, and an OH functionality of at least 1.8 and not to exceed 3. 2. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic polyisocyanate component is an aromatic polyisocyanate adduct or an aromatic polyisocyanate trimer. 3. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic polyisocyanate component has a % NCO of at least 7 wt %, and not to exceed 19 wt %. 4. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyester polyol is in an amount of from at least 78 wt % to less than 99 wt % based on the weight of the polyol component. 5. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-bridging group is selected from O═C—O−, O═C—C—O−, and O═C—C═C—O−, and pronated forms thereof. 6. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyol having two or more OH groups and a hydrogen-bridging group is in an amount of from at least 1 wt % to less than 22 wt % based on the weight of the polyol component. 7. The two-component polyurethane adhesive composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the polyol component to the polyisocyanate component is from 100:15 to 100:40. 8. A curable mixture comprising the polyisocyanate component and the polyol component according to claim 1. 9. A laminate comprising the curable mixture according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
345,321 | 16,643,240 | 3,781 | An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) frame includes: a body bearing plate configured to mount a first element and a second element; a transfer chamber body mounted to the body bearing plate, defining a connection cavity with an open end, and provided with a through hole in communication with the connection cavity, in which the first element and the second element are located outside the transfer chamber body. The through hole is configured to pass through a connection line of the first element and a connection line of the second element. The connection cavity is configured to receive a connection interface of the connection line of the first element and a connection interface of the connection line of the second element. A transfer chamber cover sealedly covers the open end of the transfer chamber body. | 1. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) frame, comprising:
a body bearing plate configured to mount a first element and a second element; a transfer chamber body mounted to the body bearing plate, defining a connection cavity with an open end, and provided with a through hole in communication with the connection cavity, wherein the first element and the second element are located outside the transfer chamber body, the through hole is configured to pass through a connection line of the first element and a connection line of the second element, and the connection cavity is configured to receive a connection interface of the connection line of the first element and a connection interface of the connection line of the second element; and a transfer chamber cover sealedly covering the open end of the transfer chamber body. 2. The UAV frame according to claim 1, wherein the body bearing plate is provided with an arm in an extending way, the arm has a first end and a second end opposite each other, as well as a lumen through the first end and second end, the transfer chamber body comprises a first side wall surrounding the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body, the through hole of the transfer chamber body comprises a mounting through hole defined on the first side wall, the first end of the arm is sealedly connected to the first side wall of the transfer chamber body, the mounting through hole is in communication with the lumen of the arm and the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body, the second end of the arm is configured to mount the second element, and the lumen and the mounting through hole are configured to pass through the connection line of the second element. 3. The UAV frame according to claim 2, wherein the number of the arm is four, or six, or eight, accordingly, the number of the first side wall is four, or six, or eight. 4. The UAV frame according to claim 3, wherein the first element comprises an electronic speed controller located outside the transfer chamber body, the transfer chamber body further comprises a bottom wall, the first side wall extends vertically from the bottom wall, the through hole of the transfer chamber body further comprises a first via hole on the bottom wall, the first via hole is configured to pass through a connection line of the electronic speed controller, the second element comprises an electric motor mounted to the second end of the arm, a connection line of the electric motor passes through the mounting through hole and the lumen of the arm, and the connection line of the electronic speed controller and a connection interface of the connection line of the electric motor are both located in the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body. 5. The UAV frame according to claim 4, wherein the transfer chamber body further comprises a second side wall connected to the first side wall, four or six or eight first side walls are evenly distributed at both sides of the second side wall, the through hole of the transfer chamber body further comprises a communicating hole on the second side wall, the communicating hole is configured to pass through a connection line of a fight controller, and connection interfaces between the connection line of flight controller and the connection line of the electronic speed controller are located in the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body. 6. The UAV frame according to claim 5, wherein the first element comprises a liquid storage container located outside the transfer chamber body, the transfer chamber body further comprises a third side wall connected to the first side wall, the third side wall is opposite the second side wall, the four or six or eight first side walls are evenly arranged on both sides of the third side wall, the through hole of the transfer chamber body further comprises an insertion through hole on the third through hole, the insertion through hole is configured to pass through a connection line of the liquid storage container, the second element further comprises a nozzle mounted to the second end of the arm, a connection line of the nozzle passes through the lumen of the arm and the mounting through hole, and connection interfaces of the connection line of the liquid storage container and the connection line of the nozzle are both located in the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body. 7. The UAV frame according to claim 3, wherein the first end of the arm is sealedly connected to the first side wall of the transfer chamber body by a sealing connection assembly, the sealing connection assembly comprises a sealing hose, and the sealing hose has a first end fixedly connected to the first end of the arm and a second end fixed connected to the transfer chamber body. 8. The UAV frame according to claim 7, wherein the sealing connection assembly further comprises a sealing sleeve ring sealedly fitted over a connection end of the arm, a sealing connection portion extends from an end of the sealing sleeve ring away from the arm, the sealing connection portion extends into the first end of the sealing hose, a circumferential wall of the sealing connection portion is provided with a matching protrusion, and an inner wall of the first end of the sealing hose is provided with a sealing ring groove snapped with the matching protrusion. 9. The UAV frame according to claim 7, wherein the sealing connection assembly further comprises a sealing press ring fitted over the sealing hose, an outer side of the second end of the sealing hose is provided with a connection protrusion, and the sealing press ring is fixedly connected to the first side wall to sealedly press the connection protrusion of the second end of the sealing hose onto the first side wall. 10. The UAV frame according to claim 9, wherein an inner side of the sealing press ring is provided with a connection groove, and the connection protrusion abuts against the connection groove. 11. The UAV frame according to claim 9, wherein the first side wall is provided with a side wall protrusion, the side wall protrusion surrounds the mounting through hole, the side wall protrusion extends into the second end of the sealing hose, and an outer wall surface of the side wall protrusion is in contact with an inner wall surface of the sealing hose. 12. The UAV frame according to claim 6, further comprising a mounting frame having an end fixed connected to a third side wall of the transfer chamber body, and configured to mount the liquid storage container. 13. The UAV frame according to claim 12, further comprising a foot support, wherein the foot support comprises a front leg connected to a front end of the body bearing plate and a rear leg connected to a rear end of the mounting frame, the front leg comprises a front support portion and a first detour portion, the front support portion and the first detour portion are connected to each other, a first turn transition is formed at a connection between the front support portion and the first detour portion, an end of the front support portion away from the first detour portion is configured to support on a support plane, an end of the first detour portion away from the front support portion is configured to connect the body bearing plate, and an opening of the first turn transition is toward the rear leg. 14. The UAV frame according to claim 13, wherein the rear leg comprises a rear support portion and a second detour portion, the rear support portion and the second detour portion are connected to each other, a second turn transition is formed at a connection between the rear support portion and the second detour portion, an end of the rear support portion away from the second detour portion is configured to support on a support plane, an end of the second detour portion away from the rear support portion is configured to connect the mounting frame, and an opening of the second turn transition is toward the front leg. 15. The UAV frame according to claim 14, wherein the first detour portion and the front support portion are successively narrowed in a direction from the body bearing plate to the support plane, and the second detour portion and the rear support portion are successively narrowed in a direction from the mounting frame to the support plane. 16. The UAV frame according to claim 15, wherein the front leg further comprises a reinforcing portion arranged on the first detour portion, and the reinforcing portion extends to the front support portion along the first turn transition. 17. The UAV frame according to claim 1, wherein the transfer chamber cover is detachably connected to the transfer chamber body. 18. The UAV frame according to claim 1, wherein the body bearing plate comprises a first bearing plate and a second bearing plate arranged opposite each other, the transfer chamber body is located between the first bearing plate and the second bearing plate, the first bearing plate is provided with a first matching hole, and the open end of the connection cavity is opposite the first matching hole. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A UAV, comprising:
a body bearing plate; a transfer chamber body mounted to the body bearing plate, defining a connection cavity with an open end, and provided with a through hole in communication with the connection cavity, a first element having a first connection line with a first interface, located outside the transfer chamber body, and mounted to the body bearing plate, and the first connection line passing through the through hole with the first interface received in the connection cavity; a second element having a second connection line with a second interface, located outside the transfer chamber body, and mounted to the body bearing plate, and the second connection line passing through the through hole with the second interface received in the connection cavity; and a transfer chamber cover sealedly covering the open end of the transfer chamber body. 22. A UAV, comprising:
a body bearing plate; a transfer chamber body mounted to the body bearing plate, and comprising a wall with a through hole and an open top end; an electronic speed controller having a first connection line with a first interface, located outside the transfer chamber body, and mounted to the body bearing plate, and the first connection line extending into the transfer chamber body through the through hole with the first interface received in transfer chamber body; an electric motor having a second connection line with a second interface, located outside the transfer chamber body, and mounted to the body bearing plate, and the second connection line extending into the transfer chamber body through the through hole with the second interface received in transfer chamber body; and a transfer chamber cover sealedly covering the open end of the transfer chamber body. | An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) frame includes: a body bearing plate configured to mount a first element and a second element; a transfer chamber body mounted to the body bearing plate, defining a connection cavity with an open end, and provided with a through hole in communication with the connection cavity, in which the first element and the second element are located outside the transfer chamber body. The through hole is configured to pass through a connection line of the first element and a connection line of the second element. The connection cavity is configured to receive a connection interface of the connection line of the first element and a connection interface of the connection line of the second element. A transfer chamber cover sealedly covers the open end of the transfer chamber body.1. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) frame, comprising:
a body bearing plate configured to mount a first element and a second element; a transfer chamber body mounted to the body bearing plate, defining a connection cavity with an open end, and provided with a through hole in communication with the connection cavity, wherein the first element and the second element are located outside the transfer chamber body, the through hole is configured to pass through a connection line of the first element and a connection line of the second element, and the connection cavity is configured to receive a connection interface of the connection line of the first element and a connection interface of the connection line of the second element; and a transfer chamber cover sealedly covering the open end of the transfer chamber body. 2. The UAV frame according to claim 1, wherein the body bearing plate is provided with an arm in an extending way, the arm has a first end and a second end opposite each other, as well as a lumen through the first end and second end, the transfer chamber body comprises a first side wall surrounding the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body, the through hole of the transfer chamber body comprises a mounting through hole defined on the first side wall, the first end of the arm is sealedly connected to the first side wall of the transfer chamber body, the mounting through hole is in communication with the lumen of the arm and the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body, the second end of the arm is configured to mount the second element, and the lumen and the mounting through hole are configured to pass through the connection line of the second element. 3. The UAV frame according to claim 2, wherein the number of the arm is four, or six, or eight, accordingly, the number of the first side wall is four, or six, or eight. 4. The UAV frame according to claim 3, wherein the first element comprises an electronic speed controller located outside the transfer chamber body, the transfer chamber body further comprises a bottom wall, the first side wall extends vertically from the bottom wall, the through hole of the transfer chamber body further comprises a first via hole on the bottom wall, the first via hole is configured to pass through a connection line of the electronic speed controller, the second element comprises an electric motor mounted to the second end of the arm, a connection line of the electric motor passes through the mounting through hole and the lumen of the arm, and the connection line of the electronic speed controller and a connection interface of the connection line of the electric motor are both located in the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body. 5. The UAV frame according to claim 4, wherein the transfer chamber body further comprises a second side wall connected to the first side wall, four or six or eight first side walls are evenly distributed at both sides of the second side wall, the through hole of the transfer chamber body further comprises a communicating hole on the second side wall, the communicating hole is configured to pass through a connection line of a fight controller, and connection interfaces between the connection line of flight controller and the connection line of the electronic speed controller are located in the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body. 6. The UAV frame according to claim 5, wherein the first element comprises a liquid storage container located outside the transfer chamber body, the transfer chamber body further comprises a third side wall connected to the first side wall, the third side wall is opposite the second side wall, the four or six or eight first side walls are evenly arranged on both sides of the third side wall, the through hole of the transfer chamber body further comprises an insertion through hole on the third through hole, the insertion through hole is configured to pass through a connection line of the liquid storage container, the second element further comprises a nozzle mounted to the second end of the arm, a connection line of the nozzle passes through the lumen of the arm and the mounting through hole, and connection interfaces of the connection line of the liquid storage container and the connection line of the nozzle are both located in the connection cavity of the transfer chamber body. 7. The UAV frame according to claim 3, wherein the first end of the arm is sealedly connected to the first side wall of the transfer chamber body by a sealing connection assembly, the sealing connection assembly comprises a sealing hose, and the sealing hose has a first end fixedly connected to the first end of the arm and a second end fixed connected to the transfer chamber body. 8. The UAV frame according to claim 7, wherein the sealing connection assembly further comprises a sealing sleeve ring sealedly fitted over a connection end of the arm, a sealing connection portion extends from an end of the sealing sleeve ring away from the arm, the sealing connection portion extends into the first end of the sealing hose, a circumferential wall of the sealing connection portion is provided with a matching protrusion, and an inner wall of the first end of the sealing hose is provided with a sealing ring groove snapped with the matching protrusion. 9. The UAV frame according to claim 7, wherein the sealing connection assembly further comprises a sealing press ring fitted over the sealing hose, an outer side of the second end of the sealing hose is provided with a connection protrusion, and the sealing press ring is fixedly connected to the first side wall to sealedly press the connection protrusion of the second end of the sealing hose onto the first side wall. 10. The UAV frame according to claim 9, wherein an inner side of the sealing press ring is provided with a connection groove, and the connection protrusion abuts against the connection groove. 11. The UAV frame according to claim 9, wherein the first side wall is provided with a side wall protrusion, the side wall protrusion surrounds the mounting through hole, the side wall protrusion extends into the second end of the sealing hose, and an outer wall surface of the side wall protrusion is in contact with an inner wall surface of the sealing hose. 12. The UAV frame according to claim 6, further comprising a mounting frame having an end fixed connected to a third side wall of the transfer chamber body, and configured to mount the liquid storage container. 13. The UAV frame according to claim 12, further comprising a foot support, wherein the foot support comprises a front leg connected to a front end of the body bearing plate and a rear leg connected to a rear end of the mounting frame, the front leg comprises a front support portion and a first detour portion, the front support portion and the first detour portion are connected to each other, a first turn transition is formed at a connection between the front support portion and the first detour portion, an end of the front support portion away from the first detour portion is configured to support on a support plane, an end of the first detour portion away from the front support portion is configured to connect the body bearing plate, and an opening of the first turn transition is toward the rear leg. 14. The UAV frame according to claim 13, wherein the rear leg comprises a rear support portion and a second detour portion, the rear support portion and the second detour portion are connected to each other, a second turn transition is formed at a connection between the rear support portion and the second detour portion, an end of the rear support portion away from the second detour portion is configured to support on a support plane, an end of the second detour portion away from the rear support portion is configured to connect the mounting frame, and an opening of the second turn transition is toward the front leg. 15. The UAV frame according to claim 14, wherein the first detour portion and the front support portion are successively narrowed in a direction from the body bearing plate to the support plane, and the second detour portion and the rear support portion are successively narrowed in a direction from the mounting frame to the support plane. 16. The UAV frame according to claim 15, wherein the front leg further comprises a reinforcing portion arranged on the first detour portion, and the reinforcing portion extends to the front support portion along the first turn transition. 17. The UAV frame according to claim 1, wherein the transfer chamber cover is detachably connected to the transfer chamber body. 18. The UAV frame according to claim 1, wherein the body bearing plate comprises a first bearing plate and a second bearing plate arranged opposite each other, the transfer chamber body is located between the first bearing plate and the second bearing plate, the first bearing plate is provided with a first matching hole, and the open end of the connection cavity is opposite the first matching hole. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A UAV, comprising:
a body bearing plate; a transfer chamber body mounted to the body bearing plate, defining a connection cavity with an open end, and provided with a through hole in communication with the connection cavity, a first element having a first connection line with a first interface, located outside the transfer chamber body, and mounted to the body bearing plate, and the first connection line passing through the through hole with the first interface received in the connection cavity; a second element having a second connection line with a second interface, located outside the transfer chamber body, and mounted to the body bearing plate, and the second connection line passing through the through hole with the second interface received in the connection cavity; and a transfer chamber cover sealedly covering the open end of the transfer chamber body. 22. A UAV, comprising:
a body bearing plate; a transfer chamber body mounted to the body bearing plate, and comprising a wall with a through hole and an open top end; an electronic speed controller having a first connection line with a first interface, located outside the transfer chamber body, and mounted to the body bearing plate, and the first connection line extending into the transfer chamber body through the through hole with the first interface received in transfer chamber body; an electric motor having a second connection line with a second interface, located outside the transfer chamber body, and mounted to the body bearing plate, and the second connection line extending into the transfer chamber body through the through hole with the second interface received in transfer chamber body; and a transfer chamber cover sealedly covering the open end of the transfer chamber body. | 3,700 |
345,322 | 16,643,222 | 3,781 | A method for determining an optical system intended to equip a person on the basis of the adaptability of the person to a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of his environment, the method. including a person visual behaviour parameter providing, during which a person visual behaviour parameter indicative of the visual behaviour of the person relative to a given state of the environment is provided; a reference value providing, during which a first value of the person visual behaviour pa ameter corresponding to a reference state of the environment is provided; a visual and/or proprioceptive modification providing, during which a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of the reference state of the environment is provided so as to define a modified state of the environment; and determining, during which an optical parameter of the optical system is determined based on the first value of the person visual behaviour parameter and on a second value of the person visual behaviour parameter associated with the modified state of the environment. | 1. A method for determining an optical system intended to equip a person on the basis of the adaptability of the person to a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of his environment, the method comprising:
a person visual behaviour parameter providing step, during which a person visual behaviour parameter indicative of the visual behaviour of the person relative to a given state of the environment is provided; a reference value providing step during which a first value of the person visual behaviour parameter corresponding to a reference state of the environment is provided; a visual and/or proprioceptive modification providing step, during which a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of the reference state of the environment is provided so as to define a modified state of the environment; and a determining step, during which an optical parameter of the optical system is determined based on the first value of the person visual behaviour parameter and on a second value of the person visual behaviour parameter associated with the modified state of the environment. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising an evaluating step, during which an index representative of the adaptability of the person is evaluated based on the first and second values of the person visual behaviour parameter. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a visual and/or proprioceptive modification cancelling step, during which the provided visual and/or proprioceptive modification is cancelled, the second value of the person visual behaviour parameter being further associated with the cancellation of the visual and/or proprioceptive modification so as to take into account an after-effect value of the person visual behaviour parameter of the person for the determination of the optical parameter of the optical system. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the person visual behaviour parameter comprises visual-motor coordination data representative of the visual-motor coordination of the person. 5. The etho according to claim 1, further comprising:
a visual display device providing step, during which a visual display device is provided and arranged so as to display a dynamic visual pattern to the person, and a display step, during which a dynamic visual pattern is displayed on the visual display device to the person at least during the modified state. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the visual and/or proprioceptive modification step comprises a visual modification step, during which the dynamic visual pattern displayed by the visual display device to the person comprises a varying blur parameter and/or a varying defocus parameter and/or a varying distortion parameter and/or a varying field of view parameter. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the visual and/or proprioceptive modification sep comprises a proprioceptive modification step, during which a constraint is provided to the person, the constraint comprising:
a motor constraint associated to the control of the postural stability or of the locomotion of the person; and/or a constraint associated to the movements of the head of the person; and/or a proprioceptive constraint of the person. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a person visual behaviour parameter measurement step, during which the person visual behaviour parameter of the person is measured. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the person visual behaviour parameter is measured upon a perception test carried out on the person. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optical system comprises an ophthalmic lens, preferably a progressive addition lens. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the optical parameter of the ophthalmic lens comprises at least lens design data indicative of a lens design adapted to the person. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the lens design comprises at least the dioptric lens design and/or a distortion distribution and/or geometrical parameters of the optical lens and/or prescription data and/or ophthalmic parameters relating to the ophthalmic requirements of the person. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the first and second values of the person visual behaviour parameter are indicative of the capability of the person to adapt to the progressive addition lens. 14. A computer program product comprising one or more stored sequences of instructions that are accessible to a processor and which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of claim 1. 15. A system for determining an optical system intended to equip a person on the basis of the evaluation of the adaptability of the person to a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of his environment, the system comprising:
receiving means adapted to receive a first value of a person visual behaviour parameter indicative of the visual behaviour of the person relative to a given state of the environment, said first value corresponding to a reference state of the enviromnent; modification means arranged and configured to provide to the person a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of the reference state of the environment so as to define a modified state of the environment; and calculation means configured to determine an optical parameter of the optical system on the basis on the first value of the person visual behaviour parameter and on a second value of the person visualbehaviour parameter associated with the modified state of the environment. | A method for determining an optical system intended to equip a person on the basis of the adaptability of the person to a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of his environment, the method. including a person visual behaviour parameter providing, during which a person visual behaviour parameter indicative of the visual behaviour of the person relative to a given state of the environment is provided; a reference value providing, during which a first value of the person visual behaviour pa ameter corresponding to a reference state of the environment is provided; a visual and/or proprioceptive modification providing, during which a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of the reference state of the environment is provided so as to define a modified state of the environment; and determining, during which an optical parameter of the optical system is determined based on the first value of the person visual behaviour parameter and on a second value of the person visual behaviour parameter associated with the modified state of the environment.1. A method for determining an optical system intended to equip a person on the basis of the adaptability of the person to a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of his environment, the method comprising:
a person visual behaviour parameter providing step, during which a person visual behaviour parameter indicative of the visual behaviour of the person relative to a given state of the environment is provided; a reference value providing step during which a first value of the person visual behaviour parameter corresponding to a reference state of the environment is provided; a visual and/or proprioceptive modification providing step, during which a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of the reference state of the environment is provided so as to define a modified state of the environment; and a determining step, during which an optical parameter of the optical system is determined based on the first value of the person visual behaviour parameter and on a second value of the person visual behaviour parameter associated with the modified state of the environment. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising an evaluating step, during which an index representative of the adaptability of the person is evaluated based on the first and second values of the person visual behaviour parameter. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a visual and/or proprioceptive modification cancelling step, during which the provided visual and/or proprioceptive modification is cancelled, the second value of the person visual behaviour parameter being further associated with the cancellation of the visual and/or proprioceptive modification so as to take into account an after-effect value of the person visual behaviour parameter of the person for the determination of the optical parameter of the optical system. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the person visual behaviour parameter comprises visual-motor coordination data representative of the visual-motor coordination of the person. 5. The etho according to claim 1, further comprising:
a visual display device providing step, during which a visual display device is provided and arranged so as to display a dynamic visual pattern to the person, and a display step, during which a dynamic visual pattern is displayed on the visual display device to the person at least during the modified state. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the visual and/or proprioceptive modification step comprises a visual modification step, during which the dynamic visual pattern displayed by the visual display device to the person comprises a varying blur parameter and/or a varying defocus parameter and/or a varying distortion parameter and/or a varying field of view parameter. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the visual and/or proprioceptive modification sep comprises a proprioceptive modification step, during which a constraint is provided to the person, the constraint comprising:
a motor constraint associated to the control of the postural stability or of the locomotion of the person; and/or a constraint associated to the movements of the head of the person; and/or a proprioceptive constraint of the person. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a person visual behaviour parameter measurement step, during which the person visual behaviour parameter of the person is measured. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the person visual behaviour parameter is measured upon a perception test carried out on the person. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optical system comprises an ophthalmic lens, preferably a progressive addition lens. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the optical parameter of the ophthalmic lens comprises at least lens design data indicative of a lens design adapted to the person. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the lens design comprises at least the dioptric lens design and/or a distortion distribution and/or geometrical parameters of the optical lens and/or prescription data and/or ophthalmic parameters relating to the ophthalmic requirements of the person. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the first and second values of the person visual behaviour parameter are indicative of the capability of the person to adapt to the progressive addition lens. 14. A computer program product comprising one or more stored sequences of instructions that are accessible to a processor and which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of claim 1. 15. A system for determining an optical system intended to equip a person on the basis of the evaluation of the adaptability of the person to a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of his environment, the system comprising:
receiving means adapted to receive a first value of a person visual behaviour parameter indicative of the visual behaviour of the person relative to a given state of the environment, said first value corresponding to a reference state of the enviromnent; modification means arranged and configured to provide to the person a visual and/or proprioceptive modification of the reference state of the environment so as to define a modified state of the environment; and calculation means configured to determine an optical parameter of the optical system on the basis on the first value of the person visual behaviour parameter and on a second value of the person visualbehaviour parameter associated with the modified state of the environment. | 3,700 |
345,323 | 16,643,231 | 3,781 | The state of charge of a traction battery of a hybrid vehicle power train is managed by, during a phase of running of the vehicle to a current destination, predicting a temperature that a battery will reach, after the power train is switched off, at a time of departure to a future destination; estimating, as a function of the battery temperature previously predicted, a minimum state of charge of the battery making it possible to provide, during a phase of running to the future destination, a predefined minimum power level; and maintaining the state of charge of the battery close to the minimum state of charge. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A method for managing a state of charge of a traction battery of a hybrid vehicle power train, the method comprising, during a phase of running of the vehicle to a current destination:
predicting a temperature that the battery will reach, after the power train is switched off, at a time of departure to a future destination; estimating, as a function of the battery temperature previously predicted, a minimum state of charge of the battery making it possible to provide, during a phase of running to the future destination, a predefined minimum power level; and maintaining the state of charge of the battery close to the minimum state of charge. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the predicting the temperature that the battery will reach includes among its parameters:
an elapsed time between the end of the current run and the start of the future run, and/or; a model of variation of the ambient temperature between the end of the current run and the start of the future run, and/or; a model of thermal inertia of the battery giving the trend of the temperature of the battery as a function of the trend of the ambient temperature. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the elapsed time between the end of the current run and the start of the future run is:
obtained directly from a run scheduling system, or; deduced statistically from previous runs obtained from a run memorizing system, said previous runs exhibiting similarities with the current run, or; equal to a constant. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the location of the vehicle being known from a geolocation system and a measured minimum temperature at said location being known from a meteorological information broadcasting system, the model of variation of the ambient temperature is defined such that:
the variation is nil when the measured ambient temperature is below the minimum temperature; the variation is equal to a negative constant when the measured ambient temperature is above a predefined value greater than the minimum temperature; and the variation trends linearly between the minimum temperature and the predefined value. 17. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the model of thermal inertia of the battery is defined such that the temperature of the battery varies identically with the ambient temperature. 18. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the estimating the minimum state of charge includes selecting the maximum value from among a plurality of state-of-charge values, said plurality including at least:
a minimum state-of-charge value to reach the current destination, estimated as a function of the measured current temperature of the battery and; a minimum state-of-charge value to reach the future destination, estimated as a function of the temperature previously predicted. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the plurality of state-of-charge values also includes a minimum state of charge to ensure a predefined life of the battery. 20. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the minimum state-of-charge values to reach the current destination and to reach the future destination are calculated in real time by a method of linear modelling of the trend of the available power in the battery as a function of the state of charge of the battery. 21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the linear modelling method is a recursive least squares method. 22. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein, on each new estimation of a state-of-charge value obtained recursively from the preceding estimation, said preceding estimation is multiplied by an omission factor λ<1. 23. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to execute the method as claimed in claim 13. 24. A hybrid vehicle comprising the computer as claimed in claim 23. | The state of charge of a traction battery of a hybrid vehicle power train is managed by, during a phase of running of the vehicle to a current destination, predicting a temperature that a battery will reach, after the power train is switched off, at a time of departure to a future destination; estimating, as a function of the battery temperature previously predicted, a minimum state of charge of the battery making it possible to provide, during a phase of running to the future destination, a predefined minimum power level; and maintaining the state of charge of the battery close to the minimum state of charge.1-12. (canceled) 13. A method for managing a state of charge of a traction battery of a hybrid vehicle power train, the method comprising, during a phase of running of the vehicle to a current destination:
predicting a temperature that the battery will reach, after the power train is switched off, at a time of departure to a future destination; estimating, as a function of the battery temperature previously predicted, a minimum state of charge of the battery making it possible to provide, during a phase of running to the future destination, a predefined minimum power level; and maintaining the state of charge of the battery close to the minimum state of charge. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the predicting the temperature that the battery will reach includes among its parameters:
an elapsed time between the end of the current run and the start of the future run, and/or; a model of variation of the ambient temperature between the end of the current run and the start of the future run, and/or; a model of thermal inertia of the battery giving the trend of the temperature of the battery as a function of the trend of the ambient temperature. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the elapsed time between the end of the current run and the start of the future run is:
obtained directly from a run scheduling system, or; deduced statistically from previous runs obtained from a run memorizing system, said previous runs exhibiting similarities with the current run, or; equal to a constant. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the location of the vehicle being known from a geolocation system and a measured minimum temperature at said location being known from a meteorological information broadcasting system, the model of variation of the ambient temperature is defined such that:
the variation is nil when the measured ambient temperature is below the minimum temperature; the variation is equal to a negative constant when the measured ambient temperature is above a predefined value greater than the minimum temperature; and the variation trends linearly between the minimum temperature and the predefined value. 17. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the model of thermal inertia of the battery is defined such that the temperature of the battery varies identically with the ambient temperature. 18. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the estimating the minimum state of charge includes selecting the maximum value from among a plurality of state-of-charge values, said plurality including at least:
a minimum state-of-charge value to reach the current destination, estimated as a function of the measured current temperature of the battery and; a minimum state-of-charge value to reach the future destination, estimated as a function of the temperature previously predicted. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the plurality of state-of-charge values also includes a minimum state of charge to ensure a predefined life of the battery. 20. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the minimum state-of-charge values to reach the current destination and to reach the future destination are calculated in real time by a method of linear modelling of the trend of the available power in the battery as a function of the state of charge of the battery. 21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the linear modelling method is a recursive least squares method. 22. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein, on each new estimation of a state-of-charge value obtained recursively from the preceding estimation, said preceding estimation is multiplied by an omission factor λ<1. 23. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to execute the method as claimed in claim 13. 24. A hybrid vehicle comprising the computer as claimed in claim 23. | 3,700 |
345,324 | 16,643,243 | 3,781 | The present invention provides for a nucleic acid encoding CRM197 protein and process for improved expression of CRM197 protein. The invention represents an advancement in the field of genetic engineering and discloses a modified nucleic acid for achieving optimum expression of CRM197 protein in a heterologous host. The invention also discloses vectors carrying the modified nucleic acid and recombinant host cells carrying the vectors. The invention also discloses the process for producing a recombinant host cell, process for production of the recombinant protein and an improved down streaming process. | 1. A modified nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the nucleic acid encodes CRM197 protein in a host cell. 2. A vector comprising the nucleic acid as claimed in 1, wherein the nucleic acid is operably linked to a promoter. 3. The vector as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vector is pBR322 and the promoter is Pgrac. 4. A recombinant prokaryotic host cell comprising the vector as claimed in claim 2. 5. The recombinant prokaryotic host cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the host cell is Bacillus subtilis WB800N. 6. A modified polypeptide comprising a CRM197 protein fused to signal peptide of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the modified polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 7. A process for producing a recombinant host cell capable of expressing a polypeptide as claimed in 6 comprising the steps of:
a. synthesizing a modified nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1;
b. constructing a recombinant pBR322 vector harbouring the nucleic acid of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the nucleic acid is operably linked to a Pgrac promoter; and
c. transforming a Bacillus subtilis WB800N host cell with the recombinant pBR322 vector to obtain a recombinant host cell. 8. A process for production of recombinant CRM197 protein, said process comprising the steps of:
a. culturing recombinant host cell as claimed in claim 5 in a suitable culture medium, wherein the step of culturing host cells comprises the steps of:
i. adding continuously a carbon source, wherein the feed rate of the carbon source is between 2.25 to 7.5 g/L/hr;
ii. adding continuously IPTG to the culture for 6 to 9 hrs to achieve OD600 of 70 to 110; and
iii. harvesting the recombinant protein from the culture after about 6 to about 9 hrs after commencement of inducer addition.
b. isolating the recombinant CRM197 protein from the cell culture; and c. purifying the recombinant CRM197 protein. 9. The process for production of CRM197 protein as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step of isolating recombinant CRM197 protein comprises the steps of:
a. precipitating the CRM197 protein by addition of 10% to 14% polyethylene glycol (PEG) at pH of 5.0-8.5; b. loading the precipitated CRM197 onto an anion exchange resin charged with divalent cations in a loading buffer having pH in the range of 5.5 to 7.5; and c. eluting the anion exchange resin with an eluent to obtain purified CRM197 protein. 10. The process for production of CRM197 protein as claimed in claim 9, further comprising after said step (b) and prior to said step (c), the step of washing the anion exchange resin with a washing buffer, wherein the pH of the loading buffer and the washing buffer is 0.5 units lower than the pH of the eluant and the pH of the loading buffer ranges between 7.0 to 7.4. 11. The process for production of CRM197 protein as claimed in claim 9, wherein the anion exchange resin material is selected from a group comprising of diethylaminoethane, dimethylaminoethane, trimethylaminoethyl, polyethyleneimine, quaternary aminoalkyl, quaternary aminoethane and quaternary ammonium. 12. The process for production of CRM197 protein as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method for purifying recombinant CRM197 protein comprises the steps of:
a. contacting a sample comprising the CRM197 protein with a hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium in the presence of a load buffer such that a portion of the protein of interest binds to the hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium and a substantial portion of the at least one impurity binds to HIC media; b. collecting a flow through fraction comprising the protein of interest unbound to the HIC media; c. washing the hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium with a wash buffer such that a substantial portion of CRM197 bound to the HIC media is released from the media; and d. collecting a wash fraction comprising CRM197 protein released from the hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium. | The present invention provides for a nucleic acid encoding CRM197 protein and process for improved expression of CRM197 protein. The invention represents an advancement in the field of genetic engineering and discloses a modified nucleic acid for achieving optimum expression of CRM197 protein in a heterologous host. The invention also discloses vectors carrying the modified nucleic acid and recombinant host cells carrying the vectors. The invention also discloses the process for producing a recombinant host cell, process for production of the recombinant protein and an improved down streaming process.1. A modified nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the nucleic acid encodes CRM197 protein in a host cell. 2. A vector comprising the nucleic acid as claimed in 1, wherein the nucleic acid is operably linked to a promoter. 3. The vector as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vector is pBR322 and the promoter is Pgrac. 4. A recombinant prokaryotic host cell comprising the vector as claimed in claim 2. 5. The recombinant prokaryotic host cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the host cell is Bacillus subtilis WB800N. 6. A modified polypeptide comprising a CRM197 protein fused to signal peptide of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the modified polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 7. A process for producing a recombinant host cell capable of expressing a polypeptide as claimed in 6 comprising the steps of:
a. synthesizing a modified nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1;
b. constructing a recombinant pBR322 vector harbouring the nucleic acid of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the nucleic acid is operably linked to a Pgrac promoter; and
c. transforming a Bacillus subtilis WB800N host cell with the recombinant pBR322 vector to obtain a recombinant host cell. 8. A process for production of recombinant CRM197 protein, said process comprising the steps of:
a. culturing recombinant host cell as claimed in claim 5 in a suitable culture medium, wherein the step of culturing host cells comprises the steps of:
i. adding continuously a carbon source, wherein the feed rate of the carbon source is between 2.25 to 7.5 g/L/hr;
ii. adding continuously IPTG to the culture for 6 to 9 hrs to achieve OD600 of 70 to 110; and
iii. harvesting the recombinant protein from the culture after about 6 to about 9 hrs after commencement of inducer addition.
b. isolating the recombinant CRM197 protein from the cell culture; and c. purifying the recombinant CRM197 protein. 9. The process for production of CRM197 protein as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step of isolating recombinant CRM197 protein comprises the steps of:
a. precipitating the CRM197 protein by addition of 10% to 14% polyethylene glycol (PEG) at pH of 5.0-8.5; b. loading the precipitated CRM197 onto an anion exchange resin charged with divalent cations in a loading buffer having pH in the range of 5.5 to 7.5; and c. eluting the anion exchange resin with an eluent to obtain purified CRM197 protein. 10. The process for production of CRM197 protein as claimed in claim 9, further comprising after said step (b) and prior to said step (c), the step of washing the anion exchange resin with a washing buffer, wherein the pH of the loading buffer and the washing buffer is 0.5 units lower than the pH of the eluant and the pH of the loading buffer ranges between 7.0 to 7.4. 11. The process for production of CRM197 protein as claimed in claim 9, wherein the anion exchange resin material is selected from a group comprising of diethylaminoethane, dimethylaminoethane, trimethylaminoethyl, polyethyleneimine, quaternary aminoalkyl, quaternary aminoethane and quaternary ammonium. 12. The process for production of CRM197 protein as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method for purifying recombinant CRM197 protein comprises the steps of:
a. contacting a sample comprising the CRM197 protein with a hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium in the presence of a load buffer such that a portion of the protein of interest binds to the hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium and a substantial portion of the at least one impurity binds to HIC media; b. collecting a flow through fraction comprising the protein of interest unbound to the HIC media; c. washing the hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium with a wash buffer such that a substantial portion of CRM197 bound to the HIC media is released from the media; and d. collecting a wash fraction comprising CRM197 protein released from the hydrophobic interaction chromatography medium. | 3,700 |
345,325 | 16,643,229 | 3,635 | There is proposed an apparatus used for holding solar panels and a roof structure, including an elongate rail member, an elongate capping member movably connected to the elongate rail member, a plurality of interconnected adjustment devices, and a drive mechanism. The adjustment devices are spaced apart along a length of the elongate rail member and are configured to move the elongate capping member relative to the elongate rail member. The drive mechanism is configured to control the movement of the adjustment devices to affect the clamping of the solar array panels between the elongate capping member and the elongate rail member. The drive mechanism is adjustable from a single location along the elongate rail member, such as from an end. | 1. An apparatus used for holding solar array panels, comprising:
an elongate rail member; an elongate capping member movably connectable to the elongate rail member, the elongate capping member being adjustable for clamping said solar array panels therebetween; a plurality of interconnected adjustment devices, spaced apart along a length of said elongate rail member, being configured to move the elongate capping member in a generally vertical direction, relative to the elongate rail member; and a drive mechanism configured to control the movement of said adjustment devices to affect the clamping, wherein the drive mechanism being adjustable from a single location along said elongate rail member. 2. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the adjustment devices and drive mechanism form an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism including a worm drive, ora rack and pinion, or cables/wires, or a plurality of sliding blocks connected by rods. 3. The apparatus in accordance with claim 2, wherein the adjustment device and drive mechanism are positioned at least partly within a longitudinally extending void or passageway in the elongate rail member. 4. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of the adjustment devices comprise an adjustment block having a generally vertical channel that intersects a perpendicular and oblique channel, a sliding nut being positioned within said channel and connected to a generally vertically extending bolt that extends through the vertical channel and a slot in a top of the elongate rail member, wherein an upper end of the bolt being connectable to a clamping nut. 5. The apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein the clamping nut is engageable within a groove in an underside of the elongate capping member. 6. The apparatus in accordance with claim 5, wherein a threaded rod of the drive mechanism and joining rods connect the plurality of adjustment devices, wherein the threaded rod and joining rods include respective apertures, and are configured to slot into respective sides of the adjustment blocks, such that they are held in place by respective pins, which engage through pin receiving apertures in the adjustment blocks and through a respective aperture in the threaded rod or joining rods. 7. The apparatus in accordance with claim 3, wherein the worm drive includes a worm drive shaft, worm drive portion, worm drive housing, and a threaded rod with generally square-shaped head, whereby the threaded rod engages the worm drive or an intermediate member to case the head to rise and lower relative to the worm drive housing. 8. The apparatus in accordance with claim 7, wherein the worm drive housing is connected to the elongate rail member and the head is attached to the elongate capping member, wherein movement of the worm drive causes the elongate capping member to be drawn down onto the elongate rail member. 9. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the clamping provides a generally watertight connection, between the elongate capping member and elongate rail member and solar panels, to inhibit movement of water therebetween. 10. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the elongate capping member includes a seal or seals, depending from an underside of a sidewardly projecting wing or wings of said elongate capping member to thereby bear against an upper surface of a solar array panel or panels. 11. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the elongate rail member includes longitudinally extending voids configured to act as water channel or retain cabling therewithin. 12. A roof structure, comprising:
a support member; a plurality of elongate rail members connectable to the support member; at least two solar array panels positioned intermediate of the plurality of elongate rail members; and respective elongate capping members movably connected to each of the plurality of elongate rail members, the elongate capping members being adjustable such that each elongate capping member clamps a solar array panel or panels to a corresponding elongate rail member, wherein each elongate capping member is adjustable from a single location along the corresponding elongate rail member. 13. The roof structure in accordance with claim 12, wherein the plurality of elongate rail members are connected to the support member in a generally parallel arrangement. 14. The roof structure in accordance with claim 12, wherein the support member is a frame or walls of a building, or the support member is a roof frame comprising a plurality of purlins and rafters supported on a wall structure or wall frame, or the support member is a plurality of freestanding posts. 15. A method of forming a roof structure, including the steps of:
constructing or providing a frame or walls to hold said roof structure; attaching a support member or members to the frame or walls; connecting at least two elongate rail members to the support member or members in a generally parallel arrangement, each of the elongate rail members having a respective elongate capping member adjustably connected thereto; positioning at least two solar array panels between the parallel elongate rail members, wherein the at least one solar array panel is supported on a part of the elongate rail members; and tightening the respective elongate capping members from a single location along the elongate rail member, such that they bear down on an upper surface of the solar array panels to thereby clamp the panels therebetween. | There is proposed an apparatus used for holding solar panels and a roof structure, including an elongate rail member, an elongate capping member movably connected to the elongate rail member, a plurality of interconnected adjustment devices, and a drive mechanism. The adjustment devices are spaced apart along a length of the elongate rail member and are configured to move the elongate capping member relative to the elongate rail member. The drive mechanism is configured to control the movement of the adjustment devices to affect the clamping of the solar array panels between the elongate capping member and the elongate rail member. The drive mechanism is adjustable from a single location along the elongate rail member, such as from an end.1. An apparatus used for holding solar array panels, comprising:
an elongate rail member; an elongate capping member movably connectable to the elongate rail member, the elongate capping member being adjustable for clamping said solar array panels therebetween; a plurality of interconnected adjustment devices, spaced apart along a length of said elongate rail member, being configured to move the elongate capping member in a generally vertical direction, relative to the elongate rail member; and a drive mechanism configured to control the movement of said adjustment devices to affect the clamping, wherein the drive mechanism being adjustable from a single location along said elongate rail member. 2. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the adjustment devices and drive mechanism form an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism including a worm drive, ora rack and pinion, or cables/wires, or a plurality of sliding blocks connected by rods. 3. The apparatus in accordance with claim 2, wherein the adjustment device and drive mechanism are positioned at least partly within a longitudinally extending void or passageway in the elongate rail member. 4. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of the adjustment devices comprise an adjustment block having a generally vertical channel that intersects a perpendicular and oblique channel, a sliding nut being positioned within said channel and connected to a generally vertically extending bolt that extends through the vertical channel and a slot in a top of the elongate rail member, wherein an upper end of the bolt being connectable to a clamping nut. 5. The apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein the clamping nut is engageable within a groove in an underside of the elongate capping member. 6. The apparatus in accordance with claim 5, wherein a threaded rod of the drive mechanism and joining rods connect the plurality of adjustment devices, wherein the threaded rod and joining rods include respective apertures, and are configured to slot into respective sides of the adjustment blocks, such that they are held in place by respective pins, which engage through pin receiving apertures in the adjustment blocks and through a respective aperture in the threaded rod or joining rods. 7. The apparatus in accordance with claim 3, wherein the worm drive includes a worm drive shaft, worm drive portion, worm drive housing, and a threaded rod with generally square-shaped head, whereby the threaded rod engages the worm drive or an intermediate member to case the head to rise and lower relative to the worm drive housing. 8. The apparatus in accordance with claim 7, wherein the worm drive housing is connected to the elongate rail member and the head is attached to the elongate capping member, wherein movement of the worm drive causes the elongate capping member to be drawn down onto the elongate rail member. 9. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the clamping provides a generally watertight connection, between the elongate capping member and elongate rail member and solar panels, to inhibit movement of water therebetween. 10. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the elongate capping member includes a seal or seals, depending from an underside of a sidewardly projecting wing or wings of said elongate capping member to thereby bear against an upper surface of a solar array panel or panels. 11. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein the elongate rail member includes longitudinally extending voids configured to act as water channel or retain cabling therewithin. 12. A roof structure, comprising:
a support member; a plurality of elongate rail members connectable to the support member; at least two solar array panels positioned intermediate of the plurality of elongate rail members; and respective elongate capping members movably connected to each of the plurality of elongate rail members, the elongate capping members being adjustable such that each elongate capping member clamps a solar array panel or panels to a corresponding elongate rail member, wherein each elongate capping member is adjustable from a single location along the corresponding elongate rail member. 13. The roof structure in accordance with claim 12, wherein the plurality of elongate rail members are connected to the support member in a generally parallel arrangement. 14. The roof structure in accordance with claim 12, wherein the support member is a frame or walls of a building, or the support member is a roof frame comprising a plurality of purlins and rafters supported on a wall structure or wall frame, or the support member is a plurality of freestanding posts. 15. A method of forming a roof structure, including the steps of:
constructing or providing a frame or walls to hold said roof structure; attaching a support member or members to the frame or walls; connecting at least two elongate rail members to the support member or members in a generally parallel arrangement, each of the elongate rail members having a respective elongate capping member adjustably connected thereto; positioning at least two solar array panels between the parallel elongate rail members, wherein the at least one solar array panel is supported on a part of the elongate rail members; and tightening the respective elongate capping members from a single location along the elongate rail member, such that they bear down on an upper surface of the solar array panels to thereby clamp the panels therebetween. | 3,600 |
345,326 | 16,643,232 | 3,635 | An engine switch device is disclosed by which the engine is permitted to be started using an engine switch when biometric authentication executed on the basis of biometric information sensed by a biometric authentication sensor is successful. This engine switch device includes: an authentication determination unit configured so as to determine that biometric authentication is successful when previously-stored biometric information matches the biometric information sensed by the biometric authentication sensor; an alternative authentication unit configured so as to execute an alternative authentication based on a user performing a prescribed operation vis-à-vis the engine switch when the biometric authentication fails; and an activation permission unit configured so as to permit or execute an engine start when the biometric authentication is successful and further configured so as to permit or execute the engine start when the biometric authentication fails and alternative authentication by the alternative authentication unit-is successful. | 1. An engine switch device that permits starting of an engine with an engine switch if biometric authentication executed based on biometric information detected by a biometric authentication sensor is accomplished, the engine switch device comprising:
a biometric authentication determination unit configured to determine that the biometric authentication has been accomplished if biometric information that is stored in advance matches the biometric information detected by the biometric authentication sensor; an alternative authentication unit configured to execute alternative authentication based on a predetermined operation performed on the engine switch by a user if the biometric authentication fails; and an actuation permission unit configured to permit or perform starting of the engine if the biometric authentication is accomplished and further configured to permit or perform starting of the engine if the biometric authentication fails but the alternative authentication performed by the alternative authentication unit is accomplished. 2. The engine switch device according to claim 1, comprising
a key verification unit configured to execute key verification based on whether an electronic key ID that is transmitted through wireless communication from an electronic key held by the user matches a registration ID that is stored in advance, wherein the actuation permission unit is configured to permit or perform starting of the engine if the biometric authentication and the key verification are both accomplished, and the actuation permission unit is further configured to permit or perform starting of the engine if the biometric authentication fails but the alternative authentication and the key verification are both accomplished. 3. The engine switch device according to claim 1, further comprising a failure notification unit configured to notify the user of failure of the biometric authentication using the engine switch or an electronic key held by the user if the biometric authentication fails. 4. The engine switch device according to claim 1, wherein the alternative authentication is performed only during a predetermined time from when failure of the biometric authentication is determined. 5. The engine switch device according to claim 1, further comprising:
the engine switch that includes an operation surface; and the biometric authentication sensor including a fingerprint sensor arranged on the operation surface of the engine switch, wherein the fingerprint sensor is configured to detect a fingerprint serving as the biometric information. 6. The engine switch device according to claim 5, wherein
the fingerprint sensor detects the predetermined operation performed on the engine switch by the user during the alternative authentication, and the alternative authentication unit is further configured to determine that the alternative authentication has been accomplished if a touching action performed by the user on the operation surface of the engine switch matches an action that is stored in advance. 7. The engine switch device according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined operation includes touching the operation surface of the engine switch for a number of times that is registered in advance. 8. The engine switch device according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined operation includes operating and touching the operation surface of the engine switch along a route that is registered in advance. 9. A system that starts an engine of a vehicle, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory connected to the one or more processors to store commands executable by the one or more processors and biometric information of a user of the vehicle, wherein the one or more processors executes the commands to
determine that biometric authentication has been accomplished if the biometric information stored in the memory matches biometric information detected by a biometric authentication sensor,
execute alternative authentication based on a predetermined operation performed on an engine switch by a user if determined that the biometric authentication has failed,
permit or perform starting of the engine if determined that the biometric authentication has been accomplished, and
permit or perform starting of the engine if the alternative authentication is accomplished when determined that the biometric authentication has failed. | An engine switch device is disclosed by which the engine is permitted to be started using an engine switch when biometric authentication executed on the basis of biometric information sensed by a biometric authentication sensor is successful. This engine switch device includes: an authentication determination unit configured so as to determine that biometric authentication is successful when previously-stored biometric information matches the biometric information sensed by the biometric authentication sensor; an alternative authentication unit configured so as to execute an alternative authentication based on a user performing a prescribed operation vis-à-vis the engine switch when the biometric authentication fails; and an activation permission unit configured so as to permit or execute an engine start when the biometric authentication is successful and further configured so as to permit or execute the engine start when the biometric authentication fails and alternative authentication by the alternative authentication unit-is successful.1. An engine switch device that permits starting of an engine with an engine switch if biometric authentication executed based on biometric information detected by a biometric authentication sensor is accomplished, the engine switch device comprising:
a biometric authentication determination unit configured to determine that the biometric authentication has been accomplished if biometric information that is stored in advance matches the biometric information detected by the biometric authentication sensor; an alternative authentication unit configured to execute alternative authentication based on a predetermined operation performed on the engine switch by a user if the biometric authentication fails; and an actuation permission unit configured to permit or perform starting of the engine if the biometric authentication is accomplished and further configured to permit or perform starting of the engine if the biometric authentication fails but the alternative authentication performed by the alternative authentication unit is accomplished. 2. The engine switch device according to claim 1, comprising
a key verification unit configured to execute key verification based on whether an electronic key ID that is transmitted through wireless communication from an electronic key held by the user matches a registration ID that is stored in advance, wherein the actuation permission unit is configured to permit or perform starting of the engine if the biometric authentication and the key verification are both accomplished, and the actuation permission unit is further configured to permit or perform starting of the engine if the biometric authentication fails but the alternative authentication and the key verification are both accomplished. 3. The engine switch device according to claim 1, further comprising a failure notification unit configured to notify the user of failure of the biometric authentication using the engine switch or an electronic key held by the user if the biometric authentication fails. 4. The engine switch device according to claim 1, wherein the alternative authentication is performed only during a predetermined time from when failure of the biometric authentication is determined. 5. The engine switch device according to claim 1, further comprising:
the engine switch that includes an operation surface; and the biometric authentication sensor including a fingerprint sensor arranged on the operation surface of the engine switch, wherein the fingerprint sensor is configured to detect a fingerprint serving as the biometric information. 6. The engine switch device according to claim 5, wherein
the fingerprint sensor detects the predetermined operation performed on the engine switch by the user during the alternative authentication, and the alternative authentication unit is further configured to determine that the alternative authentication has been accomplished if a touching action performed by the user on the operation surface of the engine switch matches an action that is stored in advance. 7. The engine switch device according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined operation includes touching the operation surface of the engine switch for a number of times that is registered in advance. 8. The engine switch device according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined operation includes operating and touching the operation surface of the engine switch along a route that is registered in advance. 9. A system that starts an engine of a vehicle, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory connected to the one or more processors to store commands executable by the one or more processors and biometric information of a user of the vehicle, wherein the one or more processors executes the commands to
determine that biometric authentication has been accomplished if the biometric information stored in the memory matches biometric information detected by a biometric authentication sensor,
execute alternative authentication based on a predetermined operation performed on an engine switch by a user if determined that the biometric authentication has failed,
permit or perform starting of the engine if determined that the biometric authentication has been accomplished, and
permit or perform starting of the engine if the alternative authentication is accomplished when determined that the biometric authentication has failed. | 3,600 |
345,327 | 16,643,194 | 3,635 | The present invention provides a method for assembling a camera module, including: preparing a first sub-lens assembly and a second sub-assembly, wherein the second sub-assembly includes a second sub-lens assembly and a photosensitive assembly fixed together; arranging the first sub-lens assembly on an optical axis of the second sub-lens assembly to form an optical system capable of imaging; adjusting a relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, so as to increase an actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a first threshold, and decrease an actual measured image plane inclination obtained by using the photosensitive element to a second threshold; and connecting the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly. The present invention further provides a corresponding camera module | 1. A method for assembling a camera module, the method comprising: preparing a first sub-lens assembly and a second sub-assembly, wherein the first sub-lens assembly comprises a first lens barrel and at least one first lens, the second sub-assembly comprises a second sub-lens assembly and a photosensitive assembly fixed together, the second sub-lens assembly comprises a second lens barrel and at least one second lens, and the photosensitive assembly comprises a photosensitive element;
arranging the first sub-lens assembly on an optical axis of the second sub-lens assembly to form an optical system capable of imaging and comprising the at least one first lens and the at least one second lens; adjusting a relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, so as to increase an actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a first threshold, and decrease an actual measured image plane inclination obtained by using the photosensitive element to a second threshold; and connecting the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly, so that the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly remain unchanged. 2. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 1, wherein in the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, the adjusting the relative position comprises:
increasing the actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system by moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly in an adjustment plane. 3. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 2, wherein in the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, the movement in the adjustment plane comprises translation and/or rotation in the adjustment plane. 4. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 1, wherein in the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, the adjusting the relative position comprises: adjusting an angle of an axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly. 5. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly comprises the following sub-steps:
moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly in an adjustment plane, so as to increase actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system in a reference field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a corresponding threshold; and adjusting an angle of an axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly, so as to increase actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system in a test field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a corresponding threshold, and decrease an actual measured image plane inclination in the test field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to the second threshold. 6. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 5, wherein the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly further comprises:
moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly in a direction z, so that an actual measured image plane of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, matches a target surface, wherein the direction z is a direction along the optical axis. 7. (canceled) 8. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 5, wherein obtaining the actual measured image plane inclination comprises:
For the test field, setting a plurality of targets corresponding to different test positions in the test field; and acquiring a resolution defocusing curve corresponding to each test position based on an image output by the photosensitive assembly. 9. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 8, wherein the decreasing the actual measured image plane inclination to the second threshold is: making a position offset of the peak values of the resolution defocusing curves corresponding to different test positions in the test field along the optical axis direction reduce to the second threshold. 10. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 9, wherein the decreasing the actual measured image plane inclination to the second threshold is: making a position offset of the peak values of the resolution defocusing curves corresponding to different test positions in the test field along the optical axis direction reduce to a range of +/−5 μm. 11. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 5, wherein obtaining the actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system comprises:
setting a plurality of targets corresponding to different test positions in the reference field and the test field; and acquiring a resolution defocusing curve corresponding to each test position based on an image output by the photosensitive assembly. 12. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 11, wherein in the sub-step of moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly in an adjustment plane, the increasing the actual measured image plane inclination to a corresponding threshold is: increasing peaks of resolution defocusing curves corresponding to different test positions in the reference field to a corresponding threshold. 13. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 11, wherein in the sub-step of adjusting an angle of an axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly, the increasing the actual measured resolution to a corresponding threshold comprises: increasing a smallest one of peaks of a plurality of resolution defocusing curves corresponding to different test positions in the test field to a corresponding threshold. 14. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly comprises the following sub-steps:
moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly within a first range in the adjustment plane, so as to increase actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system in a reference field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a corresponding threshold; and then adjusting an angle of an axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly, so as to increase actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system in a test field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a corresponding threshold, and decrease an actual measured image plane inclination in the test field obtained by using the photosensitive element; and if the actual measured image plane inclination cannot reach the second threshold, further performing a readjustment step until the actual measured image plane inclination is decreased to the second threshold, wherein the readjustment step comprises: moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly within a second range in the adjustment plane, wherein the second range is smaller than the first range; and adjusting an angle of a central axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to a central axis of the second sub-lens assembly, so as to decrease the actual measured image plane inclination of imaging of the optical system obtained by using the photosensitive element. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. A camera module, comprising:
a first sub-lens assembly, comprising a first lens barrel and at least one first lens; and a second sub-assembly, comprising a second sub-lens assembly and a photosensitive assembly fixed together, wherein the second sub-lens assembly comprises a second lens barrel and at least one second lens, and the photosensitive assembly comprises a photosensitive element, wherein the first sub-lens assembly is arranged on an optical axis of the second sub-lens assembly to form an optical system capable of imaging and comprising the at least one first lens and the at least one second lens; and the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly are fixed together by a connecting medium, and the connecting medium is adapted to cause a central axis of the first sub-lens assembly to have an angle of inclination with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly. 19. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein the connecting medium is further adapted to cause the central axis of the first sub-lens assembly to be staggered with respect to the central axis of the second sub-lens assembly. 20. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein the connecting medium is further adapted to cause the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly to have a structural clearance therebetween. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein the central axis of the first sub-lens assembly has an angle of inclination of smaller than 0.5° with respect to the central axis of the second sub-lens assembly. 24. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein the connecting medium is further adapted to cause a relative position of the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly to remain unchanged, and the relative position cause actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to be increased to a first threshold, and cause an actual measured image plane inclination of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to be decreased to a second threshold. 25. The camera module according to claim 24, wherein the second sub-lens assembly further comprises a motor, the actual measured resolution is obtained when the motor is in on state, and the actual measured image plane inclination is obtained when the motor is in on state. 26. (canceled) 27. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein a clearance between 10 μm and 50 μm exists between the second sub-lens assembly and the photosensitive assembly. | The present invention provides a method for assembling a camera module, including: preparing a first sub-lens assembly and a second sub-assembly, wherein the second sub-assembly includes a second sub-lens assembly and a photosensitive assembly fixed together; arranging the first sub-lens assembly on an optical axis of the second sub-lens assembly to form an optical system capable of imaging; adjusting a relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, so as to increase an actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a first threshold, and decrease an actual measured image plane inclination obtained by using the photosensitive element to a second threshold; and connecting the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly. The present invention further provides a corresponding camera module1. A method for assembling a camera module, the method comprising: preparing a first sub-lens assembly and a second sub-assembly, wherein the first sub-lens assembly comprises a first lens barrel and at least one first lens, the second sub-assembly comprises a second sub-lens assembly and a photosensitive assembly fixed together, the second sub-lens assembly comprises a second lens barrel and at least one second lens, and the photosensitive assembly comprises a photosensitive element;
arranging the first sub-lens assembly on an optical axis of the second sub-lens assembly to form an optical system capable of imaging and comprising the at least one first lens and the at least one second lens; adjusting a relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, so as to increase an actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a first threshold, and decrease an actual measured image plane inclination obtained by using the photosensitive element to a second threshold; and connecting the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly, so that the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly remain unchanged. 2. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 1, wherein in the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, the adjusting the relative position comprises:
increasing the actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system by moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly in an adjustment plane. 3. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 2, wherein in the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, the movement in the adjustment plane comprises translation and/or rotation in the adjustment plane. 4. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 1, wherein in the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly, the adjusting the relative position comprises: adjusting an angle of an axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly. 5. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly comprises the following sub-steps:
moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly in an adjustment plane, so as to increase actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system in a reference field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a corresponding threshold; and adjusting an angle of an axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly, so as to increase actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system in a test field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a corresponding threshold, and decrease an actual measured image plane inclination in the test field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to the second threshold. 6. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 5, wherein the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly further comprises:
moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly in a direction z, so that an actual measured image plane of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, matches a target surface, wherein the direction z is a direction along the optical axis. 7. (canceled) 8. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 5, wherein obtaining the actual measured image plane inclination comprises:
For the test field, setting a plurality of targets corresponding to different test positions in the test field; and acquiring a resolution defocusing curve corresponding to each test position based on an image output by the photosensitive assembly. 9. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 8, wherein the decreasing the actual measured image plane inclination to the second threshold is: making a position offset of the peak values of the resolution defocusing curves corresponding to different test positions in the test field along the optical axis direction reduce to the second threshold. 10. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 9, wherein the decreasing the actual measured image plane inclination to the second threshold is: making a position offset of the peak values of the resolution defocusing curves corresponding to different test positions in the test field along the optical axis direction reduce to a range of +/−5 μm. 11. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 5, wherein obtaining the actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system comprises:
setting a plurality of targets corresponding to different test positions in the reference field and the test field; and acquiring a resolution defocusing curve corresponding to each test position based on an image output by the photosensitive assembly. 12. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 11, wherein in the sub-step of moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly in an adjustment plane, the increasing the actual measured image plane inclination to a corresponding threshold is: increasing peaks of resolution defocusing curves corresponding to different test positions in the reference field to a corresponding threshold. 13. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 11, wherein in the sub-step of adjusting an angle of an axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly, the increasing the actual measured resolution to a corresponding threshold comprises: increasing a smallest one of peaks of a plurality of resolution defocusing curves corresponding to different test positions in the test field to a corresponding threshold. 14. The method for assembling a camera module according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the relative position of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly comprises the following sub-steps:
moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly within a first range in the adjustment plane, so as to increase actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system in a reference field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a corresponding threshold; and then adjusting an angle of an axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly, so as to increase actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system in a test field, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to a corresponding threshold, and decrease an actual measured image plane inclination in the test field obtained by using the photosensitive element; and if the actual measured image plane inclination cannot reach the second threshold, further performing a readjustment step until the actual measured image plane inclination is decreased to the second threshold, wherein the readjustment step comprises: moving the first sub-lens assembly with respect to the second sub-lens assembly within a second range in the adjustment plane, wherein the second range is smaller than the first range; and adjusting an angle of a central axis of the first sub-lens assembly with respect to a central axis of the second sub-lens assembly, so as to decrease the actual measured image plane inclination of imaging of the optical system obtained by using the photosensitive element. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. A camera module, comprising:
a first sub-lens assembly, comprising a first lens barrel and at least one first lens; and a second sub-assembly, comprising a second sub-lens assembly and a photosensitive assembly fixed together, wherein the second sub-lens assembly comprises a second lens barrel and at least one second lens, and the photosensitive assembly comprises a photosensitive element, wherein the first sub-lens assembly is arranged on an optical axis of the second sub-lens assembly to form an optical system capable of imaging and comprising the at least one first lens and the at least one second lens; and the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly are fixed together by a connecting medium, and the connecting medium is adapted to cause a central axis of the first sub-lens assembly to have an angle of inclination with respect to an axis of the second sub-lens assembly. 19. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein the connecting medium is further adapted to cause the central axis of the first sub-lens assembly to be staggered with respect to the central axis of the second sub-lens assembly. 20. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein the connecting medium is further adapted to cause the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly to have a structural clearance therebetween. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein the central axis of the first sub-lens assembly has an angle of inclination of smaller than 0.5° with respect to the central axis of the second sub-lens assembly. 24. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein the connecting medium is further adapted to cause a relative position of the first sub-lens assembly and the second sub-lens assembly to remain unchanged, and the relative position cause actual measured resolution of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to be increased to a first threshold, and cause an actual measured image plane inclination of imaging of the optical system, obtained by using the photosensitive element, to be decreased to a second threshold. 25. The camera module according to claim 24, wherein the second sub-lens assembly further comprises a motor, the actual measured resolution is obtained when the motor is in on state, and the actual measured image plane inclination is obtained when the motor is in on state. 26. (canceled) 27. The camera module according to claim 18, wherein a clearance between 10 μm and 50 μm exists between the second sub-lens assembly and the photosensitive assembly. | 3,600 |
345,328 | 16,643,257 | 3,635 | Adhesive compositions are disclosed comprising acrylic copolymers formed from a monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers in the monomer mixture, from 59 to 97.9 weight percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, from 0.1 to 10 weight percent styrene, from 0 to 25 weight percent methyl methacrylate, and from 2 to 30 weight percent ethyl acrylate, wherein the ratio of ethyl acrylate to styrene (by weight) is greater than 4.5 to 1. Methods for preparing adhesive compositions are disclosed comprising feeding an aqueous initial charge to a reactor, heating the aqueous initial charge to from about 30 to 110° C., gradually feeding a monomer mixture into the reactor over a period of time (less than 3 hours), in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator, thereby forming the acrylic adhesive composition, wherein the amount of free monomer in the reactor does not exceed 17 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the reactor contents, during gradual feeding. | 1. An adhesive composition, comprising:
an acrylic copolymer formed from a monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers in the monomer mixture,
from 59 to 97.9 weight percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate;
from 0.1 to 10 weight percent styrene;
from 0 to 25 weight percent methyl methacrylate; and
from 2 to 30 weight percent ethyl acrylate,
wherein the ratio of ethyl acrylate to styrene (by weight) is greater than 4.5 to 1. 2. The adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the monomer mixture further comprises an unsaturated monomer. 3. The adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the unsaturated monomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, isoamyl acrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, decyl methacrylate, dodecyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, acrylamide, methacrylamide, tetrahydrofurfurylacrylamide, tetrahydrofurfurylmethacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2-ketobutyl acrylate, 2-ketobutyl methacrylate, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepan, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane, N-methyl-2-methyleneoxazolidine, 2-methylene-1,3-thiolene, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinylpyridine, β-aminoethyl vinyl ether, aminopentyl vinyl ether, tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, methylstyrene, vinyl acetate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, and combinations thereof. 4. A method for preparing an adhesive composition by emulsion polymerization, comprising:
feeding an aqueous initial charge to a reactor; heating the aqueous initial charge to from about 30 to 110° C.; gradually feeding a monomer mixture into the reactor over a period of time, in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator, thereby forming the adhesive composition, the monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers in the monomer mixture, from 59 to 97.9 weight percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, from 0.1 to 10 weight percent styrene, from 0 to 25 weight percent methyl methacrylate, and from 2 to 30 weight percent ethyl acrylate, wherein the amount of free monomer in the reactor does not exceed 17 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the reactor contents, during gradual feeding. 5. The method for preparing an adhesive composition by a monomer emulsion feed polymerization of claim 4, wherein the ratio of ethyl acrylate to styrene (by weight) is greater than 4.5 to 1. 6. The method for preparing an adhesive composition by a monomer emulsion feed polymerization of claim 4, wherein the period of time for gradual feeding does not exceed 3 hours in length. 7. A food contact article including an adhesive layer comprising an adhesive composition, the adhesive composition comprising an acrylic emulsion formed from a monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers in the monomer mixture,
from 59 to 97.9 weight percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; from 0.1 to 10 weight percent styrene; from 0 to 25 weight percent methyl methacrylate; and from 2 to 30 weight percent ethyl acrylate, 8. The food contact article of claim 7, wherein the food contact article is a plastic packaging, label or tape. | Adhesive compositions are disclosed comprising acrylic copolymers formed from a monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers in the monomer mixture, from 59 to 97.9 weight percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, from 0.1 to 10 weight percent styrene, from 0 to 25 weight percent methyl methacrylate, and from 2 to 30 weight percent ethyl acrylate, wherein the ratio of ethyl acrylate to styrene (by weight) is greater than 4.5 to 1. Methods for preparing adhesive compositions are disclosed comprising feeding an aqueous initial charge to a reactor, heating the aqueous initial charge to from about 30 to 110° C., gradually feeding a monomer mixture into the reactor over a period of time (less than 3 hours), in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator, thereby forming the acrylic adhesive composition, wherein the amount of free monomer in the reactor does not exceed 17 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the reactor contents, during gradual feeding.1. An adhesive composition, comprising:
an acrylic copolymer formed from a monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers in the monomer mixture,
from 59 to 97.9 weight percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate;
from 0.1 to 10 weight percent styrene;
from 0 to 25 weight percent methyl methacrylate; and
from 2 to 30 weight percent ethyl acrylate,
wherein the ratio of ethyl acrylate to styrene (by weight) is greater than 4.5 to 1. 2. The adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the monomer mixture further comprises an unsaturated monomer. 3. The adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the unsaturated monomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, isoamyl acrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, decyl methacrylate, dodecyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, acrylamide, methacrylamide, tetrahydrofurfurylacrylamide, tetrahydrofurfurylmethacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2-ketobutyl acrylate, 2-ketobutyl methacrylate, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepan, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane, N-methyl-2-methyleneoxazolidine, 2-methylene-1,3-thiolene, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinylpyridine, β-aminoethyl vinyl ether, aminopentyl vinyl ether, tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, methylstyrene, vinyl acetate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, and combinations thereof. 4. A method for preparing an adhesive composition by emulsion polymerization, comprising:
feeding an aqueous initial charge to a reactor; heating the aqueous initial charge to from about 30 to 110° C.; gradually feeding a monomer mixture into the reactor over a period of time, in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator, thereby forming the adhesive composition, the monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers in the monomer mixture, from 59 to 97.9 weight percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, from 0.1 to 10 weight percent styrene, from 0 to 25 weight percent methyl methacrylate, and from 2 to 30 weight percent ethyl acrylate, wherein the amount of free monomer in the reactor does not exceed 17 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the reactor contents, during gradual feeding. 5. The method for preparing an adhesive composition by a monomer emulsion feed polymerization of claim 4, wherein the ratio of ethyl acrylate to styrene (by weight) is greater than 4.5 to 1. 6. The method for preparing an adhesive composition by a monomer emulsion feed polymerization of claim 4, wherein the period of time for gradual feeding does not exceed 3 hours in length. 7. A food contact article including an adhesive layer comprising an adhesive composition, the adhesive composition comprising an acrylic emulsion formed from a monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers in the monomer mixture,
from 59 to 97.9 weight percent 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; from 0.1 to 10 weight percent styrene; from 0 to 25 weight percent methyl methacrylate; and from 2 to 30 weight percent ethyl acrylate, 8. The food contact article of claim 7, wherein the food contact article is a plastic packaging, label or tape. | 3,600 |
345,329 | 16,643,213 | 3,635 | Systems, methods, and computer program products are described that include obtaining, at a processor, a first image from an image capture device onboard a computing device, detecting, using the processor and at least one sensor, a device orientation of the computing device associated with capture of the first image, determining, based on the device orientation and a tracking stack associated with the computing device, a rotation angle in which to rotate the first image, rotating the first image to the rotation angle to generate a second image, and generating neural network based estimates associated with the first image and the second image. | 1. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
obtaining, at a processor, a first image from an image capture device included on a computing device; detecting, using the processor and at least one sensor, a device orientation of the computing device and associated with capture of the first image; determining, based on the orientation, a rotation angle in which to rotate the first image; rotating the first image to the rotation angle to generate a second image; and providing, using the processor, the second image to at least one neural network to generate a lighting estimate for the first image based on the second image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the detected device orientation occurs during an Augmented Reality (AR) session operating on the computing device; the lighting estimate is rotated at an inverse of the rotation angle; and the first image is rendered in the AR session on the computing device, and AR content is generated and rendered as an overlay on the first image using the rotated lighting estimate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second image is generated to match a capture orientation associated with previously captured training data, and wherein the second image is used to generate landscape oriented lighting estimates. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotation angle is used to align the first image to generate a gravity aligned second image. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first image is a live camera image feed generating a plurality of images; and the plurality of images are continuously aligned based on detected movement changes associated with the computing device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one sensor includes a tracking stack associated with tracked features captured in the live camera image feed. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor is an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) of the computing device and movement changes represent a tracking stack associated with the IMU and the computing device. 8. A system comprising:
an image capture device associated with a computing device; at least one processor; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to:
obtain, at a processor, a first image from the image capture device;
detect, using the processor and at least one sensor, a device orientation of the computing device and associated with capture of the first image;
detect, using the processor and the at least one sensor, movement changes associated with the computing device;
determine, based on the orientation and the movement changes, a rotation angle in which to rotate the first image;
rotate the first image to the rotation angle to generate a second image; and
generate a face tracking estimate for the first image based on the second image and according to the movement changes. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the image capture device is a front-facing image capture device of the computing device, the first image is captured using the front-facing image capture device, and the first image includes at least one face rotated at the rotation angle to generate the second image, the second image being aligned with eyes associated with the face located above a mouth associated with the face. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the movement changes are associated with an Augmented Reality (AR) session operating on the computing device; the face tracking estimate is rotated at an inverse of the rotation angle; the first image is rendered in the AR session on the computing device; and the second image is provided as gravity-aligned content to at least one machine learning model associated with the computing device, to trigger an Augmented Reality (AR) experience associated with the first image and the rotated face tracking estimate. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the second image is used as input to a neural network to generate landscape oriented content with at least one gravity aligned face in the content. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the first image is a live camera image feed generating a plurality of images; and the plurality of images are continuously aligned based on the detected movement changes associated with the computing device. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein:
the second image is generated to match a capture orientation associated with previously captured training data, and the second image is used to generate landscape oriented face tracking estimates. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one sensor is an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) of the computing device and the movement changes represent a tracking stack associated with the IMU and the computing device. 15. A computer program product tangibly embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and comprising instructions that, when executed, are configured to cause at least one processor to:
obtain, at a processor, a first image from an image capture device onboard a computing device; detect, using the processor and at least one sensor, a device orientation of the computing device associated with capture of the first image; determine, based on the device orientation and a tracking stack associated with the computing device, a rotation angle in which to rotate the first image; rotate the first image to the rotation angle to generate a second image, and provide the second image as gravity-aligned content to at least one machine learning model, associated with the computing device, to trigger at least one Augmented Reality (AR) feature associated with the first image. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein
the at least one sensor includes the tracking stack corresponding to trackable features captured in the first image. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the second image is generated to match a capture orientation associated with previously captured training data. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
the first image is a live camera image feed generating a plurality of images; and the plurality of images are continuously aligned based on detected movement associated with the tracking stack. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, further comprising:
generating, using the plurality of images, input for a neural network, the input including generated landscape oriented images based on captured portrait oriented images. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the at least one sensor is an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) of the computing device and the tracking stack is associated with changes detected at the computing device. | Systems, methods, and computer program products are described that include obtaining, at a processor, a first image from an image capture device onboard a computing device, detecting, using the processor and at least one sensor, a device orientation of the computing device associated with capture of the first image, determining, based on the device orientation and a tracking stack associated with the computing device, a rotation angle in which to rotate the first image, rotating the first image to the rotation angle to generate a second image, and generating neural network based estimates associated with the first image and the second image.1. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
obtaining, at a processor, a first image from an image capture device included on a computing device; detecting, using the processor and at least one sensor, a device orientation of the computing device and associated with capture of the first image; determining, based on the orientation, a rotation angle in which to rotate the first image; rotating the first image to the rotation angle to generate a second image; and providing, using the processor, the second image to at least one neural network to generate a lighting estimate for the first image based on the second image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the detected device orientation occurs during an Augmented Reality (AR) session operating on the computing device; the lighting estimate is rotated at an inverse of the rotation angle; and the first image is rendered in the AR session on the computing device, and AR content is generated and rendered as an overlay on the first image using the rotated lighting estimate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second image is generated to match a capture orientation associated with previously captured training data, and wherein the second image is used to generate landscape oriented lighting estimates. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotation angle is used to align the first image to generate a gravity aligned second image. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first image is a live camera image feed generating a plurality of images; and the plurality of images are continuously aligned based on detected movement changes associated with the computing device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one sensor includes a tracking stack associated with tracked features captured in the live camera image feed. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor is an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) of the computing device and movement changes represent a tracking stack associated with the IMU and the computing device. 8. A system comprising:
an image capture device associated with a computing device; at least one processor; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to:
obtain, at a processor, a first image from the image capture device;
detect, using the processor and at least one sensor, a device orientation of the computing device and associated with capture of the first image;
detect, using the processor and the at least one sensor, movement changes associated with the computing device;
determine, based on the orientation and the movement changes, a rotation angle in which to rotate the first image;
rotate the first image to the rotation angle to generate a second image; and
generate a face tracking estimate for the first image based on the second image and according to the movement changes. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the image capture device is a front-facing image capture device of the computing device, the first image is captured using the front-facing image capture device, and the first image includes at least one face rotated at the rotation angle to generate the second image, the second image being aligned with eyes associated with the face located above a mouth associated with the face. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the movement changes are associated with an Augmented Reality (AR) session operating on the computing device; the face tracking estimate is rotated at an inverse of the rotation angle; the first image is rendered in the AR session on the computing device; and the second image is provided as gravity-aligned content to at least one machine learning model associated with the computing device, to trigger an Augmented Reality (AR) experience associated with the first image and the rotated face tracking estimate. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the second image is used as input to a neural network to generate landscape oriented content with at least one gravity aligned face in the content. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the first image is a live camera image feed generating a plurality of images; and the plurality of images are continuously aligned based on the detected movement changes associated with the computing device. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein:
the second image is generated to match a capture orientation associated with previously captured training data, and the second image is used to generate landscape oriented face tracking estimates. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one sensor is an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) of the computing device and the movement changes represent a tracking stack associated with the IMU and the computing device. 15. A computer program product tangibly embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and comprising instructions that, when executed, are configured to cause at least one processor to:
obtain, at a processor, a first image from an image capture device onboard a computing device; detect, using the processor and at least one sensor, a device orientation of the computing device associated with capture of the first image; determine, based on the device orientation and a tracking stack associated with the computing device, a rotation angle in which to rotate the first image; rotate the first image to the rotation angle to generate a second image, and provide the second image as gravity-aligned content to at least one machine learning model, associated with the computing device, to trigger at least one Augmented Reality (AR) feature associated with the first image. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein
the at least one sensor includes the tracking stack corresponding to trackable features captured in the first image. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the second image is generated to match a capture orientation associated with previously captured training data. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
the first image is a live camera image feed generating a plurality of images; and the plurality of images are continuously aligned based on detected movement associated with the tracking stack. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, further comprising:
generating, using the plurality of images, input for a neural network, the input including generated landscape oriented images based on captured portrait oriented images. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the at least one sensor is an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) of the computing device and the tracking stack is associated with changes detected at the computing device. | 3,600 |
345,330 | 16,643,208 | 3,635 | The invention relates to a front end panel assembly (100) for an electric vehicle (300), the assembly comprising: -an at least partially optically transparent laminate sheet (108) having side edges, comprising an optically transparent thermoplastic substrate and at least one protective layer; -a spacing structure (112) comprising a base (110) and a peripheral upstanding wall (120) extending from the base, wherein the upstanding wall connects to the laminate at or near at least part of the side edges of the laminate, such that a space (122) is formed and enclosed between the laminate sheet and the spacing structure, and wherein the at least one protective layer of the laminate faces away from the spacing structure. | 1. A front end panel assembly for an electric vehicle, the assembly comprising:
an at least partially optically transparent laminate sheet having side edges, comprising an optically transparent thermoplastic substrate and at least one protective layer; a spacing structure comprising a base and a peripheral upstanding wall extending from the base, wherein the upstanding wall connects to the laminate at or near at least part of the side edges of the laminate, such that a space is formed and enclosed between the laminate sheet and the spacing structure, and wherein the at least one protective layer of the laminate faces away from the spacing structure. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the laminate sheet comprises a pattern layer facing the spacing structure, which pattern layer renders part of the laminate opaque for pattern formation. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein the pattern layer comprises a foil joined at a surface facing the spacing structure. 4. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein the pattern layer comprises an overmoulded thermoplastic layer having an open structure. 5. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a light module enclosed within the space formed between the laminate sheet and the spacing structure. 6. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the spacing structure comprises a thermoplastic material. 7. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the base of the spacing structure has an inner surface facing the laminate sheet, and wherein the inner surface is smooth, textured and/or corrugated. 8. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein an inner surface at least the base of the spacing structure comprises a mirror for reflection of visible light, and the inner surface of the laminate sheet facing the spacing structure comprises a semi-transparent mirror, such that an infinity mirror is created in the front end panel assembly. 9. The assembly according to claim 1, comprising a receiving portion for an electronic component for integration with the assembly. 10. The assembly according to claim 9, wherein the receiving portion extends to the laminate sheet and is at least partially enclosed by the spacing structure. 11. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the laminate sheet comprises a peripheral opaque band that extends from the side edge of the laminate sheet. 12. A front end panel module for an electric vehicle, comprising a plurality of front end panel assemblies according to claim 1. 13. An electric vehicle comprising a front end panel assembly according to claim 1. 14. The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the front end panel assembly or front end panel module forms part of the front fascia of the vehicle. 15. The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the assembly or the module is flanked by a pair of head lights. 16. The assembly according to claim 1,
further comprising a light module enclosed within the space formed between the laminate sheet and the spacing structure; wherein the spacing structure comprises a thermoplastic material; wherein the base of the spacing structure has an inner surface facing the laminate sheet, and wherein the inner surface is smooth, textured and/or corrugated; wherein an inner surface at least the base of the spacing structure comprises a mirror for reflection of visible light, and the inner surface of the laminate sheet facing the spacing structure comprises a semi-transparent mirror, such that an infinity mirror is created in the front end panel assembly; further comprising a receiving portion for an electronic component for integration with the assembly; and wherein the laminate sheet comprises a peripheral opaque band that extends from the side edge of the laminate sheet. 17. The assembly according to claim 16, wherein the receiving portion extends to the laminate sheet and is at least partially enclosed by the spacing structure. | The invention relates to a front end panel assembly (100) for an electric vehicle (300), the assembly comprising: -an at least partially optically transparent laminate sheet (108) having side edges, comprising an optically transparent thermoplastic substrate and at least one protective layer; -a spacing structure (112) comprising a base (110) and a peripheral upstanding wall (120) extending from the base, wherein the upstanding wall connects to the laminate at or near at least part of the side edges of the laminate, such that a space (122) is formed and enclosed between the laminate sheet and the spacing structure, and wherein the at least one protective layer of the laminate faces away from the spacing structure.1. A front end panel assembly for an electric vehicle, the assembly comprising:
an at least partially optically transparent laminate sheet having side edges, comprising an optically transparent thermoplastic substrate and at least one protective layer; a spacing structure comprising a base and a peripheral upstanding wall extending from the base, wherein the upstanding wall connects to the laminate at or near at least part of the side edges of the laminate, such that a space is formed and enclosed between the laminate sheet and the spacing structure, and wherein the at least one protective layer of the laminate faces away from the spacing structure. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the laminate sheet comprises a pattern layer facing the spacing structure, which pattern layer renders part of the laminate opaque for pattern formation. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein the pattern layer comprises a foil joined at a surface facing the spacing structure. 4. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein the pattern layer comprises an overmoulded thermoplastic layer having an open structure. 5. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a light module enclosed within the space formed between the laminate sheet and the spacing structure. 6. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the spacing structure comprises a thermoplastic material. 7. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the base of the spacing structure has an inner surface facing the laminate sheet, and wherein the inner surface is smooth, textured and/or corrugated. 8. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein an inner surface at least the base of the spacing structure comprises a mirror for reflection of visible light, and the inner surface of the laminate sheet facing the spacing structure comprises a semi-transparent mirror, such that an infinity mirror is created in the front end panel assembly. 9. The assembly according to claim 1, comprising a receiving portion for an electronic component for integration with the assembly. 10. The assembly according to claim 9, wherein the receiving portion extends to the laminate sheet and is at least partially enclosed by the spacing structure. 11. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the laminate sheet comprises a peripheral opaque band that extends from the side edge of the laminate sheet. 12. A front end panel module for an electric vehicle, comprising a plurality of front end panel assemblies according to claim 1. 13. An electric vehicle comprising a front end panel assembly according to claim 1. 14. The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the front end panel assembly or front end panel module forms part of the front fascia of the vehicle. 15. The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the assembly or the module is flanked by a pair of head lights. 16. The assembly according to claim 1,
further comprising a light module enclosed within the space formed between the laminate sheet and the spacing structure; wherein the spacing structure comprises a thermoplastic material; wherein the base of the spacing structure has an inner surface facing the laminate sheet, and wherein the inner surface is smooth, textured and/or corrugated; wherein an inner surface at least the base of the spacing structure comprises a mirror for reflection of visible light, and the inner surface of the laminate sheet facing the spacing structure comprises a semi-transparent mirror, such that an infinity mirror is created in the front end panel assembly; further comprising a receiving portion for an electronic component for integration with the assembly; and wherein the laminate sheet comprises a peripheral opaque band that extends from the side edge of the laminate sheet. 17. The assembly according to claim 16, wherein the receiving portion extends to the laminate sheet and is at least partially enclosed by the spacing structure. | 3,600 |
345,331 | 16,643,226 | 3,635 | The present disclosure provides a drift control circuit, a drift control method, a gate driving unit, a gate driving method and a display device. The drift control circuit includes: a first drift control sub-circuit configured to, during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module, control first electrodes of pull-down transistors included in the second pull-down module to be coupled to a first control voltage terminal, which is configured to input a first voltage to the first pull-down module during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module; and a second drift control sub-circuit configured to, during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, control first electrodes of pull-down transistors included in the first pull-down module to be coupled to a second control voltage terminal, which is configured to input the first voltage to the second pull-down module during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module. | 1. A drift control circuit applied to a gate driving unit, the gate driving unit comprising a first pull-down module and a second pull-down module, wherein the drift control circuit comprises a first drift control sub-circuit and a second drift control sub-circuit,
the first drift control sub-circuit is configured to control first electrodes of pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be coupled to a first control voltage terminal during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module, and the first control voltage terminal is configured to input a first voltage to the first pull-down module during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module; and the second drift control sub-circuit is configured to control first electrodes of pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be coupled to a second control voltage terminal during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, the second control voltage terminal is configured to input the first voltage to the second pull-down module during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, wherein gate electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module are coupled to a first pull-down node, and gate electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module are coupled to a second pull-down node. 2. The drift control circuit of claim 1, wherein the first drift control sub-circuit is further configured to control the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be supplied with a second voltage during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module; and
the second drift control sub-circuit is further configured to control the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be supplied with the second voltage during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module. 3. The drift control circuit of claim 1, wherein the first drift control sub-circuit comprises:
a first drift control transistor, a gate electrode of the first drift control transistor being coupled to a first drift control terminal, a first electrode of the first drift control transistor being coupled to a first bias terminal, and a second electrode of the first drift control transistor being coupled to the first control voltage terminal; and a second drift control transistor, a gate electrode of the second drift control transistor being coupled to a second drift control terminal, a first electrode of the second drift control transistor being coupled to the first bias terminal, and a second electrode of the second drift control transistor being coupled to a second voltage terminal, wherein the first bias terminal is coupled to the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module. 4. The drift control circuit of claim 3, wherein the second drift control sub-circuit comprises:
a third drift control transistor, a gate electrode of the third drift control transistor being coupled to the second drift control terminal, a first electrode of the third drift control transistor being coupled to a second bias terminal, and a second electrode of the third drift control transistor being coupled to the second control voltage terminal; and a fourth drift control transistor, a gate electrode of the fourth drift control transistor being coupled to the first drift control terminal, a first electrode of the fourth drift control transistor being coupled to the second bias terminal, a second electrode of the fourth drift control transistor being coupled to the second voltage terminal, wherein the second bias terminal is coupled to the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module. 5. The drift control circuit of claim 3, wherein the first control voltage terminal is couple to one of:
a first voltage terminal configured to provide the first voltage; the first drift control terminal; and the first pull-down node. 6. The drift control circuit of claim 4, wherein the second control voltage terminal is couple to one of:
the first voltage terminal; the second drift control terminal; the second pull-down node. 7. The drift control circuit of claim 6, wherein in a case where the gate driving unit further comprises a first pull-down node control module, the first control voltage terminal is coupled to a first pull-down control node to which the first pull-down node control module is coupled. 8. The drift control circuit of claim 7, wherein in a case where the gate driving unit further comprises a second pull-down node control module, the second control voltage terminal is coupled to a second pull-down control node to which the second pull-down node control module is coupled. 9. A drift control method, applied to the drift control circuit of claim 1, the drift control method comprising:
during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module, outputting, by the first control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the first pull-down module, and controlling, by the first drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be coupled to the first control voltage terminal; and during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, inputting, by the second control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the second pull-down module, and controlling, by the second drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be coupled to the second control voltage terminal. 10. A gate driving unit, comprising:
a first pull-down module comprising pull-down transistors, gate electrodes of which are coupled to a first pull-down node; a second pull-down module comprising pull-down transistors, gate electrodes of which are coupled to a second pull-down node; the drift control circuit of claim 1, wherein the drift control circuit comprises a first drift control sub-circuit coupled to first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module, and a second drift control sub-circuit coupled to first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module. 11. The gate driving unit of claim 10, wherein the first pull-down module comprises:
a first pull-down transistor, a gate electrode of the first pull-down transistor being coupled to the first pull-down node, a first electrode of the first pull-down transistor being coupled to a second bias terminal, and a second electrode of the first pull-down transistor being coupled to a pull-up node; a second pull-down transistor, a gate electrode of the second pull-down transistor being coupled to the first pull-down node, a first electrode of the second pull-down transistor being coupled to the second bias terminal, and a second electrode of the second pull-down transistor being coupled to a gate driving signal output terminal; the second pull-down module comprises: a third pull-down transistor, a gate electrode of the third pull-down transistor being coupled to the second pull-down node, a first electrode of the third pull-down transistor being coupled to a first bias terminal, and a second electrode of the third pull-down transistor being coupled to the pull-up node; and a fourth pull-down transistor, a gate electrode of the fourth pull-down transistor being coupled to the second pull-down node, a first electrode of the fourth pull-down transistor being coupled to the first bias terminal, and a second electrode of the fourth pull-down transistor being coupled to the gate driving signal output terminal. 12. The gate driving unit of claim 10, wherein the gate driving unit further comprises a first pull-down node control module and a second pull-down node control module;
the first pull-down node control module comprises:
a first pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode and a first electrode of the first pull-down node control transistor being both coupled to a first drift control terminal, and a second electrode of the first pull-down node control transistor being coupled to a first pull-down control node;
a second pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the second pull-down node control transistor being coupled to a pull-up node, a first electrode of the second pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first pull-down control node, and a second electrode of the second pull-down node control transistor being coupled to a second voltage terminal;
a third pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the third pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first pull-down control node, a first electrode of the third pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first drift control terminal, and a second electrode of the third pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first pull-down node; and
a fourth pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the fourth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the pull-up node, a first electrode of the fourth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first pull-down node, and a second electrode of the fourth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second voltage terminal, and
the first pull-down node control module is configured to control a potential of the first pull-down control node under control of the first drift control terminal and to control a potential of the first pull-down node under control of the first pull-down control node; the second pull-down node control module comprises:
a fifth pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode and a first electrode of the fifth pull-down node control transistor being both coupled to a second drift control terminal, and a second electrode of the fifth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to a second pull-down control node;
a sixth pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the sixth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the pull-up node, a first electrode of the sixth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second pull-down control node, and a second electrode of the sixth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second voltage terminal;
a seventh pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the seventh pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second pull-down control node, a first electrode of the seventh pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second drift control terminal, and a second electrode of the seventh pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second pull-down node; and
an eighth pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the eighth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the pull-up node, a first electrode of the eighth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second pull-down node, and a second electrode of the eighth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second voltage terminal, and
the second pull-down node control module is configured to control a potential of the second pull-down control node under control of the second drift control terminal, and to control a potential of the second pull-down node under control of the second pull-down control node. 13. The gate driving unit of claim 10, further comprising an input module, a reset module, an output module and a start module,
wherein the input module is respectively coupled to an input terminal and a pull-up node and configured to control a potential of the pull-up node under control of the input terminal, the reset module is respectively coupled to a first reset terminal, a second reset terminal, the pull-up node, a gate driving signal output terminal and a reset voltage terminal, and configured to control the potential of the pull-up node under control of the first reset terminal and control a potential of the gate driving signal output terminal under control of the second reset terminal, the output module is respectively coupled to the pull-up node, the gate driving signal output terminal and a clock signal input terminal, and configured to control the potential of the gate driving signal output terminal under control of the pull-up node, and the start module is respectively coupled to a start control terminal, the pull-up node, the gate driving signal output terminal and the start voltage terminal and configured to control the potential of the pull-up node and the potential of the gate driving signal output terminal under control of the start control terminal. 14. A gate driving method, applied to the gate driving unit of claim 10, the gate driving method comprising:
during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module, inputting, by a first control voltage terminal, a first voltage to the first pull-down module, and controlling, by the first drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be coupled to the first control voltage terminal; and during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, inputting, by a second control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the second pull-down module, and controlling, by the second drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be coupled to the second control voltage terminal. 15. The gate driving method of claim 14, wherein the gate driving unit further comprises a first pull-down node control module and a second pull-down node control module, and the gate driving method comprises:
in a first pull-down period, inputting, by the first control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the first pull-down module, controlling, by the first pull-down node control module and under control of the first drift control terminal, a potential of the first pull-down node to be the first voltage, controlling, by the second drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be supplied with a second voltage, controlling, by the first pull-down module and under control of the first pull-down node, noise releasing for the pull-up node and the gate driving signal output terminal, and controlling, by the first drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be coupled to the first control voltage terminal; and in a second pull-down period, inputting, by the second control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the second pull-down module, controlling, by the second pull-down node control module and under control of the second drift control terminal, a potential of the second pull-down node to be the first voltage, controlling, by the first drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be supplied with the second voltage, controlling, by the second pull-down module and under control of the second pull-down node, noise releasing for the pull-up node and the gate driving signal output terminal, and controlling, by the second drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be coupled to the second control voltage terminal, wherein the first pull-down module is respectively coupled to the pull-up node and the gate driving signal output terminal, and the second pull-down module is respectively coupled to the pull-up node and the gate driving signal output terminal, the first pull-down node control module is respectively coupled to the first drift control terminal and the first pull-down node, the second pull-down node control module is respectively coupled to the second drift control terminal and the second pull-down node, an interconnection point of the gate electrodes of two pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module is the first pull-down node, and an interconnection point of the gate electrodes of two pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module is the second pull-down node. 16. The gate driving method of claim 15, wherein a signal output by the first drift control terminal and a signal output by the second drift control terminal have a same period but opposite phases. 17. The gate driving method of claim 16, wherein one of a first half period and a second half period of the period is the first pull-down period, and the other of the first half period and the second half period of the period is the second pull-down period. 18. A display device, comprising the gate driving unit of claim 10. | The present disclosure provides a drift control circuit, a drift control method, a gate driving unit, a gate driving method and a display device. The drift control circuit includes: a first drift control sub-circuit configured to, during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module, control first electrodes of pull-down transistors included in the second pull-down module to be coupled to a first control voltage terminal, which is configured to input a first voltage to the first pull-down module during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module; and a second drift control sub-circuit configured to, during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, control first electrodes of pull-down transistors included in the first pull-down module to be coupled to a second control voltage terminal, which is configured to input the first voltage to the second pull-down module during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module.1. A drift control circuit applied to a gate driving unit, the gate driving unit comprising a first pull-down module and a second pull-down module, wherein the drift control circuit comprises a first drift control sub-circuit and a second drift control sub-circuit,
the first drift control sub-circuit is configured to control first electrodes of pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be coupled to a first control voltage terminal during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module, and the first control voltage terminal is configured to input a first voltage to the first pull-down module during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module; and the second drift control sub-circuit is configured to control first electrodes of pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be coupled to a second control voltage terminal during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, the second control voltage terminal is configured to input the first voltage to the second pull-down module during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, wherein gate electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module are coupled to a first pull-down node, and gate electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module are coupled to a second pull-down node. 2. The drift control circuit of claim 1, wherein the first drift control sub-circuit is further configured to control the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be supplied with a second voltage during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module; and
the second drift control sub-circuit is further configured to control the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be supplied with the second voltage during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module. 3. The drift control circuit of claim 1, wherein the first drift control sub-circuit comprises:
a first drift control transistor, a gate electrode of the first drift control transistor being coupled to a first drift control terminal, a first electrode of the first drift control transistor being coupled to a first bias terminal, and a second electrode of the first drift control transistor being coupled to the first control voltage terminal; and a second drift control transistor, a gate electrode of the second drift control transistor being coupled to a second drift control terminal, a first electrode of the second drift control transistor being coupled to the first bias terminal, and a second electrode of the second drift control transistor being coupled to a second voltage terminal, wherein the first bias terminal is coupled to the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module. 4. The drift control circuit of claim 3, wherein the second drift control sub-circuit comprises:
a third drift control transistor, a gate electrode of the third drift control transistor being coupled to the second drift control terminal, a first electrode of the third drift control transistor being coupled to a second bias terminal, and a second electrode of the third drift control transistor being coupled to the second control voltage terminal; and a fourth drift control transistor, a gate electrode of the fourth drift control transistor being coupled to the first drift control terminal, a first electrode of the fourth drift control transistor being coupled to the second bias terminal, a second electrode of the fourth drift control transistor being coupled to the second voltage terminal, wherein the second bias terminal is coupled to the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module. 5. The drift control circuit of claim 3, wherein the first control voltage terminal is couple to one of:
a first voltage terminal configured to provide the first voltage; the first drift control terminal; and the first pull-down node. 6. The drift control circuit of claim 4, wherein the second control voltage terminal is couple to one of:
the first voltage terminal; the second drift control terminal; the second pull-down node. 7. The drift control circuit of claim 6, wherein in a case where the gate driving unit further comprises a first pull-down node control module, the first control voltage terminal is coupled to a first pull-down control node to which the first pull-down node control module is coupled. 8. The drift control circuit of claim 7, wherein in a case where the gate driving unit further comprises a second pull-down node control module, the second control voltage terminal is coupled to a second pull-down control node to which the second pull-down node control module is coupled. 9. A drift control method, applied to the drift control circuit of claim 1, the drift control method comprising:
during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module, outputting, by the first control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the first pull-down module, and controlling, by the first drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be coupled to the first control voltage terminal; and during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, inputting, by the second control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the second pull-down module, and controlling, by the second drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be coupled to the second control voltage terminal. 10. A gate driving unit, comprising:
a first pull-down module comprising pull-down transistors, gate electrodes of which are coupled to a first pull-down node; a second pull-down module comprising pull-down transistors, gate electrodes of which are coupled to a second pull-down node; the drift control circuit of claim 1, wherein the drift control circuit comprises a first drift control sub-circuit coupled to first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module, and a second drift control sub-circuit coupled to first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module. 11. The gate driving unit of claim 10, wherein the first pull-down module comprises:
a first pull-down transistor, a gate electrode of the first pull-down transistor being coupled to the first pull-down node, a first electrode of the first pull-down transistor being coupled to a second bias terminal, and a second electrode of the first pull-down transistor being coupled to a pull-up node; a second pull-down transistor, a gate electrode of the second pull-down transistor being coupled to the first pull-down node, a first electrode of the second pull-down transistor being coupled to the second bias terminal, and a second electrode of the second pull-down transistor being coupled to a gate driving signal output terminal; the second pull-down module comprises: a third pull-down transistor, a gate electrode of the third pull-down transistor being coupled to the second pull-down node, a first electrode of the third pull-down transistor being coupled to a first bias terminal, and a second electrode of the third pull-down transistor being coupled to the pull-up node; and a fourth pull-down transistor, a gate electrode of the fourth pull-down transistor being coupled to the second pull-down node, a first electrode of the fourth pull-down transistor being coupled to the first bias terminal, and a second electrode of the fourth pull-down transistor being coupled to the gate driving signal output terminal. 12. The gate driving unit of claim 10, wherein the gate driving unit further comprises a first pull-down node control module and a second pull-down node control module;
the first pull-down node control module comprises:
a first pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode and a first electrode of the first pull-down node control transistor being both coupled to a first drift control terminal, and a second electrode of the first pull-down node control transistor being coupled to a first pull-down control node;
a second pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the second pull-down node control transistor being coupled to a pull-up node, a first electrode of the second pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first pull-down control node, and a second electrode of the second pull-down node control transistor being coupled to a second voltage terminal;
a third pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the third pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first pull-down control node, a first electrode of the third pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first drift control terminal, and a second electrode of the third pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first pull-down node; and
a fourth pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the fourth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the pull-up node, a first electrode of the fourth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the first pull-down node, and a second electrode of the fourth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second voltage terminal, and
the first pull-down node control module is configured to control a potential of the first pull-down control node under control of the first drift control terminal and to control a potential of the first pull-down node under control of the first pull-down control node; the second pull-down node control module comprises:
a fifth pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode and a first electrode of the fifth pull-down node control transistor being both coupled to a second drift control terminal, and a second electrode of the fifth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to a second pull-down control node;
a sixth pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the sixth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the pull-up node, a first electrode of the sixth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second pull-down control node, and a second electrode of the sixth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second voltage terminal;
a seventh pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the seventh pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second pull-down control node, a first electrode of the seventh pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second drift control terminal, and a second electrode of the seventh pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second pull-down node; and
an eighth pull-down node control transistor, a gate electrode of the eighth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the pull-up node, a first electrode of the eighth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second pull-down node, and a second electrode of the eighth pull-down node control transistor being coupled to the second voltage terminal, and
the second pull-down node control module is configured to control a potential of the second pull-down control node under control of the second drift control terminal, and to control a potential of the second pull-down node under control of the second pull-down control node. 13. The gate driving unit of claim 10, further comprising an input module, a reset module, an output module and a start module,
wherein the input module is respectively coupled to an input terminal and a pull-up node and configured to control a potential of the pull-up node under control of the input terminal, the reset module is respectively coupled to a first reset terminal, a second reset terminal, the pull-up node, a gate driving signal output terminal and a reset voltage terminal, and configured to control the potential of the pull-up node under control of the first reset terminal and control a potential of the gate driving signal output terminal under control of the second reset terminal, the output module is respectively coupled to the pull-up node, the gate driving signal output terminal and a clock signal input terminal, and configured to control the potential of the gate driving signal output terminal under control of the pull-up node, and the start module is respectively coupled to a start control terminal, the pull-up node, the gate driving signal output terminal and the start voltage terminal and configured to control the potential of the pull-up node and the potential of the gate driving signal output terminal under control of the start control terminal. 14. A gate driving method, applied to the gate driving unit of claim 10, the gate driving method comprising:
during noise releasing performed by the first pull-down module, inputting, by a first control voltage terminal, a first voltage to the first pull-down module, and controlling, by the first drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be coupled to the first control voltage terminal; and during noise releasing performed by the second pull-down module, inputting, by a second control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the second pull-down module, and controlling, by the second drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be coupled to the second control voltage terminal. 15. The gate driving method of claim 14, wherein the gate driving unit further comprises a first pull-down node control module and a second pull-down node control module, and the gate driving method comprises:
in a first pull-down period, inputting, by the first control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the first pull-down module, controlling, by the first pull-down node control module and under control of the first drift control terminal, a potential of the first pull-down node to be the first voltage, controlling, by the second drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be supplied with a second voltage, controlling, by the first pull-down module and under control of the first pull-down node, noise releasing for the pull-up node and the gate driving signal output terminal, and controlling, by the first drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be coupled to the first control voltage terminal; and in a second pull-down period, inputting, by the second control voltage terminal, the first voltage to the second pull-down module, controlling, by the second pull-down node control module and under control of the second drift control terminal, a potential of the second pull-down node to be the first voltage, controlling, by the first drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module to be supplied with the second voltage, controlling, by the second pull-down module and under control of the second pull-down node, noise releasing for the pull-up node and the gate driving signal output terminal, and controlling, by the second drift control sub-circuit, the first electrodes of the pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module to be coupled to the second control voltage terminal, wherein the first pull-down module is respectively coupled to the pull-up node and the gate driving signal output terminal, and the second pull-down module is respectively coupled to the pull-up node and the gate driving signal output terminal, the first pull-down node control module is respectively coupled to the first drift control terminal and the first pull-down node, the second pull-down node control module is respectively coupled to the second drift control terminal and the second pull-down node, an interconnection point of the gate electrodes of two pull-down transistors comprised in the first pull-down module is the first pull-down node, and an interconnection point of the gate electrodes of two pull-down transistors comprised in the second pull-down module is the second pull-down node. 16. The gate driving method of claim 15, wherein a signal output by the first drift control terminal and a signal output by the second drift control terminal have a same period but opposite phases. 17. The gate driving method of claim 16, wherein one of a first half period and a second half period of the period is the first pull-down period, and the other of the first half period and the second half period of the period is the second pull-down period. 18. A display device, comprising the gate driving unit of claim 10. | 3,600 |
345,332 | 16,643,248 | 3,635 | A method and a device for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including multiple carriages for carrying out a deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, in which the longitudinal deceleration and the longitudinal slope are considered to be actual values, from which an adjustment value balancing the control deviation is determined for a control element of the brake by a deceleration controller/deceleration force controller according to a predefined setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration. | 1. A method for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including of a plurality of carriages for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, the method comprising:
capturing and/or calculating braking-related actual values for the entire train assembly by a central measured value capture unit positioned in the frontmost train part and having a plurality of sensors; and determining a manipulated variable for compensating for system deviation for an actuator of a brake by a deceleration controller/deceleration force controller in accordance with a predefined setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration, wherein the termination takes longitudinal deceleration (aL) and longitudinal inclination (αL) into account as actual values, wherein length of the train (LZ) is concomitantly taken into account as an additional centrally determined actual value by the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller such that calculation of the manipulated variable for compensating for the system deviation includes taking into account a braking requirement that is different depending on the train length based on a rise profile resulting from the determined longitudinal inclination (αL) in the frontmost train part along the train length (LZ). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inclination-based longitudinal deceleration (aL) is determined separately for each carriage of the train assembly. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising forming a mean value of the individual inclination-based longitudinal decelerations (aL) for each carriage to calculate a consistent manipulated variable. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the train length (LZ) is calculated from a train model which takes into account the number of carriages of the train assembly which are coupled to one another and their respective length. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the speed (vZ) of the train assembly is taken into account as an additional centrally determined actual value by the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the actual value of the speed (vZ) is determined based on a speed measurement on a vehicle wheel and/or via a GPS unit and/or a pure radar unit. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the actual value of the longitudinal deceleration (aL) is determined based on mathematical derivation from the signal of the speed (vZ) and/or measurement using an acceleration sensor. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the actual value of the longitudinal inclination (αL) is determined using an angle measuring sensor and/or via an elevation profile stored in a GPS unit. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the actual value of the longitudinal inclination (αL) is determined by comparing an upward-slope-compensated signal of the longitudinal deceleration (aL), as determined by an acceleration sensor, with a non-upward-slope-compensated signal of the longitudinal deceleration (aL), as determined via the mathematical derivation of the speed (vZ). 10. A device for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of carriages (1 a-1 e), for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, wherein the device takes into account longitudinal deceleration (aL) and longitudinal inclination (αL) as actual values, the device comprising:
a deceleration controller/deceleration force controller that outputs a manipulated variable compensating for the system deviation for an actuator (11) of the brake in accordance with a predefined setpoint value (aS) of a desired braking deceleration, wherein the manipulated variable is determined based on the longitudinal deceleration (aL) and longitudinal inclination (αL); and
a central measured value capture unit positioned in a frontmost train part and having a plurality of sensors configured to capture and/or calculate the braking-related actual values for the entire train assembly,
wherein the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller takes into account length of the train (LZ) as an additional centrally determined actual value such that the manipulated variable for compensating for the system deviation is calculated taking into account a braking requirement that is different depending on the train length based on a rise profile resulting from the determined longitudinal inclination (αL) in the frontmost train part along the train length (LZ). 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the measured value capture unit determines the train length (LZ) from a train model which takes into account the number of carriages of the train assembly which are coupled to one another and their respective length. 12. A train assembly including the device of claim 10,
wherein the measured value capture unit and the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller are combined in a structural unit positioned in the front train part. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium with program code for carrying out a method for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of carriages for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, when the computer program product runs on an electronic device, the method comprising:
capturing and/or calculating braking-related actual values for the entire train assembly by a central measured value capture unit positioned in the frontmost train part and having a plurality of sensors; and determining a manipulated variable for compensating for system deviation for an actuator of a brake by a deceleration controller/deceleration force controller in accordance with a predefined setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration, wherein the termination takes longitudinal deceleration (aL) and longitudinal inclination (αL) into account as actual values, wherein length of the train (LZ) is concomitantly taken into account as an additional centrally determined actual value by the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller such that calculation of the manipulated variable for compensating for the system deviation includes taking into account a braking requirement that is different depending on the train length based on a rise profile resulting from the determined longitudinal inclination (αL) in the frontmost train part along the train length (LZ). 14. (canceled) | A method and a device for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including multiple carriages for carrying out a deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, in which the longitudinal deceleration and the longitudinal slope are considered to be actual values, from which an adjustment value balancing the control deviation is determined for a control element of the brake by a deceleration controller/deceleration force controller according to a predefined setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration.1. A method for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including of a plurality of carriages for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, the method comprising:
capturing and/or calculating braking-related actual values for the entire train assembly by a central measured value capture unit positioned in the frontmost train part and having a plurality of sensors; and determining a manipulated variable for compensating for system deviation for an actuator of a brake by a deceleration controller/deceleration force controller in accordance with a predefined setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration, wherein the termination takes longitudinal deceleration (aL) and longitudinal inclination (αL) into account as actual values, wherein length of the train (LZ) is concomitantly taken into account as an additional centrally determined actual value by the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller such that calculation of the manipulated variable for compensating for the system deviation includes taking into account a braking requirement that is different depending on the train length based on a rise profile resulting from the determined longitudinal inclination (αL) in the frontmost train part along the train length (LZ). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inclination-based longitudinal deceleration (aL) is determined separately for each carriage of the train assembly. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising forming a mean value of the individual inclination-based longitudinal decelerations (aL) for each carriage to calculate a consistent manipulated variable. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the train length (LZ) is calculated from a train model which takes into account the number of carriages of the train assembly which are coupled to one another and their respective length. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the speed (vZ) of the train assembly is taken into account as an additional centrally determined actual value by the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the actual value of the speed (vZ) is determined based on a speed measurement on a vehicle wheel and/or via a GPS unit and/or a pure radar unit. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the actual value of the longitudinal deceleration (aL) is determined based on mathematical derivation from the signal of the speed (vZ) and/or measurement using an acceleration sensor. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the actual value of the longitudinal inclination (αL) is determined using an angle measuring sensor and/or via an elevation profile stored in a GPS unit. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the actual value of the longitudinal inclination (αL) is determined by comparing an upward-slope-compensated signal of the longitudinal deceleration (aL), as determined by an acceleration sensor, with a non-upward-slope-compensated signal of the longitudinal deceleration (aL), as determined via the mathematical derivation of the speed (vZ). 10. A device for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of carriages (1 a-1 e), for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, wherein the device takes into account longitudinal deceleration (aL) and longitudinal inclination (αL) as actual values, the device comprising:
a deceleration controller/deceleration force controller that outputs a manipulated variable compensating for the system deviation for an actuator (11) of the brake in accordance with a predefined setpoint value (aS) of a desired braking deceleration, wherein the manipulated variable is determined based on the longitudinal deceleration (aL) and longitudinal inclination (αL); and
a central measured value capture unit positioned in a frontmost train part and having a plurality of sensors configured to capture and/or calculate the braking-related actual values for the entire train assembly,
wherein the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller takes into account length of the train (LZ) as an additional centrally determined actual value such that the manipulated variable for compensating for the system deviation is calculated taking into account a braking requirement that is different depending on the train length based on a rise profile resulting from the determined longitudinal inclination (αL) in the frontmost train part along the train length (LZ). 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the measured value capture unit determines the train length (LZ) from a train model which takes into account the number of carriages of the train assembly which are coupled to one another and their respective length. 12. A train assembly including the device of claim 10,
wherein the measured value capture unit and the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller are combined in a structural unit positioned in the front train part. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium with program code for carrying out a method for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of carriages for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, when the computer program product runs on an electronic device, the method comprising:
capturing and/or calculating braking-related actual values for the entire train assembly by a central measured value capture unit positioned in the frontmost train part and having a plurality of sensors; and determining a manipulated variable for compensating for system deviation for an actuator of a brake by a deceleration controller/deceleration force controller in accordance with a predefined setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration, wherein the termination takes longitudinal deceleration (aL) and longitudinal inclination (αL) into account as actual values, wherein length of the train (LZ) is concomitantly taken into account as an additional centrally determined actual value by the deceleration controller/deceleration force controller such that calculation of the manipulated variable for compensating for the system deviation includes taking into account a braking requirement that is different depending on the train length based on a rise profile resulting from the determined longitudinal inclination (αL) in the frontmost train part along the train length (LZ). 14. (canceled) | 3,600 |
345,333 | 16,643,211 | 3,635 | A light guide plate includes a light guide plate body and at least one light transmitting component disposed in the light guide plate body. The light guide plate body has at least one light incident surface. A light transmitting component of the at least one light transmitting component is configured to transmit a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body from a light incident surface of the light guide plate body to a first region of the light guide plate body. | 1. A light guide plate, comprising:
a light guide plate body, wherein the light guide plate body has at least one light incident surface; and at least one light transmitting component disposed in the light guide plate body, wherein a a light transmitting component of the at least one light transmitting component is configured to transmit a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body from a light incident surface of the light guide plate body to a first region of the light guide plate body. 2. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the light transmitting component includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the light transmitting component is configured to receive the portion of light that enters the light guide plate body, and the second end of the light transmitting component is configured to allow the portion of light that enters the light guide plate body to exit from the light transmitting component; and
the second end is substantially located in the first region or is located in the first region. 3. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the light transmitting component includes at least one optical fiber, each optical fiber includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the optical fiber is configured to receive a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body, and the second end of the optical fiber is configured to allow light received by the first end of the optical fiber to exit from the optical fiber. 4. The light guide plate according to claim 3,
further comprising at least one light reflecting member disposed on a side face of the light guide plate body, wherein one of the at least one light reflecting member proximate to the second end of the optical fiber is configured to reflect light emitted from the second end of the optical fiber to the first region. 5. The light guide plate according to claim 4, wherein each light reflecting member includes a metal layer. 6. The light guide plate according to claim 4, wherein the at least one light reflecting member includes a plurality of light reflecting members, the at least one light transmitting component includes a plurality of light transmitting components, and a number of optical fibers corresponding to each light reflecting member is equal. 7. The light guide plate according to claim 2, further comprising at least one lens structure, wherein a lens structure is disposed on a light incident surface of the light guide plate body, or the at least one lens structure includes at least one outward protrusion of the light guide plate body at a light incident surface of the light guide plate body;
each lens structure is configured to converge at least a portion of the light that enters the light guide plate body to a focus of the lens or a position substantially at the focus of the lens; and first ends of one or more light transmitting components are disposed at a focus of each lens structure or a position substantially at the focus of the lens structure. 8. The light guide plate according to claim 2, further comprising at least one channel provided in the light guide plate body, and each channel is provided with at least one light transmitting component therein. 9. The light guide plate according to claim 2, wherein the at least one light transmitting components is arranged at an edge of the light guide plate body. 10. The light guide plate according to claim 3, wherein an optical fiber includes an inner core, and a cladding covering an outer surface of the inner core; and
a refractive index of the inner core and a refractive index of the cladding are both greater than a refractive index of the light guide plate body. 11. The light guide plate according to claim 1, further comprising at least one first via hole, and the first region is located at a side of the at least one via hole facing away from the light incident surface. 12. A backlight module, comprising:
the light guide plate according to claim 1; and at least one light source disposed at the at least one light incident surface of the light guide plate body of the light guide plate, and the at least one light source is configured to provide light for the light guide plate body. 13. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein the light guide plate includes at least one lens structure, the at least one lens structure is located between the at least one light source and the at least one light incident surface of the light guide plate body. 14. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein the light guide plate includes at least one light reflecting member, and the light guide plate body has at least one first via hole, a light reflecting member is disposed on an extension line of a connection line between a light source and a first via hole, is disposed at a side of the first via hole facing away from the light source, and is disposed on a side face of the light guide plate body away from the at least one light incident surface. 15. The backlight module according to claim 14, wherein the light guide plate has one first via hole, the backlight module includes at least two light sources, the light guide plate includes at least two light reflecting members, and the at least two light reflecting members are respectively disposed on extension lines of connection lines between the at least two light sources and the first via hole, and is disposed on the side face of the light guide plate body away from the at least one light incident surface. 16. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein the light guide plate has at least one first via hole, the backlight module further comprises:
a back plate, wherein the light guide plate and the at least one light source are disposed on the back plate; an outer plastic frame disposed outside the light guide plate and the at least one light source in a direction perpendicular to a thickness of the back plate and disposed on the back plate; and at least one inner plastic frame disposed in the at least one first via hole in one-to-one correspondence, wherein each inner plastic frame has a second via hole. 17. The backlight module according to claim 16, further comprising:
a light-shielding adhesive disposed at a side of the inner plastic frame and the outer plastic frame facing away from the back plate, wherein the light-shielding adhesive has an opening and at least one third via hole, an orthographic projection of the opening on the back plate is within an orthographic projection of the light guide plate body on the back plate, and the at least one third via hole is communicated with the at least one second via hole in one-to-one correspondence; and an optical film layer disposed between the light-shielding adhesive and the light guide plate, wherein the optical film layer includes at least one of a diffusion plate, a lower prism sheet, or an upper prism sheet that are sequentially stacked in a direction of a thickness of the light guide plate; and the optical film layer has at least one fourth via hole, and the at least one fourth via hole is communicated with the at least one second via hole in one-to-one correspondence. 18. A display device, comprising:
the backlight module according to claim 16; and a display panel disposed on a light exit side of the backlight module, wherein the display panel has at least one fifth via hole, and the at least one fifth via hole is communicated with at least one second via hole in one-to-one correspondence. 19. A terminal, comprising the display device according to claim wherein one of the at least one fifth via hole is provided with a rotating shaft therein. 20. A method for manufacturing a light guide plate, comprising:
forming a first body layer including at least one first through hole, wherein a main surface of the first body layer has at least one first groove; placing at least one light transmitting component in each first groove; and forming a second body layer including at least one second through hole on a side of the first body layer on which the at least one light transmitting component has been placed, wherein a main surface of the second body layer facing the first body layer has at least one second groove, the at least one first through hole is communicated with the at least one second through hole in one-to-one correspondence, and the at least one first groove is matched with the at least one second groove in one-to-one correspondence. | A light guide plate includes a light guide plate body and at least one light transmitting component disposed in the light guide plate body. The light guide plate body has at least one light incident surface. A light transmitting component of the at least one light transmitting component is configured to transmit a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body from a light incident surface of the light guide plate body to a first region of the light guide plate body.1. A light guide plate, comprising:
a light guide plate body, wherein the light guide plate body has at least one light incident surface; and at least one light transmitting component disposed in the light guide plate body, wherein a a light transmitting component of the at least one light transmitting component is configured to transmit a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body from a light incident surface of the light guide plate body to a first region of the light guide plate body. 2. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the light transmitting component includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the light transmitting component is configured to receive the portion of light that enters the light guide plate body, and the second end of the light transmitting component is configured to allow the portion of light that enters the light guide plate body to exit from the light transmitting component; and
the second end is substantially located in the first region or is located in the first region. 3. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the light transmitting component includes at least one optical fiber, each optical fiber includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the optical fiber is configured to receive a portion of light that enters the light guide plate body, and the second end of the optical fiber is configured to allow light received by the first end of the optical fiber to exit from the optical fiber. 4. The light guide plate according to claim 3,
further comprising at least one light reflecting member disposed on a side face of the light guide plate body, wherein one of the at least one light reflecting member proximate to the second end of the optical fiber is configured to reflect light emitted from the second end of the optical fiber to the first region. 5. The light guide plate according to claim 4, wherein each light reflecting member includes a metal layer. 6. The light guide plate according to claim 4, wherein the at least one light reflecting member includes a plurality of light reflecting members, the at least one light transmitting component includes a plurality of light transmitting components, and a number of optical fibers corresponding to each light reflecting member is equal. 7. The light guide plate according to claim 2, further comprising at least one lens structure, wherein a lens structure is disposed on a light incident surface of the light guide plate body, or the at least one lens structure includes at least one outward protrusion of the light guide plate body at a light incident surface of the light guide plate body;
each lens structure is configured to converge at least a portion of the light that enters the light guide plate body to a focus of the lens or a position substantially at the focus of the lens; and first ends of one or more light transmitting components are disposed at a focus of each lens structure or a position substantially at the focus of the lens structure. 8. The light guide plate according to claim 2, further comprising at least one channel provided in the light guide plate body, and each channel is provided with at least one light transmitting component therein. 9. The light guide plate according to claim 2, wherein the at least one light transmitting components is arranged at an edge of the light guide plate body. 10. The light guide plate according to claim 3, wherein an optical fiber includes an inner core, and a cladding covering an outer surface of the inner core; and
a refractive index of the inner core and a refractive index of the cladding are both greater than a refractive index of the light guide plate body. 11. The light guide plate according to claim 1, further comprising at least one first via hole, and the first region is located at a side of the at least one via hole facing away from the light incident surface. 12. A backlight module, comprising:
the light guide plate according to claim 1; and at least one light source disposed at the at least one light incident surface of the light guide plate body of the light guide plate, and the at least one light source is configured to provide light for the light guide plate body. 13. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein the light guide plate includes at least one lens structure, the at least one lens structure is located between the at least one light source and the at least one light incident surface of the light guide plate body. 14. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein the light guide plate includes at least one light reflecting member, and the light guide plate body has at least one first via hole, a light reflecting member is disposed on an extension line of a connection line between a light source and a first via hole, is disposed at a side of the first via hole facing away from the light source, and is disposed on a side face of the light guide plate body away from the at least one light incident surface. 15. The backlight module according to claim 14, wherein the light guide plate has one first via hole, the backlight module includes at least two light sources, the light guide plate includes at least two light reflecting members, and the at least two light reflecting members are respectively disposed on extension lines of connection lines between the at least two light sources and the first via hole, and is disposed on the side face of the light guide plate body away from the at least one light incident surface. 16. The backlight module according to claim 12, wherein the light guide plate has at least one first via hole, the backlight module further comprises:
a back plate, wherein the light guide plate and the at least one light source are disposed on the back plate; an outer plastic frame disposed outside the light guide plate and the at least one light source in a direction perpendicular to a thickness of the back plate and disposed on the back plate; and at least one inner plastic frame disposed in the at least one first via hole in one-to-one correspondence, wherein each inner plastic frame has a second via hole. 17. The backlight module according to claim 16, further comprising:
a light-shielding adhesive disposed at a side of the inner plastic frame and the outer plastic frame facing away from the back plate, wherein the light-shielding adhesive has an opening and at least one third via hole, an orthographic projection of the opening on the back plate is within an orthographic projection of the light guide plate body on the back plate, and the at least one third via hole is communicated with the at least one second via hole in one-to-one correspondence; and an optical film layer disposed between the light-shielding adhesive and the light guide plate, wherein the optical film layer includes at least one of a diffusion plate, a lower prism sheet, or an upper prism sheet that are sequentially stacked in a direction of a thickness of the light guide plate; and the optical film layer has at least one fourth via hole, and the at least one fourth via hole is communicated with the at least one second via hole in one-to-one correspondence. 18. A display device, comprising:
the backlight module according to claim 16; and a display panel disposed on a light exit side of the backlight module, wherein the display panel has at least one fifth via hole, and the at least one fifth via hole is communicated with at least one second via hole in one-to-one correspondence. 19. A terminal, comprising the display device according to claim wherein one of the at least one fifth via hole is provided with a rotating shaft therein. 20. A method for manufacturing a light guide plate, comprising:
forming a first body layer including at least one first through hole, wherein a main surface of the first body layer has at least one first groove; placing at least one light transmitting component in each first groove; and forming a second body layer including at least one second through hole on a side of the first body layer on which the at least one light transmitting component has been placed, wherein a main surface of the second body layer facing the first body layer has at least one second groove, the at least one first through hole is communicated with the at least one second through hole in one-to-one correspondence, and the at least one first groove is matched with the at least one second groove in one-to-one correspondence. | 3,600 |
345,334 | 16,643,263 | 3,635 | The present invention provides a stage which comprises: a plate-shaped member having a mounting surface on which a workpiece to be processed is mounted and a rear surface facing the mounting surface, said plate-shaped member being provided with a through hole that penetrates through the mounting surface and the rear surface; and an embedded member disposed inside the through hole. This stage is configured such that the surface of the embedded member is provided with at least one of a concave portion and a convex portion. | 1-11. (canceled) 12. A stage comprising:
a plate-shaped member having a mounting surface on which a workpiece is mounted, a rear surface facing the mounting surface, and a through hole penetrating through the mounting surface and the rear surface; and an embedded member disposed inside the through hole, wherein at least one of a concave portion and a convex portion is provided on a surface of the embedded member. 13. The stage of claim 12, wherein an inner wall of the through hole and the embedded member are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance or less in a plan view. 14. The stage of claim 13, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a plurality of protrusions. 15. The stage of claim 14, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a spiral protrusion. 16. The stage of claim 15, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged at intervals of 1.2 mm or less in a circumferential direction. 17. The stage of claim 16, wherein the embedded member includes one of the plurality of protrusions and the spiral protrusion in a tip end portion of the embedded member, and includes the other of the plurality of protrusions and the spiral protrusion in a base end portion of the embedded member. 18. The stage of claim 17, wherein at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a concave portion or a convex portion having a width of 0.05 mm or less in a radial direction. 19. The stage of claim 18, wherein the through hole is a heat transfer gas flow path or a hole through which a lifter pin configured to hold the workpiece is inserted. 20. The stage of claim 14, wherein the plurality of protrusions are alternately formed in two or more layers. 21. The stage of claim 14, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged at intervals of 1.2 mm or less in a circumferential direction. 22. The stage of claim 13, wherein the predetermined distance is 0.05 mm or less. 23. The stage of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a plurality of protrusions. 24. The stage of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a spiral protrusion. 25. The stage of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member includes a plurality of protrusions and a spiral protrusion, and
the embedded member includes one of the plurality of protrusions and the spiral protrusion in a tip end portion of the embedded member, and includes the other of the plurality of protrusions and the spiral protrusion in a base end portion of the embedded member. 26. The stage of claim 12, wherein at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a concave portion or a convex portion having a width of 0.05 mm or less in a radial direction. 27. The stage of claim 12, wherein the through hole is a heat transfer gas flow path or a hole through which a lifter pin configured to hold the workpiece is inserted. 28. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a processing container configured to process a workpiece therein; and a stage disposed in the processing container and configured to mount the workpiece, wherein the stage includes:
a plate-shaped member having a mounting surface on which the workpiece is mounted, a rear surface facing the mounting surface, and a through hole penetrating through the mounting surface and the rear surface; and
an embedded member disposed inside the through hole, and
at least one of a concave portion and a convex portion is provided on a surface of the embedded member. | The present invention provides a stage which comprises: a plate-shaped member having a mounting surface on which a workpiece to be processed is mounted and a rear surface facing the mounting surface, said plate-shaped member being provided with a through hole that penetrates through the mounting surface and the rear surface; and an embedded member disposed inside the through hole. This stage is configured such that the surface of the embedded member is provided with at least one of a concave portion and a convex portion.1-11. (canceled) 12. A stage comprising:
a plate-shaped member having a mounting surface on which a workpiece is mounted, a rear surface facing the mounting surface, and a through hole penetrating through the mounting surface and the rear surface; and an embedded member disposed inside the through hole, wherein at least one of a concave portion and a convex portion is provided on a surface of the embedded member. 13. The stage of claim 12, wherein an inner wall of the through hole and the embedded member are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance or less in a plan view. 14. The stage of claim 13, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a plurality of protrusions. 15. The stage of claim 14, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a spiral protrusion. 16. The stage of claim 15, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged at intervals of 1.2 mm or less in a circumferential direction. 17. The stage of claim 16, wherein the embedded member includes one of the plurality of protrusions and the spiral protrusion in a tip end portion of the embedded member, and includes the other of the plurality of protrusions and the spiral protrusion in a base end portion of the embedded member. 18. The stage of claim 17, wherein at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a concave portion or a convex portion having a width of 0.05 mm or less in a radial direction. 19. The stage of claim 18, wherein the through hole is a heat transfer gas flow path or a hole through which a lifter pin configured to hold the workpiece is inserted. 20. The stage of claim 14, wherein the plurality of protrusions are alternately formed in two or more layers. 21. The stage of claim 14, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged at intervals of 1.2 mm or less in a circumferential direction. 22. The stage of claim 13, wherein the predetermined distance is 0.05 mm or less. 23. The stage of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a plurality of protrusions. 24. The stage of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a spiral protrusion. 25. The stage of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member includes a plurality of protrusions and a spiral protrusion, and
the embedded member includes one of the plurality of protrusions and the spiral protrusion in a tip end portion of the embedded member, and includes the other of the plurality of protrusions and the spiral protrusion in a base end portion of the embedded member. 26. The stage of claim 12, wherein at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion on the surface of the embedded member is a concave portion or a convex portion having a width of 0.05 mm or less in a radial direction. 27. The stage of claim 12, wherein the through hole is a heat transfer gas flow path or a hole through which a lifter pin configured to hold the workpiece is inserted. 28. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a processing container configured to process a workpiece therein; and a stage disposed in the processing container and configured to mount the workpiece, wherein the stage includes:
a plate-shaped member having a mounting surface on which the workpiece is mounted, a rear surface facing the mounting surface, and a through hole penetrating through the mounting surface and the rear surface; and
an embedded member disposed inside the through hole, and
at least one of a concave portion and a convex portion is provided on a surface of the embedded member. | 3,600 |
345,335 | 16,643,244 | 3,635 | A method for object classification, including: guiding a continuous stream of objects from a transport mechanism directly into an unsupported path, along which the object stream is fed through a detection region; illuminating the detection region with a radiation band in a first direction; optically scanning the detection region to detect electromagnetic radiation reflected by the at least one object in the detection region by viewing the detection region along a second direction, wherein the directions have a cross-section in the detection region and form an angle relative each other of 10°-80°; analyzing the information; and classifying objects in at least two different directions based on the analysis of the transparency information from the optical scanning; wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning includes analyzing the objects based on the intensity, spread and texture of the detected radiation from the optical scanning. | 1. A method for object classification, the method comprising the steps of:
guiding a continuous stream of objects from a transport mechanism directly into an unsupported path, along which said object stream is fed through a detection region; emitting electromagnetic radiation along a first direction for illuminating said detection region, which emitted electromagnetic radiation forms a radiation band extending in a direction orthogonal to said first direction; optically scanning said detection region to detect electromagnetic radiation reflected by the at least one object in the detection region by viewing said detection region along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction have a cross-section in the detection region and forms an angle relative each other within the range of 3°-80°; analyzing the information from the optical scanning; and classifying objects from the object stream based on the analysis of the reflection information from the optical scanning; wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises analyzing the objects based on the intensity and spread of the detected radiation from the optical scanning and wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises comparing the information to information in a lookup table and/or comparing the information to thresholds. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of classifying said object further comprising sorting the objects from the object stream in at least two different directions based on the analysis of the reflection information from the optical scanning. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning further comprises comparing the electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by the at least one object in the object stream to information in a lookup table and/or to one or more thresholds to determine transparency or reflection information of said at least one object. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises determining reflection information by comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by the at least one object in the object stream to a first threshold, and thereafter comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by said at least one object to a second threshold to determine transparency of said at least one object, wherein the second threshold lies above the first threshold, and thereafter setting the reflection information. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning further comprises determining height profiles of objects in the object stream. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lookup table is a one-, two- or N-dimensional lookup table. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises the use of deep learning or support vector machines. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of optically scanning a zone on a background element where the line illumination hits said background element, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises determining whether material is present in the detection region based on the information from the optical scanning of the zone on the background. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the steps of optically scanning the zone on the background element and optically scanning the detection region are performed simultaneously with one camera. 10. The method according to claim 1, where the step of illuminating said detection region with electromagnetic radiation is done with a plurality of line illuminations for a plurality of detection regions and the step of optically scanning said detection region is done in a plurality of measurement lines for said detection regions. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises determining the motion of the objects in the object stream. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of line illuminations have different wavelengths, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises determining optical properties and physical properties of the objects in the object stream. 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of line illuminations have different polarizations. 14. An apparatus for object classification, the apparatus comprising:
a transport mechanism arranged to transport an object stream so that said object stream, after leaving the transport mechanism, follows an unsupported path, along which it is fed through a detection region; a radiation source being configured to emit electromagnetic radiation in a first direction for illuminating the detection region, which radiation source is configured to generate a line illumination; a detection unit arranged to view said detection region along a second direction and to detect electromagnetic radiation reflected by the at least one object in the detection region, wherein the first direction and the second direction have a cross-section in the detection region and forms an angle relative each other within the range of 3°-80° or 10°-80°; an analysis unit in operational connection with the detection unit and arranged to determine transparency or reflection information by comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by the at least one object in the object stream to at least one threshold or look-up table to determine if the material present in the detection region is transparent and thereafter setting the transparency or reflection information; and a removal unit configured to remove objects from the object stream, wherein said removal of objects is based on the analysis in the analysis unit. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein analysis unit is further arranged to determine transparency information by comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by the at least one object in the object stream to a first threshold or look-up table to determine that there is material present in the detection region, and thereafter comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by said at least one object to a second threshold or a second look-up table to determine if the present material is transparent, wherein the second threshold lies above the first threshold, and thereafter setting the transparency information; 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the detection unit is further configured to sense electromagnetic radiation reflected by a point on a background element where the electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source impinges said background element. 17. The apparatus according to claim 14, comprising a plurality of radiation sources configured to illuminate objects in the object stream in a plurality of positions along the unsupported path. | A method for object classification, including: guiding a continuous stream of objects from a transport mechanism directly into an unsupported path, along which the object stream is fed through a detection region; illuminating the detection region with a radiation band in a first direction; optically scanning the detection region to detect electromagnetic radiation reflected by the at least one object in the detection region by viewing the detection region along a second direction, wherein the directions have a cross-section in the detection region and form an angle relative each other of 10°-80°; analyzing the information; and classifying objects in at least two different directions based on the analysis of the transparency information from the optical scanning; wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning includes analyzing the objects based on the intensity, spread and texture of the detected radiation from the optical scanning.1. A method for object classification, the method comprising the steps of:
guiding a continuous stream of objects from a transport mechanism directly into an unsupported path, along which said object stream is fed through a detection region; emitting electromagnetic radiation along a first direction for illuminating said detection region, which emitted electromagnetic radiation forms a radiation band extending in a direction orthogonal to said first direction; optically scanning said detection region to detect electromagnetic radiation reflected by the at least one object in the detection region by viewing said detection region along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction have a cross-section in the detection region and forms an angle relative each other within the range of 3°-80°; analyzing the information from the optical scanning; and classifying objects from the object stream based on the analysis of the reflection information from the optical scanning; wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises analyzing the objects based on the intensity and spread of the detected radiation from the optical scanning and wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises comparing the information to information in a lookup table and/or comparing the information to thresholds. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of classifying said object further comprising sorting the objects from the object stream in at least two different directions based on the analysis of the reflection information from the optical scanning. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning further comprises comparing the electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by the at least one object in the object stream to information in a lookup table and/or to one or more thresholds to determine transparency or reflection information of said at least one object. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises determining reflection information by comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by the at least one object in the object stream to a first threshold, and thereafter comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by said at least one object to a second threshold to determine transparency of said at least one object, wherein the second threshold lies above the first threshold, and thereafter setting the reflection information. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning further comprises determining height profiles of objects in the object stream. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lookup table is a one-, two- or N-dimensional lookup table. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises the use of deep learning or support vector machines. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of optically scanning a zone on a background element where the line illumination hits said background element, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises determining whether material is present in the detection region based on the information from the optical scanning of the zone on the background. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the steps of optically scanning the zone on the background element and optically scanning the detection region are performed simultaneously with one camera. 10. The method according to claim 1, where the step of illuminating said detection region with electromagnetic radiation is done with a plurality of line illuminations for a plurality of detection regions and the step of optically scanning said detection region is done in a plurality of measurement lines for said detection regions. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises determining the motion of the objects in the object stream. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of line illuminations have different wavelengths, wherein the step of analyzing the information from the optical scanning comprises determining optical properties and physical properties of the objects in the object stream. 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of line illuminations have different polarizations. 14. An apparatus for object classification, the apparatus comprising:
a transport mechanism arranged to transport an object stream so that said object stream, after leaving the transport mechanism, follows an unsupported path, along which it is fed through a detection region; a radiation source being configured to emit electromagnetic radiation in a first direction for illuminating the detection region, which radiation source is configured to generate a line illumination; a detection unit arranged to view said detection region along a second direction and to detect electromagnetic radiation reflected by the at least one object in the detection region, wherein the first direction and the second direction have a cross-section in the detection region and forms an angle relative each other within the range of 3°-80° or 10°-80°; an analysis unit in operational connection with the detection unit and arranged to determine transparency or reflection information by comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by the at least one object in the object stream to at least one threshold or look-up table to determine if the material present in the detection region is transparent and thereafter setting the transparency or reflection information; and a removal unit configured to remove objects from the object stream, wherein said removal of objects is based on the analysis in the analysis unit. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein analysis unit is further arranged to determine transparency information by comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by the at least one object in the object stream to a first threshold or look-up table to determine that there is material present in the detection region, and thereafter comparing electromagnetic radiation from the illumination that is directly reflected by said at least one object to a second threshold or a second look-up table to determine if the present material is transparent, wherein the second threshold lies above the first threshold, and thereafter setting the transparency information; 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the detection unit is further configured to sense electromagnetic radiation reflected by a point on a background element where the electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source impinges said background element. 17. The apparatus according to claim 14, comprising a plurality of radiation sources configured to illuminate objects in the object stream in a plurality of positions along the unsupported path. | 3,600 |
345,336 | 16,643,228 | 3,635 | A separation membrane sheet that causes a specific fluid component to selectively permeate therethrough, comprises: a first porous layer; and a resin composition layer formed on the first porous layer. The resin composition layer has a filtration residue fraction of greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 90%; and contains a resin having an ionic group or a salt thereof, and has an ion exchange capacity of greater than or equal to 1 millimole equivalent per 1 g of a dry resin in a filtration residue. | 1. A separation membrane sheet that causes a specific fluid component to selectively permeate therethrough,
the separation membrane sheet comprising: a first porous layer; and a resin composition layer formed on the first porous layer, wherein: the resin composition layer has a filtration residue fraction of greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 90%; and contains a resin having an ionic group or a salt thereof, and has an ion exchange capacity of greater than or equal to 1 millimole equivalent per 1 g of a dry resin in a filtration residue. 2. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 1, further comprising a second porous layer. 3. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 2, wherein the second porous layer is laminated on an opposite side of the resin composition layer from the first porous layer. 4. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 1, wherein the ionic group is an ionic group exhibiting acidity. 5. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 4, wherein the ionic group exhibiting acidity is a carboxyl group. 6. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 1, wherein the specific fluid component is an acidic gas. 7. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 6, wherein the resin composition layer further contains a substance that reversibly reacts with an acidic gas. 8. The separation membrane element comprising the separation membrane sheet according to claim 1. 9. A separation membrane element, comprising:
a perforated central tube; and an element-use laminated body including the separation membrane sheet according to claim 1, wherein the element-use laminated body is wound around the perforated central tube. 10. A separation membrane module comprising:
at least one separation membrane element according to claim 8; a source fluid feeding port for feeding a source fluid to the separation membrane sheet; a retentate fluid discharge port for discharging a source fluid that has not permeated through the separation membrane sheet; and a permeate fluid discharge port for discharging the specific fluid component that has permeated through the separation membrane sheet. 11. The separation device comprising at least one separation membrane module according to claim 10. 12. A hydrogen production device comprising at least one separation membrane module according to claim 10,
wherein: the source fluid is a source gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and the specific fluid component contains carbon dioxide. 13. (canceled) 14. A manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet that causes a specific fluid component to selectively permeate therethrough,
the method comprising a step of forming a resin composition layer on a first porous layer, wherein the step of forming the resin composition layer includes a step of irradiating an application layer formed on the first porous layer with an electron beam having an irradiation amount of greater than or equal to 10 kGy and less than 1000 kGy; and the resin composition layer has a filtration residue fraction of greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 90%. 15. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14,
wherein: the step of forming the resin composition layer further includes a step of obtaining a laminated body by laminating a second porous layer on an opposite side of the application layer from the first porous layer; and the step of irradiating the application layer with the electron beam is a process of irradiating the application layer of the laminated body with an electron beam. 16. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14, wherein the resin composition layer contains a resin having an ionic group or a salt thereof, and has an ion exchange capacity of greater than or equal to 1 millimole equivalent per 1 g of a dry resin in a filtration residue. 17. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 16, wherein the ionic group is an ionic group exhibiting acidity. 18. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 17, wherein the ionic group exhibiting acidity is a carboxyl group. 19. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14, wherein the application layer contains a non-crosslinked polymer. 20. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 19, wherein the application layer further contains a crosslinked polymer. 21. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14, wherein the specific fluid component is an acidic gas. 22. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 21, wherein the application layer further contains a substance that reversibly reacts with an acidic gas. 23. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14,
wherein the irradiation amount of the electron beam with which the application layer is irradiated is adjusted by at least one of the number of irradiations and irradiation time of the electron beam. | A separation membrane sheet that causes a specific fluid component to selectively permeate therethrough, comprises: a first porous layer; and a resin composition layer formed on the first porous layer. The resin composition layer has a filtration residue fraction of greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 90%; and contains a resin having an ionic group or a salt thereof, and has an ion exchange capacity of greater than or equal to 1 millimole equivalent per 1 g of a dry resin in a filtration residue.1. A separation membrane sheet that causes a specific fluid component to selectively permeate therethrough,
the separation membrane sheet comprising: a first porous layer; and a resin composition layer formed on the first porous layer, wherein: the resin composition layer has a filtration residue fraction of greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 90%; and contains a resin having an ionic group or a salt thereof, and has an ion exchange capacity of greater than or equal to 1 millimole equivalent per 1 g of a dry resin in a filtration residue. 2. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 1, further comprising a second porous layer. 3. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 2, wherein the second porous layer is laminated on an opposite side of the resin composition layer from the first porous layer. 4. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 1, wherein the ionic group is an ionic group exhibiting acidity. 5. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 4, wherein the ionic group exhibiting acidity is a carboxyl group. 6. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 1, wherein the specific fluid component is an acidic gas. 7. The separation membrane sheet according to claim 6, wherein the resin composition layer further contains a substance that reversibly reacts with an acidic gas. 8. The separation membrane element comprising the separation membrane sheet according to claim 1. 9. A separation membrane element, comprising:
a perforated central tube; and an element-use laminated body including the separation membrane sheet according to claim 1, wherein the element-use laminated body is wound around the perforated central tube. 10. A separation membrane module comprising:
at least one separation membrane element according to claim 8; a source fluid feeding port for feeding a source fluid to the separation membrane sheet; a retentate fluid discharge port for discharging a source fluid that has not permeated through the separation membrane sheet; and a permeate fluid discharge port for discharging the specific fluid component that has permeated through the separation membrane sheet. 11. The separation device comprising at least one separation membrane module according to claim 10. 12. A hydrogen production device comprising at least one separation membrane module according to claim 10,
wherein: the source fluid is a source gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and the specific fluid component contains carbon dioxide. 13. (canceled) 14. A manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet that causes a specific fluid component to selectively permeate therethrough,
the method comprising a step of forming a resin composition layer on a first porous layer, wherein the step of forming the resin composition layer includes a step of irradiating an application layer formed on the first porous layer with an electron beam having an irradiation amount of greater than or equal to 10 kGy and less than 1000 kGy; and the resin composition layer has a filtration residue fraction of greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 90%. 15. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14,
wherein: the step of forming the resin composition layer further includes a step of obtaining a laminated body by laminating a second porous layer on an opposite side of the application layer from the first porous layer; and the step of irradiating the application layer with the electron beam is a process of irradiating the application layer of the laminated body with an electron beam. 16. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14, wherein the resin composition layer contains a resin having an ionic group or a salt thereof, and has an ion exchange capacity of greater than or equal to 1 millimole equivalent per 1 g of a dry resin in a filtration residue. 17. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 16, wherein the ionic group is an ionic group exhibiting acidity. 18. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 17, wherein the ionic group exhibiting acidity is a carboxyl group. 19. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14, wherein the application layer contains a non-crosslinked polymer. 20. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 19, wherein the application layer further contains a crosslinked polymer. 21. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14, wherein the specific fluid component is an acidic gas. 22. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 21, wherein the application layer further contains a substance that reversibly reacts with an acidic gas. 23. The manufacturing method for a separation membrane sheet according to claim 14,
wherein the irradiation amount of the electron beam with which the application layer is irradiated is adjusted by at least one of the number of irradiations and irradiation time of the electron beam. | 3,600 |
345,337 | 16,643,253 | 3,635 | A coated cutting tool and a process for the production thereof is provided. The coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a hard material coating, the substrate being selected from cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond or high-speed steel. The hard material coating includes a (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers. The layer stack has an overall atomic ratio of Ti:Al within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack within the range from 0.33:0.67 to 0.67:0.33, a total thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack within the range from 1 μm to 20 μm, each of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having a thickness within the range from 0.5 nm to 50 nm, each of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers being different in respect of the atomic ratio Ti:Al than an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer, and other characteristics. | 1. A coated cutting tool consisting of a substrate and a hard material coating, the substrate being selected from cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond or high-speed steel, wherein the hard material coating comprises:
a (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers, the layer stack having the following characteristics: wherein an overall atomic ratio of Ti:Al within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack is within the range from 0.33:0.67 to 0.67:0.33; a total thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack is within the range from 1 μm to 20 μm; each individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers has a thickness within the range from 0.5 nm to 50 nm; each of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers being different in respect of the atomic ratio Ti:Al than an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer; over the thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack perpendicular to the substrate surface the content of Al increases and the content of Ti decreases from an interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in a direction towards the substrate to the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in a direction towards the outer surface of the coating; over the thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack perpendicular to the substrate surface the residual stress a decreases from the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the substrate to the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the outer surface of the coating by an amount of at least 150 MPa to at most 900 MPa, whereby the residual stress σ is measured by X-ray diffraction applying the sin2Ψ method based on the (2 0 0) reflection; and a residual stress σ within a portion of a thickness of at least 100 nm to at most 1 μm within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack (L) from the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the substrate is within the range of from 0 MPa to +450 MPa. 2. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the alternately stacked TiAlN sub-layers of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of the coating are deposited by Arc-PVD, the entire coating being deposited by Arc-PVD. 3. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the difference of the of the atomic ratio Ti:Al of each of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers over the atomic ratio Ti:Al of an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer is within the range from 0.2 to 1.8 or from 0.3 to 1.5 or from 0.4 to 1.0 or about 0.5. 4. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the atomic ratio Ti:Al of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having a lower Ti content than an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer is within the range from 0.2:0.8 to 0.7:0.3, and/or the atomic ratio Ti:Al of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having a higher Ti content than an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer is within the range from 0.3:0.7 to 0.8:0.2. 5. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the increase of the Al content and the decrease of the Ti content over the thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack (L) perpendicular to the substrate surface occurs step-wise or gradual. 6. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the increase of the Al content and the decrease of the Ti content over the thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack perpendicular to the substrate surface is by an increase of the thicknesses of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having higher Al contents than the thicknesses of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having lower Al contents. 7. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the (Ti,Al)N layer stack includes two or more (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stacks arranged immediately on top of each other, wherein within a same (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stack there exists a first type of individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers each of the first type having a same composition with respect to the Ti:Al atomic ratio and a same thickness, and a second type of individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers each of the second type having a same composition with respect to the Ti:Al atomic ratio and a same thickness, wherein the first and second types of individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers have different Ti:Al atomic ratios. 8. The coated cutting tool according to claim 7, wherein a overall Al content within each of the (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stacks increases from one (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stack to the next (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stack in the direction towards the outer surface of the coating. 9. The coated cutting tool according to claim 7, wherein the (Ti,Al)N layer stack consists of two (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stacks arranged immediately on top of each other. 10. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a difference between the absolute amounts of the residual stresses σ of the portion of a thickness of at least 100 nm to at most 1 μm within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack from the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the substrate towards the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the outer surface and of the material arranged immediately underneath, which is either the surface of the substrate or a hard material layer arranged between the substrate and the (Ti,Al)N layer stack, is ≤400 MPa. 11. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein an average grain size within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack decreases from the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the substrate to the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the outer surface of the coating. 12. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the (Ti,Al)N layer stack has <5 vol-% hexagonal crystal structure, measured by XRD. 13. The coated cutting tool according to wherein the overall residual stress σ of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack in the as-deposited state is <600 MPa. 14. The coated cutting tool according to wherein the (Ti,Al)N layer stack has a Vickers hardness HV0.015≥2800, and/or a reduced Young's modulus >350 GPa. 15. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, further comprising one or more further hard material layers on top of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack and/or between the substrate and the (Ti,Al)N layer stack, the one or more further hard material layers containing one or more of the elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al and Si as well as one or more of N, C, O, and B. 16. A of the tool according to claim 1 for the milling of steel, preferably for the milling of steel of the groups of work piece materials characterized as ISO-P, ISO-M, ISO-S and/or ISO-K, more preferably ISOP and/or ISO-M, according to DIN ISO standard 513. 17. A process for manufacturing the coated cutting tool of claim 1 comprising the steps of depositing a (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers by means of Arc-PVD (cathodic arc deposition) using at least two different targets, each containing the metals Ti and Al, but having different contents of Ti and Al, wherein the applied arc current per target for the deposition of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers is within the range from 50 to 180 A. 18. The process of claim 17, wherein the Arc-PVD deposition of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack is carried out at a nitrogen pressure in the range from 5 Pa to 15 Pa. | A coated cutting tool and a process for the production thereof is provided. The coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a hard material coating, the substrate being selected from cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond or high-speed steel. The hard material coating includes a (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers. The layer stack has an overall atomic ratio of Ti:Al within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack within the range from 0.33:0.67 to 0.67:0.33, a total thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack within the range from 1 μm to 20 μm, each of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having a thickness within the range from 0.5 nm to 50 nm, each of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers being different in respect of the atomic ratio Ti:Al than an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer, and other characteristics.1. A coated cutting tool consisting of a substrate and a hard material coating, the substrate being selected from cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond or high-speed steel, wherein the hard material coating comprises:
a (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers, the layer stack having the following characteristics: wherein an overall atomic ratio of Ti:Al within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack is within the range from 0.33:0.67 to 0.67:0.33; a total thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack is within the range from 1 μm to 20 μm; each individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers has a thickness within the range from 0.5 nm to 50 nm; each of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers being different in respect of the atomic ratio Ti:Al than an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer; over the thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack perpendicular to the substrate surface the content of Al increases and the content of Ti decreases from an interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in a direction towards the substrate to the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in a direction towards the outer surface of the coating; over the thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack perpendicular to the substrate surface the residual stress a decreases from the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the substrate to the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the outer surface of the coating by an amount of at least 150 MPa to at most 900 MPa, whereby the residual stress σ is measured by X-ray diffraction applying the sin2Ψ method based on the (2 0 0) reflection; and a residual stress σ within a portion of a thickness of at least 100 nm to at most 1 μm within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack (L) from the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the substrate is within the range of from 0 MPa to +450 MPa. 2. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the alternately stacked TiAlN sub-layers of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of the coating are deposited by Arc-PVD, the entire coating being deposited by Arc-PVD. 3. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the difference of the of the atomic ratio Ti:Al of each of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers over the atomic ratio Ti:Al of an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer is within the range from 0.2 to 1.8 or from 0.3 to 1.5 or from 0.4 to 1.0 or about 0.5. 4. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the atomic ratio Ti:Al of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having a lower Ti content than an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer is within the range from 0.2:0.8 to 0.7:0.3, and/or the atomic ratio Ti:Al of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having a higher Ti content than an immediately adjacent (Ti,Al)N sub-layer is within the range from 0.3:0.7 to 0.8:0.2. 5. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the increase of the Al content and the decrease of the Ti content over the thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack (L) perpendicular to the substrate surface occurs step-wise or gradual. 6. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the increase of the Al content and the decrease of the Ti content over the thickness of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack perpendicular to the substrate surface is by an increase of the thicknesses of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having higher Al contents than the thicknesses of the individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers having lower Al contents. 7. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the (Ti,Al)N layer stack includes two or more (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stacks arranged immediately on top of each other, wherein within a same (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stack there exists a first type of individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers each of the first type having a same composition with respect to the Ti:Al atomic ratio and a same thickness, and a second type of individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers each of the second type having a same composition with respect to the Ti:Al atomic ratio and a same thickness, wherein the first and second types of individual (Ti,Al)N sub-layers have different Ti:Al atomic ratios. 8. The coated cutting tool according to claim 7, wherein a overall Al content within each of the (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stacks increases from one (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stack to the next (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stack in the direction towards the outer surface of the coating. 9. The coated cutting tool according to claim 7, wherein the (Ti,Al)N layer stack consists of two (Ti,Al)N sub-layer stacks arranged immediately on top of each other. 10. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a difference between the absolute amounts of the residual stresses σ of the portion of a thickness of at least 100 nm to at most 1 μm within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack from the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the substrate towards the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the outer surface and of the material arranged immediately underneath, which is either the surface of the substrate or a hard material layer arranged between the substrate and the (Ti,Al)N layer stack, is ≤400 MPa. 11. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein an average grain size within the (Ti,Al)N layer stack decreases from the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the substrate to the interface of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack arranged in the direction towards the outer surface of the coating. 12. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the (Ti,Al)N layer stack has <5 vol-% hexagonal crystal structure, measured by XRD. 13. The coated cutting tool according to wherein the overall residual stress σ of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack in the as-deposited state is <600 MPa. 14. The coated cutting tool according to wherein the (Ti,Al)N layer stack has a Vickers hardness HV0.015≥2800, and/or a reduced Young's modulus >350 GPa. 15. The coated cutting tool according to claim 1, further comprising one or more further hard material layers on top of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack and/or between the substrate and the (Ti,Al)N layer stack, the one or more further hard material layers containing one or more of the elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al and Si as well as one or more of N, C, O, and B. 16. A of the tool according to claim 1 for the milling of steel, preferably for the milling of steel of the groups of work piece materials characterized as ISO-P, ISO-M, ISO-S and/or ISO-K, more preferably ISOP and/or ISO-M, according to DIN ISO standard 513. 17. A process for manufacturing the coated cutting tool of claim 1 comprising the steps of depositing a (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers by means of Arc-PVD (cathodic arc deposition) using at least two different targets, each containing the metals Ti and Al, but having different contents of Ti and Al, wherein the applied arc current per target for the deposition of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack of alternately stacked (Ti,Al)N sub-layers is within the range from 50 to 180 A. 18. The process of claim 17, wherein the Arc-PVD deposition of the (Ti,Al)N layer stack is carried out at a nitrogen pressure in the range from 5 Pa to 15 Pa. | 3,600 |
345,338 | 16,643,254 | 1,762 | The invention relates to a composition comprising i) 10-90 wt. % of an ethylenically unsaturated component (A), ii) 10-90 wt. % of a component (B) having urethane and/or urea groups, iii) 0-4 wt. % of an organic component (C) which is different from components (A) and (B), and iv) 0-9 wt. % of other ingredients (D) wherein the wt. % are calculated on the total weight of the composition, wherein the sum of the wt. % of component (A) and the wt. % of component (B) is 91-100 wt. %, component (A) consists of compounds having 1-8 ethylenically unsaturated bonds and a molar mass of 100-1400 g/mol, component (A) contains no amino groups, component (B) contains no primary and no secondary amino groups, component (B) consists of compounds having 2-40 functional groups selected from urethane and urea groups, having 1-40 groups selected from tertiary amino groups, salts thereof, quaternary ammonium groups, and mixtures thereof, component (B) contains not more tertiary amino groups than the sum of urethane and urea groups, and component (B) has a nitrogen content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt. %, component (C) consists of organic compounds having a molar mass of less than 1000 g/mol. | 1. A composition comprising:
i) 10-90 wt. % of an ethylenically unsaturated component (A), ii) 10-90 wt. % of a component (B) comprising urethane and/or urea groups, iii) 0-4 wt. % of an organic component (C) which is different from components (A) and (B), and iv) 0-9 wt. % of other ingredients (D), wherein the weight percentages are calculated based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the sum of the wt. % of component (A) and the wt. % of component (B) is 91-100 wt. %, component (A) comprises at least one compounds including 1-8 ethylenically unsaturated bonds and a molar mass of 100-1400 g/mol, and component (A) contains no amino groups, component (B) contains no primary and no secondary amino groups, component (B) consists of comprises at least one compounds having including 2-40 functional groups selected from urethane and urea groups, and including 1-40 groups selected from tertiary amino groups and salts thereof, quaternary ammonium groups, and mixtures thereof, component (B) contains not more tertiary amino groups than the sum of urethane and urea groups, and component (B) has a nitrogen content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt. %, component (C) comprises at least one organic compound having a molar mass of less than 1000 g/mol. 2. The composition according to claim 1 comprising
i) 25-75 wt. % of component (A),
ii) 25-75 wt. % of component (B),
iii) 0-2 wt. % of component (C), and
iv) 0-2 wt. % of other ingredients (D),
wherein the sum of the wt. % of component (A) and the wt. % of component (B) is 98-100 wt. %. 3. The composition according to claim 1 wherein at least 70 wt. % of component (A) is selected from species comprising (meth)acryl groups. 4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70 wt. % of component (A) comprises species including 2-4 ethylenically unsaturated bonds. 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70 wt. % of component (A) is selected from species having a proportion of carbon atoms to ethylenically unsaturated bonds of from 12 :1 to 3 :1. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (B) has a molecular weight distribution and has a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 2000-200000 g/mol. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (B) has a nitrogen content in the range of 4-9 wt. %. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70 mol. % of the species of component (B) contain 4-15 functional groups selected from urethane and urea groups. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component B has an iodine value in the range of 0.0 to 10.0. 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 90 wt. % of component (B) comprises one or more adducts which are obtainable by reacting
one or more polyisocyanates (a) having at least two isocyanate groups per molecule with one or more compounds (b) of the formula (I)
Y—(XH)n (I)
where
XH is a group that is reactive towards isocyanates, and
Y is a monomeric or polymeric group that is not reactive towards isocyanates, the monomeric or polymeric group contains no tertiary amino groups and no hydrolysable silane groups, and the monomeric or polymeric group comprises one or more aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic groups,
and where
the one or more compounds (b) of the formula (I) possess a number-average molar mass Mn of 32 to 15000 g/mol and do not fall within the definition of component (c1) or component (c2),
and
n is 1, 2 or 3,
where n is 1 for at least 50 mol. % of the one or more compounds (b) of the formula (I),
with the proviso that 20% to 90% of the isocyanate groups of the one or more polyisocyanates (a) are reacted with the one or more compounds of the formula (I),
and
one or more compounds (c1) of the general formula (IIa)
Z-Q (IIa)
in which Q-NH2, —NHR or OH, in which R is a linear or branched organic group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and
Z is an organic group comprising at least one tertiary amino group and containing no isocyanate-reactive groups, and
optionally one or more compounds (c2) different from the one or more compounds (c1), the one or more compounds (c2) being of the general formula (IIb)
M-Q (IIb)
in which Q-NH2, —NHR or OH, in which R is a linear or branched organic group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and
M is an organic group having a number-average molar mass of not more than 1000 g/mol and comprising at least one tertiary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group,
with the proviso that at least 10% of the isocyanate groups of the one or more polyisocyanates (a) are reacted with component (c1). 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein for at least 70 wt. % of the component (B), Z comprises one or more of j) an aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic group comprising at least one tertiary amino group, or k) a heterocyclic group comprising at least one basic ring nitrogen atom that does not contain a hydrogen atom, the heterocyclic group optionally being attached to the group Q via an organic coupling group. 12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein for at least 70 wt. % of the component (B), mono-functional species of the formula (I) are selected from monohydroxy-functional polyethers, polyesters, polyether-polyesters, aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic monoalcohols having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. 13. The composition according to claim 10, wherein for at least 70 wt. % of the component (B), the one or more polyisocyanates (a) are products containing one or more isocyanurate groups, of diisocyanates based on hexamethylene diisocyanate, diisophorone diisocyanate and/or tolylene diisocyanate. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is a liquid at a temperature of 23° C. 15. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has an amine value in the range of 2-50 mg KOH/g. 16. The composition according to claim 1 containing no primary and no secondary amines. 17. The composition according to claim 1 containing no free radical initiator. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. A coating composition comprising solid particles and the composition according to claim 1. 21. The composition according to claim 1, wherein:
component (A) consists of compounds having 1-8 ethylenically unsaturated bonds and a molar mass of 100-1400 g/mol, and component (A) contains no amino groups; component (B) contains no primary and no secondary amino groups, component (B) consists of compound having 2-40 functional groups selected from urethane and urea groups, having 1-40 groups selected from tertiary amino groups and salts thereof, quaternary ammonium groups, and mixtures thereof, component (B) contains not more tertiary amino groups than the sum of urethane and urea groups, and component (B) has a nitrogen content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt. %; and component (C) consists of organic compounds having a molar mass of less than 1000 g/mol. 22. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70 wt. % of component (A) comprises species including 2-3 ethylenically unsaturated bonds. 23. An ink comprising solid particles and the composition according to claim 1. 24. A polymer system comprising solid particles and the composition according to claim 1. | The invention relates to a composition comprising i) 10-90 wt. % of an ethylenically unsaturated component (A), ii) 10-90 wt. % of a component (B) having urethane and/or urea groups, iii) 0-4 wt. % of an organic component (C) which is different from components (A) and (B), and iv) 0-9 wt. % of other ingredients (D) wherein the wt. % are calculated on the total weight of the composition, wherein the sum of the wt. % of component (A) and the wt. % of component (B) is 91-100 wt. %, component (A) consists of compounds having 1-8 ethylenically unsaturated bonds and a molar mass of 100-1400 g/mol, component (A) contains no amino groups, component (B) contains no primary and no secondary amino groups, component (B) consists of compounds having 2-40 functional groups selected from urethane and urea groups, having 1-40 groups selected from tertiary amino groups, salts thereof, quaternary ammonium groups, and mixtures thereof, component (B) contains not more tertiary amino groups than the sum of urethane and urea groups, and component (B) has a nitrogen content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt. %, component (C) consists of organic compounds having a molar mass of less than 1000 g/mol.1. A composition comprising:
i) 10-90 wt. % of an ethylenically unsaturated component (A), ii) 10-90 wt. % of a component (B) comprising urethane and/or urea groups, iii) 0-4 wt. % of an organic component (C) which is different from components (A) and (B), and iv) 0-9 wt. % of other ingredients (D), wherein the weight percentages are calculated based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the sum of the wt. % of component (A) and the wt. % of component (B) is 91-100 wt. %, component (A) comprises at least one compounds including 1-8 ethylenically unsaturated bonds and a molar mass of 100-1400 g/mol, and component (A) contains no amino groups, component (B) contains no primary and no secondary amino groups, component (B) consists of comprises at least one compounds having including 2-40 functional groups selected from urethane and urea groups, and including 1-40 groups selected from tertiary amino groups and salts thereof, quaternary ammonium groups, and mixtures thereof, component (B) contains not more tertiary amino groups than the sum of urethane and urea groups, and component (B) has a nitrogen content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt. %, component (C) comprises at least one organic compound having a molar mass of less than 1000 g/mol. 2. The composition according to claim 1 comprising
i) 25-75 wt. % of component (A),
ii) 25-75 wt. % of component (B),
iii) 0-2 wt. % of component (C), and
iv) 0-2 wt. % of other ingredients (D),
wherein the sum of the wt. % of component (A) and the wt. % of component (B) is 98-100 wt. %. 3. The composition according to claim 1 wherein at least 70 wt. % of component (A) is selected from species comprising (meth)acryl groups. 4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70 wt. % of component (A) comprises species including 2-4 ethylenically unsaturated bonds. 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70 wt. % of component (A) is selected from species having a proportion of carbon atoms to ethylenically unsaturated bonds of from 12 :1 to 3 :1. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (B) has a molecular weight distribution and has a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range of 2000-200000 g/mol. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (B) has a nitrogen content in the range of 4-9 wt. %. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70 mol. % of the species of component (B) contain 4-15 functional groups selected from urethane and urea groups. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component B has an iodine value in the range of 0.0 to 10.0. 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 90 wt. % of component (B) comprises one or more adducts which are obtainable by reacting
one or more polyisocyanates (a) having at least two isocyanate groups per molecule with one or more compounds (b) of the formula (I)
Y—(XH)n (I)
where
XH is a group that is reactive towards isocyanates, and
Y is a monomeric or polymeric group that is not reactive towards isocyanates, the monomeric or polymeric group contains no tertiary amino groups and no hydrolysable silane groups, and the monomeric or polymeric group comprises one or more aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic groups,
and where
the one or more compounds (b) of the formula (I) possess a number-average molar mass Mn of 32 to 15000 g/mol and do not fall within the definition of component (c1) or component (c2),
and
n is 1, 2 or 3,
where n is 1 for at least 50 mol. % of the one or more compounds (b) of the formula (I),
with the proviso that 20% to 90% of the isocyanate groups of the one or more polyisocyanates (a) are reacted with the one or more compounds of the formula (I),
and
one or more compounds (c1) of the general formula (IIa)
Z-Q (IIa)
in which Q-NH2, —NHR or OH, in which R is a linear or branched organic group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and
Z is an organic group comprising at least one tertiary amino group and containing no isocyanate-reactive groups, and
optionally one or more compounds (c2) different from the one or more compounds (c1), the one or more compounds (c2) being of the general formula (IIb)
M-Q (IIb)
in which Q-NH2, —NHR or OH, in which R is a linear or branched organic group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and
M is an organic group having a number-average molar mass of not more than 1000 g/mol and comprising at least one tertiary amino group and at least one hydroxyl group,
with the proviso that at least 10% of the isocyanate groups of the one or more polyisocyanates (a) are reacted with component (c1). 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein for at least 70 wt. % of the component (B), Z comprises one or more of j) an aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic group comprising at least one tertiary amino group, or k) a heterocyclic group comprising at least one basic ring nitrogen atom that does not contain a hydrogen atom, the heterocyclic group optionally being attached to the group Q via an organic coupling group. 12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein for at least 70 wt. % of the component (B), mono-functional species of the formula (I) are selected from monohydroxy-functional polyethers, polyesters, polyether-polyesters, aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic monoalcohols having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. 13. The composition according to claim 10, wherein for at least 70 wt. % of the component (B), the one or more polyisocyanates (a) are products containing one or more isocyanurate groups, of diisocyanates based on hexamethylene diisocyanate, diisophorone diisocyanate and/or tolylene diisocyanate. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is a liquid at a temperature of 23° C. 15. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has an amine value in the range of 2-50 mg KOH/g. 16. The composition according to claim 1 containing no primary and no secondary amines. 17. The composition according to claim 1 containing no free radical initiator. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. A coating composition comprising solid particles and the composition according to claim 1. 21. The composition according to claim 1, wherein:
component (A) consists of compounds having 1-8 ethylenically unsaturated bonds and a molar mass of 100-1400 g/mol, and component (A) contains no amino groups; component (B) contains no primary and no secondary amino groups, component (B) consists of compound having 2-40 functional groups selected from urethane and urea groups, having 1-40 groups selected from tertiary amino groups and salts thereof, quaternary ammonium groups, and mixtures thereof, component (B) contains not more tertiary amino groups than the sum of urethane and urea groups, and component (B) has a nitrogen content in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 wt. %; and component (C) consists of organic compounds having a molar mass of less than 1000 g/mol. 22. The composition according to claim 1, wherein at least 70 wt. % of component (A) comprises species including 2-3 ethylenically unsaturated bonds. 23. An ink comprising solid particles and the composition according to claim 1. 24. A polymer system comprising solid particles and the composition according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
345,339 | 16,643,239 | 1,762 | A new method is developed for ultrafast, high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using learned spectral features. The method uses Free Induction Decay (FID) based ultrashort-TE and short-TR acquisition without any solvent suppression pulses to generate the desired spatiospectral encodings. The spectral features for the desired molecules are learned from specifically designed “training” data by taking into account the resonance structure of each compound generated by quantum mechanical simulations. A union-of-subspaces model that incorporates the learned spectral features is used to effectively separate the unsuppressed water/lipid signals, the metabolite signals, and the macromolecule signals. The unsuppressed water spectroscopic signals in the data can be used for various purposes, e.g., removing the need of additional auxiliary scans for calibration, and for generating high quality quantitative tissue susceptiability mapping etc. Simultaneous spatiospectral reconstructions of water, lipids, metabolite and macromolecule can be obtained using a single 1H-MRSI scan. | 1. A device to acquire spatiospectral distributions from an object, the device comprising:
a magnetic field generator that generates a static magnetic field, the object being positioned in the static magnetic field; an RF coil assembly including a plurality of gradient coils; an RF transceiver controlled by a pulse module that transmits RF signals to the RF coil assembly and that receives magnetic resonance (MR) signals; and a computer which, responsive to executing instructions, performs operations, the operations comprising:
acquiring, based upon the MR signals, spatiospectrally encoded free induction decays (FIDs) that sparsely sample a (k,t)-space with ultrashort TE and short TR, wherein the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs are acquired without water suppression and without lipid suppression;
acquiring, based upon the MR signals, embedded navigator data for tracking system instability and for tracking motion of the object, wherein the navigator data are acquired simultaneously with the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs;
reconstructing spatiospectral functions from the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs using spectral features learned from training data acquired experimentally and generated using quantum mechanical simulations; and
separating, based upon the MR signals, signals from unsuppressed water molecules, signals from lipid molecules, signals from metabolites, and signals from macromolecules;
wherein one or more quantitative tissue susceptibility maps, one or more tissue relaxation constant maps, one or more metabolite maps, and one or more macromolecule maps can be obtained from a single MRSI data set that is based upon the MR signals. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the training data are acquired to learn the spectral features of different molecules in the object, wherein the spectral features that are learned are used to construct subspace representations of individual molecules and wherein the spectral features that are learned are used for general MRSI experiments. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the training data are acquired using: one or more single voxel spectroscopy scans; one or more ultrashort-TE, 2D or 3D chemical shift imaging sequences; or one or more ultrashort-TE, low-resolution, 2D or 3D echo-planar spectroscopic imaging sequences. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein a FID-based, ultrashort-TE, very-short-TR acquisition is used to generate the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs, wherein the ultrashort-TE is less than 4 ms, wherein the very-short-TR is less than 300 ms, wherein power of the RF transceiver is optimized for a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of a metabolite spatiospectral function, and wherein neither water nor lipid suppression is used. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the spatiospectral encoding strategy uses different gradient waveforms to generate (k,t)-space sampling trajectories, wherein the (k,t)-space sampling trajectories comprise one or more Cartesian trajectories, one or more echo-planar trajectories, or one or more other non-Cartesian trajectories, and wherein the non-Cartesian trajectories comprises a spiral trajectory, a radial trajectory, or a concentric ring trajectory. 6. The device of claim 4, wherein the spatiospectral encoding strategy uses a corresponding (k,t)-space, with k denoting three spatial frequency dimensions and t denoting an additional temporal dimension, that is sampled sparsely in variable density, wherein a center k-space region is sampled with Nyquist density and the rest of the k-space is sampled below Nyquist density, and wherein the temporal dimension is sampled at or below Nyquist density. 7. The device of claim 4, wherein the acquisition uses a spatiospectral encoding strategy in which acquisition of additional navigator signals with circular trajectories or linear trajectories is interleaved into a total acquisition period. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the learned spectral features of NMR-detectable molecules are used for processing acquired (k, t)-space data to obtain desired spatiospectral distributions. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein a union-of-subspaces model is used to represent and separate the spatiospectral distributions originating from different types of molecules in the object, including the water molecules, the lipid molecules, the metabolites, and the macromolecules. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein for 1H-MRSI, the union-of-subspaces model is expressed as: 11. The device of claim 10, wherein basis functions {ϕl x (t)}, are determined for individual signal components based on the spectral features learned from the training data acquired experimentally and generated using quantum mechanical simulations. 12. The device of claim 4, wherein the acquisition uses a spatiospectral encoding strategy in which unsuppressed/companion water spectroscopic signals are used to determine B0 field inhomogeneity and coil receiver sensitivity profiles, to estimate and correct B0 field drifts, and to track and correct for head motion during a scan, without a need for acquiring additional auxiliary data for the same purposes. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the quantitative tissue susceptibility maps are extracted from B0 field maps estimated from the unsuppressed water spectroscopic signals. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein quantitative T2* maps are obtained from the unsuppressed water spectroscopic signals. 15. The device of claim 12, where B0 field maps and T2* maps are determined using all the temporal samples, or echoes, available. 16. The device of claim 4, wherein the acquisition uses a spatiospectral encoding strategy in which unsuppressed water and lipid signals are removed from sparsely sampled data using a union-of-subspaces model that is expressed as: 17. The device of claim 16, wherein metabolite and macromolecule reconstructions are determined by solving the following optimization problem 18. The device of claim 17, where Rm(⋅) and Rb(⋅) are quadratic regularization that enforces edge-preserving smoothness or non-quadratic regularization that enforces sparsity constraints on spatiospectral variations of individual signal components. 19. A method of acquiring spatiospectral distributions from an object, the method comprising:
generating a static magnetic field, the object being positioned in the static magnetic field; controlling an RF transceiver to transmit RF signals to an RF coil assembly including a plurality of gradient coils; controlling the RF transceiver to receive imaging data; acquiring, based upon the imaging data, spatiospectrally encoded free induction decays (FIDs) that sparsely sample a (k,t)-space with ultrashort TE and short TR; acquiring, based upon the imaging data, embedded navigator data for tracking system instability and for tracking motion of the object, wherein the navigator data are acquired simultaneously with the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs; reconstructing spatiospectral functions from the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs using spectral features learned from training data acquired experimentally and generated using quantum mechanical simulations; separating, based upon the imaging data, spatiospectral distributions of water, lipids, metabolites and macromolecules; and generating one or more quantitative tissue susceptibility maps, one or more T2* maps, one or more B0 inhomogeneity maps, and one or more maps of various metabolites and macromolecules from a single MRSI data set that is based upon the imaging data; wherein the ultrashort TE is less than 4 ms and the short TR is less than 300 ms, and wherein the method does not require a water suppression pulse or a lipid suppression pulse for 1H-MRSI. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage device comprising executable instructions which, responsive to being executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
acquiring spatiospectrally encoded FID data covering (k, t)-space in variable density and variable SNR with ultrashort-TE and short-TR, without water and lipid suppression, suitable for image reconstruction using a union-of-subspaces model or a linear combination of low-rank matrix/tensor models; and reconstructing a spatiospectral function from the spatiospectrally encoded FID data that is sparsely sampled using the union-of-subspaces model or the linear combination of low-rank matrix/tensor models; wherein the acquiring of the spatiospectrally encoded FID data is performed utilizing an RF coil assembly including a plurality of gradient coils, and an RF transceiver controlled by a pulse module to transmit RF signals to the RF coil assembly, and wherein an ultrashort TE less than 4 ms and a short TR less than 300 ms are utilized and no water suppression pulse is used and no lipid suppression pulse is used. | A new method is developed for ultrafast, high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using learned spectral features. The method uses Free Induction Decay (FID) based ultrashort-TE and short-TR acquisition without any solvent suppression pulses to generate the desired spatiospectral encodings. The spectral features for the desired molecules are learned from specifically designed “training” data by taking into account the resonance structure of each compound generated by quantum mechanical simulations. A union-of-subspaces model that incorporates the learned spectral features is used to effectively separate the unsuppressed water/lipid signals, the metabolite signals, and the macromolecule signals. The unsuppressed water spectroscopic signals in the data can be used for various purposes, e.g., removing the need of additional auxiliary scans for calibration, and for generating high quality quantitative tissue susceptiability mapping etc. Simultaneous spatiospectral reconstructions of water, lipids, metabolite and macromolecule can be obtained using a single 1H-MRSI scan.1. A device to acquire spatiospectral distributions from an object, the device comprising:
a magnetic field generator that generates a static magnetic field, the object being positioned in the static magnetic field; an RF coil assembly including a plurality of gradient coils; an RF transceiver controlled by a pulse module that transmits RF signals to the RF coil assembly and that receives magnetic resonance (MR) signals; and a computer which, responsive to executing instructions, performs operations, the operations comprising:
acquiring, based upon the MR signals, spatiospectrally encoded free induction decays (FIDs) that sparsely sample a (k,t)-space with ultrashort TE and short TR, wherein the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs are acquired without water suppression and without lipid suppression;
acquiring, based upon the MR signals, embedded navigator data for tracking system instability and for tracking motion of the object, wherein the navigator data are acquired simultaneously with the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs;
reconstructing spatiospectral functions from the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs using spectral features learned from training data acquired experimentally and generated using quantum mechanical simulations; and
separating, based upon the MR signals, signals from unsuppressed water molecules, signals from lipid molecules, signals from metabolites, and signals from macromolecules;
wherein one or more quantitative tissue susceptibility maps, one or more tissue relaxation constant maps, one or more metabolite maps, and one or more macromolecule maps can be obtained from a single MRSI data set that is based upon the MR signals. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the training data are acquired to learn the spectral features of different molecules in the object, wherein the spectral features that are learned are used to construct subspace representations of individual molecules and wherein the spectral features that are learned are used for general MRSI experiments. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the training data are acquired using: one or more single voxel spectroscopy scans; one or more ultrashort-TE, 2D or 3D chemical shift imaging sequences; or one or more ultrashort-TE, low-resolution, 2D or 3D echo-planar spectroscopic imaging sequences. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein a FID-based, ultrashort-TE, very-short-TR acquisition is used to generate the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs, wherein the ultrashort-TE is less than 4 ms, wherein the very-short-TR is less than 300 ms, wherein power of the RF transceiver is optimized for a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of a metabolite spatiospectral function, and wherein neither water nor lipid suppression is used. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the spatiospectral encoding strategy uses different gradient waveforms to generate (k,t)-space sampling trajectories, wherein the (k,t)-space sampling trajectories comprise one or more Cartesian trajectories, one or more echo-planar trajectories, or one or more other non-Cartesian trajectories, and wherein the non-Cartesian trajectories comprises a spiral trajectory, a radial trajectory, or a concentric ring trajectory. 6. The device of claim 4, wherein the spatiospectral encoding strategy uses a corresponding (k,t)-space, with k denoting three spatial frequency dimensions and t denoting an additional temporal dimension, that is sampled sparsely in variable density, wherein a center k-space region is sampled with Nyquist density and the rest of the k-space is sampled below Nyquist density, and wherein the temporal dimension is sampled at or below Nyquist density. 7. The device of claim 4, wherein the acquisition uses a spatiospectral encoding strategy in which acquisition of additional navigator signals with circular trajectories or linear trajectories is interleaved into a total acquisition period. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the learned spectral features of NMR-detectable molecules are used for processing acquired (k, t)-space data to obtain desired spatiospectral distributions. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein a union-of-subspaces model is used to represent and separate the spatiospectral distributions originating from different types of molecules in the object, including the water molecules, the lipid molecules, the metabolites, and the macromolecules. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein for 1H-MRSI, the union-of-subspaces model is expressed as: 11. The device of claim 10, wherein basis functions {ϕl x (t)}, are determined for individual signal components based on the spectral features learned from the training data acquired experimentally and generated using quantum mechanical simulations. 12. The device of claim 4, wherein the acquisition uses a spatiospectral encoding strategy in which unsuppressed/companion water spectroscopic signals are used to determine B0 field inhomogeneity and coil receiver sensitivity profiles, to estimate and correct B0 field drifts, and to track and correct for head motion during a scan, without a need for acquiring additional auxiliary data for the same purposes. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the quantitative tissue susceptibility maps are extracted from B0 field maps estimated from the unsuppressed water spectroscopic signals. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein quantitative T2* maps are obtained from the unsuppressed water spectroscopic signals. 15. The device of claim 12, where B0 field maps and T2* maps are determined using all the temporal samples, or echoes, available. 16. The device of claim 4, wherein the acquisition uses a spatiospectral encoding strategy in which unsuppressed water and lipid signals are removed from sparsely sampled data using a union-of-subspaces model that is expressed as: 17. The device of claim 16, wherein metabolite and macromolecule reconstructions are determined by solving the following optimization problem 18. The device of claim 17, where Rm(⋅) and Rb(⋅) are quadratic regularization that enforces edge-preserving smoothness or non-quadratic regularization that enforces sparsity constraints on spatiospectral variations of individual signal components. 19. A method of acquiring spatiospectral distributions from an object, the method comprising:
generating a static magnetic field, the object being positioned in the static magnetic field; controlling an RF transceiver to transmit RF signals to an RF coil assembly including a plurality of gradient coils; controlling the RF transceiver to receive imaging data; acquiring, based upon the imaging data, spatiospectrally encoded free induction decays (FIDs) that sparsely sample a (k,t)-space with ultrashort TE and short TR; acquiring, based upon the imaging data, embedded navigator data for tracking system instability and for tracking motion of the object, wherein the navigator data are acquired simultaneously with the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs; reconstructing spatiospectral functions from the spatiospectrally encoded FIDs using spectral features learned from training data acquired experimentally and generated using quantum mechanical simulations; separating, based upon the imaging data, spatiospectral distributions of water, lipids, metabolites and macromolecules; and generating one or more quantitative tissue susceptibility maps, one or more T2* maps, one or more B0 inhomogeneity maps, and one or more maps of various metabolites and macromolecules from a single MRSI data set that is based upon the imaging data; wherein the ultrashort TE is less than 4 ms and the short TR is less than 300 ms, and wherein the method does not require a water suppression pulse or a lipid suppression pulse for 1H-MRSI. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage device comprising executable instructions which, responsive to being executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
acquiring spatiospectrally encoded FID data covering (k, t)-space in variable density and variable SNR with ultrashort-TE and short-TR, without water and lipid suppression, suitable for image reconstruction using a union-of-subspaces model or a linear combination of low-rank matrix/tensor models; and reconstructing a spatiospectral function from the spatiospectrally encoded FID data that is sparsely sampled using the union-of-subspaces model or the linear combination of low-rank matrix/tensor models; wherein the acquiring of the spatiospectrally encoded FID data is performed utilizing an RF coil assembly including a plurality of gradient coils, and an RF transceiver controlled by a pulse module to transmit RF signals to the RF coil assembly, and wherein an ultrashort TE less than 4 ms and a short TR less than 300 ms are utilized and no water suppression pulse is used and no lipid suppression pulse is used. | 1,700 |
345,340 | 16,643,251 | 1,762 | The invention provides homology directed repair (HDR) constructs for variant screening in cells comprising: a left and right homology arm, with either the left or right homology arm encoding a genomic edit to be incorporated at a target locus; and an excisable double selection cassette located within the left and right homology arms, the excisable double selection cassette comprising; a first selection marker; and a second selection marker; and wherein the first selection marker and the second selection marker are located between a first and second excision site. Also provided are homology directed repair (HDR) vectors comprising a construct as described herein, and methods for using such vectors. | 1. A homology directed repair (HDR) construct for variant screening in cells comprising:
a left and right homology arm, with either the left or right homology arm encoding a genomic edit to be incorporated at a target locus; and an excisable double selection cassette located within the left and right homology arms, the excisable double selection cassette comprising;
a first selection marker; and
a second selection marker; and
wherein the first selection marker and the second selection marker are located between a first and second excision site. 2. The HDR construct of claim 1, wherein the first and second selection markers are positive selection markers, or negative selection markers. 3. The HDR construct of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first or second selection marker, or both, is a zeocin resistance gene, a blasticidin resistance gene, a geneticin (G-418) resistance gene, or a hygromycin B resistance gene. 4. The HDR construct of claim 1, further comprising a fluorescent marker for FACS isolation of positive cell pools, wherein the fluorescent marker comprises Blue-TagBFP, Cyan-Cerulean, Green-Tag GFP2, Yellow-YPet, Red-TagRFP, Far Red-mKate2. 5. The HDR construct of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the left and right homology arms are each from about 700 bp to about 1000 bp. 6. The HDR construct of claim 1, wherein the first selection marker is a drug resistance gene. 7. The HDR construct of claim 6, wherein the drug resistance gene is a puromycin resistance gene. 8. The HDR construct of claim 1, wherein the second selection maker is a drug sensitivity gene. 9. The HDR construct of claim 8, wherein the drug sensitivity gene is a thymidine kinase. 10. The HDR construct of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first and second excision sites are transposase recognition sites. 11. A homology directed repair (HDR) vector comprising the construct of any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The vector of claim 11, wherein the backbone of the vector enables uniform, one-step assembly for incorporating homology arms. 13. The HDR vector of claim 11, wherein the vector is a transfection delivery vector. 14. The HDR vector of claim 11, wherein the vector is a viral delivery vector. 15. The HDR vector of claim 14, wherein the viral delivery vector is a lentivirus vector 16. A variant screening system for screening cells comprising:
a gene editing system; a HDR vector of any one of claims 11 to 15; and an excision protein or a polynucleotide encoding an excision protein, wherein the excision protein removes the excisable double selection cassette. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the gene editing system comprises a CRISPR system comprising a CRISPR effector protein and/or a polynucleotide encoding the CRISPR effector protein, and a guide RNA (gRNA) comprising a guide sequence and/or a polynucleotide encoding the gRNA, wherein the gRNA is capable of forming a complex with the CRISPR effector protein and binding a target sequence adjacent to a variant locus to be edited. 18. The system of claim 16, comprising two or more delivery vectors, each delivery vector comprising a guide RNA targeted to a different variant locus. 19. The system of any of claims 16 to 18, comprising two or more HDR vectors wherein each HDR vector encodes a different nucleotide edit at each variant locus. 20. The system of any of claims 16 to 19, wherein the excision protein is a transposase. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the transposase is an excision transposase. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the transposase is a hyperactive transposase. 23. The system of claim 20, wherein the transposase comprises a mutation that alters its function. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein the transposase comprises a PiggyBac transposase. 25. A method for screening variant loci in cells comprising;
delivering one or more HDR constructs of any one of claims 1 to 10 and/or one or more HDR delivery vectors of anyone of claims 11 to 15 to;
(i) a population of cells expressing a gene editing system configured to cut cellular DNA at one or more target loci; or
(ii) a population of cells to which a gene editing system configured to cut cellular DNA at one or more target loci is co-delivered with the HDR construct or the HDR delivery vector;
selecting edited cells that incorporate the excisable double selection cassette of the HDR construct based on the first selection marker; selecting a final cell population based on the second selection marker; and delivering an excision protein, or a polynucleotide encoding the excision protein, to the edited cells, wherein the excision protein removes the excisable double selection cassette, to arrive at a final edited cell population. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the gene editing system comprises a CRISPR system. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising a genotyping step after the first selecting step, the second selecting step, or both. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the genotyping step can be used to establish a pre- or post-selection efficiency parameter. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the genotyping step comprises amplicon sequencing. 30. The method of any of claims 25 to 29, further comprise determining changes in expression of one or more biomarkers in the final edited cell population and/or changes one or more cellular phenotypes of the final edited cell population. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the one or more changes in cellular phenotype include changes in morphology, motility, cell death, cell-cell contact or a combination thereof. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the one or more biomarkers are indicative of a presence or absence of a disease state or identify a cell type or cell lineage. | The invention provides homology directed repair (HDR) constructs for variant screening in cells comprising: a left and right homology arm, with either the left or right homology arm encoding a genomic edit to be incorporated at a target locus; and an excisable double selection cassette located within the left and right homology arms, the excisable double selection cassette comprising; a first selection marker; and a second selection marker; and wherein the first selection marker and the second selection marker are located between a first and second excision site. Also provided are homology directed repair (HDR) vectors comprising a construct as described herein, and methods for using such vectors.1. A homology directed repair (HDR) construct for variant screening in cells comprising:
a left and right homology arm, with either the left or right homology arm encoding a genomic edit to be incorporated at a target locus; and an excisable double selection cassette located within the left and right homology arms, the excisable double selection cassette comprising;
a first selection marker; and
a second selection marker; and
wherein the first selection marker and the second selection marker are located between a first and second excision site. 2. The HDR construct of claim 1, wherein the first and second selection markers are positive selection markers, or negative selection markers. 3. The HDR construct of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first or second selection marker, or both, is a zeocin resistance gene, a blasticidin resistance gene, a geneticin (G-418) resistance gene, or a hygromycin B resistance gene. 4. The HDR construct of claim 1, further comprising a fluorescent marker for FACS isolation of positive cell pools, wherein the fluorescent marker comprises Blue-TagBFP, Cyan-Cerulean, Green-Tag GFP2, Yellow-YPet, Red-TagRFP, Far Red-mKate2. 5. The HDR construct of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the left and right homology arms are each from about 700 bp to about 1000 bp. 6. The HDR construct of claim 1, wherein the first selection marker is a drug resistance gene. 7. The HDR construct of claim 6, wherein the drug resistance gene is a puromycin resistance gene. 8. The HDR construct of claim 1, wherein the second selection maker is a drug sensitivity gene. 9. The HDR construct of claim 8, wherein the drug sensitivity gene is a thymidine kinase. 10. The HDR construct of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first and second excision sites are transposase recognition sites. 11. A homology directed repair (HDR) vector comprising the construct of any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The vector of claim 11, wherein the backbone of the vector enables uniform, one-step assembly for incorporating homology arms. 13. The HDR vector of claim 11, wherein the vector is a transfection delivery vector. 14. The HDR vector of claim 11, wherein the vector is a viral delivery vector. 15. The HDR vector of claim 14, wherein the viral delivery vector is a lentivirus vector 16. A variant screening system for screening cells comprising:
a gene editing system; a HDR vector of any one of claims 11 to 15; and an excision protein or a polynucleotide encoding an excision protein, wherein the excision protein removes the excisable double selection cassette. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the gene editing system comprises a CRISPR system comprising a CRISPR effector protein and/or a polynucleotide encoding the CRISPR effector protein, and a guide RNA (gRNA) comprising a guide sequence and/or a polynucleotide encoding the gRNA, wherein the gRNA is capable of forming a complex with the CRISPR effector protein and binding a target sequence adjacent to a variant locus to be edited. 18. The system of claim 16, comprising two or more delivery vectors, each delivery vector comprising a guide RNA targeted to a different variant locus. 19. The system of any of claims 16 to 18, comprising two or more HDR vectors wherein each HDR vector encodes a different nucleotide edit at each variant locus. 20. The system of any of claims 16 to 19, wherein the excision protein is a transposase. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the transposase is an excision transposase. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the transposase is a hyperactive transposase. 23. The system of claim 20, wherein the transposase comprises a mutation that alters its function. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein the transposase comprises a PiggyBac transposase. 25. A method for screening variant loci in cells comprising;
delivering one or more HDR constructs of any one of claims 1 to 10 and/or one or more HDR delivery vectors of anyone of claims 11 to 15 to;
(i) a population of cells expressing a gene editing system configured to cut cellular DNA at one or more target loci; or
(ii) a population of cells to which a gene editing system configured to cut cellular DNA at one or more target loci is co-delivered with the HDR construct or the HDR delivery vector;
selecting edited cells that incorporate the excisable double selection cassette of the HDR construct based on the first selection marker; selecting a final cell population based on the second selection marker; and delivering an excision protein, or a polynucleotide encoding the excision protein, to the edited cells, wherein the excision protein removes the excisable double selection cassette, to arrive at a final edited cell population. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the gene editing system comprises a CRISPR system. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising a genotyping step after the first selecting step, the second selecting step, or both. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the genotyping step can be used to establish a pre- or post-selection efficiency parameter. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the genotyping step comprises amplicon sequencing. 30. The method of any of claims 25 to 29, further comprise determining changes in expression of one or more biomarkers in the final edited cell population and/or changes one or more cellular phenotypes of the final edited cell population. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the one or more changes in cellular phenotype include changes in morphology, motility, cell death, cell-cell contact or a combination thereof. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the one or more biomarkers are indicative of a presence or absence of a disease state or identify a cell type or cell lineage. | 1,700 |
345,341 | 16,643,252 | 1,644 | The present invention relates to a method for detecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood of a subject by use of a novel marker. The method includes the detection of at least one commonly known marker for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in combination with the detection of the marker BTNL8. The method allows the reliable detection and quantification of different Treg populations which are involved in important immunological functions, such as immunosuppression and maintenance of immune tolerance. The invention also provides a method for monitoring the treatment of a subject suffering from an immunological disease or condition which makes use of the novel marker. The invention also relates to the use of a means that allow the specific detection of BTNL8 for detecting Tregs. Kits comprising detection means for detecting commonly known markers of Tregs along with BTNL8 are also provided. | 1. A method for detecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a subject, said method comprising detecting in a sample that has been obtained from the subject:
(a) at least one marker which is known to be associated with Tregs; and (b) BTNL8. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said marker which is known to be associated with Tregs is selected from the group consisting of CD25, CD127, CD121a, CD121b, GARP, LAP, and FoxP3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said method further comprises the detection of one or more of the following markers: CD3, CD4, TIGIT, and HELIOS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the detection of the following markers:
(a) CD4, GARP, and BTNL8, (b) CD4, LAP, and BTNL8, (c) CD4, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8, (d) CD4, CD25, GARP, and BTNL8, (e) CD4, CD25, LAP, and BTNL8, (f) CD4, CD25, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8, (g) CD4, CD127, GARP, and BTNL8, (h) CD4, CD127, LAP, and BTNL8, (i) CD4, CD127, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8, (j) CD4, CD121a, GARP, and BTNL8, (k) CD4, CD121a, LAP, and BTNL8, (l) CD4, CD121a, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8, (m) CD4, CD121b, GARP, and BTNL8, (n) CD4, CD121b, LAP, and BTNL8, or (o) CD4, CD121b, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said method further comprises a step in which the Tregs are quantified. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said sample is derived from a subject to whom a cell-based product was administered before detecting said activated Tregs, wherein said cell-based product preferably comprised regulatory macrophages (Mregs). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein detection in steps (a) and (b) uses one or more of the following techniques: flow cytometry, PCR, RT-PCR, real-time PCR and ELISA. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said sample is a blood sample or a blood-derived sample. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein non-Tregs are used as a negative control. 10. A method for monitoring or evaluating the treatment of an immunological disease or condition in a subject, comprising
(a) providing a sample that has been obtained from said subject after treatment of said immunological disease or condition has been initiated; (b) detecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the sample according to claim 1; and (c) quantifying the BTNL8-expressing Tregs; wherein an increase in the number of BTNL8-expressing Tregs after initiation of treatment indicates that the treatment is effective. 11. A method for isolating regulatory T cells (Tregs), said method comprising:
(a) providing a sample that contains or is supposed to contain Tregs; (b) separating Tregs from other cells that are contained in the sample via their expression of BTNL8 and at least one marker which is known to be associated with Tregs, wherein said marker preferably is selected from the group consisting of CD25, CD127, CD121a, CD121b, GARP, LAP, and FoxP3. 12.-13. (canceled) 14. A kit comprising
(a) means for the detection of at least one marker which is known to be associated with Tregs, wherein said marker preferably is CD25, CD127, CD121a, CD121b, GARP, LAP or FoxP3; and (b) means for the detection of BTNL8. 15. A kit according to claim 14, wherein said means comprise (i) an antibody or antibody fragment directed to BTNL8, and/or (ii) a polynucleotide primer or probe directed to the BTNL8 gene. 16. A method for detecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a pool of T cells, said method comprising detecting in a sample that has been obtained from the subject:
(a) at least one marker which is known to be associated with Tregs; and (b) BTNL8. 17. A method of treating an immunological disease or condition in a subject, said method comprising:
(a) administering a cell-based composition to the subject, wherein the cell-based composition comprises regulatory macrophages (Mregs) and/or regulatory T cells (Tregs); (b) obtaining a sample from said subject after said administering (a); (c) detecting BTNL8-expressing Tregs in said sample according to claim 1; and (d) quantifying the BTNL8-expressing Tregs, wherein an increase in the number of BTNL8-expressing Tregs after said administering (a) indicates that the treatment is effective. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said cell-based composition is administered intravenously by injection or infusion. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein said subject is receiving or has received an organ, tissue, or cell transplant, said treatment of said immunological disease or condition is to suppress transplant rejection or prolong transplant survival in said subject. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said cell-based composition is administered to said subject at least twice before receiving said transplant. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein said cell-based composition is administered to said subject within 72 hours after receiving said transplant. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein said immunological disease or condition is an autoimmune disease or a chronic inflammatory disease. | The present invention relates to a method for detecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood of a subject by use of a novel marker. The method includes the detection of at least one commonly known marker for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in combination with the detection of the marker BTNL8. The method allows the reliable detection and quantification of different Treg populations which are involved in important immunological functions, such as immunosuppression and maintenance of immune tolerance. The invention also provides a method for monitoring the treatment of a subject suffering from an immunological disease or condition which makes use of the novel marker. The invention also relates to the use of a means that allow the specific detection of BTNL8 for detecting Tregs. Kits comprising detection means for detecting commonly known markers of Tregs along with BTNL8 are also provided.1. A method for detecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a subject, said method comprising detecting in a sample that has been obtained from the subject:
(a) at least one marker which is known to be associated with Tregs; and (b) BTNL8. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said marker which is known to be associated with Tregs is selected from the group consisting of CD25, CD127, CD121a, CD121b, GARP, LAP, and FoxP3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said method further comprises the detection of one or more of the following markers: CD3, CD4, TIGIT, and HELIOS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the detection of the following markers:
(a) CD4, GARP, and BTNL8, (b) CD4, LAP, and BTNL8, (c) CD4, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8, (d) CD4, CD25, GARP, and BTNL8, (e) CD4, CD25, LAP, and BTNL8, (f) CD4, CD25, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8, (g) CD4, CD127, GARP, and BTNL8, (h) CD4, CD127, LAP, and BTNL8, (i) CD4, CD127, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8, (j) CD4, CD121a, GARP, and BTNL8, (k) CD4, CD121a, LAP, and BTNL8, (l) CD4, CD121a, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8, (m) CD4, CD121b, GARP, and BTNL8, (n) CD4, CD121b, LAP, and BTNL8, or (o) CD4, CD121b, GARP, LAP, and BTNL8. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said method further comprises a step in which the Tregs are quantified. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said sample is derived from a subject to whom a cell-based product was administered before detecting said activated Tregs, wherein said cell-based product preferably comprised regulatory macrophages (Mregs). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein detection in steps (a) and (b) uses one or more of the following techniques: flow cytometry, PCR, RT-PCR, real-time PCR and ELISA. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said sample is a blood sample or a blood-derived sample. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein non-Tregs are used as a negative control. 10. A method for monitoring or evaluating the treatment of an immunological disease or condition in a subject, comprising
(a) providing a sample that has been obtained from said subject after treatment of said immunological disease or condition has been initiated; (b) detecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the sample according to claim 1; and (c) quantifying the BTNL8-expressing Tregs; wherein an increase in the number of BTNL8-expressing Tregs after initiation of treatment indicates that the treatment is effective. 11. A method for isolating regulatory T cells (Tregs), said method comprising:
(a) providing a sample that contains or is supposed to contain Tregs; (b) separating Tregs from other cells that are contained in the sample via their expression of BTNL8 and at least one marker which is known to be associated with Tregs, wherein said marker preferably is selected from the group consisting of CD25, CD127, CD121a, CD121b, GARP, LAP, and FoxP3. 12.-13. (canceled) 14. A kit comprising
(a) means for the detection of at least one marker which is known to be associated with Tregs, wherein said marker preferably is CD25, CD127, CD121a, CD121b, GARP, LAP or FoxP3; and (b) means for the detection of BTNL8. 15. A kit according to claim 14, wherein said means comprise (i) an antibody or antibody fragment directed to BTNL8, and/or (ii) a polynucleotide primer or probe directed to the BTNL8 gene. 16. A method for detecting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a pool of T cells, said method comprising detecting in a sample that has been obtained from the subject:
(a) at least one marker which is known to be associated with Tregs; and (b) BTNL8. 17. A method of treating an immunological disease or condition in a subject, said method comprising:
(a) administering a cell-based composition to the subject, wherein the cell-based composition comprises regulatory macrophages (Mregs) and/or regulatory T cells (Tregs); (b) obtaining a sample from said subject after said administering (a); (c) detecting BTNL8-expressing Tregs in said sample according to claim 1; and (d) quantifying the BTNL8-expressing Tregs, wherein an increase in the number of BTNL8-expressing Tregs after said administering (a) indicates that the treatment is effective. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said cell-based composition is administered intravenously by injection or infusion. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein said subject is receiving or has received an organ, tissue, or cell transplant, said treatment of said immunological disease or condition is to suppress transplant rejection or prolong transplant survival in said subject. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said cell-based composition is administered to said subject at least twice before receiving said transplant. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein said cell-based composition is administered to said subject within 72 hours after receiving said transplant. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein said immunological disease or condition is an autoimmune disease or a chronic inflammatory disease. | 1,600 |
345,342 | 16,643,230 | 1,644 | A plastic optical fiber including a first cladding; a first core forming a first sea portion inside the first cladding; and a first island portion formed inside the first core with at least an outer periphery having a lower refractive index than the first sea portion, wherein the first core includes a polymethyl methacrylate-based resin. | 1. A plastic optical fiber comprising:
a first cladding; a first core forming a first sea portion inside the first cladding; and a first island portion formed inside the first core with at least an outer periphery having a lower refractive index than the first sea portion, wherein the first core comprises a polymethyl methacrylate-based resin. 2. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of the first island portions. 3. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the first island portion has a second cladding and a second core forming a second sea portion inside the second cladding. 4. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 3, further comprising a second island portion inside the second core. 5. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 4, wherein the second island portion has a structure in which one or more claddings and one or more cores are alternately formed in this order toward an inner direction. 6. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein when the plastic optical fiber comprises a plurality of cores, the respective cores constituting the optical fiber are formed of the same material. 7. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein a total of cross-sectional areas of the cores constituting the optical fiber accounts for 50% or more of an entire cross-sectional area of the optical fiber. 8. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein when the plastic optical fiber comprises a plurality of claddings, the respective claddings constituting the optical fiber are formed of the same material. 9. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the claddings constituting the optical fiber is a fluororesin. 10. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, comprising a layer having a lower refractive index than the first cladding, outside the first cladding. 11. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, for use in distorted wiring. 12. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, for use in multi-coupled wiring. 13. A plastic optical fiber cable comprising:
the plastic optical fiber according to claim 1; and a resin coating the plastic optical fiber. 14. A connector-attached plastic optical fiber cable comprising:
the plastic optical fiber cable according to claim 13; and connectors attached to both ends of the plastic optical fiber cable. 15. The connector-attached plastic optical fiber cable according to claim 14, wherein the connectors are attached to the plastic optical fiber cable in a welded state. 16. An optical communication system comprising the plastic optical fiber according to claim 1. 17. The optical communication system according to claim 16, wherein the plastic optical fiber cable has a plurality of cores, and light passing through the cores comes from a same light source. 18. A plastic optical fiber sensor comprising the plastic optical fiber according to claim 1. | A plastic optical fiber including a first cladding; a first core forming a first sea portion inside the first cladding; and a first island portion formed inside the first core with at least an outer periphery having a lower refractive index than the first sea portion, wherein the first core includes a polymethyl methacrylate-based resin.1. A plastic optical fiber comprising:
a first cladding; a first core forming a first sea portion inside the first cladding; and a first island portion formed inside the first core with at least an outer periphery having a lower refractive index than the first sea portion, wherein the first core comprises a polymethyl methacrylate-based resin. 2. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of the first island portions. 3. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the first island portion has a second cladding and a second core forming a second sea portion inside the second cladding. 4. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 3, further comprising a second island portion inside the second core. 5. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 4, wherein the second island portion has a structure in which one or more claddings and one or more cores are alternately formed in this order toward an inner direction. 6. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein when the plastic optical fiber comprises a plurality of cores, the respective cores constituting the optical fiber are formed of the same material. 7. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein a total of cross-sectional areas of the cores constituting the optical fiber accounts for 50% or more of an entire cross-sectional area of the optical fiber. 8. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein when the plastic optical fiber comprises a plurality of claddings, the respective claddings constituting the optical fiber are formed of the same material. 9. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the claddings constituting the optical fiber is a fluororesin. 10. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, comprising a layer having a lower refractive index than the first cladding, outside the first cladding. 11. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, for use in distorted wiring. 12. The plastic optical fiber according to claim 1, for use in multi-coupled wiring. 13. A plastic optical fiber cable comprising:
the plastic optical fiber according to claim 1; and a resin coating the plastic optical fiber. 14. A connector-attached plastic optical fiber cable comprising:
the plastic optical fiber cable according to claim 13; and connectors attached to both ends of the plastic optical fiber cable. 15. The connector-attached plastic optical fiber cable according to claim 14, wherein the connectors are attached to the plastic optical fiber cable in a welded state. 16. An optical communication system comprising the plastic optical fiber according to claim 1. 17. The optical communication system according to claim 16, wherein the plastic optical fiber cable has a plurality of cores, and light passing through the cores comes from a same light source. 18. A plastic optical fiber sensor comprising the plastic optical fiber according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,343 | 16,643,218 | 1,644 | Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to miniature insulin patch pump, assistance devices (e.g., for reservoir filling and/or cannula insertion), and methods related thereto. For example, in some embodiments, a substance/drug-delivery patch pump is provided and includes a reusable part (RP) including a power source, a driving mechanism, and an electronic module, and a disposable part (DP), where the disposable part can include at least a plurality of an adhesive base, a reservoir, a dosing mechanism, and a cannula. | 1. A patch pump assisting system comprising:
an assisting device including a soft cannula insertion mechanism configured to at least insert a soft cannula in tissue, the device including:
a housing;
an first exit port septum configured within a cup opening;
an exit port well; and
an second exit port septum;
and a soft cannula having a lumen, and a rigid cannula having a lumen, wherein:
the soft cannula and rigid cannula each include at least one lateral opening along a length thereof;
the housing is configured for placement on the skin of a user for cannula insertion;
prior to insertion, the rigid cannula is positioned within the soft cannula with both cannulas initially traversing the cup septum, and the distal ends of the soft cannula and rigid cannula are positioned within the exit port well;
immediately after insertion, the distal ends of the rigid cannula and soft cannula are positioned within and/or below the skin of a user, and corresponding lateral openings thereof are positioned within the well,
and
the rigid cannula is configured for removal from the soft cannula by retraction of the assistance device from the skin tissue of the user. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the assisting device includes a cannula bending spring. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein energy stored in the cannula bending spring is released upon separation of at least one of the assisting device from a drug delivery system. 4. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the energy released by the cannula bending spring moves the rigid cannula from a first position to a second position. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein in the first position is approximately orthogonal relative to a side or portion of the housing, and the second position is approximately parallel to the side or portion of the housing. 6. The system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the device further comprises at least one of the following: a trigger, an inserter spring, an inserter hammer, a cup, and a cup septum, wherein the cup is configured to fit within the cup opening. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises:
a trigger, an inserter spring, an inserter hammer, a cup, and a cup septum, wherein the cup is configured to fit within the cup opening. 8. The system of any of claims 2-7, wherein the lateral opening of the soft cannula is aligned with the lateral opening of the rigid cannula. 9. The system of claims 1, wherein the lateral opening of the soft cannula is aligned with the lateral opening of the rigid cannula. 10. The system of claim 6 or 7, wherein a first end of the rigid cannula is rigidly connected to the inserter hammer. 11. The system of any of claim 6, 7 or 10, wherein a first end of the soft cannula includes a stopper configured to prevent the soft cannula from moving out of an end of the cup. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein a first end of the soft cannula includes a stopper configured to prevent the soft cannula from moving out of an end of the cup. 13. The system of claims 11-12, wherein the stopper is integral with the soft cannula. 14. The system of any of claims 6-13, wherein the cup septum is configured to seal the interior of the cup. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the cup opening is integral with the housing. 16. The system of any of claim 6 or 7, wherein the cup septum is configured to seal the interior of the cup. 17. The system of any of claims 2-16, wherein a sharp end of the rigid cannula protrudes beyond an end of the soft cannula. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein a sharp end of the rigid cannula protrudes beyond an end of the soft cannula. 19. The system of claim 17 or 18, wherein the sharp end of the rigid cannula and the end of the soft cannula reside at least initially in the exit port well. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein, at least initially, the rigid cannula and the soft cannula traverse the second exit port septum. 21. The system of any of claims 6-20, wherein at least initially, the inserter spring is configured with potential energy. 22. The system of claim 6 or 7, wherein at least initially, the inserter spring is configured with potential energy. 23. The system of any of claims 3-19, wherein the cannula bending spring is configured with potential energy. 24. The system of claim 2, wherein the cannula bending spring is configured with potential energy. 25. The system of claim 23 or 24, wherein the cannula bending spring is prevented from bending towards the cannulas by a side of the patch pump. 26. The system of any of claims 2-25, wherein the assisting device is configured with a reusable part and a disposable part. 27. The system of claim 1, wherein the assisting device is configured with a reusable part and a disposable part. 28. The system of any of claims 2-27, further comprising a reservoir filling mechanism configured to fill a reservoir of the patch pump with a substance. 29. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reservoir filling mechanism configured to fill a reservoir of the patch pump with a substance. 30. The system of any of claims 2-29, wherein at least one end of the rigid and the soft cannulas are sealed. 31. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one end of the rigid and the soft cannulas are sealed. 32. The system of claim 30 or 31, wherein an end of the soft cannula establishes a seal with the rigid cannula such that, insulin or substance being dispensed can only flow out of the exit port well during priming via the lateral openings. 33. The system of any of claims 1-32, wherein:
the system includes an adhesive configured to adhere the device to the skin of a user, and the soft cannula insertion mechanism is configured to place a tip of the soft cannula within or under the skin. 34. A drug delivery patch-pump system comprising:
a drug-delivery patch pump including a reservoir; a doser device; and the assisting device or assisting system according to any of claims 1-33, wherein:
upon filing the reservoir, the pump is configured for priming via the doser, such that, fluid is pumped through an exit port conduit into a filling port well, through the lumen of the rigid cannula, and out the lateral openings of each cannula. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the pump is configured for continued priming until at least one of:
substantially any and all air exits the doser and/or reservoir, and the drug being delivered begins to flow from the lateral openings of the cannulas. 36. A method for inserting a soft cannula for a drug delivery system into the tissue of a user, comprising:
triggering a trigger of a cannula insertion mechanism such that one or more safety catches release energy stored in an inserter spring of the inserter mechanism such that:
an inserter hammer of the inserter mechanism is driven in a first direction,
a cup, a cup opening, a cup septum, a rigid cannula and a soft cannula of the inserter mechanism move towards a patient's skin; and
a tip of a rigid cannula punctures the skin establishing a path for a soft cannula;
upon an end of the cup residing on an end of cup septum, the cup placed in the cup opening, and lateral openings of the rigid and the soft cannulas being in fluid communication with an exit port well, and corresponding ends of the rigid cannula and the soft cannula are under the patient's skin, the assisting device is removed while removing the rigid cannula from the lumen of the soft cannula. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the energy stored in a cannula bending spring is released upon separation of the assistance device and the drug delivery system. 38. The method of claim 36 or 37, further comprising providing one and/or another of the devices or systems of claims 1-35. | Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to miniature insulin patch pump, assistance devices (e.g., for reservoir filling and/or cannula insertion), and methods related thereto. For example, in some embodiments, a substance/drug-delivery patch pump is provided and includes a reusable part (RP) including a power source, a driving mechanism, and an electronic module, and a disposable part (DP), where the disposable part can include at least a plurality of an adhesive base, a reservoir, a dosing mechanism, and a cannula.1. A patch pump assisting system comprising:
an assisting device including a soft cannula insertion mechanism configured to at least insert a soft cannula in tissue, the device including:
a housing;
an first exit port septum configured within a cup opening;
an exit port well; and
an second exit port septum;
and a soft cannula having a lumen, and a rigid cannula having a lumen, wherein:
the soft cannula and rigid cannula each include at least one lateral opening along a length thereof;
the housing is configured for placement on the skin of a user for cannula insertion;
prior to insertion, the rigid cannula is positioned within the soft cannula with both cannulas initially traversing the cup septum, and the distal ends of the soft cannula and rigid cannula are positioned within the exit port well;
immediately after insertion, the distal ends of the rigid cannula and soft cannula are positioned within and/or below the skin of a user, and corresponding lateral openings thereof are positioned within the well,
and
the rigid cannula is configured for removal from the soft cannula by retraction of the assistance device from the skin tissue of the user. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the assisting device includes a cannula bending spring. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein energy stored in the cannula bending spring is released upon separation of at least one of the assisting device from a drug delivery system. 4. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the energy released by the cannula bending spring moves the rigid cannula from a first position to a second position. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein in the first position is approximately orthogonal relative to a side or portion of the housing, and the second position is approximately parallel to the side or portion of the housing. 6. The system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the device further comprises at least one of the following: a trigger, an inserter spring, an inserter hammer, a cup, and a cup septum, wherein the cup is configured to fit within the cup opening. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises:
a trigger, an inserter spring, an inserter hammer, a cup, and a cup septum, wherein the cup is configured to fit within the cup opening. 8. The system of any of claims 2-7, wherein the lateral opening of the soft cannula is aligned with the lateral opening of the rigid cannula. 9. The system of claims 1, wherein the lateral opening of the soft cannula is aligned with the lateral opening of the rigid cannula. 10. The system of claim 6 or 7, wherein a first end of the rigid cannula is rigidly connected to the inserter hammer. 11. The system of any of claim 6, 7 or 10, wherein a first end of the soft cannula includes a stopper configured to prevent the soft cannula from moving out of an end of the cup. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein a first end of the soft cannula includes a stopper configured to prevent the soft cannula from moving out of an end of the cup. 13. The system of claims 11-12, wherein the stopper is integral with the soft cannula. 14. The system of any of claims 6-13, wherein the cup septum is configured to seal the interior of the cup. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the cup opening is integral with the housing. 16. The system of any of claim 6 or 7, wherein the cup septum is configured to seal the interior of the cup. 17. The system of any of claims 2-16, wherein a sharp end of the rigid cannula protrudes beyond an end of the soft cannula. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein a sharp end of the rigid cannula protrudes beyond an end of the soft cannula. 19. The system of claim 17 or 18, wherein the sharp end of the rigid cannula and the end of the soft cannula reside at least initially in the exit port well. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein, at least initially, the rigid cannula and the soft cannula traverse the second exit port septum. 21. The system of any of claims 6-20, wherein at least initially, the inserter spring is configured with potential energy. 22. The system of claim 6 or 7, wherein at least initially, the inserter spring is configured with potential energy. 23. The system of any of claims 3-19, wherein the cannula bending spring is configured with potential energy. 24. The system of claim 2, wherein the cannula bending spring is configured with potential energy. 25. The system of claim 23 or 24, wherein the cannula bending spring is prevented from bending towards the cannulas by a side of the patch pump. 26. The system of any of claims 2-25, wherein the assisting device is configured with a reusable part and a disposable part. 27. The system of claim 1, wherein the assisting device is configured with a reusable part and a disposable part. 28. The system of any of claims 2-27, further comprising a reservoir filling mechanism configured to fill a reservoir of the patch pump with a substance. 29. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reservoir filling mechanism configured to fill a reservoir of the patch pump with a substance. 30. The system of any of claims 2-29, wherein at least one end of the rigid and the soft cannulas are sealed. 31. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one end of the rigid and the soft cannulas are sealed. 32. The system of claim 30 or 31, wherein an end of the soft cannula establishes a seal with the rigid cannula such that, insulin or substance being dispensed can only flow out of the exit port well during priming via the lateral openings. 33. The system of any of claims 1-32, wherein:
the system includes an adhesive configured to adhere the device to the skin of a user, and the soft cannula insertion mechanism is configured to place a tip of the soft cannula within or under the skin. 34. A drug delivery patch-pump system comprising:
a drug-delivery patch pump including a reservoir; a doser device; and the assisting device or assisting system according to any of claims 1-33, wherein:
upon filing the reservoir, the pump is configured for priming via the doser, such that, fluid is pumped through an exit port conduit into a filling port well, through the lumen of the rigid cannula, and out the lateral openings of each cannula. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the pump is configured for continued priming until at least one of:
substantially any and all air exits the doser and/or reservoir, and the drug being delivered begins to flow from the lateral openings of the cannulas. 36. A method for inserting a soft cannula for a drug delivery system into the tissue of a user, comprising:
triggering a trigger of a cannula insertion mechanism such that one or more safety catches release energy stored in an inserter spring of the inserter mechanism such that:
an inserter hammer of the inserter mechanism is driven in a first direction,
a cup, a cup opening, a cup septum, a rigid cannula and a soft cannula of the inserter mechanism move towards a patient's skin; and
a tip of a rigid cannula punctures the skin establishing a path for a soft cannula;
upon an end of the cup residing on an end of cup septum, the cup placed in the cup opening, and lateral openings of the rigid and the soft cannulas being in fluid communication with an exit port well, and corresponding ends of the rigid cannula and the soft cannula are under the patient's skin, the assisting device is removed while removing the rigid cannula from the lumen of the soft cannula. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the energy stored in a cannula bending spring is released upon separation of the assistance device and the drug delivery system. 38. The method of claim 36 or 37, further comprising providing one and/or another of the devices or systems of claims 1-35. | 1,600 |
345,344 | 16,643,256 | 1,644 | A dynamic mixer for mixing a multi-component material includes a mixing rotor capable of being rotated about an axis of rotation, the mixing rotor having a coupling socket configured at an end thereof. The coupling socket has a reception space configured to receive at least a part of a polygonal shaped coupling plug of a drive shaft to transfer torque from the drive shaft to the mixing rotor. The reception space has an inner length in the direction of the axis of rotation and has an inner surface extending over the inner length and surrounding the axis of rotation. | 1. A dynamic mixer for mixing a multi-component material, the dynamic mixer comprising:
two or more inlets arranged at an inlet end of the dynamic mixer; a mixer outlet that is arranged at an outlet end of the dynamic mixer, with the mixer outlet being oppositely disposed from the two or more inlets; a mixing rotor capable of being rotated about an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, the mixing rotor having a coupling socket disposed at an end thereof, the coupling socket having a reception space configured to receive at least a part of a polygonal shaped coupling plug of a drive shaft, the reception space having an inner length in a direction of the axis of rotation and an inner surface extending over an inner length and surrounding the axis of rotation, the inner surface comprising convex part surfaces that are spaced apart from one another, with the convex part surfaces being formed by projections projecting towards the axis of rotation, and a cross-section of at least some of the projections has at least substantially the same shape and size over at least a part of the inner length of the coupling socket. 2. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1,
wherein a cross-section of at least some of the projections has the same shape and size over at least 20% of the inner length of the coupling socket. 3. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the projections forming the convex part surfaces are arranged in respective rows extending in parallel to the axis of rotation and over the length of the inner surface. 4. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 3,
wherein either at least one projection is present per row. 5. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 3,
wherein a number of the rows of the projections and the convex part surfaces corresponds to a number of side surfaces of the coupling plug having the outer polygonal shape capable of being received in the reception space. 6. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1,
wherein each of the convex part surfaces comprises an at least substantially curved surface. 7. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein each of the convex part surfaces comprises an at least substantially planar surface. 8. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 8,
wherein the at least substantially planar surface adjoins the curved surface of the convex part surface. 9. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 8,
wherein the at least substantially planar surface directly adjoins the curved surface of the convex part surface. 10. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 7,
wherein the convex part surfaces are configured to enable a transfer of torque to the mixing rotor in a predetermined direction of rotation of the mixing rotor, with the at least substantially planar surface being in contact with a first part of a planar surface of the polygonal shaped coupling plug of the drive shaft in the predetermined direction of rotation of the mixing rotor when the coupling socket is rotated in the desired direction of rotation a second part of a planar surface of the polygonal shaped coupling plug of the drive shaft being in contact with a part of a further convex part surface that is not the at least substantially planar surface in a direction of rotation opposite to the predetermined direction of rotation, when the coupling socket is rotated in the direction of rotation opposite to the predetermined direction of rotation, with the second part of the planar surface being arranged directly adjacent to the first part of the planar surface at the other side of an apex of the polygonal shaped coupling plug. 11. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 10,
wherein the space between adjacent convex part surfaces forms a region in which the apex of the polygonal shaped coupling plug of the drive shaft is capable of rotating between a position in which the first part of the planar surface contacts the at least substantially planar surface of one convex part surface and a position in which the second part of the planar surface contacts the part of the further convex part surface that is not the at least substantially planar surface of a directly adjacent convex part surface on introduction of the coupling plug into the reception space. 12. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 11,
wherein the predetermined direction of rotation is a counter-clockwise direction of rotation of the mixing rotor. 13. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the projections of the convex part surfaces have at least substantially the same shape and size in cross-section over 20% to 90% of the inner length of the coupling socket. 14. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
further comprising concave part surfaces, with the concave part surfaces being arranged between adjacent convex part surfaces, and the concave part surfaces have at least substantially the same shape and size over at least a part of the inner length of the coupling socket. 15. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 14,
wherein the concave part surfaces have at least substantially the same shape and size over at least substantially the inner length of the coupling socket. 16. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 14,
wherein the concave part surfaces and the convex part surfaces are arranged in respective rows extending in parallel to the axis of rotation and over the length of the inner surface, with the rows of concave part surfaces not comprising any convex part surfaces and with the rows of convex part surfaces not comprising any concave part surfaces. 17. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 14,
wherein each of the concave part surfaces comprises a part cylindrical surface. 18. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 17,
wherein each of the part cylindrical surfaces is aligned at a common circle, with in the projections being aligned as projecting from the common circle towards the axis of rotation. 19. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 17,
wherein a transition from a respective concave part surface to a respective convex part surface is formed by a curved transition surface. 20. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 19,
wherein a radius of curvature of each curved transition surface is less than a radius of curvature of the curved surface of the convex part surface and is less than a radius of curvature of each of the part cylindrical surfaces of the concave part surface. 21. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 20,
wherein a radius of curvature of a respective curved transition surface is selected in the range of 0.15 to 0.45 mm. 22. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein a radius of curvature of a respective curved surface of the convex part surface is selected in the range of 0.45 mm to 0.75 mm. 23. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 17,
wherein a radius of curvature of a respective part cylindrical surface of the concave part surface is selected in the range of 2 to 4 mm. 24. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 14,
wherein a width of the at least substantially planar surface transverse to the axis of rotation between a transition from one convex part surface to one concave part surface and the next transition from the concave part surface to the adjacent convex part surface is selected in the range of 0.8 to 3 mm. 25. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein the length of at least one of the convex part surfaces, the concave part surfaces and the at least substantially planar surface of a convex part surface in parallel to the axis of rotation is selected in the range of 3 to 20 mm. 26. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein a maximum internal diameter of the inner surface is selected in the range of 4.5 to 7.5 mm. 27. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein the inner length of the coupling socket is selected in the range of 5 to 20 mm. 28. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 18,
wherein a radius of the common circle is selected in the range of 3 to 10 mm. 29. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 24,
wherein a spacing between adjacent transitions is selected in the range of 1 to 3 mm. 30. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1, wherein the reception space is configured to receive at least a part of the polygonal shaped coupling plug of the drive shaft to transfer torque from the drive shaft to the mixing rotor. 31. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least some of the projections has at least substantially the same shape, height and length over at least a part of the inner length of the coupling socket. 32. An automatic mixing unit, the automatic mixing unit comprising:
a cartridge receptacle for a multi-component cartridge; a connection region for a dynamic mixer; a dynamic mixer having a mixing rotor extending between an inlet end and an outlet end of the dynamic mixer, two or more inlets arranged at the inlet end of the dynamic mixer, and a mixer outlet arranged at the outlet end of the dynamic mixer, with the mixer outlet being oppositely disposed of the two or more inlets; and a drive shaft configured to drive the mixing rotor of the dynamic mixer, the mixing rotor comprising a coupling element and the drive shaft comprising a coupling member, one of the coupling member and the coupling element having a coupling plug and the other one of the coupling member and the coupling element having a coupling socket; wherein the coupling plug having an outer polygonal shape, the coupling socket comprising a reception space configured to receive at least a part of the polygonal shaped coupling plug and the reception space having an inner length in a direction of the axis of rotation (A) and an inner surface extending over the inner length and surrounding the axis of rotation, the inner surface formed by a series of convex part surfaces spaced apart from one another, with the convex part surfaces being formed by projections projecting towards the axis of rotation, and a cross-section of at least some of the projections having at least substantially the same shape and size over at least a part of the inner length of the coupling socket. 33. The automatic mixing unit in accordance with claim 32,
wherein a cross-section of at least some of the projections has the same shape and size over at least 5% of the inner length of the coupling socket. 34. A method of installing and driving the dynamic mixer of the automatic mixing unit in accordance with claim 32, the method comprising:
Inserting at least part of the coupling plug into the reception space of the coupling socket; and subsequently driving the mixing rotor in a predetermined direction of rotation by the drive shaft of the automatic mixing unit while the coupling plug engages the projections of the coupling socket. | A dynamic mixer for mixing a multi-component material includes a mixing rotor capable of being rotated about an axis of rotation, the mixing rotor having a coupling socket configured at an end thereof. The coupling socket has a reception space configured to receive at least a part of a polygonal shaped coupling plug of a drive shaft to transfer torque from the drive shaft to the mixing rotor. The reception space has an inner length in the direction of the axis of rotation and has an inner surface extending over the inner length and surrounding the axis of rotation.1. A dynamic mixer for mixing a multi-component material, the dynamic mixer comprising:
two or more inlets arranged at an inlet end of the dynamic mixer; a mixer outlet that is arranged at an outlet end of the dynamic mixer, with the mixer outlet being oppositely disposed from the two or more inlets; a mixing rotor capable of being rotated about an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, the mixing rotor having a coupling socket disposed at an end thereof, the coupling socket having a reception space configured to receive at least a part of a polygonal shaped coupling plug of a drive shaft, the reception space having an inner length in a direction of the axis of rotation and an inner surface extending over an inner length and surrounding the axis of rotation, the inner surface comprising convex part surfaces that are spaced apart from one another, with the convex part surfaces being formed by projections projecting towards the axis of rotation, and a cross-section of at least some of the projections has at least substantially the same shape and size over at least a part of the inner length of the coupling socket. 2. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1,
wherein a cross-section of at least some of the projections has the same shape and size over at least 20% of the inner length of the coupling socket. 3. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the projections forming the convex part surfaces are arranged in respective rows extending in parallel to the axis of rotation and over the length of the inner surface. 4. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 3,
wherein either at least one projection is present per row. 5. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 3,
wherein a number of the rows of the projections and the convex part surfaces corresponds to a number of side surfaces of the coupling plug having the outer polygonal shape capable of being received in the reception space. 6. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1,
wherein each of the convex part surfaces comprises an at least substantially curved surface. 7. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein each of the convex part surfaces comprises an at least substantially planar surface. 8. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 8,
wherein the at least substantially planar surface adjoins the curved surface of the convex part surface. 9. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 8,
wherein the at least substantially planar surface directly adjoins the curved surface of the convex part surface. 10. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 7,
wherein the convex part surfaces are configured to enable a transfer of torque to the mixing rotor in a predetermined direction of rotation of the mixing rotor, with the at least substantially planar surface being in contact with a first part of a planar surface of the polygonal shaped coupling plug of the drive shaft in the predetermined direction of rotation of the mixing rotor when the coupling socket is rotated in the desired direction of rotation a second part of a planar surface of the polygonal shaped coupling plug of the drive shaft being in contact with a part of a further convex part surface that is not the at least substantially planar surface in a direction of rotation opposite to the predetermined direction of rotation, when the coupling socket is rotated in the direction of rotation opposite to the predetermined direction of rotation, with the second part of the planar surface being arranged directly adjacent to the first part of the planar surface at the other side of an apex of the polygonal shaped coupling plug. 11. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 10,
wherein the space between adjacent convex part surfaces forms a region in which the apex of the polygonal shaped coupling plug of the drive shaft is capable of rotating between a position in which the first part of the planar surface contacts the at least substantially planar surface of one convex part surface and a position in which the second part of the planar surface contacts the part of the further convex part surface that is not the at least substantially planar surface of a directly adjacent convex part surface on introduction of the coupling plug into the reception space. 12. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 11,
wherein the predetermined direction of rotation is a counter-clockwise direction of rotation of the mixing rotor. 13. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the projections of the convex part surfaces have at least substantially the same shape and size in cross-section over 20% to 90% of the inner length of the coupling socket. 14. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
further comprising concave part surfaces, with the concave part surfaces being arranged between adjacent convex part surfaces, and the concave part surfaces have at least substantially the same shape and size over at least a part of the inner length of the coupling socket. 15. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 14,
wherein the concave part surfaces have at least substantially the same shape and size over at least substantially the inner length of the coupling socket. 16. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 14,
wherein the concave part surfaces and the convex part surfaces are arranged in respective rows extending in parallel to the axis of rotation and over the length of the inner surface, with the rows of concave part surfaces not comprising any convex part surfaces and with the rows of convex part surfaces not comprising any concave part surfaces. 17. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 14,
wherein each of the concave part surfaces comprises a part cylindrical surface. 18. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 17,
wherein each of the part cylindrical surfaces is aligned at a common circle, with in the projections being aligned as projecting from the common circle towards the axis of rotation. 19. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 17,
wherein a transition from a respective concave part surface to a respective convex part surface is formed by a curved transition surface. 20. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 19,
wherein a radius of curvature of each curved transition surface is less than a radius of curvature of the curved surface of the convex part surface and is less than a radius of curvature of each of the part cylindrical surfaces of the concave part surface. 21. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 20,
wherein a radius of curvature of a respective curved transition surface is selected in the range of 0.15 to 0.45 mm. 22. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein a radius of curvature of a respective curved surface of the convex part surface is selected in the range of 0.45 mm to 0.75 mm. 23. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 17,
wherein a radius of curvature of a respective part cylindrical surface of the concave part surface is selected in the range of 2 to 4 mm. 24. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 14,
wherein a width of the at least substantially planar surface transverse to the axis of rotation between a transition from one convex part surface to one concave part surface and the next transition from the concave part surface to the adjacent convex part surface is selected in the range of 0.8 to 3 mm. 25. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein the length of at least one of the convex part surfaces, the concave part surfaces and the at least substantially planar surface of a convex part surface in parallel to the axis of rotation is selected in the range of 3 to 20 mm. 26. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein a maximum internal diameter of the inner surface is selected in the range of 4.5 to 7.5 mm. 27. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 6,
wherein the inner length of the coupling socket is selected in the range of 5 to 20 mm. 28. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 18,
wherein a radius of the common circle is selected in the range of 3 to 10 mm. 29. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 24,
wherein a spacing between adjacent transitions is selected in the range of 1 to 3 mm. 30. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1, wherein the reception space is configured to receive at least a part of the polygonal shaped coupling plug of the drive shaft to transfer torque from the drive shaft to the mixing rotor. 31. The dynamic mixer in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least some of the projections has at least substantially the same shape, height and length over at least a part of the inner length of the coupling socket. 32. An automatic mixing unit, the automatic mixing unit comprising:
a cartridge receptacle for a multi-component cartridge; a connection region for a dynamic mixer; a dynamic mixer having a mixing rotor extending between an inlet end and an outlet end of the dynamic mixer, two or more inlets arranged at the inlet end of the dynamic mixer, and a mixer outlet arranged at the outlet end of the dynamic mixer, with the mixer outlet being oppositely disposed of the two or more inlets; and a drive shaft configured to drive the mixing rotor of the dynamic mixer, the mixing rotor comprising a coupling element and the drive shaft comprising a coupling member, one of the coupling member and the coupling element having a coupling plug and the other one of the coupling member and the coupling element having a coupling socket; wherein the coupling plug having an outer polygonal shape, the coupling socket comprising a reception space configured to receive at least a part of the polygonal shaped coupling plug and the reception space having an inner length in a direction of the axis of rotation (A) and an inner surface extending over the inner length and surrounding the axis of rotation, the inner surface formed by a series of convex part surfaces spaced apart from one another, with the convex part surfaces being formed by projections projecting towards the axis of rotation, and a cross-section of at least some of the projections having at least substantially the same shape and size over at least a part of the inner length of the coupling socket. 33. The automatic mixing unit in accordance with claim 32,
wherein a cross-section of at least some of the projections has the same shape and size over at least 5% of the inner length of the coupling socket. 34. A method of installing and driving the dynamic mixer of the automatic mixing unit in accordance with claim 32, the method comprising:
Inserting at least part of the coupling plug into the reception space of the coupling socket; and subsequently driving the mixing rotor in a predetermined direction of rotation by the drive shaft of the automatic mixing unit while the coupling plug engages the projections of the coupling socket. | 1,600 |
345,345 | 16,643,246 | 1,644 | Laminate film structures including an adhesive layer having gas and moisture barrier properties are disclosed. The disclosed laminate film structures comprise films bonded together with an adhesive composition, the adhesive composition having barrier properties, e.g., controlling oxygen and/or water vapor transmission rates. The disclosed laminate film structures comprise films made from polymers and/or metallized polymers whereby the weight, thickness, and/or number of film layers has been reduced by using a barrier adhesive in place of a standard adhesive while still achieving similar barrier properties. Methods for forming laminate structures having a desired barrier performance are also disclosed, the methods comprising determining the desired barrier performance of the laminate structure, selecting a barrier adhesive, selecting two or more film layers, including at least a first film layer and a second film layer, applying the barrier adhesive on a surface of the first film layer, and bringing a surface of the second film layer into contact with the barrier adhesive applied on the surface of the first film layer, thereby forming the laminate structure having a desired barrier performance. | 1. A laminate film structure suitable for use in a flexible packaging, comprising:
a film layer; and a barrier adhesive layer disposed on a surface of the film layer, wherein the laminate film structure has an oxygen transmission rate not greater than 20 ccO2/m2/day, measured according to ASTM Method D3985. 2. The laminate film structure of claim 1, wherein the first film layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polystyrene, and polyvinyl dichloride. 3. The laminate film structure of claim 1, wherein the second film layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polystyrene, and polyvinyl dichloride. 4. The laminate film structure of claim 1, wherein the laminate structure does not include a metallized film layer. 5. The laminate film structure of claim 1, wherein the barrier adhesive layer comprises an adhesive comprising:
an isocyanate component comprising a single species of polyisocyanate; and an isocyanate-reactive component comprising a hydroxyl-terminated polyester incorporated as substantially-miscible solids in a carrier solvent, the polyester formed from a single species of a linear aliphatic diol having terminal hydroxyl groups and from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and a linear dicarboxylic acid, the polyester having a number average molecular weight from 300 to 5,000 and being solid at 25° C., and having a melting point of 80° C. or below. 6. An article comprising the laminate film structure of claim 1. 7. A method of forming a laminate structure having a desired barrier performance, the method comprising:
determining the desired barrier performance of the laminate structure; selecting a barrier adhesive; selecting two or more film layers, including at least a first film layer and a second film layer; applying the barrier adhesive on a surface of the first film layer; and bringing a surface of the second film layer into contact with the barrier adhesive applied on the surface of the first film layer, thereby forming the laminate structure having a desired barrier performance. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the laminate film structure has a thickness less than the thickness of an existing laminate structure having comparable desired barrier performance. 9. The method of claim 7, where the desired barrier performance is an oxygen transmission rate not greater than 20 ccO2/m2/day, measured according to ASTM Method D3985 10. The method of claim 7, where the desired barrier performance is a water vapor transmission rate not greater than 5 gmH2O/m2/day, measured according to ASTM Method F1249. | Laminate film structures including an adhesive layer having gas and moisture barrier properties are disclosed. The disclosed laminate film structures comprise films bonded together with an adhesive composition, the adhesive composition having barrier properties, e.g., controlling oxygen and/or water vapor transmission rates. The disclosed laminate film structures comprise films made from polymers and/or metallized polymers whereby the weight, thickness, and/or number of film layers has been reduced by using a barrier adhesive in place of a standard adhesive while still achieving similar barrier properties. Methods for forming laminate structures having a desired barrier performance are also disclosed, the methods comprising determining the desired barrier performance of the laminate structure, selecting a barrier adhesive, selecting two or more film layers, including at least a first film layer and a second film layer, applying the barrier adhesive on a surface of the first film layer, and bringing a surface of the second film layer into contact with the barrier adhesive applied on the surface of the first film layer, thereby forming the laminate structure having a desired barrier performance.1. A laminate film structure suitable for use in a flexible packaging, comprising:
a film layer; and a barrier adhesive layer disposed on a surface of the film layer, wherein the laminate film structure has an oxygen transmission rate not greater than 20 ccO2/m2/day, measured according to ASTM Method D3985. 2. The laminate film structure of claim 1, wherein the first film layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polystyrene, and polyvinyl dichloride. 3. The laminate film structure of claim 1, wherein the second film layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polystyrene, and polyvinyl dichloride. 4. The laminate film structure of claim 1, wherein the laminate structure does not include a metallized film layer. 5. The laminate film structure of claim 1, wherein the barrier adhesive layer comprises an adhesive comprising:
an isocyanate component comprising a single species of polyisocyanate; and an isocyanate-reactive component comprising a hydroxyl-terminated polyester incorporated as substantially-miscible solids in a carrier solvent, the polyester formed from a single species of a linear aliphatic diol having terminal hydroxyl groups and from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and a linear dicarboxylic acid, the polyester having a number average molecular weight from 300 to 5,000 and being solid at 25° C., and having a melting point of 80° C. or below. 6. An article comprising the laminate film structure of claim 1. 7. A method of forming a laminate structure having a desired barrier performance, the method comprising:
determining the desired barrier performance of the laminate structure; selecting a barrier adhesive; selecting two or more film layers, including at least a first film layer and a second film layer; applying the barrier adhesive on a surface of the first film layer; and bringing a surface of the second film layer into contact with the barrier adhesive applied on the surface of the first film layer, thereby forming the laminate structure having a desired barrier performance. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the laminate film structure has a thickness less than the thickness of an existing laminate structure having comparable desired barrier performance. 9. The method of claim 7, where the desired barrier performance is an oxygen transmission rate not greater than 20 ccO2/m2/day, measured according to ASTM Method D3985 10. The method of claim 7, where the desired barrier performance is a water vapor transmission rate not greater than 5 gmH2O/m2/day, measured according to ASTM Method F1249. | 1,600 |
345,346 | 16,643,223 | 1,644 | An article conveying equipment includes: a carrying apparatus (1), configured to carry one or more articles to be transported; a communication apparatus (3), configured to learn a height of a receiving end of a transferring apparatus matched with the article conveying equipment; and a height adjusting apparatus (2), when the article conveying equipment approaches the transferring apparatus, the height adjusting apparatus is configured to adjust the height of the carrying apparatus to the height matched with receiving end of the transferring apparatus. | 1. An article conveying equipment, comprising:
a carrying apparatus, configured to carry one or more articles to be transported; a communication apparatus, configured to learn a height of a receiving end of a transferring apparatus matched with the article conveying equipment; and a height adjusting apparatus, wherein the height adjusting apparatus is configured to adjust the height of the carrying apparatus to the height matched with the receiving end of the transferring apparatus when the article conveying equipment approaches the transferring apparatus. 2. The article conveying equipment according to claim 1, wherein the one or more articles to be transported is provided with path information, the article conveying equipment further comprises a conveying information acquisition apparatus configured to acquire the path information of the one or more articles to be transported; or the article conveying equipment is configured to acquire the path information of the one or more articles to be transported by inquiring a server, the path information of one or more articles to be transported is acquired by the conveying information acquisition apparatus on a feeding end and transmitted to the server. 3. The article conveying equipment according to claim 2, wherein the transferring apparatus is provided with an identity (ID) label, wherein the ID label is matched with the path information of the one or more articles to be transported. 4. The article conveying equipment according to claim 3, wherein the article conveying equipment is configured to acquire the path information of the article being conveyed in a current task, and determine the transferring apparatus matched with the current task based on the path information of the article being conveyed in the current task. 5. The article conveying equipment according to claim 1, wherein the communication apparatus is further configured to be communicatively connected to a scheduling server, and acquire and learn information about the height of the receiving end of the transferring apparatus by the scheduling server; or
a height database is disposed inside the communication apparatus, the communication apparatus is configured to acquire and learn the information about the height of the receiving end of the transferring apparatus by inquiring the height database. 6. The article conveying equipment according to claim 5, wherein the communication apparatus is further configured to acquire travelling information of other article conveying equipments by the scheduling server, and determine, based on the travelling information, whether or not to adjust a travelling route of the article conveying equipment. 7-10. (canceled) 11. The article conveying equipment according to claim 1, wherein an article transporting apparatus is disposed on the carrying apparatus, and the one or more articles to be transported is located on the article transporting apparatus, the article transporting apparatus is configured to transport the one or more articles to be transported to a designated destination;
wherein the article transporting apparatus comprises any one of a conveyer belt, a roller, a cross belt and a turning panel. 12. (canceled) 13. An article conveying equipment, comprising:
a carrying apparatus, configured to carry one or more articles to be transported; a travelling apparatus, wherein the travelling apparatus comprises at least two driving wheels located at the bottom of the travelling apparatus, the at least two driving wheels control the travelling apparatus to rotate in a first rotation direction; and a rotation supporting apparatus, which is located between the carrying apparatus and the travelling apparatus and connected to the carrying apparatus and the travelling apparatus respectively, wherein the rotation supporting apparatus is configured to rotate in a direction opposite to the first rotation direction when the travelling apparatus rotates in the first rotation direction. 14. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein when the travelling apparatus rotates in the first rotation direction, the rotation supporting apparatus is configured to rotate at a constant speed in the direction opposite to the first rotation direction. 15. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein the carrying apparatus is provided with a first recess portion at which the rotation supporting apparatus is mounted. 16. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein the travelling apparatus is provided with a second recess portion at which the rotation supporting apparatus is mounted. 17. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein the carrying apparatus is provided with an article transporting apparatus on which the one or more articles to be transported is located, the article transporting apparatus is configured to transport the one or more articles to be transported to a designated destination;
wherein the article transporting apparatus comprises any one of a conveyer belt, a roller, a cross belt and a turning panel. 18. (canceled) 19. The article conveying equipment according to claim 17, wherein the carrying apparatus is further provided with a sensing apparatus, which is configured to measure a position of the one or more articles to be transported on the carrying apparatus. 20. The article conveying equipment according to claim 19, wherein the carrying apparatus controls, based on position data of the article to be transported on the carrying apparatus measured by the sensing apparatus, the article transporting apparatus to move the article to be transported to a central position of the carrying apparatus. 21. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein a total number of driving wheels of the travelling apparatus is two;
wherein the travelling apparatus is configured to control the two driving wheels to run at a same speed in a same direction, so that the article transporting apparatus moves in straight line direction; or configured to control the two driving wheels to operate at a same speed in an opposite direction, so that the article transporting apparatus rotates in situ. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein the rotation supporting apparatus further comprises a retractable support rod, which is configured to control a height of the carrying apparatus. 25. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein a projection of the travelling apparatus in a vertical direction is within the projection of the carrying apparatus in the vertical direction. 26. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein a projection of the rotation supporting apparatus in a vertical direction is within the projection of the carrying apparatus in the vertical direction. 27. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein a projection of the rotation supporting apparatus in a vertical direction is within the projection of the travelling apparatus in the vertical direction. | An article conveying equipment includes: a carrying apparatus (1), configured to carry one or more articles to be transported; a communication apparatus (3), configured to learn a height of a receiving end of a transferring apparatus matched with the article conveying equipment; and a height adjusting apparatus (2), when the article conveying equipment approaches the transferring apparatus, the height adjusting apparatus is configured to adjust the height of the carrying apparatus to the height matched with receiving end of the transferring apparatus.1. An article conveying equipment, comprising:
a carrying apparatus, configured to carry one or more articles to be transported; a communication apparatus, configured to learn a height of a receiving end of a transferring apparatus matched with the article conveying equipment; and a height adjusting apparatus, wherein the height adjusting apparatus is configured to adjust the height of the carrying apparatus to the height matched with the receiving end of the transferring apparatus when the article conveying equipment approaches the transferring apparatus. 2. The article conveying equipment according to claim 1, wherein the one or more articles to be transported is provided with path information, the article conveying equipment further comprises a conveying information acquisition apparatus configured to acquire the path information of the one or more articles to be transported; or the article conveying equipment is configured to acquire the path information of the one or more articles to be transported by inquiring a server, the path information of one or more articles to be transported is acquired by the conveying information acquisition apparatus on a feeding end and transmitted to the server. 3. The article conveying equipment according to claim 2, wherein the transferring apparatus is provided with an identity (ID) label, wherein the ID label is matched with the path information of the one or more articles to be transported. 4. The article conveying equipment according to claim 3, wherein the article conveying equipment is configured to acquire the path information of the article being conveyed in a current task, and determine the transferring apparatus matched with the current task based on the path information of the article being conveyed in the current task. 5. The article conveying equipment according to claim 1, wherein the communication apparatus is further configured to be communicatively connected to a scheduling server, and acquire and learn information about the height of the receiving end of the transferring apparatus by the scheduling server; or
a height database is disposed inside the communication apparatus, the communication apparatus is configured to acquire and learn the information about the height of the receiving end of the transferring apparatus by inquiring the height database. 6. The article conveying equipment according to claim 5, wherein the communication apparatus is further configured to acquire travelling information of other article conveying equipments by the scheduling server, and determine, based on the travelling information, whether or not to adjust a travelling route of the article conveying equipment. 7-10. (canceled) 11. The article conveying equipment according to claim 1, wherein an article transporting apparatus is disposed on the carrying apparatus, and the one or more articles to be transported is located on the article transporting apparatus, the article transporting apparatus is configured to transport the one or more articles to be transported to a designated destination;
wherein the article transporting apparatus comprises any one of a conveyer belt, a roller, a cross belt and a turning panel. 12. (canceled) 13. An article conveying equipment, comprising:
a carrying apparatus, configured to carry one or more articles to be transported; a travelling apparatus, wherein the travelling apparatus comprises at least two driving wheels located at the bottom of the travelling apparatus, the at least two driving wheels control the travelling apparatus to rotate in a first rotation direction; and a rotation supporting apparatus, which is located between the carrying apparatus and the travelling apparatus and connected to the carrying apparatus and the travelling apparatus respectively, wherein the rotation supporting apparatus is configured to rotate in a direction opposite to the first rotation direction when the travelling apparatus rotates in the first rotation direction. 14. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein when the travelling apparatus rotates in the first rotation direction, the rotation supporting apparatus is configured to rotate at a constant speed in the direction opposite to the first rotation direction. 15. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein the carrying apparatus is provided with a first recess portion at which the rotation supporting apparatus is mounted. 16. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein the travelling apparatus is provided with a second recess portion at which the rotation supporting apparatus is mounted. 17. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein the carrying apparatus is provided with an article transporting apparatus on which the one or more articles to be transported is located, the article transporting apparatus is configured to transport the one or more articles to be transported to a designated destination;
wherein the article transporting apparatus comprises any one of a conveyer belt, a roller, a cross belt and a turning panel. 18. (canceled) 19. The article conveying equipment according to claim 17, wherein the carrying apparatus is further provided with a sensing apparatus, which is configured to measure a position of the one or more articles to be transported on the carrying apparatus. 20. The article conveying equipment according to claim 19, wherein the carrying apparatus controls, based on position data of the article to be transported on the carrying apparatus measured by the sensing apparatus, the article transporting apparatus to move the article to be transported to a central position of the carrying apparatus. 21. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein a total number of driving wheels of the travelling apparatus is two;
wherein the travelling apparatus is configured to control the two driving wheels to run at a same speed in a same direction, so that the article transporting apparatus moves in straight line direction; or configured to control the two driving wheels to operate at a same speed in an opposite direction, so that the article transporting apparatus rotates in situ. 22-23. (canceled) 24. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein the rotation supporting apparatus further comprises a retractable support rod, which is configured to control a height of the carrying apparatus. 25. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein a projection of the travelling apparatus in a vertical direction is within the projection of the carrying apparatus in the vertical direction. 26. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein a projection of the rotation supporting apparatus in a vertical direction is within the projection of the carrying apparatus in the vertical direction. 27. The article conveying equipment according to claim 13, wherein a projection of the rotation supporting apparatus in a vertical direction is within the projection of the travelling apparatus in the vertical direction. | 1,600 |
345,347 | 16,643,260 | 1,644 | Provided are: a composition that can impart a thermoplastic resin with excellent transparency and physical properties; a thermoplastic resin composition containing the same; and a molded article thereof. The composition contains: (A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) below, wherein R1 to R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and R5 represents an alkylidene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (B) a sodium carboxylate; and (C) a fatty acid metal salt represented by Formula (2) below, wherein R6 represents a group which is introduced to an aliphatic organic acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms and M1 represents lithium or potassium, wherein the following ranges are satisfied in terms of molar ratio: (C)/(B)=0.30 to 5.00, and (A)/{(B)+(C)}=0.15 to 0.70. | 1.-7. (canceled) 8. A composition comprising:
(A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by the following Formula (1): 9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the (B) sodium carboxylate is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sodium aromatic carboxylate, a sodium laurate, a sodium myristate, a sodium palmitate, a sodium stearate, a sodium 12-hydroxystearate, a sodium oleate and a sodium linoleate. 10. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising the composition according to claim 8 such that the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. 11. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin-based resin. 12. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 10. 13. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising a thermoplastic resin and a composition,
wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin resin, and the composition comprising: (A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by the following Formula (1): 14. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 13. 15. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising the composition according to claim 9 such that the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. 16. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 11. | Provided are: a composition that can impart a thermoplastic resin with excellent transparency and physical properties; a thermoplastic resin composition containing the same; and a molded article thereof. The composition contains: (A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) below, wherein R1 to R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and R5 represents an alkylidene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (B) a sodium carboxylate; and (C) a fatty acid metal salt represented by Formula (2) below, wherein R6 represents a group which is introduced to an aliphatic organic acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms and M1 represents lithium or potassium, wherein the following ranges are satisfied in terms of molar ratio: (C)/(B)=0.30 to 5.00, and (A)/{(B)+(C)}=0.15 to 0.70.1.-7. (canceled) 8. A composition comprising:
(A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by the following Formula (1): 9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the (B) sodium carboxylate is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sodium aromatic carboxylate, a sodium laurate, a sodium myristate, a sodium palmitate, a sodium stearate, a sodium 12-hydroxystearate, a sodium oleate and a sodium linoleate. 10. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising the composition according to claim 8 such that the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. 11. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin-based resin. 12. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 10. 13. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising a thermoplastic resin and a composition,
wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin resin, and the composition comprising: (A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by the following Formula (1): 14. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 13. 15. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising the composition according to claim 9 such that the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. 16. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 11. | 1,600 |
345,348 | 16,643,278 | 1,644 | This invention relates to a monolithic molded part comprising multiple cohesive matrices for the simultaneous diffusion of volatile active ingredients, in contact or separately, wherein said multiple matrix is formed by the combination of several simple matrices, characterized in that each of said simple matrices is capable of containing one or more active ingredient(s), each active ingredient having its own release kinetics. | 1. A monolithic molded part comprised of multiple cohesive matrices, having a non-concentric continuous structure, made up of the combination of two to four simple matrices, welded together and obtained by multi-shot molding, wherein each of said single matrices is made of thermoplastic polymer and contains at least one active ingredient different from the active ingredient contained in a neighboring simple matrix, each of which has its own release kinetics, and wherein all of said active ingredients are released simultaneously at substantially different or substantially similar speeds, so that the sum of the quantities of active ingredients released makes it possible to achieve the desired beneficial effects by synergy, wherein said neighboring single matrices are welded together, side by side or face to face, so that the weld ensures the structural continuity of the monolithic molded part, and wherein said weld, which constitutes the interface between neighboring matrices, consists of the mixture, in molten state, of said thermoplastic polymer forming said matrices, wherein said structural continuity is adapted to the migration of a solvent from at least one active ingredient from one simple matrix to another. 2. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein each of the simple matrices comes from the same thermoplastic polymer family or each of the simple matrices comes from a family of different thermoplastic polymers. 3. (canceled) 4. The monolithic molded part according to claim 2, wherein the solvent, which made the solubilization of the active ingredients possible, is identical from one simple matrix to another or is different from one simple matrix to another. 5. (canceled) 6. The monolithic molded part according to claim 4, wherein the quantity of solvent is different in each of the simple matrices or the quantity of solvent is identical in each of the simple matrices. 7. (canceled) 8. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymers are biodegradable polymers or not, chosen from the group consisting of polyolefins and their derivatives chosen from polyethylenes (PE), polypropylenes (PP), copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), ether block amides (EBA), polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polyamides, copolyamides and their derivatives, polyurethanes and their derivatives, styrenics and their derivatives chosen from among the polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrenes (SEBS) copolymers, polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene (SIS) copolymers, polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene (SBS) copolymers, vulcanized thermoplastics, agropolymers and their derivatives chosen from polysaccharides, starch, cellulose and proteins, polyesters and their derivatives, as well as the mixture of all these polymers. 9. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredients have biocidal effects, well-being and cosmetic effects, therapeutic effects, phytosanitary effects and biocontrol effects. 10. The monolithic molded part according to claim 9, wherein the active ingredients are chosen from insecticides, repellents, pheromones, hormones, attractants, perfumes, essential oils, plant extracts, and pharmaceutical active ingredients. 11. The monolithic molded part according to claim 10, wherein the insecticides are chosen from the group consisting of pyrethroids, pyrethrins, carbamates, formamidines, carboxylic esters, phenylpyrazoles, organophosphorus compounds, organohalogenated compounds, neonicotinoids, avermectins and their derivatives, spinosyn, essential oils and their components. 12. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein it comprises two simple matrices in thermoplastic polymer, the first matrix containing 0.1 to 50% of its weight in an insecticide belonging to the family of pyrethroids while the second simple matrix containing 0.1 to 50% of its weight in active ingredient chosen from pyrethrins, carbamates, formamidines, organophosphorus compounds, organohalogenated compounds, neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazoles, avermectins and their derivatives, spinosyns, perfumes, essential oils, pheromones, hormones, active ingredients with cosmetic effect, pharmaceutical active ingredients, active ingredients with phytosanitary effects or a mixture thereof. 13. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein one of the matrices contains 0.1 to 50% of its weight in repellent, and in that the other matrix contains 0.1 to 50% of its weight in pheromone, hormone, attractant, perfumes, essential oil, plant extract, active ingredient with cosmetic effect, pharmaceutical active ingredient, active ingredient with phytosanitary effect, or a mixture thereof. 14. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein it is in the form of a collar, a bracelet, a strap, a plate, a patch, or a medallion. 15. A method for manufacturing a monolithic molded part in cohesive multiple matrices according to claim 1, for the simultaneous diffusion, of volatile active ingredients, by contact ingredients or both, wherein said multiple matrix is made up of the combination of two to four single matrices welded together, wherein a first homogeneous mixture containing a thermoplastic polymer incorporating a first active ingredient is introduced into a first hopper of an injection molding machine to constitute the first simple matrix, and wherein a second homogenous mixture, containing a second thermoplastic polymer which incorporates a second active ingredient is introduced simultaneously into a second hopper of the same injection molding machine to constitute the second simple matrix, and in that the two simple matrices, each of which contains a different active ingredient, are shaped simultaneously by bi-injection of the two homogeneous mixtures. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein each of the simple matrices is obtained from the same thermoplastic polymer family. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein each of the simple matrices comes from a different thermoplastic polymer family. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein a solvent which enabled the active ingredients to solubilize is identical from one simple matrix to another. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the solvent which have enabled the active ingredients to solubilize, is different from one simple matrix to another 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the quantity of the solvent is different from one simple matrix to another. 21. The method according to claim 18, wherein the quantity of the solvent is identical from one simple matrix to another. 22. The method according to claim 17, wherein the melting point of two neighboring matrices results from families of different polymers, wherein the melting points of said polymers are close, with the differential not exceeding 15° C. | This invention relates to a monolithic molded part comprising multiple cohesive matrices for the simultaneous diffusion of volatile active ingredients, in contact or separately, wherein said multiple matrix is formed by the combination of several simple matrices, characterized in that each of said simple matrices is capable of containing one or more active ingredient(s), each active ingredient having its own release kinetics.1. A monolithic molded part comprised of multiple cohesive matrices, having a non-concentric continuous structure, made up of the combination of two to four simple matrices, welded together and obtained by multi-shot molding, wherein each of said single matrices is made of thermoplastic polymer and contains at least one active ingredient different from the active ingredient contained in a neighboring simple matrix, each of which has its own release kinetics, and wherein all of said active ingredients are released simultaneously at substantially different or substantially similar speeds, so that the sum of the quantities of active ingredients released makes it possible to achieve the desired beneficial effects by synergy, wherein said neighboring single matrices are welded together, side by side or face to face, so that the weld ensures the structural continuity of the monolithic molded part, and wherein said weld, which constitutes the interface between neighboring matrices, consists of the mixture, in molten state, of said thermoplastic polymer forming said matrices, wherein said structural continuity is adapted to the migration of a solvent from at least one active ingredient from one simple matrix to another. 2. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein each of the simple matrices comes from the same thermoplastic polymer family or each of the simple matrices comes from a family of different thermoplastic polymers. 3. (canceled) 4. The monolithic molded part according to claim 2, wherein the solvent, which made the solubilization of the active ingredients possible, is identical from one simple matrix to another or is different from one simple matrix to another. 5. (canceled) 6. The monolithic molded part according to claim 4, wherein the quantity of solvent is different in each of the simple matrices or the quantity of solvent is identical in each of the simple matrices. 7. (canceled) 8. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymers are biodegradable polymers or not, chosen from the group consisting of polyolefins and their derivatives chosen from polyethylenes (PE), polypropylenes (PP), copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), ether block amides (EBA), polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polyamides, copolyamides and their derivatives, polyurethanes and their derivatives, styrenics and their derivatives chosen from among the polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrenes (SEBS) copolymers, polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene (SIS) copolymers, polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene (SBS) copolymers, vulcanized thermoplastics, agropolymers and their derivatives chosen from polysaccharides, starch, cellulose and proteins, polyesters and their derivatives, as well as the mixture of all these polymers. 9. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredients have biocidal effects, well-being and cosmetic effects, therapeutic effects, phytosanitary effects and biocontrol effects. 10. The monolithic molded part according to claim 9, wherein the active ingredients are chosen from insecticides, repellents, pheromones, hormones, attractants, perfumes, essential oils, plant extracts, and pharmaceutical active ingredients. 11. The monolithic molded part according to claim 10, wherein the insecticides are chosen from the group consisting of pyrethroids, pyrethrins, carbamates, formamidines, carboxylic esters, phenylpyrazoles, organophosphorus compounds, organohalogenated compounds, neonicotinoids, avermectins and their derivatives, spinosyn, essential oils and their components. 12. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein it comprises two simple matrices in thermoplastic polymer, the first matrix containing 0.1 to 50% of its weight in an insecticide belonging to the family of pyrethroids while the second simple matrix containing 0.1 to 50% of its weight in active ingredient chosen from pyrethrins, carbamates, formamidines, organophosphorus compounds, organohalogenated compounds, neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazoles, avermectins and their derivatives, spinosyns, perfumes, essential oils, pheromones, hormones, active ingredients with cosmetic effect, pharmaceutical active ingredients, active ingredients with phytosanitary effects or a mixture thereof. 13. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein one of the matrices contains 0.1 to 50% of its weight in repellent, and in that the other matrix contains 0.1 to 50% of its weight in pheromone, hormone, attractant, perfumes, essential oil, plant extract, active ingredient with cosmetic effect, pharmaceutical active ingredient, active ingredient with phytosanitary effect, or a mixture thereof. 14. The monolithic molded part according to claim 1, wherein it is in the form of a collar, a bracelet, a strap, a plate, a patch, or a medallion. 15. A method for manufacturing a monolithic molded part in cohesive multiple matrices according to claim 1, for the simultaneous diffusion, of volatile active ingredients, by contact ingredients or both, wherein said multiple matrix is made up of the combination of two to four single matrices welded together, wherein a first homogeneous mixture containing a thermoplastic polymer incorporating a first active ingredient is introduced into a first hopper of an injection molding machine to constitute the first simple matrix, and wherein a second homogenous mixture, containing a second thermoplastic polymer which incorporates a second active ingredient is introduced simultaneously into a second hopper of the same injection molding machine to constitute the second simple matrix, and in that the two simple matrices, each of which contains a different active ingredient, are shaped simultaneously by bi-injection of the two homogeneous mixtures. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein each of the simple matrices is obtained from the same thermoplastic polymer family. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein each of the simple matrices comes from a different thermoplastic polymer family. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein a solvent which enabled the active ingredients to solubilize is identical from one simple matrix to another. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the solvent which have enabled the active ingredients to solubilize, is different from one simple matrix to another 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the quantity of the solvent is different from one simple matrix to another. 21. The method according to claim 18, wherein the quantity of the solvent is identical from one simple matrix to another. 22. The method according to claim 17, wherein the melting point of two neighboring matrices results from families of different polymers, wherein the melting points of said polymers are close, with the differential not exceeding 15° C. | 1,600 |
345,349 | 16,643,261 | 1,644 | A data transmission method, a chip, a controller, and a display device. The method is applied to a target driving chip in the display device. The display device includes a controller (01), a plurality of driving chips (02), and an in-cell touch display panel (03). The target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips (02). The target driving chip is respectively connected to the controller (01) and the in-cell touch display panel (03). The method includes: receiving state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel, the state data being configured to reflect a working state of the in-cell touch display panel; and sending return data to the controller, the return data including the state data which includes control data. | 1. A data transmission method, which is applied to a target driving chip in a display device, wherein the display device comprises a controller, a plurality of driving chips, and an in-cell touch display panel; the target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips, and is respectively connected to the controller and the in-cell touch display panel; the method comprises:
receiving state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel, the state data being configured to reflect a working state of the in-cell touch display panel and including touch data; and sending return data to the controller, the return data including the state data. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line; and sending the return data to the controller comprises:
sending the return data to the controller through the first differential signal line. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein sending the return data to the controller through the first differential signal line comprises:
sending the return data to the controller through the first differential signal line in a form of a data packet, wherein the data packet comprises a start bit, a data bit, and a stop bit which are arranged in sequence, wherein the start bit is configured to indicate the start of data transmission, the data bit is configured to carry data to be transmitted, and the stop bit is configured to indicate the end of data transmission. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the data packet further comprises: a setup mode bit and a mode setting bit which are arranged in sequence between the start bit and the data bit, and a check bit between the data bit and the stop bit, wherein
the setup mode bit is configured to indicate a mode of a mode setting of the data packet, the mode setting bit is configured to indicate a mode of the data packet, the check bit is configured to perform data check, and the mode of the data packet includes any one of a request mode and a response mode. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the touch data comprises at least one of touch position data and touch pressure data. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the return data further comprises at least one of first indication information, working mode data of the driving chips, and second indication information, wherein
the first indication information is configured to indicate whether the working state of the in-cell touch display panel is abnormal, and the second indication information is configured to indicate whether a working state of the target driving chip is abnormal. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the in-cell touch display panel comprises a sensor; and receiving the state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel comprises:
receiving the touch data and data collected by the sensor. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein prior to sending the return data to the controller, the method further comprises:
performing analog-to-digital conversion of the state data in a form of an analog signal to obtain the state data in a form of a digital signal; and generating the return data, the return data comprising the state data in the form of a digital signal. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line, and the controller is further connected to the target driving chip through a second differential signal line; and the method further comprises:
receiving a control signal sent by the controller through the second differential signal line; and sending the return data to the controller comprises: sending the return data to the controller in real time through the first differential signal line. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the in-cell touch display panel is any one of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, a quantum dot display panel, a micro light-emitting diode display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel which are integrated with a touch function layer;
the target driving chip is any one of a source driving chip and a gate driving chip; and the controller is any one of a timing controller, a system chip SOC, and a micro control unit MCU integrated in the timing controller. 11. A data transmission method, which is applied to a controller in a display device, wherein the display device comprises the controller, a plurality of driving chips, and an in-cell touch display panel; and the method comprises:
receiving return data sent by the target driving chip, the return data comprising state data; wherein the target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips, and the target driving chip is respectively connected to the controller and the in-cell touch display panel; the return data is sent by the target driving chip to the controller after the target driving chip receives the state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel, the state data being configured to reflect a working state of the in-cell touch display panel and including touch data. 12-15. (canceled) 16. A target driving chip, wherein a display device where the target driving chip is located comprises a controller, a plurality of driving chips, and an in-cell touch display panel; the target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips, and is respectively connected to the controller and the in-cell touch display panel; and the target driving chip is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 1. 17-25. (canceled) 26. A controller, wherein a display device where the controller is located further comprises a plurality of driving chips and an in-cell touch display panel; and the controller is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 11. 27-32. (canceled) 33. A display device, comprising a controller, a plurality of driving chips, and an in-cell touch display panel;
wherein a target driving chip in the plurality of driving chips is respectively connected to the controller and the in-cell touch display panel, and the target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips; the target driving chip is configured to: receive state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel, and send return data to the controller; the controller is configured to receive the return data sent by the target driving chip; wherein the state data is configured to reflect a working state of the in-cell touch display panel and including touch data, and the return data comprises the state data. 34-35. (canceled) 36. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions stored therein, wherein
when operating on a processing component of a computer, the instructions cause the processing component to execute the data transmission method according to claim 1. 37. The method according to claim 4, wherein the touch data comprises at least one of touch position data and touch pressure data;
the return data further comprises at least one of first indication information, working mode data of the driving chips, and second indication information, wherein the first indication information is configured to indicate whether the working state of the in-cell touch display panel is abnormal, and the second indication information is configured to indicate whether a working state of the target driving chip is abnormal; the in-cell touch display panel comprises a sensor; and receiving the state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel comprises: receiving the touch data and data collected by the sensor; prior to sending the return data to the controller, the method further comprises: performing analog-to-digital conversion of the state data in a form of an analog signal to obtain the state data in a form of a digital signal; and generating the return data, the return data comprising the state data in the form of a digital signal; the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line, and the controller is further connected to the target driving chip through a second differential signal line; and the method further comprises: receiving a control signal sent by the controller through the second differential signal line; and sending the return data to the controller comprises: sending the return data to the controller in real time through the first differential signal line; the in-cell touch display panel is any one of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, a quantum dot display panel, a micro light-emitting diode display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel which are integrated with a touch function layer; the target driving chip is any one of a source driving chip and a gate driving chip; and the controller is any one of a timing controller, a system chip SOC, and a micro control unit MCU integrated in the timing controller. 38. The method according to claim 11, wherein the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line, and is further connected to the target driving chip through a second differential signal line;
the method further comprises: sending a control signal to the target driving chip through the second differential signal line; and receiving the return data sent by the target driving chip comprises: receiving the return data sent by the target driving chip in real time and transmitted in a form of a data packet through the first differential signal line; wherein the data packet comprises a start bit, a data bit, and a stop bit which are arranged in sequence, wherein the start bit is configured to indicate the start of data transmission, the data bit is configured to carry data to be transmitted, and the stop bit is configured to indicate the end of data transmission; the data packet further comprises: a setup mode bit and a mode setting bit which are arranged in sequence between the start bit and the data bit, and a check bit between the data bit and the stop bit, wherein the setup mode bit is configured to indicate a mode of a mode setting of the data packet, the mode setting bit is configured to indicate a mode of the data packet, the check bit is configured to perform data check, and the mode of the data packet includes any one of a request mode and a response mode. 39. The target driving chip according to claim 16, wherein the target driving chip is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 11. 40. The controller according to claim 26, wherein the controller is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 38. 41. The display device according to claim 33, the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line, and is further connected to the target driving chip through a second differential signal line;
the controller is configured to: send a control signal to the target driving chip through the second differential signal line; the target driving chip is configured to: send the return data transmitted in a form of a data packet to the controller in real time through the first differential signal line; wherein the data packet comprises a start bit, a data bit, and a stop bit which are arranged in sequence, wherein the start bit is configured to indicate the start of data transmission, the data bit is configured to carry data to be transmitted, and the stop bit is configured to indicate the end of data transmission; the data packet further comprises: a setup mode bit and a mode setting bit which are arranged in sequence between the start bit and the data bit, and a check bit between the data bit and the stop bit, wherein the setup mode bit is configured to indicate a mode of a mode setting of the data packet, the mode setting bit is configured to indicate a mode of the data packet, the check bit is configured to perform data check, and the mode of the data packet includes any one of a request mode and a response mode; the touch data comprises at least one of touch position data and touch pressure data; the return data further comprises at least one of first indication information, working mode data of the driving chips, and second indication information, wherein the first indication information is configured to indicate whether the working state of the in-cell touch display panel is abnormal, and the second indication information is configured to indicate whether a working state of the target driving chip is abnormal; the in-cell touch display panel comprises a sensor; and the target driving chip is configured to: receive the touch data and data collected by the sensor; the target driving chip is further configured to: prior to sending the return data to the controller, perform analog-to-digital conversion of the state data in a form of an analog signal to obtain the state data in a form of a digital signal; and generate the return data, the return data comprising the state data in the form of a digital signal; the target driving chip is any one of a source driving chip and a gate driving chip; the in-cell touch display panel is any one of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, a quantum dot display panel, a micro light-emitting diode display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel which are integrated with a touch function layer; and the controller is any one of a timing controller, a system chip SOC, and a micro control unit MCU integrated in the timing controller. | A data transmission method, a chip, a controller, and a display device. The method is applied to a target driving chip in the display device. The display device includes a controller (01), a plurality of driving chips (02), and an in-cell touch display panel (03). The target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips (02). The target driving chip is respectively connected to the controller (01) and the in-cell touch display panel (03). The method includes: receiving state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel, the state data being configured to reflect a working state of the in-cell touch display panel; and sending return data to the controller, the return data including the state data which includes control data.1. A data transmission method, which is applied to a target driving chip in a display device, wherein the display device comprises a controller, a plurality of driving chips, and an in-cell touch display panel; the target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips, and is respectively connected to the controller and the in-cell touch display panel; the method comprises:
receiving state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel, the state data being configured to reflect a working state of the in-cell touch display panel and including touch data; and sending return data to the controller, the return data including the state data. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line; and sending the return data to the controller comprises:
sending the return data to the controller through the first differential signal line. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein sending the return data to the controller through the first differential signal line comprises:
sending the return data to the controller through the first differential signal line in a form of a data packet, wherein the data packet comprises a start bit, a data bit, and a stop bit which are arranged in sequence, wherein the start bit is configured to indicate the start of data transmission, the data bit is configured to carry data to be transmitted, and the stop bit is configured to indicate the end of data transmission. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the data packet further comprises: a setup mode bit and a mode setting bit which are arranged in sequence between the start bit and the data bit, and a check bit between the data bit and the stop bit, wherein
the setup mode bit is configured to indicate a mode of a mode setting of the data packet, the mode setting bit is configured to indicate a mode of the data packet, the check bit is configured to perform data check, and the mode of the data packet includes any one of a request mode and a response mode. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the touch data comprises at least one of touch position data and touch pressure data. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the return data further comprises at least one of first indication information, working mode data of the driving chips, and second indication information, wherein
the first indication information is configured to indicate whether the working state of the in-cell touch display panel is abnormal, and the second indication information is configured to indicate whether a working state of the target driving chip is abnormal. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the in-cell touch display panel comprises a sensor; and receiving the state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel comprises:
receiving the touch data and data collected by the sensor. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein prior to sending the return data to the controller, the method further comprises:
performing analog-to-digital conversion of the state data in a form of an analog signal to obtain the state data in a form of a digital signal; and generating the return data, the return data comprising the state data in the form of a digital signal. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line, and the controller is further connected to the target driving chip through a second differential signal line; and the method further comprises:
receiving a control signal sent by the controller through the second differential signal line; and sending the return data to the controller comprises: sending the return data to the controller in real time through the first differential signal line. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the in-cell touch display panel is any one of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, a quantum dot display panel, a micro light-emitting diode display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel which are integrated with a touch function layer;
the target driving chip is any one of a source driving chip and a gate driving chip; and the controller is any one of a timing controller, a system chip SOC, and a micro control unit MCU integrated in the timing controller. 11. A data transmission method, which is applied to a controller in a display device, wherein the display device comprises the controller, a plurality of driving chips, and an in-cell touch display panel; and the method comprises:
receiving return data sent by the target driving chip, the return data comprising state data; wherein the target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips, and the target driving chip is respectively connected to the controller and the in-cell touch display panel; the return data is sent by the target driving chip to the controller after the target driving chip receives the state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel, the state data being configured to reflect a working state of the in-cell touch display panel and including touch data. 12-15. (canceled) 16. A target driving chip, wherein a display device where the target driving chip is located comprises a controller, a plurality of driving chips, and an in-cell touch display panel; the target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips, and is respectively connected to the controller and the in-cell touch display panel; and the target driving chip is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 1. 17-25. (canceled) 26. A controller, wherein a display device where the controller is located further comprises a plurality of driving chips and an in-cell touch display panel; and the controller is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 11. 27-32. (canceled) 33. A display device, comprising a controller, a plurality of driving chips, and an in-cell touch display panel;
wherein a target driving chip in the plurality of driving chips is respectively connected to the controller and the in-cell touch display panel, and the target driving chip is one of the plurality of driving chips; the target driving chip is configured to: receive state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel, and send return data to the controller; the controller is configured to receive the return data sent by the target driving chip; wherein the state data is configured to reflect a working state of the in-cell touch display panel and including touch data, and the return data comprises the state data. 34-35. (canceled) 36. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions stored therein, wherein
when operating on a processing component of a computer, the instructions cause the processing component to execute the data transmission method according to claim 1. 37. The method according to claim 4, wherein the touch data comprises at least one of touch position data and touch pressure data;
the return data further comprises at least one of first indication information, working mode data of the driving chips, and second indication information, wherein the first indication information is configured to indicate whether the working state of the in-cell touch display panel is abnormal, and the second indication information is configured to indicate whether a working state of the target driving chip is abnormal; the in-cell touch display panel comprises a sensor; and receiving the state data acquired by the in-cell touch display panel comprises: receiving the touch data and data collected by the sensor; prior to sending the return data to the controller, the method further comprises: performing analog-to-digital conversion of the state data in a form of an analog signal to obtain the state data in a form of a digital signal; and generating the return data, the return data comprising the state data in the form of a digital signal; the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line, and the controller is further connected to the target driving chip through a second differential signal line; and the method further comprises: receiving a control signal sent by the controller through the second differential signal line; and sending the return data to the controller comprises: sending the return data to the controller in real time through the first differential signal line; the in-cell touch display panel is any one of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, a quantum dot display panel, a micro light-emitting diode display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel which are integrated with a touch function layer; the target driving chip is any one of a source driving chip and a gate driving chip; and the controller is any one of a timing controller, a system chip SOC, and a micro control unit MCU integrated in the timing controller. 38. The method according to claim 11, wherein the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line, and is further connected to the target driving chip through a second differential signal line;
the method further comprises: sending a control signal to the target driving chip through the second differential signal line; and receiving the return data sent by the target driving chip comprises: receiving the return data sent by the target driving chip in real time and transmitted in a form of a data packet through the first differential signal line; wherein the data packet comprises a start bit, a data bit, and a stop bit which are arranged in sequence, wherein the start bit is configured to indicate the start of data transmission, the data bit is configured to carry data to be transmitted, and the stop bit is configured to indicate the end of data transmission; the data packet further comprises: a setup mode bit and a mode setting bit which are arranged in sequence between the start bit and the data bit, and a check bit between the data bit and the stop bit, wherein the setup mode bit is configured to indicate a mode of a mode setting of the data packet, the mode setting bit is configured to indicate a mode of the data packet, the check bit is configured to perform data check, and the mode of the data packet includes any one of a request mode and a response mode. 39. The target driving chip according to claim 16, wherein the target driving chip is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 11. 40. The controller according to claim 26, wherein the controller is configured to implement the data transmission method according to claim 38. 41. The display device according to claim 33, the controller is connected to the target driving chip through a first differential signal line, and is further connected to the target driving chip through a second differential signal line;
the controller is configured to: send a control signal to the target driving chip through the second differential signal line; the target driving chip is configured to: send the return data transmitted in a form of a data packet to the controller in real time through the first differential signal line; wherein the data packet comprises a start bit, a data bit, and a stop bit which are arranged in sequence, wherein the start bit is configured to indicate the start of data transmission, the data bit is configured to carry data to be transmitted, and the stop bit is configured to indicate the end of data transmission; the data packet further comprises: a setup mode bit and a mode setting bit which are arranged in sequence between the start bit and the data bit, and a check bit between the data bit and the stop bit, wherein the setup mode bit is configured to indicate a mode of a mode setting of the data packet, the mode setting bit is configured to indicate a mode of the data packet, the check bit is configured to perform data check, and the mode of the data packet includes any one of a request mode and a response mode; the touch data comprises at least one of touch position data and touch pressure data; the return data further comprises at least one of first indication information, working mode data of the driving chips, and second indication information, wherein the first indication information is configured to indicate whether the working state of the in-cell touch display panel is abnormal, and the second indication information is configured to indicate whether a working state of the target driving chip is abnormal; the in-cell touch display panel comprises a sensor; and the target driving chip is configured to: receive the touch data and data collected by the sensor; the target driving chip is further configured to: prior to sending the return data to the controller, perform analog-to-digital conversion of the state data in a form of an analog signal to obtain the state data in a form of a digital signal; and generate the return data, the return data comprising the state data in the form of a digital signal; the target driving chip is any one of a source driving chip and a gate driving chip; the in-cell touch display panel is any one of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, a quantum dot display panel, a micro light-emitting diode display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel which are integrated with a touch function layer; and the controller is any one of a timing controller, a system chip SOC, and a micro control unit MCU integrated in the timing controller. | 1,600 |
345,350 | 16,643,250 | 1,644 | The present invention relates to a compound represented by any one of the following formula A to formula C, and a photosensitive composition comprising the same, wherein the structure of the compound represented by any one of formula A to formula C is as described in the detailed description of the invention. | 1. A compound, represented by any one of the following [Chemical Formula A] to [Chemical Formula C]: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the substituents R4 to R6 in Chemical Formula A are same or different and are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of C1-C20, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl of C6-C20, and Ra, Rb, and Rc in Chemical Formula A are same or different and are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, and a methyl. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of Y1 and Y2 in [Chemical Formula A] has the structure represented by Structural Formula 1 or Structural Formula 2. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein L1 is —N(—R5)— or S and L2 is —N(—R6)— or S in Chemical Formula A. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 in [Chemical Formula A] are —N(—R5)— and —N(—R6)—, respectively, R5 and R6, which are same or different, being each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an alkyl of C1-C10, and an aryl of C6-C20. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of W1 to W3 in [Chemical Formula A] is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30. 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein at least two of W1 to W3 in [Chemical Formula A] are a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30. 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein W1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene and at least one of W2 and W3, which are same or different, is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30 in [Chemical Formula A]. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least two of W1 to W3, which are the same or different, are a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene in [Chemical Formula A]. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein R8 to R12, which are same or different, are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of C1-C20, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl of C6-C20 and Rb, Rc, and Rd, which are same or different, are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, and a methyl in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C]. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of Y3 to Y5 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] has the structure represented by [Structural Formula 1] or [Structural Formula 2]. 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein L3 to L7 in [Chemical Formula B] are same or different and are each independently a single bond, —N(—R9)—, or S. 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein L3 to L5 in [Chemical Formula C] are same or different and are each independently a single bond, —N(—R9)—, or S. 14. The compound of claim 1, wherein R9, R11, and R12 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are same or different and are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an alkyl of C1-C10, and an aryl of C6-C20. 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least two of W4 to W7 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30. 16. The compound of claim 15, wherein at least two of W4 to W7 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene. 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least three of W4 to W7 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30. 18. The compound of claim 17, wherein at least three of W4 to W7 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene. 19. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound represented by any one of [Chemical Formula A] to [Chemical Formula C] is selected from the compounds represented by the following Compounds 1 to 134: 20. A photosensitive composition comprising the compound of claim 1. 21. The photosensitive composition of claim 20, further comprising a photoinitiator or a photopolymerizable monomer. 22. An optical material, obtained by polymerizing the photosensitive composition of claim 20. 23. A photosensitive composition, comprising 1 to 95 parts by weight of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 19, 0 to 90 parts by weight of a photopolymerizable compound, and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a photoinitiator. 24. The photosensitive composition of claim 23, wherein the photosensitive composition is used for preparing any one selected from a prism sheet, a microlens, a DBEF film, a coating material for LCD, a coating material for an organic light emitting diode (OLED), an optical lens, and a multi-focal lens. | The present invention relates to a compound represented by any one of the following formula A to formula C, and a photosensitive composition comprising the same, wherein the structure of the compound represented by any one of formula A to formula C is as described in the detailed description of the invention.1. A compound, represented by any one of the following [Chemical Formula A] to [Chemical Formula C]: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the substituents R4 to R6 in Chemical Formula A are same or different and are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of C1-C20, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl of C6-C20, and Ra, Rb, and Rc in Chemical Formula A are same or different and are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, and a methyl. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of Y1 and Y2 in [Chemical Formula A] has the structure represented by Structural Formula 1 or Structural Formula 2. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein L1 is —N(—R5)— or S and L2 is —N(—R6)— or S in Chemical Formula A. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 in [Chemical Formula A] are —N(—R5)— and —N(—R6)—, respectively, R5 and R6, which are same or different, being each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an alkyl of C1-C10, and an aryl of C6-C20. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of W1 to W3 in [Chemical Formula A] is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30. 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein at least two of W1 to W3 in [Chemical Formula A] are a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30. 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein W1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene and at least one of W2 and W3, which are same or different, is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30 in [Chemical Formula A]. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least two of W1 to W3, which are the same or different, are a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene in [Chemical Formula A]. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein R8 to R12, which are same or different, are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of C1-C20, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl of C6-C20 and Rb, Rc, and Rd, which are same or different, are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, and a methyl in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C]. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of Y3 to Y5 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] has the structure represented by [Structural Formula 1] or [Structural Formula 2]. 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein L3 to L7 in [Chemical Formula B] are same or different and are each independently a single bond, —N(—R9)—, or S. 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein L3 to L5 in [Chemical Formula C] are same or different and are each independently a single bond, —N(—R9)—, or S. 14. The compound of claim 1, wherein R9, R11, and R12 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are same or different and are each independently any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an alkyl of C1-C10, and an aryl of C6-C20. 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least two of W4 to W7 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30. 16. The compound of claim 15, wherein at least two of W4 to W7 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene. 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least three of W4 to W7 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of C6-C30. 18. The compound of claim 17, wherein at least three of W4 to W7 in [Chemical Formula B] and [Chemical Formula C] are a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene. 19. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound represented by any one of [Chemical Formula A] to [Chemical Formula C] is selected from the compounds represented by the following Compounds 1 to 134: 20. A photosensitive composition comprising the compound of claim 1. 21. The photosensitive composition of claim 20, further comprising a photoinitiator or a photopolymerizable monomer. 22. An optical material, obtained by polymerizing the photosensitive composition of claim 20. 23. A photosensitive composition, comprising 1 to 95 parts by weight of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 19, 0 to 90 parts by weight of a photopolymerizable compound, and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a photoinitiator. 24. The photosensitive composition of claim 23, wherein the photosensitive composition is used for preparing any one selected from a prism sheet, a microlens, a DBEF film, a coating material for LCD, a coating material for an organic light emitting diode (OLED), an optical lens, and a multi-focal lens. | 1,600 |
345,351 | 16,643,255 | 1,644 | The present disclosure provides an apparatus for transferring a liquid cargo. The apparatus for transferring a liquid cargo according to an embodiment of the inventive concept may include a liquid cargo transfer line connected to a liquid cargo storage tank, a drum connected to the liquid cargo transfer line and providing a space for storing a liquid cargo, and a pressing unit for pressing the liquid cargo storage tank so that the liquid cargo stored in the liquid cargo storage tank is supplied to the drum through the liquid cargo transfer line. | 1. An apparatus for transferring a liquid cargo, the apparatus comprising:
a liquid cargo transfer line connected to a liquid cargo storage tank; a drum connected to the liquid cargo transfer line and configured to provide a space for storing a liquid cargo; and a pressing unit configured to press the liquid cargo storage tank so that the liquid cargo stored in the liquid cargo storage tank is supplied to the drum through the liquid cargo transfer line. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a filling line connected to the liquid cargo transfer line and configured to receive the liquid cargo from the outside. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressing unit comprises:
a compressor configured to receive a boil-off gas from the drum and compress the received boil-off gas; and a gas transfer line configured to supply the boil-off gas, which is compressed in the compressor, to the liquid cargo storage tank. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressing unit further comprises a terminal gas line connected to the compressor and configured to supply a boil-off gas from the liquid cargo storage terminal. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a cooling unit configured to prevent temperature increase of the liquid cargo storage tank when the compressed boil-off gas is supplied to the liquid cargo storage tank. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the cooling unit comprises:
an injection nozzle installed in the liquid cargo storage tank to inject the liquid cargo; and a cooling supply line configured to connect the injection nozzle with the drum and supply a portion of the liquid cargo stored in the drum to the injection nozzle by an auxiliary pump. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressing unit further comprises a bypass line bypassing the compressor and connected to the gas transfer line, and
the boil-off gas generated from the liquid cargo storage tank is supplied between the compressor and the drum through the gas transfer line and the bypass line, compressed in the compressor, and then supplied to a gas demand source. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
a collecting line configured to store surplus boil-off gas, which is remained from the boil-off gas compressed in the compressor after supplied to the gas demand source, in the drum; and an exhaust line branched from the gas transfer line and configured to exhaust a boil-off gas generated from the drum. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a discharge line connected to a lower portion of the drum in order to unload the liquid cargo stored in the drum; and a main pump installed on the discharge line and configured to apply a transfer pressure to the liquid cargo stored in the drum to pump the liquid cargo. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a drum pressure adjusting part configured to adjust a pressure of the drum in order to constantly maintain a flow amount of the liquid cargo discharged through the discharge line. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the drum pressure adjusting part comprises:
a water level detecting member configured to measure a water level of the liquid cargo in the drum; a pressure measuring member configured to measure a pressure of a boil-off gas in the drum; and a controller configured to receive a measured value from the water level detecting member and the pressure measuring member and control a discharge amount of the boil-off gas in the drum, wherein the controller controls a vapor control valve installed on a gas transfer line through which the boil-off gas in the drum is discharged and a control valve installed on the discharge line and the main pump, wherein the controller controls the vapor control valve so that an amount of the boil-off gas exhausted through the gas transfer line decreases when the pressure of the boil-off gas in the drum with respect to the water level of the liquid cargo in the drum is less than a preset ratio, and controls the vapor control valve so that the amount of the boil-off gas exhausted through the gas transfer line increases when the pressure of the boil-off gas in the drum with respect to the water level of the liquid cargo in the drum is greater than a preset ratio. 12. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressing unit prevents pressure decrease of the liquid cargo storage tank by supplying at least one of a boil-off gas supplied from the liquid cargo storage terminal, a boil-off gas generated in the drum, and a gas obtained by evaporating the liquid cargo stored in the drum to the liquid cargo storage tank through the gas transfer line when a liquid cargo is loaded from the liquid cargo storage terminal to the liquid cargo storage tank. 13. A method for transferring a liquid cargo, the method comprising:
pressing a liquid cargo storage tank by using a boil-off gas so that a liquid cargo stored in the liquid cargo storage tank is transferred to a drum; and discharging the liquid cargo stored in the drum to a liquid cargo storage terminal through pumping of a main pump, wherein the boil-off gas used to press the liquid cargo storage tank comprises a compressed boil-off gas obtained by compressing a boil-off gas, which is generated in the drum, in a compressor. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the pressing of the liquid cargo storage tank receives and uses a boil-off gas generated in the liquid cargo storage terminal when the boil-off gas used to press the liquid cargo storage tank is insufficient, and prevents temperature increase of the liquid cargo storage tank by inserting and pressing the compressed boil-off gas into the liquid cargo storage tank while simultaneously injecting the liquid cargo supplied from the drum. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein a portion of the liquid cargo is stored in the drum when the liquid cargo is unloaded form the liquid cargo storage tank,
cool-down of a pump, which is performed before the main pump is used, is performed by using the liquid cargo stored in the drum, and a boil-off gas generated during the cool-down of the pump is supplied to the liquid cargo storage tank. | The present disclosure provides an apparatus for transferring a liquid cargo. The apparatus for transferring a liquid cargo according to an embodiment of the inventive concept may include a liquid cargo transfer line connected to a liquid cargo storage tank, a drum connected to the liquid cargo transfer line and providing a space for storing a liquid cargo, and a pressing unit for pressing the liquid cargo storage tank so that the liquid cargo stored in the liquid cargo storage tank is supplied to the drum through the liquid cargo transfer line.1. An apparatus for transferring a liquid cargo, the apparatus comprising:
a liquid cargo transfer line connected to a liquid cargo storage tank; a drum connected to the liquid cargo transfer line and configured to provide a space for storing a liquid cargo; and a pressing unit configured to press the liquid cargo storage tank so that the liquid cargo stored in the liquid cargo storage tank is supplied to the drum through the liquid cargo transfer line. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a filling line connected to the liquid cargo transfer line and configured to receive the liquid cargo from the outside. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressing unit comprises:
a compressor configured to receive a boil-off gas from the drum and compress the received boil-off gas; and a gas transfer line configured to supply the boil-off gas, which is compressed in the compressor, to the liquid cargo storage tank. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressing unit further comprises a terminal gas line connected to the compressor and configured to supply a boil-off gas from the liquid cargo storage terminal. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a cooling unit configured to prevent temperature increase of the liquid cargo storage tank when the compressed boil-off gas is supplied to the liquid cargo storage tank. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the cooling unit comprises:
an injection nozzle installed in the liquid cargo storage tank to inject the liquid cargo; and a cooling supply line configured to connect the injection nozzle with the drum and supply a portion of the liquid cargo stored in the drum to the injection nozzle by an auxiliary pump. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressing unit further comprises a bypass line bypassing the compressor and connected to the gas transfer line, and
the boil-off gas generated from the liquid cargo storage tank is supplied between the compressor and the drum through the gas transfer line and the bypass line, compressed in the compressor, and then supplied to a gas demand source. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
a collecting line configured to store surplus boil-off gas, which is remained from the boil-off gas compressed in the compressor after supplied to the gas demand source, in the drum; and an exhaust line branched from the gas transfer line and configured to exhaust a boil-off gas generated from the drum. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a discharge line connected to a lower portion of the drum in order to unload the liquid cargo stored in the drum; and a main pump installed on the discharge line and configured to apply a transfer pressure to the liquid cargo stored in the drum to pump the liquid cargo. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a drum pressure adjusting part configured to adjust a pressure of the drum in order to constantly maintain a flow amount of the liquid cargo discharged through the discharge line. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the drum pressure adjusting part comprises:
a water level detecting member configured to measure a water level of the liquid cargo in the drum; a pressure measuring member configured to measure a pressure of a boil-off gas in the drum; and a controller configured to receive a measured value from the water level detecting member and the pressure measuring member and control a discharge amount of the boil-off gas in the drum, wherein the controller controls a vapor control valve installed on a gas transfer line through which the boil-off gas in the drum is discharged and a control valve installed on the discharge line and the main pump, wherein the controller controls the vapor control valve so that an amount of the boil-off gas exhausted through the gas transfer line decreases when the pressure of the boil-off gas in the drum with respect to the water level of the liquid cargo in the drum is less than a preset ratio, and controls the vapor control valve so that the amount of the boil-off gas exhausted through the gas transfer line increases when the pressure of the boil-off gas in the drum with respect to the water level of the liquid cargo in the drum is greater than a preset ratio. 12. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressing unit prevents pressure decrease of the liquid cargo storage tank by supplying at least one of a boil-off gas supplied from the liquid cargo storage terminal, a boil-off gas generated in the drum, and a gas obtained by evaporating the liquid cargo stored in the drum to the liquid cargo storage tank through the gas transfer line when a liquid cargo is loaded from the liquid cargo storage terminal to the liquid cargo storage tank. 13. A method for transferring a liquid cargo, the method comprising:
pressing a liquid cargo storage tank by using a boil-off gas so that a liquid cargo stored in the liquid cargo storage tank is transferred to a drum; and discharging the liquid cargo stored in the drum to a liquid cargo storage terminal through pumping of a main pump, wherein the boil-off gas used to press the liquid cargo storage tank comprises a compressed boil-off gas obtained by compressing a boil-off gas, which is generated in the drum, in a compressor. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the pressing of the liquid cargo storage tank receives and uses a boil-off gas generated in the liquid cargo storage terminal when the boil-off gas used to press the liquid cargo storage tank is insufficient, and prevents temperature increase of the liquid cargo storage tank by inserting and pressing the compressed boil-off gas into the liquid cargo storage tank while simultaneously injecting the liquid cargo supplied from the drum. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein a portion of the liquid cargo is stored in the drum when the liquid cargo is unloaded form the liquid cargo storage tank,
cool-down of a pump, which is performed before the main pump is used, is performed by using the liquid cargo stored in the drum, and a boil-off gas generated during the cool-down of the pump is supplied to the liquid cargo storage tank. | 1,600 |
345,352 | 16,643,264 | 1,644 | The present disclosure is drawn to microfluidic devices. A microfluidic device can include a substrate, a lid mounted to the substrate, and a microchip mounted to the substrate. The lid mounted to the substrate can form a discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the lid and a portion of the substrate. The lid can include an inlet and a vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of fluid to the discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action. A portion of the microchip can be positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber. | 1. A microfluidic device, comprising:
a substrate; a lid mounted to the substrate and forming a discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the lid and a portion of the substrate, said lid comprising an inlet and a vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of fluid to the discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action; and a microchip mounted to the substrate, a portion of the microchip positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber. 2. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a material selected from a metal, glass, silicon, silicon dioxide, a ceramic material, a polymer material, or a combination thereof. 3. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the lid comprises a material selected from glass, quartz, polymer, amorphous polymer, or a combination thereof. 4. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the lid forms multiple discrete microfluidic chambers between structures including portions of the interior surface of the lid and corresponding portions of the substrate. 5. The microfluidic device of claim 1, further comprising a second lid, wherein the second lid forms a second discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the second lid and a second portion of the substrate, said second lid comprising a second inlet and a second vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of fluid to the second discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action. 6. The microfluidic device of claim 5, wherein a second portion of the microchip is positioned within the second discrete microfluidic chamber. 7. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the discrete microfluidic chamber has a volume of from 1 nl to 100 μl. 8. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the lid has a height of from 0.2 mm to 5 mm, a width of from 0.4 to 50 mm, a length of from 0.1 mm to 60 mm, and a thickness of from 0.1 mm to 60 mm. 9. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the lid further comprises an exterior surface modification selected from of a Fresnel lens, a crenulated surface, a non-uniform thickness, a thin film optical filter, or a combination thereof; the lid comprises an interior modification to enhance surface wetting; the microchip comprises an exterior modification; or a combination thereof. 10. A microfluidic device, comprising:
a substrate; a lid mounted to the substrate and forming a discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the lid and a portion of the substrate, said lid comprising an inlet and a vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of a fluid to the discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action, and wherein a portion of the microchip is positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber; and an elongated microchip mounted to the substrate, a portion of the elongated microchip positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber, wherein the elongated microchip has a width to length aspect ratio from 1:10 to 1:150. 11. The microfluidic device of claim 10, wherein the lid further comprises an exterior surface modification selected from of a Fresnel lens, a crenulated surface, a non-uniform thickness, a thin film optical filter, and a combination thereof. 12. The microfluidic device of claim 11, wherein the lid further comprises an interior surface modification to enhance surface wetting, wherein the surface modification is a surface coating, a surface treatment, or a combination thereof. 13. The microfluidic device of claim 10, wherein the elongated microchip further comprises a functional component selected from a temperature regulator, a sensor, an electromagnetic radiation source, a fluid actuator, a mixer, a bubbler, a fluid pump, or a combination thereof. 14. A microfluidic device, comprising:
a substrate; a lid mounted to the substrate and forming a discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the lid and a portion of the substrate, said lid comprising an inlet and a vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of fluid to the discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action, wherein the discrete microfluidic chamber has a volume of from 1 nl to 100 μl; and a microchip mounted to the substrate, a portion of the microchip positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber. 15. The microfluidic device of claim 14, wherein the lid has a height of from 0.2 mm to 5 mm, a width of from 0.4 to 50 mm, a length of from 0.1 mm to 60 mm, and a thickness of from 0.1 mm to 60 mm. | The present disclosure is drawn to microfluidic devices. A microfluidic device can include a substrate, a lid mounted to the substrate, and a microchip mounted to the substrate. The lid mounted to the substrate can form a discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the lid and a portion of the substrate. The lid can include an inlet and a vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of fluid to the discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action. A portion of the microchip can be positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber.1. A microfluidic device, comprising:
a substrate; a lid mounted to the substrate and forming a discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the lid and a portion of the substrate, said lid comprising an inlet and a vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of fluid to the discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action; and a microchip mounted to the substrate, a portion of the microchip positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber. 2. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a material selected from a metal, glass, silicon, silicon dioxide, a ceramic material, a polymer material, or a combination thereof. 3. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the lid comprises a material selected from glass, quartz, polymer, amorphous polymer, or a combination thereof. 4. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the lid forms multiple discrete microfluidic chambers between structures including portions of the interior surface of the lid and corresponding portions of the substrate. 5. The microfluidic device of claim 1, further comprising a second lid, wherein the second lid forms a second discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the second lid and a second portion of the substrate, said second lid comprising a second inlet and a second vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of fluid to the second discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action. 6. The microfluidic device of claim 5, wherein a second portion of the microchip is positioned within the second discrete microfluidic chamber. 7. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the discrete microfluidic chamber has a volume of from 1 nl to 100 μl. 8. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the lid has a height of from 0.2 mm to 5 mm, a width of from 0.4 to 50 mm, a length of from 0.1 mm to 60 mm, and a thickness of from 0.1 mm to 60 mm. 9. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the lid further comprises an exterior surface modification selected from of a Fresnel lens, a crenulated surface, a non-uniform thickness, a thin film optical filter, or a combination thereof; the lid comprises an interior modification to enhance surface wetting; the microchip comprises an exterior modification; or a combination thereof. 10. A microfluidic device, comprising:
a substrate; a lid mounted to the substrate and forming a discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the lid and a portion of the substrate, said lid comprising an inlet and a vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of a fluid to the discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action, and wherein a portion of the microchip is positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber; and an elongated microchip mounted to the substrate, a portion of the elongated microchip positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber, wherein the elongated microchip has a width to length aspect ratio from 1:10 to 1:150. 11. The microfluidic device of claim 10, wherein the lid further comprises an exterior surface modification selected from of a Fresnel lens, a crenulated surface, a non-uniform thickness, a thin film optical filter, and a combination thereof. 12. The microfluidic device of claim 11, wherein the lid further comprises an interior surface modification to enhance surface wetting, wherein the surface modification is a surface coating, a surface treatment, or a combination thereof. 13. The microfluidic device of claim 10, wherein the elongated microchip further comprises a functional component selected from a temperature regulator, a sensor, an electromagnetic radiation source, a fluid actuator, a mixer, a bubbler, a fluid pump, or a combination thereof. 14. A microfluidic device, comprising:
a substrate; a lid mounted to the substrate and forming a discrete microfluidic chamber between structures including an interior surface of the lid and a portion of the substrate, said lid comprising an inlet and a vent positioned relative to one another to facilitate loading of fluid to the discrete microfluidic chamber via capillary action, wherein the discrete microfluidic chamber has a volume of from 1 nl to 100 μl; and a microchip mounted to the substrate, a portion of the microchip positioned within the discrete microfluidic chamber. 15. The microfluidic device of claim 14, wherein the lid has a height of from 0.2 mm to 5 mm, a width of from 0.4 to 50 mm, a length of from 0.1 mm to 60 mm, and a thickness of from 0.1 mm to 60 mm. | 1,600 |
345,353 | 16,643,258 | 1,644 | A displacement/stress computation unit computes residual stress and deformation by conducting a thermal-elastic-plastic analysis using idealized explicit FEM. A temperature increment is set in magnitude to have a value larger in magnitude than a temperature increment used in a thermal-elastic-plastic analysis using static implicit FEM. Heating is performed for each plurality of blocks according to a heating pattern in which blocks that are not adjacent to one another are simultaneously heated. Each block is heated with a surface heat source having a heat input quantity adjusted with respect to a heat input quantity applied when a moving heat source is used to heat the block. | 1. A method for analyzing, with a computer, residual stress and deformation caused in an additively manufactured object manufactured by depositing a molten material while solidifying the material, comprising:
inputting data for performing a thermal-elastic-plastic analysis of the additively manufactured object by employing a finite element method (FEM); and computing residual stress and deformation caused in the additively manufactured object, by performing the thermal-elastic-plastic analysis in accordance with time series data of a temperature distribution caused in the additively manufactured object as the object is additively manufactured, wherein in the computing residual stress and deformation, when a temperature increment following the time series data is given, dynamic explicit FEM is employed to compute the additively manufactured object's displacement and stress until a prescribed static equilibrium condition is reached, and once the displacement has reached the static equilibrium condition, the temperature increment is given again and the displacement and stress are computed again, the temperature increment is set in magnitude to have a value larger in magnitude than a temperature increment used in the thermal-elastic-plastic analysis of the additively manufactured object using static implicit FEM, and the additively manufactured object is heated with an instantaneous surface heat source having a heat input quantity adjusted with respect to a heat input quantity applied when a moving heat source is used to heat the additively manufactured object. 2. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 1, wherein a topmost layer of the additively manufactured object is divided into a plurality of blocks, and the additively manufactured object is heated such that the topmost layer is heated for each block, and the plurality of blocks are each heated by the instantaneous surface heat source. 3. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 2, wherein the additively manufactured object is heated in a heating pattern in which at least two blocks that are not adjacent to each other are simultaneously heated. 4. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 1, wherein the instantaneous surface heat source has the heat input quantity adjusted with respect to the heat input quantity applied when the moving heat source is used to heat the additively manufactured object, so that the additively manufactured object shrinks in an amount equivalent to that when the moving heat source is used to heat the additively manufactured object. 5. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 1, wherein the material is metal, and the temperature increment has a magnitude of at least 100° C. or higher. 6. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 1, wherein the temperature increment is determined in magnitude based on a mechanical melting temperature of a metal constituting the additively manufactured object. 7. An analysis apparatus that analyzes residual stress and deformation caused in an additively manufactured object manufactured by solidifying a molten material on a surface layer, comprising:
an input unit that receives data for performing a thermal-elastic-plastic analysis of the additively manufactured object by employing a finite element method (FEM); and a computation unit that computes residual stress and deformation caused in the additively manufactured object, by performing the thermal-elastic-plastic analysis in accordance with time series data of a temperature distribution caused in the additively manufactured object as the object is additively manufactured, wherein when a temperature increment following the time series data is given, the computation unit computes the additively manufactured object's displacement and stress by employing dynamic explicit FEM until a prescribed static equilibrium condition is reached, and once the displacement has reached the static equilibrium condition, the temperature increment is given again and the computation unit again computes the displacement and stress, the temperature increment is set in magnitude to have a value larger in magnitude than a temperature increment used in the thermal-elastic-plastic analysis of the additively manufactured object using static implicit FEM, and the additively manufactured object is heated with an instantaneous surface heat source having a heat input quantity adjusted with respect to a heat input quantity applied when a moving heat source is used to heat the additively manufactured object. 8. The analysis apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a topmost layer of the additively manufactured object is divided into a plurality of blocks, and the additively manufactured object is heated such that the topmost layer is heated for each block, and the plurality of blocks are each heated by the instantaneous surface heat source. 9. The analysis apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the additively manufactured object is heated in a heating pattern in which at least two blocks that are not adjacent to each other are simultaneously heated. 10. A method for additively manufacturing an object by depositing a molten material while solidifying the material, comprising:
determining a heating pattern to be applied in heating a topmost layer of the additively manufactured object, based on a result of an analysis using the method according to claim 1; and heating the additively manufactured object in accordance with the heating pattern. 11. (canceled) 12. An apparatus used to additively manufacture an object by depositing a molten material while solidifying the material, comprising:
a heating device that heats a topmost layer of the additively manufactured object; and a controller that controls the heating device, wherein the controller determines a heating pattern to be applied in heating the topmost layer of the additively manufactured object, based on a result of an analysis using the method according to claim 1, and the controller controls the heating device to heat the additively manufactured object in accordance with the heating pattern. 13. (canceled) | A displacement/stress computation unit computes residual stress and deformation by conducting a thermal-elastic-plastic analysis using idealized explicit FEM. A temperature increment is set in magnitude to have a value larger in magnitude than a temperature increment used in a thermal-elastic-plastic analysis using static implicit FEM. Heating is performed for each plurality of blocks according to a heating pattern in which blocks that are not adjacent to one another are simultaneously heated. Each block is heated with a surface heat source having a heat input quantity adjusted with respect to a heat input quantity applied when a moving heat source is used to heat the block.1. A method for analyzing, with a computer, residual stress and deformation caused in an additively manufactured object manufactured by depositing a molten material while solidifying the material, comprising:
inputting data for performing a thermal-elastic-plastic analysis of the additively manufactured object by employing a finite element method (FEM); and computing residual stress and deformation caused in the additively manufactured object, by performing the thermal-elastic-plastic analysis in accordance with time series data of a temperature distribution caused in the additively manufactured object as the object is additively manufactured, wherein in the computing residual stress and deformation, when a temperature increment following the time series data is given, dynamic explicit FEM is employed to compute the additively manufactured object's displacement and stress until a prescribed static equilibrium condition is reached, and once the displacement has reached the static equilibrium condition, the temperature increment is given again and the displacement and stress are computed again, the temperature increment is set in magnitude to have a value larger in magnitude than a temperature increment used in the thermal-elastic-plastic analysis of the additively manufactured object using static implicit FEM, and the additively manufactured object is heated with an instantaneous surface heat source having a heat input quantity adjusted with respect to a heat input quantity applied when a moving heat source is used to heat the additively manufactured object. 2. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 1, wherein a topmost layer of the additively manufactured object is divided into a plurality of blocks, and the additively manufactured object is heated such that the topmost layer is heated for each block, and the plurality of blocks are each heated by the instantaneous surface heat source. 3. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 2, wherein the additively manufactured object is heated in a heating pattern in which at least two blocks that are not adjacent to each other are simultaneously heated. 4. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 1, wherein the instantaneous surface heat source has the heat input quantity adjusted with respect to the heat input quantity applied when the moving heat source is used to heat the additively manufactured object, so that the additively manufactured object shrinks in an amount equivalent to that when the moving heat source is used to heat the additively manufactured object. 5. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 1, wherein the material is metal, and the temperature increment has a magnitude of at least 100° C. or higher. 6. The method for analyzing an additively manufactured object according to claim 1, wherein the temperature increment is determined in magnitude based on a mechanical melting temperature of a metal constituting the additively manufactured object. 7. An analysis apparatus that analyzes residual stress and deformation caused in an additively manufactured object manufactured by solidifying a molten material on a surface layer, comprising:
an input unit that receives data for performing a thermal-elastic-plastic analysis of the additively manufactured object by employing a finite element method (FEM); and a computation unit that computes residual stress and deformation caused in the additively manufactured object, by performing the thermal-elastic-plastic analysis in accordance with time series data of a temperature distribution caused in the additively manufactured object as the object is additively manufactured, wherein when a temperature increment following the time series data is given, the computation unit computes the additively manufactured object's displacement and stress by employing dynamic explicit FEM until a prescribed static equilibrium condition is reached, and once the displacement has reached the static equilibrium condition, the temperature increment is given again and the computation unit again computes the displacement and stress, the temperature increment is set in magnitude to have a value larger in magnitude than a temperature increment used in the thermal-elastic-plastic analysis of the additively manufactured object using static implicit FEM, and the additively manufactured object is heated with an instantaneous surface heat source having a heat input quantity adjusted with respect to a heat input quantity applied when a moving heat source is used to heat the additively manufactured object. 8. The analysis apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a topmost layer of the additively manufactured object is divided into a plurality of blocks, and the additively manufactured object is heated such that the topmost layer is heated for each block, and the plurality of blocks are each heated by the instantaneous surface heat source. 9. The analysis apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the additively manufactured object is heated in a heating pattern in which at least two blocks that are not adjacent to each other are simultaneously heated. 10. A method for additively manufacturing an object by depositing a molten material while solidifying the material, comprising:
determining a heating pattern to be applied in heating a topmost layer of the additively manufactured object, based on a result of an analysis using the method according to claim 1; and heating the additively manufactured object in accordance with the heating pattern. 11. (canceled) 12. An apparatus used to additively manufacture an object by depositing a molten material while solidifying the material, comprising:
a heating device that heats a topmost layer of the additively manufactured object; and a controller that controls the heating device, wherein the controller determines a heating pattern to be applied in heating the topmost layer of the additively manufactured object, based on a result of an analysis using the method according to claim 1, and the controller controls the heating device to heat the additively manufactured object in accordance with the heating pattern. 13. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,354 | 16,643,237 | 1,644 | Embodiments described herein enable the generation of cryptographic material for ranging operations in a manner that reduces and obfuscates potential correlations between leaked and secret information. One embodiment provides for an apparatus including a ranging module having one or more ranging sensors. The ranging module is coupled to a secure processing system through a hardware interface to receive at least one encrypted ranging session key, the ranging module to decrypt the at least one encrypted ranging session key to generate a ranging session key, generate a sparse ranging input, derive a message session key based on the ranging session key, and derive a derived ranging key via a key derivation cascade applied to the message session key and the sparse ranging input, the derived ranging key to encrypt data transmitted during a ranging session. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A ranging apparatus comprising:
a ranging module including one or more ranging sensors, the ranging module coupled to a secure processing system through a hardware interface to receive at least one encrypted ranging session key, the ranging module to decrypt the at least one encrypted ranging session key to generate a ranging session key, generate a sparse ranging input, derive a message session key based on the ranging session key, and derive a derived ranging key via a key derivation cascade applied to the message session key and the sparse ranging input, the derived ranging key to encrypt data transmitted during a ranging session; and a cryptographic engine to derive at least the message session key and derived ranging key via a key derivation function, the cryptographic engine to derive the message session key via application of the key derivation function to the ranging session key and derive the derived ranging key via application of the key derivation cascade to the message session key and the sparse ranging input. 27. The ranging apparatus as in claim 26, wherein the key derivation function is based on a keyed-hash message authentication code or a cipher-based message authentication code. 28. The ranging apparatus as in claim 26, wherein the key derivation cascade includes a nested cascade of multiple key derivation functions, the key derivation cascade is to enhance resistance of the ranging module to a side channel attack. 29. The ranging apparatus as in claim 26, wherein the sparse ranging input includes diversification data having bits of an anti-replay counter value distributed throughout. 30. The ranging apparatus as in claim 29, wherein the diversification data is an input parameter of one or more key derivation functions of the key derivation function cascade. 31. The ranging apparatus as in claim 30, the anti-replay counter value to be additionally used to generate a secure preamble for a ranging frame, wherein the ranging frame is a data packet transmitted or received during the ranging session and the sparse ranging input is to enhance resistance of the ranging module to a side channel attack during execution of the key derivation cascade. 32. The ranging apparatus as in claim 26, the ranging module to determine a time of flight for data transmitted during the ranging session and determine a range based on the time of flight. 33. A method of securing a ranging operation, the method comprising:
receiving a ranging session key and an anti-replay counter value, the anti-replay counter value used to generate a secure preamble for a ranging frame; deriving a message session key based on the ranging session key; generating a sparse ranging input based on the anti-replay counter value and diversification data; and deriving a derived ranging key via the sparse ranging input and the message session key, encrypting data transmitted within the ranging frame via the derived ranging key, wherein deriving the derived ranging key includes providing the sparse ranging input and the message session key to a cascade of multiple key derivation functions, wherein the ranging frame is a data packet transmitted or received during a ranging session of the ranging operation. 34. The method as in claim 33, wherein generating the sparse ranging input includes spreading bits of the anti-replay counter value throughout the diversification data. 35. The method as in claim 33, wherein the diversification data is an input parameter of one or more key derivation functions of the cascade of multiple key derivation functions. 36. A data processing system comprising:
a secure processing system including a secure processor and a secure processor firmware, a secure boot read only memory (ROM) and a cryptographic accelerator and a secure storage for storing one or more private keys for use in a cryptographic system; an application processing system which includes a boot ROM and one or more system buses, the application processing system configured to execute one or more user applications and an operating system; a system memory coupled to one or more system buses to store the operating system and the one or more user applications; and a ranging module including one or more ranging sensors, the ranging module coupled to the secure processing system through a hardware interface to receive at least one encrypted ranging session key, the ranging module to decrypt the at least one encrypted ranging session key to generate a ranging session key, generate a sparse ranging input, derive a message session key based on the ranging session key, and derive a derived ranging key via a key derivation cascade applied to the message session key and the sparse ranging input, the derived ranging key to encrypt data transmitted during a ranging session. 37. The data processing system as in claim 36, the ranging module additionally comprising a
cryptographic engine to derive at least the message session key and derived ranging key via a key derivation function. 38. The data processing system as in claim 37, the cryptographic engine to derive the message session key via application of the key derivation function to the ranging session key and derive the derived ranging key via application of the key derivation cascade to the message session key and the sparse ranging input. 39. The data processing system as in claim 38, wherein the key derivation function is based on a keyed-hash message authentication code or a cipher-based message authentication code. 40. The data processing system as in claim 36, wherein the key derivation cascade includes a nested cascade of multiple key derivation functions, the key derivation cascade is to enhance resistance of the ranging module to a side channel attack. 41. The data processing system as in claim 40, wherein the sparse ranging input includes diversification data having bits of an anti-replay counter value distributed throughout. 42. The data processing system as in claim 41, wherein the diversification data is an input parameter of one or more key derivation functions of the key derivation function cascade. 43. The data processing system as in claim 42, the anti-replay counter value to be additionally used to generate a secure preamble for a ranging frame, wherein the ranging frame is a data packet transmitted or received during the ranging session. 44. The data processing system as in claim 43, wherein the sparse ranging input is to enhance resistance of the ranging module to a side channel attack during execution of the key derivation cascade. 45. The data processing system as in claim 36, the ranging module to determine a time of flight for data transmitted during the ranging session and determine a range based on the time of flight. | Embodiments described herein enable the generation of cryptographic material for ranging operations in a manner that reduces and obfuscates potential correlations between leaked and secret information. One embodiment provides for an apparatus including a ranging module having one or more ranging sensors. The ranging module is coupled to a secure processing system through a hardware interface to receive at least one encrypted ranging session key, the ranging module to decrypt the at least one encrypted ranging session key to generate a ranging session key, generate a sparse ranging input, derive a message session key based on the ranging session key, and derive a derived ranging key via a key derivation cascade applied to the message session key and the sparse ranging input, the derived ranging key to encrypt data transmitted during a ranging session.1-25. (canceled) 26. A ranging apparatus comprising:
a ranging module including one or more ranging sensors, the ranging module coupled to a secure processing system through a hardware interface to receive at least one encrypted ranging session key, the ranging module to decrypt the at least one encrypted ranging session key to generate a ranging session key, generate a sparse ranging input, derive a message session key based on the ranging session key, and derive a derived ranging key via a key derivation cascade applied to the message session key and the sparse ranging input, the derived ranging key to encrypt data transmitted during a ranging session; and a cryptographic engine to derive at least the message session key and derived ranging key via a key derivation function, the cryptographic engine to derive the message session key via application of the key derivation function to the ranging session key and derive the derived ranging key via application of the key derivation cascade to the message session key and the sparse ranging input. 27. The ranging apparatus as in claim 26, wherein the key derivation function is based on a keyed-hash message authentication code or a cipher-based message authentication code. 28. The ranging apparatus as in claim 26, wherein the key derivation cascade includes a nested cascade of multiple key derivation functions, the key derivation cascade is to enhance resistance of the ranging module to a side channel attack. 29. The ranging apparatus as in claim 26, wherein the sparse ranging input includes diversification data having bits of an anti-replay counter value distributed throughout. 30. The ranging apparatus as in claim 29, wherein the diversification data is an input parameter of one or more key derivation functions of the key derivation function cascade. 31. The ranging apparatus as in claim 30, the anti-replay counter value to be additionally used to generate a secure preamble for a ranging frame, wherein the ranging frame is a data packet transmitted or received during the ranging session and the sparse ranging input is to enhance resistance of the ranging module to a side channel attack during execution of the key derivation cascade. 32. The ranging apparatus as in claim 26, the ranging module to determine a time of flight for data transmitted during the ranging session and determine a range based on the time of flight. 33. A method of securing a ranging operation, the method comprising:
receiving a ranging session key and an anti-replay counter value, the anti-replay counter value used to generate a secure preamble for a ranging frame; deriving a message session key based on the ranging session key; generating a sparse ranging input based on the anti-replay counter value and diversification data; and deriving a derived ranging key via the sparse ranging input and the message session key, encrypting data transmitted within the ranging frame via the derived ranging key, wherein deriving the derived ranging key includes providing the sparse ranging input and the message session key to a cascade of multiple key derivation functions, wherein the ranging frame is a data packet transmitted or received during a ranging session of the ranging operation. 34. The method as in claim 33, wherein generating the sparse ranging input includes spreading bits of the anti-replay counter value throughout the diversification data. 35. The method as in claim 33, wherein the diversification data is an input parameter of one or more key derivation functions of the cascade of multiple key derivation functions. 36. A data processing system comprising:
a secure processing system including a secure processor and a secure processor firmware, a secure boot read only memory (ROM) and a cryptographic accelerator and a secure storage for storing one or more private keys for use in a cryptographic system; an application processing system which includes a boot ROM and one or more system buses, the application processing system configured to execute one or more user applications and an operating system; a system memory coupled to one or more system buses to store the operating system and the one or more user applications; and a ranging module including one or more ranging sensors, the ranging module coupled to the secure processing system through a hardware interface to receive at least one encrypted ranging session key, the ranging module to decrypt the at least one encrypted ranging session key to generate a ranging session key, generate a sparse ranging input, derive a message session key based on the ranging session key, and derive a derived ranging key via a key derivation cascade applied to the message session key and the sparse ranging input, the derived ranging key to encrypt data transmitted during a ranging session. 37. The data processing system as in claim 36, the ranging module additionally comprising a
cryptographic engine to derive at least the message session key and derived ranging key via a key derivation function. 38. The data processing system as in claim 37, the cryptographic engine to derive the message session key via application of the key derivation function to the ranging session key and derive the derived ranging key via application of the key derivation cascade to the message session key and the sparse ranging input. 39. The data processing system as in claim 38, wherein the key derivation function is based on a keyed-hash message authentication code or a cipher-based message authentication code. 40. The data processing system as in claim 36, wherein the key derivation cascade includes a nested cascade of multiple key derivation functions, the key derivation cascade is to enhance resistance of the ranging module to a side channel attack. 41. The data processing system as in claim 40, wherein the sparse ranging input includes diversification data having bits of an anti-replay counter value distributed throughout. 42. The data processing system as in claim 41, wherein the diversification data is an input parameter of one or more key derivation functions of the key derivation function cascade. 43. The data processing system as in claim 42, the anti-replay counter value to be additionally used to generate a secure preamble for a ranging frame, wherein the ranging frame is a data packet transmitted or received during the ranging session. 44. The data processing system as in claim 43, wherein the sparse ranging input is to enhance resistance of the ranging module to a side channel attack during execution of the key derivation cascade. 45. The data processing system as in claim 36, the ranging module to determine a time of flight for data transmitted during the ranging session and determine a range based on the time of flight. | 1,600 |
345,355 | 16,643,262 | 1,644 | Provided in various embodiments are an electronic device and a method therefor, the electronic device comprising: a first image sensor; a second image sensor electrically connected through a designated interface to the first image sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is set to determine parameter information, for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor, in relation to photographing and transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor, and the first image sensor is set to transmit a reflection signal through the designated interface to the second image sensor such that the second image sensor uses the parameter information in response to the reflection signal. In addition, other embodiments are possible. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a first image sensor; a second image sensor electrically connected with the first image sensor through a designated interface; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine parameter information for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor regarding shooting; and
transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor,
wherein the first image sensor is configured to transmit a reflection signal to the second image sensor through the designated interface to cause the second image sensor to use the parameter information in response to the reflection signal. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine first parameter information corresponding to the first image sensor, and to determine second parameter information corresponding to the second image sensor; and transmit the first parameter information to the first image sensor, and to transmit the second parameter information to the second image sensor. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first image sensor is configured to transmit the reflection signal to the second image sensor after receiving the parameter information. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second image sensor is configured to receive the parameter information, and to delay an operation of using the parameter information until the reflection signal is received. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first image sensor is configured to reflect the parameter information after transmitting the reflection signal. 6. An electronic device comprising:
a first image sensor; a second image sensor; and a processor connected with the first image sensor and the second image sensor through a designated interface, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine parameter information for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor regarding shooting;
transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor; and
transmit a reflection signal to the first image sensor and the second image sensor to cause the first image sensor and the second image sensor to use the parameter information in response to the reflection signal transmitted through the designated interface. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine first parameter information corresponding to the first image sensor and second parameter information corresponding to the second image sensor; and transmit the first parameter information to the first image sensor, and to transmit the second parameter information to the second image sensor. 8. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the reflection signal through the designated interface after transmitting the parameter information. 9. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to reflect the parameter information when the reflection signal is received. 10. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to calculate a time to transmit the reflection signal, based on characteristics of the first image sensor and the second image sensor, a hardware configuration and performance of the electronic device. 11. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to calculate a float time based on a time taken for the parameter information to be transmitted to an output queue of an inter integrated circuit (I2C) channel, and a time taken for the parameter information to be outputted from the output queue, and to transmit the reflection signal after the float time. 12. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determine the parameter information, based on at least one of setting of a user, a state of the electronic device, a shooting mode set in the electronic device, characteristics of the first image sensor and the second image sensor, or whether the first image sensor and the second image sensor are operated. 13. An electronic device comprising:
a first image sensor; a second image sensor electrically connected with the first image sensor through a first interface; and a processor comprising a second interface connected with the first image sensor, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine parameter information for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor regarding shooting;
transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor; and
transmit a reflection signal for use of the parameter information through the second interface,
wherein the first image sensor is configured to receive the reflection signal from the processor through the second interface, and to transmit the reflection signal to the second image sensor through the first interface to cause the second image sensor to use the parameter information in response to the reflection signal. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine first parameter information corresponding to the first image sensor, and second parameter information corresponding to the second image sensor; and transmit the first parameter information to the first image sensor, and to transmit the second parameter information to the second image sensor. 15. The electronic device of claim 13,
wherein the first image sensor is configured to determine a time to transmit the reflection signal by considering a time taken for the parameter information to be transmitted to the second image sensor, and to use the parameter information after transmitting the reflection signal to the second image sensor, and wherein the second image sensor is configured to receive the parameter information from the first image sensor, to delay an operation of using the parameter information until the reflection signal is received, and to use the parameter information after receiving the reflection signal from the first image sensor. | Provided in various embodiments are an electronic device and a method therefor, the electronic device comprising: a first image sensor; a second image sensor electrically connected through a designated interface to the first image sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is set to determine parameter information, for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor, in relation to photographing and transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor, and the first image sensor is set to transmit a reflection signal through the designated interface to the second image sensor such that the second image sensor uses the parameter information in response to the reflection signal. In addition, other embodiments are possible.1. An electronic device comprising:
a first image sensor; a second image sensor electrically connected with the first image sensor through a designated interface; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine parameter information for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor regarding shooting; and
transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor,
wherein the first image sensor is configured to transmit a reflection signal to the second image sensor through the designated interface to cause the second image sensor to use the parameter information in response to the reflection signal. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine first parameter information corresponding to the first image sensor, and to determine second parameter information corresponding to the second image sensor; and transmit the first parameter information to the first image sensor, and to transmit the second parameter information to the second image sensor. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first image sensor is configured to transmit the reflection signal to the second image sensor after receiving the parameter information. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second image sensor is configured to receive the parameter information, and to delay an operation of using the parameter information until the reflection signal is received. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first image sensor is configured to reflect the parameter information after transmitting the reflection signal. 6. An electronic device comprising:
a first image sensor; a second image sensor; and a processor connected with the first image sensor and the second image sensor through a designated interface, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine parameter information for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor regarding shooting;
transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor; and
transmit a reflection signal to the first image sensor and the second image sensor to cause the first image sensor and the second image sensor to use the parameter information in response to the reflection signal transmitted through the designated interface. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine first parameter information corresponding to the first image sensor and second parameter information corresponding to the second image sensor; and transmit the first parameter information to the first image sensor, and to transmit the second parameter information to the second image sensor. 8. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the reflection signal through the designated interface after transmitting the parameter information. 9. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to reflect the parameter information when the reflection signal is received. 10. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to calculate a time to transmit the reflection signal, based on characteristics of the first image sensor and the second image sensor, a hardware configuration and performance of the electronic device. 11. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to calculate a float time based on a time taken for the parameter information to be transmitted to an output queue of an inter integrated circuit (I2C) channel, and a time taken for the parameter information to be outputted from the output queue, and to transmit the reflection signal after the float time. 12. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determine the parameter information, based on at least one of setting of a user, a state of the electronic device, a shooting mode set in the electronic device, characteristics of the first image sensor and the second image sensor, or whether the first image sensor and the second image sensor are operated. 13. An electronic device comprising:
a first image sensor; a second image sensor electrically connected with the first image sensor through a first interface; and a processor comprising a second interface connected with the first image sensor, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine parameter information for controlling the first image sensor and the second image sensor regarding shooting;
transmit the determined parameter information to the first image sensor and the second image sensor; and
transmit a reflection signal for use of the parameter information through the second interface,
wherein the first image sensor is configured to receive the reflection signal from the processor through the second interface, and to transmit the reflection signal to the second image sensor through the first interface to cause the second image sensor to use the parameter information in response to the reflection signal. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine first parameter information corresponding to the first image sensor, and second parameter information corresponding to the second image sensor; and transmit the first parameter information to the first image sensor, and to transmit the second parameter information to the second image sensor. 15. The electronic device of claim 13,
wherein the first image sensor is configured to determine a time to transmit the reflection signal by considering a time taken for the parameter information to be transmitted to the second image sensor, and to use the parameter information after transmitting the reflection signal to the second image sensor, and wherein the second image sensor is configured to receive the parameter information from the first image sensor, to delay an operation of using the parameter information until the reflection signal is received, and to use the parameter information after receiving the reflection signal from the first image sensor. | 1,600 |
345,356 | 16,643,286 | 1,644 | A spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process includes: estimating a targeted spinal correction rod implant shape based on a patient specific spine shape correction and including spine 3D modeling, one or more simulation loops each including: first simulating an intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape from modeling mechanical interaction between the patient specific spine and: either, for the first simulation, the implant shape, or, for subsequent simulation, if any, an overbent implant shape resulting from the previous simulation loop, a second simulation of an implant shape overbending applied to the targeted spinal correction rod implant shape producing an overbent spinal correction rod implant shape representing a difference between: either, for the first loop, the targeted spinal correction rod implant shape, or, for subsequent loop, if any, the overbent spinal correction rod implant shape resulting from the previous simulation loop, and the intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape. | 1. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part comprising:
an estimation step (90) of a targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) which is based on a patient specific spine shape correction (2) and which includes a patient specific spine 3D modeling (91, 92), one or more simulation loops (60) each comprising:
a first simulation step of an intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) resulting from a modeling of a mechanical interaction (4) between said patient specific spine (1) and:
either, for the first simulation loop, said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3),
or, for subsequent simulation loop(s), if any, an overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) resulting from the previous simulation loop,
a second simulation step of a spinal correction rod implant shape overbending (7) which is applied to said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) to give a resulting overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) and which is representative of a difference between:
either, for the first loop, said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3), or, for subsequent simulation loop(s), if any, said overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) resulting from the previous simulation loop,
and said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5). 2. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein it comprises:
only a single simulation loop (60). 3. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein it comprises:
at least 2 iterative simulation loops (60), preferably at least 5 iterative simulation loops, more preferably less than 10 iterative simulation loops. 4. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 3, wherein:
the number of iterative simulation loops (60) will be determined during running of simulation loops by checking, at each simulation loop, that the difference (6) between targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) and intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) is below a predetermined threshold. 5. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 3, wherein:
the number of iterative simulation loops (60) is a predetermined number of iterative simulation loops, and wherein preferably said predetermined number of iterative simulation loops depends on the type of patient spine scoliosis and/or on the magnitude of patient spine scoliosis. 6. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
said mechanical interaction modeling (4) is selected or structured so that, when said resulting overbent spinal correction rod implant (8) is to be implanted (10) on said patient specific spine (1) and when said implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (10) is to be modified by an effective mechanical interaction (11) between said implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (10) and said patient specific spine (1) so as to become an implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12), said implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12) is closer to said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) than said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) from first simulation loop. 7. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 6, wherein:
said implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12) is closer to said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) than said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5), by at least a factor 2, preferably by at least a factor 5, more preferably by at least a factor 10. 8. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said second simulation step, said spinal correction rod implant shape overbending (7) in sagittal plane is the difference between:
either, for the first loop, said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) projection in sagittal plane, or, for subsequent loops, an overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) resulting from the previous loop projection in sagittal plane,
and said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) projection in sagittal plane. 9. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said second simulation step, said spinal correction rod implant shape overbending (7) in coronal plane is the difference between:
either, for the first loop, said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) projection in coronal plane, or, for subsequent loops, an overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) resulting from the previous loop projection in coronal plane,
and said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) projection in coronal plane. 10. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said first simulation step, said mechanical interaction modeling (4) uses, as input parameters, at least both the patient specific spine rigidity before correction and the distances existing between said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) and said patient specific spine (1) before correction. 11. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said first simulation step, said mechanical interaction modeling (4) uses, as input parameters, at least both the spinal correction rod implant material and the spinal correction rod implant section. 12. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said first simulation step, said mechanical interaction modeling (4) is based on hybrid model integrating:
rigid non-deformable bodies both for patient spine vertebrae and for spinal support implants attached on patient spine vertebrae and supporting said spinal correction rod implant(s),
one or more deformable bodies for said spinal correction rod implant(s). 13. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 12, wherein:
said hybrid model also integrates:
contact interfaces respectively located between rigid non-deformable bodies of spinal support implants and deformable body of said spinal correction rod implant. 14. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 12, wherein:
said contact interfaces include virtual springs at the nodes where the contact between said two bodies is about to happen, the stiffness of said virtual springs being chosen sufficiently high so as to get only a residual penetration between said two bodies and not too high so as to get a high convergence rate in the iterative resolution process. 15. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein it also comprises, after completion of last second simulation step, a supplementary check step (70) including:
a phase of simulated implantation of said resulting overbent spinal correction rod implant (8) on said patient specific spine (1), so as to give an implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant (10), a phase of modification of said implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (10) by a simulated mechanical interaction (4) between said implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (10) and said patient specific spine (1) so as to give an implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12), a phase of comparison (13) of a first difference between said implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12) and said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) with a second difference between said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) and said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3), a phase of validation checking (14) that said implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12) is closer to said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) than said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5), preferably by at least a factor 2, more preferably by at least a factor 5, even more preferably by at least a factor 10. 16. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein said estimation step comprises:
a phase of patient specific spine 3D geometry modeling (91), preferably performed at the beginning of said estimation step (90). 17. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 16, wherein said 3D geometry modeling phase (91) comprises:
a first operation (15) of taking both a frontal and a lateral patient specific spine X-ray images, a second operation (16) of generating a patient specific spine 3D geometry model from both said frontal and lateral patient specific spine X-ray images. 18. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein said estimation step comprises:
a phase of patient specific spine 3D finite element modeling (92), preferably performed in the middle of said estimation step (90). 19. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 18, wherein said 3D finite element modeling phase (92) comprises:
an operation of subtraction of simulated gravitational forces (18), from a first patient specific spine 3D finite element model (17), representative of patient spine in vertical image taking position, so as to get a second patient specific spine 3D finite element model (19), representative of patient spine in horizontal surgery performing position. 20. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 19, wherein:
said first patient specific spine 3D finite element model (17) comes from a patient specific spine 3D geometry model (16). 21. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 18, wherein:
in said 3D finite element modeling phase (92), said 3D finite element modeling of said patient specific spine includes one or more interbody cages and/or one or more osteotomies. 22. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein said estimation step (90) comprises:
a phase of patient specific spine correction feasibility assessment (93), preferably performed at the end of said estimation step (90). 23. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 22, wherein said correction feasibility assessment phase (93) comprises:
a first operation of comparison between said second patient specific spine 3D finite element model (19) and an ideally aimed corrected patient spine (20), so as to get a patient specific spine shape correction (2) and a corresponding targeted spinal correction rod implant (3), a second operation of feasibility checking (21) of said patient specific spine shape correction (2), including:
checking of biomechanical feasibility, at least by checking that vertebrae of patient specific spine do not interfere with one another when said targeted spinal correction rod implant will be implanted on said patient specific spine,
and/or checking of correction feasibility, at least by checking that the corrective forces, exerted when said targeted spinal correction rod implant will be implanted on said patient specific spine, do not exceed a predetermined threshold above which the risk of damage or even of break of a vertebra of the patient specific spine becomes non negligible. 24. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 23, wherein:
said second operation of feasibility checking (21) of said patient specific spine shape correction (2) is based on an essentially linear representation of the efforts exerted by said patient specific spine (1) on said targeted spinal correction rod implant (3). 25. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 24, wherein:
said essentially linear representation of the efforts exerted by said patient specific spine (1) on said targeted spinal correction rod implant (3) is based on a springs model. 26. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 25, wherein:
in said springs model, each tensional spring (54) has a first extremity which is attached to the center of a vertebra of the patient specific spine (1) and a second extremity which is attached to the corresponding position of the targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3). 27. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 26, wherein:
different existing offsets between vertebrae to be corrected in the patient specific spine (1), if any, are cancelled so that the initial force applied by the tensional springs (54) on all the vertebrae to be corrected is the same. 28. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 26, wherein:
additional torsional springs are implemented between said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) and said patient specific spine shape (1) so as to correct the axial rotation of the vertebrae of the patient specific spine in the transverse plan with respect to the patient specific spine. 29. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 28, wherein:
different existing offsets between vertebrae to be corrected in the patient specific spine (1), if any, are cancelled so that the initial moment applied by the torsional springs on all the vertebrae to be corrected is the same. 30. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
said mechanical interaction modeling (4) uses a stiffness matrix for each intervertebral unit needing a spinal correction in the patient specific spine (1). | A spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process includes: estimating a targeted spinal correction rod implant shape based on a patient specific spine shape correction and including spine 3D modeling, one or more simulation loops each including: first simulating an intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape from modeling mechanical interaction between the patient specific spine and: either, for the first simulation, the implant shape, or, for subsequent simulation, if any, an overbent implant shape resulting from the previous simulation loop, a second simulation of an implant shape overbending applied to the targeted spinal correction rod implant shape producing an overbent spinal correction rod implant shape representing a difference between: either, for the first loop, the targeted spinal correction rod implant shape, or, for subsequent loop, if any, the overbent spinal correction rod implant shape resulting from the previous simulation loop, and the intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape.1. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part comprising:
an estimation step (90) of a targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) which is based on a patient specific spine shape correction (2) and which includes a patient specific spine 3D modeling (91, 92), one or more simulation loops (60) each comprising:
a first simulation step of an intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) resulting from a modeling of a mechanical interaction (4) between said patient specific spine (1) and:
either, for the first simulation loop, said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3),
or, for subsequent simulation loop(s), if any, an overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) resulting from the previous simulation loop,
a second simulation step of a spinal correction rod implant shape overbending (7) which is applied to said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) to give a resulting overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) and which is representative of a difference between:
either, for the first loop, said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3), or, for subsequent simulation loop(s), if any, said overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) resulting from the previous simulation loop,
and said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5). 2. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein it comprises:
only a single simulation loop (60). 3. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein it comprises:
at least 2 iterative simulation loops (60), preferably at least 5 iterative simulation loops, more preferably less than 10 iterative simulation loops. 4. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 3, wherein:
the number of iterative simulation loops (60) will be determined during running of simulation loops by checking, at each simulation loop, that the difference (6) between targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) and intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) is below a predetermined threshold. 5. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 3, wherein:
the number of iterative simulation loops (60) is a predetermined number of iterative simulation loops, and wherein preferably said predetermined number of iterative simulation loops depends on the type of patient spine scoliosis and/or on the magnitude of patient spine scoliosis. 6. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
said mechanical interaction modeling (4) is selected or structured so that, when said resulting overbent spinal correction rod implant (8) is to be implanted (10) on said patient specific spine (1) and when said implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (10) is to be modified by an effective mechanical interaction (11) between said implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (10) and said patient specific spine (1) so as to become an implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12), said implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12) is closer to said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) than said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) from first simulation loop. 7. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 6, wherein:
said implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12) is closer to said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) than said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5), by at least a factor 2, preferably by at least a factor 5, more preferably by at least a factor 10. 8. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said second simulation step, said spinal correction rod implant shape overbending (7) in sagittal plane is the difference between:
either, for the first loop, said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) projection in sagittal plane, or, for subsequent loops, an overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) resulting from the previous loop projection in sagittal plane,
and said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) projection in sagittal plane. 9. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said second simulation step, said spinal correction rod implant shape overbending (7) in coronal plane is the difference between:
either, for the first loop, said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) projection in coronal plane, or, for subsequent loops, an overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (8) resulting from the previous loop projection in coronal plane,
and said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) projection in coronal plane. 10. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said first simulation step, said mechanical interaction modeling (4) uses, as input parameters, at least both the patient specific spine rigidity before correction and the distances existing between said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) and said patient specific spine (1) before correction. 11. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said first simulation step, said mechanical interaction modeling (4) uses, as input parameters, at least both the spinal correction rod implant material and the spinal correction rod implant section. 12. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
in said first simulation step, said mechanical interaction modeling (4) is based on hybrid model integrating:
rigid non-deformable bodies both for patient spine vertebrae and for spinal support implants attached on patient spine vertebrae and supporting said spinal correction rod implant(s),
one or more deformable bodies for said spinal correction rod implant(s). 13. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 12, wherein:
said hybrid model also integrates:
contact interfaces respectively located between rigid non-deformable bodies of spinal support implants and deformable body of said spinal correction rod implant. 14. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 12, wherein:
said contact interfaces include virtual springs at the nodes where the contact between said two bodies is about to happen, the stiffness of said virtual springs being chosen sufficiently high so as to get only a residual penetration between said two bodies and not too high so as to get a high convergence rate in the iterative resolution process. 15. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein it also comprises, after completion of last second simulation step, a supplementary check step (70) including:
a phase of simulated implantation of said resulting overbent spinal correction rod implant (8) on said patient specific spine (1), so as to give an implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant (10), a phase of modification of said implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (10) by a simulated mechanical interaction (4) between said implanted overbent spinal correction rod implant shape (10) and said patient specific spine (1) so as to give an implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12), a phase of comparison (13) of a first difference between said implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12) and said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) with a second difference between said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5) and said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3), a phase of validation checking (14) that said implanted final spinal correction rod implant shape (12) is closer to said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) than said intermediate spinal correction rod implant shape (5), preferably by at least a factor 2, more preferably by at least a factor 5, even more preferably by at least a factor 10. 16. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein said estimation step comprises:
a phase of patient specific spine 3D geometry modeling (91), preferably performed at the beginning of said estimation step (90). 17. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 16, wherein said 3D geometry modeling phase (91) comprises:
a first operation (15) of taking both a frontal and a lateral patient specific spine X-ray images, a second operation (16) of generating a patient specific spine 3D geometry model from both said frontal and lateral patient specific spine X-ray images. 18. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein said estimation step comprises:
a phase of patient specific spine 3D finite element modeling (92), preferably performed in the middle of said estimation step (90). 19. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 18, wherein said 3D finite element modeling phase (92) comprises:
an operation of subtraction of simulated gravitational forces (18), from a first patient specific spine 3D finite element model (17), representative of patient spine in vertical image taking position, so as to get a second patient specific spine 3D finite element model (19), representative of patient spine in horizontal surgery performing position. 20. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 19, wherein:
said first patient specific spine 3D finite element model (17) comes from a patient specific spine 3D geometry model (16). 21. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 18, wherein:
in said 3D finite element modeling phase (92), said 3D finite element modeling of said patient specific spine includes one or more interbody cages and/or one or more osteotomies. 22. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein said estimation step (90) comprises:
a phase of patient specific spine correction feasibility assessment (93), preferably performed at the end of said estimation step (90). 23. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 22, wherein said correction feasibility assessment phase (93) comprises:
a first operation of comparison between said second patient specific spine 3D finite element model (19) and an ideally aimed corrected patient spine (20), so as to get a patient specific spine shape correction (2) and a corresponding targeted spinal correction rod implant (3), a second operation of feasibility checking (21) of said patient specific spine shape correction (2), including:
checking of biomechanical feasibility, at least by checking that vertebrae of patient specific spine do not interfere with one another when said targeted spinal correction rod implant will be implanted on said patient specific spine,
and/or checking of correction feasibility, at least by checking that the corrective forces, exerted when said targeted spinal correction rod implant will be implanted on said patient specific spine, do not exceed a predetermined threshold above which the risk of damage or even of break of a vertebra of the patient specific spine becomes non negligible. 24. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 23, wherein:
said second operation of feasibility checking (21) of said patient specific spine shape correction (2) is based on an essentially linear representation of the efforts exerted by said patient specific spine (1) on said targeted spinal correction rod implant (3). 25. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 24, wherein:
said essentially linear representation of the efforts exerted by said patient specific spine (1) on said targeted spinal correction rod implant (3) is based on a springs model. 26. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 25, wherein:
in said springs model, each tensional spring (54) has a first extremity which is attached to the center of a vertebra of the patient specific spine (1) and a second extremity which is attached to the corresponding position of the targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3). 27. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 26, wherein:
different existing offsets between vertebrae to be corrected in the patient specific spine (1), if any, are cancelled so that the initial force applied by the tensional springs (54) on all the vertebrae to be corrected is the same. 28. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 26, wherein:
additional torsional springs are implemented between said targeted spinal correction rod implant shape (3) and said patient specific spine shape (1) so as to correct the axial rotation of the vertebrae of the patient specific spine in the transverse plan with respect to the patient specific spine. 29. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 28, wherein:
different existing offsets between vertebrae to be corrected in the patient specific spine (1), if any, are cancelled so that the initial moment applied by the torsional springs on all the vertebrae to be corrected is the same. 30. Spinal correction rod implant manufacturing process part according to claim 1, wherein:
said mechanical interaction modeling (4) uses a stiffness matrix for each intervertebral unit needing a spinal correction in the patient specific spine (1). | 1,600 |
345,357 | 16,643,247 | 1,644 | A robotic surgical system or simulator includes an input device, a display device, and a processing unit. The display device includes a representation of a surgical tool that is operably associated with the input device. The processing unit is in communication with the input device and is associated with the representation of a surgical tool to rotate the representation about a first axis of movement based on a scaled rotation of the input device about a first axis of rotation. In an aligned configuration, the input device is aligned with the representation about the first axis of rotation. When the input device is misaligned with the representation, the processing unit varies the scaled rotation of the input device to return the input device to the first aligned configuration until the input device is misaligned about the first axis of rotation a first predetermined offset from the aligned configuration. | 1. A robotic surgical system or simulator comprising:
an input device rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a display device including a representation of a surgical tool operably associated with the input device; and a processing unit in communication with the input device and operatively associated with the representation of a surgical tool to rotate the representation of a surgical tool about a first axis of movement based on a scaled rotation of the input device about the first axis of rotation, the input device having an aligned configuration in which the input device is aligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the first axis of rotation, wherein when the input device is misaligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the first axis of rotation, the processing unit varies the scaled rotation of the input device about the first axis of rotation to return the input device to the first aligned configuration until the input device is misaligned about the first axis of rotation a first predetermined offset from the aligned configuration. 2. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, the first predetermined offset is in a range of 5° and 45°. 3. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, wherein the input device is rotatable about a second axis of rotation perpendicular to the first axis of rotation, wherein the processing unit is in communication with the input device and operably associated with the representation of a surgical tool to rotate the representation of a surgical tool about a second axis of movement based on a scaled rotation of the input device about the second axis of rotation, wherein, in the aligned configuration, the input device is aligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the second axis of rotation, and wherein when the input device is misaligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the second axis of rotation, the processing unit varies the scaled rotation of the input device about the second axis of rotation to return the input device to the aligned configuration until the input device is misaligned about the second axis of rotation a second predetermined offset from the aligned configuration. 4. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 3, wherein the first predetermined offset is equal to the second predetermined offset. 5. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 3, wherein the first predetermined offset is greater than the second predetermined offset. 6. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 5, wherein the first predetermined offset is in a range of about 16° to about 45° and the second predetermined offset is in a range of about 5° to about 15°. 7. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 3, wherein the input device is rotatable about a third axis of rotation perpendicular to the first and second axes of rotation, wherein the processing unit is in communication with the input device and operably associated with the representation of a surgical tool to rotate the representation of a surgical tool about a third axis of movement based on a scaled rotation of the input device about the third axis of rotation, wherein, in the aligned configuration, the input device is aligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the third axis of rotation, and wherein, when the input device is misaligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the third axis of rotation, the processing unit varies the scaled rotation of the input device about the third axis of rotation to return the input device to the aligned configuration until the input device is misaligned about the third axis of rotation a third predetermined offset from the aligned configuration. 8. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 7, wherein the first predetermined offset is equal to each of the second predetermined offset and the third predetermined offset. 9. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 7, wherein the first predetermined offset is greater than each of the second predetermined offset and third predetermined offset. 10. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 9, wherein the second predetermined offset is greater than the third predetermined offset. 11. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, wherein the first predetermined offset is selectable by a user. 12. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, wherein the first predetermined offset is determined based on the representation of a surgical tool. 13. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, wherein when the input device is misaligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the first axis of rotation by an amount greater than a predetermined misalignment, the aligned configuration is flipped 180° about the first axis of rotation. 14. A method of operating a surgical robot or surgical simulator, the method comprising:
receiving, with a processing unit, a rotation of an input device of a robotic surgical system about a first axis of rotation; and scaling the rotation of the input device to a rotation of a representation of a tool on a display device about a first axis of movement, the processing unit down scaling rotation of the input device when the input device is moved away from an aligned configuration to realign the input device with the representation of a tool until the input device is within a predetermined offset with the representation of a tool about the first axis of rotation. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein scaling rotation of the input device to the rotation of the representation of a tool on the display device about the first axis of movement includes the processing unit up scaling rotation of the input device when the input device is moved towards the aligned configuration to realign the input device with the representation of a tool until the input device is within the predetermined offset with the representation of a tool about the first axis of rotation. 16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising selecting the predetermined offset. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein selecting the predetermined offset includes the processing unit determining the predetermined offset based on the representation of a tool. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising flipping the aligned configuration of the input device 180° about the first axis of rotation when the input device is misaligned with the representation of the tool greater than a predetermined misalignment. | A robotic surgical system or simulator includes an input device, a display device, and a processing unit. The display device includes a representation of a surgical tool that is operably associated with the input device. The processing unit is in communication with the input device and is associated with the representation of a surgical tool to rotate the representation about a first axis of movement based on a scaled rotation of the input device about a first axis of rotation. In an aligned configuration, the input device is aligned with the representation about the first axis of rotation. When the input device is misaligned with the representation, the processing unit varies the scaled rotation of the input device to return the input device to the first aligned configuration until the input device is misaligned about the first axis of rotation a first predetermined offset from the aligned configuration.1. A robotic surgical system or simulator comprising:
an input device rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a display device including a representation of a surgical tool operably associated with the input device; and a processing unit in communication with the input device and operatively associated with the representation of a surgical tool to rotate the representation of a surgical tool about a first axis of movement based on a scaled rotation of the input device about the first axis of rotation, the input device having an aligned configuration in which the input device is aligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the first axis of rotation, wherein when the input device is misaligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the first axis of rotation, the processing unit varies the scaled rotation of the input device about the first axis of rotation to return the input device to the first aligned configuration until the input device is misaligned about the first axis of rotation a first predetermined offset from the aligned configuration. 2. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, the first predetermined offset is in a range of 5° and 45°. 3. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, wherein the input device is rotatable about a second axis of rotation perpendicular to the first axis of rotation, wherein the processing unit is in communication with the input device and operably associated with the representation of a surgical tool to rotate the representation of a surgical tool about a second axis of movement based on a scaled rotation of the input device about the second axis of rotation, wherein, in the aligned configuration, the input device is aligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the second axis of rotation, and wherein when the input device is misaligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the second axis of rotation, the processing unit varies the scaled rotation of the input device about the second axis of rotation to return the input device to the aligned configuration until the input device is misaligned about the second axis of rotation a second predetermined offset from the aligned configuration. 4. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 3, wherein the first predetermined offset is equal to the second predetermined offset. 5. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 3, wherein the first predetermined offset is greater than the second predetermined offset. 6. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 5, wherein the first predetermined offset is in a range of about 16° to about 45° and the second predetermined offset is in a range of about 5° to about 15°. 7. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 3, wherein the input device is rotatable about a third axis of rotation perpendicular to the first and second axes of rotation, wherein the processing unit is in communication with the input device and operably associated with the representation of a surgical tool to rotate the representation of a surgical tool about a third axis of movement based on a scaled rotation of the input device about the third axis of rotation, wherein, in the aligned configuration, the input device is aligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the third axis of rotation, and wherein, when the input device is misaligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the third axis of rotation, the processing unit varies the scaled rotation of the input device about the third axis of rotation to return the input device to the aligned configuration until the input device is misaligned about the third axis of rotation a third predetermined offset from the aligned configuration. 8. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 7, wherein the first predetermined offset is equal to each of the second predetermined offset and the third predetermined offset. 9. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 7, wherein the first predetermined offset is greater than each of the second predetermined offset and third predetermined offset. 10. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 9, wherein the second predetermined offset is greater than the third predetermined offset. 11. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, wherein the first predetermined offset is selectable by a user. 12. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, wherein the first predetermined offset is determined based on the representation of a surgical tool. 13. The robotic surgical system or simulator according to claim 1, wherein when the input device is misaligned with the representation of a surgical tool about the first axis of rotation by an amount greater than a predetermined misalignment, the aligned configuration is flipped 180° about the first axis of rotation. 14. A method of operating a surgical robot or surgical simulator, the method comprising:
receiving, with a processing unit, a rotation of an input device of a robotic surgical system about a first axis of rotation; and scaling the rotation of the input device to a rotation of a representation of a tool on a display device about a first axis of movement, the processing unit down scaling rotation of the input device when the input device is moved away from an aligned configuration to realign the input device with the representation of a tool until the input device is within a predetermined offset with the representation of a tool about the first axis of rotation. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein scaling rotation of the input device to the rotation of the representation of a tool on the display device about the first axis of movement includes the processing unit up scaling rotation of the input device when the input device is moved towards the aligned configuration to realign the input device with the representation of a tool until the input device is within the predetermined offset with the representation of a tool about the first axis of rotation. 16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising selecting the predetermined offset. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein selecting the predetermined offset includes the processing unit determining the predetermined offset based on the representation of a tool. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising flipping the aligned configuration of the input device 180° about the first axis of rotation when the input device is misaligned with the representation of the tool greater than a predetermined misalignment. | 1,600 |
345,358 | 16,643,249 | 1,644 | Methods and systems of controlling odor in. water by adding a humic composition to the water. The humic composition cm adsorb or otherwise neutralize malodorous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and mercaptans. The methods are useful in food and. agricultural industries where the water may come in contact with food items. | 1. A method of controlling odor in water, the method comprising:
collecting the water in a holding area; adding a humic composition to the water by distributing the humic composition on the surface of the water in the holding area; and then allowing the humic composition to settle toward the bottom of the holding area. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the water in the holding area is substantially still or stagnant. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the humic composition is a liquid. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the humic composition is sprayed over the surface of the water in the holding area. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the humic composition is added in an amount in the range of 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm (wt. solids/wt. water). 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the humic composition is added in an amount in the range of 0.5 ppm to 10 ppm (wt. solids/wt. water). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the holding area is provided as a tank, a pool, a pond, or a lagoon. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting the presence of a malodorous compound in or around the holding area, the malodorous compound being selected from one or more of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and a mercaptan. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining a concentration of the malodorous compound that is detected and adding the humic composition to the water in the holding area if the determined concentration exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 10. A method of controlling odor in a water system in which water contacts food items, the method comprising:
collecting the water in a holding area; adding a humic composition to the water by distributing the humic composition onto the surface of the water in the holding area; allowing the humic composition to settle toward the bottom of the holding area; and then drawing a portion of remaining supernatant water from the holding area and contacting the food items with the supernatant water. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the water system includes a first stream that feeds water into the holding area, and the method further comprises adding humic composition to the first stream. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the humic composition is added to the first stream after the step of adding the humic composition to the water in the holding area. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the water system comprises a wash process for washing vegetables. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the water used to wash vegetables is then collected in the holding area. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the vegetables are sugar beets. 16. A system for controlling odor in a body of water, the system comprising:
at least one sensor that is configured to detect a malodorous compound and provide a detection result; a controller that is configured to receive the detection result from the sensor and determine whether the detection result exceeds a predetermined threshold level; and a humic composition supply station that is arranged to control an amount of a humic composition added to the water based on signals received from the controller. 17. A method of controlling odor in a water system in which water contacts food items, the method comprising:
adding a liquid humic composition to the water, wherein the liquid humic composition is substantially free of added suspension agents. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising using at least a portion of the water to which the liquid humic composition has been added to contact food items. | Methods and systems of controlling odor in. water by adding a humic composition to the water. The humic composition cm adsorb or otherwise neutralize malodorous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and mercaptans. The methods are useful in food and. agricultural industries where the water may come in contact with food items.1. A method of controlling odor in water, the method comprising:
collecting the water in a holding area; adding a humic composition to the water by distributing the humic composition on the surface of the water in the holding area; and then allowing the humic composition to settle toward the bottom of the holding area. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the water in the holding area is substantially still or stagnant. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the humic composition is a liquid. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the humic composition is sprayed over the surface of the water in the holding area. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the humic composition is added in an amount in the range of 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm (wt. solids/wt. water). 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the humic composition is added in an amount in the range of 0.5 ppm to 10 ppm (wt. solids/wt. water). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the holding area is provided as a tank, a pool, a pond, or a lagoon. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting the presence of a malodorous compound in or around the holding area, the malodorous compound being selected from one or more of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and a mercaptan. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining a concentration of the malodorous compound that is detected and adding the humic composition to the water in the holding area if the determined concentration exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 10. A method of controlling odor in a water system in which water contacts food items, the method comprising:
collecting the water in a holding area; adding a humic composition to the water by distributing the humic composition onto the surface of the water in the holding area; allowing the humic composition to settle toward the bottom of the holding area; and then drawing a portion of remaining supernatant water from the holding area and contacting the food items with the supernatant water. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the water system includes a first stream that feeds water into the holding area, and the method further comprises adding humic composition to the first stream. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the humic composition is added to the first stream after the step of adding the humic composition to the water in the holding area. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the water system comprises a wash process for washing vegetables. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the water used to wash vegetables is then collected in the holding area. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the vegetables are sugar beets. 16. A system for controlling odor in a body of water, the system comprising:
at least one sensor that is configured to detect a malodorous compound and provide a detection result; a controller that is configured to receive the detection result from the sensor and determine whether the detection result exceeds a predetermined threshold level; and a humic composition supply station that is arranged to control an amount of a humic composition added to the water based on signals received from the controller. 17. A method of controlling odor in a water system in which water contacts food items, the method comprising:
adding a liquid humic composition to the water, wherein the liquid humic composition is substantially free of added suspension agents. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising using at least a portion of the water to which the liquid humic composition has been added to contact food items. | 1,600 |
345,359 | 16,643,266 | 1,644 | A computerized method (200) of performing a purchase and an associated communication system are disclosed. A customer mobile computing device (CMCD) communicates (210) with a server computing device (SCD) to generate an order for the purchase. The server computing device (SCD) communicates (220) with a payment processor computing device (PPCD) to perform a first part of a payment transaction for the purchase, wherein the first part of the payment transaction involves reserving funds for the purchase. A merchant computing device (MCD) performs (230) a digital handshake procedure with the customer mobile computing device (CMCD). The digital handshake procedure involves short-range wireless data communication to verify spatial proximity between the customer mobile computing device (CMCD) and the merchant computing device (MCD). When spatial proximity has been verified, the merchant computing device (MCD) communicates (240) with the server computing device (SCD) to accept the order. The server computing device (SCD) communicates (250) with the payment processor computing device (PPCD) to perform a second part of the payment transaction, wherein the second part of the payment transaction involves capturing funds for the purchase. | 1. A computerized method of performing a purchase, comprising:
a customer mobile computing device communicating with a server computing device to generate an order for the purchase; the server computing device communicating with a payment processor computing device to perform a first part of a payment transaction for the purchase, wherein the first part of the payment transaction involves reserving funds for the purchase; a merchant computing device performing a digital handshake procedure with the customer mobile computing device, the digital handshake procedure involving short-range wireless data communication to verify spatial proximity between the customer mobile computing device and the merchant computing device; when spatial proximity has been verified, the merchant computing device communicating with the server computing device to accept the order; and the server computing device communicating with the payment processor computing device to perform a second part of the payment transaction, wherein the second part of the payment transaction involves capturing funds for the purchase. 2. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising:
the server computing device or the payment processor computing device detecting a timeout if the second part of the payment transaction is not performed, and cancelling the first part of the payment transaction by removing the reservation of funds. 3. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising initial steps of:
the customer mobile computing device providing customer payment information to the payment processor computing device; the payment processor computing device in response registering the customer payment information and providing a payment token to the customer mobile computing device; the customer mobile computing device in response providing the payment token to the server computing device; and the server computing device in response registering the customer payment token for future use when performing the first part of the payment transaction for the purchase. 4. The method as defined in claim 3, wherein the server computing device communicating with the payment processor computing device to perform the first part of the payment transaction for the purchase involves:
the server computing device providing the registered payment token to the payment processor computing device; based on the provided payment token, the payment processor computing device executing the first part of the payment transaction for the purchase and responding to the server computing device with a transaction identity; and the server computing device registering the transaction identity for future use when performing the second part of the payment transaction for the purchase. 5. The method as defined in claim 4, wherein the server computing device communicating with the payment processor computing device to perform the second part of the payment transaction involves:
the server computing device retrieving the registered the transaction identity and providing it to the payment processor computing device; and based on the provided transaction identity, the payment processor computing device executing the second part of the payment transaction for the purchase. 6. The method as defined in claim 5, further comprising:
the payment processor computing device confirming successful performance of the second part of the payment transaction to the server computing device; and the server computing device in response communicating a payment completion acknowledgement to the customer mobile computing device and the merchant computing device. 7. The method as defined in claim 6, further comprising:
in response to receiving the payment completion acknowledgement the customer mobile computing device and the merchant computing device each providing a user feedback in a local user interface of each device. 8. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the customer mobile computing device receives and registers an order identity when the order is generated; the customer mobile computing device provides the order identity to the merchant computing device when performing the digital handshake procedure; and the merchant computing device provides the order identity to the server computing device when communicating to accept the order. 9. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the digital handshake procedure involves verifying spatial proximity based on received signal strength information in the short-range wireless data communication between the merchant computing device and the customer mobile computing device. 10. The method as defined in claim 9, further comprising initial steps of:
the customer mobile computing device providing customer payment information to the payment processor computing device; the payment processor computing device in response registering the customer payment information and providing a payment token to the customer mobile computing device; the customer mobile computing device in response providing the payment token to the server computing, device; the server computing device in response registering the customer payment token for future use when performing the first part of the payment transaction for the purchase; the customer mobile computing device receiving and registering an order identity when the order is generated; the customer mobile computing device providing the order identity to the merchant computing device when performing the digital handshake procedure; and the merchant computing device providing the order identity to the server computing device when communicating to accept the order; wherein the digital handshake procedure further involves, when spatial proximity has been verified: discovering at least a device identity of the merchant computing device; and based on the discovered device identity of the merchant computing device, the customer mobile computing device providing the order identity of the order to the merchant computing device, and wherein the method further involves: the merchant computing device in response communicating with the server computing device to retrieve information about the order as identified by the order identity; and the server computing device in response determining the payment transaction identity based on the order identity and communicating with the payment processor computing device to cause performance of the second part of the payment transaction. 11. A computer program comprising program instructions for causing performance of the functionality of the customer mobile computing device in the method of claim 1 when the program instructions are executed by a processing unit. 12. A computer program comprising program instructions for causing performance of the functionality of the merchant computing device in the method of claim 1 when the program instructions are executed by a processing unit. 13. A computer program comprising program instructions for causing performance of the functionality of the server computing device in the method of claim 1 when the program instructions are executed by a processing unit. 14. A computer program comprising program instructions for causing performance of the functionality of the payment processor computing device in the method of claim 1 when the program instructions are executed by a processing unit. 15. A communication system comprising:
a customer mobile computing device; a merchant computing device; a server computing device; and a payment processor computing device; wherein the customer mobile computing device and the server computing device are configured for communicating to generate an order for the purchase; wherein the server computing device and the payment processor computing device are configured for communicating to perform a first part of a payment transaction for the purchase, wherein the first part of the payment transaction involves reserving funds for the purchase; wherein the merchant computing device and the customer mobile computing device are configured for performing a digital handshake procedure, the digital handshake procedure involving short-range wireless data communication to verify spatial proximity between the customer mobile computing device and the merchant computing device; wherein the merchant computing device and the server computing device are configured, when spatial proximity has been verified, for communicating to accept the order; and wherein the server computing device and the payment processor computing device are configured for communicating to perform a second part of the payment transaction, wherein the second part of the payment transaction involves capturing funds for the purchase. 16. The communication system as defined in claim 15, wherein the server computing device or the payment processor computing device is configured for detecting a timeout if the second part of the payment transaction is not performed, and for cancelling the first part of the payment transaction by removing the reservation of funds. | A computerized method (200) of performing a purchase and an associated communication system are disclosed. A customer mobile computing device (CMCD) communicates (210) with a server computing device (SCD) to generate an order for the purchase. The server computing device (SCD) communicates (220) with a payment processor computing device (PPCD) to perform a first part of a payment transaction for the purchase, wherein the first part of the payment transaction involves reserving funds for the purchase. A merchant computing device (MCD) performs (230) a digital handshake procedure with the customer mobile computing device (CMCD). The digital handshake procedure involves short-range wireless data communication to verify spatial proximity between the customer mobile computing device (CMCD) and the merchant computing device (MCD). When spatial proximity has been verified, the merchant computing device (MCD) communicates (240) with the server computing device (SCD) to accept the order. The server computing device (SCD) communicates (250) with the payment processor computing device (PPCD) to perform a second part of the payment transaction, wherein the second part of the payment transaction involves capturing funds for the purchase.1. A computerized method of performing a purchase, comprising:
a customer mobile computing device communicating with a server computing device to generate an order for the purchase; the server computing device communicating with a payment processor computing device to perform a first part of a payment transaction for the purchase, wherein the first part of the payment transaction involves reserving funds for the purchase; a merchant computing device performing a digital handshake procedure with the customer mobile computing device, the digital handshake procedure involving short-range wireless data communication to verify spatial proximity between the customer mobile computing device and the merchant computing device; when spatial proximity has been verified, the merchant computing device communicating with the server computing device to accept the order; and the server computing device communicating with the payment processor computing device to perform a second part of the payment transaction, wherein the second part of the payment transaction involves capturing funds for the purchase. 2. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising:
the server computing device or the payment processor computing device detecting a timeout if the second part of the payment transaction is not performed, and cancelling the first part of the payment transaction by removing the reservation of funds. 3. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising initial steps of:
the customer mobile computing device providing customer payment information to the payment processor computing device; the payment processor computing device in response registering the customer payment information and providing a payment token to the customer mobile computing device; the customer mobile computing device in response providing the payment token to the server computing device; and the server computing device in response registering the customer payment token for future use when performing the first part of the payment transaction for the purchase. 4. The method as defined in claim 3, wherein the server computing device communicating with the payment processor computing device to perform the first part of the payment transaction for the purchase involves:
the server computing device providing the registered payment token to the payment processor computing device; based on the provided payment token, the payment processor computing device executing the first part of the payment transaction for the purchase and responding to the server computing device with a transaction identity; and the server computing device registering the transaction identity for future use when performing the second part of the payment transaction for the purchase. 5. The method as defined in claim 4, wherein the server computing device communicating with the payment processor computing device to perform the second part of the payment transaction involves:
the server computing device retrieving the registered the transaction identity and providing it to the payment processor computing device; and based on the provided transaction identity, the payment processor computing device executing the second part of the payment transaction for the purchase. 6. The method as defined in claim 5, further comprising:
the payment processor computing device confirming successful performance of the second part of the payment transaction to the server computing device; and the server computing device in response communicating a payment completion acknowledgement to the customer mobile computing device and the merchant computing device. 7. The method as defined in claim 6, further comprising:
in response to receiving the payment completion acknowledgement the customer mobile computing device and the merchant computing device each providing a user feedback in a local user interface of each device. 8. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein:
the customer mobile computing device receives and registers an order identity when the order is generated; the customer mobile computing device provides the order identity to the merchant computing device when performing the digital handshake procedure; and the merchant computing device provides the order identity to the server computing device when communicating to accept the order. 9. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the digital handshake procedure involves verifying spatial proximity based on received signal strength information in the short-range wireless data communication between the merchant computing device and the customer mobile computing device. 10. The method as defined in claim 9, further comprising initial steps of:
the customer mobile computing device providing customer payment information to the payment processor computing device; the payment processor computing device in response registering the customer payment information and providing a payment token to the customer mobile computing device; the customer mobile computing device in response providing the payment token to the server computing, device; the server computing device in response registering the customer payment token for future use when performing the first part of the payment transaction for the purchase; the customer mobile computing device receiving and registering an order identity when the order is generated; the customer mobile computing device providing the order identity to the merchant computing device when performing the digital handshake procedure; and the merchant computing device providing the order identity to the server computing device when communicating to accept the order; wherein the digital handshake procedure further involves, when spatial proximity has been verified: discovering at least a device identity of the merchant computing device; and based on the discovered device identity of the merchant computing device, the customer mobile computing device providing the order identity of the order to the merchant computing device, and wherein the method further involves: the merchant computing device in response communicating with the server computing device to retrieve information about the order as identified by the order identity; and the server computing device in response determining the payment transaction identity based on the order identity and communicating with the payment processor computing device to cause performance of the second part of the payment transaction. 11. A computer program comprising program instructions for causing performance of the functionality of the customer mobile computing device in the method of claim 1 when the program instructions are executed by a processing unit. 12. A computer program comprising program instructions for causing performance of the functionality of the merchant computing device in the method of claim 1 when the program instructions are executed by a processing unit. 13. A computer program comprising program instructions for causing performance of the functionality of the server computing device in the method of claim 1 when the program instructions are executed by a processing unit. 14. A computer program comprising program instructions for causing performance of the functionality of the payment processor computing device in the method of claim 1 when the program instructions are executed by a processing unit. 15. A communication system comprising:
a customer mobile computing device; a merchant computing device; a server computing device; and a payment processor computing device; wherein the customer mobile computing device and the server computing device are configured for communicating to generate an order for the purchase; wherein the server computing device and the payment processor computing device are configured for communicating to perform a first part of a payment transaction for the purchase, wherein the first part of the payment transaction involves reserving funds for the purchase; wherein the merchant computing device and the customer mobile computing device are configured for performing a digital handshake procedure, the digital handshake procedure involving short-range wireless data communication to verify spatial proximity between the customer mobile computing device and the merchant computing device; wherein the merchant computing device and the server computing device are configured, when spatial proximity has been verified, for communicating to accept the order; and wherein the server computing device and the payment processor computing device are configured for communicating to perform a second part of the payment transaction, wherein the second part of the payment transaction involves capturing funds for the purchase. 16. The communication system as defined in claim 15, wherein the server computing device or the payment processor computing device is configured for detecting a timeout if the second part of the payment transaction is not performed, and for cancelling the first part of the payment transaction by removing the reservation of funds. | 1,600 |
345,360 | 16,643,233 | 1,644 | An array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The array substrate includes a display pixel area for providing pixel units arranged in an array. The array substrate further includes: a base substrate a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and a first conductive pattern layer. The first insulating layer is provided on the base substrate, grooves are provided in the first insulating layer, and the grooves are provided in the display pixel area. The second insulating layer is provided on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer is also filled into the grooves. The first conductive pattern layer is provided on the second insulating layer. | 1. An array substrate, comprising a display pixel area configured for providing pixel units arranged in an array, the array substrate further comprising:
a base substrate; a first insulating layer, provided on the base substrate, and provided with a first groove in the first insulating layer and in the display pixel area; a second insulating layer, provided on the first insulating layer and further filled into the first groove; and a first conductive pattern layer provided on the second insulating layer. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer is an organic insulating layer. 3. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first groove exposes the base substrate. 4. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive pattern layer comprises a gate line or a portion of the gate line, and the gate line or the portion of the gate line is configured for the display pixel area. 5. The array substrate according to claim 4, wherein an extension direction of the first groove is parallel to the gate line or overlaps with the gate line in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 6. The array substrate according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the pixel units comprises a first transistor, the first transistor comprises a first gate electrode;
the first gate electrode is on a side of the second insulating layer close to the base substrate, and the first gate electrode is electrically connected to the gate line through a first via hole in the second insulating layer; the array substrate further comprises a gate connection electrode, wherein the gate connection electrode is between the second insulating layer and the first conductive pattern layer, and the first gate electrode is electrically connected to the gate line through the gate connection electrode. 7. The array substrate according to claim 6, wherein the first transistor further comprises a first source electrode and a first drain electrode, and the array substrate further comprises a data line configured for the display pixel area;
the first source electrode, the first drain electrode, the data line and the gate connection electrode are in a same layer and made of a same material. 8. The array substrate according to claim 7, wherein the first insulating layer is further provided with a second groove, and an extension direction of the second groove is parallel to the data line or overlaps the data line in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 9. The array substrate according to claim 8, wherein the pixel unit further comprises a second transistor;
the second transistor comprises a second gate electrode, and the second gate electrode is connected to the first source electrode or the first drain electrode of the first transistor. 10. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is further provided with a third groove and a fourth groove;
the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove are respectively at four sides of the second gate electrode. 11. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is further provided with a third groove, and the third groove is arranged in parallel with the second gate electrode and corresponding to the second gate electrode;
in a length direction of the third groove, a length of the third groove is greater than a length of the second gate electrode. 12. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the second transistor comprises a second source electrode and a second drain electrode, and the array substrate further comprises a third insulating layer;
in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the second source electrode and the second drain electrode are between the second insulating layer and the first conductive pattern layer; in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the third insulating layer is between the first conductive pattern layer and the second source electrode as well as the second drain electrode. 13. The array substrate according to claim 12, further comprising a fourth insulating layer and a pixel electrode laminated on the first conductive pattern layer,
wherein the second source electrode or the second drain electrode is electrically connected to the pixel electrode through a second via hole in the fourth insulating layer. 14. The array substrate according to claim 11, wherein the first conductive pattern layer further comprises a driving connection electrode;
the second source electrode or the second drain electrode is connected to the pixel electrode through the driving connection electrode. 15. The array substrate according to claim 6, further comprising a first capacitor electrode,
wherein in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the first capacitor electrode is disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. 16. The array substrate according to claim 15, further comprising a second capacitor electrode,
wherein the second capacitor electrode is in a same layer as the first gate electrode and directly faces the first capacitor electrode to form a capacitor. 17. A display panel comprising the array substrate according to claim 1. 18. A method for manufacturing an array substrate, the array substrate comprising a display pixel area for providing pixel units arranged in an array,
wherein the manufacturing method comprises:
providing a base substrate;
forming a first insulating layer on the base substrate, and forming a first groove in the first insulating layer and in the display pixel area;
forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer is further filled into the first groove; and
forming a first conductive pattern layer on the second insulating layer. 19. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein the first insulating layer is an organic insulating layer. 20. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein forming the first conductive pattern layer comprises:
forming a gate line for the display pixel area or forming a portion of the gate line configured for the display pixel area. | An array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The array substrate includes a display pixel area for providing pixel units arranged in an array. The array substrate further includes: a base substrate a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and a first conductive pattern layer. The first insulating layer is provided on the base substrate, grooves are provided in the first insulating layer, and the grooves are provided in the display pixel area. The second insulating layer is provided on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer is also filled into the grooves. The first conductive pattern layer is provided on the second insulating layer.1. An array substrate, comprising a display pixel area configured for providing pixel units arranged in an array, the array substrate further comprising:
a base substrate; a first insulating layer, provided on the base substrate, and provided with a first groove in the first insulating layer and in the display pixel area; a second insulating layer, provided on the first insulating layer and further filled into the first groove; and a first conductive pattern layer provided on the second insulating layer. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer is an organic insulating layer. 3. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first groove exposes the base substrate. 4. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive pattern layer comprises a gate line or a portion of the gate line, and the gate line or the portion of the gate line is configured for the display pixel area. 5. The array substrate according to claim 4, wherein an extension direction of the first groove is parallel to the gate line or overlaps with the gate line in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 6. The array substrate according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the pixel units comprises a first transistor, the first transistor comprises a first gate electrode;
the first gate electrode is on a side of the second insulating layer close to the base substrate, and the first gate electrode is electrically connected to the gate line through a first via hole in the second insulating layer; the array substrate further comprises a gate connection electrode, wherein the gate connection electrode is between the second insulating layer and the first conductive pattern layer, and the first gate electrode is electrically connected to the gate line through the gate connection electrode. 7. The array substrate according to claim 6, wherein the first transistor further comprises a first source electrode and a first drain electrode, and the array substrate further comprises a data line configured for the display pixel area;
the first source electrode, the first drain electrode, the data line and the gate connection electrode are in a same layer and made of a same material. 8. The array substrate according to claim 7, wherein the first insulating layer is further provided with a second groove, and an extension direction of the second groove is parallel to the data line or overlaps the data line in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 9. The array substrate according to claim 8, wherein the pixel unit further comprises a second transistor;
the second transistor comprises a second gate electrode, and the second gate electrode is connected to the first source electrode or the first drain electrode of the first transistor. 10. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is further provided with a third groove and a fourth groove;
the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove are respectively at four sides of the second gate electrode. 11. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is further provided with a third groove, and the third groove is arranged in parallel with the second gate electrode and corresponding to the second gate electrode;
in a length direction of the third groove, a length of the third groove is greater than a length of the second gate electrode. 12. The array substrate according to claim 9, wherein the second transistor comprises a second source electrode and a second drain electrode, and the array substrate further comprises a third insulating layer;
in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the second source electrode and the second drain electrode are between the second insulating layer and the first conductive pattern layer; in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the third insulating layer is between the first conductive pattern layer and the second source electrode as well as the second drain electrode. 13. The array substrate according to claim 12, further comprising a fourth insulating layer and a pixel electrode laminated on the first conductive pattern layer,
wherein the second source electrode or the second drain electrode is electrically connected to the pixel electrode through a second via hole in the fourth insulating layer. 14. The array substrate according to claim 11, wherein the first conductive pattern layer further comprises a driving connection electrode;
the second source electrode or the second drain electrode is connected to the pixel electrode through the driving connection electrode. 15. The array substrate according to claim 6, further comprising a first capacitor electrode,
wherein in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate, the first capacitor electrode is disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. 16. The array substrate according to claim 15, further comprising a second capacitor electrode,
wherein the second capacitor electrode is in a same layer as the first gate electrode and directly faces the first capacitor electrode to form a capacitor. 17. A display panel comprising the array substrate according to claim 1. 18. A method for manufacturing an array substrate, the array substrate comprising a display pixel area for providing pixel units arranged in an array,
wherein the manufacturing method comprises:
providing a base substrate;
forming a first insulating layer on the base substrate, and forming a first groove in the first insulating layer and in the display pixel area;
forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer is further filled into the first groove; and
forming a first conductive pattern layer on the second insulating layer. 19. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein the first insulating layer is an organic insulating layer. 20. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein forming the first conductive pattern layer comprises:
forming a gate line for the display pixel area or forming a portion of the gate line configured for the display pixel area. | 1,600 |
345,361 | 16,643,234 | 1,644 | There is provided a microfluidic device for capturing particles comprising a particle capturing chamber (100) including at least: a particle capturing unit (101) including one of at least one well (106) or at least one through hole (108); and a particle capturing channel unit (102) used for capturing a particle in the well or with the through hole, in which the particle is captured in the well or with the through hole by being sucked, via the particle capturing channel unit, in a direction opposite to a direction (114) on which the particle settles. Such a configuration has for result that the particles that are not captured in the well or with the through hole are prevented from staying in the vicinity of the well or the through hole of the particle capturing unit when suction is stopped. | 1. A method of separating particles, the method comprising:
applying fluid pressure through a particle capturing chamber, the particle capturing chamber comprising a particle capturing unit dividing the particle capturing chamber into at least a first chamber and a second chamber and comprising a plurality of wells connected to the first chamber each including at least one through hole connected to the second chamber, wherein the fluid pressure is applied from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber, thereby producing fluid flow in a first direction within the through holes, and wherein at least one force acts upon the particle capturing chamber in a direction that at least partially opposes the first direction. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second chamber is arranged above the first chamber, and wherein the at least one force includes a settling force. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one force includes one or more of: gravity, a centrifugal force produced by rotation of the particle capturing chamber and an electromagnetic force produced by an electric field. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the fluid pressure comprises applying a differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the particle capturing chamber. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of supplying a fluid comprising particles into the first chamber of the particle capturing chamber and capturing particles of the fluid in one or more wells of the plurality of wells. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising supplying a reagent fluid into the first chamber of the particle capturing chamber, thereby bringing the reagent fluid into contact with at least some of the captured particles in the one or more wells. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the fluid pressure applied from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber is a first fluid pressure, and wherein the method further comprises analyzing the captured particles in the one or more wells whilst applying a second fluid pressure from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber, the second fluid pressure being lower than the first fluid pressure. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, subsequent to the step of applying fluid pressure from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber, ceasing applying said fluid pressure and discharging fluid from the first chamber via a fluid discharge channel. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising applying suction to the wells from the second chamber during said discharge of fluid from the first chamber via the fluid discharge channel, thereby holding particles in the wells during said discharge. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the direction of the at least one force forms an angle of at least 160 degrees with the first direction. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure applied from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber is applied for a predetermined amount of time, the predetermined amount of time being selected based on a diameter of particles to be captured within the plurality of wells. 12. A microfluidic device for separating particles, the microfluidic device comprising:
a particle capturing chamber comprising: a particle capturing unit dividing the particle capturing chamber into at least an upper chamber and a lower chamber and comprising a plurality of wells connected to the lower chamber each including at least one through hole connected to the upper chamber; and at least one fluid port configured to receive fluid into the lower chamber and direct the fluid through the through holes of the plurality of wells into the upper chamber, thereby producing fluid flow in a first direction within the through holes, wherein the particle capturing chamber is configured to be oriented during operation of the microfluidic device to separate particles such that there is at least one force acting upon the particle capturing chamber in a direction that at least partially opposes the first direction. 13. The microfluidic device of claim 12, wherein the at least one force includes a settling force. 14. The microfluidic device of claim 13, wherein the settling force is selected from the group consisting of gravity, a centrifugal force produced by a rotation of the particle capturing chamber and an electromagnetic force produced by an electric field. 15. The microfluidic device of claim 12, wherein the plurality of wells are arranged on a side of the particle capturing unit facing the first chamber. 16. The microfluidic device of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of wells has an opening facing the first chamber and an interior surface through which a respective through hole is formed, and wherein the opening is wider than the through hole. 17. The microfluidic device of claim 12, wherein the through holes of the plurality of wells have a width between 1 μm and 10 μm. 18. The microfluidic device of claim 12, wherein the direction of the at least one force forms an angle of at least 160 degrees with the first direction. 19. A microfluidic system for separating particles, the microfluidic system comprising:
a particle capturing chamber comprising: a particle capturing unit dividing the particle capturing chamber into at least an upper chamber and a lower chamber and comprising a plurality of wells connected to the lower chamber each including at least one through hole connected to the upper chamber; and at least one fluid port configured to receive fluid into the lower chamber and direct the fluid through the through holes of the plurality of wells into the upper chamber, thereby producing fluid flow in a first direction within the through holes, wherein the particle capturing chamber is configured to be oriented during operation of the microfluidic system to separate particles such that there is at least one force acting upon the particle capturing chamber in a direction that at least partially opposes the first direction; and at least one pressure source coupled to the at least one fluid port and configured to apply fluid pressure to fluid within the lower chamber. 20. The microfluidic system of claim 19, wherein the at least one force comprises one or more of: gravity, a centrifugal force produced by a rotation of the particle capturing chamber and an electromagnetic force produced by an electric field. | There is provided a microfluidic device for capturing particles comprising a particle capturing chamber (100) including at least: a particle capturing unit (101) including one of at least one well (106) or at least one through hole (108); and a particle capturing channel unit (102) used for capturing a particle in the well or with the through hole, in which the particle is captured in the well or with the through hole by being sucked, via the particle capturing channel unit, in a direction opposite to a direction (114) on which the particle settles. Such a configuration has for result that the particles that are not captured in the well or with the through hole are prevented from staying in the vicinity of the well or the through hole of the particle capturing unit when suction is stopped.1. A method of separating particles, the method comprising:
applying fluid pressure through a particle capturing chamber, the particle capturing chamber comprising a particle capturing unit dividing the particle capturing chamber into at least a first chamber and a second chamber and comprising a plurality of wells connected to the first chamber each including at least one through hole connected to the second chamber, wherein the fluid pressure is applied from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber, thereby producing fluid flow in a first direction within the through holes, and wherein at least one force acts upon the particle capturing chamber in a direction that at least partially opposes the first direction. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second chamber is arranged above the first chamber, and wherein the at least one force includes a settling force. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one force includes one or more of: gravity, a centrifugal force produced by rotation of the particle capturing chamber and an electromagnetic force produced by an electric field. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the fluid pressure comprises applying a differential pressure between an inlet and an outlet of the particle capturing chamber. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of supplying a fluid comprising particles into the first chamber of the particle capturing chamber and capturing particles of the fluid in one or more wells of the plurality of wells. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising supplying a reagent fluid into the first chamber of the particle capturing chamber, thereby bringing the reagent fluid into contact with at least some of the captured particles in the one or more wells. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the fluid pressure applied from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber is a first fluid pressure, and wherein the method further comprises analyzing the captured particles in the one or more wells whilst applying a second fluid pressure from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber, the second fluid pressure being lower than the first fluid pressure. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, subsequent to the step of applying fluid pressure from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber, ceasing applying said fluid pressure and discharging fluid from the first chamber via a fluid discharge channel. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising applying suction to the wells from the second chamber during said discharge of fluid from the first chamber via the fluid discharge channel, thereby holding particles in the wells during said discharge. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the direction of the at least one force forms an angle of at least 160 degrees with the first direction. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure applied from the first chamber through the through holes of the plurality of wells and into the second chamber is applied for a predetermined amount of time, the predetermined amount of time being selected based on a diameter of particles to be captured within the plurality of wells. 12. A microfluidic device for separating particles, the microfluidic device comprising:
a particle capturing chamber comprising: a particle capturing unit dividing the particle capturing chamber into at least an upper chamber and a lower chamber and comprising a plurality of wells connected to the lower chamber each including at least one through hole connected to the upper chamber; and at least one fluid port configured to receive fluid into the lower chamber and direct the fluid through the through holes of the plurality of wells into the upper chamber, thereby producing fluid flow in a first direction within the through holes, wherein the particle capturing chamber is configured to be oriented during operation of the microfluidic device to separate particles such that there is at least one force acting upon the particle capturing chamber in a direction that at least partially opposes the first direction. 13. The microfluidic device of claim 12, wherein the at least one force includes a settling force. 14. The microfluidic device of claim 13, wherein the settling force is selected from the group consisting of gravity, a centrifugal force produced by a rotation of the particle capturing chamber and an electromagnetic force produced by an electric field. 15. The microfluidic device of claim 12, wherein the plurality of wells are arranged on a side of the particle capturing unit facing the first chamber. 16. The microfluidic device of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of wells has an opening facing the first chamber and an interior surface through which a respective through hole is formed, and wherein the opening is wider than the through hole. 17. The microfluidic device of claim 12, wherein the through holes of the plurality of wells have a width between 1 μm and 10 μm. 18. The microfluidic device of claim 12, wherein the direction of the at least one force forms an angle of at least 160 degrees with the first direction. 19. A microfluidic system for separating particles, the microfluidic system comprising:
a particle capturing chamber comprising: a particle capturing unit dividing the particle capturing chamber into at least an upper chamber and a lower chamber and comprising a plurality of wells connected to the lower chamber each including at least one through hole connected to the upper chamber; and at least one fluid port configured to receive fluid into the lower chamber and direct the fluid through the through holes of the plurality of wells into the upper chamber, thereby producing fluid flow in a first direction within the through holes, wherein the particle capturing chamber is configured to be oriented during operation of the microfluidic system to separate particles such that there is at least one force acting upon the particle capturing chamber in a direction that at least partially opposes the first direction; and at least one pressure source coupled to the at least one fluid port and configured to apply fluid pressure to fluid within the lower chamber. 20. The microfluidic system of claim 19, wherein the at least one force comprises one or more of: gravity, a centrifugal force produced by a rotation of the particle capturing chamber and an electromagnetic force produced by an electric field. | 1,600 |
345,362 | 16,643,259 | 1,644 | A variable stiffness joint and method to alter the stiffness of the joint with multiple stiffness levels is described wherein a plurality of stiffness bits (m) are used for enabling 2 m stiffness level variations for the joint. Each stiffness bit comprises an elastic element in mechanical connection with a clutch (21, 22, 23). The joint revolves with zero stiffness level when all the clutches (21, 22, 23) are disengaged whereas a clutch (21, 22, 23) involves one of the elastic elements which alter the stiffness of the joint. Engaging other clutches (21, 22, 23) involve more elastic elements for altering the joint stiffness and the resultant joint stiffness is determined by adding the stiffness values of all the involved springs (6, 7, 8). | 1-34. (canceled) 35. A variable stiffness joint comprising a plurality of stiffness bits (m) for enabling 2m stiffness level variations for the variable stiffness joint, wherein each stiffness bit comprises an elastic element in mechanical connection with a clutch. 36. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 35 comprising:
a lower base and an upper base, wherein the lower base and the upper base are connected using frame rods;
a main shaft between the lower and upper base;
an output link at the upper base connected to the main shaft for receiving a torque from a user;
a gear train comprising a main driving gear connected to the main shaft; and
for each stiffness bit,
a planetary gear in mechanical connection with the main driving gear for engaging the elastic elements using the torque for activating the clutch. 37. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 36, wherein the elastic elements are torsional springs. 38. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 36, wherein the clutches are electromagnetic friction clutches. 39. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 37, wherein the torsional springs are Hook's type torsional springs or Linear torsional springs, connected to the clutches which are grounded. 40. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 37, wherein each of the torsional springs is encapsulated in a spring holder. 41. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 40, wherein each one of the spring holders comprise an upper container and a lower container and each one of the upper containers are mounted on shafts which hold first and second torque reduction stages. 42. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 41 wherein,
the first torque reduction stage connects the upper container of the spring holder through a (1:5) torque reduction ratio, and
the second torque reduction stage with a (1:5) torque reduction ratio, transmits torque to the clutches resulting in a (1:10) torque reduction. 43. A method for altering a stiffness level of a robotic or revolute joint, the method comprising:
providing an output link for enabling a user to create a torque; using the torque for rotating a main shaft with a main driving gear; transmitting the torque from the main shaft into a plurality of elastic elements using planetary gears; transmitting the torque from the plurality of elastic elements to activate grounded clutches for altering the stiffness level of the joint,
wherein the stiffness is at zero level if the clutches are disengaged or inactive. 44. The method according to claim 42, wherein the torque is transmitted into the plurality of elastic elements through planetary gears associated with a sun gear, wherein lower ends of the plurality of elastic elements are connected to the planetary gears. 45. The method according to claim 43, wherein the torque is transmitted from the plurality of elastic elements to grounded clutches through torque reduction stages. 46. The method according to claim 45, wherein a first torque reduction stage connects to upper ends of the plurality of elastic elements and the torque is transmitted from the plurality of elastic elements to grounded clutches through a second torque reduction stage. 47. The method according to claim 43, wherein a number of series—parallel elastic elements (m) are involved to achieve 2m levels of stiffness. 48. The method according to claim 43, wherein an elastic element in mechanical connection with a clutch forms a stiffness bit and each stiffness bit contributes torque on the output link if the clutch associated with the respective stiffness bit is active. 49. A variable stiffness joint with variable stiffness levels, comprising:
an output link for enabling a user to create a torque; stiffness bits, wherein each stiffness bit comprises an elastic element in mechanical connection with a clutch; a mechanical mechanism to transfer the torque to the stiffness bits, wherein a selection on the levels of stiffness are made based on the torque. 50. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein m number of stiffness bits is used to achieve 2m levels of stiffness. 51. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein variable joint stiffness is achieved if the clutch to which the torque is transferred, is engaged or active. 52. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein zero joint stiffness is achieved if the clutch to which the torque is transferred is disengaged or inactive. 53. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein a transparent mode involves disengaging the clutches and enabling free rotation of the joint. 54. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein a variable stiffness mode is activated when the elastic elements are selectively grounded via the clutches. | A variable stiffness joint and method to alter the stiffness of the joint with multiple stiffness levels is described wherein a plurality of stiffness bits (m) are used for enabling 2 m stiffness level variations for the joint. Each stiffness bit comprises an elastic element in mechanical connection with a clutch (21, 22, 23). The joint revolves with zero stiffness level when all the clutches (21, 22, 23) are disengaged whereas a clutch (21, 22, 23) involves one of the elastic elements which alter the stiffness of the joint. Engaging other clutches (21, 22, 23) involve more elastic elements for altering the joint stiffness and the resultant joint stiffness is determined by adding the stiffness values of all the involved springs (6, 7, 8).1-34. (canceled) 35. A variable stiffness joint comprising a plurality of stiffness bits (m) for enabling 2m stiffness level variations for the variable stiffness joint, wherein each stiffness bit comprises an elastic element in mechanical connection with a clutch. 36. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 35 comprising:
a lower base and an upper base, wherein the lower base and the upper base are connected using frame rods;
a main shaft between the lower and upper base;
an output link at the upper base connected to the main shaft for receiving a torque from a user;
a gear train comprising a main driving gear connected to the main shaft; and
for each stiffness bit,
a planetary gear in mechanical connection with the main driving gear for engaging the elastic elements using the torque for activating the clutch. 37. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 36, wherein the elastic elements are torsional springs. 38. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 36, wherein the clutches are electromagnetic friction clutches. 39. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 37, wherein the torsional springs are Hook's type torsional springs or Linear torsional springs, connected to the clutches which are grounded. 40. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 37, wherein each of the torsional springs is encapsulated in a spring holder. 41. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 40, wherein each one of the spring holders comprise an upper container and a lower container and each one of the upper containers are mounted on shafts which hold first and second torque reduction stages. 42. A variable stiffness joint according to claim 41 wherein,
the first torque reduction stage connects the upper container of the spring holder through a (1:5) torque reduction ratio, and
the second torque reduction stage with a (1:5) torque reduction ratio, transmits torque to the clutches resulting in a (1:10) torque reduction. 43. A method for altering a stiffness level of a robotic or revolute joint, the method comprising:
providing an output link for enabling a user to create a torque; using the torque for rotating a main shaft with a main driving gear; transmitting the torque from the main shaft into a plurality of elastic elements using planetary gears; transmitting the torque from the plurality of elastic elements to activate grounded clutches for altering the stiffness level of the joint,
wherein the stiffness is at zero level if the clutches are disengaged or inactive. 44. The method according to claim 42, wherein the torque is transmitted into the plurality of elastic elements through planetary gears associated with a sun gear, wherein lower ends of the plurality of elastic elements are connected to the planetary gears. 45. The method according to claim 43, wherein the torque is transmitted from the plurality of elastic elements to grounded clutches through torque reduction stages. 46. The method according to claim 45, wherein a first torque reduction stage connects to upper ends of the plurality of elastic elements and the torque is transmitted from the plurality of elastic elements to grounded clutches through a second torque reduction stage. 47. The method according to claim 43, wherein a number of series—parallel elastic elements (m) are involved to achieve 2m levels of stiffness. 48. The method according to claim 43, wherein an elastic element in mechanical connection with a clutch forms a stiffness bit and each stiffness bit contributes torque on the output link if the clutch associated with the respective stiffness bit is active. 49. A variable stiffness joint with variable stiffness levels, comprising:
an output link for enabling a user to create a torque; stiffness bits, wherein each stiffness bit comprises an elastic element in mechanical connection with a clutch; a mechanical mechanism to transfer the torque to the stiffness bits, wherein a selection on the levels of stiffness are made based on the torque. 50. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein m number of stiffness bits is used to achieve 2m levels of stiffness. 51. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein variable joint stiffness is achieved if the clutch to which the torque is transferred, is engaged or active. 52. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein zero joint stiffness is achieved if the clutch to which the torque is transferred is disengaged or inactive. 53. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein a transparent mode involves disengaging the clutches and enabling free rotation of the joint. 54. The variable stiffness joint according to claim 49, wherein a variable stiffness mode is activated when the elastic elements are selectively grounded via the clutches. | 1,600 |
345,363 | 16,643,236 | 1,644 | In present solar panel theft protection system, a solar panel stops generating power after it is detached from its intended system or if the solar radiation level goes below certain min level. The accordance with the present disclosure solar panel & its connected system identify each other by encrypted codes. The solar panel & its connected system communicate with each other through same power cables which are coming from solar panel (i.e. positive & negative). No extra communication cabling is required. | 1. An anti-theft system comprising:
a solar panel or battery or luminaries; a module with anti-theft circuitry and logic is directly mounted on the solar panel, wherein the module is connected with the solar panel at location wherein electric terminals protrude from the solar panel, and wherein a junction box having the module is configured to disable the solar panel on detection of tampering to the solar panel; and at least two terminals protrude from another end of the junction box. 2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two terminals are connected to another sub-system. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the module is configured to detect power generated by the solar panel, and further configured to validate the connected sub-system. 4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the module with anti-theft circuitry and logic is integrated into the solar panel directly. 5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the module with anti-theft circuitry and logic is configured to send or receive and read an encrypted or decrypted signal. 6. An anti-theft apparatus comprising: a solar panel, comprising a frame, wherein the frame further comprises a glass mounted within the frame, the glass is mounted on an encapsulant, further an array of solar cell are sandwiched between two encapsulant, further a back-sheet seals all the component within the frame, wherein a junction box, is mounted directly on the back-sheet, and configured to verify or validate a predefined signal from the solar panel to determine to allow the solar panel to generate energy or disable the solar panel. | In present solar panel theft protection system, a solar panel stops generating power after it is detached from its intended system or if the solar radiation level goes below certain min level. The accordance with the present disclosure solar panel & its connected system identify each other by encrypted codes. The solar panel & its connected system communicate with each other through same power cables which are coming from solar panel (i.e. positive & negative). No extra communication cabling is required.1. An anti-theft system comprising:
a solar panel or battery or luminaries; a module with anti-theft circuitry and logic is directly mounted on the solar panel, wherein the module is connected with the solar panel at location wherein electric terminals protrude from the solar panel, and wherein a junction box having the module is configured to disable the solar panel on detection of tampering to the solar panel; and at least two terminals protrude from another end of the junction box. 2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two terminals are connected to another sub-system. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the module is configured to detect power generated by the solar panel, and further configured to validate the connected sub-system. 4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the module with anti-theft circuitry and logic is integrated into the solar panel directly. 5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the module with anti-theft circuitry and logic is configured to send or receive and read an encrypted or decrypted signal. 6. An anti-theft apparatus comprising: a solar panel, comprising a frame, wherein the frame further comprises a glass mounted within the frame, the glass is mounted on an encapsulant, further an array of solar cell are sandwiched between two encapsulant, further a back-sheet seals all the component within the frame, wherein a junction box, is mounted directly on the back-sheet, and configured to verify or validate a predefined signal from the solar panel to determine to allow the solar panel to generate energy or disable the solar panel. | 1,600 |
345,364 | 16,643,267 | 1,644 | The invention relates to a refractory batch, to a method for producing an unshaped refractory ceramic product from the batch, and to an unshaped refractory ceramic product obtained by said method. | 1. Refractory batch comprising the following components:
1.1 a basic component comprising one or more raw materials based on magnesia; 1.2 a carbon component comprising one or more carbon carriers; 1.3 an aluminum component comprising one or more metallic aluminum carriers; 1.4 an aqueous binder; and 1.5 one or more sulfates with a solubility of at least 15 g per 100 g of water. 2. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the sulfates are one or more of the following sulfates: sodium sulfate, iron sulfate, lithium sulfate, magnesium sulfate or aluminum sulfate. 3. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the basic component consists of at least 90% by mass of magnesia. 4. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the basic component consists of one or more of the following raw materials based on magnesia: sintered magnesia or fused magnesia. 5. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the basic component is present in a proportion of at least 75% by mass. 6. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum component consists of one or more of the following carriers of metallic aluminum: metallic aluminum or at least one metal alloy comprising aluminum. 7. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the one or more sulfates are present in a proportion in the range from 0.05 to 1.0% by mass. 8. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous binder is present in a proportion in the range from 4.0 to 15.0% by mass. 9. Method for producing an unshaped refractory ceramic product, comprising the following steps:
9.1 providing a batch, the batch comprises:
a basic component comprising one or more raw materials based on magnesia;
a carbon component comprising one or more carbon carriers;
an aluminum component comprising one or more metallic aluminum carriers;
an aqueous binder; and
one or more sulfates with a solubility of at least 15 g per 100 g of water;
9.2 providing a vessel for holding a molten steel in a steel treatment plant; 9.3 casting the batch onto a portion of the vessel which comes into contact with the molten steel when the vessel is used in the plant; and 9.4 heating the vessel so that the batch cast on the portion forms an unshaped refractory ceramic product. 10. Product obtained by a method the method comprising:
providing a batch, the batch comprises:
a basic component comprising one or more raw materials based on magnesia;
a carbon component comprising one or more carbon carriers;
an aluminum component comprising one or more metallic aluminum carriers;
an aqueous binder; and
one or more sulfates with a solubility of at least 15 g per 100 g of water:
providing a vessel for holding a molten steel in a steel treatment plant; casting the batch onto a portion of the vessel which comes into contact with the molten steel when the vessel is used in the plant; and heating the vessel so that the batch cast on the portion forms an unshaped refractory ceramic product, wherein the product comprises the following phases:
periclase;
magnesia spinel; and
aluminum oxycarbide. 11. The product according to claim 10, having at least one of the following physical properties:
bulk density: 2.55 to 2.70 g/cm3; open porosity: 16 to 22% by volume; cold bending strength: 0.5 to 5 MPa; cold compressive strength: 15 to 40 MPa; hot bending strength (1,400° C., red. atmosphere): 5 to 8 MPa; or hot bending strength (1,500° C., red. atmosphere): 4 to 7 MPa. | The invention relates to a refractory batch, to a method for producing an unshaped refractory ceramic product from the batch, and to an unshaped refractory ceramic product obtained by said method.1. Refractory batch comprising the following components:
1.1 a basic component comprising one or more raw materials based on magnesia; 1.2 a carbon component comprising one or more carbon carriers; 1.3 an aluminum component comprising one or more metallic aluminum carriers; 1.4 an aqueous binder; and 1.5 one or more sulfates with a solubility of at least 15 g per 100 g of water. 2. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the sulfates are one or more of the following sulfates: sodium sulfate, iron sulfate, lithium sulfate, magnesium sulfate or aluminum sulfate. 3. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the basic component consists of at least 90% by mass of magnesia. 4. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the basic component consists of one or more of the following raw materials based on magnesia: sintered magnesia or fused magnesia. 5. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the basic component is present in a proportion of at least 75% by mass. 6. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum component consists of one or more of the following carriers of metallic aluminum: metallic aluminum or at least one metal alloy comprising aluminum. 7. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the one or more sulfates are present in a proportion in the range from 0.05 to 1.0% by mass. 8. The batch according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous binder is present in a proportion in the range from 4.0 to 15.0% by mass. 9. Method for producing an unshaped refractory ceramic product, comprising the following steps:
9.1 providing a batch, the batch comprises:
a basic component comprising one or more raw materials based on magnesia;
a carbon component comprising one or more carbon carriers;
an aluminum component comprising one or more metallic aluminum carriers;
an aqueous binder; and
one or more sulfates with a solubility of at least 15 g per 100 g of water;
9.2 providing a vessel for holding a molten steel in a steel treatment plant; 9.3 casting the batch onto a portion of the vessel which comes into contact with the molten steel when the vessel is used in the plant; and 9.4 heating the vessel so that the batch cast on the portion forms an unshaped refractory ceramic product. 10. Product obtained by a method the method comprising:
providing a batch, the batch comprises:
a basic component comprising one or more raw materials based on magnesia;
a carbon component comprising one or more carbon carriers;
an aluminum component comprising one or more metallic aluminum carriers;
an aqueous binder; and
one or more sulfates with a solubility of at least 15 g per 100 g of water:
providing a vessel for holding a molten steel in a steel treatment plant; casting the batch onto a portion of the vessel which comes into contact with the molten steel when the vessel is used in the plant; and heating the vessel so that the batch cast on the portion forms an unshaped refractory ceramic product, wherein the product comprises the following phases:
periclase;
magnesia spinel; and
aluminum oxycarbide. 11. The product according to claim 10, having at least one of the following physical properties:
bulk density: 2.55 to 2.70 g/cm3; open porosity: 16 to 22% by volume; cold bending strength: 0.5 to 5 MPa; cold compressive strength: 15 to 40 MPa; hot bending strength (1,400° C., red. atmosphere): 5 to 8 MPa; or hot bending strength (1,500° C., red. atmosphere): 4 to 7 MPa. | 1,600 |
345,365 | 16,643,277 | 1,644 | The present invention relates to materials and methods for creating and maintaining a cereal plant line for the production of a hybrid cereal plant, that include for example, and not limitation, using the BLue Aleurone (BLA) system. | 1.-231. (canceled) 232. A cereal plant for use in the production of hybrid cereal plants, wherein the cereal plant comprises at least one homoeologous chromosome pair, wherein the pair consists of a first and second chromosome, wherein the first chromosome is native to the cereal plant and the second chromosome comprises an alien chromosome fragment comprising a dominant male fertility restorer gene and at least one selection marker gene, and wherein the cereal plant comprises a male fertility gene mutation causing male sterility. 233. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the first chromosome comprises a piece of chromatin of Agropyron elongatum as a translocation, preferably onto the end of the long arm of the first chromosome, wherein said piece of chromatin pairs to the alien chromosome fragment or a part thereof, and/or the second chromosome further comprises native DNA. 234. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the cereal plant consists of a euploid number of chromosomes. 235. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the cereal plant is a tetraploid wheat, a hexaploid wheat, triticale, maize, rice, barley, or oats. 236. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the cereal plant comprises a mutated homoeologous pairing suppressor gene, preferably wherein the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene is deleted. 237. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the mutated homoeologous pairing suppressor gene is ph1b or ph2. 238. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the male fertility restorer gene is from Triticum boeoticum or Triticum monococcum, preferably wherein the male fertility restorer gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 6, 7, 8, or 10, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (ii) a nucleic acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 6, 7, 8, or 10, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iii) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 9, 11, or 14, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iv) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 9, 11, or 14, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (v) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 15, 42, or 43, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (vi) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 15, 42, or 43, or fragments thereof. 239. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the selection marker gene is selected from the group consisting of a color marker gene, a plant height gene, or a texture gene. 240. The cereal plant of claim 239, wherein the color marker gene is a blue aleurone gene, preferably wherein the blue aleurone gene is from Agropyron elongatum, Agropyron trichophorum, or Triticum monococcum, and more preferably wherein the blue aleurone gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 or 12, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (ii) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 or 12, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 or 13, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iv) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 or 13, or fragments thereof. 241. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the cereal plant comprises homozygously a male fertility gene mutation that is a gene deletion, a gene knockdown, or a gene knockout, preferably wherein the male fertility gene is Ms1 or a nucleic acid comprising a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 6, 7, 8, or 10, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (ii) a nucleic acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 6, 7, 8, or 10, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iii) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 9, 11, or 14, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iv) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 9, 11, or 14, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (v) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 15, 42, or 43, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (vi) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 15, 42, or 43, or fragments thereof. 242. Seed, progeny or a part thereof of the cereal plant of claim 232. 243. A method of generating a blue aleurone (BLA) male sterile system for genomic selection of cereal plants comprising:
a) selecting a cereal plant line homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation comprising at least one alien addition chromosome carrying a male fertility restorer gene as defined in claim 238 and a blue aleurone gene on different sides of the centromere of the at least one alien addition chromosome; b) inducing homoeologous recombination of at least one alien addition chromosome; and c) obtaining a cereal plant comprising a homoeologous alien addition chromosome, 244. The method of claim 243, wherein the alien addition chromosome is monosomic or disomic. 245. The method of claim 243, wherein the inducing homoeologous recombination step b) comprises the presence of a mutated homoeologous pairing suppressor gene or introducing a gene which suppresses the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene, wherein the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene induces the homoeologous recombination of the alien addition chromosome comprising the dominant male fertility restorer gene and at least one selection marker, with at least one homoeologous chromosome. 246. A cereal plant or part thereof, wherein the cereal plant is obtained from step c) of claim 243, and wherein the cereal plant does not comprise a mis-division of the alien addition chromosome or the cereal plant does not comprise a breakage of the alien addition chromosome. 247. A method of generating a blue aleurone (BLA) male sterile system for genomic selection of cereal plants comprising:
a) selecting a cereal plant line homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation; b) integrating into the genome of the cereal plant line a male fertility restorer gene and a blue aleurone gene, wherein the male fertility restorer gene as defined in claim 238 and the blue aleurone gene are genetically linked and in close proximity; and c) obtaining a cereal plant comprising the genetically linked male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene, 248. The method of claim 247, wherein the male fertility restorer gene and the blue aleurone gene are introduced into a cell of the cereal plant line via a gene cassette. 249. The method of claim 247, wherein the male fertility restorer gene and the blue aleurone gene are linked via a linker. 250. The method of claim 248, wherein the gene cassette is introduced into the cell by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene harbored within T-DNA borders in a binary plasmid, or by particle bombardment of a plasmid comprising the gene cassette in supercoiled, circular, relaxed, or linear configurations. 251. The method of claim 247, wherein the integrating step b) comprises targeting the integration of the linked male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene using a site-specific nuclease designed to make a double-strand break at a target site in the cereal plant line genome and wherein the linked male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene is integrated into the cereal plant line genome at the site of the double-strand break. 252. A cereal plant or part thereof, wherein the cereal plant is obtained from step c) of claim 247, and wherein the cereal plant comprises a single-copy insertion of the linked male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene. 253. A method for manufacturing a cereal plant line, seed or part thereof, for the production of a hybrid cereal plant line, comprising:
a. crossing a first cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation comprising a disomic alien addition chromosome carrying a dominant male fertility restoration gene as defined in claim 238 and at least one selection marker gene with a second cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation and for a homoeologous pairing suppressor gene mutation; b. harvesting, selecting, and planting at least one seed produced in step a) homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation comprising a monosomic alien chromosome carrying a dominant male fertility restoration gene and at least one selection marker gene and a single copy of the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene mutation; c. self-fertilizing a cereal plant produced in step b); d. harvesting, selecting, and planting at least one seed produced in step c) homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation and for the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene mutation comprising a euploid number of chromosomes and the monosomic alien addition chromosome; e. self-fertilizing a cereal plant produced in step d); f. harvesting at least four seeds from step e); g. counting the number of the seeds of step f) from a first group expressing the at least one selection marker and a second group not expressing the at least one selection marker in order to determine the segregation ratio; h. keeping the seeds of step f) if the ratio of the number of seeds of first group:second group tends to about 3:1 and discarding the seeds of step f) if the ratio of the number of seeds of first group:second group tends to about 1:3, 254. A cereal plant or part thereof, wherein the cereal plant is obtained from a method of claim 253, and wherein the cereal plant does not comprise a mis-division of the alien addition chromosome and/or the cereal plant does not comprise a breakage of the alien addition chromosome. 255. A method for the maintenance of a male-sterile female parental line of a cereal plant for use in the production of hybrid cereal plants, the method comprising:
a. planting at least one seed comprising a homozygous male fertility gene mutation and at least one portion of an alien addition chromosome carrying a dominant male fertility restorer gene as defined in claim 238 and at least one selection marker gene translocated into at least one chromosome of a homoeologous chromosome pair; b. self-fertilizing a cereal plant produced in step a); c. selecting at least one seed not comprising the alien addition chromosome translocated into at least one chromosome of a homoeologous chromosome pair for growing at least one sterile-female parent cereal plant for crossing with a fertile-male cereal plant for a hybrid cereal plant and a hybrid seed production; d. selecting at least one seed comprising the alien addition chromosome translocated into one chromosome of a homoeologous chromosome pair for maintenance of the cereal plant, wherein the seed is heterozygous for the translocation as preferably indicated by the expression of the at least one selection marker gene; and e. discarding any seed comprising the alien addition chromosome translocated into at least two chromosomes of a homoeologous chromosome pair for maintenance of the cereal plant, wherein the seed is homozygous for the translocation as preferably indicated by expression of the at least one selection marker gene, 256. A cereal plant or part thereof produced by the method of claim 255. 257. A method for manufacturing a cereal plant line homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation comprising at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome, the method comprising
a) crossing a cereal plant comprising at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome with a cereal plant nullosomic for said genome to which the homoeologous chrosomome relates genetically; b) harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome and generating a plant from said seeds; c) crossing the plant of b) with a cereal plant; d) harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome and not comprising any monosomic chromosome, preferably by use of qPCR and/or flow cytometry, and generating a plant from said seeds; e) optionally, backcrossing the plant of d) with a cereal plant, and harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome from said cross(es); f) crossing the plant of d) or e) with a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation; g) harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome and generating a plant from said seeds; h) selfing the plant of g), harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome; and i) generating plants from the seeds of h) and selecting a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation which comprises the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome, wherein the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome is translocated to at least one homoeologous chromosome pair, wherein the pair consisting of a first and second chromosome, the first chromosome is native to the cereal plant and the second chromosome comprises the alien chromosome or fragment thereof comprising a dominant male fertility restorer gene as defined in claim 238 and at least one selection marker gene,
wherein the selection marker gene is a blue aleurone gene, preferably wherein the blue aleurone gene is from Agropyron elongatum, Agropyron trichophorum, or Triticum monococcum, and more preferably wherein the blue aleurone gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 or 12, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences;
(ii) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 or 12, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences;
(iii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 or 13, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; and
(iv) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 or 13, or fragments thereof. 258. The method of claim 257, wherein the method comprises further
j) selfing the plant selected in step i) for obtaining
I) a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation which comprises the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome heterozygously,
II) a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation which comprises the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome homozygously,
III) a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation which does not comprise the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome. 259. A cereal plant or part thereof produced by the method of claim 257. | The present invention relates to materials and methods for creating and maintaining a cereal plant line for the production of a hybrid cereal plant, that include for example, and not limitation, using the BLue Aleurone (BLA) system.1.-231. (canceled) 232. A cereal plant for use in the production of hybrid cereal plants, wherein the cereal plant comprises at least one homoeologous chromosome pair, wherein the pair consists of a first and second chromosome, wherein the first chromosome is native to the cereal plant and the second chromosome comprises an alien chromosome fragment comprising a dominant male fertility restorer gene and at least one selection marker gene, and wherein the cereal plant comprises a male fertility gene mutation causing male sterility. 233. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the first chromosome comprises a piece of chromatin of Agropyron elongatum as a translocation, preferably onto the end of the long arm of the first chromosome, wherein said piece of chromatin pairs to the alien chromosome fragment or a part thereof, and/or the second chromosome further comprises native DNA. 234. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the cereal plant consists of a euploid number of chromosomes. 235. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the cereal plant is a tetraploid wheat, a hexaploid wheat, triticale, maize, rice, barley, or oats. 236. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the cereal plant comprises a mutated homoeologous pairing suppressor gene, preferably wherein the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene is deleted. 237. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the mutated homoeologous pairing suppressor gene is ph1b or ph2. 238. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the male fertility restorer gene is from Triticum boeoticum or Triticum monococcum, preferably wherein the male fertility restorer gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 6, 7, 8, or 10, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (ii) a nucleic acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 6, 7, 8, or 10, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iii) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 9, 11, or 14, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iv) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 9, 11, or 14, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (v) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 15, 42, or 43, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (vi) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 15, 42, or 43, or fragments thereof. 239. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the selection marker gene is selected from the group consisting of a color marker gene, a plant height gene, or a texture gene. 240. The cereal plant of claim 239, wherein the color marker gene is a blue aleurone gene, preferably wherein the blue aleurone gene is from Agropyron elongatum, Agropyron trichophorum, or Triticum monococcum, and more preferably wherein the blue aleurone gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 or 12, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (ii) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 or 12, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 or 13, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iv) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 or 13, or fragments thereof. 241. The cereal plant of claim 232, wherein the cereal plant comprises homozygously a male fertility gene mutation that is a gene deletion, a gene knockdown, or a gene knockout, preferably wherein the male fertility gene is Ms1 or a nucleic acid comprising a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 6, 7, 8, or 10, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (ii) a nucleic acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, 6, 7, 8, or 10, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iii) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 9, 11, or 14, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (iv) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 9, 11, or 14, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (v) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 15, 42, or 43, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; (vi) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 5, 15, 42, or 43, or fragments thereof. 242. Seed, progeny or a part thereof of the cereal plant of claim 232. 243. A method of generating a blue aleurone (BLA) male sterile system for genomic selection of cereal plants comprising:
a) selecting a cereal plant line homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation comprising at least one alien addition chromosome carrying a male fertility restorer gene as defined in claim 238 and a blue aleurone gene on different sides of the centromere of the at least one alien addition chromosome; b) inducing homoeologous recombination of at least one alien addition chromosome; and c) obtaining a cereal plant comprising a homoeologous alien addition chromosome, 244. The method of claim 243, wherein the alien addition chromosome is monosomic or disomic. 245. The method of claim 243, wherein the inducing homoeologous recombination step b) comprises the presence of a mutated homoeologous pairing suppressor gene or introducing a gene which suppresses the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene, wherein the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene induces the homoeologous recombination of the alien addition chromosome comprising the dominant male fertility restorer gene and at least one selection marker, with at least one homoeologous chromosome. 246. A cereal plant or part thereof, wherein the cereal plant is obtained from step c) of claim 243, and wherein the cereal plant does not comprise a mis-division of the alien addition chromosome or the cereal plant does not comprise a breakage of the alien addition chromosome. 247. A method of generating a blue aleurone (BLA) male sterile system for genomic selection of cereal plants comprising:
a) selecting a cereal plant line homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation; b) integrating into the genome of the cereal plant line a male fertility restorer gene and a blue aleurone gene, wherein the male fertility restorer gene as defined in claim 238 and the blue aleurone gene are genetically linked and in close proximity; and c) obtaining a cereal plant comprising the genetically linked male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene, 248. The method of claim 247, wherein the male fertility restorer gene and the blue aleurone gene are introduced into a cell of the cereal plant line via a gene cassette. 249. The method of claim 247, wherein the male fertility restorer gene and the blue aleurone gene are linked via a linker. 250. The method of claim 248, wherein the gene cassette is introduced into the cell by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene harbored within T-DNA borders in a binary plasmid, or by particle bombardment of a plasmid comprising the gene cassette in supercoiled, circular, relaxed, or linear configurations. 251. The method of claim 247, wherein the integrating step b) comprises targeting the integration of the linked male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene using a site-specific nuclease designed to make a double-strand break at a target site in the cereal plant line genome and wherein the linked male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene is integrated into the cereal plant line genome at the site of the double-strand break. 252. A cereal plant or part thereof, wherein the cereal plant is obtained from step c) of claim 247, and wherein the cereal plant comprises a single-copy insertion of the linked male fertility restorer gene and blue aleurone gene. 253. A method for manufacturing a cereal plant line, seed or part thereof, for the production of a hybrid cereal plant line, comprising:
a. crossing a first cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation comprising a disomic alien addition chromosome carrying a dominant male fertility restoration gene as defined in claim 238 and at least one selection marker gene with a second cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation and for a homoeologous pairing suppressor gene mutation; b. harvesting, selecting, and planting at least one seed produced in step a) homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation comprising a monosomic alien chromosome carrying a dominant male fertility restoration gene and at least one selection marker gene and a single copy of the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene mutation; c. self-fertilizing a cereal plant produced in step b); d. harvesting, selecting, and planting at least one seed produced in step c) homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation and for the homoeologous pairing suppressor gene mutation comprising a euploid number of chromosomes and the monosomic alien addition chromosome; e. self-fertilizing a cereal plant produced in step d); f. harvesting at least four seeds from step e); g. counting the number of the seeds of step f) from a first group expressing the at least one selection marker and a second group not expressing the at least one selection marker in order to determine the segregation ratio; h. keeping the seeds of step f) if the ratio of the number of seeds of first group:second group tends to about 3:1 and discarding the seeds of step f) if the ratio of the number of seeds of first group:second group tends to about 1:3, 254. A cereal plant or part thereof, wherein the cereal plant is obtained from a method of claim 253, and wherein the cereal plant does not comprise a mis-division of the alien addition chromosome and/or the cereal plant does not comprise a breakage of the alien addition chromosome. 255. A method for the maintenance of a male-sterile female parental line of a cereal plant for use in the production of hybrid cereal plants, the method comprising:
a. planting at least one seed comprising a homozygous male fertility gene mutation and at least one portion of an alien addition chromosome carrying a dominant male fertility restorer gene as defined in claim 238 and at least one selection marker gene translocated into at least one chromosome of a homoeologous chromosome pair; b. self-fertilizing a cereal plant produced in step a); c. selecting at least one seed not comprising the alien addition chromosome translocated into at least one chromosome of a homoeologous chromosome pair for growing at least one sterile-female parent cereal plant for crossing with a fertile-male cereal plant for a hybrid cereal plant and a hybrid seed production; d. selecting at least one seed comprising the alien addition chromosome translocated into one chromosome of a homoeologous chromosome pair for maintenance of the cereal plant, wherein the seed is heterozygous for the translocation as preferably indicated by the expression of the at least one selection marker gene; and e. discarding any seed comprising the alien addition chromosome translocated into at least two chromosomes of a homoeologous chromosome pair for maintenance of the cereal plant, wherein the seed is homozygous for the translocation as preferably indicated by expression of the at least one selection marker gene, 256. A cereal plant or part thereof produced by the method of claim 255. 257. A method for manufacturing a cereal plant line homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation comprising at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome, the method comprising
a) crossing a cereal plant comprising at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome with a cereal plant nullosomic for said genome to which the homoeologous chrosomome relates genetically; b) harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome and generating a plant from said seeds; c) crossing the plant of b) with a cereal plant; d) harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome and not comprising any monosomic chromosome, preferably by use of qPCR and/or flow cytometry, and generating a plant from said seeds; e) optionally, backcrossing the plant of d) with a cereal plant, and harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome from said cross(es); f) crossing the plant of d) or e) with a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation; g) harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome and generating a plant from said seeds; h) selfing the plant of g), harvesting and selecting seeds comprising the alien chromosome; and i) generating plants from the seeds of h) and selecting a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation which comprises the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome, wherein the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome is translocated to at least one homoeologous chromosome pair, wherein the pair consisting of a first and second chromosome, the first chromosome is native to the cereal plant and the second chromosome comprises the alien chromosome or fragment thereof comprising a dominant male fertility restorer gene as defined in claim 238 and at least one selection marker gene,
wherein the selection marker gene is a blue aleurone gene, preferably wherein the blue aleurone gene is from Agropyron elongatum, Agropyron trichophorum, or Triticum monococcum, and more preferably wherein the blue aleurone gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(i) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 or 12, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences;
(ii) a nucleic acid sequence having a coding sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 or 12, or fragments thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences;
(iii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 or 13, or fragments or variants thereof that produce functional amino acid sequences; and
(iv) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 or 13, or fragments thereof. 258. The method of claim 257, wherein the method comprises further
j) selfing the plant selected in step i) for obtaining
I) a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation which comprises the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome heterozygously,
II) a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation which comprises the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome homozygously,
III) a cereal plant homozygous for a male fertility gene mutation which does not comprise the at least one homoeologous alien addition chromosome. 259. A cereal plant or part thereof produced by the method of claim 257. | 1,600 |
345,366 | 16,643,242 | 1,644 | Provided are: a composition that can impart a thermoplastic resin with excellent transparency and physical properties; a thermoplastic resin composition containing the same; and a molded article thereof. The composition contains: (A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) below, wherein R1 to R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and IV represents an alkylidene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and (B) sodium carboxylate, wherein a molar ratio of the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) and the (B) sodium carboxylate, (A)/(B), is in a range of 0.20 to 0.56. | 1.-7. (canceled) 8. A composition comprising:
(A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by the following Formula (1): 9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the (B) sodium carboxylate is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sodium aromatic carboxylate, a sodium laurate, a sodium myristate, a sodium palmitate, a sodium stearate, a sodium 12-hydroxystearate, a sodium oleate and a sodium linoleate. 10. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising the composition according to claim 8 such that the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. 11. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin-based resin. 12. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 10. 13. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising a thermoplastic resin and a composition,
wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin resin and the composition comprising: (A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by the following Formula (1): 14. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 13. 15. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising the composition according to claim 9 such that the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. 16. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 11. | Provided are: a composition that can impart a thermoplastic resin with excellent transparency and physical properties; a thermoplastic resin composition containing the same; and a molded article thereof. The composition contains: (A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) below, wherein R1 to R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and IV represents an alkylidene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and (B) sodium carboxylate, wherein a molar ratio of the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) and the (B) sodium carboxylate, (A)/(B), is in a range of 0.20 to 0.56.1.-7. (canceled) 8. A composition comprising:
(A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by the following Formula (1): 9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the (B) sodium carboxylate is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sodium aromatic carboxylate, a sodium laurate, a sodium myristate, a sodium palmitate, a sodium stearate, a sodium 12-hydroxystearate, a sodium oleate and a sodium linoleate. 10. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising the composition according to claim 8 such that the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. 11. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin-based resin. 12. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 10. 13. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising a thermoplastic resin and a composition,
wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin resin and the composition comprising: (A) a cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by the following Formula (1): 14. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 13. 15. A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising the composition according to claim 9 such that the (A) cyclic organophosphate aluminum salt represented by Formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. 16. A molded article, comprising the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 11. | 1,600 |
345,367 | 16,643,271 | 1,644 | The present invention relates to a flower pot of a double structure comprised of an inner container and an outer container. The present invention relates in particular to a flower pot of a double structure comprised of an inner container and an outer container, in which an inside container for planting a plant is designed to be transparent so that how the plant is rooted or watered is observable, and the interior of the pot is completely shielded from the light by preventing the light from entering from above and an outside container covering the pot is completely shielded from the light so that moss is suppressed from being grown on the inner surface of the pot and the plant can be grown in a most suitable environment without applying the light to the roots. | 1. A pot of a double structure comprised of an inner container and an outer container disposed outside the inner container,
wherein the inner container is transparent and an upper part of the inner container is shielded from the light and the outer container is colored in a lightproof color or formed of a lightproof material. 2. The pot of claim 1, wherein the outer container is colored in a completely lightproof color or formed of a completely lightproof material. 3. The pot of claim 1, further comprising
a window provided in a side face of a light-tight flower pot, formed of a transparent material, provided so that the content is visible, and closed with an openable door. 4. The pot of claim 2, further comprising
a window provided in a side face of a light-tight flower pot, formed of a transparent material, provided so that the content is visible, and closed with an openable door. | The present invention relates to a flower pot of a double structure comprised of an inner container and an outer container. The present invention relates in particular to a flower pot of a double structure comprised of an inner container and an outer container, in which an inside container for planting a plant is designed to be transparent so that how the plant is rooted or watered is observable, and the interior of the pot is completely shielded from the light by preventing the light from entering from above and an outside container covering the pot is completely shielded from the light so that moss is suppressed from being grown on the inner surface of the pot and the plant can be grown in a most suitable environment without applying the light to the roots.1. A pot of a double structure comprised of an inner container and an outer container disposed outside the inner container,
wherein the inner container is transparent and an upper part of the inner container is shielded from the light and the outer container is colored in a lightproof color or formed of a lightproof material. 2. The pot of claim 1, wherein the outer container is colored in a completely lightproof color or formed of a completely lightproof material. 3. The pot of claim 1, further comprising
a window provided in a side face of a light-tight flower pot, formed of a transparent material, provided so that the content is visible, and closed with an openable door. 4. The pot of claim 2, further comprising
a window provided in a side face of a light-tight flower pot, formed of a transparent material, provided so that the content is visible, and closed with an openable door. | 1,600 |
345,368 | 16,643,280 | 1,644 | A shift register unit, a gate driving circuit, a display device and a driving method. The shift register unit includes a blank input circuit, a blank pull-up circuit, a display input circuit, and an output circuit. The blank input circuit charges and holds the level of the pull-up control node, the blank pull-up circuit uses a first clock signal to charge a pull-up node, the display input circuit charges the pull-up node, and the output circuit outputs a plurality of output clock signals respectively to a plurality of output terminals. The plurality of output terminals include a shift signal output terminal and a plurality of pixel signal output terminals. The plurality of pixel signal output terminals are configured to respectively output a plurality of pixel signals to a plurality of rows of pixel units. | 1. A shift register unit comprising a blank input circuit, a blank pull-up circuit, a display input circuit, and an output circuit;
wherein the blank input circuit is configured to charge a pull-up control node in response to a compensation selection control signal and hold the level of the pull-up control node; wherein the blank pull-up circuit is configured to charge a pull-up node by using a first clock signal under the control of the level of the pull-up control node and the first clock signal; wherein the display input circuit is configured to charge the pull-up node in response to a display input signal; wherein the output circuit is configured to output a plurality of output clock signals to a plurality of output terminals respectively under the control of the level of the pull-up node and the plurality of output clock signals; wherein the plurality of output terminals comprise a shift signal output terminal and a plurality of pixel signal output terminals; and wherein the plurality of pixel signal output terminals are configured to output a plurality of pixel signals to a plurality of rows of pixel units respectively. 2. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the blank input circuit comprises a first transistor and a first capacitor;
wherein a control electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a compensation selection control terminal to receive the compensation selection control signal, wherein a first electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a blank input signal terminal, and wherein a second electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the pull-up control node; and wherein a first electrode of the first capacitor is coupled to the pull-up control node, and wherein a second electrode of the first capacitor is coupled to a first voltage terminal. 3. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the blank pull-up circuit comprises a second transistor and a third transistor;
wherein a control electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the pull-up control node, wherein a first electrode of the second transistor is coupled to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and wherein a second electrode of the second transistor is coupled to a first electrode of the third transistor; and wherein a control electrode of the third transistor is coupled to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and wherein a second electrode of the third transistor is coupled to the pull-up node. 4. The shift register unit according to claim 3, further comprising a blank pull-up holding circuit;
wherein the blank pull-up holding circuit is coupled to the pull-up control node and is configured to pull up and hold the pull-up control node in response to the first clock signal; wherein the blank pull-up holding circuit comprises a first coupling capacitor, and wherein a first electrode of the first coupling capacitor is coupled to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and wherein a second electrode of the first coupling capacitor is coupled to the pull-up control node. 5. The shift register unit according to claim 4, wherein the blank pull-up holding circuit further comprises a second coupling capacitor,
wherein a first electrode of the second coupling capacitor is coupled to the second electrode of the second transistor, and wherein a second electrode of the second coupling capacitor is coupled to the pull-up control node. 6. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the display input circuit comprises a fourth transistor,
wherein a control electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to a display input signal terminal to receive the display input signal, wherein a first electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and wherein a second electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node. 7. The shift register unit according to claim 1,
wherein the shift signal output sub-circuit comprises a fifth transistor, wherein a control electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, wherein a first electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to a shift clock signal terminal to receive a shift clock signal, and wherein a second electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to the shift signal output terminal; and wherein one of the plurality of pixel signal output sub-circuits comprises a sixth transistor, wherein a control electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, wherein a first electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to one of a plurality of pixel clock signal terminals to receive one of the plurality of pixel clock signals, and wherein a second electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to one of the plurality of pixel signal output terminals. 8. The shift register unit according to claim 1, further comprising a first pull-down control circuit and a pull-down circuit;
wherein the first pull-down control circuit is configured to control the level of a pull-down node under the control of the level of the pull-up node; and wherein the pull-down circuit is configured to pull-down and reset the pull-up node, the shift signal output terminal, and the plurality of pixel signal output terminals under the control of the level of the pull-down node. 9. The shift register unit according to claim 8, wherein the first pull-down control circuit comprises a seventh transistor, an eighth transistor, and a ninth transistor;
wherein a control electrode and a first electrode of the seventh transistor are coupled and are configured to be coupled to a third voltage terminal to receive a third voltage, and wherein a second electrode of the seventh transistor is coupled to the pull-down node; wherein a control electrode and a first electrode of the eighth transistor are coupled and are configured to be coupled to a fourth voltage terminal to receive a fourth voltage, and wherein a second electrode of the eighth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node; and wherein a control electrode of the ninth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, wherein a first electrode of the ninth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the ninth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage. 10. The shift register unit according to claim 8, wherein the pull-down circuit comprises a tenth transistor, an eleventh transistor, and a twelfth transistor;
wherein a control electrode of the tenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, wherein a first electrode of the tenth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, and wherein a second electrode of the tenth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage; wherein a control electrode of the eleventh transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, wherein a first electrode of the eleventh transistor is coupled to the shift signal output terminal, and wherein a second electrode of the eleventh transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage; and wherein a control electrode of the twelfth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, wherein a first electrode of the twelfth transistor is coupled to one of the plurality of pixel signal output terminals, and wherein a second electrode of the twelfth transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage. 11. The shift register unit according to claim 8, further comprising a second pull-down control circuit and a third pull-down control circuit;
whir the second pull-down control circuit is configured to control the level of the pull-down node in response to the first clock signal; and wherein the third pull-down control circuit is configured to control the level of the pull-down node in response to the display input signal. 12. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second pull-down control circuit comprises a thirteenth transistor, and wherein the third pull-down control circuit comprises a fourteenth transistor,
wherein a control electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, wherein a first electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage; and wherein a control electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to a display input signal terminal to receive the display input signal, wherein a first electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage. 13. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second pull-down control circuit comprises a thirteenth transistor and a seventeenth transistor, and the third pull-down control circuit comprises a fourteenth transistor;
wherein a control electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, wherein a first electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to a first electrode of the seventeenth transistor; wherein a control electrode of the seventeenth transistor is coupled to the pull-up control node, and wherein a second electrode of the seventeenth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage; and wherein a control electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to a display input signal terminal to receive the display input signal, wherein a first electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage. 14. The shift register unit according to claim 8, further comprising a display reset circuit and a global reset circuit,
wherein the display reset circuit is configured to reset the pull-up node in response to a display reset signal; and wherein the global reset circuit is configured to reset the pull-up node in response to a global reset signal. 15. The shift register unit according to claim 14, wherein the display reset circuit comprises a fifteenth transistor, and wherein the global reset circuit comprises a sixteenth transistor;
wherein a control electrode of the fifteenth transistor is coupled to a display reset signal terminal to receive the display reset signal, wherein a first electrode of the fifteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, and wherein a second electrode of the fifteenth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage; and wherein a control electrode of the sixteenth transistor is coupled to a global reset signal terminal to receive the global reset signal, wherein a first electrode of the sixteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, and wherein a second electrode of the sixteenth transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage. 16. A gate driving circuit comprising a plurality of cascaded shift register units according to claim 1. 17. The gate driving circuit according to claim 16,
wherein an Mth-stage shift register unit outputs pixel signals for pixel units of a 2M−1th row and pixel signals for pixel units of a 2Mth row; wherein a shift signal output terminal of the Mth-stage shift register unit is coupled to a display input signal terminal of an M+1th-stage shift register unit; wherein a display reset signal terminal of the Mth-stage shift register unit is coupled to a shift signal output terminal of an M+2th stage shift register unit; and wherein M is an integer greater than zero. 18. A display device comprising a gate driving circuit according to claim 16. 19. A driving method of a shift register unit according to claim 1, the method comprising:
in a display period of a frame, outputting the shift signal to another shift register unit through the shift signal output terminal; and in a display period of a frame, outputting a plurality of pixel signals respectively to a plurality of rows of pixel units through the plurality of pixel signal output terminals, wherein the plurality of pixel signals comprise a plurality of display output signals. 20. The driving method of a shift register unit according to claim 19,
wherein in a display period of a frame, the plurality of pixel clock signals are respectively inputted into the plurality of pixel signal output sub-circuits based on a display timing of the plurality of rows of pixel units; wherein the display timing is a row scan display timing that causes each row of the plurality of rows of pixel units to be displayed in sequence; and wherein in a display period of a frame, the plurality of pixel signal output sub-circuits respectively output the plurality of pixel clock signals to the plurality of pixel signal output terminals under the control of the plurality of pixel clock signals, as the plurality of display output signals. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) | A shift register unit, a gate driving circuit, a display device and a driving method. The shift register unit includes a blank input circuit, a blank pull-up circuit, a display input circuit, and an output circuit. The blank input circuit charges and holds the level of the pull-up control node, the blank pull-up circuit uses a first clock signal to charge a pull-up node, the display input circuit charges the pull-up node, and the output circuit outputs a plurality of output clock signals respectively to a plurality of output terminals. The plurality of output terminals include a shift signal output terminal and a plurality of pixel signal output terminals. The plurality of pixel signal output terminals are configured to respectively output a plurality of pixel signals to a plurality of rows of pixel units.1. A shift register unit comprising a blank input circuit, a blank pull-up circuit, a display input circuit, and an output circuit;
wherein the blank input circuit is configured to charge a pull-up control node in response to a compensation selection control signal and hold the level of the pull-up control node; wherein the blank pull-up circuit is configured to charge a pull-up node by using a first clock signal under the control of the level of the pull-up control node and the first clock signal; wherein the display input circuit is configured to charge the pull-up node in response to a display input signal; wherein the output circuit is configured to output a plurality of output clock signals to a plurality of output terminals respectively under the control of the level of the pull-up node and the plurality of output clock signals; wherein the plurality of output terminals comprise a shift signal output terminal and a plurality of pixel signal output terminals; and wherein the plurality of pixel signal output terminals are configured to output a plurality of pixel signals to a plurality of rows of pixel units respectively. 2. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the blank input circuit comprises a first transistor and a first capacitor;
wherein a control electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a compensation selection control terminal to receive the compensation selection control signal, wherein a first electrode of the first transistor is coupled to a blank input signal terminal, and wherein a second electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the pull-up control node; and wherein a first electrode of the first capacitor is coupled to the pull-up control node, and wherein a second electrode of the first capacitor is coupled to a first voltage terminal. 3. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the blank pull-up circuit comprises a second transistor and a third transistor;
wherein a control electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the pull-up control node, wherein a first electrode of the second transistor is coupled to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and wherein a second electrode of the second transistor is coupled to a first electrode of the third transistor; and wherein a control electrode of the third transistor is coupled to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and wherein a second electrode of the third transistor is coupled to the pull-up node. 4. The shift register unit according to claim 3, further comprising a blank pull-up holding circuit;
wherein the blank pull-up holding circuit is coupled to the pull-up control node and is configured to pull up and hold the pull-up control node in response to the first clock signal; wherein the blank pull-up holding circuit comprises a first coupling capacitor, and wherein a first electrode of the first coupling capacitor is coupled to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and wherein a second electrode of the first coupling capacitor is coupled to the pull-up control node. 5. The shift register unit according to claim 4, wherein the blank pull-up holding circuit further comprises a second coupling capacitor,
wherein a first electrode of the second coupling capacitor is coupled to the second electrode of the second transistor, and wherein a second electrode of the second coupling capacitor is coupled to the pull-up control node. 6. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the display input circuit comprises a fourth transistor,
wherein a control electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to a display input signal terminal to receive the display input signal, wherein a first electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and wherein a second electrode of the fourth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node. 7. The shift register unit according to claim 1,
wherein the shift signal output sub-circuit comprises a fifth transistor, wherein a control electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, wherein a first electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to a shift clock signal terminal to receive a shift clock signal, and wherein a second electrode of the fifth transistor is coupled to the shift signal output terminal; and wherein one of the plurality of pixel signal output sub-circuits comprises a sixth transistor, wherein a control electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, wherein a first electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to one of a plurality of pixel clock signal terminals to receive one of the plurality of pixel clock signals, and wherein a second electrode of the sixth transistor is coupled to one of the plurality of pixel signal output terminals. 8. The shift register unit according to claim 1, further comprising a first pull-down control circuit and a pull-down circuit;
wherein the first pull-down control circuit is configured to control the level of a pull-down node under the control of the level of the pull-up node; and wherein the pull-down circuit is configured to pull-down and reset the pull-up node, the shift signal output terminal, and the plurality of pixel signal output terminals under the control of the level of the pull-down node. 9. The shift register unit according to claim 8, wherein the first pull-down control circuit comprises a seventh transistor, an eighth transistor, and a ninth transistor;
wherein a control electrode and a first electrode of the seventh transistor are coupled and are configured to be coupled to a third voltage terminal to receive a third voltage, and wherein a second electrode of the seventh transistor is coupled to the pull-down node; wherein a control electrode and a first electrode of the eighth transistor are coupled and are configured to be coupled to a fourth voltage terminal to receive a fourth voltage, and wherein a second electrode of the eighth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node; and wherein a control electrode of the ninth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, wherein a first electrode of the ninth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the ninth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage. 10. The shift register unit according to claim 8, wherein the pull-down circuit comprises a tenth transistor, an eleventh transistor, and a twelfth transistor;
wherein a control electrode of the tenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, wherein a first electrode of the tenth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, and wherein a second electrode of the tenth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage; wherein a control electrode of the eleventh transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, wherein a first electrode of the eleventh transistor is coupled to the shift signal output terminal, and wherein a second electrode of the eleventh transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage; and wherein a control electrode of the twelfth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, wherein a first electrode of the twelfth transistor is coupled to one of the plurality of pixel signal output terminals, and wherein a second electrode of the twelfth transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage. 11. The shift register unit according to claim 8, further comprising a second pull-down control circuit and a third pull-down control circuit;
whir the second pull-down control circuit is configured to control the level of the pull-down node in response to the first clock signal; and wherein the third pull-down control circuit is configured to control the level of the pull-down node in response to the display input signal. 12. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second pull-down control circuit comprises a thirteenth transistor, and wherein the third pull-down control circuit comprises a fourteenth transistor,
wherein a control electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, wherein a first electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage; and wherein a control electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to a display input signal terminal to receive the display input signal, wherein a first electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage. 13. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second pull-down control circuit comprises a thirteenth transistor and a seventeenth transistor, and the third pull-down control circuit comprises a fourteenth transistor;
wherein a control electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, wherein a first electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the thirteenth transistor is coupled to a first electrode of the seventeenth transistor; wherein a control electrode of the seventeenth transistor is coupled to the pull-up control node, and wherein a second electrode of the seventeenth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage; and wherein a control electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to a display input signal terminal to receive the display input signal, wherein a first electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-down node, and wherein a second electrode of the fourteenth transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage. 14. The shift register unit according to claim 8, further comprising a display reset circuit and a global reset circuit,
wherein the display reset circuit is configured to reset the pull-up node in response to a display reset signal; and wherein the global reset circuit is configured to reset the pull-up node in response to a global reset signal. 15. The shift register unit according to claim 14, wherein the display reset circuit comprises a fifteenth transistor, and wherein the global reset circuit comprises a sixteenth transistor;
wherein a control electrode of the fifteenth transistor is coupled to a display reset signal terminal to receive the display reset signal, wherein a first electrode of the fifteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, and wherein a second electrode of the fifteenth transistor is coupled to a fifth voltage terminal to receive a fifth voltage; and wherein a control electrode of the sixteenth transistor is coupled to a global reset signal terminal to receive the global reset signal, wherein a first electrode of the sixteenth transistor is coupled to the pull-up node, and wherein a second electrode of the sixteenth transistor is coupled to the fifth voltage terminal to receive the fifth voltage. 16. A gate driving circuit comprising a plurality of cascaded shift register units according to claim 1. 17. The gate driving circuit according to claim 16,
wherein an Mth-stage shift register unit outputs pixel signals for pixel units of a 2M−1th row and pixel signals for pixel units of a 2Mth row; wherein a shift signal output terminal of the Mth-stage shift register unit is coupled to a display input signal terminal of an M+1th-stage shift register unit; wherein a display reset signal terminal of the Mth-stage shift register unit is coupled to a shift signal output terminal of an M+2th stage shift register unit; and wherein M is an integer greater than zero. 18. A display device comprising a gate driving circuit according to claim 16. 19. A driving method of a shift register unit according to claim 1, the method comprising:
in a display period of a frame, outputting the shift signal to another shift register unit through the shift signal output terminal; and in a display period of a frame, outputting a plurality of pixel signals respectively to a plurality of rows of pixel units through the plurality of pixel signal output terminals, wherein the plurality of pixel signals comprise a plurality of display output signals. 20. The driving method of a shift register unit according to claim 19,
wherein in a display period of a frame, the plurality of pixel clock signals are respectively inputted into the plurality of pixel signal output sub-circuits based on a display timing of the plurality of rows of pixel units; wherein the display timing is a row scan display timing that causes each row of the plurality of rows of pixel units to be displayed in sequence; and wherein in a display period of a frame, the plurality of pixel signal output sub-circuits respectively output the plurality of pixel clock signals to the plurality of pixel signal output terminals under the control of the plurality of pixel clock signals, as the plurality of display output signals. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,369 | 16,643,291 | 1,644 | The present invention relates to a device and method for simulating the power consumption by a power load, which uses data collected over a long period of time on the inclined insolation, the horizontal insolation, the external temperature, the photovoltaic module temperature, the solar power generation facilities and generated solar power corresponding to the solar power generation facilities for each region. The device and method of the present invention simulates or estimates the power consumption by power loads provided by a user and shows a result of the simulation when a user desires to design or build a renewable solar power energy system. | 1. A device for simulating power consumption by power load comprising:
a user input unit for receiving user instructions; a display unit; a data storage unit for storing data including inclined insolation and horizontal insolation, external temperature, photovoltaic module temperature, solar power generation facility and generated solar power corresponding to the solar power generation facility measured in various geographical regions within a certain period of time; a data input processing unit for outputting a data input screen on the display unit and receiving data regarding energy storage system, power load and AC power supply system from the user input unit; a data retrieval processing unit configured to use information on a solar power generation facility and a geographical region where the solar power generation facility is to be installed, for retrieving from the data storage unit solar power generation facility data and corresponding solar power data within a predetermined period of time, the retrieved data being related to a solar power generation facility that is the same as or similar to the solar power generation facility to be installed; and a simulation processing unit including a power consumption calculation unit configured to use the solar power data within the predetermined period of time retrieved by the data retrieval processing unit and the data regarding the energy storage system, the power load and the AC power supply system received by the data input processing unit, for calculating the amount of the power consumption by power load within a set time. 2. The device for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 1, wherein:
the power consumption calculation unit is further configured to calculate the remaining time required for the power load to consume all the power generated by the solar power generation facility. 3. The device for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 1, wherein:
the data retrieval processing unit calculates the statistical values of the solar power data within the predetermined period of time for a plurality of group of solar power generation facility data when two or more groups of retrieved data are related to a solar power generation facility that is the same as or similar to the solar power generation facility to be installed and the geographical region where the solar power generation facility is to be installed. 4. The device for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 1, wherein the simulation processing unit further includes an hourly status processing unit configured to:
output the data input screen on the display unit for showing a night mode selection box and a selection box whether to use power load use for each of 24 hours, a simulation pattern time input window, a simulation start pattern input window, and operation (Run), stop (Stop) and reset (Reset) icons for the simulation operation; use the data from the user input unit including the night mode selection, whether to use power load for each of 24 hours, a simulation pattern time and simulation start pattern, the data from the data retrieval processing unit including the solar power data within the predetermined period of time and data from the data input processing unit including data regarding the energy storage system, the power load and the AC power supply system, in order to calculate the amount of solar power generation, the amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system for each of the 24 hours; and output a graph on the display unit for the calculated values regarding the amount of the solar power to be generated, the battery charge level of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system. 5. The device for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 4, wherein the simulation processing unit further includes a cumulative status processing unit configured to:
use the calculated values regarding the amount of generated solar power, the amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply for each of the 24 hours, in order to output a graph on the display unit for the calculated values regarding the accumulated amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the accumulated amount of power consumption by the power load, and the accumulated amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system. 6. A method for simulating power consumption by power load comprising the steps of:
displaying a data input screen on a display unit for receiving user input data including a solar power generation facility and a geographical region where the solar power generation facility is to be installed, and data regarding energy storage system, power load and AC power supply system; using the user input data including the solar power generation facility and the geographical region where the solar power generation facility is to be installed in order to retrieve from the data storage unit solar power generation facility data and corresponding solar power data within a predetermined period of time, the retrieved data being related to a solar power generation facility that is the same as or similar to the solar power generation facility to be installed; and using the retrieved solar power data within the predetermined period of time, the user input data regarding the energy storage system, the power load and the AC power supply system in order to calculate the amount of the power consumption by the power load within a set time for simulation operation. 7. The method for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 6 further comprising the steps of:
displaying a data input screen for showing a night mode selection box and a selection box whether to use power load for each of 24 hours, a simulation pattern time input window, a simulation start pattern input window, and operation (Run), stop (Stop) and reset (Reset) icons for the simulation operation;
receiving data including the night mode selection, whether to use power load for each of 24 hours, a simulation pattern time and simulation start pattern;
using the data including the simulation pattern time and simulation start pattern data, the retrieved solar power data within the predetermined period of time and the data regarding the energy storage system, the power load and the AC power supply system, in order to calculate the amount of solar power generation, the amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system for each of the 24 hours; and
displaying a graph for the calculated values regarding the amount of solar power generation, the battery charge level of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system. 8. The method for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 7 further comprising the step of:
using the calculated values regarding the amount of solar power generation, the amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply for each of the 24 hours, in order to display a graph for the calculated values regarding the accumulated amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the accumulated amount of power consumption by the power load, and the accumulated amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system. | The present invention relates to a device and method for simulating the power consumption by a power load, which uses data collected over a long period of time on the inclined insolation, the horizontal insolation, the external temperature, the photovoltaic module temperature, the solar power generation facilities and generated solar power corresponding to the solar power generation facilities for each region. The device and method of the present invention simulates or estimates the power consumption by power loads provided by a user and shows a result of the simulation when a user desires to design or build a renewable solar power energy system.1. A device for simulating power consumption by power load comprising:
a user input unit for receiving user instructions; a display unit; a data storage unit for storing data including inclined insolation and horizontal insolation, external temperature, photovoltaic module temperature, solar power generation facility and generated solar power corresponding to the solar power generation facility measured in various geographical regions within a certain period of time; a data input processing unit for outputting a data input screen on the display unit and receiving data regarding energy storage system, power load and AC power supply system from the user input unit; a data retrieval processing unit configured to use information on a solar power generation facility and a geographical region where the solar power generation facility is to be installed, for retrieving from the data storage unit solar power generation facility data and corresponding solar power data within a predetermined period of time, the retrieved data being related to a solar power generation facility that is the same as or similar to the solar power generation facility to be installed; and a simulation processing unit including a power consumption calculation unit configured to use the solar power data within the predetermined period of time retrieved by the data retrieval processing unit and the data regarding the energy storage system, the power load and the AC power supply system received by the data input processing unit, for calculating the amount of the power consumption by power load within a set time. 2. The device for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 1, wherein:
the power consumption calculation unit is further configured to calculate the remaining time required for the power load to consume all the power generated by the solar power generation facility. 3. The device for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 1, wherein:
the data retrieval processing unit calculates the statistical values of the solar power data within the predetermined period of time for a plurality of group of solar power generation facility data when two or more groups of retrieved data are related to a solar power generation facility that is the same as or similar to the solar power generation facility to be installed and the geographical region where the solar power generation facility is to be installed. 4. The device for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 1, wherein the simulation processing unit further includes an hourly status processing unit configured to:
output the data input screen on the display unit for showing a night mode selection box and a selection box whether to use power load use for each of 24 hours, a simulation pattern time input window, a simulation start pattern input window, and operation (Run), stop (Stop) and reset (Reset) icons for the simulation operation; use the data from the user input unit including the night mode selection, whether to use power load for each of 24 hours, a simulation pattern time and simulation start pattern, the data from the data retrieval processing unit including the solar power data within the predetermined period of time and data from the data input processing unit including data regarding the energy storage system, the power load and the AC power supply system, in order to calculate the amount of solar power generation, the amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system for each of the 24 hours; and output a graph on the display unit for the calculated values regarding the amount of the solar power to be generated, the battery charge level of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system. 5. The device for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 4, wherein the simulation processing unit further includes a cumulative status processing unit configured to:
use the calculated values regarding the amount of generated solar power, the amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply for each of the 24 hours, in order to output a graph on the display unit for the calculated values regarding the accumulated amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the accumulated amount of power consumption by the power load, and the accumulated amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system. 6. A method for simulating power consumption by power load comprising the steps of:
displaying a data input screen on a display unit for receiving user input data including a solar power generation facility and a geographical region where the solar power generation facility is to be installed, and data regarding energy storage system, power load and AC power supply system; using the user input data including the solar power generation facility and the geographical region where the solar power generation facility is to be installed in order to retrieve from the data storage unit solar power generation facility data and corresponding solar power data within a predetermined period of time, the retrieved data being related to a solar power generation facility that is the same as or similar to the solar power generation facility to be installed; and using the retrieved solar power data within the predetermined period of time, the user input data regarding the energy storage system, the power load and the AC power supply system in order to calculate the amount of the power consumption by the power load within a set time for simulation operation. 7. The method for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 6 further comprising the steps of:
displaying a data input screen for showing a night mode selection box and a selection box whether to use power load for each of 24 hours, a simulation pattern time input window, a simulation start pattern input window, and operation (Run), stop (Stop) and reset (Reset) icons for the simulation operation;
receiving data including the night mode selection, whether to use power load for each of 24 hours, a simulation pattern time and simulation start pattern;
using the data including the simulation pattern time and simulation start pattern data, the retrieved solar power data within the predetermined period of time and the data regarding the energy storage system, the power load and the AC power supply system, in order to calculate the amount of solar power generation, the amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system for each of the 24 hours; and
displaying a graph for the calculated values regarding the amount of solar power generation, the battery charge level of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system. 8. The method for simulating power consumption by power load according to claim 7 further comprising the step of:
using the calculated values regarding the amount of solar power generation, the amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the amount of power consumption by the power load, and the amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply for each of the 24 hours, in order to display a graph for the calculated values regarding the accumulated amount of battery charge and discharge of the energy storage system, the accumulated amount of power consumption by the power load, and the accumulated amount of consumption of power from the AC power supply system. | 1,600 |
345,370 | 16,643,304 | 1,644 | Also disclosed is a 3D printed dental prosthesis or component thereof prepared by the inventive method; and a method of providing a patient in need thereof with the 3D printed dental prosthesis or component thereof by inserting same into the oral cavity of the patient. | 1. A method of preparing a dental prosthesis comprising:
(a) 3D printing a dental prosthesis or a component of a dental prosthesis using a polymerizable resin ink with layer-by-layer curing with light; and thereafter (b) subjecting the dental prosthesis or component thereof obtained in (a) to ionizing radiation radiation. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable resin ink comprises polymerizable (meth)acrylate monomers. 3. The method according claim 1, wherein the curing with light involves ultraviolet light. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ionizing radiation is gamma radiation. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the gamma radiation is Cobalt-60. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the Cobalt-60 is used in a dosage of 20-60 kGy. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the dosage is about 25 kGy. 8. A dental prosthesis prepared by a method according to claim 1. 9. A method of providing a dental patient with a dental prosthesis, the method comprising:
(a) preparing a dental prosthesis according to claim 1; and (b) installing the dental prosthesis into the oral cavity of said patient. | Also disclosed is a 3D printed dental prosthesis or component thereof prepared by the inventive method; and a method of providing a patient in need thereof with the 3D printed dental prosthesis or component thereof by inserting same into the oral cavity of the patient.1. A method of preparing a dental prosthesis comprising:
(a) 3D printing a dental prosthesis or a component of a dental prosthesis using a polymerizable resin ink with layer-by-layer curing with light; and thereafter (b) subjecting the dental prosthesis or component thereof obtained in (a) to ionizing radiation radiation. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable resin ink comprises polymerizable (meth)acrylate monomers. 3. The method according claim 1, wherein the curing with light involves ultraviolet light. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ionizing radiation is gamma radiation. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the gamma radiation is Cobalt-60. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the Cobalt-60 is used in a dosage of 20-60 kGy. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the dosage is about 25 kGy. 8. A dental prosthesis prepared by a method according to claim 1. 9. A method of providing a dental patient with a dental prosthesis, the method comprising:
(a) preparing a dental prosthesis according to claim 1; and (b) installing the dental prosthesis into the oral cavity of said patient. | 1,600 |
345,371 | 16,643,283 | 1,644 | Provided is an image analysis distance information provision system, and the system includes: a computer and an imaging device. The control unit of the computer is configured to perform the following steps according to an image of an object captured by the imaging device: determining the type of the captured object; calculating the actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object; calculating the shooting range of the image of the captured object according to the calculation result; and estimating the distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to the calculated shooting range. | 1.-6. (canceled) 7. An image analysis distance information provision system, comprising:
an object information storage unit, which is configured to pre-store object information comprising shape information about a shape of an object and size information about a size of the object; an image acquisition unit, which is configured to acquire an image of an object captured by an imaging device; a type determination unit, which is configured to determine a type of the captured object according to the shape information; a length calculation unit, which is configured to calculate an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object; a shooting range calculation unit, which is configured to calculate a shooting range of the image of the captured object according to a calculation result of the length calculation unit; a distance estimation unit, which is configured to estimate a distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to the shooting range; and a provision unit, which is configured to provide information about the estimated distance; wherein the shape information comprises image data of lateral surfaces, front and back of the object; wherein the system further comprises a correction unit, which is configured to transform coordinates of the image of the object captured by the imaging device, so that the image of the captured object is corrected; wherein the type determination unit is configured to the type of the captured object according to the corrected image of the captured object with reference to the shape information; and wherein the length calculation unit is configured to calculate, according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object, an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object corrected by the correction unit. 8. The image analysis distance information providing system according to claim 7, wherein
the distance estimation unit is configured to estimate the distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to a viewing angle and a magnification of the imaging device. 9. The image analysis distance information providing system according to claim 7, further comprising:
a position coordinate estimation unit, which is configured to estimate position coordinates of the captured object according to position coordinates of the imaging device and the distance estimated by the distance estimation unit, wherein the provision unit is configured to provide information about the distance estimated by the distance estimation unit and information about the position coordinates estimated by the position coordinate estimation unit. 10. A distance information provision method by using a system, wherein the system is configured to analyze an image captured by an imaging device and provide the distance information about a distance between the imaging device and a captured object;
wherein the system comprises: an object information storage unit, which is configured to pre-store object information comprising shape information about a shape of an object and size information about a size of the object; and wherein the method comprises: acquiring the image of the object captured by the imaging device; determining a type of the captured object according to the shape information; calculating an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object; calculating a shooting range of the image of the captured object according to a calculation result of the actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object; estimating the distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to the shooting range; and providing information about the estimated distance; wherein the shape information comprises image data of lateral surfaces, front and back of the object; wherein the method further comprises a step of transforming coordinates of the image of the object captured by the imaging device, so that the image of the captured object is corrected; wherein in the step of determining the type of the captured object, the type of the captured object is determined according to the corrected image of the captured object with reference to the shape information; and wherein in the step of calculating the actual length of the captured object, an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object corrected by the correction unit is calculated according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object. 11. A program for causing a system to perform prescribed steps, wherein
the system comprises an object information storage unit configured to pre-store object information comprising shape information about a shape of an object and size information about a size of the object; the system is configured to analyze an image captured by an imaging device and provide distance information about a distance between the imaging device and a captured object; and the program is configured to cause the system to perform the following prescribed steps: acquiring the image of the object captured by the imaging device; determining a type of the captured object according to the shape information; calculating an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object; calculating a shooting range of the image of the captured object according to a calculation result of the actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object; estimating the distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to the shooting range; and providing information about the estimated distance; wherein the shape information comprises image data of lateral surfaces, front and back of the object; wherein the prescribed steps further comprise a step of transforming coordinates of the image of the object captured by the imaging device, so that the image of the captured object is corrected; wherein in the step of determining the type of the captured object, the type of the captured object is determined according to the corrected image of the captured object with reference to the shape information; and wherein in the step of calculating the actual length of the captured object, an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object corrected by the correction unit is calculated according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object. | Provided is an image analysis distance information provision system, and the system includes: a computer and an imaging device. The control unit of the computer is configured to perform the following steps according to an image of an object captured by the imaging device: determining the type of the captured object; calculating the actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object; calculating the shooting range of the image of the captured object according to the calculation result; and estimating the distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to the calculated shooting range.1.-6. (canceled) 7. An image analysis distance information provision system, comprising:
an object information storage unit, which is configured to pre-store object information comprising shape information about a shape of an object and size information about a size of the object; an image acquisition unit, which is configured to acquire an image of an object captured by an imaging device; a type determination unit, which is configured to determine a type of the captured object according to the shape information; a length calculation unit, which is configured to calculate an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object; a shooting range calculation unit, which is configured to calculate a shooting range of the image of the captured object according to a calculation result of the length calculation unit; a distance estimation unit, which is configured to estimate a distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to the shooting range; and a provision unit, which is configured to provide information about the estimated distance; wherein the shape information comprises image data of lateral surfaces, front and back of the object; wherein the system further comprises a correction unit, which is configured to transform coordinates of the image of the object captured by the imaging device, so that the image of the captured object is corrected; wherein the type determination unit is configured to the type of the captured object according to the corrected image of the captured object with reference to the shape information; and wherein the length calculation unit is configured to calculate, according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object, an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object corrected by the correction unit. 8. The image analysis distance information providing system according to claim 7, wherein
the distance estimation unit is configured to estimate the distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to a viewing angle and a magnification of the imaging device. 9. The image analysis distance information providing system according to claim 7, further comprising:
a position coordinate estimation unit, which is configured to estimate position coordinates of the captured object according to position coordinates of the imaging device and the distance estimated by the distance estimation unit, wherein the provision unit is configured to provide information about the distance estimated by the distance estimation unit and information about the position coordinates estimated by the position coordinate estimation unit. 10. A distance information provision method by using a system, wherein the system is configured to analyze an image captured by an imaging device and provide the distance information about a distance between the imaging device and a captured object;
wherein the system comprises: an object information storage unit, which is configured to pre-store object information comprising shape information about a shape of an object and size information about a size of the object; and wherein the method comprises: acquiring the image of the object captured by the imaging device; determining a type of the captured object according to the shape information; calculating an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object; calculating a shooting range of the image of the captured object according to a calculation result of the actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object; estimating the distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to the shooting range; and providing information about the estimated distance; wherein the shape information comprises image data of lateral surfaces, front and back of the object; wherein the method further comprises a step of transforming coordinates of the image of the object captured by the imaging device, so that the image of the captured object is corrected; wherein in the step of determining the type of the captured object, the type of the captured object is determined according to the corrected image of the captured object with reference to the shape information; and wherein in the step of calculating the actual length of the captured object, an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object corrected by the correction unit is calculated according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object. 11. A program for causing a system to perform prescribed steps, wherein
the system comprises an object information storage unit configured to pre-store object information comprising shape information about a shape of an object and size information about a size of the object; the system is configured to analyze an image captured by an imaging device and provide distance information about a distance between the imaging device and a captured object; and the program is configured to cause the system to perform the following prescribed steps: acquiring the image of the object captured by the imaging device; determining a type of the captured object according to the shape information; calculating an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object; calculating a shooting range of the image of the captured object according to a calculation result of the actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object; estimating the distance from the imaging device to the captured object according to the shooting range; and providing information about the estimated distance; wherein the shape information comprises image data of lateral surfaces, front and back of the object; wherein the prescribed steps further comprise a step of transforming coordinates of the image of the object captured by the imaging device, so that the image of the captured object is corrected; wherein in the step of determining the type of the captured object, the type of the captured object is determined according to the corrected image of the captured object with reference to the shape information; and wherein in the step of calculating the actual length of the captured object, an actual length of the captured object per unit length of the image of the captured object corrected by the correction unit is calculated according to the shape information associated with the determined type of the captured object. | 1,600 |
345,372 | 16,643,276 | 1,644 | An insert for a run slide for a vehicle window, the insert being intended to be overmoulded to form a connecting wedge between two strands of the run slide, the insert being formed in one piece and comprising first indexing means configured to cooperate with a portion of a vehicle door frame and second indexing means configured to cooperate with a portion of a hubcap to be attached to one of the strands, wherein the first means comprise at least one protruding pin configured to be engaged in a recess of a rabbet of the vehicle door frame to index the insert along an axis X substantially parallel to an axis of elongation of the rabbet, and wherein the second means are configured to cooperate by complementarity of shapes with the portion of the hubcap to ensure indexing the hubcap along the axis X and along an axis Z perpendicular to X and substantially parallel to an axis of elongation of the hubcap. | 1. An insert for a run slide for a vehicle window, the insert being adapted to be overmoulded to form a connecting wedge between two strands of the run slide, the insert being formed in one piece and comprising first indexing means configured to cooperate with a portion of a door frame of the vehicle and second indexing means configured to cooperate with a portion of a cover adapted to be attached to one of the said strands, wherein said first indexing means comprise at least one protruding pin configured to be engaged in a notch of a rabbet of the door frame of the vehicle in order to ensure indexing of said insert along an axis X substantially parallel to an axis of elongation of the rabbet, and wherein said second indexing means are configured to cooperate by complementary shapes with said portion of the cover in order to ensure indexing of said cover along said axis X and along an axis Z perpendicular to X and substantially parallel to an axis of elongation of said cover. 2. The insert according to claim 1, further comprising a shelf configured to extend parallel to the rabbet and on which said protruding pin is located. 3. The insert according to claim 2, further comprising a plate configured to extend perpendicularly to a plane of the rabbet and on one face of which said second indexing means are located. 4. The insert according to claim 3, wherein the plate comprises an outer face on which said second indexing means are located, and an inner face on which positioning and/or anchoring studs are located. 5. The insert according to claim 3, wherein the shelf and the plate are connected by a thinned connection. 6. The insert according to claim 5, further comprising a first test pattern. 7. The insert according to claim 6, wherein said first test pattern is located on an inner face of said thinned part. 8. The insert according to claim 6, wherein the plate comprises an outer face on which said second indexing means are located, and an inner face on which positioning and/or anchoring studs are located, and wherein the insert further comprises a second test pattern which is located on said outer face of said plate. 9. The insert according to claim 1, wherein said second indexing means comprises a recess configured to receive said portion of the cover. 10. The insert according to claim 9, wherein said recess has a generally trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, a large base of which is located at an opening of said recess and a small base of which is located at a bottom of said recess. 11. The insert according to claim 9, further comprising a plate including an outer face on which said second indexing means are located, and an inner face on which positioning and/or anchoring studs are located, and wherein said second indexing means comprises a peripheral O-shaped edge formed as a protrusion on said outer face and internally defining said recess. 12. A run slide for a vehicle window comprising at least two strands, such as a horizontal strand and a vertical strand, connected together by an overmoulded wedge in which an insert according to claim 1 is integrated. 13. The run slide according to claim 12, wherein said first and second indexing means are free of overmolded material. 14. The run slide according to claim 13, wherein the insert comprises a shelf configured to extend parallel to the rabbet and on which said protruding pin is located, wherein said pin and said shelf are free of overmolded material. 15. The run slide according to claim 12, wherein the insert further comprises a first test pattern, wherein the first test pattern is free of overmolded material. 16. The insert according to claim 1, further comprising a plate configured to extend perpendicularly to a plane of the rabbet and on one face of which said second indexing means are located. 17. The insert according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plate configured to extend perpendicularly to a plane of the rabbet, the plate including outer face on which said second indexing means and a test pattern are located and an inner face on which positioning and/or anchoring studs are located. | An insert for a run slide for a vehicle window, the insert being intended to be overmoulded to form a connecting wedge between two strands of the run slide, the insert being formed in one piece and comprising first indexing means configured to cooperate with a portion of a vehicle door frame and second indexing means configured to cooperate with a portion of a hubcap to be attached to one of the strands, wherein the first means comprise at least one protruding pin configured to be engaged in a recess of a rabbet of the vehicle door frame to index the insert along an axis X substantially parallel to an axis of elongation of the rabbet, and wherein the second means are configured to cooperate by complementarity of shapes with the portion of the hubcap to ensure indexing the hubcap along the axis X and along an axis Z perpendicular to X and substantially parallel to an axis of elongation of the hubcap.1. An insert for a run slide for a vehicle window, the insert being adapted to be overmoulded to form a connecting wedge between two strands of the run slide, the insert being formed in one piece and comprising first indexing means configured to cooperate with a portion of a door frame of the vehicle and second indexing means configured to cooperate with a portion of a cover adapted to be attached to one of the said strands, wherein said first indexing means comprise at least one protruding pin configured to be engaged in a notch of a rabbet of the door frame of the vehicle in order to ensure indexing of said insert along an axis X substantially parallel to an axis of elongation of the rabbet, and wherein said second indexing means are configured to cooperate by complementary shapes with said portion of the cover in order to ensure indexing of said cover along said axis X and along an axis Z perpendicular to X and substantially parallel to an axis of elongation of said cover. 2. The insert according to claim 1, further comprising a shelf configured to extend parallel to the rabbet and on which said protruding pin is located. 3. The insert according to claim 2, further comprising a plate configured to extend perpendicularly to a plane of the rabbet and on one face of which said second indexing means are located. 4. The insert according to claim 3, wherein the plate comprises an outer face on which said second indexing means are located, and an inner face on which positioning and/or anchoring studs are located. 5. The insert according to claim 3, wherein the shelf and the plate are connected by a thinned connection. 6. The insert according to claim 5, further comprising a first test pattern. 7. The insert according to claim 6, wherein said first test pattern is located on an inner face of said thinned part. 8. The insert according to claim 6, wherein the plate comprises an outer face on which said second indexing means are located, and an inner face on which positioning and/or anchoring studs are located, and wherein the insert further comprises a second test pattern which is located on said outer face of said plate. 9. The insert according to claim 1, wherein said second indexing means comprises a recess configured to receive said portion of the cover. 10. The insert according to claim 9, wherein said recess has a generally trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, a large base of which is located at an opening of said recess and a small base of which is located at a bottom of said recess. 11. The insert according to claim 9, further comprising a plate including an outer face on which said second indexing means are located, and an inner face on which positioning and/or anchoring studs are located, and wherein said second indexing means comprises a peripheral O-shaped edge formed as a protrusion on said outer face and internally defining said recess. 12. A run slide for a vehicle window comprising at least two strands, such as a horizontal strand and a vertical strand, connected together by an overmoulded wedge in which an insert according to claim 1 is integrated. 13. The run slide according to claim 12, wherein said first and second indexing means are free of overmolded material. 14. The run slide according to claim 13, wherein the insert comprises a shelf configured to extend parallel to the rabbet and on which said protruding pin is located, wherein said pin and said shelf are free of overmolded material. 15. The run slide according to claim 12, wherein the insert further comprises a first test pattern, wherein the first test pattern is free of overmolded material. 16. The insert according to claim 1, further comprising a plate configured to extend perpendicularly to a plane of the rabbet and on one face of which said second indexing means are located. 17. The insert according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plate configured to extend perpendicularly to a plane of the rabbet, the plate including outer face on which said second indexing means and a test pattern are located and an inner face on which positioning and/or anchoring studs are located. | 1,600 |
345,373 | 16,643,289 | 1,644 | The present disclosure provides a robotic printing system for printing images on the surface of an object. One exemplary system includes a printing module carried by a motion platform to directly eject printing materials on a surface. One aspect of this disclosure provides methods for accurately controlling the motion of the motion platform, generating accurate triggering signals for printing heads, and properly aligning adjacent swaths of an image. | 1. A method for printing a livery image on a surface of an object and for use in association with a motion platform, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring data from a local sensing suite; acquiring data from one or more global motion tracking devices; creating a first measurement product by fusing said acquired data from said local sensing suite and said one or more global motion tracking devices to control the motion platform to move a printing module across said surface; and creating a second measurement product by fusing said acquired data from said local sensing suite and said one or more global motion tracking devices to control the timing of ejection of the print material from said printing module. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the local sensing suite comprises any one or combination of:
one or more range sensors for acquiring range data of the surface; and one or more relative motion sensors for measuring relative motion of the printing module with respect to the surface. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the local sensing comprises:
one or more optical sensors for acquiring one of more images of the surface. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the one or more relative motion sensors for measuring relative motion of the printing module with respect to the surface comprise any of one or more wheel encoders travelling on the surface, one or more non-contact optical sensors estimating relative position or velocity, one or more non-contact capacitive sensors estimating relative motion, or a combination of thereof. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein creating a first measurement product by fusing said acquired data from said local sensing suite and said one or more global motion tracking devices comprises the steps of:
acquiring range data from one or more range sensors in the local sensing suite for measuring the distance of the printing module relative to a surface; acquiring position and orientation measurements of the printing module and the surface from the one or more global motion tracking devices; constructing a 3D representation of the surface by said data from the range sensors; computing a position and orientation of the printing module in the 3D representation of the surface; deriving a probabilistic quantification of said computed position and orientation of the printing module from one or more measuring characteristics of the one or more range sensors; deriving a probabilistic quantification of said measured position and orientation measurements of the printing module and the surface from one or more measuring characteristics of the global motion tracking devices, and calculating the position and orientation of the printing module relative to the surface from the position and orientation measurements of the printing module and the surface from the global motion tracking devices; and merging the probabilistic quantification of the position and orientation of the printing module relative to the surface from the one or more range sensors and the probabilistic quantification of the position of the printing module relative to the surface from the global motion tracking devices. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein creating a second measurement product by fusing data from said local sensing suite and said one or more global motion tracking devices to control the timing of applying printing material from said printing module comprises the steps of:
receiving one or more travel distance measurements from the one or more relative motion sensors in the local sensing suite; fusing said travel distance measurements with the pose measurements of the printing module from the one or more of global motion tracking devices; generating a triggering pulse when said fused travel distance measurement is equal to or greater than a predetermined travel distance; and sending the triggering pulse to the printing module wherein the triggering signal controls the printing heads to apply the printing material. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein controlling a motion platform to move a printing module across a surface comprises the steps of:
commanding the motion platform to move the printing module along a pre-planned path relative to the surface; computing an error between said first measurement product and a desired position, orientation, and velocity of said printing module relative to said surface; and applying a plurality of motion correcting commands to the motion platform to correct said errors in the position, orientation, and velocity of the printing module relative to said surface. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said pre-planned path relative to the surface is determined by the steps of:
dividing said livery image into a plurality of swaths; and generating a plurality of paths corresponding to the plurality of swaths for the printing module to follow. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein dividing a livery image into a plurality of swaths comprises:
loading a 3D representation of the surface from a computer file containing computer readable information of the surface; overlaying a representation of the livery image to be printed onto the 3D representation of the surface; and dividing the 3D representation of the livery image into a plurality of swaths. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein dividing a livery image into a plurality of swaths further comprises
acquiring data from a local sensing suite and one or more global motion tracking devices; generating a 3D representation of the surface from said acquired data; overlaying a representation of the livery image to be printed onto the 3D representation of the surface; and dividing the 3D representation of the livery image into a plurality of swaths. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein printing a livery image further comprises:
i) controlling the mobile platform to move the printing module to follow a first path corresponding to a first swath of the plurality of swaths wherein a print material from the printing module is applied to form a first printed swath corresponding to the plurality of swaths; ii) determining a location for a next swath to be printed and aligning the next swath to be printed with the first printed swath; iii) controlling the printing module to follow a path corresponding to the next swath to be printed wherein the print material from the printing module is applied to form a next printed swath; and ix) repeating steps ii) to iii) until the plurality of swaths have been printed to form a plurality of printed swaths. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein applying the printing material from the printing module to form the next printed swath comprises applying the printing material to a plurality of regions in close proximity to the one or more boundaries of the first swath at a reduced intensity whereby the path of the next swath to be printed is shifted to allow for overlap between the first printed swath and the next printed swath. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein determining the location for the next swath to be printed and aligning the next swath to be printed to a first printed swath comprises the steps of:
determining a plurality of boundaries of said first printed swath; computing a path shift for printing the next swath to be printed from said boundaries of said first swath; and determining a new path to be followed by the printing module corresponding to the next swath to be printed by adding the path shift to the path corresponding to the first printed swath. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein determining a plurality of boundaries of a first printed swath comprises:
acquiring one or more images of said first swath from the one or more optical sensors in the local sensing suite; detecting a plurality of boundary measurements of the first printed swath from the one or more images of said first swath; deriving a probabilistic quantification of the boundary measurements from a plurality of measurement characteristics of the one or more optical sensors; and computing the boundary of said first swaths by fusing the probabilistic quantification of the boundary measurements with the one or more global measurements from the one or more global motion tracking devices. 15. A system for applying a livery image to the surface of an object, comprising:
a printing module mounted on a motion platform and configured to apply a plurality of adjacent swaths of a print material to form an image on a surface comprising:
one or more tanks for storing the print material,
a plurality of printing heads for applying the print material,
a local sensing suite configured to acquire one or more images of the surface and to measure the motion of the printing module relative to the surface; one or more global motion tracking devices configured for measuring the pose of the printing module, the motion platform, and the surface of the object; a real-time processor being connected to the printing module, the motion platform, the local sensing suite, and the global motion tracking devices; and an executive computer interfaced with the real-time processor. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the local sensing suite comprises any one or combination of:
one or more range sensors for measuring a distance to the surface; and one or more relative motion sensors for measuring a relative motion of the printing module with respect to the surface. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein the local sensing suite comprises:
one or more optical sensors for acquiring one of more images of the surface. 18. The system according to claim 15, wherein the printing module further comprises one or more material curing devices including UV lamps for curing the plurality of adjacent swaths of the print material. 19. The system according to claim 15, wherein the motion platform comprises any one of a guiding frame, a multi-axis translation stage, a mobile vehicle, a multi-axis robotic manipulator, an actuating device, or a combination thereof. 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the motion platform comprises the translation stage, the multi-axis robotic manipulator carried by said translation stage, and the actuating device mounted on an end effector of said multi-axis robotic manipulator. 21. The system according to claim 20, wherein said actuating device is decoupled from said translation stage and said multi-axis robotic manipulator carried by said translation stage, and said actuating device is controlled by a separate motion controller. 22. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is a computer programmed with instructions to fuse a plurality of measurements from the local sensing suite and the global motion tracking devices to estimate the motion of the printing module relative to the surface. 23. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is programmed with instructions to control the motion of the motion platform by receiving a pre-defined path and commanding the motion platform to follow the pre-defined path. 24. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is programmed with instructions for computing a plurality of motion correcting commands for the motion platform to maintain a desired position, orientation, and velocity of the printing module relative to the surface. 25. The system according to claim 24, wherein computing a plurality of motion correcting commands for the motion platform to maintain a desired position, orientation, and velocity of the printing module relative to the surface comprises the steps of:
acquiring data from one or more range sensors which measure a distance to said surface; generating a 3D representation of said surface from the acquired data; computing a position, orientation, and velocity of said printing module relative to said 3D representation of the surface; fusing the pose measurements of the printing module from one or more global motion tracking devices and said position, orientation, and velocity estimation from said range data and computing a filtered position, orientation, and velocity of said printing module relative to said surface; computing an error between the filtered values and the desired values of the position, orientation, and velocity of said printing module relative to said surface; and applying a plurality of motion correcting commands to the motion platform to correct said error in the position, orientation, and velocity of the printing module relative to said surface. 26. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is programmed with instructions for controlling the motion of the motion platform to align a plurality of adjacent swaths of a livery image. 27. The system according to claim 26, wherein controlling the motion of the motion platform to align a plurality of adjacent swaths of a livery image comprises the steps of:
commanding the motion platform to move the printing module to a region near a first printed swath; acquiring one or more images of the first printed swath from one or more optical sensors in the local sensing suite; detecting a plurality of boundaries of the first printed swath from the one or more images of said first printed swath; computing a shifted path corresponding to a next swath be printed from said detected boundaries; and controlling the motion platform to move the printing module to follow the shifted path to print the next swath. 28. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is programmed with instructions for generating a plurality of triggering signals for controlling the timing of applying printing material from the printing module to form a plurality of swaths of a livery image. 29. The system according to claim 28, wherein generating the triggering signals for controlling the timing of applying printing material from the printing module to print a plurality of swaths of a livery image comprises the steps of:
receiving one or more travel distance measurements from the one or more relative motion sensors in the local sensing suite; fusing said travel distance measurements from the one or more relative motion sensors into a fused travel distance and optionally fusing said fused travel distance with pose measurements of the printing module from one or more global motion tracking devices; generating a triggering pulse when said fused travel distance is equal to or greater than a predetermined travel distance; and sending the triggering pulse to the printing module wherein the triggering signals prompts the printing heads to apply a printing material. 30. The system according to claim 15, wherein the executive computer is programmed with instructions to provide system management capabilities and a plurality of user interfaces. 31. The system according to claim 15, wherein the executive computer further comprises:
a data logger configured to log acquired data; a safety monitor configured to generate an emergency stop alarm; a human machine interface; and a print controller programmed to execute one or more printing programs. | The present disclosure provides a robotic printing system for printing images on the surface of an object. One exemplary system includes a printing module carried by a motion platform to directly eject printing materials on a surface. One aspect of this disclosure provides methods for accurately controlling the motion of the motion platform, generating accurate triggering signals for printing heads, and properly aligning adjacent swaths of an image.1. A method for printing a livery image on a surface of an object and for use in association with a motion platform, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring data from a local sensing suite; acquiring data from one or more global motion tracking devices; creating a first measurement product by fusing said acquired data from said local sensing suite and said one or more global motion tracking devices to control the motion platform to move a printing module across said surface; and creating a second measurement product by fusing said acquired data from said local sensing suite and said one or more global motion tracking devices to control the timing of ejection of the print material from said printing module. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the local sensing suite comprises any one or combination of:
one or more range sensors for acquiring range data of the surface; and one or more relative motion sensors for measuring relative motion of the printing module with respect to the surface. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the local sensing comprises:
one or more optical sensors for acquiring one of more images of the surface. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the one or more relative motion sensors for measuring relative motion of the printing module with respect to the surface comprise any of one or more wheel encoders travelling on the surface, one or more non-contact optical sensors estimating relative position or velocity, one or more non-contact capacitive sensors estimating relative motion, or a combination of thereof. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein creating a first measurement product by fusing said acquired data from said local sensing suite and said one or more global motion tracking devices comprises the steps of:
acquiring range data from one or more range sensors in the local sensing suite for measuring the distance of the printing module relative to a surface; acquiring position and orientation measurements of the printing module and the surface from the one or more global motion tracking devices; constructing a 3D representation of the surface by said data from the range sensors; computing a position and orientation of the printing module in the 3D representation of the surface; deriving a probabilistic quantification of said computed position and orientation of the printing module from one or more measuring characteristics of the one or more range sensors; deriving a probabilistic quantification of said measured position and orientation measurements of the printing module and the surface from one or more measuring characteristics of the global motion tracking devices, and calculating the position and orientation of the printing module relative to the surface from the position and orientation measurements of the printing module and the surface from the global motion tracking devices; and merging the probabilistic quantification of the position and orientation of the printing module relative to the surface from the one or more range sensors and the probabilistic quantification of the position of the printing module relative to the surface from the global motion tracking devices. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein creating a second measurement product by fusing data from said local sensing suite and said one or more global motion tracking devices to control the timing of applying printing material from said printing module comprises the steps of:
receiving one or more travel distance measurements from the one or more relative motion sensors in the local sensing suite; fusing said travel distance measurements with the pose measurements of the printing module from the one or more of global motion tracking devices; generating a triggering pulse when said fused travel distance measurement is equal to or greater than a predetermined travel distance; and sending the triggering pulse to the printing module wherein the triggering signal controls the printing heads to apply the printing material. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein controlling a motion platform to move a printing module across a surface comprises the steps of:
commanding the motion platform to move the printing module along a pre-planned path relative to the surface; computing an error between said first measurement product and a desired position, orientation, and velocity of said printing module relative to said surface; and applying a plurality of motion correcting commands to the motion platform to correct said errors in the position, orientation, and velocity of the printing module relative to said surface. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said pre-planned path relative to the surface is determined by the steps of:
dividing said livery image into a plurality of swaths; and generating a plurality of paths corresponding to the plurality of swaths for the printing module to follow. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein dividing a livery image into a plurality of swaths comprises:
loading a 3D representation of the surface from a computer file containing computer readable information of the surface; overlaying a representation of the livery image to be printed onto the 3D representation of the surface; and dividing the 3D representation of the livery image into a plurality of swaths. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein dividing a livery image into a plurality of swaths further comprises
acquiring data from a local sensing suite and one or more global motion tracking devices; generating a 3D representation of the surface from said acquired data; overlaying a representation of the livery image to be printed onto the 3D representation of the surface; and dividing the 3D representation of the livery image into a plurality of swaths. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein printing a livery image further comprises:
i) controlling the mobile platform to move the printing module to follow a first path corresponding to a first swath of the plurality of swaths wherein a print material from the printing module is applied to form a first printed swath corresponding to the plurality of swaths; ii) determining a location for a next swath to be printed and aligning the next swath to be printed with the first printed swath; iii) controlling the printing module to follow a path corresponding to the next swath to be printed wherein the print material from the printing module is applied to form a next printed swath; and ix) repeating steps ii) to iii) until the plurality of swaths have been printed to form a plurality of printed swaths. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein applying the printing material from the printing module to form the next printed swath comprises applying the printing material to a plurality of regions in close proximity to the one or more boundaries of the first swath at a reduced intensity whereby the path of the next swath to be printed is shifted to allow for overlap between the first printed swath and the next printed swath. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein determining the location for the next swath to be printed and aligning the next swath to be printed to a first printed swath comprises the steps of:
determining a plurality of boundaries of said first printed swath; computing a path shift for printing the next swath to be printed from said boundaries of said first swath; and determining a new path to be followed by the printing module corresponding to the next swath to be printed by adding the path shift to the path corresponding to the first printed swath. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein determining a plurality of boundaries of a first printed swath comprises:
acquiring one or more images of said first swath from the one or more optical sensors in the local sensing suite; detecting a plurality of boundary measurements of the first printed swath from the one or more images of said first swath; deriving a probabilistic quantification of the boundary measurements from a plurality of measurement characteristics of the one or more optical sensors; and computing the boundary of said first swaths by fusing the probabilistic quantification of the boundary measurements with the one or more global measurements from the one or more global motion tracking devices. 15. A system for applying a livery image to the surface of an object, comprising:
a printing module mounted on a motion platform and configured to apply a plurality of adjacent swaths of a print material to form an image on a surface comprising:
one or more tanks for storing the print material,
a plurality of printing heads for applying the print material,
a local sensing suite configured to acquire one or more images of the surface and to measure the motion of the printing module relative to the surface; one or more global motion tracking devices configured for measuring the pose of the printing module, the motion platform, and the surface of the object; a real-time processor being connected to the printing module, the motion platform, the local sensing suite, and the global motion tracking devices; and an executive computer interfaced with the real-time processor. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the local sensing suite comprises any one or combination of:
one or more range sensors for measuring a distance to the surface; and one or more relative motion sensors for measuring a relative motion of the printing module with respect to the surface. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein the local sensing suite comprises:
one or more optical sensors for acquiring one of more images of the surface. 18. The system according to claim 15, wherein the printing module further comprises one or more material curing devices including UV lamps for curing the plurality of adjacent swaths of the print material. 19. The system according to claim 15, wherein the motion platform comprises any one of a guiding frame, a multi-axis translation stage, a mobile vehicle, a multi-axis robotic manipulator, an actuating device, or a combination thereof. 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the motion platform comprises the translation stage, the multi-axis robotic manipulator carried by said translation stage, and the actuating device mounted on an end effector of said multi-axis robotic manipulator. 21. The system according to claim 20, wherein said actuating device is decoupled from said translation stage and said multi-axis robotic manipulator carried by said translation stage, and said actuating device is controlled by a separate motion controller. 22. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is a computer programmed with instructions to fuse a plurality of measurements from the local sensing suite and the global motion tracking devices to estimate the motion of the printing module relative to the surface. 23. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is programmed with instructions to control the motion of the motion platform by receiving a pre-defined path and commanding the motion platform to follow the pre-defined path. 24. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is programmed with instructions for computing a plurality of motion correcting commands for the motion platform to maintain a desired position, orientation, and velocity of the printing module relative to the surface. 25. The system according to claim 24, wherein computing a plurality of motion correcting commands for the motion platform to maintain a desired position, orientation, and velocity of the printing module relative to the surface comprises the steps of:
acquiring data from one or more range sensors which measure a distance to said surface; generating a 3D representation of said surface from the acquired data; computing a position, orientation, and velocity of said printing module relative to said 3D representation of the surface; fusing the pose measurements of the printing module from one or more global motion tracking devices and said position, orientation, and velocity estimation from said range data and computing a filtered position, orientation, and velocity of said printing module relative to said surface; computing an error between the filtered values and the desired values of the position, orientation, and velocity of said printing module relative to said surface; and applying a plurality of motion correcting commands to the motion platform to correct said error in the position, orientation, and velocity of the printing module relative to said surface. 26. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is programmed with instructions for controlling the motion of the motion platform to align a plurality of adjacent swaths of a livery image. 27. The system according to claim 26, wherein controlling the motion of the motion platform to align a plurality of adjacent swaths of a livery image comprises the steps of:
commanding the motion platform to move the printing module to a region near a first printed swath; acquiring one or more images of the first printed swath from one or more optical sensors in the local sensing suite; detecting a plurality of boundaries of the first printed swath from the one or more images of said first printed swath; computing a shifted path corresponding to a next swath be printed from said detected boundaries; and controlling the motion platform to move the printing module to follow the shifted path to print the next swath. 28. The system according to claim 15, wherein the real-time processor is programmed with instructions for generating a plurality of triggering signals for controlling the timing of applying printing material from the printing module to form a plurality of swaths of a livery image. 29. The system according to claim 28, wherein generating the triggering signals for controlling the timing of applying printing material from the printing module to print a plurality of swaths of a livery image comprises the steps of:
receiving one or more travel distance measurements from the one or more relative motion sensors in the local sensing suite; fusing said travel distance measurements from the one or more relative motion sensors into a fused travel distance and optionally fusing said fused travel distance with pose measurements of the printing module from one or more global motion tracking devices; generating a triggering pulse when said fused travel distance is equal to or greater than a predetermined travel distance; and sending the triggering pulse to the printing module wherein the triggering signals prompts the printing heads to apply a printing material. 30. The system according to claim 15, wherein the executive computer is programmed with instructions to provide system management capabilities and a plurality of user interfaces. 31. The system according to claim 15, wherein the executive computer further comprises:
a data logger configured to log acquired data; a safety monitor configured to generate an emergency stop alarm; a human machine interface; and a print controller programmed to execute one or more printing programs. | 1,600 |
345,374 | 16,643,195 | 1,644 | A semiconductor device which has favorable electrical characteristics and can be highly integrated is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first insulator; an oxide over the first insulator; a second insulator over the oxide; a first conductor over the second insulator; a third insulator in contact with a top surface of the first insulator, a side surface of the oxide, a top surface of the oxide, a side surface of the second insulator, and a side surface of the first conductor; and a fourth insulator over the third insulator. The third insulator includes an opening exposing the first insulator, and the fourth insulator is in contact with the first insulator through the opening. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first insulator; an oxide over the first insulator; a second insulator over the oxide; a first conductor over the second insulator; a third insulator in contact with a top surface of the first insulator, a side surface of the oxide, a top surface of the oxide, a side surface of the second insulator, and a side surface of the first conductor; and a fourth insulator over the third insulator, wherein the third insulator comprises an opening exposing the first insulator, and wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with the first insulator through the opening. 2. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first insulator; a first oxide comprising an opening over the first insulator; a second oxide over the first oxide; a second insulator over the second oxide; a first conductor over the second insulator; a third insulator in contact with a top surface of the first insulator, a side surface of the first oxide, a side surface of the second oxide, a top surface of the second oxide, a side surface of the second insulator, and a side surface of the first conductor; and a fourth insulator over the third insulator, wherein the third insulator comprises an opening exposing the first insulator, and wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with the first insulator through the opening in the third insulator. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first insulator and the fourth insulator are more likely to transmit oxygen than the third insulator. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the oxide comprises In, an element M, and Zn, and wherein Mis Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the first oxide comprises In, an element M, and Zn, wherein the second oxide comprises In, an element M, and Zn, and wherein Mis Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the second oxide is more likely to transmit oxygen than the first oxide. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the third insulator is an oxide comprising one or both of aluminum and hafnium. 8. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device,
wherein a first insulator is formed over a substrate, wherein an oxide layer is formed over the first insulator, wherein a first insulating film and a dummy gate film are deposited in this order over the oxide layer, wherein the first insulating film and the dummy gate film are processed to form a second insulator and a dummy gate layer, wherein a first film comprising metal is formed in contact with the first insulator, the oxide layer, and the dummy gate layer, wherein first heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere comprising nitrogen; wherein the first film is removed, wherein a second insulating film is deposited to cover the first insulator, the oxide layer, and the dummy gate layer, wherein the second insulating film is processed to form a third insulator comprising an opening, wherein a third insulating film is deposited over the third insulator, wherein first CMP treatment is performed to remove parts of the dummy gate layer, the third insulator, and the third insulating film until part of the dummy gate layer is exposed, wherein the dummy gate layer is etched to expose the second insulator, wherein a conductive film is deposited, wherein second CMP treatment is performed to remove parts of the conductive film until the third insulator is exposed and to form a first conductive layer and a fourth insulator, wherein oxygen is injected into the fourth insulator, wherein a fifth insulator is formed over the first conductive layer and over the fourth insulator, and wherein second heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere comprising oxygen. 9. The method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein the first film is formed by a sputtering method using one or a plurality of gases selected from argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. 10. The method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein the oxygen is injected into the oxide layer through the opening and the first insulator by performing the second heat treatment. 11. The method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein the injection of oxygen is performed using a method selected from an ion implantation method, an ion doping method, a plasma treatment method, and a plasma immersion ion implantation method. 12. The method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein the injection of oxygen is performed using an ion implantation method. | A semiconductor device which has favorable electrical characteristics and can be highly integrated is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first insulator; an oxide over the first insulator; a second insulator over the oxide; a first conductor over the second insulator; a third insulator in contact with a top surface of the first insulator, a side surface of the oxide, a top surface of the oxide, a side surface of the second insulator, and a side surface of the first conductor; and a fourth insulator over the third insulator. The third insulator includes an opening exposing the first insulator, and the fourth insulator is in contact with the first insulator through the opening.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first insulator; an oxide over the first insulator; a second insulator over the oxide; a first conductor over the second insulator; a third insulator in contact with a top surface of the first insulator, a side surface of the oxide, a top surface of the oxide, a side surface of the second insulator, and a side surface of the first conductor; and a fourth insulator over the third insulator, wherein the third insulator comprises an opening exposing the first insulator, and wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with the first insulator through the opening. 2. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first insulator; a first oxide comprising an opening over the first insulator; a second oxide over the first oxide; a second insulator over the second oxide; a first conductor over the second insulator; a third insulator in contact with a top surface of the first insulator, a side surface of the first oxide, a side surface of the second oxide, a top surface of the second oxide, a side surface of the second insulator, and a side surface of the first conductor; and a fourth insulator over the third insulator, wherein the third insulator comprises an opening exposing the first insulator, and wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with the first insulator through the opening in the third insulator. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the first insulator and the fourth insulator are more likely to transmit oxygen than the third insulator. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the oxide comprises In, an element M, and Zn, and wherein Mis Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the first oxide comprises In, an element M, and Zn, wherein the second oxide comprises In, an element M, and Zn, and wherein Mis Al, Ga, Y, or Sn. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the second oxide is more likely to transmit oxygen than the first oxide. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the third insulator is an oxide comprising one or both of aluminum and hafnium. 8. A method for fabricating a semiconductor device,
wherein a first insulator is formed over a substrate, wherein an oxide layer is formed over the first insulator, wherein a first insulating film and a dummy gate film are deposited in this order over the oxide layer, wherein the first insulating film and the dummy gate film are processed to form a second insulator and a dummy gate layer, wherein a first film comprising metal is formed in contact with the first insulator, the oxide layer, and the dummy gate layer, wherein first heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere comprising nitrogen; wherein the first film is removed, wherein a second insulating film is deposited to cover the first insulator, the oxide layer, and the dummy gate layer, wherein the second insulating film is processed to form a third insulator comprising an opening, wherein a third insulating film is deposited over the third insulator, wherein first CMP treatment is performed to remove parts of the dummy gate layer, the third insulator, and the third insulating film until part of the dummy gate layer is exposed, wherein the dummy gate layer is etched to expose the second insulator, wherein a conductive film is deposited, wherein second CMP treatment is performed to remove parts of the conductive film until the third insulator is exposed and to form a first conductive layer and a fourth insulator, wherein oxygen is injected into the fourth insulator, wherein a fifth insulator is formed over the first conductive layer and over the fourth insulator, and wherein second heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere comprising oxygen. 9. The method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein the first film is formed by a sputtering method using one or a plurality of gases selected from argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. 10. The method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein the oxygen is injected into the oxide layer through the opening and the first insulator by performing the second heat treatment. 11. The method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein the injection of oxygen is performed using a method selected from an ion implantation method, an ion doping method, a plasma treatment method, and a plasma immersion ion implantation method. 12. The method for fabricating the semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein the injection of oxygen is performed using an ion implantation method. | 1,600 |
345,375 | 16,643,273 | 1,644 | A communications network and method for operating the communications network that includes ring devices that are networked to one another in a ring topology, where the ring devices participate in a ring redundancy process in which an administrating ring device regularly sends test packets over the communications network, which received in sequence by other ring devices and successively forwarded by these devices back to the administrating ring device so as to detect faults in the communications network, where a transmission delay of a test packet along the ring topology because of interfering packets within the ring topology is prevented by synchronizing the ring devices and processing at least parts of a data traffic schedule in accordance with the 802.1Qbv standard in the ring redundancy process applied, and where transmission of the test packets is scheduled and controlled such that the packets are forwarded to the ring devices substantially without delay. | 1.-11. (canceled) 12. A method for operating a communication network having ring devices which are networked to one another via ring lines in a ring topology, the ring devices utilizing a ring redundancy method for transmitting data utilizing a ring redundancy protocol, in which a managing ring device regularly sends test packets via the communication network in both ring directions, said test packets each being received in order by other ring devices and progressively forwarded from said other ring devices back to the managing ring device so as to detect faults on the communication network, in order to prevent a delay in transmission of a test packet along the ring topology on account of at least one fault packet within the ring topology, the method comprising:
a) synchronizing a time of all ring devices; b) implementing at least portions of a data traffic scheduling and handling comprising complete data traffic scheduling and handling, in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1Qbv standard in an applied ring redundancy method by applying at least portions of a time aware shaper method comprising a complete time aware shaper method, comprising:
b1) sorting all test packets in individual ring devices into a separate data traffic priority class;
b2) allocating an exclusive send queue for the data traffic priority class of the test packets for each ring device;
b3) defining a protected send time window for an allocated send queue for each ring device; and
b4) setting up a guard time band at a time immediately before each protected send time window, no data transmission being started within the guard time band, but a data transmission started shortly before the beginning of the guard time band being completeable;
wherein the transmission of the test packets is scheduled and controlled such that the test packets are each forwarded to the ring devices within the send time window of a ring device at least substantially without a waiting period. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein during step a), the time synchronization of all ring devices (2 a-f) is effected using the precision time protocol (PTP) in accordance with at least one of (i) IEEE 1588 standard, (ii) IEEE 802.1AS standard and (iii) IEEE 802.1AS-Rev standard. 14. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the managing ring device takes on a role of a reference clock comprising a grandmaster clock in a precision time protocol (PTP) for the time synchronization in step a), and a time of the managing ring device is utilized as a reference time. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the managing ring device takes on a role of a reference clock comprising a grandmaster clock in the PTP for the time synchronization in step a), and a time of the managing ring device is utilized as a reference time. 16. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the protected send time window of a ring device is arranged in a manner offset from the protected send time window of an immediately preceding ring device by a respective line delay of the ring line between the ring device and the immediately preceding ring device, said arrangement of the send time windows being performed for both transmission directions for test packets within the ring topology. 17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the line delay on a ring line is determined by applying a peer-to-peer method in accordance with at least one of (i) IEEE 1588 standard and (ii) IEEE 802.1AS standard. 18. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein during step b4), the guard time band is chosen to be the same magnitude as a transmission time for a largest possible data packet. 19. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the ring redundancy method comprises a media redundancy protocol method and the managing ring device assumes a role of the media redundancy manager. 20. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the ring redundancy method comprises one of (i) a high-speed redundancy protocol method, (ii) a device-level ring method, (iii) a resilient packet ring method, (iv) a Moxa Turbo Ring method and (v) a Hiper Ring protocol method. 21. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein cut-through switching is activated for the protected send time window of each ring device. 22. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the communication network comprises an Ethernet network. 23. A communication network comprising:
ring devices including a managing ring device, said ring devices being networked to one another via ring lines in a ring topology; wherein the communication network is configured to be operated in order to prevent a delay in transmission of a test packet along the ring topology on account of at least one fault packet within the ring topology by:
a) synchronizing a time of all ring devices;
b) implementing at least portions of a data traffic scheduling and handling comprising complete data traffic scheduling and handling, in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1Qbv standard in an applied ring redundancy method by applying at least portions of a time aware shaper method comprising a complete time aware shaper method, comprising:
b1) sorting all test packets in individual ring devices into a separate data traffic priority class;
b2) allocating an exclusive send queue for the data traffic priority class of the test packets for each ring device;
b3) defining a protected send time window for an allocated send queue for each ring device; and
b4) setting up a guard time band at a time immediately before each protected send time window, no data transmission being started within the guard time band, but a data transmission started shortly before the beginning of the guard time band being completeable;
wherein the transmission of the test packets is scheduled and controlled such that the test packets are each forwarded to the ring devices within the send time window of a ring device at least substantially without a waiting period. 24. The communication network as claimed in claim 23, wherein the ring devices each comprise at least one of (i) a switch, (ii) a bridge, (iii) a router and (iv) a hub. 25. The communication network as claimed in claim 23, wherein the communication network comprises an Ethernet network. | A communications network and method for operating the communications network that includes ring devices that are networked to one another in a ring topology, where the ring devices participate in a ring redundancy process in which an administrating ring device regularly sends test packets over the communications network, which received in sequence by other ring devices and successively forwarded by these devices back to the administrating ring device so as to detect faults in the communications network, where a transmission delay of a test packet along the ring topology because of interfering packets within the ring topology is prevented by synchronizing the ring devices and processing at least parts of a data traffic schedule in accordance with the 802.1Qbv standard in the ring redundancy process applied, and where transmission of the test packets is scheduled and controlled such that the packets are forwarded to the ring devices substantially without delay.1.-11. (canceled) 12. A method for operating a communication network having ring devices which are networked to one another via ring lines in a ring topology, the ring devices utilizing a ring redundancy method for transmitting data utilizing a ring redundancy protocol, in which a managing ring device regularly sends test packets via the communication network in both ring directions, said test packets each being received in order by other ring devices and progressively forwarded from said other ring devices back to the managing ring device so as to detect faults on the communication network, in order to prevent a delay in transmission of a test packet along the ring topology on account of at least one fault packet within the ring topology, the method comprising:
a) synchronizing a time of all ring devices; b) implementing at least portions of a data traffic scheduling and handling comprising complete data traffic scheduling and handling, in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1Qbv standard in an applied ring redundancy method by applying at least portions of a time aware shaper method comprising a complete time aware shaper method, comprising:
b1) sorting all test packets in individual ring devices into a separate data traffic priority class;
b2) allocating an exclusive send queue for the data traffic priority class of the test packets for each ring device;
b3) defining a protected send time window for an allocated send queue for each ring device; and
b4) setting up a guard time band at a time immediately before each protected send time window, no data transmission being started within the guard time band, but a data transmission started shortly before the beginning of the guard time band being completeable;
wherein the transmission of the test packets is scheduled and controlled such that the test packets are each forwarded to the ring devices within the send time window of a ring device at least substantially without a waiting period. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein during step a), the time synchronization of all ring devices (2 a-f) is effected using the precision time protocol (PTP) in accordance with at least one of (i) IEEE 1588 standard, (ii) IEEE 802.1AS standard and (iii) IEEE 802.1AS-Rev standard. 14. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the managing ring device takes on a role of a reference clock comprising a grandmaster clock in a precision time protocol (PTP) for the time synchronization in step a), and a time of the managing ring device is utilized as a reference time. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the managing ring device takes on a role of a reference clock comprising a grandmaster clock in the PTP for the time synchronization in step a), and a time of the managing ring device is utilized as a reference time. 16. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the protected send time window of a ring device is arranged in a manner offset from the protected send time window of an immediately preceding ring device by a respective line delay of the ring line between the ring device and the immediately preceding ring device, said arrangement of the send time windows being performed for both transmission directions for test packets within the ring topology. 17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the line delay on a ring line is determined by applying a peer-to-peer method in accordance with at least one of (i) IEEE 1588 standard and (ii) IEEE 802.1AS standard. 18. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein during step b4), the guard time band is chosen to be the same magnitude as a transmission time for a largest possible data packet. 19. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the ring redundancy method comprises a media redundancy protocol method and the managing ring device assumes a role of the media redundancy manager. 20. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the ring redundancy method comprises one of (i) a high-speed redundancy protocol method, (ii) a device-level ring method, (iii) a resilient packet ring method, (iv) a Moxa Turbo Ring method and (v) a Hiper Ring protocol method. 21. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein cut-through switching is activated for the protected send time window of each ring device. 22. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the communication network comprises an Ethernet network. 23. A communication network comprising:
ring devices including a managing ring device, said ring devices being networked to one another via ring lines in a ring topology; wherein the communication network is configured to be operated in order to prevent a delay in transmission of a test packet along the ring topology on account of at least one fault packet within the ring topology by:
a) synchronizing a time of all ring devices;
b) implementing at least portions of a data traffic scheduling and handling comprising complete data traffic scheduling and handling, in accordance with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1Qbv standard in an applied ring redundancy method by applying at least portions of a time aware shaper method comprising a complete time aware shaper method, comprising:
b1) sorting all test packets in individual ring devices into a separate data traffic priority class;
b2) allocating an exclusive send queue for the data traffic priority class of the test packets for each ring device;
b3) defining a protected send time window for an allocated send queue for each ring device; and
b4) setting up a guard time band at a time immediately before each protected send time window, no data transmission being started within the guard time band, but a data transmission started shortly before the beginning of the guard time band being completeable;
wherein the transmission of the test packets is scheduled and controlled such that the test packets are each forwarded to the ring devices within the send time window of a ring device at least substantially without a waiting period. 24. The communication network as claimed in claim 23, wherein the ring devices each comprise at least one of (i) a switch, (ii) a bridge, (iii) a router and (iv) a hub. 25. The communication network as claimed in claim 23, wherein the communication network comprises an Ethernet network. | 1,600 |
345,376 | 16,643,274 | 1,644 | Drive belt having a belt rear side which is provided for driving auxiliary units, in particular V-ribbed belt, wherein the belt rear side is profiled and is preferably provided with an embossed profile, wherein the profile of the rear-side surface of the drive belt has a multiplicity of projections in the shape of truncated pyramids, the height h of which is less than 1 mm, and is preferably in macroscopic orders of magnitude where h≤0.2 mm, wherein the base areas AG of the projections in the shape of truncated pyramids have an area of ≤1.0 mm2 and the top surfaces AD have an area of <0.8 mm2. | 1.-7. (canceled) 8. A drive belt comprising a belt rear side which is provided for driving auxiliary units, wherein the belt rear side is profiled, wherein the profile of the rear-side surface of the drive belt has a multiplicity of truncated pyramidal projections, wherein height h of the truncated pyramidal projections is less than 1 mm, and wherein base areas AG of the truncated pyramidal projections have an area of ≤1.0 mm2, and roof areas AD have an area of ≤0.8 mm2. 9. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the drive belt is a V-ribbed belt. 10. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the belt rear side is profiled, preferably is provided with an embossed profile. 11. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections are configured in macroscopic magnitudes with h≤0.2 mm, 12. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections are configured as straight quadrilateral truncated pyramids having base areas AG and roof areas AD which are disposed so as to be substantially parallel. 13. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections on the belt rear side, while taking into account usual production tolerances, have a height h of 0.15 mm. 14. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections, while taking into account usual production tolerances, have a base area AG of 0.8 mm×0.8 mm and a roof area AD of 0.6 mm×0.6 mm. 15. A method for producing a drive belt having a belt rear side which is provided for driving auxiliary units, as claimed in claim 8, by a molding method in which a drive belt blank as a composite of a top ply, a tensile cord, and a substructure, and optionally a woven-fabric ply, is first produced on a belt-construction drum, thereafter is incorporated in a cylindrical vulcanizing mold which in terms of diameter is somewhat larger such that the substructure faces the internal side of the vulcanizing mold that is provided with a negative of the drive-side profile;
wherein a sleeve/heating sleeve which is composed of rubber is introduced into the internal cavity of the vulcanizing mold and of the not yet vulcanized drive belt blank and while supplying compressed air and/or a heating medium is expanded such that said sleeve/heating sleeve bears internally on the drive belt blank and presses the latter into the surrounding negative of the vulcanizing mold, on account of which the external layer of the drive belt blank, specifically the substructure, or the woven-fabric ply, respectively, is pushed into the negative and is thus provided with the profile of said negative; wherein the sleeve prior thereto is produced on a metallic mandrel, the external side of said mandrel having the profile of the rear-side surface of the drive belt in the form of a multiplicity of truncated pyramidal projections; wherein the material for producing the sleeve, in a plurality of tiers of an elastomer, is wound onto the mandrel and subsequently is vulcanized on the mandrel under external pressure, on account of which the sleeve on the internal side thereof is imparted the rear-side profile of the belt backing; and, wherein the sleeve upon completion of vulcanizing finally removed from the mandrel, then turned inside-out and in the above-mentioned manner is inserted into the internal cavity of the vulcanizing mold and of the not yet vulcanized drive belt blank. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the mandrel for producing the profile in the form of a multiplicity of truncated pyramidal projections situated on the external side of the mandrel is first knurled and then ground. 17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections on the mandrel surface have a height h of 0.15 mm, a base area AG of 0.8 mm×0.8 mm, and a roof area AD of 0.6 mm×0.6 mm. | Drive belt having a belt rear side which is provided for driving auxiliary units, in particular V-ribbed belt, wherein the belt rear side is profiled and is preferably provided with an embossed profile, wherein the profile of the rear-side surface of the drive belt has a multiplicity of projections in the shape of truncated pyramids, the height h of which is less than 1 mm, and is preferably in macroscopic orders of magnitude where h≤0.2 mm, wherein the base areas AG of the projections in the shape of truncated pyramids have an area of ≤1.0 mm2 and the top surfaces AD have an area of <0.8 mm2.1.-7. (canceled) 8. A drive belt comprising a belt rear side which is provided for driving auxiliary units, wherein the belt rear side is profiled, wherein the profile of the rear-side surface of the drive belt has a multiplicity of truncated pyramidal projections, wherein height h of the truncated pyramidal projections is less than 1 mm, and wherein base areas AG of the truncated pyramidal projections have an area of ≤1.0 mm2, and roof areas AD have an area of ≤0.8 mm2. 9. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the drive belt is a V-ribbed belt. 10. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the belt rear side is profiled, preferably is provided with an embossed profile. 11. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections are configured in macroscopic magnitudes with h≤0.2 mm, 12. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections are configured as straight quadrilateral truncated pyramids having base areas AG and roof areas AD which are disposed so as to be substantially parallel. 13. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections on the belt rear side, while taking into account usual production tolerances, have a height h of 0.15 mm. 14. The drive belt as claimed in claim 8, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections, while taking into account usual production tolerances, have a base area AG of 0.8 mm×0.8 mm and a roof area AD of 0.6 mm×0.6 mm. 15. A method for producing a drive belt having a belt rear side which is provided for driving auxiliary units, as claimed in claim 8, by a molding method in which a drive belt blank as a composite of a top ply, a tensile cord, and a substructure, and optionally a woven-fabric ply, is first produced on a belt-construction drum, thereafter is incorporated in a cylindrical vulcanizing mold which in terms of diameter is somewhat larger such that the substructure faces the internal side of the vulcanizing mold that is provided with a negative of the drive-side profile;
wherein a sleeve/heating sleeve which is composed of rubber is introduced into the internal cavity of the vulcanizing mold and of the not yet vulcanized drive belt blank and while supplying compressed air and/or a heating medium is expanded such that said sleeve/heating sleeve bears internally on the drive belt blank and presses the latter into the surrounding negative of the vulcanizing mold, on account of which the external layer of the drive belt blank, specifically the substructure, or the woven-fabric ply, respectively, is pushed into the negative and is thus provided with the profile of said negative; wherein the sleeve prior thereto is produced on a metallic mandrel, the external side of said mandrel having the profile of the rear-side surface of the drive belt in the form of a multiplicity of truncated pyramidal projections; wherein the material for producing the sleeve, in a plurality of tiers of an elastomer, is wound onto the mandrel and subsequently is vulcanized on the mandrel under external pressure, on account of which the sleeve on the internal side thereof is imparted the rear-side profile of the belt backing; and, wherein the sleeve upon completion of vulcanizing finally removed from the mandrel, then turned inside-out and in the above-mentioned manner is inserted into the internal cavity of the vulcanizing mold and of the not yet vulcanized drive belt blank. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the mandrel for producing the profile in the form of a multiplicity of truncated pyramidal projections situated on the external side of the mandrel is first knurled and then ground. 17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the truncated pyramidal projections on the mandrel surface have a height h of 0.15 mm, a base area AG of 0.8 mm×0.8 mm, and a roof area AD of 0.6 mm×0.6 mm. | 1,600 |
345,377 | 16,643,308 | 2,832 | A subsea energy storage installation comprises a pumped-storage system having pumping and hydropower generation components for, selectively, converting electricity into potential energy by expelling water from within a tank into the surrounding sea and for generating electricity from an incoming flow of water re-entering the tank under hydrostatic pressure. The tank comprises at least one elongate rigid pipeline that may he lowered to the seabed as part of a to viable unit or laid on the seabed as a pipe string launched from a surface vessel. | 1. A subsea energy storage installation, comprising:
at least one elongate rigid pipeline located at a seabed location to serve as a subsea tank; and a pumped-storage system having pumping and hydropower generation components for, selectively, converting electricity into potential energy by expelling water from within the tank into the surrounding sea and for generating electricity from an incoming flow of water re-entering the tank under hydrostatic pressure; wherein the at least one elongate rigid pipeline trims part of a towable unit that is configured to be lowered to the seabed location or comprises a pipe string configured to be laid at the seabed location. 2. The installation of claim 1, wherein the towable unit or the pipe string incorporates the components of the pumped-storage system. 3. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located together at substantially the same location with respect to the length of the pipeline. 4. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are distributed at different locations with respect to the length of the pipeline. 5. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located at one or both of opposed ends of the pipeline. 6. The installation of claim 5, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located in at least one towhead of a towable unit that includes the pipeline. 7. The installation of claim 5, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located in at least one terminal module of a pipe string that forms the pipeline. 8. The installation of any-preceding claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located at one or more intermediate locations between opposed ends of the pipeline. 9. The installation of claim 8, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system .are located in at least one in-line module of a pipe string that forms the pipeline. 10. The installation of claim 8, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are offset from, and connected by a spool or jumper pipe to, at least one in-line module of a pipe string that forms the pipeline. 11. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system comprise;
at least one pump for expelling water from the pipeline; and at least one machine-driven generator for generating electricity from the incoming flow of water. 12. The installation of claim 11, wherein the machine is a turbine. 13. The installation of claim 11, wherein the pump and the machine communicate with the pipeline through a common manifold. 14. The installation of claim 11, wherein the pump and the machine communicate with the pipeline through a common bulkhead. 15. The installation of claim 11, wherein the pump and the machine communicate with the pipeline at different longitudinal locations. 16. The installation of claim 15, wherein the pump and the machine communicate with the pipeline through respective bulkheads. 17. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system comprise at least one reversible machine coupled to a generator/motor, the machine being driven by the generator/motor to expel water from the tank and driving the generator/motor to generate electricity from the incoming flow of water. 18. The installation of chin 17, wherein the machine is a reversible turbine. 19. The installation of claim 1, wherein the towable unit comprises a bundle of parallel pipes. 20. The installation of 19, wherein the pipes of the bundle are joined to form a common volume. 21. The installation of claim 20, wherein the pipes of the bundle are joined at their ends by a manifold. 22. The installation of claim 21, wherein the manifold is defined by a bulkhead that is common to the pipes of the bundle. 23. The installation of claim 19, wherein the pipes of the bundle are dosed by at least one common bulkhead. 24. The installation of claim 19, wherein the pipes of the bundle are separate from each other and have respective pumped-storage systems. 25. The installation of claim 12, wherein the pipes of the bundle are contained within a carrier pipe. 26. The installation of claim 25, wherein the carrier pipe defines a sealed chamber that is resistant to hydrostatic pressure. 27. The installation of claim 19, wherein the pipes of the bundle surround a core pipe. 28. The installation of claim 26, wherein the core pipe and the pipes of the bundle are joined to form a common volume. 29. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pipeline is anchored to the seabed at intervals along its length. 30. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pipeline comprises a weight coating. 31. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pipeline is at least 500 m long. 32. The installation of claim 1, further including at least one tidal turbine supported by the installation. 33. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pumped-storage system has an inlet for receiving the incoming flow of water at substantially the same depth in the sea as the tank. 34. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pumped-storage system has an outlet for the expelled water at substantially the same depth in the sea as the tank. 35. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pipeline is a pipe-in-pipe structure comprising inner and outer pipes defining an annulus between them that is tilled with a weight filling. 36. The installation ta claim 1, wherein the pipeline comprises a bundle of parallel pipes embedded in a matrix or encapsulated by a shell. 37. A method of installing a subsea energy storage installation, the method comprising:
towing to an offshore installation site a unit that comprises at least one elongate rigid pipeline and at least one support structure for pumping and hydropower generation components of a pumped-storage system; and lowering the unit to a seabed location at the installation site where the elongate rigid pipeline serves as a subsea tank. 38. The method of claim 37, comprising lowering the unit with the pumping and hydropower generation components mounted on the support structure. 39. The method of claim 37, comprising using the support structure as a towhead at an end of the pipeline when towing the unit. 40. The method of claim 37, preceded by fabricating and testing the unit at an inshore or onshore location. 41. The method of claim 40, comprising assembling a bundle of elongate rigid pipelines. 42. A method of installing a subsea energy storage installation, the method comprising:
at an offshore installation site, launching a pipe string overboared from an installation vessel at the surface to a seabed location to serve as a subsea tank and incorporating one or more modules into the pipe string at the surface, the or each module being a support structure for at least one pumping or hydropower generation component of a pumped-storage system. 43. The method of claim 42, comprising launching the or each module with pumping or hydropower generation components mounted thereon. 44. The method of claim 42, comprising incorporating at least one module at an end of the pipe string. 45. The method of claim 42, comprising incorporating at least one module at an intermediate position between opposed ends of the pipe string. 46. The method of claim 37, comprising anchoring the installation at the seabed location. 47. The method of claim 37, comprising connecting a subsea power cable to at least one pumping or hydropower generation component. 48. The method of claim 47, comprising connecting the subsea power cable when the or each component is at the seabed location. 49. The method of claim 42, comprising anchoring the installation at the seabed location. 50. The method of claim 42, comprising connecting a subsea power cable to at least one pumping or hydropower generation component. 51. The method of claim 50, comprising connecting the subsea power cable when the or each component is at the seabed location. | A subsea energy storage installation comprises a pumped-storage system having pumping and hydropower generation components for, selectively, converting electricity into potential energy by expelling water from within a tank into the surrounding sea and for generating electricity from an incoming flow of water re-entering the tank under hydrostatic pressure. The tank comprises at least one elongate rigid pipeline that may he lowered to the seabed as part of a to viable unit or laid on the seabed as a pipe string launched from a surface vessel.1. A subsea energy storage installation, comprising:
at least one elongate rigid pipeline located at a seabed location to serve as a subsea tank; and a pumped-storage system having pumping and hydropower generation components for, selectively, converting electricity into potential energy by expelling water from within the tank into the surrounding sea and for generating electricity from an incoming flow of water re-entering the tank under hydrostatic pressure; wherein the at least one elongate rigid pipeline trims part of a towable unit that is configured to be lowered to the seabed location or comprises a pipe string configured to be laid at the seabed location. 2. The installation of claim 1, wherein the towable unit or the pipe string incorporates the components of the pumped-storage system. 3. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located together at substantially the same location with respect to the length of the pipeline. 4. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are distributed at different locations with respect to the length of the pipeline. 5. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located at one or both of opposed ends of the pipeline. 6. The installation of claim 5, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located in at least one towhead of a towable unit that includes the pipeline. 7. The installation of claim 5, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located in at least one terminal module of a pipe string that forms the pipeline. 8. The installation of any-preceding claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are located at one or more intermediate locations between opposed ends of the pipeline. 9. The installation of claim 8, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system .are located in at least one in-line module of a pipe string that forms the pipeline. 10. The installation of claim 8, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system are offset from, and connected by a spool or jumper pipe to, at least one in-line module of a pipe string that forms the pipeline. 11. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system comprise;
at least one pump for expelling water from the pipeline; and at least one machine-driven generator for generating electricity from the incoming flow of water. 12. The installation of claim 11, wherein the machine is a turbine. 13. The installation of claim 11, wherein the pump and the machine communicate with the pipeline through a common manifold. 14. The installation of claim 11, wherein the pump and the machine communicate with the pipeline through a common bulkhead. 15. The installation of claim 11, wherein the pump and the machine communicate with the pipeline at different longitudinal locations. 16. The installation of claim 15, wherein the pump and the machine communicate with the pipeline through respective bulkheads. 17. The installation of claim 1, wherein the components of the pumped-storage system comprise at least one reversible machine coupled to a generator/motor, the machine being driven by the generator/motor to expel water from the tank and driving the generator/motor to generate electricity from the incoming flow of water. 18. The installation of chin 17, wherein the machine is a reversible turbine. 19. The installation of claim 1, wherein the towable unit comprises a bundle of parallel pipes. 20. The installation of 19, wherein the pipes of the bundle are joined to form a common volume. 21. The installation of claim 20, wherein the pipes of the bundle are joined at their ends by a manifold. 22. The installation of claim 21, wherein the manifold is defined by a bulkhead that is common to the pipes of the bundle. 23. The installation of claim 19, wherein the pipes of the bundle are dosed by at least one common bulkhead. 24. The installation of claim 19, wherein the pipes of the bundle are separate from each other and have respective pumped-storage systems. 25. The installation of claim 12, wherein the pipes of the bundle are contained within a carrier pipe. 26. The installation of claim 25, wherein the carrier pipe defines a sealed chamber that is resistant to hydrostatic pressure. 27. The installation of claim 19, wherein the pipes of the bundle surround a core pipe. 28. The installation of claim 26, wherein the core pipe and the pipes of the bundle are joined to form a common volume. 29. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pipeline is anchored to the seabed at intervals along its length. 30. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pipeline comprises a weight coating. 31. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pipeline is at least 500 m long. 32. The installation of claim 1, further including at least one tidal turbine supported by the installation. 33. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pumped-storage system has an inlet for receiving the incoming flow of water at substantially the same depth in the sea as the tank. 34. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pumped-storage system has an outlet for the expelled water at substantially the same depth in the sea as the tank. 35. The installation of claim 1, wherein the pipeline is a pipe-in-pipe structure comprising inner and outer pipes defining an annulus between them that is tilled with a weight filling. 36. The installation ta claim 1, wherein the pipeline comprises a bundle of parallel pipes embedded in a matrix or encapsulated by a shell. 37. A method of installing a subsea energy storage installation, the method comprising:
towing to an offshore installation site a unit that comprises at least one elongate rigid pipeline and at least one support structure for pumping and hydropower generation components of a pumped-storage system; and lowering the unit to a seabed location at the installation site where the elongate rigid pipeline serves as a subsea tank. 38. The method of claim 37, comprising lowering the unit with the pumping and hydropower generation components mounted on the support structure. 39. The method of claim 37, comprising using the support structure as a towhead at an end of the pipeline when towing the unit. 40. The method of claim 37, preceded by fabricating and testing the unit at an inshore or onshore location. 41. The method of claim 40, comprising assembling a bundle of elongate rigid pipelines. 42. A method of installing a subsea energy storage installation, the method comprising:
at an offshore installation site, launching a pipe string overboared from an installation vessel at the surface to a seabed location to serve as a subsea tank and incorporating one or more modules into the pipe string at the surface, the or each module being a support structure for at least one pumping or hydropower generation component of a pumped-storage system. 43. The method of claim 42, comprising launching the or each module with pumping or hydropower generation components mounted thereon. 44. The method of claim 42, comprising incorporating at least one module at an end of the pipe string. 45. The method of claim 42, comprising incorporating at least one module at an intermediate position between opposed ends of the pipe string. 46. The method of claim 37, comprising anchoring the installation at the seabed location. 47. The method of claim 37, comprising connecting a subsea power cable to at least one pumping or hydropower generation component. 48. The method of claim 47, comprising connecting the subsea power cable when the or each component is at the seabed location. 49. The method of claim 42, comprising anchoring the installation at the seabed location. 50. The method of claim 42, comprising connecting a subsea power cable to at least one pumping or hydropower generation component. 51. The method of claim 50, comprising connecting the subsea power cable when the or each component is at the seabed location. | 2,800 |
345,378 | 16,643,297 | 2,832 | A driving method of a display device, a data driving integrated circuit, and a display panel are provided. The driving method comprises: acquiring a voltage signal and a data polarity reversal signal to be transmitted; when the data polarity reversal signal is a predetermined level, comparing a voltage of the voltage signal with a predetermined drive voltage, and selecting a corresponding drive voltage according to a comparing result; and driving liquid crystal molecules according to the selected drive voltage. | 1. A driving method of a display device, comprising:
acquiring a voltage signal and a data polarity reversal signal to be transmitted; when the data polarity reversal signal is a predetermined level, comparing a voltage of the voltage signal with a predetermined drive voltage, and selecting a corresponding drive voltage according to a comparing result; and driving liquid crystal molecules according to the selected drive voltage. 2. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a first drive voltage and a second drive voltage, and the predetermined voltage comprises a first predetermined voltage;
the step of when the data polarity reversal signal is the predetermined level, comparing the voltage of the voltage signal with the predetermined drive voltage, and selecting the corresponding drive voltage according to the comparing result comprises: when the data polarity reversal signal is the predetermined level, judging whether the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the first drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 3. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein before the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage, the driving method comprises:
acquiring a first voltage range, selecting the first predetermined voltage according to the first voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the first voltage range and the first predetermined voltage as the first drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the first predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the first voltage range as the second drive voltage. 4. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a third drive voltage and a fourth drive voltage, and the predetermined voltage comprises a second predetermined voltage;
the driving method further comprises: when the data polarity reversal signal is not a predetermined level, judging whether a voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage or not; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the third drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 5. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein before the step of judging whether the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage or not, the driving method further comprises:
acquiring a second voltage range, selecting the second predetermined voltage according to the second voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the second voltage range and the second predetermined voltage as the third drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the second predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the second voltage range as the fourth drive voltage. 6. A data driving integrated circuit, comprising:
a signal acquiring module acquiring a voltage signal and a data polarity reversal signal to be transmitted; a voltage selection module, wherein when the data polarity reversal signal is a predetermined level, the voltage selection module compares a voltage of the voltage signal with a predetermined drive voltage, and selects a corresponding drive voltage according to a comparing result; and a liquid crystal drive module driving liquid crystal molecules according to the selected drive voltage. 7. The data driving integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a first drive voltage and a second drive voltage, the predetermined voltage comprises a first predetermined voltage, and the voltage selection module comprises:
a voltage judgment sub-module, when the data polarity reversal signal is the predetermined level, judging whether the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the first drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 8. The data driving integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the data driving integrated circuit further comprises:
a voltage acquiring module acquiring a first voltage range, selecting the first predetermined voltage according to the first voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the first voltage range and the first predetermined voltage as the first drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the first predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the first voltage range as the second drive voltage. 9. The data driving integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a third drive voltage and a fourth drive voltage, the predetermined voltage comprises a second predetermined voltage, and the voltage selection module comprises:
a voltage judgment sub-module, when the data polarity reversal signal is not a predetermined level, judging whether a voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage or not; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the third drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 10. The data driving integrated circuit according to claim 9, wherein the data driving integrated circuit further comprises:
a voltage acquiring module acquiring a second voltage range, selecting the second predetermined voltage according to the second voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the second voltage range and the second predetermined voltage as the third drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the second predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the second voltage range as the fourth drive voltage. 11. A display panel comprising the data driving integrated circuit of claim 6. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a first drive voltage and a second drive voltage, the predetermined voltage comprises a first predetermined voltage, and the voltage selection module comprises:
a voltage judgment sub-module, when the data polarity reversal signal is the predetermined level, judging whether the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the first drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein the data driving integrated circuit further comprises:
a voltage acquiring module acquiring a first voltage range, selecting the first predetermined voltage according to the first voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the first voltage range and the first predetermined voltage as the first drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the first predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the first voltage range as the second drive voltage. 14. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a third drive voltage and a fourth drive voltage, the predetermined voltage comprises a second predetermined voltage, and the voltage selection module comprises:
a voltage judgment sub-module, when the data polarity reversal signal is not a predetermined level, judging whether a voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage or not; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the third drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 15. The display panel according to claim 14, wherein the data driving integrated circuit further comprises:
a voltage acquiring module acquiring a second voltage range, selecting the second predetermined voltage according to the second voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the second voltage range and the second predetermined voltage as the third drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the second predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the second voltage range as the fourth drive voltage. | A driving method of a display device, a data driving integrated circuit, and a display panel are provided. The driving method comprises: acquiring a voltage signal and a data polarity reversal signal to be transmitted; when the data polarity reversal signal is a predetermined level, comparing a voltage of the voltage signal with a predetermined drive voltage, and selecting a corresponding drive voltage according to a comparing result; and driving liquid crystal molecules according to the selected drive voltage.1. A driving method of a display device, comprising:
acquiring a voltage signal and a data polarity reversal signal to be transmitted; when the data polarity reversal signal is a predetermined level, comparing a voltage of the voltage signal with a predetermined drive voltage, and selecting a corresponding drive voltage according to a comparing result; and driving liquid crystal molecules according to the selected drive voltage. 2. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a first drive voltage and a second drive voltage, and the predetermined voltage comprises a first predetermined voltage;
the step of when the data polarity reversal signal is the predetermined level, comparing the voltage of the voltage signal with the predetermined drive voltage, and selecting the corresponding drive voltage according to the comparing result comprises: when the data polarity reversal signal is the predetermined level, judging whether the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the first drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 3. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein before the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage, the driving method comprises:
acquiring a first voltage range, selecting the first predetermined voltage according to the first voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the first voltage range and the first predetermined voltage as the first drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the first predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the first voltage range as the second drive voltage. 4. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a third drive voltage and a fourth drive voltage, and the predetermined voltage comprises a second predetermined voltage;
the driving method further comprises: when the data polarity reversal signal is not a predetermined level, judging whether a voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage or not; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the third drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 5. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein before the step of judging whether the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage or not, the driving method further comprises:
acquiring a second voltage range, selecting the second predetermined voltage according to the second voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the second voltage range and the second predetermined voltage as the third drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the second predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the second voltage range as the fourth drive voltage. 6. A data driving integrated circuit, comprising:
a signal acquiring module acquiring a voltage signal and a data polarity reversal signal to be transmitted; a voltage selection module, wherein when the data polarity reversal signal is a predetermined level, the voltage selection module compares a voltage of the voltage signal with a predetermined drive voltage, and selects a corresponding drive voltage according to a comparing result; and a liquid crystal drive module driving liquid crystal molecules according to the selected drive voltage. 7. The data driving integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a first drive voltage and a second drive voltage, the predetermined voltage comprises a first predetermined voltage, and the voltage selection module comprises:
a voltage judgment sub-module, when the data polarity reversal signal is the predetermined level, judging whether the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the first drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 8. The data driving integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the data driving integrated circuit further comprises:
a voltage acquiring module acquiring a first voltage range, selecting the first predetermined voltage according to the first voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the first voltage range and the first predetermined voltage as the first drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the first predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the first voltage range as the second drive voltage. 9. The data driving integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a third drive voltage and a fourth drive voltage, the predetermined voltage comprises a second predetermined voltage, and the voltage selection module comprises:
a voltage judgment sub-module, when the data polarity reversal signal is not a predetermined level, judging whether a voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage or not; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the third drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 10. The data driving integrated circuit according to claim 9, wherein the data driving integrated circuit further comprises:
a voltage acquiring module acquiring a second voltage range, selecting the second predetermined voltage according to the second voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the second voltage range and the second predetermined voltage as the third drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the second predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the second voltage range as the fourth drive voltage. 11. A display panel comprising the data driving integrated circuit of claim 6. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a first drive voltage and a second drive voltage, the predetermined voltage comprises a first predetermined voltage, and the voltage selection module comprises:
a voltage judgment sub-module, when the data polarity reversal signal is the predetermined level, judging whether the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the first drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the first predetermined voltage, selecting the second drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein the data driving integrated circuit further comprises:
a voltage acquiring module acquiring a first voltage range, selecting the first predetermined voltage according to the first voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the first voltage range and the first predetermined voltage as the first drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the first predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the first voltage range as the second drive voltage. 14. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein the corresponding drive voltage comprises a third drive voltage and a fourth drive voltage, the predetermined voltage comprises a second predetermined voltage, and the voltage selection module comprises:
a voltage judgment sub-module, when the data polarity reversal signal is not a predetermined level, judging whether a voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage or not; when the voltage of the voltage signal is higher than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the third drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; when the voltage of the voltage signal is lower than the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules; and when the voltage of the voltage signal is equal to the second predetermined voltage, selecting the fourth drive voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules. 15. The display panel according to claim 14, wherein the data driving integrated circuit further comprises:
a voltage acquiring module acquiring a second voltage range, selecting the second predetermined voltage according to the second voltage range, taking a voltage difference between a maximum value in the second voltage range and the second predetermined voltage as the third drive voltage, and taking a voltage difference between the second predetermined voltage and a minimum value in the second voltage range as the fourth drive voltage. | 2,800 |
345,379 | 16,643,284 | 2,832 | The present disclosure provides fluorinated crown ethers. The fluorinated crown ethers have one or more pendant fluorinated groups (e.g., thioether groups with a terminal fluorinated group). The fluorinated crown ethers have desirable solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. Also provided are methods and systems for removal of lithium (e.g., lithium ions) from aqueous samples using the fluorinated crown ethers coupled with lipophilic cation exchangers. | 1. A method for removing lithium ions from an aqueous sample comprising lithium ions comprising:
contacting the aqueous sample comprising lithium ions with one or more fluorinated crown ether having the following structure: 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing lithium ions from the one or more fluorinated crown ether and cation exchanger that has been contacted with the aqueous sample by washing the one or more fluorinated crown ether and cation exchanger that has been contacted with the sample with a mineral acid. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more fluorinated crown ether is recycled. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cation exchanger is contacted with the aqueous sample after the aqueous sample is contacted with the one or more fluorinated crown ether. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting is carried out in a batch mode, semi-batch mode or a continuous mode. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous sample is selected from the group consisting of lithium brines, geothermal waters, oilfield brines, fluids produced in fracking operations, wastewater, desalination plant runoff, battery recycling fluids, and seawater. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting is carried out in a mixture comprising the aqueous sample, one or more fluorinated crown ether, a cation exchanger, and carbon dioxide. 8. A fluorinated crown ether having the following structure: 9. The fluorinated crown ether of claim 8, wherein the terminal fluorinated group is selected from the group consisting of: 10. The fluorinated crown ether of claim 9, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of: 11. The fluorinated crown ether of claim 9, wherein the fluorinated crown ether has the following structure: 12. A system for removing lithium ions from an aqueous sample comprising lithium ions comprising:
a fluorinated crown ether extractant and cation exchanger source; a carbon dioxide source; a mixing cell in fluid communication with the fluorinated crown ether and cation exchanger source and the carbon dioxide source; an aqueous solution source configured to provide a lithium ion containing aqueous solution; an extraction reactor in fluid communication with the mixing cell and the aqueous solution source, wherein lithium ions are extracted from the lithium ion containing aqueous solution in the extraction reactor into the supercritical carbon dioxide phase; a pressure reducing valve in fluid communication with the extraction reactor; and a collection vessel in fluid communication with the pressure reducing valve, wherein the collection vessel collects a condensed lithium containing complex. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the mixing cell operates at supercritical conditions. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the system operates continuously or in a semi-batch mode. 15. A system for removing lithium ions from an aqueous sample comprising lithium ions comprising:
an aqueous solution source configured to provide a lithium containing aqueous solution; a carbon dioxide source; an extraction reactor in fluid communication with the aqueous solution source and the carbon dioxide source; a condenser in fluid communication with the extraction reactor, wherein the condenser condenses at least some lithium containing complex from a carbon dioxide stream that includes the lithium containing complex into an organic solvent; a compressor in fluid communication with the condenser, wherein the compressor compresses at least some of the carbon dioxide stream that is depleted of the lithium containing complex; a second extraction reactor in fluid communication with the condenser, wherein the organic solvent comprising the lithium containing complex is delivered to the second extraction reactor; a mineral acid source in fluid communication with the second extraction reactor; a first collection vessel in fluid communication with the second extraction reactor, wherein the first collection vessel collects lithium impregnated mineral acid; and a second collection vessel in fluid communication with the second extraction reactor, wherein the second collection vessel collects lithium depleted organic solvent. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a fluorinated crown ether extractant and cation exchanger source in fluid communication with the extraction reactor. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein fluorinated crown ether extractant and cation exchanger from the fluorinated crown ether extractant and cation exchanger source and carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source are both delivered to the extraction reactor through a conduit. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source is at a pressure at or above its critical point and/or is at a temperature at or above its critical point. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the compressor is in fluid communication with the extraction reactor. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the system operates continuously or in a semi-batch mode. | The present disclosure provides fluorinated crown ethers. The fluorinated crown ethers have one or more pendant fluorinated groups (e.g., thioether groups with a terminal fluorinated group). The fluorinated crown ethers have desirable solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. Also provided are methods and systems for removal of lithium (e.g., lithium ions) from aqueous samples using the fluorinated crown ethers coupled with lipophilic cation exchangers.1. A method for removing lithium ions from an aqueous sample comprising lithium ions comprising:
contacting the aqueous sample comprising lithium ions with one or more fluorinated crown ether having the following structure: 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing lithium ions from the one or more fluorinated crown ether and cation exchanger that has been contacted with the aqueous sample by washing the one or more fluorinated crown ether and cation exchanger that has been contacted with the sample with a mineral acid. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more fluorinated crown ether is recycled. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cation exchanger is contacted with the aqueous sample after the aqueous sample is contacted with the one or more fluorinated crown ether. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting is carried out in a batch mode, semi-batch mode or a continuous mode. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous sample is selected from the group consisting of lithium brines, geothermal waters, oilfield brines, fluids produced in fracking operations, wastewater, desalination plant runoff, battery recycling fluids, and seawater. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting is carried out in a mixture comprising the aqueous sample, one or more fluorinated crown ether, a cation exchanger, and carbon dioxide. 8. A fluorinated crown ether having the following structure: 9. The fluorinated crown ether of claim 8, wherein the terminal fluorinated group is selected from the group consisting of: 10. The fluorinated crown ether of claim 9, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of: 11. The fluorinated crown ether of claim 9, wherein the fluorinated crown ether has the following structure: 12. A system for removing lithium ions from an aqueous sample comprising lithium ions comprising:
a fluorinated crown ether extractant and cation exchanger source; a carbon dioxide source; a mixing cell in fluid communication with the fluorinated crown ether and cation exchanger source and the carbon dioxide source; an aqueous solution source configured to provide a lithium ion containing aqueous solution; an extraction reactor in fluid communication with the mixing cell and the aqueous solution source, wherein lithium ions are extracted from the lithium ion containing aqueous solution in the extraction reactor into the supercritical carbon dioxide phase; a pressure reducing valve in fluid communication with the extraction reactor; and a collection vessel in fluid communication with the pressure reducing valve, wherein the collection vessel collects a condensed lithium containing complex. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the mixing cell operates at supercritical conditions. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the system operates continuously or in a semi-batch mode. 15. A system for removing lithium ions from an aqueous sample comprising lithium ions comprising:
an aqueous solution source configured to provide a lithium containing aqueous solution; a carbon dioxide source; an extraction reactor in fluid communication with the aqueous solution source and the carbon dioxide source; a condenser in fluid communication with the extraction reactor, wherein the condenser condenses at least some lithium containing complex from a carbon dioxide stream that includes the lithium containing complex into an organic solvent; a compressor in fluid communication with the condenser, wherein the compressor compresses at least some of the carbon dioxide stream that is depleted of the lithium containing complex; a second extraction reactor in fluid communication with the condenser, wherein the organic solvent comprising the lithium containing complex is delivered to the second extraction reactor; a mineral acid source in fluid communication with the second extraction reactor; a first collection vessel in fluid communication with the second extraction reactor, wherein the first collection vessel collects lithium impregnated mineral acid; and a second collection vessel in fluid communication with the second extraction reactor, wherein the second collection vessel collects lithium depleted organic solvent. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a fluorinated crown ether extractant and cation exchanger source in fluid communication with the extraction reactor. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein fluorinated crown ether extractant and cation exchanger from the fluorinated crown ether extractant and cation exchanger source and carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source are both delivered to the extraction reactor through a conduit. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source is at a pressure at or above its critical point and/or is at a temperature at or above its critical point. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the compressor is in fluid communication with the extraction reactor. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the system operates continuously or in a semi-batch mode. | 2,800 |
345,380 | 16,643,281 | 2,832 | This application relates to polyphenol containing sugar cane extracts for improving or masking taste or mouthfeel of consumables containing a sugar substitute, low sugar consumables or reduced sugar consumables. The polyphenol containing sugar cane extracts can be used in methods for improving or masking the taste of consumables containing a sugar substitute, low sugar consumables or reduced sugar consumables by including an effective amount of a polyphenol containing sugar cane extract in the consumable. The polyphenol containing sugar cane extracts can also be used in compositions for improving or masking the taste of a sugar substitute by including an effective amount of a polyphenol containing sugar cane extract in the composition. | 1. A method for improving or masking taste or mouthfeel of a consumable containing a sugar substitute, the method comprising including from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % or about 0.01% v/v to about 10% v/v of an extract derived from sugar cane in the consumable, the extract comprising from about 10 catechin equivalent (CE) g/L to about 50 CE g/L of polyphenols or from about 100 CE mg/g to about 500 CE mg/g of polyphenols. 2. A method for improving or masking taste or mouthfeel of a low sugar or reduced sugar consumable, the method comprising including from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % or about 0.01% v/v to about 10% v/v of an extract derived from sugar cane in the consumable, the extract comprising from about 10 catechin equivalent (CE) g/L to about 50 CE g/L of polyphenols or from about 100 CE mg/g to about 500 CE mg/g of polyphenols. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the low sugar consumable contains less than about 5% of sugar. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the reduced sugar consumable contains about 10% to about 30% less sugar than a standard version of the consumable. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the consumable comprises from about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % or about 0.01% v/v to about 1.0% v/v of the extract. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sugar substitute is in the range of: i) from about 0.0001 wt % to about 0.1 wt % of the consumable; or ii) from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.01 wt % of the consumable. 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the taste is selected from the group consisting of sweet, bitter, metallic, astringent, acidity, sour, fruity, salty, liquorice, umami and combinations thereof. 9. (canceled) 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the mouthfeel is selected from the group consisting of smooth, dry, chalky, grainy, greasy, gummy, watery, oily, tingly, waxy, bound, rough, round, slimy, body and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sugar substitute is selected from the group consisting of stevia, stevioside, steviol glycosides, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, dulcoside B, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, cyclamate, saccharin, mogroside, mogroside IV, mogroside V, rubusoside, siamenoside, monatin, monatin SS, monatin RR, monatin RS, monatin SR, curculin, glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, thaumatin, monellin, mabinlin, brazzein, hernandulcin, phyllodulcin, glycyphyllin, phloridzin, trilobatin, baiyunoside, osladin, polypodoside, polypodoside A, pterocaryoside, pterocaryoside A, pterocaryoside B, mukurozioside, phlomisoside, phlomisoside I, periandrin, periandrin I, abrusoside, abrusoside A, clocarioside, cyclocarioside I, Monk fruit extracts, neotame, advantame, erythritol, arabitol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, isomaltulose, sugar alcohols, salts and combinations thereof. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the consumable is a carbonated beverage selected from the group consisting of a cola, fruit-flavoured beverage, a root beer, alcoholic beverage and flavoured water. 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the consumable is a beverage selected from the group consisting of a fruit juice, fruit-containing beverage, vegetable juice, vegetable-containing beverage, tea, coffee, dairy beverage, cocoa beverage, soy milk, flavoured animal milk, almond milk, coconut milk, liquid breakfast, sports drink, energy drink, alcoholic beverage, fermented products and flavoured water. 21. (canceled) 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the extract is derived from a sugar cane derived product selected from the group consisting of molasses, massecuite, bagasse, first expressed juice, mill mud, clarified sugar cane juice, clarified syrup, treacle, golden syrup, field trash, cane strippings, dunder and combinations thereof. 23. The method of claim 10, wherein the sugar cane derived product is molasses. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the extract comprises from about 15 CE g/L to about 40 CE g/L of polyphenols or about 150 CE mg/g to about 400 CE mg/g of polyphenols. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyphenols comprise one or more of syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, diosmin, diosmetin, apigenin, vitexin, orientin, homoorientin, swertisin, tricin, (+)catechin, (−)catechin gallate, (−)epicatechin, quercetin, kaempherol, myricetin, rutin, schaftoside, isoschaftoside and luteolin. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. A composition comprising a sugar substitute and a constituent to improve or mask taste or mouthfeel of the sugar substitute, wherein the constituent comprises an extract derived from sugar cane comprising about 10 CE g/L to about 50 CE g/L of polyphenols or from about 100 CE mg/g to about 500 CE mg/g of polyphenols, wherein the constituent contains from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % or about 0.01% v/v to about 10% v/v of the extract derived from sugar cane. 29. The composition of claim 16 in a dry form or a liquid form. 30. The composition of claim 16, wherein the constituent is coated onto the sugar substitute. 31. A consumable or a beverage comprising the composition of claim 16. 32. (canceled) 33. A taste or mouthfeel improving or masking agent, wherein the agent is an extract derived from sugar cane comprising about 10 CE g/L to about 50 CE g/L of polyphenols or from about 100 CE mg/g to about 500 CE mg/g of polyphenols. | This application relates to polyphenol containing sugar cane extracts for improving or masking taste or mouthfeel of consumables containing a sugar substitute, low sugar consumables or reduced sugar consumables. The polyphenol containing sugar cane extracts can be used in methods for improving or masking the taste of consumables containing a sugar substitute, low sugar consumables or reduced sugar consumables by including an effective amount of a polyphenol containing sugar cane extract in the consumable. The polyphenol containing sugar cane extracts can also be used in compositions for improving or masking the taste of a sugar substitute by including an effective amount of a polyphenol containing sugar cane extract in the composition.1. A method for improving or masking taste or mouthfeel of a consumable containing a sugar substitute, the method comprising including from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % or about 0.01% v/v to about 10% v/v of an extract derived from sugar cane in the consumable, the extract comprising from about 10 catechin equivalent (CE) g/L to about 50 CE g/L of polyphenols or from about 100 CE mg/g to about 500 CE mg/g of polyphenols. 2. A method for improving or masking taste or mouthfeel of a low sugar or reduced sugar consumable, the method comprising including from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % or about 0.01% v/v to about 10% v/v of an extract derived from sugar cane in the consumable, the extract comprising from about 10 catechin equivalent (CE) g/L to about 50 CE g/L of polyphenols or from about 100 CE mg/g to about 500 CE mg/g of polyphenols. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the low sugar consumable contains less than about 5% of sugar. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the reduced sugar consumable contains about 10% to about 30% less sugar than a standard version of the consumable. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the consumable comprises from about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % or about 0.01% v/v to about 1.0% v/v of the extract. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sugar substitute is in the range of: i) from about 0.0001 wt % to about 0.1 wt % of the consumable; or ii) from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.01 wt % of the consumable. 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the taste is selected from the group consisting of sweet, bitter, metallic, astringent, acidity, sour, fruity, salty, liquorice, umami and combinations thereof. 9. (canceled) 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the mouthfeel is selected from the group consisting of smooth, dry, chalky, grainy, greasy, gummy, watery, oily, tingly, waxy, bound, rough, round, slimy, body and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sugar substitute is selected from the group consisting of stevia, stevioside, steviol glycosides, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, dulcoside B, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, cyclamate, saccharin, mogroside, mogroside IV, mogroside V, rubusoside, siamenoside, monatin, monatin SS, monatin RR, monatin RS, monatin SR, curculin, glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, thaumatin, monellin, mabinlin, brazzein, hernandulcin, phyllodulcin, glycyphyllin, phloridzin, trilobatin, baiyunoside, osladin, polypodoside, polypodoside A, pterocaryoside, pterocaryoside A, pterocaryoside B, mukurozioside, phlomisoside, phlomisoside I, periandrin, periandrin I, abrusoside, abrusoside A, clocarioside, cyclocarioside I, Monk fruit extracts, neotame, advantame, erythritol, arabitol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, isomaltulose, sugar alcohols, salts and combinations thereof. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the consumable is a carbonated beverage selected from the group consisting of a cola, fruit-flavoured beverage, a root beer, alcoholic beverage and flavoured water. 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the consumable is a beverage selected from the group consisting of a fruit juice, fruit-containing beverage, vegetable juice, vegetable-containing beverage, tea, coffee, dairy beverage, cocoa beverage, soy milk, flavoured animal milk, almond milk, coconut milk, liquid breakfast, sports drink, energy drink, alcoholic beverage, fermented products and flavoured water. 21. (canceled) 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the extract is derived from a sugar cane derived product selected from the group consisting of molasses, massecuite, bagasse, first expressed juice, mill mud, clarified sugar cane juice, clarified syrup, treacle, golden syrup, field trash, cane strippings, dunder and combinations thereof. 23. The method of claim 10, wherein the sugar cane derived product is molasses. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the extract comprises from about 15 CE g/L to about 40 CE g/L of polyphenols or about 150 CE mg/g to about 400 CE mg/g of polyphenols. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyphenols comprise one or more of syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, diosmin, diosmetin, apigenin, vitexin, orientin, homoorientin, swertisin, tricin, (+)catechin, (−)catechin gallate, (−)epicatechin, quercetin, kaempherol, myricetin, rutin, schaftoside, isoschaftoside and luteolin. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) 28. A composition comprising a sugar substitute and a constituent to improve or mask taste or mouthfeel of the sugar substitute, wherein the constituent comprises an extract derived from sugar cane comprising about 10 CE g/L to about 50 CE g/L of polyphenols or from about 100 CE mg/g to about 500 CE mg/g of polyphenols, wherein the constituent contains from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % or about 0.01% v/v to about 10% v/v of the extract derived from sugar cane. 29. The composition of claim 16 in a dry form or a liquid form. 30. The composition of claim 16, wherein the constituent is coated onto the sugar substitute. 31. A consumable or a beverage comprising the composition of claim 16. 32. (canceled) 33. A taste or mouthfeel improving or masking agent, wherein the agent is an extract derived from sugar cane comprising about 10 CE g/L to about 50 CE g/L of polyphenols or from about 100 CE mg/g to about 500 CE mg/g of polyphenols. | 2,800 |
345,381 | 16,643,270 | 2,832 | The fine particle measurement apparatus according to the present technology includes a detection section, a multiplication factor setting section, a correction factor calculation section, and a spectrum generation section. The detection section has a plurality of detectors for detecting light from fine particles. The multiplication factor setting section sets a multiplication factor for each of the plurality of detectors. The correction factor calculation section calculates a correction factor on the basis of the set multiplication factor. The spectrum generation section generates spectral data by correcting a value detected by the detector, with the calculated correction factor. | 1. A spectrum-type fine particle measurement apparatus comprising:
a detection section having a plurality of detectors for detecting light from fine particles; a multiplication factor setting section adapted to set a multiplication factor for each of the plurality of detectors; a correction factor calculation section adapted to calculate a correction factor on a basis of the set multiplication factor; and a spectrum generation section adapted to generate spectral data by correcting a value detected by the detector, with the calculated correction factor. 2. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an equipment control section adapted to individually adjust the multiplication factor for each of the plurality of detectors. 3. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a data adjustment section adapted to automatically adjust a maximum value detected by the detection section to a predetermined threshold on the basis of the set multiplication factor. 4. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 3, wherein
the predetermined threshold is a detection upper limit value of the detector. 5. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a reference spectrum calculation section adapted to calculate a reference spectrum on a basis of the generated spectral data. 6. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:
a spectrum separation section adapted to separate spectra by using the calculated reference spectrum. 7. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 6, wherein
the spectrum separation section performs a spectral separation process by using a weighted least squares method that assigns weights on a basis of the calculated correction factor. 8. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the multiplication factor setting section sets the multiplication factor on a basis of a voltage applied to the detector. 9. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the correction factor is a value based on uniformity of the detector, a wavelength band width detected for each of the plurality of detectors, or wavelength dependence of photoelectric conversion. 10. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the multiplication factor setting section automatically sets the multiplication factor from a single piece of measurement data of a sample including a mixture of single-stained samples stained with a single fluorescent dye or a multi-stained sample stained with all fluorescent dyes. 11. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the correction factor calculation section automatically calculates the correction factor from a single piece of measurement data of a sample including a mixture of single-stained samples stained with a single fluorescent dye or a multi-stained sample stained with all fluorescent dyes. 12. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a detector evaluation section adapted to evaluate the detector by using measurement data of a mixture of a plurality of fine particles having different grain diameters and different fluorescence intensities. 13. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a multiplication factor setting section adapted to set a multiplication factor for each of a plurality of detectors, the detectors detecting light from fine particles; a correction factor calculation section adapted to calculate a correction factor on a basis of the set multiplication factor; and a spectrum generation section adapted to generate spectral data by correcting a value detected by the detector, with the calculated correction factor. 14. An information processing method comprising:
by a processor
a step of setting a multiplication factor for each of a plurality of detectors, the detectors detecting light from fine particles;
a step of calculating a correction factor on a basis of the set multiplication factor; and
a step of generating spectral data by correcting a value detected by the detector, with the calculated correction factor. | The fine particle measurement apparatus according to the present technology includes a detection section, a multiplication factor setting section, a correction factor calculation section, and a spectrum generation section. The detection section has a plurality of detectors for detecting light from fine particles. The multiplication factor setting section sets a multiplication factor for each of the plurality of detectors. The correction factor calculation section calculates a correction factor on the basis of the set multiplication factor. The spectrum generation section generates spectral data by correcting a value detected by the detector, with the calculated correction factor.1. A spectrum-type fine particle measurement apparatus comprising:
a detection section having a plurality of detectors for detecting light from fine particles; a multiplication factor setting section adapted to set a multiplication factor for each of the plurality of detectors; a correction factor calculation section adapted to calculate a correction factor on a basis of the set multiplication factor; and a spectrum generation section adapted to generate spectral data by correcting a value detected by the detector, with the calculated correction factor. 2. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an equipment control section adapted to individually adjust the multiplication factor for each of the plurality of detectors. 3. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a data adjustment section adapted to automatically adjust a maximum value detected by the detection section to a predetermined threshold on the basis of the set multiplication factor. 4. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 3, wherein
the predetermined threshold is a detection upper limit value of the detector. 5. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a reference spectrum calculation section adapted to calculate a reference spectrum on a basis of the generated spectral data. 6. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:
a spectrum separation section adapted to separate spectra by using the calculated reference spectrum. 7. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 6, wherein
the spectrum separation section performs a spectral separation process by using a weighted least squares method that assigns weights on a basis of the calculated correction factor. 8. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the multiplication factor setting section sets the multiplication factor on a basis of a voltage applied to the detector. 9. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the correction factor is a value based on uniformity of the detector, a wavelength band width detected for each of the plurality of detectors, or wavelength dependence of photoelectric conversion. 10. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the multiplication factor setting section automatically sets the multiplication factor from a single piece of measurement data of a sample including a mixture of single-stained samples stained with a single fluorescent dye or a multi-stained sample stained with all fluorescent dyes. 11. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the correction factor calculation section automatically calculates the correction factor from a single piece of measurement data of a sample including a mixture of single-stained samples stained with a single fluorescent dye or a multi-stained sample stained with all fluorescent dyes. 12. The fine particle measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a detector evaluation section adapted to evaluate the detector by using measurement data of a mixture of a plurality of fine particles having different grain diameters and different fluorescence intensities. 13. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a multiplication factor setting section adapted to set a multiplication factor for each of a plurality of detectors, the detectors detecting light from fine particles; a correction factor calculation section adapted to calculate a correction factor on a basis of the set multiplication factor; and a spectrum generation section adapted to generate spectral data by correcting a value detected by the detector, with the calculated correction factor. 14. An information processing method comprising:
by a processor
a step of setting a multiplication factor for each of a plurality of detectors, the detectors detecting light from fine particles;
a step of calculating a correction factor on a basis of the set multiplication factor; and
a step of generating spectral data by correcting a value detected by the detector, with the calculated correction factor. | 2,800 |
345,382 | 16,643,318 | 2,832 | A heat dissipation structure includes: a display means that has a display element equipped with a display unit for displaying prescribed information, a light source serving as a heating electronic component for supplying illumination light to the display element, and a conductive frame body for housing the display element and the light source; a heat conducting member that transfers heat emitted by the light source from the frame body to a heat dissipation member; and a case member that has an enclosure part for enclosing the upper part of the heat dissipation member (heat dissipation part), wherein the enclosure part encloses the upper part of the heat dissipation part in such a manner as to come into abutment with a non-contact part of the heat conducting member that is not in contact with the heat dissipation member. | 1. A heat dissipation structure comprising:
a heating electronic component;
a heat conducting member for transferring heat emitted by the heating electronic component to a heat dissipation member; and
a case member including an enclosure part for enclosing at least part of the heat dissipation member, wherein
the enclosure part encloses the at least part of the heat dissipation member such that the enclosure part abuts against a non-contact part of the heat conducting member not in contact with the heat dissipation member. 2. A heat dissipation structure comprising:
a display means including a display element equipped with a display unit for displaying prescribed information, a light source serving as a heating electronic component for supplying illumination light to the display element, and a conductive frame body for housing the display element and the light source; a heat conducting member for transferring heat emitted by the light source from the conductive frame body to a heat dissipation member; and a case member including an enclosure part for enclosing at least part of the heat dissipation member, wherein the enclosure part encloses the at least part of the heat dissipation member such that the enclosure part abuts against a non-contact part of the heat conducting member not in contact with the heat dissipation member. 3. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, wherein the enclosure part includes a wall part covering a side of the heat conducting member. 4. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 2, wherein the enclosure part includes a wall part covering a side of the heat conducting member. | A heat dissipation structure includes: a display means that has a display element equipped with a display unit for displaying prescribed information, a light source serving as a heating electronic component for supplying illumination light to the display element, and a conductive frame body for housing the display element and the light source; a heat conducting member that transfers heat emitted by the light source from the frame body to a heat dissipation member; and a case member that has an enclosure part for enclosing the upper part of the heat dissipation member (heat dissipation part), wherein the enclosure part encloses the upper part of the heat dissipation part in such a manner as to come into abutment with a non-contact part of the heat conducting member that is not in contact with the heat dissipation member.1. A heat dissipation structure comprising:
a heating electronic component;
a heat conducting member for transferring heat emitted by the heating electronic component to a heat dissipation member; and
a case member including an enclosure part for enclosing at least part of the heat dissipation member, wherein
the enclosure part encloses the at least part of the heat dissipation member such that the enclosure part abuts against a non-contact part of the heat conducting member not in contact with the heat dissipation member. 2. A heat dissipation structure comprising:
a display means including a display element equipped with a display unit for displaying prescribed information, a light source serving as a heating electronic component for supplying illumination light to the display element, and a conductive frame body for housing the display element and the light source; a heat conducting member for transferring heat emitted by the light source from the conductive frame body to a heat dissipation member; and a case member including an enclosure part for enclosing at least part of the heat dissipation member, wherein the enclosure part encloses the at least part of the heat dissipation member such that the enclosure part abuts against a non-contact part of the heat conducting member not in contact with the heat dissipation member. 3. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, wherein the enclosure part includes a wall part covering a side of the heat conducting member. 4. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 2, wherein the enclosure part includes a wall part covering a side of the heat conducting member. | 2,800 |
345,383 | 16,643,309 | 2,832 | In some examples, a gimbaled monoclamp can include a housing including a first opening, a second opening, and a pivot point, a clamp disposed at least partially in the housing and including a first pad and a second pad to extend through the first opening and the second opening, respectively, and a pin extending through an opening in the clamp into the pivot point to couple the clamp to the housing in a gimbaled manner. | 1. A gimbaled monoclamp, comprising:
a housing including a first opening, a second opening, and a pivot point; a clamp disposed at least partially in the housing and including a first pad and a second pad to extend through the first opening and the second opening, respectively; and a pin extending through an opening in the clamp into the pivot point to couple the clamp to the housing in a gimbaled manner. 2. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the housing is secured to both a front gear and a rear gear resulting in decreased front to rear backlash. 3. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the first opening and second opening are positioned on a bottom surface along the width of the housing. 4. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the clamp is centrally mounted within the housing along a first axis via the pin. 5. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the clamp is to rotate around the pivot point along a first axis allowing the first pad to contact a leading edge portion of a platform while the housing travels in a downward motion until the second pad contacts the leading edge portion of the platform. 6. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the first pad is sized and positioned to contact the leading edge portion of the platform when the second pad contacts the leading edge portion of the platform. 7. A system, comprising:
an advancement mechanism to drive a print medium into a stacking region; a clamping mechanism, comprising a gimbaled monoclamp positioned in the stacking region; and a controller to actuate the gimbaled monoclamp when the advancement mechanism transports a print medium into the stacking region. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the clamping mechanism includes a trailing edge clamping arrangement. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the gimbaled monoclamp is positioned downstream of the trailing edge clamping arrangement. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the controller is to sequentially actuate the trailing edge clamping arrangement and the gimbaled monoclamp as the advancement mechanism transports the print medium. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions to cause a computing processor to:
detect delivery of a print medium into a stacking region by an advancement mechanism; and actuate a gimbaled monoclamp to secure a portion of the print medium in the stacking region. 12. The medium of claim 11, wherein the gimbaled monoclamp includes a clamp disposed at least partially in a housing, and a first pad and a second pad which extend through a first opening and a second opening of the housing. 13. The medium of claim 12, wherein the gimbaled monoclamp includes a pin which extends through an opening in the clamp into a pivot point to couple the clamp to the housing in a gimbaled manner. 14. The medium of claim 11, including instructions to:
actuate a trailing edge clamping arrangement in a trailing edge portion of the stacking region to secure a trailing edge of the print medium; and release the advancement mechanism with the trailing edge clamping arrangement actuated. 15. The medium of claim 14, wherein the trailing edge clamping arrangement includes at least two clamps spaced along the width of the trailing edge portion of the stacking region. | In some examples, a gimbaled monoclamp can include a housing including a first opening, a second opening, and a pivot point, a clamp disposed at least partially in the housing and including a first pad and a second pad to extend through the first opening and the second opening, respectively, and a pin extending through an opening in the clamp into the pivot point to couple the clamp to the housing in a gimbaled manner.1. A gimbaled monoclamp, comprising:
a housing including a first opening, a second opening, and a pivot point; a clamp disposed at least partially in the housing and including a first pad and a second pad to extend through the first opening and the second opening, respectively; and a pin extending through an opening in the clamp into the pivot point to couple the clamp to the housing in a gimbaled manner. 2. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the housing is secured to both a front gear and a rear gear resulting in decreased front to rear backlash. 3. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the first opening and second opening are positioned on a bottom surface along the width of the housing. 4. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the clamp is centrally mounted within the housing along a first axis via the pin. 5. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the clamp is to rotate around the pivot point along a first axis allowing the first pad to contact a leading edge portion of a platform while the housing travels in a downward motion until the second pad contacts the leading edge portion of the platform. 6. The gimbaled monoclamp of claim 1, wherein the first pad is sized and positioned to contact the leading edge portion of the platform when the second pad contacts the leading edge portion of the platform. 7. A system, comprising:
an advancement mechanism to drive a print medium into a stacking region; a clamping mechanism, comprising a gimbaled monoclamp positioned in the stacking region; and a controller to actuate the gimbaled monoclamp when the advancement mechanism transports a print medium into the stacking region. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the clamping mechanism includes a trailing edge clamping arrangement. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the gimbaled monoclamp is positioned downstream of the trailing edge clamping arrangement. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the controller is to sequentially actuate the trailing edge clamping arrangement and the gimbaled monoclamp as the advancement mechanism transports the print medium. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions to cause a computing processor to:
detect delivery of a print medium into a stacking region by an advancement mechanism; and actuate a gimbaled monoclamp to secure a portion of the print medium in the stacking region. 12. The medium of claim 11, wherein the gimbaled monoclamp includes a clamp disposed at least partially in a housing, and a first pad and a second pad which extend through a first opening and a second opening of the housing. 13. The medium of claim 12, wherein the gimbaled monoclamp includes a pin which extends through an opening in the clamp into a pivot point to couple the clamp to the housing in a gimbaled manner. 14. The medium of claim 11, including instructions to:
actuate a trailing edge clamping arrangement in a trailing edge portion of the stacking region to secure a trailing edge of the print medium; and release the advancement mechanism with the trailing edge clamping arrangement actuated. 15. The medium of claim 14, wherein the trailing edge clamping arrangement includes at least two clamps spaced along the width of the trailing edge portion of the stacking region. | 2,800 |
345,384 | 16,643,272 | 2,832 | To predict a first metric for a station in a wireless network, at least one hardware processor in a prediction device or at least one hardware processor in a first access point associated with the station, determines that a recent measurement of a second metric correlated with the first metric has changed compared to a previous measurement of the second metric, the second metric for the station and measure by the first access point; and in case the second metric has changed, prediction of the first metric for the station is triggered. The first metric can be a signal strength of a signal received by the station from a second point not associated with the station and the second metric a signal strength of a signal received by the first access point from the station. | 1. A method for predicting a first metric for a station in a wireless network, the method comprising:
determining, by at least one hardware processor in a prediction device or by at least one hardware processor in a first access point associated with the station, that a recent measurement of a second metric for the station has changed compared to a previous measurement of the second metric, the second metric correlated with the first metric and measured by the first access point; and in case the second metric has changed, triggering, by the at least one hardware processor in the prediction device, prediction of the first metric for the station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in case the determining is performed at the first access point, informing the prediction device that the second metric has changed for the station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metric is a signal strength of a signal received by the station from a second access point not associated with the station and the second metric is a signal strength of a signal received by the first access point from the station. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining is performed by the prediction device and the method further comprises receiving from the first access point at least the recent measurement of the second metric and the previous measurement of the second metric. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein it is determined that the second metric has changed in case the modulus of a difference between the recent measurement of the second metric and the previous measurement of the second metric is greater than a threshold. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at the prediction device storing a predicted value of the first metric, triggering prediction of the first metric in case an age of the predicted value is above an age limit. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the age of the predicted value is calculated from a present time and a time of prediction of the first metric. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the triggering is immediate or deferred. 9. A device for predicting a first metric for a station in a wireless network, the device comprising at least one hardware processor configured to:
determine that a recent measurement of a second metric correlated with the first metric has changed compared to a previous measurement of the second metric, the second metric for the station and measured by the first access point; and in case the second metric has changed, trigger prediction of the first metric for the station. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one hardware processor is configured to determine that the second metric has changed for the station from a message received via a hardware interface from the first access point. 11. The device of claim 9, wherein the first metric is a signal strength of a signal received by the station from a second access point not associated with the station and the second metric is a signal strength of a signal received by the first access point from the station. 12. The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to determine that the second metric has changed by comparing the recent measurement of the second metric and the previous measurement of the second metric received from the first access point in case the modulus of a difference between the recent measurement of the second metric and the previous measurement of the second metric is greater than a threshold. 13. The device of claim 9, further comprising memory configured for storing a predicted value of the first metric, and wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to trigger prediction of the first metric in case an age of the predicted value is above an age limit. 14. Computer program comprising program code instructions executable by a processor for implementing the steps of a method according to claim 1. 15. Computer program product which is stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium and comprises program code instructions executable by a processor for implementing the steps of a method according to claim 1. | To predict a first metric for a station in a wireless network, at least one hardware processor in a prediction device or at least one hardware processor in a first access point associated with the station, determines that a recent measurement of a second metric correlated with the first metric has changed compared to a previous measurement of the second metric, the second metric for the station and measure by the first access point; and in case the second metric has changed, prediction of the first metric for the station is triggered. The first metric can be a signal strength of a signal received by the station from a second point not associated with the station and the second metric a signal strength of a signal received by the first access point from the station.1. A method for predicting a first metric for a station in a wireless network, the method comprising:
determining, by at least one hardware processor in a prediction device or by at least one hardware processor in a first access point associated with the station, that a recent measurement of a second metric for the station has changed compared to a previous measurement of the second metric, the second metric correlated with the first metric and measured by the first access point; and in case the second metric has changed, triggering, by the at least one hardware processor in the prediction device, prediction of the first metric for the station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in case the determining is performed at the first access point, informing the prediction device that the second metric has changed for the station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metric is a signal strength of a signal received by the station from a second access point not associated with the station and the second metric is a signal strength of a signal received by the first access point from the station. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining is performed by the prediction device and the method further comprises receiving from the first access point at least the recent measurement of the second metric and the previous measurement of the second metric. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein it is determined that the second metric has changed in case the modulus of a difference between the recent measurement of the second metric and the previous measurement of the second metric is greater than a threshold. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, at the prediction device storing a predicted value of the first metric, triggering prediction of the first metric in case an age of the predicted value is above an age limit. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the age of the predicted value is calculated from a present time and a time of prediction of the first metric. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the triggering is immediate or deferred. 9. A device for predicting a first metric for a station in a wireless network, the device comprising at least one hardware processor configured to:
determine that a recent measurement of a second metric correlated with the first metric has changed compared to a previous measurement of the second metric, the second metric for the station and measured by the first access point; and in case the second metric has changed, trigger prediction of the first metric for the station. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one hardware processor is configured to determine that the second metric has changed for the station from a message received via a hardware interface from the first access point. 11. The device of claim 9, wherein the first metric is a signal strength of a signal received by the station from a second access point not associated with the station and the second metric is a signal strength of a signal received by the first access point from the station. 12. The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to determine that the second metric has changed by comparing the recent measurement of the second metric and the previous measurement of the second metric received from the first access point in case the modulus of a difference between the recent measurement of the second metric and the previous measurement of the second metric is greater than a threshold. 13. The device of claim 9, further comprising memory configured for storing a predicted value of the first metric, and wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to trigger prediction of the first metric in case an age of the predicted value is above an age limit. 14. Computer program comprising program code instructions executable by a processor for implementing the steps of a method according to claim 1. 15. Computer program product which is stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium and comprises program code instructions executable by a processor for implementing the steps of a method according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
345,385 | 16,643,275 | 2,832 | A water-dispersible addition-type sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material for use as a consumable feedstock additive manufacturing, wherein the water-dispersible thermoplastic copolymer is a reaction product of an addition-type reaction of a metal sulfonated monomer, the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer being dispersible in tap water in less than one hour. | 1-24 (canceled) 25. A consumable material configured as a configured as a filament feedstockor a toner powder feedstock for use as a soluble support material for printing a 3D part in an additive manufacturing system, the material comprising:
a water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer comprises between 5-50 mol % sodium 4-sulfostyrene as a sulfonated monomer and is a reaction product of an addition-type polymerization of the sulfonated monomer and at least one non-sulfonated monomer, wherein the thermoplastic copolymer comprises a primary chain of monomers and the polymerization of the sulfonated monomer occurs primarily on the primary chain, the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer being dispersible in tap water resulting in separation of the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer from the 3D part. 26. The material of claim 25, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises an unsaturated vinyl monomer. 27. The material of claim 25, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, polypropylene, α-olefins, isobutylene, dienes, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylonitrile and any combination of the previously mentioned monomers and their derivatives that are capable of forming copolymers. 28. The material of claim 25, comprising approximately 15 to 35 mole % sulfonated monomer. 29. The material of claim 27, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer is styrene and the copolymer is poly(sodium 4-sulfostyrene-co-styrene). 30. The material of claim 27, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises one or more styrenes selected from the group consisting of chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, bromostyrene, dibromo styrene, fluoro styrene, trifluorostyrene, nitrostyrene, cyanostyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-chloromethylstyrene, p-cyanostyrene, p-amino styrene, p-acetoxystyrene, p-styrenesulfonyl chloride, ethyl p-styrenesulfonyl, methyl p-styrenesulfonyl, propyl p-styrenesulfonyl, p-butoxy styrene, p-hydroxy styrene, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, 3-isopropenyl-α,α′-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride. 31. The material of claim 25, wherein a molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 50,000-200,000. 32. The material of claim 25, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer is substantially amorphous. 33. The material of claim 25, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer is at least semi-crystalline. 34. The material of claim 25, characterized by a charge density of at least about 0.4 meq./g, suitable to exhibit water solubility or water-dispersibility without the aid of any other solubility or dispersibility adjuvant. 35. The material of claim 29, wherein a mole ratio of sulfonated monomer to styrene is approximately 35:65, and the copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 110° C. 36. The material of claim 25, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer is dispersible in tap water in less than 1 hour. 37. A method of 3D printing comprising:
printing a part from a non-water-dispersible thermoplastic material, providing a water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material configured as a filament feedstock, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer comprises between 5-50 mol % sodium 4-sulfostyrene as a sulfonated monomer and is a reaction product of an addition-type polymerization of the sulfonated monomer and at least one non-sulfonated monomer, wherein the thermoplastic copolymer comprises a primary chain of monomers and the polymerization of the sulfonated monomer occurs primarily on the primary chain, and wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material has a heat deflection temperature within ±20° C. of the heat deflection temperature of the non-water-dispersible thermoplastic material; printing a support structure for the part from the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material by heating the feedstock to a melted state and extruding the copolymer material in a series of roads and layers that support the part being printed during the printing process; and separating the support structure from the part after the printing is complete by dissolving the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material with tap water. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises an unsaturated vinyl monomer. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, polypropylene, α-olefins, isobutylene, dienes, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylonitrile and any combination of the previously mentioned monomers and their derivatives that are capable of forming copolymers. 40. The method of claim 37 comprising approximately 20 to 35 mole % sulfonated monomer. 41. The method of claim 39 wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer is styrene, the copolymer is poly(sodium 4-sulfostyrene-co-styrene), and the non-water-dispersible thermoplastic material comprises one or more of ABS, ASA, and PS. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer is one or more styrenes selected from the group consisting of chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, bromostyrene, dibromostyrene, fluorostyrene, trifluorostyrene, nitrostyrene, cyanostyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-chloromethylstyrene, p-cyanostyrene, p-amino styrene, p-acetoxystyrene, p-styrenesulfonyl chloride, ethyl p-styrenesulfonyl, methyl p-styrenesulfonyl, propyl p-styrenesulfonyl, p-butoxystyrene, p-hydroxystyrene, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, 3-isopropenyl-α,α′-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein a mole ratio of sulfonated monomer to styrene is approximately 35:65, and the copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 110° C. 44. The method of claim 37, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated addition-type thermoplastic copolymer disperses in tap water in less than 1 hour. | A water-dispersible addition-type sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material for use as a consumable feedstock additive manufacturing, wherein the water-dispersible thermoplastic copolymer is a reaction product of an addition-type reaction of a metal sulfonated monomer, the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer being dispersible in tap water in less than one hour.1-24 (canceled) 25. A consumable material configured as a configured as a filament feedstockor a toner powder feedstock for use as a soluble support material for printing a 3D part in an additive manufacturing system, the material comprising:
a water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer comprises between 5-50 mol % sodium 4-sulfostyrene as a sulfonated monomer and is a reaction product of an addition-type polymerization of the sulfonated monomer and at least one non-sulfonated monomer, wherein the thermoplastic copolymer comprises a primary chain of monomers and the polymerization of the sulfonated monomer occurs primarily on the primary chain, the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer being dispersible in tap water resulting in separation of the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer from the 3D part. 26. The material of claim 25, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises an unsaturated vinyl monomer. 27. The material of claim 25, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, polypropylene, α-olefins, isobutylene, dienes, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylonitrile and any combination of the previously mentioned monomers and their derivatives that are capable of forming copolymers. 28. The material of claim 25, comprising approximately 15 to 35 mole % sulfonated monomer. 29. The material of claim 27, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer is styrene and the copolymer is poly(sodium 4-sulfostyrene-co-styrene). 30. The material of claim 27, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises one or more styrenes selected from the group consisting of chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, bromostyrene, dibromo styrene, fluoro styrene, trifluorostyrene, nitrostyrene, cyanostyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-chloromethylstyrene, p-cyanostyrene, p-amino styrene, p-acetoxystyrene, p-styrenesulfonyl chloride, ethyl p-styrenesulfonyl, methyl p-styrenesulfonyl, propyl p-styrenesulfonyl, p-butoxy styrene, p-hydroxy styrene, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, 3-isopropenyl-α,α′-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride. 31. The material of claim 25, wherein a molecular weight of the copolymer is approximately 50,000-200,000. 32. The material of claim 25, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer is substantially amorphous. 33. The material of claim 25, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer is at least semi-crystalline. 34. The material of claim 25, characterized by a charge density of at least about 0.4 meq./g, suitable to exhibit water solubility or water-dispersibility without the aid of any other solubility or dispersibility adjuvant. 35. The material of claim 29, wherein a mole ratio of sulfonated monomer to styrene is approximately 35:65, and the copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 110° C. 36. The material of claim 25, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer is dispersible in tap water in less than 1 hour. 37. A method of 3D printing comprising:
printing a part from a non-water-dispersible thermoplastic material, providing a water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material configured as a filament feedstock, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer comprises between 5-50 mol % sodium 4-sulfostyrene as a sulfonated monomer and is a reaction product of an addition-type polymerization of the sulfonated monomer and at least one non-sulfonated monomer, wherein the thermoplastic copolymer comprises a primary chain of monomers and the polymerization of the sulfonated monomer occurs primarily on the primary chain, and wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material has a heat deflection temperature within ±20° C. of the heat deflection temperature of the non-water-dispersible thermoplastic material; printing a support structure for the part from the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material by heating the feedstock to a melted state and extruding the copolymer material in a series of roads and layers that support the part being printed during the printing process; and separating the support structure from the part after the printing is complete by dissolving the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material with tap water. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises an unsaturated vinyl monomer. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer comprises styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, polypropylene, α-olefins, isobutylene, dienes, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylonitrile and any combination of the previously mentioned monomers and their derivatives that are capable of forming copolymers. 40. The method of claim 37 comprising approximately 20 to 35 mole % sulfonated monomer. 41. The method of claim 39 wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer is styrene, the copolymer is poly(sodium 4-sulfostyrene-co-styrene), and the non-water-dispersible thermoplastic material comprises one or more of ABS, ASA, and PS. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein the at least one non-sulfonated monomer is one or more styrenes selected from the group consisting of chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, bromostyrene, dibromostyrene, fluorostyrene, trifluorostyrene, nitrostyrene, cyanostyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-chloromethylstyrene, p-cyanostyrene, p-amino styrene, p-acetoxystyrene, p-styrenesulfonyl chloride, ethyl p-styrenesulfonyl, methyl p-styrenesulfonyl, propyl p-styrenesulfonyl, p-butoxystyrene, p-hydroxystyrene, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, 3-isopropenyl-α,α′-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein a mole ratio of sulfonated monomer to styrene is approximately 35:65, and the copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 110° C. 44. The method of claim 37, wherein the water-dispersible sulfonated addition-type thermoplastic copolymer disperses in tap water in less than 1 hour. | 2,800 |
345,386 | 16,643,303 | 2,832 | In a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire connection assembly in which HTS wires each including a HTS layer are connected to each other, a first HTS wire and a second HTS wire that face each other are connected to each other at a plurality of joint portions separated from each other along a longitudinal direction of the first HTS wire and the second HTS wire. Each of the plurality of joint portions may preferably have any one of a rectangle shape, a rounded rectangle shape, and an ellipse shape, and it is preferable to satisfy 0.1<L/W<1.5, and is more preferable to satisfy 0.25<L/W<0.75 when a length in the longitudinal direction of the HTS wire is taken as L and a length in a width direction of the HTS wire is taken as W. It is also preferable that W and/or L monotonously increase from upstream side toward downstream side along the longitudinal direction of the wire. | 1-5. (canceled) 6. A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire connection assembly in which HTS wires each including a HTS layer are connected to each other, wherein
a first HTS wire and a second HTS wire that face each other are superconductively connected to each other at a plurality of joint portions separated from each other along a longitudinal direction of the first HTS wire and the second HTS wire. 7. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 6,
wherein each of the plurality of joint portions has any one of a rectangle shape, a rounded rectangle shape, and an ellipse shape, and wherein, when a length in the longitudinal direction of the HTS wire is taken as L and a length in a width direction of the HTS wire is taken as W, 0.1<L/W<1.5 is satisfied. 8. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 7, wherein 0.25<L/W<0.75 is satisfied. 9. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 7, wherein W and/or L for the plurality of joint portions monotonously increase from upstream side toward downstream side along the longitudinal direction of the HTS wire. 10. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 6, wherein the HTS layer of the first HTS wire and the HTS layer of the second HTS wire are joined directly. 11. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 6, wherein the HTS layer of the first HTS wire and the HTS layer of the second HTS wire are joined via a high-temperature superconductor. | In a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire connection assembly in which HTS wires each including a HTS layer are connected to each other, a first HTS wire and a second HTS wire that face each other are connected to each other at a plurality of joint portions separated from each other along a longitudinal direction of the first HTS wire and the second HTS wire. Each of the plurality of joint portions may preferably have any one of a rectangle shape, a rounded rectangle shape, and an ellipse shape, and it is preferable to satisfy 0.1<L/W<1.5, and is more preferable to satisfy 0.25<L/W<0.75 when a length in the longitudinal direction of the HTS wire is taken as L and a length in a width direction of the HTS wire is taken as W. It is also preferable that W and/or L monotonously increase from upstream side toward downstream side along the longitudinal direction of the wire.1-5. (canceled) 6. A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire connection assembly in which HTS wires each including a HTS layer are connected to each other, wherein
a first HTS wire and a second HTS wire that face each other are superconductively connected to each other at a plurality of joint portions separated from each other along a longitudinal direction of the first HTS wire and the second HTS wire. 7. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 6,
wherein each of the plurality of joint portions has any one of a rectangle shape, a rounded rectangle shape, and an ellipse shape, and wherein, when a length in the longitudinal direction of the HTS wire is taken as L and a length in a width direction of the HTS wire is taken as W, 0.1<L/W<1.5 is satisfied. 8. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 7, wherein 0.25<L/W<0.75 is satisfied. 9. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 7, wherein W and/or L for the plurality of joint portions monotonously increase from upstream side toward downstream side along the longitudinal direction of the HTS wire. 10. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 6, wherein the HTS layer of the first HTS wire and the HTS layer of the second HTS wire are joined directly. 11. The HTS wire connection assembly according to claim 6, wherein the HTS layer of the first HTS wire and the HTS layer of the second HTS wire are joined via a high-temperature superconductor. | 2,800 |
345,387 | 16,643,265 | 2,832 | The present invention provides a method for producing pentosan polysulfate, the method including a first step of obtaining an acidic xylooligosaccharide from a plant-derived raw material, and a second step of obtaining pentosan polysulfate from the acidic xylooligosaccharide. The first step includes a step of depolymerizing the plant-derived raw material. The second step includes a step of sulfating the acidic xylooligosaccharide. The method further includes a deacetylation step of adding a base to achieve a pH of 11 or higher. The deacetylation step is a step performed after the depolymerization step. The production method of the present invention can provide pentosan polysulfate having a low acetyl group content, and also produce pentosan polysulfate with a high yield inexpensively and efficiently. | 1. A method for producing pentosan polysulfate, comprising
(i) depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material to obtain an acidic xylooligosaccharide from the plant-derived raw material, (ii) sulfating the acidic xylooligosaccharide to obtain pentosan polysulfate from the acidic xylooligosaccharide, and (iii) adding a base to achieve a pH of 11 or higher, 2. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises stirring a solution containing the acidic xylooligosaccharide at a pH of 11 or higher for 1 hour or more after adding the base. 3. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises stirring a solution containing the acidic xylooligosaccharide at a pH of 12 or higher for 0.5 hours or more after adding the base. 4. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the base is sodium hydroxide. 5. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the step (i) is performed under non-alkaline conditions. 6. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the step (i) is a heat treatment step. 7. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 6, wherein the heat treatment step is a step of heating to 120° C. or higher under non-alkaline conditions. 8. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived raw material is a wood-derived raw material. 9. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, further comprising a molecular weight adjustment step between the step (i) and the step (ii). 10. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 9, further comprising a post-molecular-weight-adjustment separation and purification step performed after the molecular weight adjustment step. 11. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the step (ii) further comprises a post-sulfation purification step performed after the sulfation step. 12. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 11, wherein the step (ii) further comprises a powdering step performed after the post-sulfation purification step. 13. A pentosan polysulfate produced by the production method according to claim 1. 14. The pentosan polysulfate according to claim 13, which has an acetyl group content of 0 to 2.0 mass %. 15. An anticoagulant comprising the pentosan polysulfate according to claim 13. 16. A method for producing pentosan polysulfate, comprising:
(A) heating a wood-derived raw material to obtain an acidic xylooligosaccharide, (B) adding sulfuric acid or a sulfuric acid derivative to the acidic xylooligosaccharide, and (C) adding a base to a solution containing the acidic xylooligosaccharide to achieve a pH of 11 or higher, wherein the step (C) is performed after the step (A). | The present invention provides a method for producing pentosan polysulfate, the method including a first step of obtaining an acidic xylooligosaccharide from a plant-derived raw material, and a second step of obtaining pentosan polysulfate from the acidic xylooligosaccharide. The first step includes a step of depolymerizing the plant-derived raw material. The second step includes a step of sulfating the acidic xylooligosaccharide. The method further includes a deacetylation step of adding a base to achieve a pH of 11 or higher. The deacetylation step is a step performed after the depolymerization step. The production method of the present invention can provide pentosan polysulfate having a low acetyl group content, and also produce pentosan polysulfate with a high yield inexpensively and efficiently.1. A method for producing pentosan polysulfate, comprising
(i) depolymerizing a plant-derived raw material to obtain an acidic xylooligosaccharide from the plant-derived raw material, (ii) sulfating the acidic xylooligosaccharide to obtain pentosan polysulfate from the acidic xylooligosaccharide, and (iii) adding a base to achieve a pH of 11 or higher, 2. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises stirring a solution containing the acidic xylooligosaccharide at a pH of 11 or higher for 1 hour or more after adding the base. 3. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises stirring a solution containing the acidic xylooligosaccharide at a pH of 12 or higher for 0.5 hours or more after adding the base. 4. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the base is sodium hydroxide. 5. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the step (i) is performed under non-alkaline conditions. 6. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the step (i) is a heat treatment step. 7. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 6, wherein the heat treatment step is a step of heating to 120° C. or higher under non-alkaline conditions. 8. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived raw material is a wood-derived raw material. 9. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, further comprising a molecular weight adjustment step between the step (i) and the step (ii). 10. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 9, further comprising a post-molecular-weight-adjustment separation and purification step performed after the molecular weight adjustment step. 11. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 1, wherein the step (ii) further comprises a post-sulfation purification step performed after the sulfation step. 12. The method for producing pentosan polysulfate according to claim 11, wherein the step (ii) further comprises a powdering step performed after the post-sulfation purification step. 13. A pentosan polysulfate produced by the production method according to claim 1. 14. The pentosan polysulfate according to claim 13, which has an acetyl group content of 0 to 2.0 mass %. 15. An anticoagulant comprising the pentosan polysulfate according to claim 13. 16. A method for producing pentosan polysulfate, comprising:
(A) heating a wood-derived raw material to obtain an acidic xylooligosaccharide, (B) adding sulfuric acid or a sulfuric acid derivative to the acidic xylooligosaccharide, and (C) adding a base to a solution containing the acidic xylooligosaccharide to achieve a pH of 11 or higher, wherein the step (C) is performed after the step (A). | 2,800 |
345,388 | 16,643,313 | 2,832 | The key switch includes, a base, a button attached to the base so as to be capable of coming into contact with the base and separating from the base, and a coil spring disposed between the base and the button for urging the button in a direction separating from the base. The coil spring has at least an end turn portion formed at one end, a densely wound portion that is continuous with the end turn portion and compressed in an initial state in which the button is attached to the base so that adjacent windings come into contact with each other, and a coarsely wound portion which is continuous with the densely wound portion and in which a winding pitch is larger than that of the densely wound portion, and in the initial state, adjacent windings are separated from each other. | 1. The key switch comprising:
a base; a button attached to the base so as to be capable of coming into contact with the base and separating from the base; and a coil spring disposed between the base and the button for urging the button in a direction separating from the base, wherein the coil spring has at least an end turn portion formed at one end, a densely wound portion that is continuous with the end turn portion and compressed in an initial state in which the button is attached to the base so that adjacent windings come into contact with each other, and a coarsely wound portion which is continuous with the densely wound portion and in which a winding pitch is larger than that of the densely wound portion, and in the initial state, adjacent windings are separated from each other. 2. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the coil spring comprises an end turn portion at other end. 3. The key switch according to claim 2, wherein the coil spring comprises a densely wound portion between the end turn portion at the other end and the coarsely wound portion. 4. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the end turn portion formed at one end or other end of the coil spring is configured by two or more windings. 5. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein a number of windings of the end turn portion and a number of windings of the densely wound portion are equal. 6. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the end turn portion contacts the button. 7. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the end turn portion is in contact with the base. 8. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the coil spring is disposed outside a light guide space formed between the button and the base. | The key switch includes, a base, a button attached to the base so as to be capable of coming into contact with the base and separating from the base, and a coil spring disposed between the base and the button for urging the button in a direction separating from the base. The coil spring has at least an end turn portion formed at one end, a densely wound portion that is continuous with the end turn portion and compressed in an initial state in which the button is attached to the base so that adjacent windings come into contact with each other, and a coarsely wound portion which is continuous with the densely wound portion and in which a winding pitch is larger than that of the densely wound portion, and in the initial state, adjacent windings are separated from each other.1. The key switch comprising:
a base; a button attached to the base so as to be capable of coming into contact with the base and separating from the base; and a coil spring disposed between the base and the button for urging the button in a direction separating from the base, wherein the coil spring has at least an end turn portion formed at one end, a densely wound portion that is continuous with the end turn portion and compressed in an initial state in which the button is attached to the base so that adjacent windings come into contact with each other, and a coarsely wound portion which is continuous with the densely wound portion and in which a winding pitch is larger than that of the densely wound portion, and in the initial state, adjacent windings are separated from each other. 2. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the coil spring comprises an end turn portion at other end. 3. The key switch according to claim 2, wherein the coil spring comprises a densely wound portion between the end turn portion at the other end and the coarsely wound portion. 4. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the end turn portion formed at one end or other end of the coil spring is configured by two or more windings. 5. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein a number of windings of the end turn portion and a number of windings of the densely wound portion are equal. 6. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the end turn portion contacts the button. 7. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the end turn portion is in contact with the base. 8. The key switch according to claim 1, wherein the coil spring is disposed outside a light guide space formed between the button and the base. | 2,800 |
345,389 | 16,643,298 | 2,832 | A non-destructive inspection method of inspecting an inspection target using multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means that include one non-destructive inspection means and at least one other non-destructive inspection means. The method includes determining a marking position on the inspection target in a detection result by the one non-destructive inspection means, causing a device to store the marking position, and fixedly forming a mark on the inspection target corresponding to the marking position. The mark is detectable by the other non-destructive inspection means. The method further includes causing the other non-destructive inspection means to inspect an inspection target including the mark. The method further includes contrasting detection results by the multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means in reference to the mark which is the marking position. | 1. A non-destructive inspection method of inspecting an inspection target using multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means that include one non-destructive inspection means and at least one other non-destructive inspection means, the method comprising:
determining a marking position on the inspection target in a detection result by the one non-destructive inspection means, causing a device to store the marking position, and fixedly forming a mark on the inspection target corresponding to the marking position, the mark being detectable by the other non-destructive inspection means, causing the other non-destructive inspection means to inspect an inspection target including the mark, and, contrasting detection results by the multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means in reference to the mark which is the marking position. 2. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, further comprising, after specifying a peculiar portion in reference to the marking position and based on the detection result by the one non-destructive inspection means, causing the other non-destructive inspection means to intensively inspect the peculiar portion. 3. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, further comprising, after allocating information that is not related to position reference for the mark and after fixedly forming the mark that holds the information on the inspection target, reading the information from a detection result by the other non-destructive inspection means. 4. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means include two or more of an X-ray imaging means, a magnetic field distribution measurement means, a thermography imaging means, and a hardness measurement means. 5. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 4, wherein the multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means include an X-ray Talbot imaging device as the X-ray imaging means. 6. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein
the other non-destructive inspection means includes the magnetic field distribution measurement means, and the mark is formed of a material including a magnetic material. | A non-destructive inspection method of inspecting an inspection target using multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means that include one non-destructive inspection means and at least one other non-destructive inspection means. The method includes determining a marking position on the inspection target in a detection result by the one non-destructive inspection means, causing a device to store the marking position, and fixedly forming a mark on the inspection target corresponding to the marking position. The mark is detectable by the other non-destructive inspection means. The method further includes causing the other non-destructive inspection means to inspect an inspection target including the mark. The method further includes contrasting detection results by the multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means in reference to the mark which is the marking position.1. A non-destructive inspection method of inspecting an inspection target using multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means that include one non-destructive inspection means and at least one other non-destructive inspection means, the method comprising:
determining a marking position on the inspection target in a detection result by the one non-destructive inspection means, causing a device to store the marking position, and fixedly forming a mark on the inspection target corresponding to the marking position, the mark being detectable by the other non-destructive inspection means, causing the other non-destructive inspection means to inspect an inspection target including the mark, and, contrasting detection results by the multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means in reference to the mark which is the marking position. 2. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, further comprising, after specifying a peculiar portion in reference to the marking position and based on the detection result by the one non-destructive inspection means, causing the other non-destructive inspection means to intensively inspect the peculiar portion. 3. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, further comprising, after allocating information that is not related to position reference for the mark and after fixedly forming the mark that holds the information on the inspection target, reading the information from a detection result by the other non-destructive inspection means. 4. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means include two or more of an X-ray imaging means, a magnetic field distribution measurement means, a thermography imaging means, and a hardness measurement means. 5. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 4, wherein the multiple different types of non-destructive inspection means include an X-ray Talbot imaging device as the X-ray imaging means. 6. The non-destructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein
the other non-destructive inspection means includes the magnetic field distribution measurement means, and the mark is formed of a material including a magnetic material. | 2,800 |
345,390 | 16,643,310 | 2,832 | A video streaming playback system is provided that enables video hosting website operators and content creators to obtain revenue. The system includes a video playback module, a tipping module, a video download button/link display module, an ad module, and a video provision options control module. The video provision options control module provides options regarding (1) whether to operate the tipping module to accept tips, (2) whether to operate the download button/link display module to permit videos to be downloaded, and (3) whether to operate the ad module to display ads to the user who is a video provider. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A video streaming playback system comprising:
a video playback module, configured to provide a video that was previously uploaded to a specific video hosting site by a user who is a content creator on a user interface displayed on a computer of a user who is a content consumer so as to enable streaming playback of the video over an electronic network, the video playback module having a video playback operation to allow the video to be played on the user interface; a tipping module configured to operate in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module, the tipping module configured to perform a tipping process; a video download button/link display module configured to operate in tandem with the tipping process performed by the tipping module; the video streaming playback system further comprising: a setup interface configured for the user who is a content creator to select permission or non-permission of downloading the video which the user who is a content creator has uploaded; wherein the tipping module comprises:
a tipping button/link display module configured to display an activated tipping button/link on the user interface; and
a tip processing module configured to, in response to the user who is a content consumer operating the activated tipping button/link, process payment of a tip of a specific amount according to a default setting or a setting made by the user who is a content creator;
wherein the video download button/link display module is configured to, in response to a tip payment process being executed for the video,
display an activated video download button/link on the user interface and enable the video for which the tip has been paid to be downloaded to the computer of the user who is a content consumer when the downloading of the video upon payment of a tip is permitted by the user who is a content creator through the aforementioned selection, and
not display an activated video download button/link on the user interface when the downloading of the video upon payment of a tip is not permitted by the user who is a content creator through the aforementioned selection. 10. The video streaming playback system according to claim 9, wherein the system further comprises:
an ad module configured to operate in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module; and a video provision options control module for allowing the user who is a content creator to select options pertaining to the operation of the tipping module, the video download button/link display module, the video download button/link display module, and the ad module; wherein the video provision options control module provides a setup interface configured to display, to the user who is a content creator, options of:
(1) whether to operate the tipping module to accept tips,
(2) whether to operate the download button/link display module to permit videos to be downloaded, and
(3) whether to operate the ad module to display ads,
enables the selection of option (2) and prohibits the selection of option (3) and the operation of the ad module when a selection to accept tips has been made for option (1), and prohibits the operation of the tipping module and the video download button/link display module and enables the selection of option (3) when a selection not to accept tips has been made for option (1); and wherein the ad module displays, in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module, a specific ad on the user interface before and/or during the video playback when the option (3) is selected. 11. The video streaming playback system according to claim 10, wherein:
the tipping module further comprises a video rating generation module configured to, in response to the tipping process being executed for the video, generate a rating for the video, associate the rating with the video, and store the rating so as to be displayable to all users who are content consumers on the user interface; and the video provision options control module displays a video rating generated by the video rating generation module on the user interface when a selection to accept tips has been made in the setup interface. 12. The video streaming playback system according to claim 11, wherein:
the video rating generation module calculates a tipping frequency (payment count÷view count), and generates the video rating on the basis of the tipping frequency. 13. The video streaming playback system according to claim 11, wherein:
the video rating is displayed on the user interface so as to be displayable to all users who are content consumers in the form of a number (numerical value) or stars (number of stars). 14. A video streaming playback method that uses a video streaming playback system including (i) a video playback module for providing a video that was previously uploaded to a specific video hosting site by a user who is a content creator on a user interface displayed on a computer of a user who is a content consumer so as to enable streaming playback of the video over an electronic network, the video playback module having a video playback operation to allow the video to be played on the user interface; (ii) a tipping module that operates in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module, the tipping module configured to perform a tipping process; and (iii) a video download button/link display module configured to operate in tandem with the tipping process performed by the tipping module;
the video streaming playback method comprising: a step, executed by the video streaming playback system, of providing a setup interface configured for the user who is a content creator to select permission or non-permission of downloading the video which the user who is a content creator has uploaded; steps, executed by the tipping module, of displaying an activated tipping button/link on the user interface; and in response to the user who is a content consumer operating the activated tipping button/link, processing payment of a tip of a specific amount according to a default setting or a setting made by the user who is a content creator; and a step, executed by the video download button/link display module, of: in response to a tip payment process being executed for the video, displaying an activated video download button/link on the user interface and enabling the video for which the tip has been paid to be downloaded to the computer of the user who is a content consumer when the downloading of the video upon payment of a tip is permitted by the user who is a content creator through the aforementioned selection; wherein an activated video download button/link is not displayed on the user interface when the downloading of the video upon payment of a tip is not permitted by the user who is a content creator through the aforementioned selection. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the video streaming playback system further comprises (iv) an ad module configured to operate in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module; and (v) a video provision options control module configured to enable the user who is a content creator to select options pertaining to the operation of the tipping module, the video download button/link display module, the video download button/link display module, and the ad module;
the video streaming playback method further comprising: steps, executed by the video provision options control module, of
providing a setup interface to display options of:
(1) whether to operate the tipping module to accept tips;
(2) whether to operate the download button/link display module to permit videos to be downloaded; and
(3) whether to operate the ad module to display ads;
enabling the selection of option (2) and prohibiting the selection of option (3) and the operation of the ad module when a selection to accept tips has been made for option (1); and
prohibiting the operation of the tipping module and the video download button/link display module and enabling the selection of option (3) when a selection not to accept tips has been made for option (1); and
a step, executed by the ad module, of displaying, in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module, a specific ad on the user interface before and/or during the video playback when the option (3) is selected. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein:
the tipping module comprises a video rating generation module in which, in response to the tipping process being executed for the video, a rating is generated for the video, associated with the video, and stored so as to be displayable to all users who are content consumers on the user interface; and the video provision options control module comprises a step of displaying a video rating generated by the video rating generation module on the user interface when a selection to accept tips has been made as a selection on the setup interface. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the video rating generation module comprises a step of calculating a tipping frequency (payment count÷view count), and generating the video rating on the basis of the tipping frequency. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the video rating is displayed on the user interface so as to be displayable to all users who are content consumers in the form of a number (numerical value) or stars (number of stars). | A video streaming playback system is provided that enables video hosting website operators and content creators to obtain revenue. The system includes a video playback module, a tipping module, a video download button/link display module, an ad module, and a video provision options control module. The video provision options control module provides options regarding (1) whether to operate the tipping module to accept tips, (2) whether to operate the download button/link display module to permit videos to be downloaded, and (3) whether to operate the ad module to display ads to the user who is a video provider.1-8. (canceled) 9. A video streaming playback system comprising:
a video playback module, configured to provide a video that was previously uploaded to a specific video hosting site by a user who is a content creator on a user interface displayed on a computer of a user who is a content consumer so as to enable streaming playback of the video over an electronic network, the video playback module having a video playback operation to allow the video to be played on the user interface; a tipping module configured to operate in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module, the tipping module configured to perform a tipping process; a video download button/link display module configured to operate in tandem with the tipping process performed by the tipping module; the video streaming playback system further comprising: a setup interface configured for the user who is a content creator to select permission or non-permission of downloading the video which the user who is a content creator has uploaded; wherein the tipping module comprises:
a tipping button/link display module configured to display an activated tipping button/link on the user interface; and
a tip processing module configured to, in response to the user who is a content consumer operating the activated tipping button/link, process payment of a tip of a specific amount according to a default setting or a setting made by the user who is a content creator;
wherein the video download button/link display module is configured to, in response to a tip payment process being executed for the video,
display an activated video download button/link on the user interface and enable the video for which the tip has been paid to be downloaded to the computer of the user who is a content consumer when the downloading of the video upon payment of a tip is permitted by the user who is a content creator through the aforementioned selection, and
not display an activated video download button/link on the user interface when the downloading of the video upon payment of a tip is not permitted by the user who is a content creator through the aforementioned selection. 10. The video streaming playback system according to claim 9, wherein the system further comprises:
an ad module configured to operate in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module; and a video provision options control module for allowing the user who is a content creator to select options pertaining to the operation of the tipping module, the video download button/link display module, the video download button/link display module, and the ad module; wherein the video provision options control module provides a setup interface configured to display, to the user who is a content creator, options of:
(1) whether to operate the tipping module to accept tips,
(2) whether to operate the download button/link display module to permit videos to be downloaded, and
(3) whether to operate the ad module to display ads,
enables the selection of option (2) and prohibits the selection of option (3) and the operation of the ad module when a selection to accept tips has been made for option (1), and prohibits the operation of the tipping module and the video download button/link display module and enables the selection of option (3) when a selection not to accept tips has been made for option (1); and wherein the ad module displays, in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module, a specific ad on the user interface before and/or during the video playback when the option (3) is selected. 11. The video streaming playback system according to claim 10, wherein:
the tipping module further comprises a video rating generation module configured to, in response to the tipping process being executed for the video, generate a rating for the video, associate the rating with the video, and store the rating so as to be displayable to all users who are content consumers on the user interface; and the video provision options control module displays a video rating generated by the video rating generation module on the user interface when a selection to accept tips has been made in the setup interface. 12. The video streaming playback system according to claim 11, wherein:
the video rating generation module calculates a tipping frequency (payment count÷view count), and generates the video rating on the basis of the tipping frequency. 13. The video streaming playback system according to claim 11, wherein:
the video rating is displayed on the user interface so as to be displayable to all users who are content consumers in the form of a number (numerical value) or stars (number of stars). 14. A video streaming playback method that uses a video streaming playback system including (i) a video playback module for providing a video that was previously uploaded to a specific video hosting site by a user who is a content creator on a user interface displayed on a computer of a user who is a content consumer so as to enable streaming playback of the video over an electronic network, the video playback module having a video playback operation to allow the video to be played on the user interface; (ii) a tipping module that operates in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module, the tipping module configured to perform a tipping process; and (iii) a video download button/link display module configured to operate in tandem with the tipping process performed by the tipping module;
the video streaming playback method comprising: a step, executed by the video streaming playback system, of providing a setup interface configured for the user who is a content creator to select permission or non-permission of downloading the video which the user who is a content creator has uploaded; steps, executed by the tipping module, of displaying an activated tipping button/link on the user interface; and in response to the user who is a content consumer operating the activated tipping button/link, processing payment of a tip of a specific amount according to a default setting or a setting made by the user who is a content creator; and a step, executed by the video download button/link display module, of: in response to a tip payment process being executed for the video, displaying an activated video download button/link on the user interface and enabling the video for which the tip has been paid to be downloaded to the computer of the user who is a content consumer when the downloading of the video upon payment of a tip is permitted by the user who is a content creator through the aforementioned selection; wherein an activated video download button/link is not displayed on the user interface when the downloading of the video upon payment of a tip is not permitted by the user who is a content creator through the aforementioned selection. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the video streaming playback system further comprises (iv) an ad module configured to operate in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module; and (v) a video provision options control module configured to enable the user who is a content creator to select options pertaining to the operation of the tipping module, the video download button/link display module, the video download button/link display module, and the ad module;
the video streaming playback method further comprising: steps, executed by the video provision options control module, of
providing a setup interface to display options of:
(1) whether to operate the tipping module to accept tips;
(2) whether to operate the download button/link display module to permit videos to be downloaded; and
(3) whether to operate the ad module to display ads;
enabling the selection of option (2) and prohibiting the selection of option (3) and the operation of the ad module when a selection to accept tips has been made for option (1); and
prohibiting the operation of the tipping module and the video download button/link display module and enabling the selection of option (3) when a selection not to accept tips has been made for option (1); and
a step, executed by the ad module, of displaying, in tandem with the video playback operation performed by the video playback module, a specific ad on the user interface before and/or during the video playback when the option (3) is selected. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein:
the tipping module comprises a video rating generation module in which, in response to the tipping process being executed for the video, a rating is generated for the video, associated with the video, and stored so as to be displayable to all users who are content consumers on the user interface; and the video provision options control module comprises a step of displaying a video rating generated by the video rating generation module on the user interface when a selection to accept tips has been made as a selection on the setup interface. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the video rating generation module comprises a step of calculating a tipping frequency (payment count÷view count), and generating the video rating on the basis of the tipping frequency. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the video rating is displayed on the user interface so as to be displayable to all users who are content consumers in the form of a number (numerical value) or stars (number of stars). | 2,800 |
345,391 | 16,643,317 | 2,832 | A luminance compensation method is configured to compensate luminance of a plurality of sub-pixels included in a display device. The luminance compensation method includes a curve generation and update process and a compensation process for each sub-pixel to be compensated. The curve generation and update process includes: detecting an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in real time; and generating an actual luminance curve showing how the actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated changes as a gray-scale value changes according to actual luminance values detected in real-time, and updating the actual luminance curve. The compensation process includes: obtaining an ideal luminance value corresponding to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated, the ideal luminance value being a luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated after the gray-scale value is input to the sub-pixel to be compensated in a case where a light-emitting device in the sub-pixel to be compensated is not aged; and calculating a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the obtained ideal luminance value according to the actual luminance curve of the sub-pixel to be compensated, the gray-scale value being used as a gray-scale value that will actually be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated. | 1. A luminance compensation method configured to compensate luminance of a plurality of sub-pixels included in a display device, the luminance compensation method comprising a curve generation and update process and a compensation process for each sub-pixel to be compensated, wherein
the curve generation and update process includes:
detecting an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in real time;
generating an actual luminance curve showing how the actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated changes as a gray-scale value changes according to actual luminance values detected in real time; and
updating the actual luminance curve; the compensation process includes:
obtaining an ideal luminance value corresponding to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated, the ideal luminance value being a luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated after the gray-scale value is input to the sub-pixel to be compensated in a case where a light-emitting device in the sub-pixel to be compensated is not aged; and
calculating a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the obtained ideal luminance value according to the actual luminance curve of the sub-pixel to be compensated, the gray-scale value being used as a gray-scale value that will actually be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated. 2. The luminance compensation method according to claim 1, wherein updating the actual luminance curve, includes:
updating the actual luminance curve according to at least one actual luminance valve detected in real time. 3. The luminance compensation method according to claim 2, wherein generating an actual luminance curve showing how the actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated changes as a gray-scale value changes according to actual luminance values detected in real time, includes:
setting at least two marked gray-scale values; converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value; determining whether the corresponding gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected in real time is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values:
if the corresponding gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected in real time is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, recording the actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value and proceeding to a next step; and
if the corresponding gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected in real time is not one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value; and
determining whether actual luminance values have been recorded for the at least two marked gray-scale values:
if actual luminance values have been recorded for the at least two marked gray-scale values, performing a curve fitting according to the at least two marked gray-scale values and respective corresponding actual luminance values, so as to generate the actual luminance curve; and
if actual luminance values have not been recorded for the at least two marked gray-scale values, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value. 4. The luminance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein updating the actual luminance curve according to the actual luminance values detected in real time, includes:
determining whether a gray-scale value converted from an actual luminance value detected at a current moment is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values:
if the gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected at a current moment is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, updating an actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve to an actual luminance value detected at the current moment and proceeding to a next step; and
if the gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected at a current moment is not one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value;
performing a curve refitting according to the marked gray-scale value and a corresponding updated actual luminance value, and at least one other marked gray-scale value and its corresponding actual luminance value, so as to obtain an updated actual luminance curve; and returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value. 5. The luminance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein updating the actual luminance curve according to the actual luminance values detected in real time, includes:
determining whether a gray-scale value converted from an actual luminance value detected at a current moment is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values: if the gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected at a current moment is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, determining whether the actual luminance value detected at the current moment is equal to an actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve:
if the actual luminance value detected at the current moment is not equal to the actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve, updating the actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve to the actual luminance value detected at the current moment and proceeding to a next step;
if the actual luminance value detected at the current moment is equal to the actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value; and
if the gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected at the current moment is not one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value; performing a curve refitting according to the marked gray-scale value and a corresponding updated actual luminance value, and at least one other marked gray-scale value and its corresponding actual luminance value, so as to obtain an updated actual luminance curve; and returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value. 6. The luminance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein performing a curve fitting includes:
using the at least two marked gray-scale values and respective corresponding actual luminance values as multiple points on an actual luminance curve to be fitted; using a linear function to perform a fitting to obtain a line segment between every two adjacent points; and generating the actual luminance curve according to all obtained line segments. 7. The luminance compensation method according to claim 6, wherein calculating a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the obtained ideal luminance value according to the actual luminance curve of the sub-pixel to be compensated, includes:
determining a point corresponding to the obtained ideal luminance value on the actual luminance curve; determining an expression of a function of a portion where the point is located of the actual luminance curve; and calculating a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the ideal luminance value according to the determined expression of the function. 8. The luminance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein a number of the marked gray-scale values is greater than or equal to 2, and less than or equal to a maximum number of gray-scale values displayable by the sub-pixel to be compensated. 9. The luminance compensation method according to claim 1, wherein detecting an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in real time, includes:
obtaining luminance data sensed by a photosensitive member corresponding to the sub-pixel to be compensated at least twice in a time of a frame, so as to obtain at least two sets of luminance data; determining a sensing time corresponding to each set of luminance data; estimating an estimated luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated at a current moment in a current frame according to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment; estimating an estimated sensing time required for the photosensitive member corresponding to the sub-pixel to be compensated to obtain luminance data corresponding to the estimated luminance value; selecting a set of luminance data with a sensing time closest to the estimated sensing time from the at least two sets of luminance data, and determining an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in the current frame according to the set of luminance data. 10. The luminance compensation method according to claim 9, wherein the luminance data is sensed 3 to 6 times in the time of a frame, so as to obtain 3 to 6 sets of luminance data. 11. The luminance compensation method according to claim 1, wherein detecting an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in real time, includes:
estimating an estimated luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated at a current moment in a current frame according to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment; estimating an estimated sensing time required for the photosensitive member corresponding to the sub-pixel to be compensated to obtain luminance data corresponding to the estimated luminance value; obtaining luminance data sensed by the photosensitive member corresponding to the sub-pixel to be compensated at a moment after the estimated sensing time passes since a starting moment of the current frame, and determining an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in the current frame according to the luminance data. 12. The luminance compensation method according to claim 9, wherein estimating an estimated luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated at a current moment in a current frame according to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment includes:
determining whether an actual luminance curve has been generated for the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment; if an actual luminance curve has been generated for the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment, obtaining an actual luminance value corresponding to the gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment according to the actual luminance curve at the current moment, the obtained actual luminance value being used as the estimated luminance value; and if an actual luminance curve has not been generated for the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment, obtaining an ideal luminance value corresponding to the gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment according to an ideal luminance curve, the obtained ideal luminance value being used as the estimated luminance value. 13. The luminance compensation method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining an ideal luminance value corresponding to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated, includes:
reading a pre-stored ideal luminance curve showing how the ideal luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated changes as the gray-scale value changes, and obtaining the ideal luminance value corresponding to the gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated. 14. The luminance compensation method according to claim 13, further comprising:
generating the ideal luminance curve which includes: under a condition where the light-emitting device in the sub-pixel to be compensated is not aged, detecting ideal luminance values of the sub-pixel to be compensated at different gray-scales to obtain at least two sets of data indicating a correspondence between gray-scale values and ideal luminance values; and performing a curve fitting according to the at least two sets of data indicating the correspondence between the gray-scale values and the ideal luminance values, so as to obtain the ideal luminance curve. 15. A luminance compensation apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of photosensitive members that are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of sub-pixels of a display device, each photosensitive member being configured to sense luminance of a corresponding sub-pixel in real time and output luminance data; a processor connected to the plurality of photosensitive members, the processor being configured to receive luminance data output from each photosensitive member, determine an actual luminance value of the corresponding sub-pixel in real time, generate an actual luminance curve showing how the actual luminance value of each sub-pixel changes as a gray-scale value changes, and update the actual luminance curve; and a memory connected to the processor, the memory being configured to store a latest actual luminance curve of each sub-pixel and an ideal luminance curve of each sub-pixel showing how an ideal luminance value of each sub-pixel changes as the gray-scale value changes, the ideal luminance value being a luminance value of a corresponding sub-pixel in a case where a light-emitting device in the sub-pixel is not aged, wherein the processor is further configured to: obtain an ideal luminance value corresponding to a gray-scale value to be input to the corresponding sub-pixel according to the ideal luminance curve of each sub-pixel, and calculate a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the obtained ideal luminance value according to the actual luminance curve of the corresponding sub-pixel, wherein the gray-scale value is used as a gray-scale value that will actually be input to the corresponding sub-pixel. 16. The luminance compensation apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the processor is further configured to: obtain luminance data sensed by a photosensitive member corresponding to each sub-pixel at least twice in a time of a frame so as to obtain at least two sets of luminance data, select one set of luminance data from the at least two sets of luminance data, and determine an actual luminance value of the corresponding sub-pixel in a current frame according to the selected one set of luminance data. 17. A computer program product, comprising instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute one or more steps of the luminance compensation method according to claim 1. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that are configured to perform one or more steps of the luminance compensation method according to claim 1. 19. A display device, comprising the luminance compensation apparatus according to claim 15. 20. A display substrate, comprising:
a plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of photosensitive members that are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of sub-pixels, each photosensitive member being configured to sense luminance of a corresponding sub-pixel in real time; a plurality of driving lines, each driving line being connected to an input terminal of at least one photosensitive member of the plurality of photosensitive members, and each driving line being configured to drive corresponding at least one photosensitive member to sense luminance; and a plurality of sensing lines, each sensing line being connected to an output terminal of at least one photosensitive member of the plurality of photosensitive members, and each sensing line being configured to collect luminance data sensed by corresponding at least one photosensitive member. | A luminance compensation method is configured to compensate luminance of a plurality of sub-pixels included in a display device. The luminance compensation method includes a curve generation and update process and a compensation process for each sub-pixel to be compensated. The curve generation and update process includes: detecting an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in real time; and generating an actual luminance curve showing how the actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated changes as a gray-scale value changes according to actual luminance values detected in real-time, and updating the actual luminance curve. The compensation process includes: obtaining an ideal luminance value corresponding to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated, the ideal luminance value being a luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated after the gray-scale value is input to the sub-pixel to be compensated in a case where a light-emitting device in the sub-pixel to be compensated is not aged; and calculating a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the obtained ideal luminance value according to the actual luminance curve of the sub-pixel to be compensated, the gray-scale value being used as a gray-scale value that will actually be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated.1. A luminance compensation method configured to compensate luminance of a plurality of sub-pixels included in a display device, the luminance compensation method comprising a curve generation and update process and a compensation process for each sub-pixel to be compensated, wherein
the curve generation and update process includes:
detecting an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in real time;
generating an actual luminance curve showing how the actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated changes as a gray-scale value changes according to actual luminance values detected in real time; and
updating the actual luminance curve; the compensation process includes:
obtaining an ideal luminance value corresponding to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated, the ideal luminance value being a luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated after the gray-scale value is input to the sub-pixel to be compensated in a case where a light-emitting device in the sub-pixel to be compensated is not aged; and
calculating a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the obtained ideal luminance value according to the actual luminance curve of the sub-pixel to be compensated, the gray-scale value being used as a gray-scale value that will actually be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated. 2. The luminance compensation method according to claim 1, wherein updating the actual luminance curve, includes:
updating the actual luminance curve according to at least one actual luminance valve detected in real time. 3. The luminance compensation method according to claim 2, wherein generating an actual luminance curve showing how the actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated changes as a gray-scale value changes according to actual luminance values detected in real time, includes:
setting at least two marked gray-scale values; converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value; determining whether the corresponding gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected in real time is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values:
if the corresponding gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected in real time is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, recording the actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value and proceeding to a next step; and
if the corresponding gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected in real time is not one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value; and
determining whether actual luminance values have been recorded for the at least two marked gray-scale values:
if actual luminance values have been recorded for the at least two marked gray-scale values, performing a curve fitting according to the at least two marked gray-scale values and respective corresponding actual luminance values, so as to generate the actual luminance curve; and
if actual luminance values have not been recorded for the at least two marked gray-scale values, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value. 4. The luminance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein updating the actual luminance curve according to the actual luminance values detected in real time, includes:
determining whether a gray-scale value converted from an actual luminance value detected at a current moment is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values:
if the gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected at a current moment is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, updating an actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve to an actual luminance value detected at the current moment and proceeding to a next step; and
if the gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected at a current moment is not one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value;
performing a curve refitting according to the marked gray-scale value and a corresponding updated actual luminance value, and at least one other marked gray-scale value and its corresponding actual luminance value, so as to obtain an updated actual luminance curve; and returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value. 5. The luminance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein updating the actual luminance curve according to the actual luminance values detected in real time, includes:
determining whether a gray-scale value converted from an actual luminance value detected at a current moment is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values: if the gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected at a current moment is one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, determining whether the actual luminance value detected at the current moment is equal to an actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve:
if the actual luminance value detected at the current moment is not equal to the actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve, updating the actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve to the actual luminance value detected at the current moment and proceeding to a next step;
if the actual luminance value detected at the current moment is equal to the actual luminance value corresponding to the marked gray-scale value on the actual luminance curve, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value; and
if the gray-scale value converted from the actual luminance value detected at the current moment is not one marked gray-scale value of the at least two marked gray-scale values, returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value; performing a curve refitting according to the marked gray-scale value and a corresponding updated actual luminance value, and at least one other marked gray-scale value and its corresponding actual luminance value, so as to obtain an updated actual luminance curve; and returning to the step of converting an actual luminance value detected in real time to a corresponding gray-scale value. 6. The luminance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein performing a curve fitting includes:
using the at least two marked gray-scale values and respective corresponding actual luminance values as multiple points on an actual luminance curve to be fitted; using a linear function to perform a fitting to obtain a line segment between every two adjacent points; and generating the actual luminance curve according to all obtained line segments. 7. The luminance compensation method according to claim 6, wherein calculating a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the obtained ideal luminance value according to the actual luminance curve of the sub-pixel to be compensated, includes:
determining a point corresponding to the obtained ideal luminance value on the actual luminance curve; determining an expression of a function of a portion where the point is located of the actual luminance curve; and calculating a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the ideal luminance value according to the determined expression of the function. 8. The luminance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein a number of the marked gray-scale values is greater than or equal to 2, and less than or equal to a maximum number of gray-scale values displayable by the sub-pixel to be compensated. 9. The luminance compensation method according to claim 1, wherein detecting an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in real time, includes:
obtaining luminance data sensed by a photosensitive member corresponding to the sub-pixel to be compensated at least twice in a time of a frame, so as to obtain at least two sets of luminance data; determining a sensing time corresponding to each set of luminance data; estimating an estimated luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated at a current moment in a current frame according to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment; estimating an estimated sensing time required for the photosensitive member corresponding to the sub-pixel to be compensated to obtain luminance data corresponding to the estimated luminance value; selecting a set of luminance data with a sensing time closest to the estimated sensing time from the at least two sets of luminance data, and determining an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in the current frame according to the set of luminance data. 10. The luminance compensation method according to claim 9, wherein the luminance data is sensed 3 to 6 times in the time of a frame, so as to obtain 3 to 6 sets of luminance data. 11. The luminance compensation method according to claim 1, wherein detecting an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in real time, includes:
estimating an estimated luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated at a current moment in a current frame according to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment; estimating an estimated sensing time required for the photosensitive member corresponding to the sub-pixel to be compensated to obtain luminance data corresponding to the estimated luminance value; obtaining luminance data sensed by the photosensitive member corresponding to the sub-pixel to be compensated at a moment after the estimated sensing time passes since a starting moment of the current frame, and determining an actual luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated in the current frame according to the luminance data. 12. The luminance compensation method according to claim 9, wherein estimating an estimated luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated at a current moment in a current frame according to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment includes:
determining whether an actual luminance curve has been generated for the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment; if an actual luminance curve has been generated for the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment, obtaining an actual luminance value corresponding to the gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment according to the actual luminance curve at the current moment, the obtained actual luminance value being used as the estimated luminance value; and if an actual luminance curve has not been generated for the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment, obtaining an ideal luminance value corresponding to the gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated at the current moment according to an ideal luminance curve, the obtained ideal luminance value being used as the estimated luminance value. 13. The luminance compensation method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining an ideal luminance value corresponding to a gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated, includes:
reading a pre-stored ideal luminance curve showing how the ideal luminance value of the sub-pixel to be compensated changes as the gray-scale value changes, and obtaining the ideal luminance value corresponding to the gray-scale value to be input to the sub-pixel to be compensated. 14. The luminance compensation method according to claim 13, further comprising:
generating the ideal luminance curve which includes: under a condition where the light-emitting device in the sub-pixel to be compensated is not aged, detecting ideal luminance values of the sub-pixel to be compensated at different gray-scales to obtain at least two sets of data indicating a correspondence between gray-scale values and ideal luminance values; and performing a curve fitting according to the at least two sets of data indicating the correspondence between the gray-scale values and the ideal luminance values, so as to obtain the ideal luminance curve. 15. A luminance compensation apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of photosensitive members that are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of sub-pixels of a display device, each photosensitive member being configured to sense luminance of a corresponding sub-pixel in real time and output luminance data; a processor connected to the plurality of photosensitive members, the processor being configured to receive luminance data output from each photosensitive member, determine an actual luminance value of the corresponding sub-pixel in real time, generate an actual luminance curve showing how the actual luminance value of each sub-pixel changes as a gray-scale value changes, and update the actual luminance curve; and a memory connected to the processor, the memory being configured to store a latest actual luminance curve of each sub-pixel and an ideal luminance curve of each sub-pixel showing how an ideal luminance value of each sub-pixel changes as the gray-scale value changes, the ideal luminance value being a luminance value of a corresponding sub-pixel in a case where a light-emitting device in the sub-pixel is not aged, wherein the processor is further configured to: obtain an ideal luminance value corresponding to a gray-scale value to be input to the corresponding sub-pixel according to the ideal luminance curve of each sub-pixel, and calculate a gray-scale value corresponding to an actual luminance value that is equal to the obtained ideal luminance value according to the actual luminance curve of the corresponding sub-pixel, wherein the gray-scale value is used as a gray-scale value that will actually be input to the corresponding sub-pixel. 16. The luminance compensation apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the processor is further configured to: obtain luminance data sensed by a photosensitive member corresponding to each sub-pixel at least twice in a time of a frame so as to obtain at least two sets of luminance data, select one set of luminance data from the at least two sets of luminance data, and determine an actual luminance value of the corresponding sub-pixel in a current frame according to the selected one set of luminance data. 17. A computer program product, comprising instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute one or more steps of the luminance compensation method according to claim 1. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that are configured to perform one or more steps of the luminance compensation method according to claim 1. 19. A display device, comprising the luminance compensation apparatus according to claim 15. 20. A display substrate, comprising:
a plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of photosensitive members that are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of sub-pixels, each photosensitive member being configured to sense luminance of a corresponding sub-pixel in real time; a plurality of driving lines, each driving line being connected to an input terminal of at least one photosensitive member of the plurality of photosensitive members, and each driving line being configured to drive corresponding at least one photosensitive member to sense luminance; and a plurality of sensing lines, each sensing line being connected to an output terminal of at least one photosensitive member of the plurality of photosensitive members, and each sensing line being configured to collect luminance data sensed by corresponding at least one photosensitive member. | 2,800 |
345,392 | 16,643,285 | 2,832 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, network device, and apparatus for transmitting a preemption indication and a method, terminal device, and apparatus for receiving a preemption indication. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method of transmitting a preemption indication may comprise transmitting a preemption indication to a terminal device, wherein the preemption indication indicates information on a portion of resources allocated to a first transmission which is preempted by a second transmission, and wherein the preemption indication is associated with information on structure of the current slot. In embodiments of the present disclosure, by means of information on structure of a subframe, the indication monitoring and overhead for the preemption indication can be reduced remarkably, thereby providing a much more efficient preemption indication solution. | 1-41. (canceled) 42. A method comprising:
receiving, by a first User Equipment (UE), a preemption indication from a base station; and determining, by the first UE, a first set of resources by excluding symbols indicated as uplink by the base station, from a second set of resources, wherein the second set of resources comprises at least either one of one or more uplink symbols or one or more downlink symbols; identifying, by the first UE, based on the preemption indication, that no transmission to the first UE is present in a first portion of resources among the first set of resources, wherein a time corresponding to the first set of resources is prior to receiving the preemption indication. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein
the first set of resources comprises a preconfigured frequency bandwidth, and the first portion of resources is indicated by the preemption indication with a granularity either equal to, or a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising:
receiving by the first UE, first information in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling from the base station; and determining by the first UE, based on the first information, whether the granularity is equal to or is a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the preemption indication contains only resource preemption information in a time domain. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein the preemption indication contains a start symbol and duration of the first portion. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein possible start symbols of the first portion are restricted to predefined symbols. 48. A method comprising:
determining, by a base station, a preemption indication; and transmitting, by the base station, the preemption indication to a first User Equipment (UE), wherein the preemption indication indicates that no transmission to the first UE is present in a first portion of resources among a first set of resources, wherein the first set of resources is determined by excluding, symbols indicated as uplink by the base station, from a second set of symbols prior to transmitting the preemption indication, wherein the second set of resources comprises at least either one of one or more uplink symbols or one or more downlink symbols, and wherein a time corresponding to the first set of resources is prior to receiving the preemption indication. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein
the first set of resources comprises a preconfigured frequency bandwidth, and the first portion of resources is indicated by the preemption indication in a granularity either equal to, or a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 50. The method of claim 49, further comprising:
transmitting by the base station, first information in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling to the first UE, wherein the first information indicates whether the granularity is equal to or is a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 51. The method of claim 48, wherein the preemption indication contains only resource preemption information in a time domain. 52. The method of claim 48, wherein the preemption indication contains a start symbol and duration of the first portion. 53. The method of claim 48, wherein possible start symbols of the first portion are restricted to predefined symbols. 54. A first User Equipment (UE), comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a preemption indication from a base station; and a controller configured to:
determine, a first set of resources by excluding symbols indicated as uplink by the base station, from a second set of resources, wherein the second set of resources comprises at least either one of one or more uplink symbols or one or more downlink symbols; and
identify, based on the preemption indication, that no transmission to the first UE is present in a first portion of resources among the first set of resources,
wherein a time corresponding to the first set of resources is prior to receiving the preemption indication. 55. The first UE of claim 54, wherein
the first set of resources comprises a preconfigured frequency bandwidth, and the first portion of resources is indicated by the preemption indication in a granularity either equal to, or a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 56. The first UE of claim 54, wherein
the receiver is further configured to receive first information in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling from the base station; and the controller is further configured to determine, based on the first information, whether the granularity is equal to or is a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 57. A base station, comprising:
a controller configured to determine a preemption indication; and a transmitter configured to transmit the preemption indication to a first User Equipment (UE), wherein the preemption indication indicates that no transmission to the first UE is present in a first portion of resources among a first set of resources, wherein the first set of resources is determined by excluding, symbols indicated as uplink by the base station, from a second set of symbols prior to transmitting the preemption indication, wherein the second set of resources comprises at least either one of one or more uplink symbols or one or more downlink symbols, and wherein a time corresponding to the first set of resources is prior to receiving the preemption indication. 58. The base station of claim 57, wherein
the first set of resources comprises a preconfigured frequency bandwidth, and the first portion of resources is indicated by the preemption indication in a granularity either equal to, or a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 59. The base station of claim 58, wherein
the transmitter is further configured to transmit first information in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling to the first UE, wherein the first information indicates whether the granularity is equal to or is a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, network device, and apparatus for transmitting a preemption indication and a method, terminal device, and apparatus for receiving a preemption indication. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method of transmitting a preemption indication may comprise transmitting a preemption indication to a terminal device, wherein the preemption indication indicates information on a portion of resources allocated to a first transmission which is preempted by a second transmission, and wherein the preemption indication is associated with information on structure of the current slot. In embodiments of the present disclosure, by means of information on structure of a subframe, the indication monitoring and overhead for the preemption indication can be reduced remarkably, thereby providing a much more efficient preemption indication solution.1-41. (canceled) 42. A method comprising:
receiving, by a first User Equipment (UE), a preemption indication from a base station; and determining, by the first UE, a first set of resources by excluding symbols indicated as uplink by the base station, from a second set of resources, wherein the second set of resources comprises at least either one of one or more uplink symbols or one or more downlink symbols; identifying, by the first UE, based on the preemption indication, that no transmission to the first UE is present in a first portion of resources among the first set of resources, wherein a time corresponding to the first set of resources is prior to receiving the preemption indication. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein
the first set of resources comprises a preconfigured frequency bandwidth, and the first portion of resources is indicated by the preemption indication with a granularity either equal to, or a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising:
receiving by the first UE, first information in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling from the base station; and determining by the first UE, based on the first information, whether the granularity is equal to or is a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the preemption indication contains only resource preemption information in a time domain. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein the preemption indication contains a start symbol and duration of the first portion. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein possible start symbols of the first portion are restricted to predefined symbols. 48. A method comprising:
determining, by a base station, a preemption indication; and transmitting, by the base station, the preemption indication to a first User Equipment (UE), wherein the preemption indication indicates that no transmission to the first UE is present in a first portion of resources among a first set of resources, wherein the first set of resources is determined by excluding, symbols indicated as uplink by the base station, from a second set of symbols prior to transmitting the preemption indication, wherein the second set of resources comprises at least either one of one or more uplink symbols or one or more downlink symbols, and wherein a time corresponding to the first set of resources is prior to receiving the preemption indication. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein
the first set of resources comprises a preconfigured frequency bandwidth, and the first portion of resources is indicated by the preemption indication in a granularity either equal to, or a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 50. The method of claim 49, further comprising:
transmitting by the base station, first information in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling to the first UE, wherein the first information indicates whether the granularity is equal to or is a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 51. The method of claim 48, wherein the preemption indication contains only resource preemption information in a time domain. 52. The method of claim 48, wherein the preemption indication contains a start symbol and duration of the first portion. 53. The method of claim 48, wherein possible start symbols of the first portion are restricted to predefined symbols. 54. A first User Equipment (UE), comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a preemption indication from a base station; and a controller configured to:
determine, a first set of resources by excluding symbols indicated as uplink by the base station, from a second set of resources, wherein the second set of resources comprises at least either one of one or more uplink symbols or one or more downlink symbols; and
identify, based on the preemption indication, that no transmission to the first UE is present in a first portion of resources among the first set of resources,
wherein a time corresponding to the first set of resources is prior to receiving the preemption indication. 55. The first UE of claim 54, wherein
the first set of resources comprises a preconfigured frequency bandwidth, and the first portion of resources is indicated by the preemption indication in a granularity either equal to, or a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 56. The first UE of claim 54, wherein
the receiver is further configured to receive first information in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling from the base station; and the controller is further configured to determine, based on the first information, whether the granularity is equal to or is a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 57. A base station, comprising:
a controller configured to determine a preemption indication; and a transmitter configured to transmit the preemption indication to a first User Equipment (UE), wherein the preemption indication indicates that no transmission to the first UE is present in a first portion of resources among a first set of resources, wherein the first set of resources is determined by excluding, symbols indicated as uplink by the base station, from a second set of symbols prior to transmitting the preemption indication, wherein the second set of resources comprises at least either one of one or more uplink symbols or one or more downlink symbols, and wherein a time corresponding to the first set of resources is prior to receiving the preemption indication. 58. The base station of claim 57, wherein
the first set of resources comprises a preconfigured frequency bandwidth, and the first portion of resources is indicated by the preemption indication in a granularity either equal to, or a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. 59. The base station of claim 58, wherein
the transmitter is further configured to transmit first information in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling to the first UE, wherein the first information indicates whether the granularity is equal to or is a fraction of the preconfigured frequency bandwidth. | 2,800 |
345,393 | 16,643,312 | 2,832 | The invention relates to a multilayer flexible hose, especially a multilayer flexible brake hose. | 1.-5. (canceled) 6. A multilayer flexible hose comprising at least the following layer structure:
a single-ply or multi-ply outer layer based on at least one elastomer; at least one single-ply or multi-ply textile strength member layer; at least one single-ply or multi-ply textile adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer contains as an adhesive at least member of the group consisting of zinc(II) salt of acrylic acid, zinc(II) salt of methacrylic acid, zinc(II) salt of monomethacrylic acid, and any combination thereof; and, a single-ply or multi-ply inner layer based on at least one elastomer. 7. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the outer layer is based on at least one EPM or EPDM rubber. 8. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner layer is based on at least one EPM or EPDM rubber. 9. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the single-ply or multi-ply textile strength member layer is selected from the group consisting of rayon, PVAL, aramid, polyamide, and a hybrid variant of the materials mentioned. 10. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the adhesive layer is devoid of a resorcinol-formaldehyde system. 11. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the adhesive is zinc diacrylate. 12. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 11, wherein the zinc diacrylate is incorporated in the adhesive layer in an amount equal to or greater than 10 phr. 13. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 12, wherein tear propagation resistance between the strength member layer and the adhesive layer is at least 113 N/mm according to ASTM D2229 T test. 14. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein tear propagation resistance between the strength member layer and the adhesive layer is at least 132 N/mm according to ASTM D2229 T test. 15. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6 as incorporated into a brake hose. | The invention relates to a multilayer flexible hose, especially a multilayer flexible brake hose.1.-5. (canceled) 6. A multilayer flexible hose comprising at least the following layer structure:
a single-ply or multi-ply outer layer based on at least one elastomer; at least one single-ply or multi-ply textile strength member layer; at least one single-ply or multi-ply textile adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer contains as an adhesive at least member of the group consisting of zinc(II) salt of acrylic acid, zinc(II) salt of methacrylic acid, zinc(II) salt of monomethacrylic acid, and any combination thereof; and, a single-ply or multi-ply inner layer based on at least one elastomer. 7. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the outer layer is based on at least one EPM or EPDM rubber. 8. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner layer is based on at least one EPM or EPDM rubber. 9. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the single-ply or multi-ply textile strength member layer is selected from the group consisting of rayon, PVAL, aramid, polyamide, and a hybrid variant of the materials mentioned. 10. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the adhesive layer is devoid of a resorcinol-formaldehyde system. 11. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein the adhesive is zinc diacrylate. 12. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 11, wherein the zinc diacrylate is incorporated in the adhesive layer in an amount equal to or greater than 10 phr. 13. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 12, wherein tear propagation resistance between the strength member layer and the adhesive layer is at least 113 N/mm according to ASTM D2229 T test. 14. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6, wherein tear propagation resistance between the strength member layer and the adhesive layer is at least 132 N/mm according to ASTM D2229 T test. 15. The multilayer flexible hose as claimed in claim 6 as incorporated into a brake hose. | 2,800 |
345,394 | 16,643,320 | 1,645 | The present invention provides methods, compositions, and kits for treating bladder disorders or conditions, in which botulinum toxin is topically administered to the mucosal inner lining or urothelium of the bladder, of a subject in need thereof, for transmucosal delivery across the urothelium to surrounding bladder wall musculature and/or neuronal tissue. Rather than requiring injection, the toxin instead may be administered by instillation in solution via the urethra. In particular, the botulinum toxin is administered in conjunction with a positively charged or lipophilic carrier comprising a positively charged polymeric backbone or a hydrophobic backbone with covalently attached groups that enhance transmucosal transport across the urothelium and may also stabilize the botulinum toxin in aqueous formulations. | 1. A method of treating a bladder disorder or condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to a luminal surface of the bladder of the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising a botulinum toxin in conjunction with a carrier, said carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups,
wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; wherein the botulinum toxin is delivered transmucosally in an effective amount for treating the subject's bladder disorder or condition. 2. A method of increasing bladder contraction intervals associated with a hypercontractility bladder disorder or condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to a luminal surface of the bladder of the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising a botulinum toxin in conjunction with a carrier, said carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups,
wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; wherein the botulinum toxin is delivered transmucosally in an effective amount for treating the subject's bladder disorder or condition. 3. A pharmaceutical composition for use in treating a bladder disorder or condition in a subject in need thereof, said composition comprising a botulinum toxin in conjunction with a carrier, said carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups,
wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for administration to a luminal surface of the bladder of the subject to deliver transmucosally an effective amount of said botulinum toxin for treating the subject's bladder disorder or condition. 4. A pharmaceutical composition for use in increasing bladder contraction intervals associated with a hypercontractility bladder disorder or condition in a subject in need thereof, the composition comprising a botulinum toxin in conjunction with a carrier, said carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups,
wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for administration to a luminal surface of the bladder of the subject to deliver transmucosally an effective amount of botulinum toxin for increasing the subject's bladder contraction intervals associated with the hypercontractility bladder disorder or condition. 5. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 3 or 4, wherein administration of the composition decreases bladder hypercontractility in the subject, thereby increasing bladder contraction intervals. 6. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is selected from overactive bladder (OAB) or bladder hyperactivity, urge incontinence due to overactive detrusor activity, idiopathic urge incontinence, interstitial cystitis, and bladder pain syndrome. 7. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is overactive bladder (OAB) or bladder hyperactivity. 8. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is urge incontinence due to overactive detrusor activity. 9. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is idiopathic urge incontinence. 10. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is interstitial cystitis. 11. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is bladder pain syndrome. 12. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the botulinum toxin and the positively charged or lipophilic carrier are formulated in the composition, wherein the botulinum toxin directly associates with the carrier to form a non-covalent complex. 13. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition comprising the botulinum toxin and the positively charged or lipophilic carrier is formulated at the point of use. 14. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the carrier comprises a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone. 15. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 14, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups are selected from amino acid sequences -(gly)n1-(arg)n2(SEQ ID NO. 1), wherein n1 is an integer of from 0 to about 20, and n2 is independently an odd integer of from about 5 to about 25; (gly)p-RGRDDRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 2); (gly)p-YGRKKRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 3); and (gly)p-RKKRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 4), wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 20. 16. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups have the amino acid sequence -(gly)n1-(arg)n2 (SEQ ID NO. 1), wherein n1 is an integer of from about 0 to about 20 and n2 is independently an odd integer of from about 5 to about 25. 17. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein n1 is an integer of from 0 to about 8. 18. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15 or claim 15, wherein n1 is an integer of from about 2 to about 5. 19. The method according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein n2 is an odd integer of from about 7 to about 17. 20. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein n2 is an odd integer from about 7 to about 13. 21. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups is (gly)p-RGRDDRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 2), wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 20. 22. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups is (gly)p-YGRKKRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 3), wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 20. 23. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups is (gly)p-RKKRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 4), wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 20. 24. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 15, or 21 to 23, wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 8. 25. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 15, or 21 to 23, wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from about 2 to about 5. 26. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 15 to 25, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups are attached to either end, or both ends, of the positively charged backbone of the positively charged carrier. 27. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the positively charged backbone comprises a positively charged polypeptide. 28. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 27, wherein the positively charged polypeptide comprises a polylysine from about 5 to about 50 lysine residues. 29. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the positively charged carrier comprises the amino acid sequence (G)p-RKKRRQRRR-(G)q-(K)n-(G)q-RKKRRQRRR-(G)p (SEQ ID NO: 8), wherein p is an integer of from 0 to 2, q is an integer of from 0 to 2, and n is an integer of from about 10 to about 20. 30. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 29, wherein p is 0, q is 1, and n is from 10 to 20. 31. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 30, wherein the positively charged carrier is the amino acid sequence RKKRRQRRRG-(K)15-GRKKRRQRRR (SEQ ID NO: 7). 32. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the carrier comprises a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone. 33. The method or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 32, wherein said one or more efficiency groups is selected from the group consisting of KKRPKPGGGGFFFILVF (SEQ ID NO: 21), FFFILVFGGGKKRPKPG (SEQ ID NO: 22), GGGGKKRPKPG (SEQ ID NO: 23), RKKRRQRRRGGGGFFFILVF (SEQ ID NO: 24), and GGGGRKKRRQRRR (SEQ ID NO: 25). 34. The method or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 32, wherein said lipophilic carrier is selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl-GGRKKRRQRRR (palmitoyl-TAT, SEQ ID NO: 26) and palmitoyl-glyp-KKRPKPG (SEQ ID NO: 27). 35. The method or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 32-34, wherein the composition is contained in a liposome. 36. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the botulinum toxin is a recombinant botulinum toxin, a botulinum toxin derivative, a purified botulinum toxin of about 150 kDa, a botulinum toxin complex, a reduced botulinum toxin complex, or a botulinum toxin fusion protein. 37. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the botulinum toxin is a serotype selected from serotype A, B, C1, D, E, F, or G. 38. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 37, wherein the botulinum toxin is serotype A. 39. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 38, wherein the botulinum toxin of serotype A is a purified botulinum toxin of about 150 kDa. 40. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the botulinum toxin is administered in an amount of about 1 U to about 15 U/kg or about 0.5 to about 3.5 U/cm2. 41. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the botulinum toxin is administered in a stabilized formulation further comprising a non-ionic surfactant. 42. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 41, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is polysorbate 20. 43. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the stabilized formulation has a pH of from about 4.5 to about 6.5 and further comprises a non-reducing sugar. 44. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the stabilized formulation does not contain an animal protein. 45. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 44, wherein the stabilized formulation does not contain human serum albumin. 46. A kit comprising
a botulinum toxin; a carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups, wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; and an instillation device. 47. A kit comprising a lyophilized solid prepared by drying the stabilized formulation of any of claims 41-45, a buffer for reconstitution of said lyophilized solid, and an instillation device. | The present invention provides methods, compositions, and kits for treating bladder disorders or conditions, in which botulinum toxin is topically administered to the mucosal inner lining or urothelium of the bladder, of a subject in need thereof, for transmucosal delivery across the urothelium to surrounding bladder wall musculature and/or neuronal tissue. Rather than requiring injection, the toxin instead may be administered by instillation in solution via the urethra. In particular, the botulinum toxin is administered in conjunction with a positively charged or lipophilic carrier comprising a positively charged polymeric backbone or a hydrophobic backbone with covalently attached groups that enhance transmucosal transport across the urothelium and may also stabilize the botulinum toxin in aqueous formulations.1. A method of treating a bladder disorder or condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to a luminal surface of the bladder of the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising a botulinum toxin in conjunction with a carrier, said carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups,
wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; wherein the botulinum toxin is delivered transmucosally in an effective amount for treating the subject's bladder disorder or condition. 2. A method of increasing bladder contraction intervals associated with a hypercontractility bladder disorder or condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to a luminal surface of the bladder of the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising a botulinum toxin in conjunction with a carrier, said carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups,
wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; wherein the botulinum toxin is delivered transmucosally in an effective amount for treating the subject's bladder disorder or condition. 3. A pharmaceutical composition for use in treating a bladder disorder or condition in a subject in need thereof, said composition comprising a botulinum toxin in conjunction with a carrier, said carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups,
wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for administration to a luminal surface of the bladder of the subject to deliver transmucosally an effective amount of said botulinum toxin for treating the subject's bladder disorder or condition. 4. A pharmaceutical composition for use in increasing bladder contraction intervals associated with a hypercontractility bladder disorder or condition in a subject in need thereof, the composition comprising a botulinum toxin in conjunction with a carrier, said carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups,
wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for administration to a luminal surface of the bladder of the subject to deliver transmucosally an effective amount of botulinum toxin for increasing the subject's bladder contraction intervals associated with the hypercontractility bladder disorder or condition. 5. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 3 or 4, wherein administration of the composition decreases bladder hypercontractility in the subject, thereby increasing bladder contraction intervals. 6. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is selected from overactive bladder (OAB) or bladder hyperactivity, urge incontinence due to overactive detrusor activity, idiopathic urge incontinence, interstitial cystitis, and bladder pain syndrome. 7. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is overactive bladder (OAB) or bladder hyperactivity. 8. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is urge incontinence due to overactive detrusor activity. 9. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is idiopathic urge incontinence. 10. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is interstitial cystitis. 11. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 6, wherein the bladder disorder or condition is bladder pain syndrome. 12. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the botulinum toxin and the positively charged or lipophilic carrier are formulated in the composition, wherein the botulinum toxin directly associates with the carrier to form a non-covalent complex. 13. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition comprising the botulinum toxin and the positively charged or lipophilic carrier is formulated at the point of use. 14. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the carrier comprises a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone. 15. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 14, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups are selected from amino acid sequences -(gly)n1-(arg)n2(SEQ ID NO. 1), wherein n1 is an integer of from 0 to about 20, and n2 is independently an odd integer of from about 5 to about 25; (gly)p-RGRDDRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 2); (gly)p-YGRKKRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 3); and (gly)p-RKKRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 4), wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 20. 16. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups have the amino acid sequence -(gly)n1-(arg)n2 (SEQ ID NO. 1), wherein n1 is an integer of from about 0 to about 20 and n2 is independently an odd integer of from about 5 to about 25. 17. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein n1 is an integer of from 0 to about 8. 18. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15 or claim 15, wherein n1 is an integer of from about 2 to about 5. 19. The method according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein n2 is an odd integer of from about 7 to about 17. 20. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein n2 is an odd integer from about 7 to about 13. 21. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups is (gly)p-RGRDDRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 2), wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 20. 22. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups is (gly)p-YGRKKRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 3), wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 20. 23. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups is (gly)p-RKKRRQRRR-(gly)q (SEQ ID NO. 4), wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 20. 24. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 15, or 21 to 23, wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from 0 to about 8. 25. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 15, or 21 to 23, wherein p and q are each independently an integer of from about 2 to about 5. 26. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 15 to 25, wherein the one or more positively charged efficiency groups are attached to either end, or both ends, of the positively charged backbone of the positively charged carrier. 27. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the positively charged backbone comprises a positively charged polypeptide. 28. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 27, wherein the positively charged polypeptide comprises a polylysine from about 5 to about 50 lysine residues. 29. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 15, wherein the positively charged carrier comprises the amino acid sequence (G)p-RKKRRQRRR-(G)q-(K)n-(G)q-RKKRRQRRR-(G)p (SEQ ID NO: 8), wherein p is an integer of from 0 to 2, q is an integer of from 0 to 2, and n is an integer of from about 10 to about 20. 30. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 29, wherein p is 0, q is 1, and n is from 10 to 20. 31. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 30, wherein the positively charged carrier is the amino acid sequence RKKRRQRRRG-(K)15-GRKKRRQRRR (SEQ ID NO: 7). 32. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the carrier comprises a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone. 33. The method or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 32, wherein said one or more efficiency groups is selected from the group consisting of KKRPKPGGGGFFFILVF (SEQ ID NO: 21), FFFILVFGGGKKRPKPG (SEQ ID NO: 22), GGGGKKRPKPG (SEQ ID NO: 23), RKKRRQRRRGGGGFFFILVF (SEQ ID NO: 24), and GGGGRKKRRQRRR (SEQ ID NO: 25). 34. The method or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 32, wherein said lipophilic carrier is selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl-GGRKKRRQRRR (palmitoyl-TAT, SEQ ID NO: 26) and palmitoyl-glyp-KKRPKPG (SEQ ID NO: 27). 35. The method or the pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 32-34, wherein the composition is contained in a liposome. 36. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the botulinum toxin is a recombinant botulinum toxin, a botulinum toxin derivative, a purified botulinum toxin of about 150 kDa, a botulinum toxin complex, a reduced botulinum toxin complex, or a botulinum toxin fusion protein. 37. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the botulinum toxin is a serotype selected from serotype A, B, C1, D, E, F, or G. 38. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 37, wherein the botulinum toxin is serotype A. 39. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 38, wherein the botulinum toxin of serotype A is a purified botulinum toxin of about 150 kDa. 40. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the botulinum toxin is administered in an amount of about 1 U to about 15 U/kg or about 0.5 to about 3.5 U/cm2. 41. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the botulinum toxin is administered in a stabilized formulation further comprising a non-ionic surfactant. 42. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 41, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is polysorbate 20. 43. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the stabilized formulation has a pH of from about 4.5 to about 6.5 and further comprises a non-reducing sugar. 44. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the stabilized formulation does not contain an animal protein. 45. The method or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 44, wherein the stabilized formulation does not contain human serum albumin. 46. A kit comprising
a botulinum toxin; a carrier comprising a backbone having covalently attached thereto one or more positively charged efficiency groups, wherein said carrier is a positively charged carrier, with the backbone being a positively charged polymeric backbone, or a lipophilic carrier, with the backbone being a hydrophobic oligomeric or polymeric backbone; and an instillation device. 47. A kit comprising a lyophilized solid prepared by drying the stabilized formulation of any of claims 41-45, a buffer for reconstitution of said lyophilized solid, and an instillation device. | 1,600 |
345,395 | 16,643,245 | 1,645 | Disclosed are an intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity and a polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, and a method preparing therefor and use thereof. The intermediate drug has the general structural formula of (I), and the polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug has the general structural formula of (II). The drugs achieve the combined medication of various anticancer drugs and avoid the toxic reaction caused by the interaction among the drugs or by the pharmacokinetics of the drugs when taking various anticancer drugs, facilitate overcoming the multidrug resistance of cancers, have a synergistic effect, and can be used for preparing anticancer medicaments and for treating cancers. | 1. An intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula I;
ZN-AC]i (I)
wherein, i=2, 3, 4 or 5; Z is selected from dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid having amino group or corresponding acyl substituent thereof; N is selected from amino acid, dipeptide or polypeptide; AC is selected from anticancer drug having amino group, hydroxyl, carboxyl or acyl. 2. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein N is selected from dipeptide, tripeptide or tetrapeptide. 3. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
N is selected from glycine, glycine-glycine GG, glycine-leucine-glycine GLG, glycine-phenylalanine-alanine GFA, glycine-leucine-alanine GLA or glycine-phenylalanine-leucine-glycine GFLG. 4. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
Z is selected from any one of glutamic acid, glutamic acid derivative, aspartic acid, aspartic acid derivative, glutaric acid having amino group or glutaric acid derivative having amino group. 5. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
the anticancer drug is a combination of at least two selected from: lenalidomide, imiquimod, resiquimod, NLG919, Epacadostat, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, SB-743921, belotecan, etoposide, dabrafenib, trametinib, palbociclib, Veliparib, Niraparib, de-terminal-dimethyl PKI-587, allosteric PKI-587, AZD-5363, MK-2206, lapatinib, dovitinib, Quisinostat, BIIB021, Linifanib, MK-2206, TAK-580, SMK-17, JNJ-7706621, SNS-032, Ribociclib, Niraparib, HSP-990, XL-019, NVP-BSK805, Golotimod, Indoximod, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 2, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 1, SB-743921, Voreloxin, imatinib, Ponatinib, Dasatinib, Bosutinib, gefitinib, Vandetanib, Sunitinib, Nintedanib, Crizotinib, and Ceritinib. 6. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
in the formula I, i≥2, at least one of AC is selected from immunotherapy cancer drug, at least one of AC is selected from chemotherapy drug or target drug, and the immunotherapy cancer drug has synergistic effect with the chemotherapy drug or the target drug. 7. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
in the formula I, i≥2, at least one of AC is selected from chemotherapy drug, at least one of AC is selected from target drug, and the chemotherapy drug has synergistic effect with the target drug. 8. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of AC is selected from immunotherapy cancer drug, at least one of AC is selected from chemotherapy drug, at least one of AC is selected from target drug, and at least two of the immunotherapy cancer drug, the chemotherapy drug and the target drug have synergistic effect; preferably, three of the immunotherapy cancer drug, the chemotherapy drug and the target drug have synergistic effect. 9. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
in the formula I, i=2, AC is a group selected from: a group consisting of Veliparib and allosteric PKI-587, a group consisting of palbociclib and allosteric PKI-587, a group consisting of lapatinib and de-terminal-dimethyl PKI-587, a group consisting of lapatinib and AZD5363, a group consisting of imiquimod and paclitaxel, or a group consisting of lenalidomide and de-terminal-dimethyl PKI-587; wherein, the allosteric PKI-587 has a structure of 10. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, including a compound of any one structural formula below: 11. A polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula II;
PEGX—(Y)m—ZAC]i}j (II)
wherein, PEG is selected from single-arm or multi-arm polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol derivative; X is selected from 12. The polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 11, wherein PEG is single-arm, two-arm, four-arm or eight-arm polyethylene glycol, or PEG is a derivative of single-arm, two-arm, four-arm or eight-arm polyethylene glycol. 13. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 11, wherein Y is selected from 14. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 11, wherein
Y is selected from 15. The polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 11, which is selected from the compounds as followed: 16. A method for preparing the intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula I of claim 1, wherein the method includes the following steps:
performing amidation reactions of at least two anticancer drugs having synergistic effect respectively with amino acid, peptide or a derivative thereof, resulting in the first intermediates having a structure unit of N-AC in the formula I; performing an amidation reaction of any one of the first intermediates with dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid having amino group or a corresponding acyl substituent thereof, resulting in the second intermediate having a structure unit of Z—N-AC in the formula I; and performing an amidation reaction of the second intermediate with the remaining first intermediate, resulting in the intermediate drug ZN-AC]i as shown by formula I. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the first intermediate is prepared by a method including the following steps: connecting an amino acid, polypeptide or a derivative thereof having amino protecting group with an anticancer drug by amidation reaction in the presence of a polypeptide condensation agent, and then removing the amino protecting group. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the second intermediate is prepared by a method including the following steps: connecting the first intermediate with a dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid or a corresponding acyl substituent thereof having amino group, amino protecting group and carboxyl protecting group by amidation reaction in the presence of PyAOP, and then removing the carboxyl protecting group. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the method for preparing the intermediate drug as shown by formula I also includes the following steps: performing amidation reaction of the second intermediate with at least one of the first intermediates in the presence of PyAOP and 2, 4, 6-trimethylpyridine at −10□˜10□, and then removing the amino protecting group. 20. The method according to claim 16, including the following steps: at first connecting at least two anticancer drugs together to produce an organics, and then performing amidation reaction of the organics combined with at least two anticancer drugs with an amino acid or peptide or a derivative thereof, wherein the drug intermediate as shown by formula I has at least one binding site linked with the at least two anticancer drugs. 21. A method for preparing the polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula II of claim 11, wherein, the method includes the following steps:
performing amidation reaction of the intermediate drug as shown by formula I with carboxylic acid having amino group or a corresponding acyl substituent thereof, resulting in the fourth intermediate having structure unit (Y)m—ZN-AC]i in formula II; and coupling the fourth intermediate with polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof by amide bond, resulting in a product having a structure as shown by formula II. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein
the fourth intermediate is prepared by a method including the following steps: connecting a carboxylic acid having amino group and amino protecting group or a corresponding acyl substituent thereof with the third intermediate by amidation in the presence of a polypeptide condensation agent, and then removing the amino protecting group. 23-24. (canceled) 25. An anticancer medicament, including the intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula I of claim 1. 26. An anticancer medicament, including the intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula II of claim 11. 27-28. (canceled) 29. A method for treating cancer, including administrating an anticancer medicament according to claim 25. 30. A method for treating cancer, including administrating an anticancer medicament according to claim 26. | Disclosed are an intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity and a polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, and a method preparing therefor and use thereof. The intermediate drug has the general structural formula of (I), and the polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug has the general structural formula of (II). The drugs achieve the combined medication of various anticancer drugs and avoid the toxic reaction caused by the interaction among the drugs or by the pharmacokinetics of the drugs when taking various anticancer drugs, facilitate overcoming the multidrug resistance of cancers, have a synergistic effect, and can be used for preparing anticancer medicaments and for treating cancers.1. An intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula I;
ZN-AC]i (I)
wherein, i=2, 3, 4 or 5; Z is selected from dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid having amino group or corresponding acyl substituent thereof; N is selected from amino acid, dipeptide or polypeptide; AC is selected from anticancer drug having amino group, hydroxyl, carboxyl or acyl. 2. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein N is selected from dipeptide, tripeptide or tetrapeptide. 3. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
N is selected from glycine, glycine-glycine GG, glycine-leucine-glycine GLG, glycine-phenylalanine-alanine GFA, glycine-leucine-alanine GLA or glycine-phenylalanine-leucine-glycine GFLG. 4. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
Z is selected from any one of glutamic acid, glutamic acid derivative, aspartic acid, aspartic acid derivative, glutaric acid having amino group or glutaric acid derivative having amino group. 5. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
the anticancer drug is a combination of at least two selected from: lenalidomide, imiquimod, resiquimod, NLG919, Epacadostat, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, SB-743921, belotecan, etoposide, dabrafenib, trametinib, palbociclib, Veliparib, Niraparib, de-terminal-dimethyl PKI-587, allosteric PKI-587, AZD-5363, MK-2206, lapatinib, dovitinib, Quisinostat, BIIB021, Linifanib, MK-2206, TAK-580, SMK-17, JNJ-7706621, SNS-032, Ribociclib, Niraparib, HSP-990, XL-019, NVP-BSK805, Golotimod, Indoximod, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 2, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 1, SB-743921, Voreloxin, imatinib, Ponatinib, Dasatinib, Bosutinib, gefitinib, Vandetanib, Sunitinib, Nintedanib, Crizotinib, and Ceritinib. 6. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
in the formula I, i≥2, at least one of AC is selected from immunotherapy cancer drug, at least one of AC is selected from chemotherapy drug or target drug, and the immunotherapy cancer drug has synergistic effect with the chemotherapy drug or the target drug. 7. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
in the formula I, i≥2, at least one of AC is selected from chemotherapy drug, at least one of AC is selected from target drug, and the chemotherapy drug has synergistic effect with the target drug. 8. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of AC is selected from immunotherapy cancer drug, at least one of AC is selected from chemotherapy drug, at least one of AC is selected from target drug, and at least two of the immunotherapy cancer drug, the chemotherapy drug and the target drug have synergistic effect; preferably, three of the immunotherapy cancer drug, the chemotherapy drug and the target drug have synergistic effect. 9. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein
in the formula I, i=2, AC is a group selected from: a group consisting of Veliparib and allosteric PKI-587, a group consisting of palbociclib and allosteric PKI-587, a group consisting of lapatinib and de-terminal-dimethyl PKI-587, a group consisting of lapatinib and AZD5363, a group consisting of imiquimod and paclitaxel, or a group consisting of lenalidomide and de-terminal-dimethyl PKI-587; wherein, the allosteric PKI-587 has a structure of 10. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, including a compound of any one structural formula below: 11. A polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula II;
PEGX—(Y)m—ZAC]i}j (II)
wherein, PEG is selected from single-arm or multi-arm polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol derivative; X is selected from 12. The polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 11, wherein PEG is single-arm, two-arm, four-arm or eight-arm polyethylene glycol, or PEG is a derivative of single-arm, two-arm, four-arm or eight-arm polyethylene glycol. 13. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 11, wherein Y is selected from 14. The intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 11, wherein
Y is selected from 15. The polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof according to claim 11, which is selected from the compounds as followed: 16. A method for preparing the intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula I of claim 1, wherein the method includes the following steps:
performing amidation reactions of at least two anticancer drugs having synergistic effect respectively with amino acid, peptide or a derivative thereof, resulting in the first intermediates having a structure unit of N-AC in the formula I; performing an amidation reaction of any one of the first intermediates with dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid having amino group or a corresponding acyl substituent thereof, resulting in the second intermediate having a structure unit of Z—N-AC in the formula I; and performing an amidation reaction of the second intermediate with the remaining first intermediate, resulting in the intermediate drug ZN-AC]i as shown by formula I. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the first intermediate is prepared by a method including the following steps: connecting an amino acid, polypeptide or a derivative thereof having amino protecting group with an anticancer drug by amidation reaction in the presence of a polypeptide condensation agent, and then removing the amino protecting group. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the second intermediate is prepared by a method including the following steps: connecting the first intermediate with a dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid or a corresponding acyl substituent thereof having amino group, amino protecting group and carboxyl protecting group by amidation reaction in the presence of PyAOP, and then removing the carboxyl protecting group. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the method for preparing the intermediate drug as shown by formula I also includes the following steps: performing amidation reaction of the second intermediate with at least one of the first intermediates in the presence of PyAOP and 2, 4, 6-trimethylpyridine at −10□˜10□, and then removing the amino protecting group. 20. The method according to claim 16, including the following steps: at first connecting at least two anticancer drugs together to produce an organics, and then performing amidation reaction of the organics combined with at least two anticancer drugs with an amino acid or peptide or a derivative thereof, wherein the drug intermediate as shown by formula I has at least one binding site linked with the at least two anticancer drugs. 21. A method for preparing the polyethylene glycol-coupled synergistic anticancer drug, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula II of claim 11, wherein, the method includes the following steps:
performing amidation reaction of the intermediate drug as shown by formula I with carboxylic acid having amino group or a corresponding acyl substituent thereof, resulting in the fourth intermediate having structure unit (Y)m—ZN-AC]i in formula II; and coupling the fourth intermediate with polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof by amide bond, resulting in a product having a structure as shown by formula II. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein
the fourth intermediate is prepared by a method including the following steps: connecting a carboxylic acid having amino group and amino protecting group or a corresponding acyl substituent thereof with the third intermediate by amidation in the presence of a polypeptide condensation agent, and then removing the amino protecting group. 23-24. (canceled) 25. An anticancer medicament, including the intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula I of claim 1. 26. An anticancer medicament, including the intermediate drug having synergistic anticancer activity, or a derivative or pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof as shown by formula II of claim 11. 27-28. (canceled) 29. A method for treating cancer, including administrating an anticancer medicament according to claim 25. 30. A method for treating cancer, including administrating an anticancer medicament according to claim 26. | 1,600 |
345,396 | 16,643,288 | 1,645 | A sole structure of an article of footwear is provided and includes a first midsole portion including a first sidewall and a second midsole portion including a second sidewall. The sole structure also includes a first sheet disposed between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion and including a first surface and a second surface formed on an opposite side of the first sheet than the first surface. The first sheet includes one or more apertures extending through the first sheet from the first surface to the second surface. The first midsole portion and the second midsole portion are operably connected through the one or more apertures of the first sheet. | 1. A sole structure for an article of footwear, the sole structure comprising:
a first midsole portion including a first sidewall; a second midsole portion including a second sidewall; and a first sheet disposed between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion and including a first surface and a second surface formed on an opposite side of the first sheet than the first surface, the first sheet including one or more apertures extending through the first sheet from the first surface to the second surface; wherein the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion are operably connected through the one or more apertures of the first sheet. 2. The sole structure of claim 1, further comprising a second sheet disposed between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion. 3. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein a first distal end of the first sheet is visible at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure. 4. The sole structure of any of the preceding claims, wherein a first distal end of the first sheet is substantially planar at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and a second distal end of the first sheet is substantially planar at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 5. The sole structure of any of claims 1-3, wherein a first distal end of the first sheet includes a sinusoidal shape at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and a second distal end of the first sheet includes a sinusoidal shape at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 6. The sole structure of any of claims 1-3, wherein a first distal end of the first sheet includes a saw-tooth shape at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and a second distal end of the first sheet includes a saw-tooth shape at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 7. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion are bonded to one another at the one or more apertures. 8. The sole structure of any of the previous claims, wherein the first midsole portion includes a first series of peaks and a first series of valleys and the second midsole portion includes a second series of peaks and a second series of valleys, the first series of peaks opposing the second series of valleys and the second series of peaks opposing the first series of valleys. 9. The sole structure of claim 8, wherein the first sheet conforms to the shape of the first series of peaks and the first series of valleys and conforms to the shape of the second series of peaks and the second series of valleys. 10. The sole structure of any of the preceding claims, wherein the first sheet comprises a mesh textile defining the one or more apertures in a structure of the mesh. 11. A method of making a sole structure for an article of footwear, the method comprising:
providing a first midsole portion including a first sidewall; providing a second midsole portion including a second sidewall; positioning a first sheet of material between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion having a first surface and a second surface formed on an opposite side of the first sheet than the first surface, the first sheet including one or more apertures extending through the sheet from the first surface to the second surface; and connecting the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion through the one or more apertures of the first sheet. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising positioning a second sheet between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising exposing a first distal end of the first sheet at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure. 14. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising providing a first distal end of the first sheet with a substantially planar configuration at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and providing a second distal end of the first sheet with a substantially planar configuration at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 15. The method of any of claims 11-13, further comprising providing a first distal end of the first sheet with a sinusoidal shape at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and providing a second distal end of the first sheet with a sinusoidal shape at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 16. The method of any of claims 11-13, further comprising providing a first distal end of the first sheet with a saw-tooth shape at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and providing a second distal end of the first sheet with a saw-tooth shape at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising bonding the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion to one another at the one or more apertures. 18. The method of any of the previous claims, further comprising providing the first midsole portion with a first series of peaks and a first series of valleys and providing the second midsole portion with a second series of peaks and a second series of valleys, the first series of peaks opposing the second series of valleys and the second series of peaks opposing the first series of valleys. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising conforming the first sheet to the shape of the first series of peaks and the first series of valleys and conforming the first sheet to the shape of the second series of peaks and the second series of valleys. 20. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein positioning a first sheet includes positioning a first sheet comprising a mesh textile defining the one or more apertures in a structure of the mesh. | A sole structure of an article of footwear is provided and includes a first midsole portion including a first sidewall and a second midsole portion including a second sidewall. The sole structure also includes a first sheet disposed between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion and including a first surface and a second surface formed on an opposite side of the first sheet than the first surface. The first sheet includes one or more apertures extending through the first sheet from the first surface to the second surface. The first midsole portion and the second midsole portion are operably connected through the one or more apertures of the first sheet.1. A sole structure for an article of footwear, the sole structure comprising:
a first midsole portion including a first sidewall; a second midsole portion including a second sidewall; and a first sheet disposed between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion and including a first surface and a second surface formed on an opposite side of the first sheet than the first surface, the first sheet including one or more apertures extending through the first sheet from the first surface to the second surface; wherein the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion are operably connected through the one or more apertures of the first sheet. 2. The sole structure of claim 1, further comprising a second sheet disposed between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion. 3. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein a first distal end of the first sheet is visible at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure. 4. The sole structure of any of the preceding claims, wherein a first distal end of the first sheet is substantially planar at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and a second distal end of the first sheet is substantially planar at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 5. The sole structure of any of claims 1-3, wherein a first distal end of the first sheet includes a sinusoidal shape at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and a second distal end of the first sheet includes a sinusoidal shape at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 6. The sole structure of any of claims 1-3, wherein a first distal end of the first sheet includes a saw-tooth shape at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and a second distal end of the first sheet includes a saw-tooth shape at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 7. The sole structure of claim 1, wherein the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion are bonded to one another at the one or more apertures. 8. The sole structure of any of the previous claims, wherein the first midsole portion includes a first series of peaks and a first series of valleys and the second midsole portion includes a second series of peaks and a second series of valleys, the first series of peaks opposing the second series of valleys and the second series of peaks opposing the first series of valleys. 9. The sole structure of claim 8, wherein the first sheet conforms to the shape of the first series of peaks and the first series of valleys and conforms to the shape of the second series of peaks and the second series of valleys. 10. The sole structure of any of the preceding claims, wherein the first sheet comprises a mesh textile defining the one or more apertures in a structure of the mesh. 11. A method of making a sole structure for an article of footwear, the method comprising:
providing a first midsole portion including a first sidewall; providing a second midsole portion including a second sidewall; positioning a first sheet of material between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion having a first surface and a second surface formed on an opposite side of the first sheet than the first surface, the first sheet including one or more apertures extending through the sheet from the first surface to the second surface; and connecting the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion through the one or more apertures of the first sheet. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising positioning a second sheet between the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising exposing a first distal end of the first sheet at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure. 14. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising providing a first distal end of the first sheet with a substantially planar configuration at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and providing a second distal end of the first sheet with a substantially planar configuration at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 15. The method of any of claims 11-13, further comprising providing a first distal end of the first sheet with a sinusoidal shape at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and providing a second distal end of the first sheet with a sinusoidal shape at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 16. The method of any of claims 11-13, further comprising providing a first distal end of the first sheet with a saw-tooth shape at one of a medial side of the sole structure and a lateral side of the sole structure and providing a second distal end of the first sheet with a saw-tooth shape at the other of the medial side of the sole structure and the lateral side of the sole structure. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising bonding the first midsole portion and the second midsole portion to one another at the one or more apertures. 18. The method of any of the previous claims, further comprising providing the first midsole portion with a first series of peaks and a first series of valleys and providing the second midsole portion with a second series of peaks and a second series of valleys, the first series of peaks opposing the second series of valleys and the second series of peaks opposing the first series of valleys. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising conforming the first sheet to the shape of the first series of peaks and the first series of valleys and conforming the first sheet to the shape of the second series of peaks and the second series of valleys. 20. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein positioning a first sheet includes positioning a first sheet comprising a mesh textile defining the one or more apertures in a structure of the mesh. | 1,600 |
345,397 | 16,643,296 | 1,645 | An optical storage phosphor, a method for checking an authenticity feature, and an apparatus for carrying out a method, relate to an authenticity feature and to a value document. An inorganic optical storage phosphor is provided having a garnet structure and predetermined composition. | 1-22. (canceled) 23. An optical storage phosphor based on a garnet structure and having the following composition:
(GdxLny)(GamAlnAk) O12±d: CepQqRrTt, wherein Ln comprises at least one of the following elements: La, Lu, Y; A comprises at least one of the following elements: Ge, Sc, Si; Q comprises at least one of the following elements: Ag, Cr, Hf, Mo, Nb, Sn, Ta, Ti, W, Zr; R comprises at least one of the following elements: Bi, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb; T comprises at least one of the following elements: B, F, Li, Mg, K, Na; 1.0≤x≤3.2 and 0≤y≤1.65; 0.5≤m≤5.2, 0≤n≤4.7 and 0≤k≤0.5, wherein 4.8≤m+n+k≤5.2; 0≤p≤0.1, wherein p=0 only for Q=Zr; 0≤q≤0.05; 0≤r≤0.05; 0≤t≤0.1; 0≤d≤0.5; p+q>0.002; q+r>0.002; and 2.8≤x+y+p+r≤3.2. 24. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein 0<y. 25. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein 0<q, and/or 0<r. 26. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 25, wherein Ce, Q and/or R form two independent optical systems which can be transferred into their initial state by at least two-stage external energy input. 27. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein the optical storage phosphor is configured to be readable by light irradiation;
wherein a read-out spectrum of the optical storage phosphor has a maximum in a wavelength range of at least 360 nm to at most 1200 nm; and wherein the optically stimulated luminescence of the optical storage phosphor has an emission maximum in the wavelength range from 500 nm to 600 nm. 28. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein the optical storage phosphor has at least one of the following properties:
decay time of an intrinsic luminescence of the optical storage phosphor of at most 100 μs; read-out spectrum with at least two maxima; charging spectrum with a maximum at a wavelength of at least 300 nm. 29. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La) or yttrium (Y) and Q is zirconium (Zr) or tin (Sn), with: 0.002≤p≤0.08; 0.002≤q≤0.05; r=0; k=0, n≤3; and t≤0.05. 30. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La) or yttrium (Y) and Q is zirconium (Zr), with p=0; 0.002≤q≤0.02; r=0; k=0, n≤3; and t≤0.05. 31. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La) or yttrium (Y) and Q is zirconium (Zr) or molybdenum (Mo), R is bismuth (Bi), with 0.005≤p≤0.08; 0.002≤q≤0.05; 0.002≤r≤0.05; k=0, n≤3; and t≤0.05. 32. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La); R is thulium (Tm) or ytterbium (Yb) and Q is silver (Ag) and/or zirconium (Zr), with 0.005≤p≤0.08 0.002≤r≤0.05; k=0, n≤3; and t≤0.05. 33. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La) or yttrium (Y), Q is zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo) or tin (Sn) and R is bismuth (Bi), wherein 0.1≤y≤1; 0.005≤p≤0.08; 0.002≤q≤0.05; k=0; t≤0.05; 0≤n≤3.5; 1.5≤m≤5; and m+n+5q/6=5 as well as 2.95≤x+y+p+r+q/6≤3.1. 34. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 33, wherein
Q is molybdenum (Mo) or zirconium (Zr), wherein 0.05≤q≤0.05; and t=0 and/or r=0. 35. A method for checking an authenticity feature having an optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, comprising the following steps of:
applying an optical charging pulse and/or an optical read-out pulse to the optical storage phosphor; capturing a measured value for an optical emission of the optical storage phosphor in response to the charging pulse and/or the read-out pulse; authenticity assessment of the security feature by means of the measured value. 36. The method according to claim 35, wherein step b) further comprises evaluating the measured value in order to determine a memory property of the storage phosphor, and wherein the authenticity assessment in step c) is effected by means of the result of this evaluation. 37. The method according to claim 35, wherein step b) further includes at least one of the following steps of:
determining and evaluating a parameter of the charging pulse and/or the read-out pulse; determining and evaluating a measurement parameter made use of to capture the measured value; determining and evaluating a background radiation; determining and evaluating a temporal relationship between the charging pulse and/or the read-out pulse and the capture of the measured value. 38. The method according to claim 35, wherein the optical storage phosphor has trap centers and luminous centers, wherein
charge carriers present in the optical storage phosphor are located at least partially in the trap centers before step a) and the charge carriers transition at least partially from the luminous centers into the trap centers due to the charging pulse and/or transition at least partially from the trap centers into the luminous centers due to the read-out pulse and relax radiatively in the luminous centers. 39. The method according to claim 35, wherein an electrical conductivity of the optical storage phosphor during the application of the charging pulse and/or the read-out pulse in step a) is higher than outside the application. 40. The method according to claim 35, wherein before step a) a further measured value is captured by detecting an optical intensity. 41. An apparatus for carrying out a method according to claim 35, comprising
a light source, which is adapted to apply the at least one charging pulse and/or the at least one read-out pulse to the optical storage phosphor in step a), a detection device for detecting the optical emission and for capturing the measured value in step b), and an evaluation device which is adapted to evaluate the captured measured value and, by means of the evaluation, to carry out the authenticity assessment on the basis of a specific positive detection of the storage phosphor in step c). 42. An authenticity feature having an optical storage phosphor according to claim 23. 43. The authenticity feature according to claim 42, wherein the optical storage phosphor has a read-out spectrum with a pronounced spectral structure, with at least two local maxima. 44. A value document having at least one authenticity feature according to claim 42. | An optical storage phosphor, a method for checking an authenticity feature, and an apparatus for carrying out a method, relate to an authenticity feature and to a value document. An inorganic optical storage phosphor is provided having a garnet structure and predetermined composition.1-22. (canceled) 23. An optical storage phosphor based on a garnet structure and having the following composition:
(GdxLny)(GamAlnAk) O12±d: CepQqRrTt, wherein Ln comprises at least one of the following elements: La, Lu, Y; A comprises at least one of the following elements: Ge, Sc, Si; Q comprises at least one of the following elements: Ag, Cr, Hf, Mo, Nb, Sn, Ta, Ti, W, Zr; R comprises at least one of the following elements: Bi, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb; T comprises at least one of the following elements: B, F, Li, Mg, K, Na; 1.0≤x≤3.2 and 0≤y≤1.65; 0.5≤m≤5.2, 0≤n≤4.7 and 0≤k≤0.5, wherein 4.8≤m+n+k≤5.2; 0≤p≤0.1, wherein p=0 only for Q=Zr; 0≤q≤0.05; 0≤r≤0.05; 0≤t≤0.1; 0≤d≤0.5; p+q>0.002; q+r>0.002; and 2.8≤x+y+p+r≤3.2. 24. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein 0<y. 25. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein 0<q, and/or 0<r. 26. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 25, wherein Ce, Q and/or R form two independent optical systems which can be transferred into their initial state by at least two-stage external energy input. 27. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein the optical storage phosphor is configured to be readable by light irradiation;
wherein a read-out spectrum of the optical storage phosphor has a maximum in a wavelength range of at least 360 nm to at most 1200 nm; and wherein the optically stimulated luminescence of the optical storage phosphor has an emission maximum in the wavelength range from 500 nm to 600 nm. 28. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein the optical storage phosphor has at least one of the following properties:
decay time of an intrinsic luminescence of the optical storage phosphor of at most 100 μs; read-out spectrum with at least two maxima; charging spectrum with a maximum at a wavelength of at least 300 nm. 29. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La) or yttrium (Y) and Q is zirconium (Zr) or tin (Sn), with: 0.002≤p≤0.08; 0.002≤q≤0.05; r=0; k=0, n≤3; and t≤0.05. 30. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La) or yttrium (Y) and Q is zirconium (Zr), with p=0; 0.002≤q≤0.02; r=0; k=0, n≤3; and t≤0.05. 31. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La) or yttrium (Y) and Q is zirconium (Zr) or molybdenum (Mo), R is bismuth (Bi), with 0.005≤p≤0.08; 0.002≤q≤0.05; 0.002≤r≤0.05; k=0, n≤3; and t≤0.05. 32. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La); R is thulium (Tm) or ytterbium (Yb) and Q is silver (Ag) and/or zirconium (Zr), with 0.005≤p≤0.08 0.002≤r≤0.05; k=0, n≤3; and t≤0.05. 33. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, wherein
Ln is lanthanum (La) or yttrium (Y), Q is zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo) or tin (Sn) and R is bismuth (Bi), wherein 0.1≤y≤1; 0.005≤p≤0.08; 0.002≤q≤0.05; k=0; t≤0.05; 0≤n≤3.5; 1.5≤m≤5; and m+n+5q/6=5 as well as 2.95≤x+y+p+r+q/6≤3.1. 34. The optical storage phosphor according to claim 33, wherein
Q is molybdenum (Mo) or zirconium (Zr), wherein 0.05≤q≤0.05; and t=0 and/or r=0. 35. A method for checking an authenticity feature having an optical storage phosphor according to claim 23, comprising the following steps of:
applying an optical charging pulse and/or an optical read-out pulse to the optical storage phosphor; capturing a measured value for an optical emission of the optical storage phosphor in response to the charging pulse and/or the read-out pulse; authenticity assessment of the security feature by means of the measured value. 36. The method according to claim 35, wherein step b) further comprises evaluating the measured value in order to determine a memory property of the storage phosphor, and wherein the authenticity assessment in step c) is effected by means of the result of this evaluation. 37. The method according to claim 35, wherein step b) further includes at least one of the following steps of:
determining and evaluating a parameter of the charging pulse and/or the read-out pulse; determining and evaluating a measurement parameter made use of to capture the measured value; determining and evaluating a background radiation; determining and evaluating a temporal relationship between the charging pulse and/or the read-out pulse and the capture of the measured value. 38. The method according to claim 35, wherein the optical storage phosphor has trap centers and luminous centers, wherein
charge carriers present in the optical storage phosphor are located at least partially in the trap centers before step a) and the charge carriers transition at least partially from the luminous centers into the trap centers due to the charging pulse and/or transition at least partially from the trap centers into the luminous centers due to the read-out pulse and relax radiatively in the luminous centers. 39. The method according to claim 35, wherein an electrical conductivity of the optical storage phosphor during the application of the charging pulse and/or the read-out pulse in step a) is higher than outside the application. 40. The method according to claim 35, wherein before step a) a further measured value is captured by detecting an optical intensity. 41. An apparatus for carrying out a method according to claim 35, comprising
a light source, which is adapted to apply the at least one charging pulse and/or the at least one read-out pulse to the optical storage phosphor in step a), a detection device for detecting the optical emission and for capturing the measured value in step b), and an evaluation device which is adapted to evaluate the captured measured value and, by means of the evaluation, to carry out the authenticity assessment on the basis of a specific positive detection of the storage phosphor in step c). 42. An authenticity feature having an optical storage phosphor according to claim 23. 43. The authenticity feature according to claim 42, wherein the optical storage phosphor has a read-out spectrum with a pronounced spectral structure, with at least two local maxima. 44. A value document having at least one authenticity feature according to claim 42. | 1,600 |
345,398 | 16,643,299 | 1,645 | The present invention provides a linear module, which includes a casing, and a linear transmission device (20). The casing has an internal cavity, in which the linear transmission device (20) is at least partially disposed, and an output opening (31) which extends along a movement direction of the linear transmission device (20) defined on the case. A sealing band (32) is arranged at the output opening (31). The linear module further includes a first rolling mechanism (50) which is moveable in synchronization with the linear transmission device (20) and is arranged on a side of the sealing band (32) which is away from the internal cavity. The first rolling mechanism (50) is in rolling contact with the sealing band (32). This linear module enables high cleanliness and has good sealing performance, high accuracy and high stability. | 1. A linear module, comprising a casing and a linear transmission device, wherein the casing has an internal cavity in which the linear transmission device is at least partially disposed, the casing defines thereon an output opening which extends along a movement direction of the linear transmission device, a sealing band is provided at the output opening, wherein the linear module further comprises a first rolling mechanism which is moveable in synchronization with the linear transmission device, the first rolling mechanism is arranged on a side of the sealing band that is away from the internal cavity, and the first rolling mechanism is in rolling contact with the sealing band. 2. The linear module of claim 1, further comprising a second rolling mechanism which is moveable in synchronization with the linear transmission device, the second rolling mechanism is arranged on a side of the sealing band that faces towards the internal cavity, and the second rolling mechanism is in rolling contact with the sealing band. 3. The linear module of claim 2, wherein a number of the second rolling mechanism is one and a number of the first rolling mechanisms is more than one, wherein the first rolling mechanisms are disposed symmetrically on opposing sides of the second rolling mechanism along the movement direction of the linear transmission assembly. 4. The linear module of claim 3, wherein the number of the first rolling mechanisms is two. 5. The linear module of claim 2, wherein
a number of the second rolling mechanisms is more than one, wherein the second rolling mechanisms are spaced apart from one another along the movement direction of the linear transmission device; a number of the first rolling mechanisms is two, wherein the first rolling mechanisms are disposed symmetrically on opposing sides of the second rolling mechanisms along the movement direction of the linear transmission device. 6. The linear module of claim 5, wherein the number of the second rolling mechanisms is two. 7. The linear module of claim 2, wherein the linear transmission device comprises a slide table configured for linear movement, the first rolling mechanism and the second rolling mechanism are arranged on and in rolling connection with the slide table. 8. The linear module of claim 7, wherein the first rolling mechanism is disposed close to an edge of the slide table and the second rolling mechanism is disposed inside the slide table. 9. The linear module of claim 7, wherein the slide table comprises an adapter and a slide block fixed to the adapter, and wherein the second rolling mechanism and first rolling mechanism are arranged on the adapter and/or the slide block. 10. The linear module of claim 2, wherein the first rolling mechanism comprises a first wear-resistant rolling member which is in rolling contact with the sealing band, and the first wear-resistant rolling member is made of a magnetic wear-resistant material. 11. The linear module of claim 10, wherein the first rolling mechanism further comprises first bearing adjusting nuts, first bearings, first stop rings and a first support shaft, wherein the first bearings are sleeved over respective ends of the first support shaft and are fixed to the slide table, the first wear-resistant rolling member is fixed over the first support shaft, each of the first stop rings is sleeved over the first support shaft and is closer to the first wear-resistant rolling member and is configured to fix an outer ring of a corresponding one of the first bearings, each of the first bearing adjusting nuts is sleeved over the first support shaft and is farther away from the first wear-resistant rolling member and is configured to fix an inner ring of a corresponding one of the first bearings. 12. The linear module of claim 2, wherein the second rolling mechanism comprises a second wear-resistant rolling member which is in rolling contact with the sealing band, and the second wear-resistant rolling member is made of a lightweight wear-resistant material. 13. The linear module of claim 12, wherein the second rolling mechanism further comprises second bearing adjusting nuts, second bearings, second stop rings and a second support shaft, wherein the second bearings are sleeved over respective ends of the second support shaft and are fixed to the slide table, the second wear-resistant rolling member is fixed over the second support shaft, each of the second stop rings is sleeved over the second support shaft and is closer to the second wear-resistant rolling member and is configured to fix an outer ring of a corresponding one of the second bearings, each of the second bearing adjusting nuts is sleeved over the second support shaft and is farther away from the second wear-resistant rolling member and is configured to fix an inner ring of a corresponding one of the second bearing. 14. The linear module of claim 1, wherein the casing comprises a base and a cover arranged on the base, the internal cavity is formed between the base and the cover, the cover is provided with magnetic strips extending on both sides of the output opening along the movement direction of the linear transmission device, and the sealing band covers at least a part of each of the magnetic strips. 15. The linear module of claim 14, wherein the cover is provided with a front holder and a rear holder, and wherein the linear transmission device comprises a lead screw, a nut, a guide rail and bearings, all disposed within the casing, and a slide table disposed at least partially outside the casing, one end of the lead screw is disposed at the front holder via one of the bearings and extends through the front holder and is coupled to a driving apparatus arranged outside the casing, a further end of the lead screw is rotatably connected with the rear holder via a further one of the bearings, the nut is movably disposed over the lead screw and is connected to the slide table, the guide rail is disposed on the base, and the slide table is movably disposed on the guide rail. 16. An operating method of a linear module, wherein the linear module comprises a casing, a linear transmission device and a first rolling mechanism, wherein the casing has an internal cavity in which the linear transmission device is at least partially disposed, the casing defines thereon an output opening and a sealing band is provided at the output opening, and wherein the operating method comprises:
causing the first rolling mechanism to move in synchronization with the linear transmission device, during which the first rolling mechanism rolls relative to the sealing band; and pressing, by the first rolling mechanism, a portion of the sealing band that is interacting with the linear transmission device toward the internal cavity. 17. The operating method of the linear module of claim 16, wherein the linear module further comprises a second rolling mechanism, and wherein the operating method further comprises:
causing the second rolling mechanism to move in synchronization with the linear transmission device, during which the second rolling mechanism rolls relative to the sealing band; and lifting, by the second rolling mechanism, a portion of the sealing band that comes into contact with the second rolling mechanism, from the output opening in a direction away from the internal cavity, to form a gap. | The present invention provides a linear module, which includes a casing, and a linear transmission device (20). The casing has an internal cavity, in which the linear transmission device (20) is at least partially disposed, and an output opening (31) which extends along a movement direction of the linear transmission device (20) defined on the case. A sealing band (32) is arranged at the output opening (31). The linear module further includes a first rolling mechanism (50) which is moveable in synchronization with the linear transmission device (20) and is arranged on a side of the sealing band (32) which is away from the internal cavity. The first rolling mechanism (50) is in rolling contact with the sealing band (32). This linear module enables high cleanliness and has good sealing performance, high accuracy and high stability.1. A linear module, comprising a casing and a linear transmission device, wherein the casing has an internal cavity in which the linear transmission device is at least partially disposed, the casing defines thereon an output opening which extends along a movement direction of the linear transmission device, a sealing band is provided at the output opening, wherein the linear module further comprises a first rolling mechanism which is moveable in synchronization with the linear transmission device, the first rolling mechanism is arranged on a side of the sealing band that is away from the internal cavity, and the first rolling mechanism is in rolling contact with the sealing band. 2. The linear module of claim 1, further comprising a second rolling mechanism which is moveable in synchronization with the linear transmission device, the second rolling mechanism is arranged on a side of the sealing band that faces towards the internal cavity, and the second rolling mechanism is in rolling contact with the sealing band. 3. The linear module of claim 2, wherein a number of the second rolling mechanism is one and a number of the first rolling mechanisms is more than one, wherein the first rolling mechanisms are disposed symmetrically on opposing sides of the second rolling mechanism along the movement direction of the linear transmission assembly. 4. The linear module of claim 3, wherein the number of the first rolling mechanisms is two. 5. The linear module of claim 2, wherein
a number of the second rolling mechanisms is more than one, wherein the second rolling mechanisms are spaced apart from one another along the movement direction of the linear transmission device; a number of the first rolling mechanisms is two, wherein the first rolling mechanisms are disposed symmetrically on opposing sides of the second rolling mechanisms along the movement direction of the linear transmission device. 6. The linear module of claim 5, wherein the number of the second rolling mechanisms is two. 7. The linear module of claim 2, wherein the linear transmission device comprises a slide table configured for linear movement, the first rolling mechanism and the second rolling mechanism are arranged on and in rolling connection with the slide table. 8. The linear module of claim 7, wherein the first rolling mechanism is disposed close to an edge of the slide table and the second rolling mechanism is disposed inside the slide table. 9. The linear module of claim 7, wherein the slide table comprises an adapter and a slide block fixed to the adapter, and wherein the second rolling mechanism and first rolling mechanism are arranged on the adapter and/or the slide block. 10. The linear module of claim 2, wherein the first rolling mechanism comprises a first wear-resistant rolling member which is in rolling contact with the sealing band, and the first wear-resistant rolling member is made of a magnetic wear-resistant material. 11. The linear module of claim 10, wherein the first rolling mechanism further comprises first bearing adjusting nuts, first bearings, first stop rings and a first support shaft, wherein the first bearings are sleeved over respective ends of the first support shaft and are fixed to the slide table, the first wear-resistant rolling member is fixed over the first support shaft, each of the first stop rings is sleeved over the first support shaft and is closer to the first wear-resistant rolling member and is configured to fix an outer ring of a corresponding one of the first bearings, each of the first bearing adjusting nuts is sleeved over the first support shaft and is farther away from the first wear-resistant rolling member and is configured to fix an inner ring of a corresponding one of the first bearings. 12. The linear module of claim 2, wherein the second rolling mechanism comprises a second wear-resistant rolling member which is in rolling contact with the sealing band, and the second wear-resistant rolling member is made of a lightweight wear-resistant material. 13. The linear module of claim 12, wherein the second rolling mechanism further comprises second bearing adjusting nuts, second bearings, second stop rings and a second support shaft, wherein the second bearings are sleeved over respective ends of the second support shaft and are fixed to the slide table, the second wear-resistant rolling member is fixed over the second support shaft, each of the second stop rings is sleeved over the second support shaft and is closer to the second wear-resistant rolling member and is configured to fix an outer ring of a corresponding one of the second bearings, each of the second bearing adjusting nuts is sleeved over the second support shaft and is farther away from the second wear-resistant rolling member and is configured to fix an inner ring of a corresponding one of the second bearing. 14. The linear module of claim 1, wherein the casing comprises a base and a cover arranged on the base, the internal cavity is formed between the base and the cover, the cover is provided with magnetic strips extending on both sides of the output opening along the movement direction of the linear transmission device, and the sealing band covers at least a part of each of the magnetic strips. 15. The linear module of claim 14, wherein the cover is provided with a front holder and a rear holder, and wherein the linear transmission device comprises a lead screw, a nut, a guide rail and bearings, all disposed within the casing, and a slide table disposed at least partially outside the casing, one end of the lead screw is disposed at the front holder via one of the bearings and extends through the front holder and is coupled to a driving apparatus arranged outside the casing, a further end of the lead screw is rotatably connected with the rear holder via a further one of the bearings, the nut is movably disposed over the lead screw and is connected to the slide table, the guide rail is disposed on the base, and the slide table is movably disposed on the guide rail. 16. An operating method of a linear module, wherein the linear module comprises a casing, a linear transmission device and a first rolling mechanism, wherein the casing has an internal cavity in which the linear transmission device is at least partially disposed, the casing defines thereon an output opening and a sealing band is provided at the output opening, and wherein the operating method comprises:
causing the first rolling mechanism to move in synchronization with the linear transmission device, during which the first rolling mechanism rolls relative to the sealing band; and pressing, by the first rolling mechanism, a portion of the sealing band that is interacting with the linear transmission device toward the internal cavity. 17. The operating method of the linear module of claim 16, wherein the linear module further comprises a second rolling mechanism, and wherein the operating method further comprises:
causing the second rolling mechanism to move in synchronization with the linear transmission device, during which the second rolling mechanism rolls relative to the sealing band; and lifting, by the second rolling mechanism, a portion of the sealing band that comes into contact with the second rolling mechanism, from the output opening in a direction away from the internal cavity, to form a gap. | 1,600 |
345,399 | 16,643,307 | 1,645 | A micro-LED display device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The method comprises: forming micro-LEDs (202) on a carrier substrate (201), wherein the carrier substrate (201) is transparent for a laser which is used in laser lifting-off; filling trenches between the micro-LEDs (202) on the carrier substrate (201) with a holding material (209); performing a laser lifting-off on selected ones of the micro-LEDs (202) to lift off them from the carrier substrate (201), wherein the selected micro-LEDs (202) are held on the carrier substrate (201) through the holding material (209); bonding the selected micro-LEDs (202) onto a receiving substrate (207) of the micro-LED display device; separating the selected micro-LEDs (202) from the carrier substrate (201) to transfer them to the receiving substrate (207). | 1. A method for manufacturing a micro-LED display device, comprising:
forming micro-LEDs on a carrier substrate, wherein the carrier substrate is transparent for a laser which is used in laser lifting-off; filling trenches between the micro-LEDs on the carrier substrate with a holding material; performing a laser lifting-off on selected ones of the micro-LEDs to lift off them from the carrier substrate, wherein the selected micro-LEDs are held on the carrier substrate through the holding material; bonding the selected micro-LEDs onto a receiving substrate of the micro-LED display device; and separating the selected micro-LEDs from the carrier substrate to transfer them to the receiving substrate. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
reducing thickness of the holding material to be lower than that of the micro-LEDs before performing the laser lifting-off. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
reducing thickness of the holding material to be lower than that of the micro-LEDs after performing the laser lifting-off. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier substrate is a sapphire substrate, and the micro-LEDs are blue micro-LEDs or green micro-LEDs. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier substrate is a GaAs substrate, and the micro-LEDs are red micro-LEDs. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the holding material includes at least one of photoresist, glue, polymer, silicone, or grease. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the holding material is photoresist and is removed after bonding the selected micro-LEDs onto a receiving substrate. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the selected micro-LEDs are separated from the carrier substrate with removing the holding material and with separating the carrier substrate from the receiving substrate. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selected micro-LEDs are separated from the carrier substrate with assistance of heating and then cooling the carrier substrate and the receiving substrate. 10. A micro-LED display device, which is manufactured by using the method for manufacturing a micro-LED display device according to claim 1. | A micro-LED display device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The method comprises: forming micro-LEDs (202) on a carrier substrate (201), wherein the carrier substrate (201) is transparent for a laser which is used in laser lifting-off; filling trenches between the micro-LEDs (202) on the carrier substrate (201) with a holding material (209); performing a laser lifting-off on selected ones of the micro-LEDs (202) to lift off them from the carrier substrate (201), wherein the selected micro-LEDs (202) are held on the carrier substrate (201) through the holding material (209); bonding the selected micro-LEDs (202) onto a receiving substrate (207) of the micro-LED display device; separating the selected micro-LEDs (202) from the carrier substrate (201) to transfer them to the receiving substrate (207).1. A method for manufacturing a micro-LED display device, comprising:
forming micro-LEDs on a carrier substrate, wherein the carrier substrate is transparent for a laser which is used in laser lifting-off; filling trenches between the micro-LEDs on the carrier substrate with a holding material; performing a laser lifting-off on selected ones of the micro-LEDs to lift off them from the carrier substrate, wherein the selected micro-LEDs are held on the carrier substrate through the holding material; bonding the selected micro-LEDs onto a receiving substrate of the micro-LED display device; and separating the selected micro-LEDs from the carrier substrate to transfer them to the receiving substrate. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
reducing thickness of the holding material to be lower than that of the micro-LEDs before performing the laser lifting-off. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
reducing thickness of the holding material to be lower than that of the micro-LEDs after performing the laser lifting-off. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier substrate is a sapphire substrate, and the micro-LEDs are blue micro-LEDs or green micro-LEDs. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier substrate is a GaAs substrate, and the micro-LEDs are red micro-LEDs. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the holding material includes at least one of photoresist, glue, polymer, silicone, or grease. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the holding material is photoresist and is removed after bonding the selected micro-LEDs onto a receiving substrate. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the selected micro-LEDs are separated from the carrier substrate with removing the holding material and with separating the carrier substrate from the receiving substrate. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selected micro-LEDs are separated from the carrier substrate with assistance of heating and then cooling the carrier substrate and the receiving substrate. 10. A micro-LED display device, which is manufactured by using the method for manufacturing a micro-LED display device according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
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