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345,200 | 16,643,062 | 1,612 | Embodiments of the present disclosure describe methods and apparatuses for group based beam reporting and channel state information reference signal configuration in new radio systems. | 1-27. (canceled) 28. An apparatus for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) interface; and a processor in communication with the RF interface, wherein the processor is configured to: split downlink transmission beams into different groups; generate report information on quality of the downlink transmission beams for a transmit signal path; and indicate a relationship between two reporting instances. 29. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein the relationship between the two reporting instances includes whether downlink transmission beams reported at different reporting instances can be received simultaneously by the UE. 30. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein the quality of the downlink transmission beams is reported by a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block. 31. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein group information is reported together with downlink transmission beam quality. 32. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein the downlink transmission beams within one group are from different UE antenna panels. 33. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein a one-bit indicator is used to indicate whether the downlink transmission beams reported at different reporting instances can be received simultaneously by the UE. 34. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein, for non-group based reporting, the quality of transmission beams are reported by channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) associated with different synchronization signal (SS) block beams. 35. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein, for non-group based reporting, the relationship between two reporting instances is pre-defined or configured by higher layer signaling or downlink control information (DCI) or reported by the UE with an explicit indicator. 36. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein the processor is further configured to:
split uplink transmission beams into different groups;
generate uplink transmission beams together with group information for a transmit signal path; and
send the generated uplink transmission beams to the RF interface. 37. The apparatus of claim 36,
wherein the group information is based on a UE antenna panel or an antenna port for simultaneous transmission. 38. The apparatus of claim 36,
wherein, for non-group based operation, the processor is further configured to:
select uplink transmission beams based on at least one of:
a sounding reference signal resource indicator (SRI);
an indicator or an index; or an index. 39. An apparatus for a base station, comprising:
a memory interface; and a processor in communication with the memory, wherein the processor is configured to:
indicate, to a user equipment (UE), a downlink transmission beam to be used by the UE;
deliver downlink transmission beam grouping information to the UE; and
perform a beam refinement procedure. 40. The apparatus of claim 39,
wherein downlink transmission beams are selected for simultaneous transmission. 41. The apparatus of claim 39,
wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate configuration data for the UE, wherein the configuration data includes a one-bit indicator to indicate whether the UE is to report the transmission beams. 42. The apparatus of claim 39,
wherein the downlink transmission beam grouping information is based on a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set. 43. The apparatus of claim 39,
wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate configuration data for a user equipment (UE) with one or both of channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) and synchronization signal (SS) block for beam management, wherein energy per resource element (EPRE) information is included when configuring the CSI-RS or the SS block, and wherein the ERPE information is configured for each of the CSI-RS. 44. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
at least one antenna; a radio frequency (RF) interface in communication with the at least one antenna; and a processor in in communication with the RF interface, wherein the processor is configured to cause the UE to:
measure one or both of channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) beams or synchronization signal (SS) block beams;
calculate L1-reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) for beam reporting;
scale the L1-RSRP based on energy per resource element (EPRE) information; and
generate information on quality of downlink transmission beams for a transmit signal path. 45. The UE of claim 44,
wherein, when a joint CSI-RS and SS block is used, the processor is further configured to cause the UE to:
calculate L1-RSRP based on a CSI-RS part of the joint CSI-RS and SS block, based on an SS block part of the joint CSI-RS and SS block, or based on both parts of the joint CSI-RS and SS block. 46. The UE of claim 44,
wherein the processor is further configured to cause the UE to:
report one of a quasi co-located CSI-RS resources based on at least one of:
a minimal RSRP;
a maximum RSRP; or
an average RSRP from both CSI-RS resources. 47. The UE of claim 46,
wherein a quasi co-location (QCL) between two CSI-RS resources is configured by at least one of:
higher layer signaling;
downlink control information (DCI); or
a CSI-RS resource index; and
wherein the quasi co-located CSI-RS resource is mapped in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner. | Embodiments of the present disclosure describe methods and apparatuses for group based beam reporting and channel state information reference signal configuration in new radio systems.1-27. (canceled) 28. An apparatus for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) interface; and a processor in communication with the RF interface, wherein the processor is configured to: split downlink transmission beams into different groups; generate report information on quality of the downlink transmission beams for a transmit signal path; and indicate a relationship between two reporting instances. 29. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein the relationship between the two reporting instances includes whether downlink transmission beams reported at different reporting instances can be received simultaneously by the UE. 30. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein the quality of the downlink transmission beams is reported by a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block. 31. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein group information is reported together with downlink transmission beam quality. 32. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein the downlink transmission beams within one group are from different UE antenna panels. 33. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein a one-bit indicator is used to indicate whether the downlink transmission beams reported at different reporting instances can be received simultaneously by the UE. 34. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein, for non-group based reporting, the quality of transmission beams are reported by channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) associated with different synchronization signal (SS) block beams. 35. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein, for non-group based reporting, the relationship between two reporting instances is pre-defined or configured by higher layer signaling or downlink control information (DCI) or reported by the UE with an explicit indicator. 36. The apparatus of claim 28,
wherein the processor is further configured to:
split uplink transmission beams into different groups;
generate uplink transmission beams together with group information for a transmit signal path; and
send the generated uplink transmission beams to the RF interface. 37. The apparatus of claim 36,
wherein the group information is based on a UE antenna panel or an antenna port for simultaneous transmission. 38. The apparatus of claim 36,
wherein, for non-group based operation, the processor is further configured to:
select uplink transmission beams based on at least one of:
a sounding reference signal resource indicator (SRI);
an indicator or an index; or an index. 39. An apparatus for a base station, comprising:
a memory interface; and a processor in communication with the memory, wherein the processor is configured to:
indicate, to a user equipment (UE), a downlink transmission beam to be used by the UE;
deliver downlink transmission beam grouping information to the UE; and
perform a beam refinement procedure. 40. The apparatus of claim 39,
wherein downlink transmission beams are selected for simultaneous transmission. 41. The apparatus of claim 39,
wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate configuration data for the UE, wherein the configuration data includes a one-bit indicator to indicate whether the UE is to report the transmission beams. 42. The apparatus of claim 39,
wherein the downlink transmission beam grouping information is based on a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set. 43. The apparatus of claim 39,
wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate configuration data for a user equipment (UE) with one or both of channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) and synchronization signal (SS) block for beam management, wherein energy per resource element (EPRE) information is included when configuring the CSI-RS or the SS block, and wherein the ERPE information is configured for each of the CSI-RS. 44. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
at least one antenna; a radio frequency (RF) interface in communication with the at least one antenna; and a processor in in communication with the RF interface, wherein the processor is configured to cause the UE to:
measure one or both of channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) beams or synchronization signal (SS) block beams;
calculate L1-reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) for beam reporting;
scale the L1-RSRP based on energy per resource element (EPRE) information; and
generate information on quality of downlink transmission beams for a transmit signal path. 45. The UE of claim 44,
wherein, when a joint CSI-RS and SS block is used, the processor is further configured to cause the UE to:
calculate L1-RSRP based on a CSI-RS part of the joint CSI-RS and SS block, based on an SS block part of the joint CSI-RS and SS block, or based on both parts of the joint CSI-RS and SS block. 46. The UE of claim 44,
wherein the processor is further configured to cause the UE to:
report one of a quasi co-located CSI-RS resources based on at least one of:
a minimal RSRP;
a maximum RSRP; or
an average RSRP from both CSI-RS resources. 47. The UE of claim 46,
wherein a quasi co-location (QCL) between two CSI-RS resources is configured by at least one of:
higher layer signaling;
downlink control information (DCI); or
a CSI-RS resource index; and
wherein the quasi co-located CSI-RS resource is mapped in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner. | 1,600 |
345,201 | 16,643,087 | 1,612 | This disclosure relates to an array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, as well as a corresponding display panel and display device. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a first electrode layer, an insulating layer and an electrically conductive member on the base substrate sequentially, at least one first via hole passing through the insulating layer, and at least one first electrical conductor. Each first electrical conductor is filled in a corresponding first via hole to electrically connect the first electrode layer and the electrically conductive member. | 1. An array substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a first electrode layer, an insulating layer and an electrically conductive member on the base substrate stacked sequentially; at least one first via hole through the insulating layer; and at least one first electrical conductor, wherein each first electrical conductor is in a corresponding first via hole to electrically connect the first electrode layer and the electrically conductive member. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive member comprises a transparent conductive layer or a flexible printed circuit. 3. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the first electrical conductor comprises a negative photoresist doped with electrically conductive particles. 4. The array substrate according to claim 2,
wherein the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes in an array, and wherein each first electrode is electrically connected with the electrically conductive member via the at least one first electrical conductor. 5. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the insulating layer comprises a first insulating layer facing the first electrode layer and a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer. 6. The array substrate according to claim 5, further comprising:
a second electrode layer between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer; at least one second via hole through the second insulating layer; and at least one second electrical conductor, wherein each of the at least one second electrical conductor is in a corresponding second via hole to electrically connect the second electrode layer and the electrically conductive member. 7. The array substrate according to claim 6,
wherein the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of second electrodes in an array, and wherein each second electrode is electrically connected with the electrically conductive member via the at least one second electrical conductor. 8. The array substrate according to claim 1,
wherein the first electrical conductor has a thickness greater than that of the insulating layer. 9. A display panel, comprising the array substrate according to claim 1. 10. A display device, comprising the display panel according to claim 9. 11. A manufacturing method for an array substrate, comprising:
forming a first electrode layer and an insulating layer sequentially on a base substrate; forming at least one first via hole through the insulating layer; filling a corresponding first electrical conductor in each first via hole; and forming an electrically conductive member at least partially covering the insulating layer such that the electrically conductive member is electrically connected with the first electrode layer via the corresponding first electrical conductor. 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the of filling the corresponding first electrical conductor in each first via hole comprises:
applying a negative photoresist doped with electrically conductive particles on the insulating layer on which the first via holes have been formed, and exposing and developing the negative photoresist by using a mask to form at least one first electrical conductor filled in a corresponding first via hole respectively. 13. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the insulating layer comprises a first insulating layer facing the first electrode layer and a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, wherein the forming at least one first via hole through the insulating layer comprises forming at least one first via hole through the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, and wherein the manufacturing method further comprises:
forming a second electrically conductive layer between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer; and forming at least one second via hole passing through the second insulating layer; and filling a corresponding second electrical conductor in each second via hole to electrically connect the electrically conductive member and a second electrode layer. 14. The manufacturing method according to claim 13, wherein the filling the corresponding first electrical conductor in each first via hole and the filling a corresponding second electrical conductor in each second via hole are executed at a same time by performing operations comprising:
applying an electrically conductive material on the insulating layer on which the first via holes and the second via holes have been formed; and removing by a patterning process other electrically conductive material that is applied except at positions of the first via holes and the second via holes, to form the at least one first electrical conductor and the corresponding second electrical conductor in the first via holes and the second via holes respectively. | This disclosure relates to an array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, as well as a corresponding display panel and display device. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a first electrode layer, an insulating layer and an electrically conductive member on the base substrate sequentially, at least one first via hole passing through the insulating layer, and at least one first electrical conductor. Each first electrical conductor is filled in a corresponding first via hole to electrically connect the first electrode layer and the electrically conductive member.1. An array substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a first electrode layer, an insulating layer and an electrically conductive member on the base substrate stacked sequentially; at least one first via hole through the insulating layer; and at least one first electrical conductor, wherein each first electrical conductor is in a corresponding first via hole to electrically connect the first electrode layer and the electrically conductive member. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive member comprises a transparent conductive layer or a flexible printed circuit. 3. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the first electrical conductor comprises a negative photoresist doped with electrically conductive particles. 4. The array substrate according to claim 2,
wherein the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes in an array, and wherein each first electrode is electrically connected with the electrically conductive member via the at least one first electrical conductor. 5. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein the insulating layer comprises a first insulating layer facing the first electrode layer and a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer. 6. The array substrate according to claim 5, further comprising:
a second electrode layer between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer; at least one second via hole through the second insulating layer; and at least one second electrical conductor, wherein each of the at least one second electrical conductor is in a corresponding second via hole to electrically connect the second electrode layer and the electrically conductive member. 7. The array substrate according to claim 6,
wherein the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of second electrodes in an array, and wherein each second electrode is electrically connected with the electrically conductive member via the at least one second electrical conductor. 8. The array substrate according to claim 1,
wherein the first electrical conductor has a thickness greater than that of the insulating layer. 9. A display panel, comprising the array substrate according to claim 1. 10. A display device, comprising the display panel according to claim 9. 11. A manufacturing method for an array substrate, comprising:
forming a first electrode layer and an insulating layer sequentially on a base substrate; forming at least one first via hole through the insulating layer; filling a corresponding first electrical conductor in each first via hole; and forming an electrically conductive member at least partially covering the insulating layer such that the electrically conductive member is electrically connected with the first electrode layer via the corresponding first electrical conductor. 12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the of filling the corresponding first electrical conductor in each first via hole comprises:
applying a negative photoresist doped with electrically conductive particles on the insulating layer on which the first via holes have been formed, and exposing and developing the negative photoresist by using a mask to form at least one first electrical conductor filled in a corresponding first via hole respectively. 13. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the insulating layer comprises a first insulating layer facing the first electrode layer and a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, wherein the forming at least one first via hole through the insulating layer comprises forming at least one first via hole through the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, and wherein the manufacturing method further comprises:
forming a second electrically conductive layer between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer; and forming at least one second via hole passing through the second insulating layer; and filling a corresponding second electrical conductor in each second via hole to electrically connect the electrically conductive member and a second electrode layer. 14. The manufacturing method according to claim 13, wherein the filling the corresponding first electrical conductor in each first via hole and the filling a corresponding second electrical conductor in each second via hole are executed at a same time by performing operations comprising:
applying an electrically conductive material on the insulating layer on which the first via holes and the second via holes have been formed; and removing by a patterning process other electrically conductive material that is applied except at positions of the first via holes and the second via holes, to form the at least one first electrical conductor and the corresponding second electrical conductor in the first via holes and the second via holes respectively. | 1,600 |
345,202 | 16,643,102 | 1,612 | A first region includes first transfer column regions distributed in a first direction. A second region includes second transfer column regions distributed in the first direction. The second region is positioned downstream of the first region in a charge transfer direction. Lengths in a second direction of the first transfer column regions are equal. Lengths in the second direction of the second transfer column regions are longer than the length of the first transfer column region, and increase as the second transfer column region is positioned downstream in the charge transfer direction. A third region is disposed to correspond to the first region and extends along the first direction. A fourth region is disposed to correspond to the second region and extends such that an interval between the fourth region and a pixel region increases in response to a change in the lengths of the second transfer column regions. | 1. A solid state imaging device comprising:
a plurality of pixel regions each including a plurality of photosensitive regions two-dimensionally arrayed in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the plurality of pixel regions being distributed in the first direction; a plurality of first transfer sections each distributed with a corresponding pixel region of the plurality of pixel regions in the second direction and arranged to transfer a charge generated in the photosensitive region for each of the corresponding pixel regions; and a plurality of second transfer sections each distributed with a corresponding first transfer section of the plurality of first transfer sections in the second direction, arranged to acquire the charge transferred from the corresponding first transfer section, and arranged to transfer the acquired charge in the first direction, wherein each of the first transfer sections includes
a first region including a plurality of first transfer column regions distributed in the first direction, and
a second region including a plurality of second transfer column regions distributed in the first direction, and positioned downstream of the first region in a charge transfer direction in the second transfer section,
lengths in the second direction of the plurality of first transfer column regions are equal, lengths in the second direction of the plurality of second transfer column region are longer than the length of the first transfer column region, and increase as the second transfer column region is positioned downstream in the charge transfer direction, and each of the second transfer sections includes
a third region disposed to correspond to the first region and extending along the first direction, and
a fourth region disposed to correspond to the second region and extending along a direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction such that an interval between the fourth region and the pixel region in the second direction increases in the charge transfer direction in response to a change in the lengths of the plurality of second transfer column regions. 2. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the second transfer column regions includes a first impurity region and a second impurity region having a higher impurity concentration than that of the first impurity region, the second impurity region is provided in each of the second transfer column regions from one end positioned closer to the pixel region in the second direction or from a vicinity of the one end to another end closer to the second transfer section, and a width of the second impurity region in the first direction increases in a vertical transfer direction from the one end to the other end. 3. The solid state imaging device according to claim 2, wherein
the width of the second impurity region in each section, obtained by dividing the second transfer column region into n sections in the second direction, is set such that an electrical potential difference of the second impurity region between adjacent sections is constant, n being an integer of two or more. 4. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising
a plurality of output sections arranged to acquire the charge from a rear end in the charge transfer direction of a corresponding second transfer section of the plurality of second transfer sections, and to output a signal corresponding to the acquired charge, wherein the output section is disposed in a region surrounded by the corresponding second transfer section and the second transfer section adjacent to the corresponding second transfer section in the charge transfer direction. | A first region includes first transfer column regions distributed in a first direction. A second region includes second transfer column regions distributed in the first direction. The second region is positioned downstream of the first region in a charge transfer direction. Lengths in a second direction of the first transfer column regions are equal. Lengths in the second direction of the second transfer column regions are longer than the length of the first transfer column region, and increase as the second transfer column region is positioned downstream in the charge transfer direction. A third region is disposed to correspond to the first region and extends along the first direction. A fourth region is disposed to correspond to the second region and extends such that an interval between the fourth region and a pixel region increases in response to a change in the lengths of the second transfer column regions.1. A solid state imaging device comprising:
a plurality of pixel regions each including a plurality of photosensitive regions two-dimensionally arrayed in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the plurality of pixel regions being distributed in the first direction; a plurality of first transfer sections each distributed with a corresponding pixel region of the plurality of pixel regions in the second direction and arranged to transfer a charge generated in the photosensitive region for each of the corresponding pixel regions; and a plurality of second transfer sections each distributed with a corresponding first transfer section of the plurality of first transfer sections in the second direction, arranged to acquire the charge transferred from the corresponding first transfer section, and arranged to transfer the acquired charge in the first direction, wherein each of the first transfer sections includes
a first region including a plurality of first transfer column regions distributed in the first direction, and
a second region including a plurality of second transfer column regions distributed in the first direction, and positioned downstream of the first region in a charge transfer direction in the second transfer section,
lengths in the second direction of the plurality of first transfer column regions are equal, lengths in the second direction of the plurality of second transfer column region are longer than the length of the first transfer column region, and increase as the second transfer column region is positioned downstream in the charge transfer direction, and each of the second transfer sections includes
a third region disposed to correspond to the first region and extending along the first direction, and
a fourth region disposed to correspond to the second region and extending along a direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction such that an interval between the fourth region and the pixel region in the second direction increases in the charge transfer direction in response to a change in the lengths of the plurality of second transfer column regions. 2. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the second transfer column regions includes a first impurity region and a second impurity region having a higher impurity concentration than that of the first impurity region, the second impurity region is provided in each of the second transfer column regions from one end positioned closer to the pixel region in the second direction or from a vicinity of the one end to another end closer to the second transfer section, and a width of the second impurity region in the first direction increases in a vertical transfer direction from the one end to the other end. 3. The solid state imaging device according to claim 2, wherein
the width of the second impurity region in each section, obtained by dividing the second transfer column region into n sections in the second direction, is set such that an electrical potential difference of the second impurity region between adjacent sections is constant, n being an integer of two or more. 4. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising
a plurality of output sections arranged to acquire the charge from a rear end in the charge transfer direction of a corresponding second transfer section of the plurality of second transfer sections, and to output a signal corresponding to the acquired charge, wherein the output section is disposed in a region surrounded by the corresponding second transfer section and the second transfer section adjacent to the corresponding second transfer section in the charge transfer direction. | 1,600 |
345,203 | 16,643,107 | 1,612 | The present disclosure relates to methods, arrangements and computer program products for remote subscriber identification module (SIM) provisioning. When performed in a telematics control arrangement, the SIM provisioning method comprises establishing a wireless connection with one or more SIM profile management arrangement and obtaining a plurality of SIM profiles from at least one of the one or more SIM profile management arrangements based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and/or on capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement. Each SIM profile comprises personalized SIM information for communication in at least one wireless communication network of a respective service provider. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for remote subscriber identification module (SIM) profile provisioning of a telematics control arrangement comprisable in a wireless device, the method comprising:
establishing a wireless connection with one or more SIM profile management arrangements; and obtaining a plurality of SIM profiles from at least one of the one or more SIM profile management arrangements based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and/or on capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement, wherein each SIM profile comprises personalized SIM information for communication in at least one wireless communication network of a respective service provider. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein obtaining comprises:
transmitting information to the at least one SIM profile management arrangement for SIM profile provisioning, wherein the information is indicative of the location information for the telematics control arrangement and of the capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement; and receiving information from the at least one SIM profile management arrangement identifying the plurality of SIM profiles. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting information to the SIM profile management arrangement is triggered by receipt of a triggering signal from the at least one SIM profile management arrangement. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting information to the at least one SIM profile management arrangement is triggered in response to operations performed by the telematics control arrangement. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the location information comprises at least one of 3GPP location information, network location information and wireless device location information. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of SIM profiles is comprised in the information received from the at least one SIM profile management arrangement. 30. The method of claim 25, further comprising downloading the plurality of SIM profiles from the at least one SIM profile management arrangement. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the telematics control arrangement is comprised in a wireless device. 32. The method of claim 24, wherein the wireless connection to the one or more SIM profile management arrangements is established using access credentials of a default SIM profile. 33. The method of claim 24, the method further comprising:
storing the plurality of SIM profiles in the telematics control arrangement. 34. The method of claim 24, the method further comprising:
causing activation in a SIM of at least one of the obtained plurality of SIM profiles. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein causing activation in the SIM of at least one of the obtained plurality of SIM profiles comprises:
selecting a SIM profile subset comprising one or more SIM profiles from the obtained plurality of SIM profiles; and hosting the selected SIM profile subset in an embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC) or in an integrated UICC (iUICC) of the wireless device. 36. The method of claim 24 wherein the telematics control arrangement is wearable or comprised in a transport vehicle. 37. A telematics control arrangement configured for remote subscriber identification module (SIM) profile provisioning, the telematics control arrangement comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause the telematics control arrangement to i. establish a wireless connection with one or more SIM profile management arrangements; and ii. obtain a plurality of SIM profiles from at least one of the one or more SIM profile management arrangements based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and/or on capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement, wherein each SIM profile comprises personalized SIM information for communication in at least one wireless communication network of a respective service provider. 38. A method of a subscriber identification module (SIM) profile management arrangement for remote SIM profile provisioning to a telematics control arrangement comprisable in a wireless device, the method comprising
determining a need for SIM profile provisioning to the telematics control arrangement; selecting a plurality of SIM profiles from a totality of SIM profiles registered in the SIM profile arrangement, wherein the selecting is based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement; and causing transmission of information to the telematics control arrangement identifying the selected plurality of SIM profiles. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein determining a need for SIM profile provisioning comprises:
establishing a wireless connection with the telematics control arrangement; and receiving information from the telematics control arrangement, wherein the received information is indicative of the location information for the telematics control arrangement and the capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the location information comprises at least one of 3GPP location information, network location information and wireless device location information. 41. The method of claim 38, further comprising storing the totality of SIM profiles registered in the SIM profile management arrangement. 42. The method of claim 38, further comprising providing the selected plurality of SIM profiles for downloading by the telematics control arrangement. 43. The method of claim 42, further comprising:
registering a customer profile in the SIM profile management arrangement, wherein the customer profile comprises customer information and is associated with access credentials; and providing the selected plurality of SIM profiles for downloading when retrieving access credentials corresponding to a registered customer profile. 44. A subscriber identification module (SIM) profile management arrangement (SPMA) configured for remote subscriber identification module (SIM) profile provisioning, the SPMA comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause the SPMA to i. determine a need for SIM profile provisioning to the telematics control arrangement; ii. select a plurality of SIM profiles from a totality of SIM profiles registered in the SIM profile arrangement, wherein the selecting is based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and/or capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement; and iii. cause transmission of information to the telematics control arrangement identifying the selected plurality of SIM profiles. | The present disclosure relates to methods, arrangements and computer program products for remote subscriber identification module (SIM) provisioning. When performed in a telematics control arrangement, the SIM provisioning method comprises establishing a wireless connection with one or more SIM profile management arrangement and obtaining a plurality of SIM profiles from at least one of the one or more SIM profile management arrangements based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and/or on capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement. Each SIM profile comprises personalized SIM information for communication in at least one wireless communication network of a respective service provider.1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for remote subscriber identification module (SIM) profile provisioning of a telematics control arrangement comprisable in a wireless device, the method comprising:
establishing a wireless connection with one or more SIM profile management arrangements; and obtaining a plurality of SIM profiles from at least one of the one or more SIM profile management arrangements based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and/or on capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement, wherein each SIM profile comprises personalized SIM information for communication in at least one wireless communication network of a respective service provider. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein obtaining comprises:
transmitting information to the at least one SIM profile management arrangement for SIM profile provisioning, wherein the information is indicative of the location information for the telematics control arrangement and of the capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement; and receiving information from the at least one SIM profile management arrangement identifying the plurality of SIM profiles. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting information to the SIM profile management arrangement is triggered by receipt of a triggering signal from the at least one SIM profile management arrangement. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting information to the at least one SIM profile management arrangement is triggered in response to operations performed by the telematics control arrangement. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the location information comprises at least one of 3GPP location information, network location information and wireless device location information. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of SIM profiles is comprised in the information received from the at least one SIM profile management arrangement. 30. The method of claim 25, further comprising downloading the plurality of SIM profiles from the at least one SIM profile management arrangement. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the telematics control arrangement is comprised in a wireless device. 32. The method of claim 24, wherein the wireless connection to the one or more SIM profile management arrangements is established using access credentials of a default SIM profile. 33. The method of claim 24, the method further comprising:
storing the plurality of SIM profiles in the telematics control arrangement. 34. The method of claim 24, the method further comprising:
causing activation in a SIM of at least one of the obtained plurality of SIM profiles. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein causing activation in the SIM of at least one of the obtained plurality of SIM profiles comprises:
selecting a SIM profile subset comprising one or more SIM profiles from the obtained plurality of SIM profiles; and hosting the selected SIM profile subset in an embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC) or in an integrated UICC (iUICC) of the wireless device. 36. The method of claim 24 wherein the telematics control arrangement is wearable or comprised in a transport vehicle. 37. A telematics control arrangement configured for remote subscriber identification module (SIM) profile provisioning, the telematics control arrangement comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause the telematics control arrangement to i. establish a wireless connection with one or more SIM profile management arrangements; and ii. obtain a plurality of SIM profiles from at least one of the one or more SIM profile management arrangements based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and/or on capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement, wherein each SIM profile comprises personalized SIM information for communication in at least one wireless communication network of a respective service provider. 38. A method of a subscriber identification module (SIM) profile management arrangement for remote SIM profile provisioning to a telematics control arrangement comprisable in a wireless device, the method comprising
determining a need for SIM profile provisioning to the telematics control arrangement; selecting a plurality of SIM profiles from a totality of SIM profiles registered in the SIM profile arrangement, wherein the selecting is based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement; and causing transmission of information to the telematics control arrangement identifying the selected plurality of SIM profiles. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein determining a need for SIM profile provisioning comprises:
establishing a wireless connection with the telematics control arrangement; and receiving information from the telematics control arrangement, wherein the received information is indicative of the location information for the telematics control arrangement and the capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the location information comprises at least one of 3GPP location information, network location information and wireless device location information. 41. The method of claim 38, further comprising storing the totality of SIM profiles registered in the SIM profile management arrangement. 42. The method of claim 38, further comprising providing the selected plurality of SIM profiles for downloading by the telematics control arrangement. 43. The method of claim 42, further comprising:
registering a customer profile in the SIM profile management arrangement, wherein the customer profile comprises customer information and is associated with access credentials; and providing the selected plurality of SIM profiles for downloading when retrieving access credentials corresponding to a registered customer profile. 44. A subscriber identification module (SIM) profile management arrangement (SPMA) configured for remote subscriber identification module (SIM) profile provisioning, the SPMA comprising:
processing circuitry configured to cause the SPMA to i. determine a need for SIM profile provisioning to the telematics control arrangement; ii. select a plurality of SIM profiles from a totality of SIM profiles registered in the SIM profile arrangement, wherein the selecting is based on location information for the telematics control arrangement and/or capabilities of wireless communication resources accessible to the telematics control arrangement; and iii. cause transmission of information to the telematics control arrangement identifying the selected plurality of SIM profiles. | 1,600 |
345,204 | 16,643,141 | 2,663 | A method comprises positioning a display screen of a mobile device and a surface of interest such that the display screen of the mobile device faces the surface of interest; emitting light by the display screen, wherein at least part of the emitted light is reflected by the surface of interest; receiving, by a camera of the mobile device, at least part of the light emitted by the display screen and reflected from the surface of interest thereby to generate at least one image; and processing the at least one image to determine at least one property of the surface of interest. | 1. A method comprising:
positioning a display screen of a mobile device and a surface of interest such that the display screen of the mobile device faces the surface of interest; emitting light by the display screen, wherein at least part of the emitted light is reflected by the surface of interest; receiving, by a camera of the mobile device, at least part of the light emitted by the display screen and reflected from the surface of interest thereby to generate at least one image; and processing the at least one image to determine at least one property of the surface of interest. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the positioning of the display screen of the mobile device is such that a distance from the display screen to the surface of interest is less than a focal length of the camera of the mobile device; and
the at least one image comprises at least one unfocused image. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the at least one image comprises extracting at least one feature from the or each image; and
wherein the determining of the at least one property of the surface of interest comprises performing a classification by a machine learning classifier, wherein the classification is based on the extracted at least one feature. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the at least one property of the surface comprises performing a classification of at least one of a material of the surface, a colour of the surface, a texture of the surface. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the emitting of the light by the display screen comprises successively emitting light of each of a plurality of different colours of light, and wherein the at least one image comprises a respective image generated for each of the plurality of different colours of light. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the at least one image comprises, for the or each image, determining a respective amplitude for each of the or a plurality of colours. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the at least one image comprises analysing a reflectance spectrum. 8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising distinguishing, by a spectral sensor of the mobile device, different colours of light emitted from the display screen and reflected from the surface of interest; wherein the determining of the at least one property of the surface of interest is in dependence on an output of the spectral sensor. 9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the light emitted by the display screen and received by the camera sensor comprises visible light and at least one of infrared light, ultraviolet light. 10. A method according to claim 1, further comprising determining based on the determined property of the surface of interest a location of the mobile device. 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein positioning the display screen of the mobile device and the surface of interest comprises placing the mobile phone face-down on the surface of interest. 12. A method according to claim 1, the method comprising determining based on the determined property of the surface of interest at least one of:
an operating mode of a computer program; an operating mode of the mobile device; an operating mode of a further device; an input to a computer program; an input to the mobile device; an input to a further device; a command; a selected one of a set of actions; a selected one of a set of instructions. 13. A method according to claim 1, the method further comprising receiving data from at least one sensor, wherein the determining of the at least one property of the sensor is in dependence on the data from the at least one sensor. 14. An apparatus comprising:
a mobile device comprising a display screen configured to emit light and a camera configured to receive light emitted from the display screen and reflected from a surface of interest, thereby to generate at least one image; and a processor configured to process the at least one image to determine at least one property of the surface of interest. 15. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor forms part of the mobile device. 16. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the mobile device comprises at least one of a mobile computing device, a smartphone, a tablet computer, a smartwatch, a wearable computing device. 17. An apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising a spacing device configured to space the display screen apart from the surface of interest. 18. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the mobile device comprises a mobile phone, and the spacing device comprises or forms part of a mobile phone case. 19. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the spacing device is configured such that, when the spacing device is used to space the display screen apart from the surface of interest, the spacing device at least partially blocks ambient light from a detection region between the display screen and the surface of interest. 20. An apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising a spectral sensor configured to distinguish between different colours of light, wherein the determining of the at least one property of the surface of interest is in dependence on an output of the spectral sensor. 21. A method comprising:
positioning a light source of a mobile device and a surface of interest such that the display screen of the mobile device faces the surface of interest; emitting light by the light source, wherein at least part of the emitted light is reflected by the surface of interest; receiving, by the camera of the mobile device, at least part of the light emitted by the display screen and reflected from the surface of interest thereby to generate at least one image; and processing the at least one image to determine at least one property of the surface of interest. | A method comprises positioning a display screen of a mobile device and a surface of interest such that the display screen of the mobile device faces the surface of interest; emitting light by the display screen, wherein at least part of the emitted light is reflected by the surface of interest; receiving, by a camera of the mobile device, at least part of the light emitted by the display screen and reflected from the surface of interest thereby to generate at least one image; and processing the at least one image to determine at least one property of the surface of interest.1. A method comprising:
positioning a display screen of a mobile device and a surface of interest such that the display screen of the mobile device faces the surface of interest; emitting light by the display screen, wherein at least part of the emitted light is reflected by the surface of interest; receiving, by a camera of the mobile device, at least part of the light emitted by the display screen and reflected from the surface of interest thereby to generate at least one image; and processing the at least one image to determine at least one property of the surface of interest. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the positioning of the display screen of the mobile device is such that a distance from the display screen to the surface of interest is less than a focal length of the camera of the mobile device; and
the at least one image comprises at least one unfocused image. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the at least one image comprises extracting at least one feature from the or each image; and
wherein the determining of the at least one property of the surface of interest comprises performing a classification by a machine learning classifier, wherein the classification is based on the extracted at least one feature. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the at least one property of the surface comprises performing a classification of at least one of a material of the surface, a colour of the surface, a texture of the surface. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the emitting of the light by the display screen comprises successively emitting light of each of a plurality of different colours of light, and wherein the at least one image comprises a respective image generated for each of the plurality of different colours of light. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the at least one image comprises, for the or each image, determining a respective amplitude for each of the or a plurality of colours. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the at least one image comprises analysing a reflectance spectrum. 8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising distinguishing, by a spectral sensor of the mobile device, different colours of light emitted from the display screen and reflected from the surface of interest; wherein the determining of the at least one property of the surface of interest is in dependence on an output of the spectral sensor. 9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the light emitted by the display screen and received by the camera sensor comprises visible light and at least one of infrared light, ultraviolet light. 10. A method according to claim 1, further comprising determining based on the determined property of the surface of interest a location of the mobile device. 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein positioning the display screen of the mobile device and the surface of interest comprises placing the mobile phone face-down on the surface of interest. 12. A method according to claim 1, the method comprising determining based on the determined property of the surface of interest at least one of:
an operating mode of a computer program; an operating mode of the mobile device; an operating mode of a further device; an input to a computer program; an input to the mobile device; an input to a further device; a command; a selected one of a set of actions; a selected one of a set of instructions. 13. A method according to claim 1, the method further comprising receiving data from at least one sensor, wherein the determining of the at least one property of the sensor is in dependence on the data from the at least one sensor. 14. An apparatus comprising:
a mobile device comprising a display screen configured to emit light and a camera configured to receive light emitted from the display screen and reflected from a surface of interest, thereby to generate at least one image; and a processor configured to process the at least one image to determine at least one property of the surface of interest. 15. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor forms part of the mobile device. 16. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the mobile device comprises at least one of a mobile computing device, a smartphone, a tablet computer, a smartwatch, a wearable computing device. 17. An apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising a spacing device configured to space the display screen apart from the surface of interest. 18. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the mobile device comprises a mobile phone, and the spacing device comprises or forms part of a mobile phone case. 19. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the spacing device is configured such that, when the spacing device is used to space the display screen apart from the surface of interest, the spacing device at least partially blocks ambient light from a detection region between the display screen and the surface of interest. 20. An apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising a spectral sensor configured to distinguish between different colours of light, wherein the determining of the at least one property of the surface of interest is in dependence on an output of the spectral sensor. 21. A method comprising:
positioning a light source of a mobile device and a surface of interest such that the display screen of the mobile device faces the surface of interest; emitting light by the light source, wherein at least part of the emitted light is reflected by the surface of interest; receiving, by the camera of the mobile device, at least part of the light emitted by the display screen and reflected from the surface of interest thereby to generate at least one image; and processing the at least one image to determine at least one property of the surface of interest. | 2,600 |
345,205 | 16,643,135 | 2,663 | A fragrance delivery system comprising at least one cartridge containing solid elements loaded by adsorption of an olfactory composition and opened by a grid having holes, the cross-section of which is smaller than the cross-section of the solid elements, wherein the solid elements are made of a polymer ensuring a natural delivery of the fragrances for a period of 6 to 18 months, and in that the cartridge is mounted on a cartridge holder holding the cartridge and connected to a mounting base on a fixed portion by an unstable linkage capable of ensuring an oscillating movement of the cartridge holder around a reference position. | 1. A fragrance delivery system comprising at least one cartridge containing solid elements loaded by adsorption of an olfactory composition and opened by a grid having holes, the cross-section of which is smaller than the cross-section of the solid elements, wherein said solid elements are made of a polymer ensuring a natural delivery of the fragrances for a period of 6 to 18 months, and in that said cartridge is mounted on a cartridge holder holding the cartridge and connected to a mounting base on a fixed portion by an unstable linkage capable of ensuring an oscillating movement of said cartridge holder around a reference position. 2. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge is positioned above said base. 3. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the system has a means for fixing in the passenger compartment of a vehicle by means of a base for fixing to a fixed portion of a vehicle by means of an unstable linkage capable of ensuring an oscillating movement of said cartridge holder around a reference position during accelerations of said fixed portion of the vehicle along at least one axis. 4. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said oscillating movements comprise a vector perpendicular to the surface of said grid. 5. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder is connected to the fixing base by a flexible rod. 6. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder is connected to the base by a flexible rod provided with a counterweight at an end closest to the cartridge. 7. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder is connected to the base by a horizontal pivot offset with respect to the barycentre of said holder. 8. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder is suspended from said base. 9. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder consists of a disc-shaped plate having at least one radially positioned cartridge holder, said plate comprising an unbalanced ballast. 10. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises an inertial disc accessible for the transmission of a manual impulse. | A fragrance delivery system comprising at least one cartridge containing solid elements loaded by adsorption of an olfactory composition and opened by a grid having holes, the cross-section of which is smaller than the cross-section of the solid elements, wherein the solid elements are made of a polymer ensuring a natural delivery of the fragrances for a period of 6 to 18 months, and in that the cartridge is mounted on a cartridge holder holding the cartridge and connected to a mounting base on a fixed portion by an unstable linkage capable of ensuring an oscillating movement of the cartridge holder around a reference position.1. A fragrance delivery system comprising at least one cartridge containing solid elements loaded by adsorption of an olfactory composition and opened by a grid having holes, the cross-section of which is smaller than the cross-section of the solid elements, wherein said solid elements are made of a polymer ensuring a natural delivery of the fragrances for a period of 6 to 18 months, and in that said cartridge is mounted on a cartridge holder holding the cartridge and connected to a mounting base on a fixed portion by an unstable linkage capable of ensuring an oscillating movement of said cartridge holder around a reference position. 2. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge is positioned above said base. 3. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the system has a means for fixing in the passenger compartment of a vehicle by means of a base for fixing to a fixed portion of a vehicle by means of an unstable linkage capable of ensuring an oscillating movement of said cartridge holder around a reference position during accelerations of said fixed portion of the vehicle along at least one axis. 4. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said oscillating movements comprise a vector perpendicular to the surface of said grid. 5. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder is connected to the fixing base by a flexible rod. 6. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder is connected to the base by a flexible rod provided with a counterweight at an end closest to the cartridge. 7. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder is connected to the base by a horizontal pivot offset with respect to the barycentre of said holder. 8. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder is suspended from said base. 9. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein said cartridge holder consists of a disc-shaped plate having at least one radially positioned cartridge holder, said plate comprising an unbalanced ballast. 10. The fragrance delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises an inertial disc accessible for the transmission of a manual impulse. | 2,600 |
345,206 | 16,643,133 | 1,634 | The present invention relates to a genetic probe for the detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or a single nucleotide modification of a target nucleic acid, the genetic probe comprising: —a nanoparticle; —an oligonucleotide probe anchored to the surface of the nanoparticle, comprising an oligonucleotide backbone with a tag incorporated therein via a linker group; and —a reference probe anchored to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein the reference probe comprises a marker; wherein either (a) the tag is an organic fluorescent tag and the marker is a transition metal-based fluorescent marker; or (b) the tag is a redox-active tag and the marker is a transition metal-based redox-active marker. The invention also relates to a composition or kit containing a probe of the invention, or to the use of a probe of the invention. The invention also relates to a method of determining the percentage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or single nucleotide modifications of a target nucleic acid in a pool of the target nucleic acid, or to a method of determining the status of a condition associated with a known SNP in a subject | 1.-46. (canceled) 47. A genetic probe for the detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or a single nucleotide modification of a target nucleic acid, the genetic probe comprising:
a nanoparticle; an oligonucleotide probe anchored to the surface of the nanoparticle, comprising an oligonucleotide backbone with a tag incorporated therein via a linker group; and a reference probe anchored to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein the reference probe comprises a marker; 48. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the nanoparticle is formed from a material selected from: metals, metal oxides, silica, graphene, and quantum dots. 49. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the tag is a planar aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety or a planar macrocyclic transition metal complex. 50. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the tag is a fluorescent tag based on any of the following chemical families: thiazine or cyanine or pyrene or xanthene or acridine or anthracene or anthraquinone. 51. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the tag is a redox-active tag based on any of the following chemical families: phenanthridines, phenothiazines, phenazines, acridines, anthraquinones; or is based on metal complexes containing intercalating ligands; or is based on a planar macrocyclic transition metal complex. 52. The genetic probe of claim 51, wherein the redox-active tag is a transition metal complex with a cyclidene [14] ligand as shown below: 53. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the linker group is of formula (I): 54. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the marker is a transition metal-based fluorescent marker which is a complex of a transition metal with an aromatic ligand or a chelating carboxylate-based ligand. 55. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the marker is a transition metal-based redox-active marker that is selected from ferricyanide/ferrocyanide, ferrocene and derivatives thereof, hexacyanoruthenate, and hexacyanoosmate. 56. A composition that comprises a plurality of genetic probes as defined in claim 47. 57. A method of determining the percentage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or single nucleotide modifications of a target nucleic acid in a pool of the target nucleic acid, the method comprising:
contacting the pool of target nucleic acid with an oligonucleotide probe capable of detecting the SNP or single nucleotide modification, 58. The method according to claim 57, wherein the pool of target nucleic acid is in a sample or in situ in a single cell or a population of cells. 59. The method according to claim 57, wherein the sample comprises a cell lysate, a bodily fluid sample, or a nucleic acid sample. 60. The method according to claim 57, wherein the target nucleic acid comprises circulating DNA, optionally circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), mRNA, or cDNA. 61. The method according to claim 57, wherein the target nucleic acid is amplified nucleic acid. 62. The method according to claim 57, wherein the target nucleic is from a subject who has, or is suspected to have, or is at risk of having, a condition associated with an SNP or single nucleotide modification. 63. The method according to claim 57, wherein the method further comprises the use of a second genetic probe. 64. A method of determining the status of a condition associated with a known SNP in a subject, the method comprising:
providing a sample from the subject comprising a target nucleic acid, wherein the target nucleic acid may comprise the SNP; determining the percentage of the SNP in the sample relative to target nucleic acid not having the SNP in accordance with the method according to claim 57, wherein the percentage of the SNP is indicative of the status of the condition associated with the SNP in the subject. 65. A method determining the epigenetic status of a target nucleic acid of a subject, the method comprising determining the percentage of single nucleotide modifications of the target nucleic acid in accordance with the method according to claim 57,
wherein the percentage of the single nucleotide modifications of the target nucleic acid is indicative of the epigenetic status of the target nucleic acid in the subject. 66. A kit for the detection and analysis of the ratio of a SNP and/or a single nucleotide modification of a target nucleic acid in a pool of the target nucleic acid, wherein the kit comprises:
the genetic probe according to claim 47, or an oligonucleotide probe comprising an oligonucleotide backbone with a tag incorporated therein via a linker group, wherein either the tag is an organic fluorescent tag or a redox-active tag, and wherein the tag is in a position that is arranged to be paired with a nucleotide of the target nucleic acid to be interrogated; and a first standard target nucleic acid for use as a standard in a calibration, wherein the first target nucleic acid comprises the SNP or single nucleotide modification to be analysed; and a second standard target nucleic acid for use as a standard in calibration, wherein the second target nucleic acid does not comprise the SNP or single nucleotide modification to be analysed. | The present invention relates to a genetic probe for the detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or a single nucleotide modification of a target nucleic acid, the genetic probe comprising: —a nanoparticle; —an oligonucleotide probe anchored to the surface of the nanoparticle, comprising an oligonucleotide backbone with a tag incorporated therein via a linker group; and —a reference probe anchored to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein the reference probe comprises a marker; wherein either (a) the tag is an organic fluorescent tag and the marker is a transition metal-based fluorescent marker; or (b) the tag is a redox-active tag and the marker is a transition metal-based redox-active marker. The invention also relates to a composition or kit containing a probe of the invention, or to the use of a probe of the invention. The invention also relates to a method of determining the percentage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or single nucleotide modifications of a target nucleic acid in a pool of the target nucleic acid, or to a method of determining the status of a condition associated with a known SNP in a subject1.-46. (canceled) 47. A genetic probe for the detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or a single nucleotide modification of a target nucleic acid, the genetic probe comprising:
a nanoparticle; an oligonucleotide probe anchored to the surface of the nanoparticle, comprising an oligonucleotide backbone with a tag incorporated therein via a linker group; and a reference probe anchored to the surface of the nanoparticle, wherein the reference probe comprises a marker; 48. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the nanoparticle is formed from a material selected from: metals, metal oxides, silica, graphene, and quantum dots. 49. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the tag is a planar aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety or a planar macrocyclic transition metal complex. 50. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the tag is a fluorescent tag based on any of the following chemical families: thiazine or cyanine or pyrene or xanthene or acridine or anthracene or anthraquinone. 51. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the tag is a redox-active tag based on any of the following chemical families: phenanthridines, phenothiazines, phenazines, acridines, anthraquinones; or is based on metal complexes containing intercalating ligands; or is based on a planar macrocyclic transition metal complex. 52. The genetic probe of claim 51, wherein the redox-active tag is a transition metal complex with a cyclidene [14] ligand as shown below: 53. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the linker group is of formula (I): 54. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the marker is a transition metal-based fluorescent marker which is a complex of a transition metal with an aromatic ligand or a chelating carboxylate-based ligand. 55. The genetic probe of claim 47, wherein the marker is a transition metal-based redox-active marker that is selected from ferricyanide/ferrocyanide, ferrocene and derivatives thereof, hexacyanoruthenate, and hexacyanoosmate. 56. A composition that comprises a plurality of genetic probes as defined in claim 47. 57. A method of determining the percentage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or single nucleotide modifications of a target nucleic acid in a pool of the target nucleic acid, the method comprising:
contacting the pool of target nucleic acid with an oligonucleotide probe capable of detecting the SNP or single nucleotide modification, 58. The method according to claim 57, wherein the pool of target nucleic acid is in a sample or in situ in a single cell or a population of cells. 59. The method according to claim 57, wherein the sample comprises a cell lysate, a bodily fluid sample, or a nucleic acid sample. 60. The method according to claim 57, wherein the target nucleic acid comprises circulating DNA, optionally circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), mRNA, or cDNA. 61. The method according to claim 57, wherein the target nucleic acid is amplified nucleic acid. 62. The method according to claim 57, wherein the target nucleic is from a subject who has, or is suspected to have, or is at risk of having, a condition associated with an SNP or single nucleotide modification. 63. The method according to claim 57, wherein the method further comprises the use of a second genetic probe. 64. A method of determining the status of a condition associated with a known SNP in a subject, the method comprising:
providing a sample from the subject comprising a target nucleic acid, wherein the target nucleic acid may comprise the SNP; determining the percentage of the SNP in the sample relative to target nucleic acid not having the SNP in accordance with the method according to claim 57, wherein the percentage of the SNP is indicative of the status of the condition associated with the SNP in the subject. 65. A method determining the epigenetic status of a target nucleic acid of a subject, the method comprising determining the percentage of single nucleotide modifications of the target nucleic acid in accordance with the method according to claim 57,
wherein the percentage of the single nucleotide modifications of the target nucleic acid is indicative of the epigenetic status of the target nucleic acid in the subject. 66. A kit for the detection and analysis of the ratio of a SNP and/or a single nucleotide modification of a target nucleic acid in a pool of the target nucleic acid, wherein the kit comprises:
the genetic probe according to claim 47, or an oligonucleotide probe comprising an oligonucleotide backbone with a tag incorporated therein via a linker group, wherein either the tag is an organic fluorescent tag or a redox-active tag, and wherein the tag is in a position that is arranged to be paired with a nucleotide of the target nucleic acid to be interrogated; and a first standard target nucleic acid for use as a standard in a calibration, wherein the first target nucleic acid comprises the SNP or single nucleotide modification to be analysed; and a second standard target nucleic acid for use as a standard in calibration, wherein the second target nucleic acid does not comprise the SNP or single nucleotide modification to be analysed. | 1,600 |
345,207 | 16,643,110 | 1,634 | The photosensitive region includes a first impurity region and a second impurity region having a higher impurity concentration than that of the first impurity region. The photosensitive region includes one end positioned away from the transfer section in the second direction and another end positioned closer to the transfer section in the second direction. A shape of the second impurity region in plan view is line-symmetric with respect to a center line of the photosensitive region along the second direction. A width of the second impurity region in the first direction increases in a transfer direction from the one end to the other end. An increase rate of the width of the second impurity region in each of sections, obtained by dividing the photosensitive region into n sections in the second direction, becomes gradually higher in the transfer direction. Here, n is an integer of two or more. | 1. A solid state imaging device comprising:
a plurality of photoelectric conversion sections including photosensitive regions and distributed in a first direction, the photosensitive regions being arranged to generate a charge in response to incident light; and a plurality of transfer sections distributed in a second direction intersecting the first direction with corresponding photoelectric conversion sections of the plurality of photoelectric conversion sections and arranged to transfer the charge generated in the corresponding photoelectric conversion sections, wherein the photosensitive region includes a first impurity region and a second impurity region having a higher impurity concentration than that of the first impurity region, and includes one end positioned away from the transfer section in the second direction and another end positioned closer to the transfer section in the second direction, the second impurity region is provided from the one end of the photosensitive region or a vicinity of the one end to the other end of the photosensitive region, and has a shape that is line-symmetric with respect to a center line of the photosensitive region along the second direction in plan view, a width of the second impurity region in the first direction increases in a transfer direction from the one end to the other end, and an increase rate of the width of the second impurity region in each of sections obtained by dividing the photosensitive region into n sections in the second direction becomes gradually higher in the transfer direction, and n is an integer of two or more. 2. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the width of the second impurity region in each of the sections is set such that an electrical potential difference in the photosensitive region between adjacent sections of the sections is constant. 3. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the sections is a section obtained by equally dividing the photosensitive region into n sections in the second direction, and n is an integer of two or more. 4. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the sections is a section obtained by dividing the photosensitive region such that a width in the second direction becomes gradually narrower in the transfer direction. 5. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
an increase rate of the width of the second impurity region changes in such a manner as to increase near the other end in the section closest to the other end. | The photosensitive region includes a first impurity region and a second impurity region having a higher impurity concentration than that of the first impurity region. The photosensitive region includes one end positioned away from the transfer section in the second direction and another end positioned closer to the transfer section in the second direction. A shape of the second impurity region in plan view is line-symmetric with respect to a center line of the photosensitive region along the second direction. A width of the second impurity region in the first direction increases in a transfer direction from the one end to the other end. An increase rate of the width of the second impurity region in each of sections, obtained by dividing the photosensitive region into n sections in the second direction, becomes gradually higher in the transfer direction. Here, n is an integer of two or more.1. A solid state imaging device comprising:
a plurality of photoelectric conversion sections including photosensitive regions and distributed in a first direction, the photosensitive regions being arranged to generate a charge in response to incident light; and a plurality of transfer sections distributed in a second direction intersecting the first direction with corresponding photoelectric conversion sections of the plurality of photoelectric conversion sections and arranged to transfer the charge generated in the corresponding photoelectric conversion sections, wherein the photosensitive region includes a first impurity region and a second impurity region having a higher impurity concentration than that of the first impurity region, and includes one end positioned away from the transfer section in the second direction and another end positioned closer to the transfer section in the second direction, the second impurity region is provided from the one end of the photosensitive region or a vicinity of the one end to the other end of the photosensitive region, and has a shape that is line-symmetric with respect to a center line of the photosensitive region along the second direction in plan view, a width of the second impurity region in the first direction increases in a transfer direction from the one end to the other end, and an increase rate of the width of the second impurity region in each of sections obtained by dividing the photosensitive region into n sections in the second direction becomes gradually higher in the transfer direction, and n is an integer of two or more. 2. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the width of the second impurity region in each of the sections is set such that an electrical potential difference in the photosensitive region between adjacent sections of the sections is constant. 3. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the sections is a section obtained by equally dividing the photosensitive region into n sections in the second direction, and n is an integer of two or more. 4. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the sections is a section obtained by dividing the photosensitive region such that a width in the second direction becomes gradually narrower in the transfer direction. 5. The solid state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
an increase rate of the width of the second impurity region changes in such a manner as to increase near the other end in the section closest to the other end. | 1,600 |
345,208 | 16,643,113 | 1,634 | The invention provides a high-grip tire rubber composition satisfying wet grip performance, dry grip performance and steering stability in a high and well-balanced manner, and a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a pneumatic tire which each partially include the composition. The high-grip tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), the solid rubber (A) including not less than 60 mass % of a styrene butadiene rubber with 20 mass % or more styrene content, 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 150 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) to (iii): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not less than 1,000 and less than 15,000, (ii) the vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %, and (iii) the average number of the functional groups per molecule of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 1 to 20. | 1. A high-grip tire rubber composition, comprising:
(a) 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), the solid rubber (A) comprising not less than 60 mass % of a styrene butadiene rubber with a styrene content of 20 mass % or more; (b) 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound represented by the following formula (1) 2. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 0.1 to 2,000 Pa·s. 3. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from a carbon black and a silica. 5. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm and a silica having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 nm. 6. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the filler (C) is silica, and the rubber composition further comprises 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent per 100 parts by mass of the silica. 7. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is a styrene butadiene rubber having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 2,500,000. 8. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is a styrene butadiene rubber having a styrene content of 20 to 70 mass %. 9. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the composition comprises:
5 to 80 parts by mass of the modified liquid diene rubber (B); and 20 to 150 parts by mass of the silica per 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). 10. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the composition comprises:
5 to 80 parts by mass of the modified liquid diene rubber (B); and 25 to 120 parts by mass of the carbon black per 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). 11. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1. 12. A tire tread, comprising the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the tire tread. 13. A bead filler, comprising the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the bead filler. 14. A tire belt, comprising the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the tire belt. 15. A pneumatic tire, comprising the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the pneumatic tire. | The invention provides a high-grip tire rubber composition satisfying wet grip performance, dry grip performance and steering stability in a high and well-balanced manner, and a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a pneumatic tire which each partially include the composition. The high-grip tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), the solid rubber (A) including not less than 60 mass % of a styrene butadiene rubber with 20 mass % or more styrene content, 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 150 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) to (iii): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not less than 1,000 and less than 15,000, (ii) the vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %, and (iii) the average number of the functional groups per molecule of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 1 to 20.1. A high-grip tire rubber composition, comprising:
(a) 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), the solid rubber (A) comprising not less than 60 mass % of a styrene butadiene rubber with a styrene content of 20 mass % or more; (b) 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound represented by the following formula (1) 2. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 0.1 to 2,000 Pa·s. 3. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from a carbon black and a silica. 5. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm and a silica having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 nm. 6. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the filler (C) is silica, and the rubber composition further comprises 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent per 100 parts by mass of the silica. 7. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is a styrene butadiene rubber having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 2,500,000. 8. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is a styrene butadiene rubber having a styrene content of 20 to 70 mass %. 9. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the composition comprises:
5 to 80 parts by mass of the modified liquid diene rubber (B); and 20 to 150 parts by mass of the silica per 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). 10. The high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the composition comprises:
5 to 80 parts by mass of the modified liquid diene rubber (B); and 25 to 120 parts by mass of the carbon black per 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). 11. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1. 12. A tire tread, comprising the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the tire tread. 13. A bead filler, comprising the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the bead filler. 14. A tire belt, comprising the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the tire belt. 15. A pneumatic tire, comprising the high-grip tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the pneumatic tire. | 1,600 |
345,209 | 16,643,122 | 1,634 | A display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, active switches, pixel electrodes, a color filter layer, a light-obstructing layer, a control chip and at least one photosensor. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate. The active switches are disposed on the second substrate, and each of them comprises an electro-conductive channel. The pixel electrodes are disposed on the second substrate and coupled to the active switches. The color filter layer is disposed on the second substrate and corresponded to the pixel electrodes. The light-obstructing layer is disposed on the first substrate and disposed in correspondence with the electro-conductive channel. The light-obstructing layer covers the electro-conductive channel and is made of an electro-conductive material. The control chip is coupled to the light-obstructing layer. The photosensor is disposed between the first substrate and the light-obstructing layer. | 1. A display panel comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; active switches disposed on the second substrate, wherein each of the active switches comprises an electro-conductive channel; pixel electrodes disposed on the second substrate and coupled to the active switches; a color filter layer disposed on the second substrate and corresponding to a position of the pixel electrodes; a light-obstructing layer disposed on the first substrate, wherein the light-obstructing layer is disposed in correspondence with the electro-conductive channel of the active switches, the light-obstructing layer covers the electro-conductive channels of the active switches, and the light-obstructing layer is made of an electro-conductive material; a control chip coupled to the light-obstructing layer for adjusting a brightness of the display panel; and at least one photosensor disposed between the first substrate and the light-obstructing layer. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the photosensor comprises a photodiode. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a transparent electro-conductive layer, the photodiode is disposed between the transparent electro-conductive layer and the light-obstructing layer, the light-obstructing layer comprises a metal black matrix, the metal black matrix is coupled to the control chip, and the transparent electro-conductive layer and the metal black matrix are two side electrodes of the photodiode. 4. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein the photodiode comprises three semiconductor layers, an outer side of a first semiconductor layer of the three semiconductor layers directly connects the transparent electro-conductive layer, an outer side of a third semiconductor layer of the three semiconductor layers directly connects the metal black matrix, and widths of the three semiconductor layers are smaller than a width of the metal black matrix. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate further comprises a transparent electro-conductive layer, the photosensor is disposed between the transparent electro-conductive layer and the light-obstructing layer. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a width of the photosensor is smaller than or equal to a width of the light-obstructing layer. 7. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the photosensor is disposed on a periphery of a display area of the display panel. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein a control circuit controlling the photosensor is disposed on one edge of the display area. 9. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein the photosensor is disposed on an upper lateral side and left and right lateral sides of the display area, and a lower lateral side of the display area is provided with the control circuit. 10. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the photosensor is disposed on two lateral sides of the display area, and on a top edge of the display area away from a support base of the display panel. 11. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the photosensor is disposed in a display area of the display panel. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein the photosensor is disposed at a center position of the display area. 13. A display panel comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; active switches disposed on the second substrate, wherein each of the active switches comprises an electro-conductive channel; pixel electrodes disposed on the second substrate and coupled to the active switches; a color filter layer disposed on the second substrate and corresponding to a position of the pixel electrodes; a light-obstructing layer disposed on the first substrate, wherein the light-obstructing layer is disposed in correspondence with an electro-conductive channel of the active switches, and the light-obstructing layer covers the electro-conductive channel of the active switches; at least one photosensor disposed between the first substrate and the light-obstructing layer, wherein a width of the photosensor is smaller than or equal to a width of the light-obstructing layer, and the photosensor comprises an photodiode; and a transparent electro-conductive layer, wherein the transparent electro-conductive layer is disposed on the first substrate, the photodiode is disposed between the transparent electro-conductive layer and the light-obstructing layer, the light-obstructing layer comprises a metal black matrix, the metal black matrix is coupled to a control chip adjusting the brightness of the display panel, and the transparent electro-conductive layer and the metal black matrix are two side electrodes of the photodiode. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the photodiode comprises three semiconductor layers, an outer side of a first semiconductor layer of the three semiconductor layers directly connects the transparent electro-conductive layer, an outer side of a third semiconductor layer of the three semiconductor layers directly connects the metal black matrix, and widths of the three semiconductor layers are smaller than a width of the metal black matrix. 15. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the photosensor is disposed on a periphery of a display area of the display panel. 16. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein a control circuit controlling the photosensor is disposed on one edge of the display area. 17. The display panel according to claim 16, wherein the photosensor is disposed on an upper lateral side and left and right lateral sides of the display area, and a lower lateral side of the display area is provided with the control circuit. 18. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein the photosensor is disposed on two lateral sides of the display area, and on a top edge of the display area away from a support base of the display panel. 19. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the photosensor is disposed in a display area of the display panel. 20. The display panel according to claim 19, wherein the photosensor is disposed at a center position of the display area. | A display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, active switches, pixel electrodes, a color filter layer, a light-obstructing layer, a control chip and at least one photosensor. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate. The active switches are disposed on the second substrate, and each of them comprises an electro-conductive channel. The pixel electrodes are disposed on the second substrate and coupled to the active switches. The color filter layer is disposed on the second substrate and corresponded to the pixel electrodes. The light-obstructing layer is disposed on the first substrate and disposed in correspondence with the electro-conductive channel. The light-obstructing layer covers the electro-conductive channel and is made of an electro-conductive material. The control chip is coupled to the light-obstructing layer. The photosensor is disposed between the first substrate and the light-obstructing layer.1. A display panel comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; active switches disposed on the second substrate, wherein each of the active switches comprises an electro-conductive channel; pixel electrodes disposed on the second substrate and coupled to the active switches; a color filter layer disposed on the second substrate and corresponding to a position of the pixel electrodes; a light-obstructing layer disposed on the first substrate, wherein the light-obstructing layer is disposed in correspondence with the electro-conductive channel of the active switches, the light-obstructing layer covers the electro-conductive channels of the active switches, and the light-obstructing layer is made of an electro-conductive material; a control chip coupled to the light-obstructing layer for adjusting a brightness of the display panel; and at least one photosensor disposed between the first substrate and the light-obstructing layer. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the photosensor comprises a photodiode. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a transparent electro-conductive layer, the photodiode is disposed between the transparent electro-conductive layer and the light-obstructing layer, the light-obstructing layer comprises a metal black matrix, the metal black matrix is coupled to the control chip, and the transparent electro-conductive layer and the metal black matrix are two side electrodes of the photodiode. 4. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein the photodiode comprises three semiconductor layers, an outer side of a first semiconductor layer of the three semiconductor layers directly connects the transparent electro-conductive layer, an outer side of a third semiconductor layer of the three semiconductor layers directly connects the metal black matrix, and widths of the three semiconductor layers are smaller than a width of the metal black matrix. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate further comprises a transparent electro-conductive layer, the photosensor is disposed between the transparent electro-conductive layer and the light-obstructing layer. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a width of the photosensor is smaller than or equal to a width of the light-obstructing layer. 7. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the photosensor is disposed on a periphery of a display area of the display panel. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein a control circuit controlling the photosensor is disposed on one edge of the display area. 9. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein the photosensor is disposed on an upper lateral side and left and right lateral sides of the display area, and a lower lateral side of the display area is provided with the control circuit. 10. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the photosensor is disposed on two lateral sides of the display area, and on a top edge of the display area away from a support base of the display panel. 11. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the photosensor is disposed in a display area of the display panel. 12. The display panel according to claim 11, wherein the photosensor is disposed at a center position of the display area. 13. A display panel comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; active switches disposed on the second substrate, wherein each of the active switches comprises an electro-conductive channel; pixel electrodes disposed on the second substrate and coupled to the active switches; a color filter layer disposed on the second substrate and corresponding to a position of the pixel electrodes; a light-obstructing layer disposed on the first substrate, wherein the light-obstructing layer is disposed in correspondence with an electro-conductive channel of the active switches, and the light-obstructing layer covers the electro-conductive channel of the active switches; at least one photosensor disposed between the first substrate and the light-obstructing layer, wherein a width of the photosensor is smaller than or equal to a width of the light-obstructing layer, and the photosensor comprises an photodiode; and a transparent electro-conductive layer, wherein the transparent electro-conductive layer is disposed on the first substrate, the photodiode is disposed between the transparent electro-conductive layer and the light-obstructing layer, the light-obstructing layer comprises a metal black matrix, the metal black matrix is coupled to a control chip adjusting the brightness of the display panel, and the transparent electro-conductive layer and the metal black matrix are two side electrodes of the photodiode. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the photodiode comprises three semiconductor layers, an outer side of a first semiconductor layer of the three semiconductor layers directly connects the transparent electro-conductive layer, an outer side of a third semiconductor layer of the three semiconductor layers directly connects the metal black matrix, and widths of the three semiconductor layers are smaller than a width of the metal black matrix. 15. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the photosensor is disposed on a periphery of a display area of the display panel. 16. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein a control circuit controlling the photosensor is disposed on one edge of the display area. 17. The display panel according to claim 16, wherein the photosensor is disposed on an upper lateral side and left and right lateral sides of the display area, and a lower lateral side of the display area is provided with the control circuit. 18. The display panel according to claim 15, wherein the photosensor is disposed on two lateral sides of the display area, and on a top edge of the display area away from a support base of the display panel. 19. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the photosensor is disposed in a display area of the display panel. 20. The display panel according to claim 19, wherein the photosensor is disposed at a center position of the display area. | 1,600 |
345,210 | 16,643,099 | 1,634 | The light emitting device package disclosed in the embodiment includes first and second frames spaced apart from each other; a body disposed between the first and second frames; a light emitting device including a first bonding portion and a second bonding portion on a lower portion thereof; and a first resin disposed between the body and the light emitting device, wherein the first frame includes a first protruding portion facing the first bonding portion of the light emitting device, and the second frame includes a second protruding portion facing the second bonding portion of the light emitting device, and including a first conductive layer between the first bonding portion and the first protruding portion and a second conductive layer between the second bonding portion and the second protruding portion. | 1. A light emitting device package comprising:
first and second frames spaced apart from each other; a body disposed between the first and second frames; a light emitting device including a first bonding portion and a second bonding portion on a lower portion; a reflective portion including a cavity having an open upper portion: and a first resin disposed between the body and the light emitting device, wherein the first frame includes a first protruding portion facing the first bonding portion of the light emitting device, wherein the second frame includes a second protruding portion facing the second bonding portion of the light emitting device, comprising: a first conductive layer between the first bonding portion and the first protruding portion; and a second conductive layer between the second bonding portion and the second protruding portion, wherein the light emitting device is disposed in the cavity, and wherein side surfaces of the cavity are spaced apart from side surfaces of the light emitting device. 2. The light emitting device package of claim 1, wherein upper regions of the first and second protruding portions facing the first and second bonding portions is horizontal have a horizontal plane, and
wherein the first and second protruding portions have a inclined side surface or a curved surface around the upper region. 3. The light emitting device package of claim 1, an upper region of the first protruding portion has a width in a first direction smaller than a length of a second direction,
wherein the light emitting device has a length in the first direction greater than a length in the second direction, and wherein the second direction is a direction orthogonal to the first direction. 4. The light emitting device package of claim 3, wherein a distance between upper regions of the first and second protruding portions and the body is equal to a width in the first direction in upper regions of the first and second protruding portions. 5. The light emitting device package of claim 4, wherein the width in the first direction in the upper regions of the first and second protruding portions is equal to a thickness of the first and second frames. 6. The light emitting device package of claim 1, wherein lower surface of each of the first and second frames has a concave portion recessed in a third direction toward upper surfaces of the first and second frames, respectively,
wherein the concave portions of the first and second frames overlap the first and second protruding portions in a vertical direction, wherein the vertical direction is the third direction, and wherein a height of the first and second protruding portions is equal to a depth of the concave portions of the first and second frames. 7. A light emitting device package comprising:
first and second frames spaced apart from each other; a body disposed between the first and second frames, the body including a cavity having a bottom surface and a side surface; a light emitting device disposed in the cavity; a first resin between the light emitting device and the body; and a protection device disposed on the first frame, wherein the side surface of the cavity includes a first side portion spaced from the light emitting device and disposed around the light emitting device, a groove portion disposed around the first side portion, and a second side portion disposed around the groove portion, wherein a bottom surface of the groove portion includes a first region in which a portion of the first frame is exposed, wherein the protection device is disposed in the first region, and wherein the groove portion comprises a second resin having a reflective material. 8. The light emitting device package of claim 7, wherein the light emitting device includes first and second bonding portions disposed on the first and second frames,
wherein the first frame includes a first flat portion facing the first bonding portion and a first upper recess around the first flat portion, and wherein the second frame includes a second flat portion facing the second bonding portion and a second upper recess around the second flat portion. 9. The light emitting device package of claim 8,
wherein the first side portion includes a bottom portion extending in an outward direction of the light emitting device on the first and second upper recesses, and wherein the first resin is disposed on the bottom portion of the first side portion. 10. The light emitting device package of claim 8, wherein the first side portion is continuously connected along the first and second upper recesses, and
wherein the second resin is continuously connected to an outer periphery of the first side portion. 11. The light emitting device package of claim
wherein the first frame includes a second region facing a side surface of the first region, wherein the first and second regions are disposed at both sides of the first upper recess, wherein the second frame includes third and fourth regions disposed on both sides of the second upper recess and facing each other, wherein the protection device disposed on the first region is connected to the third region by a wire, and wherein the first region and the third region are corresponded to each other. 12. The light emitting device package of claim 11,
wherein the body is disposed so that a thickness of a region disposed between the first and second upper recesses is thinner than a thickness of a region disposed between the first and second flat portions. 13. The light emitting device package of claim 12,
wherein the first side portion is formed of a same material as the body, wherein an upper surface of the first side portion has a larger inclination angle than an inclination angle of an upper surface of the second resin. 14. The light emitting device package of claim 4 comprising:
a recess or a through hole disposed in the body,
wherein the first resin is disposed in the recess or the through hole, and
wherein the first resin is in contact with the light emitting device. 15. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
a recess or a through hole disposed in the body, wherein the first resin is disposed in the recess or the through hole, and wherein the first resin is in contact with the light emitting device. 16. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
wherein the first protruding portion and the first bonding portion are connected to each other in the first resin, and wherein the second protruding portion and the second bonding portion is a light emitting device package connected to each other in the first resin. 17. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
wherein a lower surface of the reflective portion and a lower surface of the body are disposed on a same plane as a lower surfaces of the first and second frames, and wherein the reflective portion and the body is formed of a same insulating material. 18. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
wherein an upper surface of the first protruding portion and an upper surface of the second protruding portion protrude higher than a lower surface of the first resin. 19. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
wherein the first frame includes a first extension portion protruding toward a first side of the reflective portion, wherein the second frame includes a second extension portion protruding toward the second side of the reflective portion, wherein a thickness of the first extension portion is a same as a thickness of the first protruding portion, and wherein a thickness of the second extension portion is a same as a thickness of the second protruding portion. 20. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
a molding portion in the cavity; a semiconductor layer in the light emitting device and a substrate on the semiconductor layer; wherein the molding portion is in contact with an upper surface of the first resin and the light emitting device, wherein the upper surface of the first resin is disposed lower than the substrate of the light emitting device. | The light emitting device package disclosed in the embodiment includes first and second frames spaced apart from each other; a body disposed between the first and second frames; a light emitting device including a first bonding portion and a second bonding portion on a lower portion thereof; and a first resin disposed between the body and the light emitting device, wherein the first frame includes a first protruding portion facing the first bonding portion of the light emitting device, and the second frame includes a second protruding portion facing the second bonding portion of the light emitting device, and including a first conductive layer between the first bonding portion and the first protruding portion and a second conductive layer between the second bonding portion and the second protruding portion.1. A light emitting device package comprising:
first and second frames spaced apart from each other; a body disposed between the first and second frames; a light emitting device including a first bonding portion and a second bonding portion on a lower portion; a reflective portion including a cavity having an open upper portion: and a first resin disposed between the body and the light emitting device, wherein the first frame includes a first protruding portion facing the first bonding portion of the light emitting device, wherein the second frame includes a second protruding portion facing the second bonding portion of the light emitting device, comprising: a first conductive layer between the first bonding portion and the first protruding portion; and a second conductive layer between the second bonding portion and the second protruding portion, wherein the light emitting device is disposed in the cavity, and wherein side surfaces of the cavity are spaced apart from side surfaces of the light emitting device. 2. The light emitting device package of claim 1, wherein upper regions of the first and second protruding portions facing the first and second bonding portions is horizontal have a horizontal plane, and
wherein the first and second protruding portions have a inclined side surface or a curved surface around the upper region. 3. The light emitting device package of claim 1, an upper region of the first protruding portion has a width in a first direction smaller than a length of a second direction,
wherein the light emitting device has a length in the first direction greater than a length in the second direction, and wherein the second direction is a direction orthogonal to the first direction. 4. The light emitting device package of claim 3, wherein a distance between upper regions of the first and second protruding portions and the body is equal to a width in the first direction in upper regions of the first and second protruding portions. 5. The light emitting device package of claim 4, wherein the width in the first direction in the upper regions of the first and second protruding portions is equal to a thickness of the first and second frames. 6. The light emitting device package of claim 1, wherein lower surface of each of the first and second frames has a concave portion recessed in a third direction toward upper surfaces of the first and second frames, respectively,
wherein the concave portions of the first and second frames overlap the first and second protruding portions in a vertical direction, wherein the vertical direction is the third direction, and wherein a height of the first and second protruding portions is equal to a depth of the concave portions of the first and second frames. 7. A light emitting device package comprising:
first and second frames spaced apart from each other; a body disposed between the first and second frames, the body including a cavity having a bottom surface and a side surface; a light emitting device disposed in the cavity; a first resin between the light emitting device and the body; and a protection device disposed on the first frame, wherein the side surface of the cavity includes a first side portion spaced from the light emitting device and disposed around the light emitting device, a groove portion disposed around the first side portion, and a second side portion disposed around the groove portion, wherein a bottom surface of the groove portion includes a first region in which a portion of the first frame is exposed, wherein the protection device is disposed in the first region, and wherein the groove portion comprises a second resin having a reflective material. 8. The light emitting device package of claim 7, wherein the light emitting device includes first and second bonding portions disposed on the first and second frames,
wherein the first frame includes a first flat portion facing the first bonding portion and a first upper recess around the first flat portion, and wherein the second frame includes a second flat portion facing the second bonding portion and a second upper recess around the second flat portion. 9. The light emitting device package of claim 8,
wherein the first side portion includes a bottom portion extending in an outward direction of the light emitting device on the first and second upper recesses, and wherein the first resin is disposed on the bottom portion of the first side portion. 10. The light emitting device package of claim 8, wherein the first side portion is continuously connected along the first and second upper recesses, and
wherein the second resin is continuously connected to an outer periphery of the first side portion. 11. The light emitting device package of claim
wherein the first frame includes a second region facing a side surface of the first region, wherein the first and second regions are disposed at both sides of the first upper recess, wherein the second frame includes third and fourth regions disposed on both sides of the second upper recess and facing each other, wherein the protection device disposed on the first region is connected to the third region by a wire, and wherein the first region and the third region are corresponded to each other. 12. The light emitting device package of claim 11,
wherein the body is disposed so that a thickness of a region disposed between the first and second upper recesses is thinner than a thickness of a region disposed between the first and second flat portions. 13. The light emitting device package of claim 12,
wherein the first side portion is formed of a same material as the body, wherein an upper surface of the first side portion has a larger inclination angle than an inclination angle of an upper surface of the second resin. 14. The light emitting device package of claim 4 comprising:
a recess or a through hole disposed in the body,
wherein the first resin is disposed in the recess or the through hole, and
wherein the first resin is in contact with the light emitting device. 15. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
a recess or a through hole disposed in the body, wherein the first resin is disposed in the recess or the through hole, and wherein the first resin is in contact with the light emitting device. 16. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
wherein the first protruding portion and the first bonding portion are connected to each other in the first resin, and wherein the second protruding portion and the second bonding portion is a light emitting device package connected to each other in the first resin. 17. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
wherein a lower surface of the reflective portion and a lower surface of the body are disposed on a same plane as a lower surfaces of the first and second frames, and wherein the reflective portion and the body is formed of a same insulating material. 18. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
wherein an upper surface of the first protruding portion and an upper surface of the second protruding portion protrude higher than a lower surface of the first resin. 19. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
wherein the first frame includes a first extension portion protruding toward a first side of the reflective portion, wherein the second frame includes a second extension portion protruding toward the second side of the reflective portion, wherein a thickness of the first extension portion is a same as a thickness of the first protruding portion, and wherein a thickness of the second extension portion is a same as a thickness of the second protruding portion. 20. The light emitting device package of claim 1,
a molding portion in the cavity; a semiconductor layer in the light emitting device and a substrate on the semiconductor layer; wherein the molding portion is in contact with an upper surface of the first resin and the light emitting device, wherein the upper surface of the first resin is disposed lower than the substrate of the light emitting device. | 1,600 |
345,211 | 16,643,047 | 1,634 | The present disclosure includes filter aids comprising expanded perlite and methods for preparation thereof. The perlite used for making the filter aids may be processed by dehydration, expansion, milling, and/or screening. The expanded perlite has a higher density compared to expanded perlite prepared without dehydration. | 1. A method for making a filter aid, comprising:
heating a perlite source material at a first temperature less than or equal to 500° C. to produce dehydrated perlite having a water content ranging from 1.0% to 4.5% by weight; heating the dehydrated perlite at a second temperature greater than 750° C. to produce expanded perlite; and milling the expanded perlite; wherein the milled, expanded perlite has a d50 diameter ranging from about 5 μm to about 50 μm. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first temperature ranges from 300° C. to 500° C. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, before milling, the expanded perlite has a d10 diameter less than 20 μm. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the milled, expanded perlite has a loose density greater than 3.0 lb/ft3. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the water content of the perlite source material is greater than 3.5% by weight, and the water content of the dehydrated perlite ranges from 1.0% to 3.5% by weight. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein heating at the first temperature reduces the water content of the perlite source material by at least 20% relative to the water content before heating. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating at the first temperature reduces the water content of the perlite source material by at least 1.0% by weight. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the milled, expanded perlite has a d50 diameter ranging from about 20 μm to about 30 μm. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the milled, expanded perlite has a d10 diameter ranging from about 5 μm to about 20 μm and d90 diameter ranging from about 50 μm to about 200 μm. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a recovery of the expanded perlite having a diameter greater than or equal to 5 μm relative to the perlite source material is at least 80%. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein a recovery of the expanded perlite having a diameter greater than or equal to 5 μm relative to the perlite source material is at least 95%. 15. (canceled) 16. A method for filtering a liquid, comprising:
contacting the liquid with a filter aid comprising expanded perlite, wherein the filter aid has a permeability ranging from about 1.5 darcy to about 4.0 darcy and a cake density ranging from about 9 lb/ft3 to about 16 lb/ft3. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the filter is formed from the expanded perlite compacted together, and contacting the liquid with the filter aid comprises passing the liquid through the filter aid at a flow rate ranging from 25 mL/min to 40 mL/min. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein contacting the liquid with the filter aid comprises dispersing the expanded perlite in the liquid. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the liquid is a beverage. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the liquid comprises beer, wine, liquor, juice, soda, water, tea, syrup, or a mixture thereof. 21. A filter aid comprising expanded perlite, wherein the expanded perlite has a d50 diameter ranging from about 5 μm to about 50 μm, and wherein the filter aid has a permeability ranging from about 1.8 darcy to about 4.0 darcy and a cake density greater than 9 lb/ft3. 22. The filter aid of claim 21, wherein the filter aid has a cake density ranging from 14 lb/ft3 to 16 lb/ft3. 23. The filter aid of claim 21, further comprising a binder. 24. The filter aid of claim 21, wherein the expanded perlite is milled. | The present disclosure includes filter aids comprising expanded perlite and methods for preparation thereof. The perlite used for making the filter aids may be processed by dehydration, expansion, milling, and/or screening. The expanded perlite has a higher density compared to expanded perlite prepared without dehydration.1. A method for making a filter aid, comprising:
heating a perlite source material at a first temperature less than or equal to 500° C. to produce dehydrated perlite having a water content ranging from 1.0% to 4.5% by weight; heating the dehydrated perlite at a second temperature greater than 750° C. to produce expanded perlite; and milling the expanded perlite; wherein the milled, expanded perlite has a d50 diameter ranging from about 5 μm to about 50 μm. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first temperature ranges from 300° C. to 500° C. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, before milling, the expanded perlite has a d10 diameter less than 20 μm. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the milled, expanded perlite has a loose density greater than 3.0 lb/ft3. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the water content of the perlite source material is greater than 3.5% by weight, and the water content of the dehydrated perlite ranges from 1.0% to 3.5% by weight. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein heating at the first temperature reduces the water content of the perlite source material by at least 20% relative to the water content before heating. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating at the first temperature reduces the water content of the perlite source material by at least 1.0% by weight. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the milled, expanded perlite has a d50 diameter ranging from about 20 μm to about 30 μm. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the milled, expanded perlite has a d10 diameter ranging from about 5 μm to about 20 μm and d90 diameter ranging from about 50 μm to about 200 μm. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a recovery of the expanded perlite having a diameter greater than or equal to 5 μm relative to the perlite source material is at least 80%. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein a recovery of the expanded perlite having a diameter greater than or equal to 5 μm relative to the perlite source material is at least 95%. 15. (canceled) 16. A method for filtering a liquid, comprising:
contacting the liquid with a filter aid comprising expanded perlite, wherein the filter aid has a permeability ranging from about 1.5 darcy to about 4.0 darcy and a cake density ranging from about 9 lb/ft3 to about 16 lb/ft3. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the filter is formed from the expanded perlite compacted together, and contacting the liquid with the filter aid comprises passing the liquid through the filter aid at a flow rate ranging from 25 mL/min to 40 mL/min. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein contacting the liquid with the filter aid comprises dispersing the expanded perlite in the liquid. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the liquid is a beverage. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the liquid comprises beer, wine, liquor, juice, soda, water, tea, syrup, or a mixture thereof. 21. A filter aid comprising expanded perlite, wherein the expanded perlite has a d50 diameter ranging from about 5 μm to about 50 μm, and wherein the filter aid has a permeability ranging from about 1.8 darcy to about 4.0 darcy and a cake density greater than 9 lb/ft3. 22. The filter aid of claim 21, wherein the filter aid has a cake density ranging from 14 lb/ft3 to 16 lb/ft3. 23. The filter aid of claim 21, further comprising a binder. 24. The filter aid of claim 21, wherein the expanded perlite is milled. | 1,600 |
345,212 | 16,643,074 | 1,634 | An adsorbent for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein the adsorbent comprises one or more proteins. The one or more proteins may be selected from plant proteins, albumins, globulins, edestin, glycinin and/or beta-conglycinin. Use of an adsorbent for treatment of a material contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. There is also provided a process for the treatment of ground water contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein the contaminated ground water is pumped to the surface and directed to an adsorption step comprising the adsorbent. | 1. An adsorbent for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein the adsorbent comprises one or more proteins. 2. The adsorbent according to claim 2, wherein the one or more proteins are plant proteins. 3. An adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include albumins. 4. An absorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include globulins. 5. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include edestin. 6. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include glycinin. 7. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include beta-conglycinin. 8. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins are structurally similar to albumins and/or globulins and/or edestin and/or glycinin and/or beta-conglycinin. 9. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins are derived from hemp seeds. 10. The adsorbent according to claim 9, wherein the adsorbent comprises hemp seeds. 11. The adsorbent according to claim 9, wherein the adsorbent comprises hemp protein isolate. 12. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent comprises soy protein. 13. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent further comprises calcite. 14. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent further comprises an inert substance configured to increase the permability of the adsorbent. 15. The adsorbent according to claim 14, wherein the inert substance is glass beads. 16. The adsorbent according to claim 14, wherein the inert substance is gravel. 17. Use of an adsorbent according to claim 1 for treatment of a material contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. 18. The use according to claim 17, wherein the material is groundwater. 19. The use according to claim 17, wherein the material is residual water from soil washing. 20. A process for the treatment of ground water contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein the contaminated ground water is pumped to the surface and directed to an adsorption step comprising the adsorbent according to claim 1. 21. A process for the treatment of ground water contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein a permeable reactive barrier comprising the adsorbent according to claim 1 is located in the path of an aquifer contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. 22. A process for the treatment of spent adsorbent according to claim 1, comprising thermal destruction of spent adsorbent. 23. The process according to claim 22, wherein thermal destructions occurs at a temperature selected from <700° C., <650° C., <600° C., <550° C., <500° C. or <450° C. 24. The process according to claim 21, wherein the spent adsorbent is dewatered and dried prior to thermal destruction. 25. The process according to claim 21, wherein gasses evolved by thermal destruction are scrubbed with an alkaline solution, wherein the alkaline solution is subsequently reacted with calcite to form fluorite. | An adsorbent for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein the adsorbent comprises one or more proteins. The one or more proteins may be selected from plant proteins, albumins, globulins, edestin, glycinin and/or beta-conglycinin. Use of an adsorbent for treatment of a material contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. There is also provided a process for the treatment of ground water contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein the contaminated ground water is pumped to the surface and directed to an adsorption step comprising the adsorbent.1. An adsorbent for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein the adsorbent comprises one or more proteins. 2. The adsorbent according to claim 2, wherein the one or more proteins are plant proteins. 3. An adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include albumins. 4. An absorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include globulins. 5. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include edestin. 6. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include glycinin. 7. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins include beta-conglycinin. 8. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins are structurally similar to albumins and/or globulins and/or edestin and/or glycinin and/or beta-conglycinin. 9. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the one or more proteins are derived from hemp seeds. 10. The adsorbent according to claim 9, wherein the adsorbent comprises hemp seeds. 11. The adsorbent according to claim 9, wherein the adsorbent comprises hemp protein isolate. 12. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent comprises soy protein. 13. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent further comprises calcite. 14. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent further comprises an inert substance configured to increase the permability of the adsorbent. 15. The adsorbent according to claim 14, wherein the inert substance is glass beads. 16. The adsorbent according to claim 14, wherein the inert substance is gravel. 17. Use of an adsorbent according to claim 1 for treatment of a material contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. 18. The use according to claim 17, wherein the material is groundwater. 19. The use according to claim 17, wherein the material is residual water from soil washing. 20. A process for the treatment of ground water contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein the contaminated ground water is pumped to the surface and directed to an adsorption step comprising the adsorbent according to claim 1. 21. A process for the treatment of ground water contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, wherein a permeable reactive barrier comprising the adsorbent according to claim 1 is located in the path of an aquifer contaminated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. 22. A process for the treatment of spent adsorbent according to claim 1, comprising thermal destruction of spent adsorbent. 23. The process according to claim 22, wherein thermal destructions occurs at a temperature selected from <700° C., <650° C., <600° C., <550° C., <500° C. or <450° C. 24. The process according to claim 21, wherein the spent adsorbent is dewatered and dried prior to thermal destruction. 25. The process according to claim 21, wherein gasses evolved by thermal destruction are scrubbed with an alkaline solution, wherein the alkaline solution is subsequently reacted with calcite to form fluorite. | 1,600 |
345,213 | 16,643,085 | 1,634 | Provided are a ferrite-based stainless steel having improved heat radiation property and processability and method for preparing same. A ferritic stainless steel according to an embodiment of the disclosure, includes, in % by weight, carbon (C): 0.0005 to 0.02%, nitrogen (N): 0.005 to 0.02%, chromium (Cr): 10.0 to 17.0%, titanium (Ti): 0.02 to 0.30%, niobium (Nb): 0.10 to 0.60%, and the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, and the ferritic stainless steel is plated with aluminum (Al) having a thickness of 5 to 50 μm. Therefore, heat dissipation and workability of ferritic stainless steel may be improved by controlling ferritic stainless steel alloy composition, aluminum (Al) thickness and manufacturing method. | 1. A ferritic stainless steel with improved heat dissipation and workability, comprising, in % by weight, carbon (C): 0.0005 to 0.02%, nitrogen (N): 0.005 to 0.02%, chromium (Cr): 10.0 to 17.0%, titanium (Ti): 0.02 to 0.30%, niobium (Nb): 0.10 to 0.60%, and the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities,
wherein the ferritic stainless steel is plated with aluminum (Al) having a thickness of 5 to 50 μm. 2. The ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the ferritic stainless steel is characterized in that the thermal conductivity is 40 W/m·K or more. 3. The ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the ferritic stainless steel is characterized in that the R-bar is 2.0 or more. 4. A manufacturing method of a ferritic stainless steel with improved heat dissipation and workability, comprising:
manufacturing a stainless steel comprising, in % by weight, carbon (C): 0.0005 to 0.02%, nitrogen (N): 0.005 to 0.02%, chromium (Cr): 10.0 to 17.0%, titanium (Ti): 0.02 to 0.30%, niobium (Nb): 0.10 to 0.60%, and the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities; reheating the stainless steel; rough rolling the stainless steel a plurality of times; finishing rolling the stainless steel; and cold rolling the stainless steel and plating aluminum (Al), wherein, in the plating step, the plating thickness is characterized in that 5 to 50 μm. 5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein a temperature of the reheating step is characterized in that 1100 to 1250° C. 6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein a total reduction ratio of the last two passes of the rough rolling of the rough rolling step is characterized in that 50% or more. 7. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein a finishing delivery temperature (FDT) of finishing rolling of the finishing rolling step is characterized in that 700 to 900° C. | Provided are a ferrite-based stainless steel having improved heat radiation property and processability and method for preparing same. A ferritic stainless steel according to an embodiment of the disclosure, includes, in % by weight, carbon (C): 0.0005 to 0.02%, nitrogen (N): 0.005 to 0.02%, chromium (Cr): 10.0 to 17.0%, titanium (Ti): 0.02 to 0.30%, niobium (Nb): 0.10 to 0.60%, and the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, and the ferritic stainless steel is plated with aluminum (Al) having a thickness of 5 to 50 μm. Therefore, heat dissipation and workability of ferritic stainless steel may be improved by controlling ferritic stainless steel alloy composition, aluminum (Al) thickness and manufacturing method.1. A ferritic stainless steel with improved heat dissipation and workability, comprising, in % by weight, carbon (C): 0.0005 to 0.02%, nitrogen (N): 0.005 to 0.02%, chromium (Cr): 10.0 to 17.0%, titanium (Ti): 0.02 to 0.30%, niobium (Nb): 0.10 to 0.60%, and the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities,
wherein the ferritic stainless steel is plated with aluminum (Al) having a thickness of 5 to 50 μm. 2. The ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the ferritic stainless steel is characterized in that the thermal conductivity is 40 W/m·K or more. 3. The ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the ferritic stainless steel is characterized in that the R-bar is 2.0 or more. 4. A manufacturing method of a ferritic stainless steel with improved heat dissipation and workability, comprising:
manufacturing a stainless steel comprising, in % by weight, carbon (C): 0.0005 to 0.02%, nitrogen (N): 0.005 to 0.02%, chromium (Cr): 10.0 to 17.0%, titanium (Ti): 0.02 to 0.30%, niobium (Nb): 0.10 to 0.60%, and the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities; reheating the stainless steel; rough rolling the stainless steel a plurality of times; finishing rolling the stainless steel; and cold rolling the stainless steel and plating aluminum (Al), wherein, in the plating step, the plating thickness is characterized in that 5 to 50 μm. 5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein a temperature of the reheating step is characterized in that 1100 to 1250° C. 6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein a total reduction ratio of the last two passes of the rough rolling of the rough rolling step is characterized in that 50% or more. 7. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein a finishing delivery temperature (FDT) of finishing rolling of the finishing rolling step is characterized in that 700 to 900° C. | 1,600 |
345,214 | 16,643,109 | 1,634 | There is provided a digital voltage regulator, which includes a first comparator, a circuit switching circuit, a voltage regulation control circuit, a first transistor array and a second transistor array; a width-to-length ratio of any one of transistors in the first transistor array is larger than that of any one of transistors in the second transistor array; the first comparator outputs a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage; the voltage regulation control circuit generates a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result under control of a clock signal; the circuit switching circuit controls one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage to regulate the output voltage based on the voltage regulating signal. | 1. A digital voltage regulator, comprising a first comparator, a circuit switching circuit, a voltage regulation control circuit, a first transistor array and a second transistor array, wherein a width-to-length ratio of any one of transistors in the first transistor array is larger than a width-to-length ratio of any one of transistors in the second transistor array, and wherein,
the first comparator is configured to output a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage; the voltage regulation control circuit is configured to generate a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a clock signal; and the circuit switching circuit coupled between the first comparator and the voltage regulation control circuit, and is configured to select, according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage, one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array to regulate the output voltage based on the voltage regulating signal. 2. The digital voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulation control circuit comprises a first voltage regulation control circuit and a second voltage regulation control circuit, wherein,
the first voltage regulation control circuit is coupled between the circuit switching circuit and the first transistor array, and is configured to, in response to that the first voltage regulation control circuit is electrically coupled with the first comparator under control of the circuit switching circuit, generate a first voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a first clock signal, so as to control a number of transistors to be turned on in the first transistor array; and the second voltage regulation control circuit is coupled between the circuit switching circuit and the second transistor array, and is configured to, in response to that the second voltage regulation control circuit is electrically coupled with the first comparator under control of the circuit switching circuit, generate a second voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a second clock signal, so as to control a number of transistors to be turned on in the second transistor array. 3. The digital voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the first voltage regulation control circuit comprises a first shift register, and a first terminal of the first shift register is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, a second terminal of the first shift register is coupled with the first transistor array, and a control terminal of the first shift register is coupled with a first clock signal terminal; and
the second voltage regulation control circuit comprises a second shift register, and a first terminal of the second shift register is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, a second terminal of the second shift register is coupled with the second transistor array, and a control terminal of the second shift register is coupled with a second clock signal terminal. 4. The digital voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the first voltage regulation control circuit comprises a first counter and a first decoder, a first terminal of the first counter is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, a second terminal of the first counter is coupled with a first terminal of the first decoder, a control terminal of the first counter is coupled with the first clock signal terminal, and a second terminal of the first decoder is coupled with the first transistor array; and
the second voltage regulation control circuit comprises a second counter and a second decoder, a first terminal of the second counter is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, a second terminal of the second counter is coupled with a first terminal of the second decoder, a control terminal of the second counter is coupled with the second clock signal terminal, and a second terminal of the second decoder is coupled with the second transistor array. 5. The digital voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the circuit switching circuit comprises a second comparator, a third comparator, an exclusive-NOR gate, a NOT gate, a first switch and a second switch, wherein,
a first input terminal of the second comparator is coupled with a second reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the second comparator is coupled with an output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the second comparator is coupled with a first input terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate; a first input terminal of the third comparator is coupled with a third reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the third comparator is coupled with the output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the third comparator is coupled with a second input terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate; an output terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate is coupled with an input terminal of the NOT gate, and an output of the exclusive-NOR gate is configured to control the first switch; an output of the NOT gate is configured to control the second switch; a first terminal of the first switch is coupled with the output terminal of the first comparator, and a second terminal of the first switch is coupled with the first voltage regulation control circuit; and a first terminal of the second switch is coupled with the output terminal of the first comparator, and a second terminal of the second switch is coupled with the second voltage regulation control circuit. 6. The digital voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein a first terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit is coupled to the first comparator, a second terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit is coupled to the circuit switching circuit, and a control terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit is coupled to a clock signal terminal. 7. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the voltage regulation control circuit comprises a shift register, wherein,
a first terminal of the shift register is coupled with the first comparator, a second terminal of the shift register is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, and a control terminal of the shift register is coupled with the clock signal terminal. 8. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the voltage regulation control circuit comprises a counter and a decoder, wherein,
a first terminal of the counter is coupled with the output terminal of the first comparator, a second terminal of the counter is coupled with a first terminal of the decoder, a control terminal of the counter is coupled with the clock signal terminal, and a second terminal of the decoder is coupled with the circuit switching circuit. 9. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the circuit switching circuit comprises a second comparator, a third comparator, an exclusive-NOR gate, a NOT gate, a first switch and a second switch, wherein,
a first input terminal of the second comparator is coupled with a second reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the second comparator is coupled with an output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the second comparator is coupled with a first input terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate; a first input terminal of the third comparator is coupled with a third reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the third comparator is coupled with the output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the third comparator is coupled with a second input terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate; an output terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate is coupled with an input terminal of the NOT gate and is configured to control the first switch; an output terminal of the NOT gate is configured to control the second switch; a first terminal of the first switch is coupled with the second terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit, and a second terminal of the first switch is coupled with the first transistor array; and a first terminal of the second switch is coupled with the second terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit, and a second terminal of the second switch is coupled with the second transistor array. 10. The digital voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein a first input terminal of the first comparator is coupled to a first reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the first comparator is coupled to an output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the first comparator is coupled to the voltage regulation control circuit or the circuit switching circuit. 11. The digital voltage regulator of claim 5, wherein a first terminal of a filter capacitor and a first terminal of a load resistor are coupled between second input terminals of the second comparator and the third comparator and the output voltage terminal, and a second terminal of the filter capacitor and a second terminal of the load resistor are both grounded. 12. The digital voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the first reference voltage is greater than the third reference voltage and less than the second reference voltage. 13. The digital voltage regulator of claim 3 or 1, wherein the first clock signal terminal outputs the first clock signal, the second clock signal terminal outputs the second clock signal, and wherein a frequency of the first clock signal is greater than a frequency of the second clock signal. 14. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the clock signal terminal outputs the first clock signal or the second clock signal, and wherein a frequency of the first clock signal is greater than a frequency of the second clock signal. 15. A method of regulating voltage by the digital voltage regulator according to claim 1, comprising:
outputting, by a first comparator, a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage, and generating, by a voltage regulation control circuit, a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a clock signal; and controlling, by a circuit switching circuit, one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage to regulate the output voltage based on the voltage regulating signal. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first reference voltage is greater than the third reference voltage and less than the second reference voltage, and
the clock signal comprises a first clock signal and a second clock signal, and a frequency of the first clock signal is greater than a frequency of the second clock signal. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein outputting, by the first comparator, a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage, and generating, by the voltage regulation control circuit, a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a clock signal comprises:
comparing, by the first comparator, the output voltage with the first reference voltage, outputting, by the first comparator, a first comparison signal in response to that the output voltage is less than the first reference voltage, and generating, by the voltage regulation control circuit, a first voltage regulating signal according to the first comparison signal, and wherein controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array to regulate the output voltage according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage comprises: comparing, by the circuit switching circuit, the output voltage with the third reference voltage, and in response to that the output voltage is less than the third reference voltage, controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, the voltage regulation control circuit to be electrically coupled with the first transistor array, and controlling, by the voltage regulation control circuit, the number of transistors to be turned on in the first transistor array to be increased according to the first voltage regulating signal under control of the first clock signal, so as to increase the output voltage; or in response to that the output voltage is greater than the third reference voltage, controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, the voltage regulation control circuit to be electrically coupled with second transistor array, and controlling, by the voltage regulation control circuit, the number of transistors to be turned on in the second transistor array to be increased according to the first voltage regulating signal under control of the second clock signal, so as to increase the output voltage. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein outputting, by the first comparator, a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage, and generating, by the voltage regulation control circuit, a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a clock signal comprises:
comparing, by the first comparator, the output voltage with the first reference voltage, outputting, by the first comparator, a second comparison signal in response to that the output voltage is greater than the first reference voltage, and generating, by the voltage regulation control circuit, a second voltage regulating signal according to the second comparison signal, and wherein controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array to regulate the output voltage according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage comprises: comparing, by the circuit switching circuit, the output voltage and the second reference voltage, and in response to that the output voltage is greater than the second reference voltage, controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, the voltage regulation control circuit to be electrically coupled with the first transistor array, and controlling, by the voltage regulation control circuit, the number of transistors to be turned on in the first transistor array to be decreased according to the second voltage regulating signal under control of the first clock signal, so as to decrease the output voltage; or in response to that the output voltage is less than the second reference voltage, controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, the voltage regulation control circuit to be electrically coupled with the second transistor array, and controlling, by the voltage regulation control circuit, the number of transistors to be turned on in the second transistor array to be decreased according to the second voltage regulating signal under control of the second clock signal, so as to decrease the output voltage. 19. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the first reference voltage is greater than the third reference voltage and less than the second reference voltage. 20. The digital voltage regulator of claim 4, wherein the first clock signal terminal outputs the first clock signal, the second clock signal terminal outputs the second clock signal, and wherein a frequency of the first clock signal is greater than a frequency of the second clock signal. | There is provided a digital voltage regulator, which includes a first comparator, a circuit switching circuit, a voltage regulation control circuit, a first transistor array and a second transistor array; a width-to-length ratio of any one of transistors in the first transistor array is larger than that of any one of transistors in the second transistor array; the first comparator outputs a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage; the voltage regulation control circuit generates a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result under control of a clock signal; the circuit switching circuit controls one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage to regulate the output voltage based on the voltage regulating signal.1. A digital voltage regulator, comprising a first comparator, a circuit switching circuit, a voltage regulation control circuit, a first transistor array and a second transistor array, wherein a width-to-length ratio of any one of transistors in the first transistor array is larger than a width-to-length ratio of any one of transistors in the second transistor array, and wherein,
the first comparator is configured to output a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage; the voltage regulation control circuit is configured to generate a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a clock signal; and the circuit switching circuit coupled between the first comparator and the voltage regulation control circuit, and is configured to select, according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage, one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array to regulate the output voltage based on the voltage regulating signal. 2. The digital voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulation control circuit comprises a first voltage regulation control circuit and a second voltage regulation control circuit, wherein,
the first voltage regulation control circuit is coupled between the circuit switching circuit and the first transistor array, and is configured to, in response to that the first voltage regulation control circuit is electrically coupled with the first comparator under control of the circuit switching circuit, generate a first voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a first clock signal, so as to control a number of transistors to be turned on in the first transistor array; and the second voltage regulation control circuit is coupled between the circuit switching circuit and the second transistor array, and is configured to, in response to that the second voltage regulation control circuit is electrically coupled with the first comparator under control of the circuit switching circuit, generate a second voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a second clock signal, so as to control a number of transistors to be turned on in the second transistor array. 3. The digital voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the first voltage regulation control circuit comprises a first shift register, and a first terminal of the first shift register is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, a second terminal of the first shift register is coupled with the first transistor array, and a control terminal of the first shift register is coupled with a first clock signal terminal; and
the second voltage regulation control circuit comprises a second shift register, and a first terminal of the second shift register is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, a second terminal of the second shift register is coupled with the second transistor array, and a control terminal of the second shift register is coupled with a second clock signal terminal. 4. The digital voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the first voltage regulation control circuit comprises a first counter and a first decoder, a first terminal of the first counter is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, a second terminal of the first counter is coupled with a first terminal of the first decoder, a control terminal of the first counter is coupled with the first clock signal terminal, and a second terminal of the first decoder is coupled with the first transistor array; and
the second voltage regulation control circuit comprises a second counter and a second decoder, a first terminal of the second counter is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, a second terminal of the second counter is coupled with a first terminal of the second decoder, a control terminal of the second counter is coupled with the second clock signal terminal, and a second terminal of the second decoder is coupled with the second transistor array. 5. The digital voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the circuit switching circuit comprises a second comparator, a third comparator, an exclusive-NOR gate, a NOT gate, a first switch and a second switch, wherein,
a first input terminal of the second comparator is coupled with a second reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the second comparator is coupled with an output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the second comparator is coupled with a first input terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate; a first input terminal of the third comparator is coupled with a third reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the third comparator is coupled with the output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the third comparator is coupled with a second input terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate; an output terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate is coupled with an input terminal of the NOT gate, and an output of the exclusive-NOR gate is configured to control the first switch; an output of the NOT gate is configured to control the second switch; a first terminal of the first switch is coupled with the output terminal of the first comparator, and a second terminal of the first switch is coupled with the first voltage regulation control circuit; and a first terminal of the second switch is coupled with the output terminal of the first comparator, and a second terminal of the second switch is coupled with the second voltage regulation control circuit. 6. The digital voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein a first terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit is coupled to the first comparator, a second terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit is coupled to the circuit switching circuit, and a control terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit is coupled to a clock signal terminal. 7. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the voltage regulation control circuit comprises a shift register, wherein,
a first terminal of the shift register is coupled with the first comparator, a second terminal of the shift register is coupled with the circuit switching circuit, and a control terminal of the shift register is coupled with the clock signal terminal. 8. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the voltage regulation control circuit comprises a counter and a decoder, wherein,
a first terminal of the counter is coupled with the output terminal of the first comparator, a second terminal of the counter is coupled with a first terminal of the decoder, a control terminal of the counter is coupled with the clock signal terminal, and a second terminal of the decoder is coupled with the circuit switching circuit. 9. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the circuit switching circuit comprises a second comparator, a third comparator, an exclusive-NOR gate, a NOT gate, a first switch and a second switch, wherein,
a first input terminal of the second comparator is coupled with a second reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the second comparator is coupled with an output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the second comparator is coupled with a first input terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate; a first input terminal of the third comparator is coupled with a third reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the third comparator is coupled with the output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the third comparator is coupled with a second input terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate; an output terminal of the exclusive-NOR gate is coupled with an input terminal of the NOT gate and is configured to control the first switch; an output terminal of the NOT gate is configured to control the second switch; a first terminal of the first switch is coupled with the second terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit, and a second terminal of the first switch is coupled with the first transistor array; and a first terminal of the second switch is coupled with the second terminal of the voltage regulation control circuit, and a second terminal of the second switch is coupled with the second transistor array. 10. The digital voltage regulator of claim 1, wherein a first input terminal of the first comparator is coupled to a first reference voltage terminal, a second input terminal of the first comparator is coupled to an output voltage terminal, and an output terminal of the first comparator is coupled to the voltage regulation control circuit or the circuit switching circuit. 11. The digital voltage regulator of claim 5, wherein a first terminal of a filter capacitor and a first terminal of a load resistor are coupled between second input terminals of the second comparator and the third comparator and the output voltage terminal, and a second terminal of the filter capacitor and a second terminal of the load resistor are both grounded. 12. The digital voltage regulator of claim 2, wherein the first reference voltage is greater than the third reference voltage and less than the second reference voltage. 13. The digital voltage regulator of claim 3 or 1, wherein the first clock signal terminal outputs the first clock signal, the second clock signal terminal outputs the second clock signal, and wherein a frequency of the first clock signal is greater than a frequency of the second clock signal. 14. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the clock signal terminal outputs the first clock signal or the second clock signal, and wherein a frequency of the first clock signal is greater than a frequency of the second clock signal. 15. A method of regulating voltage by the digital voltage regulator according to claim 1, comprising:
outputting, by a first comparator, a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage, and generating, by a voltage regulation control circuit, a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a clock signal; and controlling, by a circuit switching circuit, one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage to regulate the output voltage based on the voltage regulating signal. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first reference voltage is greater than the third reference voltage and less than the second reference voltage, and
the clock signal comprises a first clock signal and a second clock signal, and a frequency of the first clock signal is greater than a frequency of the second clock signal. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein outputting, by the first comparator, a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage, and generating, by the voltage regulation control circuit, a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a clock signal comprises:
comparing, by the first comparator, the output voltage with the first reference voltage, outputting, by the first comparator, a first comparison signal in response to that the output voltage is less than the first reference voltage, and generating, by the voltage regulation control circuit, a first voltage regulating signal according to the first comparison signal, and wherein controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array to regulate the output voltage according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage comprises: comparing, by the circuit switching circuit, the output voltage with the third reference voltage, and in response to that the output voltage is less than the third reference voltage, controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, the voltage regulation control circuit to be electrically coupled with the first transistor array, and controlling, by the voltage regulation control circuit, the number of transistors to be turned on in the first transistor array to be increased according to the first voltage regulating signal under control of the first clock signal, so as to increase the output voltage; or in response to that the output voltage is greater than the third reference voltage, controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, the voltage regulation control circuit to be electrically coupled with second transistor array, and controlling, by the voltage regulation control circuit, the number of transistors to be turned on in the second transistor array to be increased according to the first voltage regulating signal under control of the second clock signal, so as to increase the output voltage. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein outputting, by the first comparator, a comparison result between a first reference voltage and an output voltage, and generating, by the voltage regulation control circuit, a voltage regulating signal according to the comparison result output by the first comparator under control of a clock signal comprises:
comparing, by the first comparator, the output voltage with the first reference voltage, outputting, by the first comparator, a second comparison signal in response to that the output voltage is greater than the first reference voltage, and generating, by the voltage regulation control circuit, a second voltage regulating signal according to the second comparison signal, and wherein controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, one of the first transistor array and the second transistor array to regulate the output voltage according to a comparison result between the output voltage and a second reference voltage and a comparison result between the output voltage and a third reference voltage comprises: comparing, by the circuit switching circuit, the output voltage and the second reference voltage, and in response to that the output voltage is greater than the second reference voltage, controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, the voltage regulation control circuit to be electrically coupled with the first transistor array, and controlling, by the voltage regulation control circuit, the number of transistors to be turned on in the first transistor array to be decreased according to the second voltage regulating signal under control of the first clock signal, so as to decrease the output voltage; or in response to that the output voltage is less than the second reference voltage, controlling, by the circuit switching circuit, the voltage regulation control circuit to be electrically coupled with the second transistor array, and controlling, by the voltage regulation control circuit, the number of transistors to be turned on in the second transistor array to be decreased according to the second voltage regulating signal under control of the second clock signal, so as to decrease the output voltage. 19. The digital voltage regulator of claim 6, wherein the first reference voltage is greater than the third reference voltage and less than the second reference voltage. 20. The digital voltage regulator of claim 4, wherein the first clock signal terminal outputs the first clock signal, the second clock signal terminal outputs the second clock signal, and wherein a frequency of the first clock signal is greater than a frequency of the second clock signal. | 1,600 |
345,215 | 16,643,118 | 1,634 | A refrigerator and a method for controlling the same. The refrigerator includes a main body; a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in the main body; a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber, configured to generate the cool air; a switching valve configured to supply a refrigerant to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator; and a controller configured to generate a control signal for controlling the switching valve so that the refrigerant supplied to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator is distributed according to a predetermined reference, and lower the temperature of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber to a predetermined temperature based on the generated control signal. | 1. A refrigerator comprising:
a main body; a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in the main body; a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber, configured to generate the cool air; a switching valve configured to supply a refrigerant to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator; and a controller configured to generate a control signal for controlling the switching valve so that the refrigerant supplied to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator is distributed according to a predetermined reference, and lower the temperature of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber to a predetermined temperature based on the generated control signal. 2. The refrigerator according to claim 1, further comprising:
a compressor configured to compress the refrigerant to a high pressure, wherein the controller adjusts the number of revolutions of the compressor to a predetermined number of revolutions so that the temperature of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber are lowered to the predetermined temperature. 3. The refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the controller generates the control signal for controlling an opening time of the switching valve so that the time for supplying the refrigerant to the first evaporator is longer than the time for supplying the refrigerant to the second evaporator according to the predetermined reference. 4. A refrigerator comprising:
a main body; a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in the main body; a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber, configured to generate the cool air; a first blow fan configured to supply the cool air generated by the first evaporator to the first storage chamber; a second blow fan configured to supply the cool air generated by the second evaporator to the second storage chamber; a first defrost heater provided at a lower part of the first evaporator; a second defrost heater provided at a lower part of the second evaporator; and a controller configured to operate the first blow fan for a first reference time and generate a control signal for operating the first defrost heater after the first reference time elapses to remove frost on the surface of the first evaporator, and operate the second blow fan for a second reference time and generate the control signal for operating the second defrost heater after the second reference time elapses to remove the frost on the surface of the second evaporator. 5. The refrigerator according to claim 4,
wherein the second reference time is longer than the first reference time by a predetermined time, and an operating point of the second defrost heater is delayed by the predetermined time from an operating point of the first defrost heater. 6. The refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein the first blow fan stops an operation after the elapse of the first reference time, and
the second blow fan stops the operation after the elapse of the second reference time. 7. The refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein the controller transmits the control signal for controlling the operations of the first defrost heater and the second defrost heater to be stopped at the same time. 8. A refrigerator comprising:
a main body; a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in the main body; a third storage chamber provided between the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber; a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a switching valve configured to supply a refrigerant to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator; a first blow fan configured to supply the cool air generated by the first evaporator to the first storage chamber; a second blow fan configured to supply the cool air generated by the second evaporator to the second storage chamber; and a controller configured to control the first blow fan to operate from a first operating point to circulate the cool air generated by the first evaporator, and control the second blow fan to operate and stop for a predetermined time from a second operating point to circulate the cool air generated by the second evaporator. 9. The refrigerator according to claim 8, further comprising:
a first damper configured to allow the cool air generated by the first evaporator to flow into the first storage chamber; and a second damper configured to allow the cool air introduced into the first storage chamber to flow into the third storage chamber. 10. The refrigerator according to claim 9, wherein the controller controls the first damper and the second damper to be closed before the predetermined time elapses from the first operating point and to be opened after the predetermined time elapses from the first operating point. 11. The refrigerator according to claim 10, wherein the controller controls the first blow fan to supply the cool air generated by the first evaporator to the first storage chamber when the first damper and the second damper are opened. 12. The refrigerator according to claim 8, wherein the controller controls the second blow fan to operate after the predetermined time elapses from a stopping point of the second blow fan so that the cool air generated by the second evaporator is supplied to the second storage chamber. 13. The refrigerator according to claim 8, wherein the controller generates a control signal for controlling the switching valve so that the refrigerant supplied to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator is distributed according to a predetermined reference. 14. The refrigerator according to claim 13, wherein the controller generates the control signal for controlling an opening time of the switching valve so that the time for supplying the refrigerant to the second evaporator is longer than the time for supplying the refrigerant to the first evaporator according to the predetermined reference. 15. A method for controlling a refrigerator comprising:
adjusting the number of revolutions of a compressor to a predetermined number of revolutions so that the temperature of a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in a main body of the refrigerator body is lowered to a predetermined temperature; generating a control signal for controlling a switching valve so that a refrigerant is supplied to a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber for generating cool air and a refrigerant is supplied to a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber for generating cool air are distributed according to a predetermined reference; and lowering the temperature of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber to the predetermined temperature based on the generated control signal. | A refrigerator and a method for controlling the same. The refrigerator includes a main body; a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in the main body; a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber, configured to generate the cool air; a switching valve configured to supply a refrigerant to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator; and a controller configured to generate a control signal for controlling the switching valve so that the refrigerant supplied to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator is distributed according to a predetermined reference, and lower the temperature of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber to a predetermined temperature based on the generated control signal.1. A refrigerator comprising:
a main body; a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in the main body; a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber, configured to generate the cool air; a switching valve configured to supply a refrigerant to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator; and a controller configured to generate a control signal for controlling the switching valve so that the refrigerant supplied to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator is distributed according to a predetermined reference, and lower the temperature of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber to a predetermined temperature based on the generated control signal. 2. The refrigerator according to claim 1, further comprising:
a compressor configured to compress the refrigerant to a high pressure, wherein the controller adjusts the number of revolutions of the compressor to a predetermined number of revolutions so that the temperature of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber are lowered to the predetermined temperature. 3. The refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the controller generates the control signal for controlling an opening time of the switching valve so that the time for supplying the refrigerant to the first evaporator is longer than the time for supplying the refrigerant to the second evaporator according to the predetermined reference. 4. A refrigerator comprising:
a main body; a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in the main body; a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber, configured to generate the cool air; a first blow fan configured to supply the cool air generated by the first evaporator to the first storage chamber; a second blow fan configured to supply the cool air generated by the second evaporator to the second storage chamber; a first defrost heater provided at a lower part of the first evaporator; a second defrost heater provided at a lower part of the second evaporator; and a controller configured to operate the first blow fan for a first reference time and generate a control signal for operating the first defrost heater after the first reference time elapses to remove frost on the surface of the first evaporator, and operate the second blow fan for a second reference time and generate the control signal for operating the second defrost heater after the second reference time elapses to remove the frost on the surface of the second evaporator. 5. The refrigerator according to claim 4,
wherein the second reference time is longer than the first reference time by a predetermined time, and an operating point of the second defrost heater is delayed by the predetermined time from an operating point of the first defrost heater. 6. The refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein the first blow fan stops an operation after the elapse of the first reference time, and
the second blow fan stops the operation after the elapse of the second reference time. 7. The refrigerator according to claim 4, wherein the controller transmits the control signal for controlling the operations of the first defrost heater and the second defrost heater to be stopped at the same time. 8. A refrigerator comprising:
a main body; a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in the main body; a third storage chamber provided between the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber; a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber, configured to generate cool air; a switching valve configured to supply a refrigerant to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator; a first blow fan configured to supply the cool air generated by the first evaporator to the first storage chamber; a second blow fan configured to supply the cool air generated by the second evaporator to the second storage chamber; and a controller configured to control the first blow fan to operate from a first operating point to circulate the cool air generated by the first evaporator, and control the second blow fan to operate and stop for a predetermined time from a second operating point to circulate the cool air generated by the second evaporator. 9. The refrigerator according to claim 8, further comprising:
a first damper configured to allow the cool air generated by the first evaporator to flow into the first storage chamber; and a second damper configured to allow the cool air introduced into the first storage chamber to flow into the third storage chamber. 10. The refrigerator according to claim 9, wherein the controller controls the first damper and the second damper to be closed before the predetermined time elapses from the first operating point and to be opened after the predetermined time elapses from the first operating point. 11. The refrigerator according to claim 10, wherein the controller controls the first blow fan to supply the cool air generated by the first evaporator to the first storage chamber when the first damper and the second damper are opened. 12. The refrigerator according to claim 8, wherein the controller controls the second blow fan to operate after the predetermined time elapses from a stopping point of the second blow fan so that the cool air generated by the second evaporator is supplied to the second storage chamber. 13. The refrigerator according to claim 8, wherein the controller generates a control signal for controlling the switching valve so that the refrigerant supplied to at least one of the first evaporator or the second evaporator is distributed according to a predetermined reference. 14. The refrigerator according to claim 13, wherein the controller generates the control signal for controlling an opening time of the switching valve so that the time for supplying the refrigerant to the second evaporator is longer than the time for supplying the refrigerant to the first evaporator according to the predetermined reference. 15. A method for controlling a refrigerator comprising:
adjusting the number of revolutions of a compressor to a predetermined number of revolutions so that the temperature of a first storage chamber and a second storage chamber provided in a main body of the refrigerator body is lowered to a predetermined temperature; generating a control signal for controlling a switching valve so that a refrigerant is supplied to a first evaporator provided in the first storage chamber for generating cool air and a refrigerant is supplied to a second evaporator provided in the second storage chamber for generating cool air are distributed according to a predetermined reference; and lowering the temperature of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber to the predetermined temperature based on the generated control signal. | 1,600 |
345,216 | 16,643,115 | 1,634 | A fluid-jet emitting machine, particularly a firefighting machine, comprises a fluid-jet emitting device, a transport vehicle, lifting members and a control device. | 1. A fluid-jet emitting machine, particularly a firefighting machine, comprising:
a fluid-jet emitting device said fluid comprising at least one of the following: an odour abatement solution, a dust abatement solution and/or a flame mitigation solution; a transport vehicle comprising movement means, preferably tired and configured to be arranged to rest on rails of a railway track, and a support frame on which the fluid-jet emitting device is mounted; 2. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the pressure exerted by the movement means on the rails of the tracks when the wheels are in the operative position, ranges between 40% and 50% of the pressure exerted by the movement means on the rails of the track when the wheels are in the non-operative position. 3. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the movement means are caterpillar tracks. 4. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the movement means have a wheelbase that is compatible with a track gauge and preferably said movement means have respective footprints arranged at a distance such that said footprints are arranged simultaneously in contact on respective rails of a track, said track gauge preferably being equal to 1435 mm. 5. The machine according to claim 1, wherein each actuator is reversibly constrained to the transport vehicle. 6. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the control device is operatively connected to a control unit of the firefighting machine. 7. The machine according to claim 1, comprising at the front, with respect to the direction of travel of the machine in use, a clearing blade that is at least vertically movable with respect to a plane supporting the machine. 8. The machine according to claim 7, comprising:
a pair of lifting members comprising a first actuator and a second actuator that are reversibly constrained to a rear portion of the firefighting machine and spaced at a distance equal to a track gauge, in such a manner that each one of the respective wheels engages a respective rail of a track; a third lifting member comprising two idler wheels, each of which is reversibly constrained to a respective lateral end of the clearing blade, and an actuator that is reversibly constrained to the clearing blade and configured to activate movement of said clearing blade. 9. The machine according to claim 1, comprising two pairs of lifting members, a first pair of lifting members being configured to be constrained to a front portion of a vehicle and spaced at a distance equal to a track gauge, in such a manner that each one engages a respective track of a rail, and a second pair of lifting members being configured to be constrained to a rear portion of the vehicle and spaced at a distance equal to the track gauge in such a manner that each one engages a respective track of a rail. 10. The machine according to claim 1, wherein a difference between the track gauge length and the wheelbase of the movement means is greater than 0 cm and less than two times the lateral dimension of a single movement means of the transport vehicle in such a way that it is always ensured that the movement means are always all simultaneously in contact with the rails. 11. The machine according claim 1, wherein said fluid-jet emitting device comprises a tubular body that extends between an air inlet mouth thereof and an air outlet mouth thereof, blowing means operatively associated with the tubular body to generate a flow of air along a direction of propagation of the air from the inlet mouth to the outlet mouth, and a plurality of nozzles operatively associated with the tubular body to spray a fluid towards the flow of air. 12. A method for road/rail conversion of a machine according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
arranging a fluid-jet emitting machine in accordance with claim 1 over a railway line; actuating the control device to activate the passage of the wheels from the non-operative position to the operative position; generating, by means of the wheels, a thrust such as to reduce only partially the pressure exerted by the vehicle on the track through the movement means for exerting only a partial lifting of the transport vehicle; activating the movement means to move the machine along the railway line. | A fluid-jet emitting machine, particularly a firefighting machine, comprises a fluid-jet emitting device, a transport vehicle, lifting members and a control device.1. A fluid-jet emitting machine, particularly a firefighting machine, comprising:
a fluid-jet emitting device said fluid comprising at least one of the following: an odour abatement solution, a dust abatement solution and/or a flame mitigation solution; a transport vehicle comprising movement means, preferably tired and configured to be arranged to rest on rails of a railway track, and a support frame on which the fluid-jet emitting device is mounted; 2. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the pressure exerted by the movement means on the rails of the tracks when the wheels are in the operative position, ranges between 40% and 50% of the pressure exerted by the movement means on the rails of the track when the wheels are in the non-operative position. 3. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the movement means are caterpillar tracks. 4. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the movement means have a wheelbase that is compatible with a track gauge and preferably said movement means have respective footprints arranged at a distance such that said footprints are arranged simultaneously in contact on respective rails of a track, said track gauge preferably being equal to 1435 mm. 5. The machine according to claim 1, wherein each actuator is reversibly constrained to the transport vehicle. 6. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the control device is operatively connected to a control unit of the firefighting machine. 7. The machine according to claim 1, comprising at the front, with respect to the direction of travel of the machine in use, a clearing blade that is at least vertically movable with respect to a plane supporting the machine. 8. The machine according to claim 7, comprising:
a pair of lifting members comprising a first actuator and a second actuator that are reversibly constrained to a rear portion of the firefighting machine and spaced at a distance equal to a track gauge, in such a manner that each one of the respective wheels engages a respective rail of a track; a third lifting member comprising two idler wheels, each of which is reversibly constrained to a respective lateral end of the clearing blade, and an actuator that is reversibly constrained to the clearing blade and configured to activate movement of said clearing blade. 9. The machine according to claim 1, comprising two pairs of lifting members, a first pair of lifting members being configured to be constrained to a front portion of a vehicle and spaced at a distance equal to a track gauge, in such a manner that each one engages a respective track of a rail, and a second pair of lifting members being configured to be constrained to a rear portion of the vehicle and spaced at a distance equal to the track gauge in such a manner that each one engages a respective track of a rail. 10. The machine according to claim 1, wherein a difference between the track gauge length and the wheelbase of the movement means is greater than 0 cm and less than two times the lateral dimension of a single movement means of the transport vehicle in such a way that it is always ensured that the movement means are always all simultaneously in contact with the rails. 11. The machine according claim 1, wherein said fluid-jet emitting device comprises a tubular body that extends between an air inlet mouth thereof and an air outlet mouth thereof, blowing means operatively associated with the tubular body to generate a flow of air along a direction of propagation of the air from the inlet mouth to the outlet mouth, and a plurality of nozzles operatively associated with the tubular body to spray a fluid towards the flow of air. 12. A method for road/rail conversion of a machine according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
arranging a fluid-jet emitting machine in accordance with claim 1 over a railway line; actuating the control device to activate the passage of the wheels from the non-operative position to the operative position; generating, by means of the wheels, a thrust such as to reduce only partially the pressure exerted by the vehicle on the track through the movement means for exerting only a partial lifting of the transport vehicle; activating the movement means to move the machine along the railway line. | 1,600 |
345,217 | 16,643,112 | 1,634 | The present disclosure provides a content pushing method and device for a display device and a display device. The content pushing method includes: detecting audio in an environment; acquiring at least one keyword of the audio; acquiring a content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio; and pushing the content to be displayed to the display device to display the content to be displayed. | 1. A content pushing method for a display device comprises:
detecting audio in an environment; acquiring at least one keyword of the audio; acquiring a content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio; and pushing the content to be displayed to the display device for the display device to display the content to be displayed. 2. The content pushing method of claim 1, wherein a step of the acquiring at least one keyword of the audio comprises:
acquiring audio information of the audio in the environment; matching the audio information with a sample audio segment in a database to determine the sample audio segment with a highest matching degree; and acquiring the keyword corresponding to the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree from the database as the keyword for the audio, wherein the database contains a plurality of sample audio segments and a plurality of keywords corresponding to the plurality of sample audio segments. 3. The content pushing method of claim 2, wherein the audio information comprises: a feature vector of the audio;
a step of the acquiring audio information of the audio in the environment comprises: performing feature extraction on the audio to obtain the feature vector of the audio; a step of the matching the audio information with a sample audio segment in a database to determine the sample audio segment with a highest matching degree comprises: calculating similarity between the feature vector of the audio and the feature vector of the sample audio segment in the database; and determining the sample audio segment corresponding to a feature vector with the greatest similarity to the feature vector of the audio, as the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree. 4. The content pushing method of claim 2, wherein the audio information comprises: an audio segment corresponding to the audio;
a step of the acquiring audio information of the audio in the environment comprises: inputting the audio into an audio segment recognition model for recognition to determine the audio segment corresponding to the audio; a step of the matching the audio information with a sample audio segment in a database to determine the sample audio segment with a highest matching degree comprises: calculating similarity between the audio segment corresponding to the audio and the sample audio segment in the database; and determining a sample audio segment with the greatest similarity to the audio segment corresponding to the audio, as the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree. 5. The content pushing method of claim 4, wherein a step of the calculating similarity between the audio segment corresponding to the audio and the sample audio segment in the database comprises:
calculating similarity between an audio name of the audio segment corresponding to the audio and an audio name of the sample audio segment in the database. 6. The content pushing method of claim 4, wherein after a step of the inputting the audio into an audio segment recognition model for recognition, the method further comprises:
adding the audio to a training set corresponding to the audio segment recognition model according to a recognition result, and training and updating the audio segment recognition model. 7. The content pushing method of claim 1, wherein a step of acquiring at least one keyword of the audio comprises:
inputting the audio into a keyword recognition model for recognition to determine the keyword corresponding to the audio. 8. The content pushing method of claim 1, wherein a step of the acquiring content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio comprises:
searching an optional display content associated with the keyword of the audio from a content repository or the Internet according to the keyword of the audio, wherein a searched optional display content serves as a candidate display content, and a plurality of display contents and keywords corresponding to the plurality of the display contents are stored in the content repository in advance; selecting at least one candidate display content from all searched candidate display contents as the content to be displayed. 9. The content pushing method of claim 8, wherein a step of the selecting at least one candidate display content from all searched optional display contents as the content to be displayed comprises:
acquiring keywords corresponding to all candidate display contents from the content repository or the Internet; using a keyword similarity algorithm to separately calculate the similarity between the keyword of each of the all candidate display contents and the keyword of the audio; screening out the candidate display contents corresponding to similarity that is larger than a similarity threshold among all similarity; and selecting at least one candidate display content from the screened candidate display contents as the content to be displayed. 10. The content pushing method of claim 1, wherein after a step of the acquiring a content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio, the method further comprises:
determining a content feature of the content to be displayed; determining a display mode corresponding to the content to be displayed according to the content feature; after a step of the pushing the content to be displayed to the display device, the method further comprises: controlling the display device to display the content to be displayed in a determined display mode. 11. A content pushing device for a display device comprises:
an audio detector configured to detect audio in an environment; a first acquirer configured to acquire at least one keyword of the audio; a second acquirer configured to acquire a content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio; and a pushing circuit configured to push the content to be displayed to the display device for the display device to display the content to be displayed. 12. The content pushing device of claim 11, wherein the first acquirer comprises:
an audio information acquisition circuit configured to acquire audio information of the audio in the environment; a matching circuit configured to match the audio information with a sample audio segment in a database to determine the sample audio segment with a highest matching degree; and a keyword acquisition circuit configured to acquire the keyword corresponding to the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree from the database as the keyword for the audio, wherein the database contains a plurality of sample audio segments and a plurality of keywords corresponding to the plurality of sample audio segments. 13. The content pushing device of claim 12, wherein the audio information comprises: a feature vector of the audio;
the audio information acquisition circuit comprises: a feature extraction subcircuit configured to perform feature extraction on the audio to obtain the feature vector of the audio; the matching circuit comprises: a first calculating subcircuit configured to calculate similarity between the feature vector of the audio and the feature vector of the sample audio segment in the database; a first determining subcircuit configured to determine the sample audio segment corresponding to a feature vector with the greatest similarity to the feature vector of the audio, as the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree. 14. The content pushing device of claim 12, wherein the audio information comprises: an audio segment corresponding to the audio;
the audio information acquisition circuit comprises: a segment recognition subcircuit configured recognize inputted audio by an audio segment recognition model, so as to determine the audio segment corresponding to the audio; the matching circuit comprises: a second calculating subcircuit configured to calculate similarity between the audio segment corresponding to the audio and the sample audio segment in the database; and a second determining subcircuit configured to determine a sample audio segment with the greatest similarity to the audio segment corresponding to the audio, as the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree. 15. The content pushing device of claim 14, wherein the second calculating subcircuit is configured to calculate similarity between an audio name of the audio segment corresponding to the audio and an audio name of the sample audio segment in the database. 16. The content pushing device of claim 14, wherein the audio information acquisition circuit further comprises:
a training subcircuit configured to, after the segment recognition circuit finishes recognizing the audio, add the audio to a training set corresponding to the audio segment recognition model according to a recognition result, and train and update the audio segment recognition model. 17. The content pushing device of claim 11, wherein the first acquirer comprises:
a keyword recognition circuit configured to recognize the inputted audio according to a keyword recognition model to determine the keyword corresponding to the audio. 18. The content pushing device of claim 11, wherein the second acquirer comprises:
a searching circuit configured to search an optional display content associated with the keyword of the audio from a content repository or the Internet, wherein a searched optional display content serves as a candidate display content, and a plurality of display contents and keywords corresponding to the plurality of the display contents are stored in the content repository in advance; and a selecting circuit configured to select at least one candidate display content from all candidate display contents searched by the searching circuit as the content to be displayed. 19. The content pushing device of claim 18, wherein the selecting circuit comprises:
a searching subcircuit configured to acquire keywords corresponding to all candidate display contents from the content repository or the Internet; a third calculating subcircuit configured to separately calculate the similarity between the keyword of each of the all candidate display contents and the keyword of the audio by a keyword similarity algorithm; a screening subcircuit configured to screen out the candidate display contents corresponding to similarity that is larger than a similarity threshold among all similarity; and a selecting subcircuit configured to select at least one candidate display content from the candidate display contents screened by the screening subcircuit as the content to be displayed. 20. (canceled) 21. A display device comprising:
a display screen; at least one processor; and a storage medium configured to store a program and control, when the program runs, the at least one processor to execute the content pushing method according claim 1. | The present disclosure provides a content pushing method and device for a display device and a display device. The content pushing method includes: detecting audio in an environment; acquiring at least one keyword of the audio; acquiring a content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio; and pushing the content to be displayed to the display device to display the content to be displayed.1. A content pushing method for a display device comprises:
detecting audio in an environment; acquiring at least one keyword of the audio; acquiring a content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio; and pushing the content to be displayed to the display device for the display device to display the content to be displayed. 2. The content pushing method of claim 1, wherein a step of the acquiring at least one keyword of the audio comprises:
acquiring audio information of the audio in the environment; matching the audio information with a sample audio segment in a database to determine the sample audio segment with a highest matching degree; and acquiring the keyword corresponding to the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree from the database as the keyword for the audio, wherein the database contains a plurality of sample audio segments and a plurality of keywords corresponding to the plurality of sample audio segments. 3. The content pushing method of claim 2, wherein the audio information comprises: a feature vector of the audio;
a step of the acquiring audio information of the audio in the environment comprises: performing feature extraction on the audio to obtain the feature vector of the audio; a step of the matching the audio information with a sample audio segment in a database to determine the sample audio segment with a highest matching degree comprises: calculating similarity between the feature vector of the audio and the feature vector of the sample audio segment in the database; and determining the sample audio segment corresponding to a feature vector with the greatest similarity to the feature vector of the audio, as the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree. 4. The content pushing method of claim 2, wherein the audio information comprises: an audio segment corresponding to the audio;
a step of the acquiring audio information of the audio in the environment comprises: inputting the audio into an audio segment recognition model for recognition to determine the audio segment corresponding to the audio; a step of the matching the audio information with a sample audio segment in a database to determine the sample audio segment with a highest matching degree comprises: calculating similarity between the audio segment corresponding to the audio and the sample audio segment in the database; and determining a sample audio segment with the greatest similarity to the audio segment corresponding to the audio, as the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree. 5. The content pushing method of claim 4, wherein a step of the calculating similarity between the audio segment corresponding to the audio and the sample audio segment in the database comprises:
calculating similarity between an audio name of the audio segment corresponding to the audio and an audio name of the sample audio segment in the database. 6. The content pushing method of claim 4, wherein after a step of the inputting the audio into an audio segment recognition model for recognition, the method further comprises:
adding the audio to a training set corresponding to the audio segment recognition model according to a recognition result, and training and updating the audio segment recognition model. 7. The content pushing method of claim 1, wherein a step of acquiring at least one keyword of the audio comprises:
inputting the audio into a keyword recognition model for recognition to determine the keyword corresponding to the audio. 8. The content pushing method of claim 1, wherein a step of the acquiring content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio comprises:
searching an optional display content associated with the keyword of the audio from a content repository or the Internet according to the keyword of the audio, wherein a searched optional display content serves as a candidate display content, and a plurality of display contents and keywords corresponding to the plurality of the display contents are stored in the content repository in advance; selecting at least one candidate display content from all searched candidate display contents as the content to be displayed. 9. The content pushing method of claim 8, wherein a step of the selecting at least one candidate display content from all searched optional display contents as the content to be displayed comprises:
acquiring keywords corresponding to all candidate display contents from the content repository or the Internet; using a keyword similarity algorithm to separately calculate the similarity between the keyword of each of the all candidate display contents and the keyword of the audio; screening out the candidate display contents corresponding to similarity that is larger than a similarity threshold among all similarity; and selecting at least one candidate display content from the screened candidate display contents as the content to be displayed. 10. The content pushing method of claim 1, wherein after a step of the acquiring a content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio, the method further comprises:
determining a content feature of the content to be displayed; determining a display mode corresponding to the content to be displayed according to the content feature; after a step of the pushing the content to be displayed to the display device, the method further comprises: controlling the display device to display the content to be displayed in a determined display mode. 11. A content pushing device for a display device comprises:
an audio detector configured to detect audio in an environment; a first acquirer configured to acquire at least one keyword of the audio; a second acquirer configured to acquire a content to be displayed associated with the keyword of the audio; and a pushing circuit configured to push the content to be displayed to the display device for the display device to display the content to be displayed. 12. The content pushing device of claim 11, wherein the first acquirer comprises:
an audio information acquisition circuit configured to acquire audio information of the audio in the environment; a matching circuit configured to match the audio information with a sample audio segment in a database to determine the sample audio segment with a highest matching degree; and a keyword acquisition circuit configured to acquire the keyword corresponding to the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree from the database as the keyword for the audio, wherein the database contains a plurality of sample audio segments and a plurality of keywords corresponding to the plurality of sample audio segments. 13. The content pushing device of claim 12, wherein the audio information comprises: a feature vector of the audio;
the audio information acquisition circuit comprises: a feature extraction subcircuit configured to perform feature extraction on the audio to obtain the feature vector of the audio; the matching circuit comprises: a first calculating subcircuit configured to calculate similarity between the feature vector of the audio and the feature vector of the sample audio segment in the database; a first determining subcircuit configured to determine the sample audio segment corresponding to a feature vector with the greatest similarity to the feature vector of the audio, as the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree. 14. The content pushing device of claim 12, wherein the audio information comprises: an audio segment corresponding to the audio;
the audio information acquisition circuit comprises: a segment recognition subcircuit configured recognize inputted audio by an audio segment recognition model, so as to determine the audio segment corresponding to the audio; the matching circuit comprises: a second calculating subcircuit configured to calculate similarity between the audio segment corresponding to the audio and the sample audio segment in the database; and a second determining subcircuit configured to determine a sample audio segment with the greatest similarity to the audio segment corresponding to the audio, as the sample audio segment with the highest matching degree. 15. The content pushing device of claim 14, wherein the second calculating subcircuit is configured to calculate similarity between an audio name of the audio segment corresponding to the audio and an audio name of the sample audio segment in the database. 16. The content pushing device of claim 14, wherein the audio information acquisition circuit further comprises:
a training subcircuit configured to, after the segment recognition circuit finishes recognizing the audio, add the audio to a training set corresponding to the audio segment recognition model according to a recognition result, and train and update the audio segment recognition model. 17. The content pushing device of claim 11, wherein the first acquirer comprises:
a keyword recognition circuit configured to recognize the inputted audio according to a keyword recognition model to determine the keyword corresponding to the audio. 18. The content pushing device of claim 11, wherein the second acquirer comprises:
a searching circuit configured to search an optional display content associated with the keyword of the audio from a content repository or the Internet, wherein a searched optional display content serves as a candidate display content, and a plurality of display contents and keywords corresponding to the plurality of the display contents are stored in the content repository in advance; and a selecting circuit configured to select at least one candidate display content from all candidate display contents searched by the searching circuit as the content to be displayed. 19. The content pushing device of claim 18, wherein the selecting circuit comprises:
a searching subcircuit configured to acquire keywords corresponding to all candidate display contents from the content repository or the Internet; a third calculating subcircuit configured to separately calculate the similarity between the keyword of each of the all candidate display contents and the keyword of the audio by a keyword similarity algorithm; a screening subcircuit configured to screen out the candidate display contents corresponding to similarity that is larger than a similarity threshold among all similarity; and a selecting subcircuit configured to select at least one candidate display content from the candidate display contents screened by the screening subcircuit as the content to be displayed. 20. (canceled) 21. A display device comprising:
a display screen; at least one processor; and a storage medium configured to store a program and control, when the program runs, the at least one processor to execute the content pushing method according claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,218 | 16,643,104 | 1,634 | The invention deals with a method for assessing the mechanical load by an individual, said method comprising the following steps:—acquisition, over an analysis period, of three directional acceleration data using at least one acceleration measurement device carried by the individual,—transmission of the acceleration data thus acquired to a processing module and—determination by said module of at least one value assessing the mechanical load of said individual, characterized in that the processing module is adapted to implement on the acceleration data a calculation which result is independent of the spatial orientation of said device, said result assessing the mechanical load of said individual for a given time interval. | 1. A method for assessing the mechanical load of an individual, said method comprising the following steps:
acquisition (10), over an analysis period, of three directional (X, Y, Z) acceleration data using at least one acceleration measurement device (2) carried by the individual in the upper back zone, preferentially between the scapulae, transmission (11) of the acceleration data thus acquired to a processing module (7) and determination (12) by said module (7) of at least one value assessing the mechanical load of said individual, 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of transmitting (13) the value thus calculated to at least one interface means (8), where it is displayed as an assessment of the physical activity of the individual over said period of analysis. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation of the scalar index is equal to the absolute value of the difference between:
the square root of the sum of the square of the accelerations along the different directions recorded at a given time, and the square root of the sum of the square of the accelerations following the different directions recorded during the preceding or following time. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the acquisition step (10) angular velocity measurements and/or relative angles or rotations around the three axes of the space are measured, the determination implemented by the processing module being also a function of these measurements. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising an integration step (15) in which several values assessing the mechanical load are integrated over time. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the processing module (7) or the interface module (8) combines the value of the mechanical load with at least one other relative datum to the quantification of the physical activity of the individual selected among physiological parameters, spatiotemporal parameters of the displacement, subjective parameters of force perception, parameters of global mechanics and/or parameters of articular mechanics. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses, on values of the mechanical load successively determined in time, one or more different phases of activity. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acceleration data are stored in a memory (4) during the acquisition step (10), the data being extracted during the implementation of the estimation method performed when the acquisition step (10) is completed. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the at least one acceleration measurement device (2) comprises a single tridimensional accelerometer. 10. Computer program comprising code elements configured to carry out the implementation of the method for assessing the mechanical load of an individual according to one of the claims 1 to 9. 11. Device for assessing the mechanical load of an individual comprising i) an acceleration data acquisition device (2) making it possible to detect accelerations in the three directions (X, Y, Z) of the space, ii) means for storing (4) the recorded data, iii) interface means (8) with a user and iv) means for implementing the computer program according to claim 10. 12. A method of adapting the physical activity of an individual, comprising the steps of:
i/ implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, ii/ comparing measurements of mechanical load of said individual with corresponding values obtained at a different time, and iii/ adapting the physical activity of the individual according to the result of the comparison of the previous step. 13. The method according to claim 12, in which the comparison of different measurement values according to step ii) shows an overactivity of the individual, adapting the physical activity according to step iii) then consisting in a decrease in the level of physical activity of said individual to prevent injuries or to reduce the training load. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the comparison of different physical activity measurement values according to step ii) shows a defect in the physical activity of the individual, the adaptation of the physical activity according to step iii) then consisting of an increase in the level of physical activity of said individual to optimize the effects of physical activity. | The invention deals with a method for assessing the mechanical load by an individual, said method comprising the following steps:—acquisition, over an analysis period, of three directional acceleration data using at least one acceleration measurement device carried by the individual,—transmission of the acceleration data thus acquired to a processing module and—determination by said module of at least one value assessing the mechanical load of said individual, characterized in that the processing module is adapted to implement on the acceleration data a calculation which result is independent of the spatial orientation of said device, said result assessing the mechanical load of said individual for a given time interval.1. A method for assessing the mechanical load of an individual, said method comprising the following steps:
acquisition (10), over an analysis period, of three directional (X, Y, Z) acceleration data using at least one acceleration measurement device (2) carried by the individual in the upper back zone, preferentially between the scapulae, transmission (11) of the acceleration data thus acquired to a processing module (7) and determination (12) by said module (7) of at least one value assessing the mechanical load of said individual, 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of transmitting (13) the value thus calculated to at least one interface means (8), where it is displayed as an assessment of the physical activity of the individual over said period of analysis. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation of the scalar index is equal to the absolute value of the difference between:
the square root of the sum of the square of the accelerations along the different directions recorded at a given time, and the square root of the sum of the square of the accelerations following the different directions recorded during the preceding or following time. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the acquisition step (10) angular velocity measurements and/or relative angles or rotations around the three axes of the space are measured, the determination implemented by the processing module being also a function of these measurements. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising an integration step (15) in which several values assessing the mechanical load are integrated over time. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the processing module (7) or the interface module (8) combines the value of the mechanical load with at least one other relative datum to the quantification of the physical activity of the individual selected among physiological parameters, spatiotemporal parameters of the displacement, subjective parameters of force perception, parameters of global mechanics and/or parameters of articular mechanics. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses, on values of the mechanical load successively determined in time, one or more different phases of activity. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acceleration data are stored in a memory (4) during the acquisition step (10), the data being extracted during the implementation of the estimation method performed when the acquisition step (10) is completed. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the at least one acceleration measurement device (2) comprises a single tridimensional accelerometer. 10. Computer program comprising code elements configured to carry out the implementation of the method for assessing the mechanical load of an individual according to one of the claims 1 to 9. 11. Device for assessing the mechanical load of an individual comprising i) an acceleration data acquisition device (2) making it possible to detect accelerations in the three directions (X, Y, Z) of the space, ii) means for storing (4) the recorded data, iii) interface means (8) with a user and iv) means for implementing the computer program according to claim 10. 12. A method of adapting the physical activity of an individual, comprising the steps of:
i/ implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, ii/ comparing measurements of mechanical load of said individual with corresponding values obtained at a different time, and iii/ adapting the physical activity of the individual according to the result of the comparison of the previous step. 13. The method according to claim 12, in which the comparison of different measurement values according to step ii) shows an overactivity of the individual, adapting the physical activity according to step iii) then consisting in a decrease in the level of physical activity of said individual to prevent injuries or to reduce the training load. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the comparison of different physical activity measurement values according to step ii) shows a defect in the physical activity of the individual, the adaptation of the physical activity according to step iii) then consisting of an increase in the level of physical activity of said individual to optimize the effects of physical activity. | 1,600 |
345,219 | 16,643,096 | 1,634 | A RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly comprises an intelligent power supply connected with a controller, and light strings connected in parallel to a main wire, wherein the controller is connected with the main wire; one end of an IP44 plug is connected to a 220 V power supply and the other end connected to a fuse, a varistor, a filter, and a filtering circuit; the filtering circuit is connected to an MOSFET and a DCDC transformer outputting a direct current with an altered voltage to a driver and an IRF; the IRF is connected with a program module, a remote-control module, a WiFi & Bluetooth module; a signal output by the IRF passes through a driving module; the driving module and the DCDC transformer are connected to a main wire end through the MOSFET. The assembly simultaneously controls colors of the light strings to promote decorative effect. | 1-7. (canceled) 8. A RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly comprising:
an intelligent power supply, a plurality of light strings, and a main wire, wherein the plurality of light strings are connected in parallel to the main wire and optionally form a structure selected from the group consisting of an icicle light set, a curtain light set or a net light set; wherein a male joint and a female joint are respectively arranged on each end of the main wire; wherein the intelligent power supply comprises a plug, a controller, a female terminal of a power wire that are connected in sequence by electric wires, and the female terminal of the power wire is coupled with the male joint; wherein a first end of the plug is electrically connected to a 220V power supply and a second end of the plug is connected to the controller; wherein the controller comprises a filter, a filter circuit, a MOSFET, a DCDC transformer, a driver, an IRF, a program module, a heat dissipation component and a driving module; wherein the filter of the controller for filtering out noise and separating signals is connected to the filter circuit configured for passing the low frequencies and attenuating the high frequencies; wherein outputs of the filter circuit are respectively connected to an input of the MOSFET and the DCDC transformer; wherein the DCDC transformer is configured to output a direct current with an altered voltage to the driver and the IRF which is connected to the program module; wherein the IRF is configured to process an input synchronous command of the program module to control the plurality of light strings by converting the input synchronous command to an output signal, that arrives at the input of the driving module through the heat dissipation component, and further arrives to the input of the MOSFET and the plurality of light strings, with outputs of the driving module and the DCDC transformer connected to the input of the MOSFET. 9. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 8, wherein the IRF is connected to a remote-control module, and a WiFi & Bluetooth module. 10. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 9, wherein the plurality of light strings are configured to be synchronously switched by the remote-control module, the WiFi & Bluetooth module through a wireless terminal. 11. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 8, wherein the plurality of light strings of the icicle light set have different lengths, the plurality of light strings of the curtain light set have a uniform length while the plurality of light strings of the net light set are weaved with each other to form a net structure. 12. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of light strings comprises a plurality of RGB diodes connected in series, wherein each of the plurality of RGB diodes comprises a LED bulb and a PC housing, a chip is arranged inside the LED bulb and the LED bulb is capsulated in the PC housing by an epoxy resin. 13. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of RGB diodes has an outer diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or 8 mm. 14. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 8, wherein the plug is an IP44 plug. | A RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly comprises an intelligent power supply connected with a controller, and light strings connected in parallel to a main wire, wherein the controller is connected with the main wire; one end of an IP44 plug is connected to a 220 V power supply and the other end connected to a fuse, a varistor, a filter, and a filtering circuit; the filtering circuit is connected to an MOSFET and a DCDC transformer outputting a direct current with an altered voltage to a driver and an IRF; the IRF is connected with a program module, a remote-control module, a WiFi & Bluetooth module; a signal output by the IRF passes through a driving module; the driving module and the DCDC transformer are connected to a main wire end through the MOSFET. The assembly simultaneously controls colors of the light strings to promote decorative effect.1-7. (canceled) 8. A RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly comprising:
an intelligent power supply, a plurality of light strings, and a main wire, wherein the plurality of light strings are connected in parallel to the main wire and optionally form a structure selected from the group consisting of an icicle light set, a curtain light set or a net light set; wherein a male joint and a female joint are respectively arranged on each end of the main wire; wherein the intelligent power supply comprises a plug, a controller, a female terminal of a power wire that are connected in sequence by electric wires, and the female terminal of the power wire is coupled with the male joint; wherein a first end of the plug is electrically connected to a 220V power supply and a second end of the plug is connected to the controller; wherein the controller comprises a filter, a filter circuit, a MOSFET, a DCDC transformer, a driver, an IRF, a program module, a heat dissipation component and a driving module; wherein the filter of the controller for filtering out noise and separating signals is connected to the filter circuit configured for passing the low frequencies and attenuating the high frequencies; wherein outputs of the filter circuit are respectively connected to an input of the MOSFET and the DCDC transformer; wherein the DCDC transformer is configured to output a direct current with an altered voltage to the driver and the IRF which is connected to the program module; wherein the IRF is configured to process an input synchronous command of the program module to control the plurality of light strings by converting the input synchronous command to an output signal, that arrives at the input of the driving module through the heat dissipation component, and further arrives to the input of the MOSFET and the plurality of light strings, with outputs of the driving module and the DCDC transformer connected to the input of the MOSFET. 9. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 8, wherein the IRF is connected to a remote-control module, and a WiFi & Bluetooth module. 10. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 9, wherein the plurality of light strings are configured to be synchronously switched by the remote-control module, the WiFi & Bluetooth module through a wireless terminal. 11. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 8, wherein the plurality of light strings of the icicle light set have different lengths, the plurality of light strings of the curtain light set have a uniform length while the plurality of light strings of the net light set are weaved with each other to form a net structure. 12. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of light strings comprises a plurality of RGB diodes connected in series, wherein each of the plurality of RGB diodes comprises a LED bulb and a PC housing, a chip is arranged inside the LED bulb and the LED bulb is capsulated in the PC housing by an epoxy resin. 13. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of RGB diodes has an outer diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or 8 mm. 14. The RGB synchronous intelligent light string assembly of claim 8, wherein the plug is an IP44 plug. | 1,600 |
345,220 | 16,643,114 | 1,634 | The present invention relates to a compound for an organic photoelectronic element, to a composition for an organic photoelectronic element, the composition including the compound for an organic photoelectronic element, to an organic photoelectronic element employing the same, and to a display device. | 1. A compound for an organic photoelectronic element represented by a combination of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2: 2. The compound of claim 1, which is represented by Chemical Formula 1A: 3. The compound of claim 1, which is represented by Chemical Formula 1A-a: 4. The compound of claim 1, which is represented by one of Chemical Formula 1A-a-1 to Chemical Formula 1A-a-8: 5. The compound of claim 4, wherein the Rx and Ry are independently hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, an oxygen-containing C2 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a sulfur-containing C2 to C30 heterocyclic group. 6. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from compounds of Group 1: 7. A composition for an organic photoelectronic element, the composition comprising:
a first compound, the first compound being the compound for an organic photoelectronic element as claimed in claim 1; and a second compound comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 or a compound consisting of a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 3 and a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 4: 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein:
the second compound is represented by Chemical Formula 2, and Ar1 and Ar2 of Chemical Formula 2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted anthracenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted triphenylenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, or a combination thereof. 9. The composition of claim 7, wherein:
the second compound is represented by Chemical Formula 2, and Chemical Formula 2 is one of the structures of Group III and *-Y1—Ar1 and *-Y2—Ar2 is one of the substituents of Group IV: 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein Chemical Formula 2 is represented by C-8 of Group III and *-Y1—Ar1 and *-Y2—Ar2 are independently one of B-1 to B-4 of Group IV. 11. The composition of claim 7, wherein:
the second compound is the compound consisting of the combination of the moiety represented by Chemical Formula 3 and the moiety represented by Chemical Formula 4, and the compound consisting of the combination of the moiety represented by Chemical Formula 3 and the moiety represented by Chemical Formula 4 is represented by at least one of Chemical Formulae 3-I to 3-V: 12. An organic photoelectronic element, comprising:
an anode and a cathode facing each other, and at least one organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises the compound for the organic photoelectronic element according to claim 1. 13. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 12, wherein:
the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer comprises the compound for the organic photoelectronic element. 14. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 13, wherein the compound for the organic photoelectronic element is a host of the light emitting layer. 15. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 13, wherein:
the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer; and at least one auxiliary layer selected from an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a hole blocking layer, wherein the auxiliary layer comprises the compound for the organic photoelectronic element. 16. A display device comprising the organic photoelectronic element of claim 12. 17. An organic photoelectronic element, comprising:
an anode and a cathode facing each other, and at least one organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises the composition for the organic photoelectronic element according to claim 7. 18. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 17, wherein:
the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer comprises the composition for the organic photoelectronic element. 19. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 13, wherein
the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer; and at least one auxiliary layer selected from an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a hole blocking layer, wherein the auxiliary layer comprises the composition for the organic photoelectronic element. 20. A display device comprising the organic photoelectronic element of claim 17. | The present invention relates to a compound for an organic photoelectronic element, to a composition for an organic photoelectronic element, the composition including the compound for an organic photoelectronic element, to an organic photoelectronic element employing the same, and to a display device.1. A compound for an organic photoelectronic element represented by a combination of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2: 2. The compound of claim 1, which is represented by Chemical Formula 1A: 3. The compound of claim 1, which is represented by Chemical Formula 1A-a: 4. The compound of claim 1, which is represented by one of Chemical Formula 1A-a-1 to Chemical Formula 1A-a-8: 5. The compound of claim 4, wherein the Rx and Ry are independently hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, an oxygen-containing C2 to C30 heterocyclic group, or a sulfur-containing C2 to C30 heterocyclic group. 6. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from compounds of Group 1: 7. A composition for an organic photoelectronic element, the composition comprising:
a first compound, the first compound being the compound for an organic photoelectronic element as claimed in claim 1; and a second compound comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 or a compound consisting of a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 3 and a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 4: 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein:
the second compound is represented by Chemical Formula 2, and Ar1 and Ar2 of Chemical Formula 2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted anthracenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted triphenylenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, or a combination thereof. 9. The composition of claim 7, wherein:
the second compound is represented by Chemical Formula 2, and Chemical Formula 2 is one of the structures of Group III and *-Y1—Ar1 and *-Y2—Ar2 is one of the substituents of Group IV: 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein Chemical Formula 2 is represented by C-8 of Group III and *-Y1—Ar1 and *-Y2—Ar2 are independently one of B-1 to B-4 of Group IV. 11. The composition of claim 7, wherein:
the second compound is the compound consisting of the combination of the moiety represented by Chemical Formula 3 and the moiety represented by Chemical Formula 4, and the compound consisting of the combination of the moiety represented by Chemical Formula 3 and the moiety represented by Chemical Formula 4 is represented by at least one of Chemical Formulae 3-I to 3-V: 12. An organic photoelectronic element, comprising:
an anode and a cathode facing each other, and at least one organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises the compound for the organic photoelectronic element according to claim 1. 13. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 12, wherein:
the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer comprises the compound for the organic photoelectronic element. 14. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 13, wherein the compound for the organic photoelectronic element is a host of the light emitting layer. 15. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 13, wherein:
the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer; and at least one auxiliary layer selected from an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a hole blocking layer, wherein the auxiliary layer comprises the compound for the organic photoelectronic element. 16. A display device comprising the organic photoelectronic element of claim 12. 17. An organic photoelectronic element, comprising:
an anode and a cathode facing each other, and at least one organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises the composition for the organic photoelectronic element according to claim 7. 18. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 17, wherein:
the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer comprises the composition for the organic photoelectronic element. 19. The organic photoelectronic element of claim 13, wherein
the organic layer comprises a light emitting layer; and at least one auxiliary layer selected from an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a hole blocking layer, wherein the auxiliary layer comprises the composition for the organic photoelectronic element. 20. A display device comprising the organic photoelectronic element of claim 17. | 1,600 |
345,221 | 16,643,144 | 1,634 | A method for setting a heating condition for thermal aging of each of fiber Bragg gratings, includes: determining, based on a correspondence γ(Ed) between a temperature coefficient γ of each of the fiber Bragg gratings and a demarcation energy Ed of each of the fiber Bragg gratings, a first lower limit Edmin of the demarcation energy Ed such that the temperature coefficient γ is not more than a desired upper limit γmax; and setting the heating condition for thermal aging of each of the fiber Bragg gratings such that the demarcation energy Ed is not less than the first lower limit Edmin. | 1. A method for setting a heating condition for thermal aging of each of fiber Bragg gratings, comprising:
determining, based on a correspondence γ(Ed) between a temperature coefficient γ of each of the fiber Bragg gratings and a demarcation energy Ed of each of the fiber Bragg gratings, a first lower limit Edmin of the demarcation energy Ed such that the temperature coefficient γ is not more than a desired upper limit γmax; and setting the heating condition for thermal aging of each of the fiber Bragg gratings such that the demarcation energy Ed is not less than the first lower limit Edmin. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
deriving the correspondence γ(Ed) from each of temperature coefficients γ1, γ2, . . . , γn of the fiber Bragg gratings that have been subjected to thermal aging until the demarcation energy Ed reaches a corresponding one of preset values Ed1, Ed2, . . . , Edn, where n is a natural number of 2 or more. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correspondence γ(Ed) is a correspondence that is linear in at least part of a region. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on a correspondence NCC(Ed) between a normalized integrated coupling constant NCC of each of the fiber Bragg gratings and the demarcation energy Ed of each of the fiber Bragg gratings, a second lower limit Edmin′ of the demarcation energy Ed such that the normalized integrated coupling constant NCC is not more than a desired upper limit NCCmax, wherein the heating condition for the thermal aging of each of the fiber Bragg gratings is set such that the demarcation energy Ed is not less than a value Edmax, wherein the value Edmax is a larger one of the first lower limit Edmin and the second lower limit Edmin′. 5. A method for producing a fiber Bragg grating, comprising:
setting a heating condition for thermal aging of a fiber Bragg grating according to the method for setting a heating condition according to claim 1; and subjecting the fiber Bragg grating to thermal aging under the set heating condition. 6. A method for producing a fiber laser system that comprises at least one fiber laser unit, wherein the fiber laser unit comprises: an excitation light source; an amplifying fiber; and two fiber Bragg gratings that cause the amplifying fiber to serve as a resonator and have different reflectances, the method comprising:
producing each of the two fiber Bragg gratings by using the method for producing a fiber Bragg grating according to claim 5. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein
the fiber laser unit further comprises a slant fiber Bragg grating that loses stimulated Raman scattered light with a higher priority than a laser beam generated by the amplifying fiber, wherein the stimulated Raman scattered light has a wavelength corresponding to a wavelength of the laser beam, and the method further comprises: producing the slant fiber Bragg grating by using the method for producing the fiber Bragg grating. | A method for setting a heating condition for thermal aging of each of fiber Bragg gratings, includes: determining, based on a correspondence γ(Ed) between a temperature coefficient γ of each of the fiber Bragg gratings and a demarcation energy Ed of each of the fiber Bragg gratings, a first lower limit Edmin of the demarcation energy Ed such that the temperature coefficient γ is not more than a desired upper limit γmax; and setting the heating condition for thermal aging of each of the fiber Bragg gratings such that the demarcation energy Ed is not less than the first lower limit Edmin.1. A method for setting a heating condition for thermal aging of each of fiber Bragg gratings, comprising:
determining, based on a correspondence γ(Ed) between a temperature coefficient γ of each of the fiber Bragg gratings and a demarcation energy Ed of each of the fiber Bragg gratings, a first lower limit Edmin of the demarcation energy Ed such that the temperature coefficient γ is not more than a desired upper limit γmax; and setting the heating condition for thermal aging of each of the fiber Bragg gratings such that the demarcation energy Ed is not less than the first lower limit Edmin. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
deriving the correspondence γ(Ed) from each of temperature coefficients γ1, γ2, . . . , γn of the fiber Bragg gratings that have been subjected to thermal aging until the demarcation energy Ed reaches a corresponding one of preset values Ed1, Ed2, . . . , Edn, where n is a natural number of 2 or more. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correspondence γ(Ed) is a correspondence that is linear in at least part of a region. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on a correspondence NCC(Ed) between a normalized integrated coupling constant NCC of each of the fiber Bragg gratings and the demarcation energy Ed of each of the fiber Bragg gratings, a second lower limit Edmin′ of the demarcation energy Ed such that the normalized integrated coupling constant NCC is not more than a desired upper limit NCCmax, wherein the heating condition for the thermal aging of each of the fiber Bragg gratings is set such that the demarcation energy Ed is not less than a value Edmax, wherein the value Edmax is a larger one of the first lower limit Edmin and the second lower limit Edmin′. 5. A method for producing a fiber Bragg grating, comprising:
setting a heating condition for thermal aging of a fiber Bragg grating according to the method for setting a heating condition according to claim 1; and subjecting the fiber Bragg grating to thermal aging under the set heating condition. 6. A method for producing a fiber laser system that comprises at least one fiber laser unit, wherein the fiber laser unit comprises: an excitation light source; an amplifying fiber; and two fiber Bragg gratings that cause the amplifying fiber to serve as a resonator and have different reflectances, the method comprising:
producing each of the two fiber Bragg gratings by using the method for producing a fiber Bragg grating according to claim 5. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein
the fiber laser unit further comprises a slant fiber Bragg grating that loses stimulated Raman scattered light with a higher priority than a laser beam generated by the amplifying fiber, wherein the stimulated Raman scattered light has a wavelength corresponding to a wavelength of the laser beam, and the method further comprises: producing the slant fiber Bragg grating by using the method for producing the fiber Bragg grating. | 1,600 |
345,222 | 16,643,140 | 1,634 | The invention relates to a ring seal which comprises a main body capable of implementing a seal by static contact relative to a first cylindrical element, and a first circumferential lip capable of engaging by friction with a cylindrical surface of a second cylindrical element, said cylindrical elements being substantially coaxial and mounted so as to pivot relative to one another. The main body comprises a front surface configured to be in axial contact with a front surface of the first cylindrical element, the main body comprising a second circumferential lip radially opposite the first circumferential lip and capable of being in radial contact with a cylindrical surface of the first cylindrical element. | 1. A ring seal comprising
a main body capable of implementing a seal by static contact relative to a first cylindrical element, and a first circumferential lip capable of cooperating by friction with a cylindrical surface of a second cylindrical element, said cylindrical elements being substantially coaxial and mounted pivotably relative to one another, wherein the main body comprises a frontal surface configured to be in axial contact with a frontal surface of the first cylindrical element, the main body comprising a second circumferential lip radially opposite to the first circumferential lip and capable of being in radial contact with a cylindrical surface of the first cylindrical element. 2. The seal as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second circumferential lip is configured to be deformed in response to relatively large variations in a radial offset of the cylindrical elements relative to one another, and the first circumferential lip is configured to be deformed in response to relatively small variations in the radial offset of the cylindrical elements relative to one another. 3. The seal as claimed in claim 1, comprising a first connection portion for connecting the first circumferential lip to the main body and a second connection portion for connecting the second circumferential lip to the main body, the first connection portion and the second connection portion being substantially axially adjacent relative to one another. 4. The seal as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the first and second connection portions is substantially axially adjacent relative to the frontal surface of the main body. 5. The seal as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first connection portion has a thickness (b) along the axial direction less than a thickness (a) along the axial direction of the second connection portion. 6. The seal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seal is produced from polyurethane and/or wherein the frontal surface of the main body is produced from polytetrafluoroethylene. 7. The seal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main body comprises a recess extending axially inward from the frontal surface and a contact ring received in said recess. 8. An assembly comprising a first cylindrical element and a second cylindrical element that is substantially coaxial and mounted pivotably relative to the first cylindrical element, the first cylindrical element comprising a first cylindrical surface and a frontal surface, the second cylindrical element comprising a second cylindrical surface, said assembly comprising a first seal as claimed in claim 1. 9. The assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first cylindrical element is a cylindrical structure of a propulsion oriented device for a watercraft, the second cylindrical element being a propulsion shaft of the propulsion oriented device, said second cylindrical element being situated radially inside said first cylindrical element. 10. The assembly as claimed in claim, further comprising a second seal and a third seal as claimed in claim 1, said assembly comprising a drainage space axially delimited by the first seal and by the second seal and a buffer space axially delimited by the second seal and by the third seal. | The invention relates to a ring seal which comprises a main body capable of implementing a seal by static contact relative to a first cylindrical element, and a first circumferential lip capable of engaging by friction with a cylindrical surface of a second cylindrical element, said cylindrical elements being substantially coaxial and mounted so as to pivot relative to one another. The main body comprises a front surface configured to be in axial contact with a front surface of the first cylindrical element, the main body comprising a second circumferential lip radially opposite the first circumferential lip and capable of being in radial contact with a cylindrical surface of the first cylindrical element.1. A ring seal comprising
a main body capable of implementing a seal by static contact relative to a first cylindrical element, and a first circumferential lip capable of cooperating by friction with a cylindrical surface of a second cylindrical element, said cylindrical elements being substantially coaxial and mounted pivotably relative to one another, wherein the main body comprises a frontal surface configured to be in axial contact with a frontal surface of the first cylindrical element, the main body comprising a second circumferential lip radially opposite to the first circumferential lip and capable of being in radial contact with a cylindrical surface of the first cylindrical element. 2. The seal as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second circumferential lip is configured to be deformed in response to relatively large variations in a radial offset of the cylindrical elements relative to one another, and the first circumferential lip is configured to be deformed in response to relatively small variations in the radial offset of the cylindrical elements relative to one another. 3. The seal as claimed in claim 1, comprising a first connection portion for connecting the first circumferential lip to the main body and a second connection portion for connecting the second circumferential lip to the main body, the first connection portion and the second connection portion being substantially axially adjacent relative to one another. 4. The seal as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the first and second connection portions is substantially axially adjacent relative to the frontal surface of the main body. 5. The seal as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first connection portion has a thickness (b) along the axial direction less than a thickness (a) along the axial direction of the second connection portion. 6. The seal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seal is produced from polyurethane and/or wherein the frontal surface of the main body is produced from polytetrafluoroethylene. 7. The seal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main body comprises a recess extending axially inward from the frontal surface and a contact ring received in said recess. 8. An assembly comprising a first cylindrical element and a second cylindrical element that is substantially coaxial and mounted pivotably relative to the first cylindrical element, the first cylindrical element comprising a first cylindrical surface and a frontal surface, the second cylindrical element comprising a second cylindrical surface, said assembly comprising a first seal as claimed in claim 1. 9. The assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first cylindrical element is a cylindrical structure of a propulsion oriented device for a watercraft, the second cylindrical element being a propulsion shaft of the propulsion oriented device, said second cylindrical element being situated radially inside said first cylindrical element. 10. The assembly as claimed in claim, further comprising a second seal and a third seal as claimed in claim 1, said assembly comprising a drainage space axially delimited by the first seal and by the second seal and a buffer space axially delimited by the second seal and by the third seal. | 1,600 |
345,223 | 16,643,139 | 1,634 | A detecting method and a detecting device for a display panel are provided. The detecting method includes: collecting a first detection image of the display panel, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements in the first detection image; determining the pixel element of the first detection image having the gray scale value outside a default gray scale range as a first pixel element, determining a first communication region constituted by each of the first pixel element of the first detection image, and calculating an aspect ratio of the first communication region; and looking up a target parameter matching with the aspect ratio of the first communication region from a pre-built database, and determining a target type corresponding to the target parameter as a type of the display panel. | 1. A detecting method for a display panel, comprising:
collecting a first detection image of the display panel, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements in the first detection image; determining the pixel elements of the first detection image having the gray scale value outside a default gray scale range as a first pixel element determining a first communication region constituted by each of the first pixel element of the first detection image, and calculating an aspect ratio of the first communication region; and looking up a target parameter matching with the aspect ratio of the first communication region from a pre-built database, and determining a target type corresponding to the target parameter as a type of the display panel. 2. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein a process of pre-setting the default gray scale range of the detecting device comprises:
collecting second detection images of a plurality of normal display panels, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements of the second detection images; and determining the gray scale range constituted by a maximum gray scale value and a minimum gray scale value of the pixel elements of the second detection images as the default gray scale range. 3. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein a process of building the database comprises:
collecting third detection images of at least 25 display panels having a first type, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements of each of the third detection images; looking up third pixel elements of the third detection images having the gray scale values outside the default gray scale range, and determining a third communication region constituted by each of the third pixel elements of the third detection images; and calculating an aspect ratio of the third communication region in each of the third detection images, determining a parameter range constituted by a maximum aspect ratio and a minimum aspect ratio of the third communication regions in the third detection images, and determining the parameter range as a first parameter corresponding to a first type. 4. The detecting method according to claim 3, wherein the database at least comprises a horizontal stripe type and a horizontal stripe parameter corresponding to the horizontal stripe type, a vertical stripe type and a vertical stripe parameter corresponding to the vertical stripe type, a rhombus type and a rhombus parameter corresponding to the rhombus type, and a circular type and a circular parameter corresponding to the circular type. 5. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein a number of the first pixel elements occupying the ratio exceeding 80%. 6. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein an aspect ratio of the first communication region is a ratio of a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a horizontal direction to a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a vertical direction. 7. The detecting method according to claim 6, wherein a long side direction of the display panel is corresponding to the vertical direction, and a short side direction of the display panel is corresponding to the horizontal direction. 8. The detecting method according to claim 6, wherein a long side direction of the display panel is corresponding to the horizontal direction, and a short side direction of the display panel is corresponding to the vertical direction. 9. The detecting method according to claim 2, wherein the step of collecting the second detection images of the plurality of normal display panels is to collect the second detection images of at least 25 display panels. 10. A detecting device for a display panel, comprising:
an image collecting module collecting a first detection image of the display panel, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements in the first detection image; a pixel determining module determining the pixel element of the first detection image having the gray scale value outside a default gray scale range as a first pixel element, determining a first communication region constituted by each of the first pixel elements of the first detection images, and calculating an aspect ratio of the first communication region; and a type looking module looking up a target parameter matching with the aspect ratio of the first communication region from a pre-built database, and determining a target type corresponding to the target parameter as a type of the display panel. 11. The detecting device according to claim 10, wherein the database at least comprises a horizontal stripe type and a horizontal stripe parameter corresponding to the horizontal stripe type, a vertical stripe type and a vertical stripe parameter corresponding to the vertical stripe type, a rhombus type and a rhombus parameter corresponding to the rhombus type, and a circular type and a circular parameter corresponding to the circular type. 12. The detecting device according to claim 10, wherein an aspect ratio of the first communication region is a ratio of a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a horizontal direction to a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a vertical direction. 13. The detecting device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a gray scale presetting module, wherein before the first detection image of the display panel is collected, the gray scale presetting module collects second detection images of a plurality of normal display panels and acquires the gray scale value of each of pixel elements of the second detection images, and determines a gray scale range, constituted by a maximum gray scale value and a minimum gray scale value of the pixel elements of the second detection images, as the default gray scale range. 14. The detecting device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a database building module, wherein before the first detection image of the display panel is collected, the database building module collects third detection images of at least 25 display panels having the first type and acquires a gray scale value of each of pixel elements of each of the third detection images, looks up the third pixel elements of the third detection images having the gray scale values outside the default gray scale range, determines the third communication region constituted by each of the third pixel elements of the third detection images, calculates the aspect ratio of the third communication region in each of the third detection images, and determines the parameter range, constituted by a maximum aspect ratio and a minimum aspect ratio of the third communication regions in the third detection images, as the first parameter corresponding to the first type. 15. The detecting device according to claim 14, wherein the gray scale presetting module and the database building module are integrated into a configuration module. 16. A detecting device for a display panel, comprising:
an image collecting module collecting a first detection image of the display panel, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements in the first detection image; a pixel determining module determining the pixel element of the first detection image having the gray scale value outside a default gray scale range as a first pixel element, determining a first communication region constituted by each of the first pixel elements of the first detection images, and calculating an aspect ratio of the first communication region, wherein an aspect ratio of the first communication region is a ratio of a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a horizontal direction to a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a vertical direction; and a type looking module looking up a target parameter matching with the aspect ratio of the first communication region from a pre-built database, and determining a target type corresponding to the target parameter as a type of the display panel, wherein the database at least comprises a horizontal stripe type and a horizontal stripe parameter corresponding to the horizontal stripe type, a vertical stripe type and a vertical stripe parameter corresponding to the vertical stripe type, a rhombus type and a rhombus parameter corresponding to the rhombus type, and a circular type and a circular parameter corresponding to the circular type. 17. The detecting device according to claim 16, further comprising:
a gray scale presetting module, wherein before the first detection image of the display panel is collected, the gray scale presetting module collects second detection images of a plurality of normal display panels and acquires the gray scale value of each of pixel elements of the second detection images, and determines a gray scale range, constituted by a maximum gray scale value and a minimum gray scale value of the pixel elements of the second detection images, as the default gray scale range. 18. The detecting device according to claim 17, further comprising:
a database building module, wherein before the first detection image of the display panel is collected, the database building module collects third detection images of at least 25 display panels having the first type and acquires a gray scale value of each of pixel elements of each of the third detection images, looks up the third pixel elements of the third detection images having the gray scale values outside the default gray scale range, determines the third communication region constituted by each of the third pixel elements of the third detection images, calculates the aspect ratio of the third communication region in each of the third detection images, and determines the parameter range, constituted by a maximum aspect ratio and a minimum aspect ratio of the third communication regions in the third detection images, as the first parameter corresponding to the first type. 19. The detecting device according to claim 18, wherein the gray scale presetting module and the database building module are integrated into a configuration module. | A detecting method and a detecting device for a display panel are provided. The detecting method includes: collecting a first detection image of the display panel, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements in the first detection image; determining the pixel element of the first detection image having the gray scale value outside a default gray scale range as a first pixel element, determining a first communication region constituted by each of the first pixel element of the first detection image, and calculating an aspect ratio of the first communication region; and looking up a target parameter matching with the aspect ratio of the first communication region from a pre-built database, and determining a target type corresponding to the target parameter as a type of the display panel.1. A detecting method for a display panel, comprising:
collecting a first detection image of the display panel, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements in the first detection image; determining the pixel elements of the first detection image having the gray scale value outside a default gray scale range as a first pixel element determining a first communication region constituted by each of the first pixel element of the first detection image, and calculating an aspect ratio of the first communication region; and looking up a target parameter matching with the aspect ratio of the first communication region from a pre-built database, and determining a target type corresponding to the target parameter as a type of the display panel. 2. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein a process of pre-setting the default gray scale range of the detecting device comprises:
collecting second detection images of a plurality of normal display panels, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements of the second detection images; and determining the gray scale range constituted by a maximum gray scale value and a minimum gray scale value of the pixel elements of the second detection images as the default gray scale range. 3. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein a process of building the database comprises:
collecting third detection images of at least 25 display panels having a first type, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements of each of the third detection images; looking up third pixel elements of the third detection images having the gray scale values outside the default gray scale range, and determining a third communication region constituted by each of the third pixel elements of the third detection images; and calculating an aspect ratio of the third communication region in each of the third detection images, determining a parameter range constituted by a maximum aspect ratio and a minimum aspect ratio of the third communication regions in the third detection images, and determining the parameter range as a first parameter corresponding to a first type. 4. The detecting method according to claim 3, wherein the database at least comprises a horizontal stripe type and a horizontal stripe parameter corresponding to the horizontal stripe type, a vertical stripe type and a vertical stripe parameter corresponding to the vertical stripe type, a rhombus type and a rhombus parameter corresponding to the rhombus type, and a circular type and a circular parameter corresponding to the circular type. 5. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein a number of the first pixel elements occupying the ratio exceeding 80%. 6. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein an aspect ratio of the first communication region is a ratio of a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a horizontal direction to a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a vertical direction. 7. The detecting method according to claim 6, wherein a long side direction of the display panel is corresponding to the vertical direction, and a short side direction of the display panel is corresponding to the horizontal direction. 8. The detecting method according to claim 6, wherein a long side direction of the display panel is corresponding to the horizontal direction, and a short side direction of the display panel is corresponding to the vertical direction. 9. The detecting method according to claim 2, wherein the step of collecting the second detection images of the plurality of normal display panels is to collect the second detection images of at least 25 display panels. 10. A detecting device for a display panel, comprising:
an image collecting module collecting a first detection image of the display panel, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements in the first detection image; a pixel determining module determining the pixel element of the first detection image having the gray scale value outside a default gray scale range as a first pixel element, determining a first communication region constituted by each of the first pixel elements of the first detection images, and calculating an aspect ratio of the first communication region; and a type looking module looking up a target parameter matching with the aspect ratio of the first communication region from a pre-built database, and determining a target type corresponding to the target parameter as a type of the display panel. 11. The detecting device according to claim 10, wherein the database at least comprises a horizontal stripe type and a horizontal stripe parameter corresponding to the horizontal stripe type, a vertical stripe type and a vertical stripe parameter corresponding to the vertical stripe type, a rhombus type and a rhombus parameter corresponding to the rhombus type, and a circular type and a circular parameter corresponding to the circular type. 12. The detecting device according to claim 10, wherein an aspect ratio of the first communication region is a ratio of a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a horizontal direction to a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a vertical direction. 13. The detecting device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a gray scale presetting module, wherein before the first detection image of the display panel is collected, the gray scale presetting module collects second detection images of a plurality of normal display panels and acquires the gray scale value of each of pixel elements of the second detection images, and determines a gray scale range, constituted by a maximum gray scale value and a minimum gray scale value of the pixel elements of the second detection images, as the default gray scale range. 14. The detecting device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a database building module, wherein before the first detection image of the display panel is collected, the database building module collects third detection images of at least 25 display panels having the first type and acquires a gray scale value of each of pixel elements of each of the third detection images, looks up the third pixel elements of the third detection images having the gray scale values outside the default gray scale range, determines the third communication region constituted by each of the third pixel elements of the third detection images, calculates the aspect ratio of the third communication region in each of the third detection images, and determines the parameter range, constituted by a maximum aspect ratio and a minimum aspect ratio of the third communication regions in the third detection images, as the first parameter corresponding to the first type. 15. The detecting device according to claim 14, wherein the gray scale presetting module and the database building module are integrated into a configuration module. 16. A detecting device for a display panel, comprising:
an image collecting module collecting a first detection image of the display panel, and acquiring a gray scale value of each of pixel elements in the first detection image; a pixel determining module determining the pixel element of the first detection image having the gray scale value outside a default gray scale range as a first pixel element, determining a first communication region constituted by each of the first pixel elements of the first detection images, and calculating an aspect ratio of the first communication region, wherein an aspect ratio of the first communication region is a ratio of a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a horizontal direction to a maximum number of the pixel elements of the first communication region in a vertical direction; and a type looking module looking up a target parameter matching with the aspect ratio of the first communication region from a pre-built database, and determining a target type corresponding to the target parameter as a type of the display panel, wherein the database at least comprises a horizontal stripe type and a horizontal stripe parameter corresponding to the horizontal stripe type, a vertical stripe type and a vertical stripe parameter corresponding to the vertical stripe type, a rhombus type and a rhombus parameter corresponding to the rhombus type, and a circular type and a circular parameter corresponding to the circular type. 17. The detecting device according to claim 16, further comprising:
a gray scale presetting module, wherein before the first detection image of the display panel is collected, the gray scale presetting module collects second detection images of a plurality of normal display panels and acquires the gray scale value of each of pixel elements of the second detection images, and determines a gray scale range, constituted by a maximum gray scale value and a minimum gray scale value of the pixel elements of the second detection images, as the default gray scale range. 18. The detecting device according to claim 17, further comprising:
a database building module, wherein before the first detection image of the display panel is collected, the database building module collects third detection images of at least 25 display panels having the first type and acquires a gray scale value of each of pixel elements of each of the third detection images, looks up the third pixel elements of the third detection images having the gray scale values outside the default gray scale range, determines the third communication region constituted by each of the third pixel elements of the third detection images, calculates the aspect ratio of the third communication region in each of the third detection images, and determines the parameter range, constituted by a maximum aspect ratio and a minimum aspect ratio of the third communication regions in the third detection images, as the first parameter corresponding to the first type. 19. The detecting device according to claim 18, wherein the gray scale presetting module and the database building module are integrated into a configuration module. | 1,600 |
345,224 | 16,643,095 | 1,634 | The present invention relates to an adenoviral vector capable of encoding a virus-like particle (VLP), said VLP displaying an inactive immune-suppressive domain (ISD). The vaccine of the invention shows an improved immune response from either of both of the response pathways initiated by CD4 T cells or CD8 T cells. | 1.-16. (canceled) 17. A nucleic acid molecule, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope protein or an immunogenic part thereof, wherein the ERV envelope protein or the immunogenic part thereof comprises an immunosuppressive domain (ISD), wherein the ISD comprises mutations that render the ISD inactive. 18. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 17, wherein the ISD has a peptide sequence according to SEQ ID No.1, SEQ ID No.2, SEQ ID No.3, SEQ ID No.4, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID No.6, SEQ ID No.49, or a peptide sequence that has at least one amino acid difference(s) with SEQ ID No.1, SEQ ID No.2, SEQ ID No.3, SEQ ID No.4, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID No.6, or SEQ ID No.49. 19. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 17, wherein at least one of the amino acids in a region of 10 amino acids upstream or downstream of the ISD is exchanged with a different amino acid. 20. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 17, wherein the ERV envelope protein is a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) protein or an immunogenic part thereof, wherein said HERV is selected from the group consisting of HERV-K, HERV-H, HERV-W, HERV-FRD, and HERV-E, and wherein the HERV-K is selected among the group consisting of HERV-K108 (ERVK-6), ERVK-19, HERV-K115 (ERVK-8), ERVK-9, HERV-K113, ERVK-21, ERVK-25, HERV-K102 (ERVK-7), HERV-K101 (ERVK-24), and HERV-K110 (ERVK-18); HERV-H is selected from the group consisting of HERV-H19 (HERV-H 2q24.3), and HERV-H_2q24.1; HERV-W is ERVW-1 (Syncytin-1); and HERV-FRD is ERVFRD-1 (Syncytin-2). 21. An adenoviral vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 17, wherein the adenoviral vector comprises a human adenovirus serotype, a chimpanzee adenovirus serotype, or a gorilla adenovirus serotype. 22. The adenoviral vector of claim 21, wherein the human adenovirus serotype comprises D group vectors, human adenovirus serotype Ad5, human adenovirus serotype Ad19a, or human adenovirus serotype Ad26, and wherein the chimpanzee adenovirus serotype comprises serotype 5 (Ad5) or adenovirus, serotype 19 (Ad19). 23. The adenoviral vector of claim 21, wherein the adenoviral vector encodes a virus-like particle (VLP), wherein said VLP displaying an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope protein or an immunogenic part thereof with an inactive immune-suppressive domain (ISD). 24. The adenoviral vector of claim 21, wherein protein products from the adenovirus vector comprises a gag protein, a 2A peptide, an envelope protein (Env), and/or a signal peptide; wherein the Env protein comprises a Surface Unit (gp70), a cleavage site, a transmembrane unit (p15E), wherein the transmembrane unit (p15E) comprises a fusion peptide, a transmembrane anchor, and a cytoplasmatic tail, wherein p15E or an immunogenic part thereof is coupled to the adenoviral capsid protein pIX. 25. The adenoviral vector of claim 24, wherein the signal peptide coded for by the adenoviral vector is exchanged with a signal peptide from Gaussia luciferase (LucSP), and/or wherein the transmembrane anchor and the cytoplasmatic tail coded for by the adenoviral vector are exchanged with the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail from Influenza A virus Hemagglutinin H3N2 (HA-TMCT). 26. A virus-like particle (VLP) encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule of claim 17. 27. The VLP of claim 26, wherein the ERV envelope protein is HERV-K. 28. A method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of a cancer in a patient, wherein the method comprises administering to the patient one or more of the following:
the nucleic acid molecule according to claim 17; a protein encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule; an adenoviral vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule; a virus-like particle (VLP) encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule; and/or a vaccine comprising the nucleic acid, the protein, the adenoviral vector, or the VLP. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method comprises priming the subject by administering an adenoviral vector at least 5 days before boosting the subject by administering the vaccine. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the adenoviral vector encodes a virus-like particle (VLP), said VLP displaying an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope protein or an immunogenic part thereof with an inactive immune-suppressive domain (ISD). 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising the step of post treating the patient 5 days or more after the exposure of the patient for the vaccine with a virus encoded VLP different from the VLP derived from the adenoviral vector, wherein the virus encoded VLP different from the VLP derived from the adenoviral vector is a VLP derived from Modified Vaccina Ankara (MVA). 32. The method of claim 28, wherein the cancer is an ERV-expressing cancer, a prostate cancer, a breast cancer, an ovarian cancer, a lymphoma, a melanoma, a leukemia, a sarcoma, a colorectal cancer, a testicular cancer, a lung cancer, or a liver cancer. 33. A nucleic acid molecule encoding a Gag protein and an ERV envelope protein (Env) or an immunogenic part thereof, wherein the native genomic structure connecting Gag and the Env has been replaced by an operative linker. 34. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 33, wherein the operative linker is p2A. 35. A method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of a cancer in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering:
a nucleic acid molecule according to claim 33; or a virus-like particle (VLP) encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule. 36. A virus-like particle (VLP) encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule of claim 33. 37. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 33, wherein the Env is a HERV-K. | The present invention relates to an adenoviral vector capable of encoding a virus-like particle (VLP), said VLP displaying an inactive immune-suppressive domain (ISD). The vaccine of the invention shows an improved immune response from either of both of the response pathways initiated by CD4 T cells or CD8 T cells.1.-16. (canceled) 17. A nucleic acid molecule, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope protein or an immunogenic part thereof, wherein the ERV envelope protein or the immunogenic part thereof comprises an immunosuppressive domain (ISD), wherein the ISD comprises mutations that render the ISD inactive. 18. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 17, wherein the ISD has a peptide sequence according to SEQ ID No.1, SEQ ID No.2, SEQ ID No.3, SEQ ID No.4, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID No.6, SEQ ID No.49, or a peptide sequence that has at least one amino acid difference(s) with SEQ ID No.1, SEQ ID No.2, SEQ ID No.3, SEQ ID No.4, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID No.6, or SEQ ID No.49. 19. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 17, wherein at least one of the amino acids in a region of 10 amino acids upstream or downstream of the ISD is exchanged with a different amino acid. 20. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 17, wherein the ERV envelope protein is a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) protein or an immunogenic part thereof, wherein said HERV is selected from the group consisting of HERV-K, HERV-H, HERV-W, HERV-FRD, and HERV-E, and wherein the HERV-K is selected among the group consisting of HERV-K108 (ERVK-6), ERVK-19, HERV-K115 (ERVK-8), ERVK-9, HERV-K113, ERVK-21, ERVK-25, HERV-K102 (ERVK-7), HERV-K101 (ERVK-24), and HERV-K110 (ERVK-18); HERV-H is selected from the group consisting of HERV-H19 (HERV-H 2q24.3), and HERV-H_2q24.1; HERV-W is ERVW-1 (Syncytin-1); and HERV-FRD is ERVFRD-1 (Syncytin-2). 21. An adenoviral vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 17, wherein the adenoviral vector comprises a human adenovirus serotype, a chimpanzee adenovirus serotype, or a gorilla adenovirus serotype. 22. The adenoviral vector of claim 21, wherein the human adenovirus serotype comprises D group vectors, human adenovirus serotype Ad5, human adenovirus serotype Ad19a, or human adenovirus serotype Ad26, and wherein the chimpanzee adenovirus serotype comprises serotype 5 (Ad5) or adenovirus, serotype 19 (Ad19). 23. The adenoviral vector of claim 21, wherein the adenoviral vector encodes a virus-like particle (VLP), wherein said VLP displaying an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope protein or an immunogenic part thereof with an inactive immune-suppressive domain (ISD). 24. The adenoviral vector of claim 21, wherein protein products from the adenovirus vector comprises a gag protein, a 2A peptide, an envelope protein (Env), and/or a signal peptide; wherein the Env protein comprises a Surface Unit (gp70), a cleavage site, a transmembrane unit (p15E), wherein the transmembrane unit (p15E) comprises a fusion peptide, a transmembrane anchor, and a cytoplasmatic tail, wherein p15E or an immunogenic part thereof is coupled to the adenoviral capsid protein pIX. 25. The adenoviral vector of claim 24, wherein the signal peptide coded for by the adenoviral vector is exchanged with a signal peptide from Gaussia luciferase (LucSP), and/or wherein the transmembrane anchor and the cytoplasmatic tail coded for by the adenoviral vector are exchanged with the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail from Influenza A virus Hemagglutinin H3N2 (HA-TMCT). 26. A virus-like particle (VLP) encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule of claim 17. 27. The VLP of claim 26, wherein the ERV envelope protein is HERV-K. 28. A method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of a cancer in a patient, wherein the method comprises administering to the patient one or more of the following:
the nucleic acid molecule according to claim 17; a protein encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule; an adenoviral vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule; a virus-like particle (VLP) encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule; and/or a vaccine comprising the nucleic acid, the protein, the adenoviral vector, or the VLP. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method comprises priming the subject by administering an adenoviral vector at least 5 days before boosting the subject by administering the vaccine. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the adenoviral vector encodes a virus-like particle (VLP), said VLP displaying an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope protein or an immunogenic part thereof with an inactive immune-suppressive domain (ISD). 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising the step of post treating the patient 5 days or more after the exposure of the patient for the vaccine with a virus encoded VLP different from the VLP derived from the adenoviral vector, wherein the virus encoded VLP different from the VLP derived from the adenoviral vector is a VLP derived from Modified Vaccina Ankara (MVA). 32. The method of claim 28, wherein the cancer is an ERV-expressing cancer, a prostate cancer, a breast cancer, an ovarian cancer, a lymphoma, a melanoma, a leukemia, a sarcoma, a colorectal cancer, a testicular cancer, a lung cancer, or a liver cancer. 33. A nucleic acid molecule encoding a Gag protein and an ERV envelope protein (Env) or an immunogenic part thereof, wherein the native genomic structure connecting Gag and the Env has been replaced by an operative linker. 34. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 33, wherein the operative linker is p2A. 35. A method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of a cancer in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering:
a nucleic acid molecule according to claim 33; or a virus-like particle (VLP) encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule. 36. A virus-like particle (VLP) encoded for by the nucleic acid molecule of claim 33. 37. The nucleic acid molecule according to claim 33, wherein the Env is a HERV-K. | 1,600 |
345,225 | 16,643,089 | 1,634 | Disclosed by the present application are a discontinuous reception method, a network device and a terminal device, the method comprising: a network device determining a first sequence corresponding to a terminal device according to information of a device group to which the terminal device belongs, the first sequence being used for instructing the terminal device to awaken or sleep within the activation period of a discontinuous reception (DRX) period after the first sequence; the terminal device belongs to a device group from among M device groups, and the first sequence corresponds to the device group to which the terminal device belongs, different device groups from among the M device groups corresponding to different first sequences; the network device sending a DRX instruction signal to the terminal device, the DRX instruction signal comprising the first sequence. The first sequence is related to specific information, such as the device group of the terminal device, and thus terminal devices of different attributes may effectively identify respective first sequences, and awaken or sleep during the DRX period after the first sequence according to the instruction of the first sequence. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A method for Discontinuous Reception (DRX), comprising:
receiving, by a terminal device, a DRX indication signal sent by a network device, wherein the DRX indication signal comprises a first sequence, the first sequence is to instruct the terminal device to wake up or sleep during an on duration in a DRX cycle after the first sequence, the terminal device belongs to a device group in M device groups, the first sequence corresponds to the device group to which the terminal device belongs, each device group in the M device groups corresponds to a respective first sequence and M is a positive integer; and the terminal device waking up or sleeping during the on duration in the DRX cycle after the first sequence according to the first sequence. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the device group to which the terminal device belongs is determined according to a User Equipment Identity (UE-ID) of the terminal device or an access level of the terminal device. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein M first sequences corresponding to the M device groups are: M orthogonal sequences, or M Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different offset values. 17-19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first sequence corresponding to the terminal device is determined according to the device group to which the terminal device belongs and a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of a cell where the terminal device is located. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein each of a plurality of cells corresponds to a respective one of a plurality of initial sequences, the respective initial sequence corresponding to each of the plurality of cells is generated based on a PCI of the cell, each of the M device groups corresponds to a respective one of M second scrambling codes, and initial sequences corresponding to the terminal devices belonging to different device groups in each cell are scrambled with respective second scrambling codes. 22-26. (canceled) 27. A network device, comprising:
a processor; a transceiver; and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to: determine a first sequence corresponding to a terminal device according to information about a device group to which the terminal device belongs, wherein the first sequence is to instruct the terminal device to wake up or sleep during an on duration in a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle after the first sequence, the terminal device belongs to a device group in M device groups, the first sequence corresponds to the device group to which the terminal device belongs, each device group in the M device groups corresponds to a respective first sequence and M is a positive integer; and control the transceiver to send a DRX indication signal to the terminal device, wherein the DRX indication signal comprises the first sequence determined by the processor, to enable the terminal device to wake up or sleep during the on duration in the DRX cycle after the first sequence according to the first sequence. 28. The network device of claim 27, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine the device group to which the terminal device belongs according to a User Equipment Identity (UE-ID) of the terminal device or an access level of the terminal device. 29. The network device of claim 27, wherein M first sequences corresponding to the M device groups are: M orthogonal sequences, or M Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different offset values. 30-32. (canceled) 33. The network device of claim 27, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:
determine the first sequence corresponding to the terminal device according to the device group to which the terminal device belongs and a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of a cell where the terminal device is located. 34. The network device of claim 33, wherein each of a plurality of cells corresponds to a respective one of a plurality of initial sequences, the respective initial sequence corresponding to each of the plurality of cells is generated based on a PCI of the cell, each of the M device groups corresponds to a respective one of M second scrambling codes, and initial sequences corresponding to the terminal devices belonging to different device groups in each cell are scrambled with respective second scrambling codes. 35-39. (canceled) 40. A terminal device for Discontinuous Reception (DRX), comprising:
a processor; a transceiver; and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to: control the transceiver to receive a DRX indication signal sent by a network device, wherein the DRX indication signal comprises a first sequence, the first sequence is to instruct the terminal device to wake up or sleep during an on duration in a DRX cycle after the first sequence, the terminal device belongs to a device group in M device groups, the first sequence corresponds to the device group to which the terminal device belongs, each device group in the M device groups corresponds to a respective first sequence and M is a positive integer; and wake up or sleep during the on duration in the DRX cycle after the first sequence according to the first sequence received by the transceiver. 41. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the device group to which the terminal device belongs is determined according to a User Equipment Identity (UE-ID) of the terminal device or an access level of the terminal device. 42. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein M first sequences corresponding to the M device groups are: M orthogonal sequences, or M Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different offset values. 43. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the first sequence corresponding to the terminal device is determined according to the device group to which the terminal device belongs and a Tracking Area (TA) where the terminal device is located. 44. The terminal device of claim 43, wherein the terminal device belongs to a TA group in N TA groups, and M×N first sequences corresponding to M×N terminal devices belonging to different device groups and belonging to different TA groups in all terminal devices of the M device groups are: M×N orthogonal sequences, or M×N Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different offset values; or
M first sequences corresponding to the M device groups are M ZC sequences with different offset values, and the ZC sequences corresponding to the terminal devices belonging to different TA groups are scrambled with respective first scrambling codes, each of the first scrambling codes is generated based on a respective one of the TA groups and N is a positive integer. 45. The terminal device of claim 44, wherein a serial number of the TA group to which the terminal device belongs is mod (TA code, N), and TA code is a TA code of the TA where the terminal device is located. 46. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the first sequence corresponding to the terminal device is determined according to the device group to which the terminal device belongs and a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of a cell where the terminal device is located. 47. The terminal device of claim 46, wherein each of a plurality of cells corresponds to a respective one of a plurality of initial sequences, the respective initial sequence corresponding to each of the plurality of cells is generated based on a PCI of the cell, each of the M device groups corresponds to a respective one of M second scrambling codes, and initial sequences corresponding to the terminal devices belonging to different device groups in each cell are scrambled with respective second scrambling codes. 48. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the processor is specifically configured to control the transceiver to:
receive the first sequence simultaneously sent by the network device and other network devices in a Tracking Area (TA) where the terminal device is located through a Single Frequency Network (SFN). 49. (canceled) 50. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the DRX indication signal further comprises a second sequence, the second sequence is generated based on a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of a cell where the terminal device is located, and
in the case that the first sequence instructs the terminal device to wake up during the on duration in the DRX cycle after the first sequence, the processor is further configured to: perform time-frequency synchronization according to the second sequence. 51-52. (canceled) | Disclosed by the present application are a discontinuous reception method, a network device and a terminal device, the method comprising: a network device determining a first sequence corresponding to a terminal device according to information of a device group to which the terminal device belongs, the first sequence being used for instructing the terminal device to awaken or sleep within the activation period of a discontinuous reception (DRX) period after the first sequence; the terminal device belongs to a device group from among M device groups, and the first sequence corresponds to the device group to which the terminal device belongs, different device groups from among the M device groups corresponding to different first sequences; the network device sending a DRX instruction signal to the terminal device, the DRX instruction signal comprising the first sequence. The first sequence is related to specific information, such as the device group of the terminal device, and thus terminal devices of different attributes may effectively identify respective first sequences, and awaken or sleep during the DRX period after the first sequence according to the instruction of the first sequence.1-13. (canceled) 14. A method for Discontinuous Reception (DRX), comprising:
receiving, by a terminal device, a DRX indication signal sent by a network device, wherein the DRX indication signal comprises a first sequence, the first sequence is to instruct the terminal device to wake up or sleep during an on duration in a DRX cycle after the first sequence, the terminal device belongs to a device group in M device groups, the first sequence corresponds to the device group to which the terminal device belongs, each device group in the M device groups corresponds to a respective first sequence and M is a positive integer; and the terminal device waking up or sleeping during the on duration in the DRX cycle after the first sequence according to the first sequence. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the device group to which the terminal device belongs is determined according to a User Equipment Identity (UE-ID) of the terminal device or an access level of the terminal device. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein M first sequences corresponding to the M device groups are: M orthogonal sequences, or M Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different offset values. 17-19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first sequence corresponding to the terminal device is determined according to the device group to which the terminal device belongs and a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of a cell where the terminal device is located. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein each of a plurality of cells corresponds to a respective one of a plurality of initial sequences, the respective initial sequence corresponding to each of the plurality of cells is generated based on a PCI of the cell, each of the M device groups corresponds to a respective one of M second scrambling codes, and initial sequences corresponding to the terminal devices belonging to different device groups in each cell are scrambled with respective second scrambling codes. 22-26. (canceled) 27. A network device, comprising:
a processor; a transceiver; and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to: determine a first sequence corresponding to a terminal device according to information about a device group to which the terminal device belongs, wherein the first sequence is to instruct the terminal device to wake up or sleep during an on duration in a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle after the first sequence, the terminal device belongs to a device group in M device groups, the first sequence corresponds to the device group to which the terminal device belongs, each device group in the M device groups corresponds to a respective first sequence and M is a positive integer; and control the transceiver to send a DRX indication signal to the terminal device, wherein the DRX indication signal comprises the first sequence determined by the processor, to enable the terminal device to wake up or sleep during the on duration in the DRX cycle after the first sequence according to the first sequence. 28. The network device of claim 27, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine the device group to which the terminal device belongs according to a User Equipment Identity (UE-ID) of the terminal device or an access level of the terminal device. 29. The network device of claim 27, wherein M first sequences corresponding to the M device groups are: M orthogonal sequences, or M Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different offset values. 30-32. (canceled) 33. The network device of claim 27, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:
determine the first sequence corresponding to the terminal device according to the device group to which the terminal device belongs and a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of a cell where the terminal device is located. 34. The network device of claim 33, wherein each of a plurality of cells corresponds to a respective one of a plurality of initial sequences, the respective initial sequence corresponding to each of the plurality of cells is generated based on a PCI of the cell, each of the M device groups corresponds to a respective one of M second scrambling codes, and initial sequences corresponding to the terminal devices belonging to different device groups in each cell are scrambled with respective second scrambling codes. 35-39. (canceled) 40. A terminal device for Discontinuous Reception (DRX), comprising:
a processor; a transceiver; and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to: control the transceiver to receive a DRX indication signal sent by a network device, wherein the DRX indication signal comprises a first sequence, the first sequence is to instruct the terminal device to wake up or sleep during an on duration in a DRX cycle after the first sequence, the terminal device belongs to a device group in M device groups, the first sequence corresponds to the device group to which the terminal device belongs, each device group in the M device groups corresponds to a respective first sequence and M is a positive integer; and wake up or sleep during the on duration in the DRX cycle after the first sequence according to the first sequence received by the transceiver. 41. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the device group to which the terminal device belongs is determined according to a User Equipment Identity (UE-ID) of the terminal device or an access level of the terminal device. 42. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein M first sequences corresponding to the M device groups are: M orthogonal sequences, or M Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different offset values. 43. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the first sequence corresponding to the terminal device is determined according to the device group to which the terminal device belongs and a Tracking Area (TA) where the terminal device is located. 44. The terminal device of claim 43, wherein the terminal device belongs to a TA group in N TA groups, and M×N first sequences corresponding to M×N terminal devices belonging to different device groups and belonging to different TA groups in all terminal devices of the M device groups are: M×N orthogonal sequences, or M×N Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different offset values; or
M first sequences corresponding to the M device groups are M ZC sequences with different offset values, and the ZC sequences corresponding to the terminal devices belonging to different TA groups are scrambled with respective first scrambling codes, each of the first scrambling codes is generated based on a respective one of the TA groups and N is a positive integer. 45. The terminal device of claim 44, wherein a serial number of the TA group to which the terminal device belongs is mod (TA code, N), and TA code is a TA code of the TA where the terminal device is located. 46. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the first sequence corresponding to the terminal device is determined according to the device group to which the terminal device belongs and a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of a cell where the terminal device is located. 47. The terminal device of claim 46, wherein each of a plurality of cells corresponds to a respective one of a plurality of initial sequences, the respective initial sequence corresponding to each of the plurality of cells is generated based on a PCI of the cell, each of the M device groups corresponds to a respective one of M second scrambling codes, and initial sequences corresponding to the terminal devices belonging to different device groups in each cell are scrambled with respective second scrambling codes. 48. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the processor is specifically configured to control the transceiver to:
receive the first sequence simultaneously sent by the network device and other network devices in a Tracking Area (TA) where the terminal device is located through a Single Frequency Network (SFN). 49. (canceled) 50. The terminal device of claim 40, wherein the DRX indication signal further comprises a second sequence, the second sequence is generated based on a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of a cell where the terminal device is located, and
in the case that the first sequence instructs the terminal device to wake up during the on duration in the DRX cycle after the first sequence, the processor is further configured to: perform time-frequency synchronization according to the second sequence. 51-52. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,226 | 16,643,142 | 1,634 | A simulation device has a simulation unit and a coordinate acquisition unit. The simulation unit simulates the operations of press devices and the operations of feeder devices that transport a workpiece between the press devices. The coordinate acquisition unit acquires a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in the width direction of the feeder devices from simulation. | 1. A simulation device comprising:
a simulating unit configured to simulate operations of a plurality of press devices for performing pressing on a workpiece and operation of a transport device for transporting the workpiece between the plurality of press devices, and an acquiring unit configured to acquire a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in a width direction of the transport device from simulation. 2. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of predetermined positions include positions at both ends in the width direction of the transport device. 3. The simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising
an output unit configured to externally outputs the locus of the plurality of predetermined positions. 4. The simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising
a display unit configured to display the locus of the plurality of predetermined positions. 5. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein
a transport bar to which a holding tool for holding the workpiece is removably attached is provided to the transport device, and the plurality of predetermined positions are positions at both ends of the transport bar. 6. The simulation device according to claim 5, wherein
the transport device includes a tilting mechanism for tilting the transport bar so that the heights at both ends of the transport bar are different. 7. The simulation device according to claim 6, further comprising
a motion setting unit configured to set a motion of the transport device, the motion including the tilting of the transport bar. 8. A press system comprising:
a plurality of press devices configured to press a workpiece, a transport device configured to transport the workpiece between the plurality of press devices, and a simulation device including a simulation unit configured to simulate operations of the plurality of press devices and operation of the transport device, and an acquiring unit configured to acquire a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in a width direction of the transport device from simulation. 9. A simulation method comprising:
a simulating step for simulating operations of a plurality of press devices for performing pressing on a workpiece and operation of a transport device for transporting the workpiece between the plurality of press devices, and an acquiring step for acquiring a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in a width direction of the transport device from simulation. 10. A program that is executable by a computer, the program being executable by the computer to execute steps comprising:
a simulating step for simulating operations of a plurality of press devices for performing pressing on a workpiece and operation of a transport device for transporting the workpiece between the plurality of press devices, and an acquiring step for acquiring a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in a width direction of the transport device from simulation. 11. A recording medium that records the program of claim 10 and that is readable by a computer. 12. The simulation device according to claim 2, further comprising
an output unit configured to externally outputs the locus of the plurality of predetermined positions. 13. The simulation device according to claim 12, further comprising
a display unit configured to display the locus of the plurality of predetermined positions. 14. The simulation device according to claim 13, wherein
a transport bar to which a holding tool for holding the workpiece is removably attached is provided to the transport device, and the plurality of predetermined positions are positions at both ends of the transport bar. | A simulation device has a simulation unit and a coordinate acquisition unit. The simulation unit simulates the operations of press devices and the operations of feeder devices that transport a workpiece between the press devices. The coordinate acquisition unit acquires a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in the width direction of the feeder devices from simulation.1. A simulation device comprising:
a simulating unit configured to simulate operations of a plurality of press devices for performing pressing on a workpiece and operation of a transport device for transporting the workpiece between the plurality of press devices, and an acquiring unit configured to acquire a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in a width direction of the transport device from simulation. 2. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of predetermined positions include positions at both ends in the width direction of the transport device. 3. The simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising
an output unit configured to externally outputs the locus of the plurality of predetermined positions. 4. The simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising
a display unit configured to display the locus of the plurality of predetermined positions. 5. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein
a transport bar to which a holding tool for holding the workpiece is removably attached is provided to the transport device, and the plurality of predetermined positions are positions at both ends of the transport bar. 6. The simulation device according to claim 5, wherein
the transport device includes a tilting mechanism for tilting the transport bar so that the heights at both ends of the transport bar are different. 7. The simulation device according to claim 6, further comprising
a motion setting unit configured to set a motion of the transport device, the motion including the tilting of the transport bar. 8. A press system comprising:
a plurality of press devices configured to press a workpiece, a transport device configured to transport the workpiece between the plurality of press devices, and a simulation device including a simulation unit configured to simulate operations of the plurality of press devices and operation of the transport device, and an acquiring unit configured to acquire a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in a width direction of the transport device from simulation. 9. A simulation method comprising:
a simulating step for simulating operations of a plurality of press devices for performing pressing on a workpiece and operation of a transport device for transporting the workpiece between the plurality of press devices, and an acquiring step for acquiring a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in a width direction of the transport device from simulation. 10. A program that is executable by a computer, the program being executable by the computer to execute steps comprising:
a simulating step for simulating operations of a plurality of press devices for performing pressing on a workpiece and operation of a transport device for transporting the workpiece between the plurality of press devices, and an acquiring step for acquiring a locus of a plurality of predetermined positions in a width direction of the transport device from simulation. 11. A recording medium that records the program of claim 10 and that is readable by a computer. 12. The simulation device according to claim 2, further comprising
an output unit configured to externally outputs the locus of the plurality of predetermined positions. 13. The simulation device according to claim 12, further comprising
a display unit configured to display the locus of the plurality of predetermined positions. 14. The simulation device according to claim 13, wherein
a transport bar to which a holding tool for holding the workpiece is removably attached is provided to the transport device, and the plurality of predetermined positions are positions at both ends of the transport bar. | 1,600 |
345,227 | 16,643,036 | 1,634 | Methods and apparatus are disclosed for correcting for gravitational force variation in measuring the melt flow index of a polymer at a location. For example, ample, some embodiments may involve determining a value representing an extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity, such as based at least in part upon the latitude of the location. The value may be used in correcting the melt flow index measured for the polymer using a plastometer at the location. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
instrumentation, adapted to measure a melt flow index for a polymer, at a location; and a controller, configured to determine a melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity, wherein the melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity is determined based at least in part upon the melt flow index measured at the location using the instrumentation, and a value representing an extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity is determined based at least in part on the latitude of the location. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity is calculated as gstandard/g, where gstandard is standard gravity equal to 9.80665 m/s2, and g represents gravitational force at latitude ϕ and is given by g {ϕ}=9.780327 m/s2 (1+0.0053024 sin2ϕ−0.0000058 sin22ϕ). 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instrumentation comprises a plastometer. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the plastometer is adapted to measure the melt flow index for the polymer in accordance with ASTM D1238. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is implemented at least in part via software. 7. A method, comprising acts of:
(A) determining, for a location, a value representing an extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity; (B) employing the value determined in the act (A) to determine a melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the act (A) comprises determining a value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity based at least in part upon the latitude of the location. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the act (A) comprises determining the value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity by calculating gstandard/g, where gstandard is standard gravity equal to 9.80665 m/s2, and g represents gravitational force at latitude ϕ and is given by g{ϕ}=9.780327 m/s2 (1+0.0053024 sin2ϕ−0.0000058 sin2 2ϕ). 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the act (B) comprises determining a melt flow index for the polymer at the location using a plastometer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the plastometer is adapted to measure the melt flow index for the polymer in accordance with ASTM D1238. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the act (B) comprises executing programmed instructions to determine the melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the melt flow index for the polymer is determined using a plastometer comprising a load and piston, and wherein the act (B) comprises employing the value determined in the act (A) in modifying a mass of one or more of the load and piston. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the melt flow index for the polymer is determined using a plastometer comprising a scale for measuring a mass of extrudate, and wherein the act (B) comprises employing the value determined in the act (A) in adjusting the scale. 15. At least one computer-readable storage medium having instructions encoded thereon which, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform a method comprising acts of:
(A) determining, for a location, a value representing an extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity; (B) employing the value determined in the act (A) to determine a melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity. 16. The at least one computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the act (A) comprises determining a value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity based at least in part on the latitude of the location. 17. The at least one computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the act (A) comprises determining the value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity by calculating gstandard/g, where gstandard is standard gravity equal to 9.80665 m/s2, and g represents gravitational force at latitude ϕ and is given by g{ϕ}=9.780327 m/s2 (1+0.0053024 sin2ϕ−0.0000058 sin22ϕ). 18. The at least one computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the act (B) comprises determining a melt flow index for the polymer at the location using a plastometer. 19. The at least one computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the plastometer is adapted to measure the melt flow index for the polymer in accordance with ASTM D1238. | Methods and apparatus are disclosed for correcting for gravitational force variation in measuring the melt flow index of a polymer at a location. For example, ample, some embodiments may involve determining a value representing an extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity, such as based at least in part upon the latitude of the location. The value may be used in correcting the melt flow index measured for the polymer using a plastometer at the location.1. An apparatus, comprising:
instrumentation, adapted to measure a melt flow index for a polymer, at a location; and a controller, configured to determine a melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity, wherein the melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity is determined based at least in part upon the melt flow index measured at the location using the instrumentation, and a value representing an extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity is determined based at least in part on the latitude of the location. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity is calculated as gstandard/g, where gstandard is standard gravity equal to 9.80665 m/s2, and g represents gravitational force at latitude ϕ and is given by g {ϕ}=9.780327 m/s2 (1+0.0053024 sin2ϕ−0.0000058 sin22ϕ). 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instrumentation comprises a plastometer. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the plastometer is adapted to measure the melt flow index for the polymer in accordance with ASTM D1238. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is implemented at least in part via software. 7. A method, comprising acts of:
(A) determining, for a location, a value representing an extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity; (B) employing the value determined in the act (A) to determine a melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the act (A) comprises determining a value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity based at least in part upon the latitude of the location. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the act (A) comprises determining the value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity by calculating gstandard/g, where gstandard is standard gravity equal to 9.80665 m/s2, and g represents gravitational force at latitude ϕ and is given by g{ϕ}=9.780327 m/s2 (1+0.0053024 sin2ϕ−0.0000058 sin2 2ϕ). 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the act (B) comprises determining a melt flow index for the polymer at the location using a plastometer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the plastometer is adapted to measure the melt flow index for the polymer in accordance with ASTM D1238. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the act (B) comprises executing programmed instructions to determine the melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the melt flow index for the polymer is determined using a plastometer comprising a load and piston, and wherein the act (B) comprises employing the value determined in the act (A) in modifying a mass of one or more of the load and piston. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the melt flow index for the polymer is determined using a plastometer comprising a scale for measuring a mass of extrudate, and wherein the act (B) comprises employing the value determined in the act (A) in adjusting the scale. 15. At least one computer-readable storage medium having instructions encoded thereon which, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform a method comprising acts of:
(A) determining, for a location, a value representing an extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity; (B) employing the value determined in the act (A) to determine a melt flow index for the polymer at standard gravity. 16. The at least one computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the act (A) comprises determining a value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity based at least in part on the latitude of the location. 17. The at least one computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the act (A) comprises determining the value representing the extent to which gravitational force at the location varies from standard gravity by calculating gstandard/g, where gstandard is standard gravity equal to 9.80665 m/s2, and g represents gravitational force at latitude ϕ and is given by g{ϕ}=9.780327 m/s2 (1+0.0053024 sin2ϕ−0.0000058 sin22ϕ). 18. The at least one computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the act (B) comprises determining a melt flow index for the polymer at the location using a plastometer. 19. The at least one computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the plastometer is adapted to measure the melt flow index for the polymer in accordance with ASTM D1238. | 1,600 |
345,228 | 16,643,117 | 1,634 | Disclosed are an emergency brake control method, device, ECU and vehicle. The method includes: when receiving a first trigger signal indicating that a vehicle enters a driving accompanying mode, activating the driving accompanying mode; and in the driving accompanying mode, when receiving an emergency brake command, controlling an Electronic Stability Program ESP to decelerate the vehicle at a preset deceleration in the driving accompanying mode, and sending a fuel cut-off request signal to an Engine Management System EMS to cut off a torque output of an engine. | 1. An emergency brake control method applied to a vehicle, comprising:
in response to receiving a first trigger signal indicating that the vehicle enters a driving accompanying mode, activating the driving accompanying mode; and in the driving accompanying mode, in response to receiving an emergency brake command, controlling an Electronic Stability Program (ESP) to decelerate the vehicle at a preset deceleration in the driving accompanying mode, and sending a fuel cut-off request signal to an Engine Management System (EMS) to cut off a torque output of an engine; wherein in response to receiving the emergency brake command, the method further comprises: sending a request to change to a neutral gear to a Transmission Control Unit (TCU); and after the vehicle is braked to be stationary, controlling the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) to send a parking request to an Electronic Park Brake (EPB) system, to allow the Electronic Park Brake (EPB) system to perform parking brake. 2. (canceled) 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in response to receiving the emergency brake command, the method further comprises at least one of the following operations:
controlling a parking indicator in an instrument to flicker and make an alarm sound; and controlling a rear brake taillight to turn on. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
after the vehicle stops, in response to receiving a second trigger signal indicating that the vehicle quits the driving accompanying mode or a vehicle reactivating signal in the driving accompanying mode, quitting the driving accompanying mode. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in response to receiving the first trigger signal indicating that the vehicle enters the driving accompanying mode, the activating the driving accompanying mode comprises:
when a brake pedal works and a pulling duration of the Electronic Park Brake (EPB) switch meets a set duration, activating the driving accompanying mode. 6. An emergency brake control method deployed in a vehicle, comprising:
an activating module configured to, when receiving a first trigger signal indicating that the vehicle enters a driving accompanying mode, activate the driving accompanying mode; and an emergency brake module configured to, in the driving accompanying mode, in response to receiving an emergency brake command, control an Electronic Stability Program (ESP) to decelerate the vehicle at a preset deceleration in the driving accompanying mode, and send a fuel cut-off request signal to an Engine Management System (EMS) to cut off a torque output of an engine; a gear change sending module configured to, send a request to change to a neutral gear to a Transmission Control Unit (TCU); and a parking request sending module configured to, after the vehicle is braked to be stationary, control the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) to send a parking request to an Electronic Park Brake (EPB) system, to allow the Electronic Park Brake (EPB) system to perform parking brake. 7. (canceled) 8. The device according to claim 6, further comprising at least one of the following modules:
an instrument control module configured to control a parking indicator in an instrument to flicker and make an alarm sound; and a taillight control module configured to control a rear brake taillight to turn on. 9. The device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a quitting module configured to, after the vehicle stops, in response to receiving a second trigger signal indicating that the vehicle quits the driving accompanying mode or a vehicle reactivating signal in the driving accompanying mode, quit the driving accompanying mode. 10. An Electronic Control Unit (ECU), comprising the emergency brake control device according to claim 6. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) | Disclosed are an emergency brake control method, device, ECU and vehicle. The method includes: when receiving a first trigger signal indicating that a vehicle enters a driving accompanying mode, activating the driving accompanying mode; and in the driving accompanying mode, when receiving an emergency brake command, controlling an Electronic Stability Program ESP to decelerate the vehicle at a preset deceleration in the driving accompanying mode, and sending a fuel cut-off request signal to an Engine Management System EMS to cut off a torque output of an engine.1. An emergency brake control method applied to a vehicle, comprising:
in response to receiving a first trigger signal indicating that the vehicle enters a driving accompanying mode, activating the driving accompanying mode; and in the driving accompanying mode, in response to receiving an emergency brake command, controlling an Electronic Stability Program (ESP) to decelerate the vehicle at a preset deceleration in the driving accompanying mode, and sending a fuel cut-off request signal to an Engine Management System (EMS) to cut off a torque output of an engine; wherein in response to receiving the emergency brake command, the method further comprises: sending a request to change to a neutral gear to a Transmission Control Unit (TCU); and after the vehicle is braked to be stationary, controlling the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) to send a parking request to an Electronic Park Brake (EPB) system, to allow the Electronic Park Brake (EPB) system to perform parking brake. 2. (canceled) 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in response to receiving the emergency brake command, the method further comprises at least one of the following operations:
controlling a parking indicator in an instrument to flicker and make an alarm sound; and controlling a rear brake taillight to turn on. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
after the vehicle stops, in response to receiving a second trigger signal indicating that the vehicle quits the driving accompanying mode or a vehicle reactivating signal in the driving accompanying mode, quitting the driving accompanying mode. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in response to receiving the first trigger signal indicating that the vehicle enters the driving accompanying mode, the activating the driving accompanying mode comprises:
when a brake pedal works and a pulling duration of the Electronic Park Brake (EPB) switch meets a set duration, activating the driving accompanying mode. 6. An emergency brake control method deployed in a vehicle, comprising:
an activating module configured to, when receiving a first trigger signal indicating that the vehicle enters a driving accompanying mode, activate the driving accompanying mode; and an emergency brake module configured to, in the driving accompanying mode, in response to receiving an emergency brake command, control an Electronic Stability Program (ESP) to decelerate the vehicle at a preset deceleration in the driving accompanying mode, and send a fuel cut-off request signal to an Engine Management System (EMS) to cut off a torque output of an engine; a gear change sending module configured to, send a request to change to a neutral gear to a Transmission Control Unit (TCU); and a parking request sending module configured to, after the vehicle is braked to be stationary, control the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) to send a parking request to an Electronic Park Brake (EPB) system, to allow the Electronic Park Brake (EPB) system to perform parking brake. 7. (canceled) 8. The device according to claim 6, further comprising at least one of the following modules:
an instrument control module configured to control a parking indicator in an instrument to flicker and make an alarm sound; and a taillight control module configured to control a rear brake taillight to turn on. 9. The device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a quitting module configured to, after the vehicle stops, in response to receiving a second trigger signal indicating that the vehicle quits the driving accompanying mode or a vehicle reactivating signal in the driving accompanying mode, quit the driving accompanying mode. 10. An Electronic Control Unit (ECU), comprising the emergency brake control device according to claim 6. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,229 | 16,643,131 | 1,634 | Noise-abatement for a leading edge wing slat is provided by a noise-abatement airflow shield integral with the lower trailing edge of the slat, wherein the shield is reciprocally autonomously curvable from a substantially planar configuration when the slat is in a retracted position thereof and into a convexly curved configuration when the slat is in a deployed position thereof. | 1. A leading edge wing slat having upper and lower surfaces with upper and lower trailing edges, respectively, and a noise-abatement airflow shield integral with the lower trailing edge of the slat, wherein the shield is reciprocally autonomously curvable from a substantially planar configuration when the slat is in a retracted position thereof and into a convexly curved configuration when the slat is in a deployed position thereof. 2. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a shape memory material which exhibits a spring-biasing property to allow the shield to assume the convexly curved configuration when the slat is in the deployed position yet return to the substantially planar configuration when the slat is moved into the retracted position thereof. 3. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 2, wherein the shield further comprises at least one guide element which is fixed to and extends outwardly from a terminal end of the shield. 4. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a sheet of shape-memory material to thereby induce convex curvature of the shield in response to application of an external stimulus when the slat is moved into the deployed condition thereof. 5. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 4, wherein the sheet of shape memory material is embedded in a layer of elastomeric material. 6. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a band of shape-memory material fixed to an inner surface of the shield to thereby induce convex curvature of the shield in response to application of an external stimulus when the slat is moved into the deployed condition thereof. 7. An aircraft which comprises the leading edge wing slat according to claim 1. | Noise-abatement for a leading edge wing slat is provided by a noise-abatement airflow shield integral with the lower trailing edge of the slat, wherein the shield is reciprocally autonomously curvable from a substantially planar configuration when the slat is in a retracted position thereof and into a convexly curved configuration when the slat is in a deployed position thereof.1. A leading edge wing slat having upper and lower surfaces with upper and lower trailing edges, respectively, and a noise-abatement airflow shield integral with the lower trailing edge of the slat, wherein the shield is reciprocally autonomously curvable from a substantially planar configuration when the slat is in a retracted position thereof and into a convexly curved configuration when the slat is in a deployed position thereof. 2. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a shape memory material which exhibits a spring-biasing property to allow the shield to assume the convexly curved configuration when the slat is in the deployed position yet return to the substantially planar configuration when the slat is moved into the retracted position thereof. 3. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 2, wherein the shield further comprises at least one guide element which is fixed to and extends outwardly from a terminal end of the shield. 4. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a sheet of shape-memory material to thereby induce convex curvature of the shield in response to application of an external stimulus when the slat is moved into the deployed condition thereof. 5. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 4, wherein the sheet of shape memory material is embedded in a layer of elastomeric material. 6. The leading edge wing slat according to claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a band of shape-memory material fixed to an inner surface of the shield to thereby induce convex curvature of the shield in response to application of an external stimulus when the slat is moved into the deployed condition thereof. 7. An aircraft which comprises the leading edge wing slat according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,230 | 16,643,120 | 1,634 | An earplug assembly includes a first earplug, a second earplug, and a cord including a first end, a second end, each earplug including a stem and a sound attenuating body. A method for preparing the earplug assembly includes attaching the first and second ends of the cord to the first and second earplugs, respectively, by contacting a hot tip to the proximal end of the stem of the earplug to form an attachment point, removing the hot tip, and contacting or inserting the end of the cord to the attachment point to thermally bond the end of the cord to the stem of the earplug. | 1. A method for preparing an earplug assembly, the earplug assembly comprising:
a first earplug, a second earplug, and a cord comprising a first end, a second end, and a length extending between the first and second ends, each earplug comprising: a stem having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end; and a sound attenuating body disposed at the distal end of the stem, the method comprising attaching the first and second ends of the cord to the first and second earplugs, respectively, by: inserting a hot tip to a depth into the proximal end of the stem of the earplug to form a cord cavity, the stem comprising a first material with a first melting temperature and the cord comprising a second material with a second melting temperature, and the hot tip having a temperature at or above the first and second melting temperatures;
removing the hot tip from the stem; and
inserting the first or second end of the cord into the cord cavity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inserting the first or second end of the cord into the cord cavity melts a portion of the end of the cord. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method forms a ball-and-socket attachment of the end of the cord in the cord cavity. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising holding the end of the cord in the cord cavity for about 0.5 to about 4 seconds. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the melting temperature of the second material is lower than the melting temperature of the first material by 50° C. or more. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material is selected from rigid thermoplastics having a flexural modulus of about 0.3 to about 12 GPa. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polycarbonate, or a mixture thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material is selected from flexible thermoplastics having a type A shore hardness of about 25 to about 90. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises thermoplastic polyolefins, thermoplastic elastomers, ethylene vinyl acetate, flexible polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polypropylene-based elastomers, or a mixture thereof. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot tip has a temperature of about 175 to about 425° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot tip is removed from the stem about 0.1 to about 2 seconds after inserting the hot tip. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot tip is inserted to a depth of about 2 to about 10 mm into the proximal end of the stem. 13. (canceled) 14. An earplug assembly comprising:
a first earplug and a second earplug, each earplug comprising: a stem comprising a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end; and a sound attenuating body disposed at the distal end of the stem; and a cord comprising a first end, a second end, and a length extending between the first and second ends, the first and second ends thermally bonded to and extending to a depth into the proximal ends of the stems of the first and second earplugs, the stem comprising a first material selected from polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polycarbonate, and mixtures thereof and the cord comprising a second material selected from thermoplastic polyolefins, thermoplastic elastomers, ethylene vinyl acetate, flexible polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polypropylene-based elastomers, and mixtures thereof. 15. The earplug assembly of claim 14, wherein the attachment of the cord to the stem is free of adhesives. 16. The earplug assembly of claim 14, wherein the first material comprises polypropylene, nylon, or a combination thereof. 17. The earplug assembly of claim 14, wherein the second material is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). 18. An earplug assembly comprising:
a first earplug and a second earplug, each earplug comprising: a stem comprising a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end; and a sound attenuating body disposed at the distal end of the stem; and a cord comprising a first end, a second end, and a length extending between the first and second ends, the first and second ends thermally bonded to and extending to a depth into the proximal ends of the stems of the first and second earplugs by thermal bonding, the stem comprising a first thermoplastic having a first melting temperature and the cord comprising a second thermoplastic having a second melting temperature that is lower than the first melting temperature by at least 30° C. 19. The earplug assembly of claim 18, wherein the attachment of the cord to the stem is free of adhesives. 20. The earplug assembly of claim 18, wherein the first material comprises polypropylene, nylon, or a combination thereof. 21. The earplug assembly of claim 18, wherein the second material is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). | An earplug assembly includes a first earplug, a second earplug, and a cord including a first end, a second end, each earplug including a stem and a sound attenuating body. A method for preparing the earplug assembly includes attaching the first and second ends of the cord to the first and second earplugs, respectively, by contacting a hot tip to the proximal end of the stem of the earplug to form an attachment point, removing the hot tip, and contacting or inserting the end of the cord to the attachment point to thermally bond the end of the cord to the stem of the earplug.1. A method for preparing an earplug assembly, the earplug assembly comprising:
a first earplug, a second earplug, and a cord comprising a first end, a second end, and a length extending between the first and second ends, each earplug comprising: a stem having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end; and a sound attenuating body disposed at the distal end of the stem, the method comprising attaching the first and second ends of the cord to the first and second earplugs, respectively, by: inserting a hot tip to a depth into the proximal end of the stem of the earplug to form a cord cavity, the stem comprising a first material with a first melting temperature and the cord comprising a second material with a second melting temperature, and the hot tip having a temperature at or above the first and second melting temperatures;
removing the hot tip from the stem; and
inserting the first or second end of the cord into the cord cavity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inserting the first or second end of the cord into the cord cavity melts a portion of the end of the cord. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method forms a ball-and-socket attachment of the end of the cord in the cord cavity. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising holding the end of the cord in the cord cavity for about 0.5 to about 4 seconds. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the melting temperature of the second material is lower than the melting temperature of the first material by 50° C. or more. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material is selected from rigid thermoplastics having a flexural modulus of about 0.3 to about 12 GPa. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polycarbonate, or a mixture thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material is selected from flexible thermoplastics having a type A shore hardness of about 25 to about 90. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises thermoplastic polyolefins, thermoplastic elastomers, ethylene vinyl acetate, flexible polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polypropylene-based elastomers, or a mixture thereof. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot tip has a temperature of about 175 to about 425° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot tip is removed from the stem about 0.1 to about 2 seconds after inserting the hot tip. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot tip is inserted to a depth of about 2 to about 10 mm into the proximal end of the stem. 13. (canceled) 14. An earplug assembly comprising:
a first earplug and a second earplug, each earplug comprising: a stem comprising a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end; and a sound attenuating body disposed at the distal end of the stem; and a cord comprising a first end, a second end, and a length extending between the first and second ends, the first and second ends thermally bonded to and extending to a depth into the proximal ends of the stems of the first and second earplugs, the stem comprising a first material selected from polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polycarbonate, and mixtures thereof and the cord comprising a second material selected from thermoplastic polyolefins, thermoplastic elastomers, ethylene vinyl acetate, flexible polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polypropylene-based elastomers, and mixtures thereof. 15. The earplug assembly of claim 14, wherein the attachment of the cord to the stem is free of adhesives. 16. The earplug assembly of claim 14, wherein the first material comprises polypropylene, nylon, or a combination thereof. 17. The earplug assembly of claim 14, wherein the second material is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). 18. An earplug assembly comprising:
a first earplug and a second earplug, each earplug comprising: a stem comprising a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end; and a sound attenuating body disposed at the distal end of the stem; and a cord comprising a first end, a second end, and a length extending between the first and second ends, the first and second ends thermally bonded to and extending to a depth into the proximal ends of the stems of the first and second earplugs by thermal bonding, the stem comprising a first thermoplastic having a first melting temperature and the cord comprising a second thermoplastic having a second melting temperature that is lower than the first melting temperature by at least 30° C. 19. The earplug assembly of claim 18, wherein the attachment of the cord to the stem is free of adhesives. 20. The earplug assembly of claim 18, wherein the first material comprises polypropylene, nylon, or a combination thereof. 21. The earplug assembly of claim 18, wherein the second material is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). | 1,600 |
345,231 | 16,643,125 | 1,634 | A flexible electronic foil (1, 1′, 1″) comprising a flexible substrate (2) and at least one electrically conducive portion (3) arranged to the substrate (2). The foil (1, 1′, 1″) comprises mechanical fastening means (6, 6′, 7) for mechanical fastening of the electronic foil (1, 1′, 1″), the mechanical fastening means being part of the substrate (2) of the electronic foil (1, 1′, 1″). | 1-22. (canceled) 23. A flexible electronic foil comprising a flexible substrate and at least one electrically conductive portion arranged to the substrate, the foil comprising mechanical fastening means for mechanical fastening of the electronic foil, wherein the mechanical fastening means are part of the substrate of the electronic foil and comprise at least one tab and/or at least one opening arranged through the substrate, the at least one tab and/or the at least one opening comprising edges by which the mechanical fastening takes place. 24. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the electronic foil comprises at least one joint area comprising the mechanical fastening means as well as at least one electrically conductive portion for electrically connecting the foil. 25. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 24, wherein the electronic foil comprises at least two joint areas wherein the mechanical fastening means in at least one joint area in the foil are arranged to be compatible with the mechanical fastening means in at least one other joint area in the same foil for being able to receive the mechanical fastening means in at least one other joint area. 26. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fastening means are integral parts of the substrate and formed thereof. 27. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fastening means are formed of the substrate by cutting the substrate material. 28. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fastening means comprise at least one tab and at least one opening arranged through the substrate, the opening being compatible with the tab. 29. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 24, wherein orientation of at least one fastening means in the joint area is different from orientation of at least one other fastening means in the joint area. 30. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 25, wherein orientation of at least one fastening means in the joint area is different from orientation of at least one other fastening means in the joint area. 31. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the at least one electrically conductive portion arranged to the substrate is an electrically conductive conductor arranged to the substrate. 32. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the at least one electrically conductive portion is arranged to extend up to a joint area comprising the mechanical fastening means in the foil. 33. An electronic device comprising at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23. 34. A joining arrangement comprising at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the at least one tab in the electronic foil is inserted into the at least one opening in the same electronic foil providing the mechanical fastening taking place between the at least one edge of the tab and the at least one edge of the opening, whereby the at least one tab snaps into the at least one opening and the electronic foil is arranged to provide a three-dimensional structure. 35. A joining arrangement comprising at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the mechanical fastening means in the electronic foil are fastened to an object providing a counterpart for the electronic foil, and wherein at least one tab is inserted into at least one opening providing the mechanical fastening taking place between at least one edge of the tab and at least one edge of the opening, whereby the at least one tab snaps into the at least one opening. 36. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 34, wherein at least one electrically conductive portion in the electronic foil is connected electrically to another electrically conductive portion in the same foil. 37. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 35, wherein at least one electrically conductive portion in the electronic foil is connected electrically to another electrically conductive portion in an object providing a counterpart for the electronic foil. 38. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 35, wherein the joining arrangement comprises a joining part intended for joining the electronic foil and the object providing the counterpart for the electronic foil to each other, the joining part comprising fastening means compatible to the fastening means in the electronic foil and the counterpart object, the joining part at least partly overlapping the joint area in the electronic foil and the counterpart object, the joining part providing both the mechanical connection and the electrical connection between the electronic foil and the counterpart object. 39. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 37, wherein the object intended to provide the counterpart for the electronic foil is another electronic foil comprising a flexible substrate and at least one electrically conductive portion arranged to the substrate, the foil comprising mechanical fastening means for mechanical fastening of the electronic foil, wherein the mechanical fastening means are part of the substrate of the electronic foil and comprise at least one tab and/or at least one opening arranged through the substrate, the at least one tab and/or the at least one opening comprising edges by which the mechanical fastening takes place 40. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 34, wherein there is arranged anisotropic adhesive material between the electrically conductive conductors positioned opposite to each other so as to ensure an electrical connection between the oppositely positioned conductive conductors. 41. A method for joining at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the mechanical fastening means in the electronic foil are fastened to another mechanical fastening means in the same electronic foil, whereby the electronic foil provides a three-dimensional structure. 42. A method for joining at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the mechanical fastening means in the electronic foil are fastened to an object providing a counterpart for the electronic foil. | A flexible electronic foil (1, 1′, 1″) comprising a flexible substrate (2) and at least one electrically conducive portion (3) arranged to the substrate (2). The foil (1, 1′, 1″) comprises mechanical fastening means (6, 6′, 7) for mechanical fastening of the electronic foil (1, 1′, 1″), the mechanical fastening means being part of the substrate (2) of the electronic foil (1, 1′, 1″).1-22. (canceled) 23. A flexible electronic foil comprising a flexible substrate and at least one electrically conductive portion arranged to the substrate, the foil comprising mechanical fastening means for mechanical fastening of the electronic foil, wherein the mechanical fastening means are part of the substrate of the electronic foil and comprise at least one tab and/or at least one opening arranged through the substrate, the at least one tab and/or the at least one opening comprising edges by which the mechanical fastening takes place. 24. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the electronic foil comprises at least one joint area comprising the mechanical fastening means as well as at least one electrically conductive portion for electrically connecting the foil. 25. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 24, wherein the electronic foil comprises at least two joint areas wherein the mechanical fastening means in at least one joint area in the foil are arranged to be compatible with the mechanical fastening means in at least one other joint area in the same foil for being able to receive the mechanical fastening means in at least one other joint area. 26. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fastening means are integral parts of the substrate and formed thereof. 27. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fastening means are formed of the substrate by cutting the substrate material. 28. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the fastening means comprise at least one tab and at least one opening arranged through the substrate, the opening being compatible with the tab. 29. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 24, wherein orientation of at least one fastening means in the joint area is different from orientation of at least one other fastening means in the joint area. 30. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 25, wherein orientation of at least one fastening means in the joint area is different from orientation of at least one other fastening means in the joint area. 31. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the at least one electrically conductive portion arranged to the substrate is an electrically conductive conductor arranged to the substrate. 32. An electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the at least one electrically conductive portion is arranged to extend up to a joint area comprising the mechanical fastening means in the foil. 33. An electronic device comprising at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23. 34. A joining arrangement comprising at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the at least one tab in the electronic foil is inserted into the at least one opening in the same electronic foil providing the mechanical fastening taking place between the at least one edge of the tab and the at least one edge of the opening, whereby the at least one tab snaps into the at least one opening and the electronic foil is arranged to provide a three-dimensional structure. 35. A joining arrangement comprising at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the mechanical fastening means in the electronic foil are fastened to an object providing a counterpart for the electronic foil, and wherein at least one tab is inserted into at least one opening providing the mechanical fastening taking place between at least one edge of the tab and at least one edge of the opening, whereby the at least one tab snaps into the at least one opening. 36. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 34, wherein at least one electrically conductive portion in the electronic foil is connected electrically to another electrically conductive portion in the same foil. 37. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 35, wherein at least one electrically conductive portion in the electronic foil is connected electrically to another electrically conductive portion in an object providing a counterpart for the electronic foil. 38. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 35, wherein the joining arrangement comprises a joining part intended for joining the electronic foil and the object providing the counterpart for the electronic foil to each other, the joining part comprising fastening means compatible to the fastening means in the electronic foil and the counterpart object, the joining part at least partly overlapping the joint area in the electronic foil and the counterpart object, the joining part providing both the mechanical connection and the electrical connection between the electronic foil and the counterpart object. 39. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 37, wherein the object intended to provide the counterpart for the electronic foil is another electronic foil comprising a flexible substrate and at least one electrically conductive portion arranged to the substrate, the foil comprising mechanical fastening means for mechanical fastening of the electronic foil, wherein the mechanical fastening means are part of the substrate of the electronic foil and comprise at least one tab and/or at least one opening arranged through the substrate, the at least one tab and/or the at least one opening comprising edges by which the mechanical fastening takes place 40. A joining arrangement as claimed in claim 34, wherein there is arranged anisotropic adhesive material between the electrically conductive conductors positioned opposite to each other so as to ensure an electrical connection between the oppositely positioned conductive conductors. 41. A method for joining at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the mechanical fastening means in the electronic foil are fastened to another mechanical fastening means in the same electronic foil, whereby the electronic foil provides a three-dimensional structure. 42. A method for joining at least one electronic foil as claimed in claim 23, wherein the mechanical fastening means in the electronic foil are fastened to an object providing a counterpart for the electronic foil. | 1,600 |
345,232 | 16,643,143 | 1,634 | A ceramic joined body includes a first aluminum oxide-based sintered body, a second aluminum oxide-based sintered body, an aluminum oxide-based joint layer located between the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body, and an aluminum oxide-based protrusion connected to the aluminum oxide-based joint layer, where the average diameter for closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based projection is 0.8 times or more and 1.5 times or less as large as the average diameter for closed pores for each of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. | 1. A ceramic joined body comprising a first aluminum oxide-based sintered body, a second aluminum oxide-based sintered body, an aluminum oxide-based joint layer located between the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body, and an aluminum oxide-based protrusion connected to the aluminum oxide-based joint layer,
wherein an average diameter for closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based projection is 0.8 times or more and 1.5 times or less as large as an average diameter for closed pores for each of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. 2. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, wherein the average diameter for the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is smaller than the average diameter for the closed pores for each of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. 3. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, the ceramic joined body comprising a region where an absolute value of skewness Sk of a distance between centroids of the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is smaller than an absolute value of skewness Sk of a distance between centroids for each of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. 4. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, wherein a value obtained by subtracting the average diameter for the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion from an average value for the distances between the centroids of the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is 0.4 times or more as large as a value obtained by subtracting the average diameter for the closed pores of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body from an average value for the distances between the centroids of the closed pores of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body, and 0.4 times or more as large as a value obtained by subtracting the average diameter for the closed pores of the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body from an average value for the distances between the centroids of the closed pores of the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. 5. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, wherein skewness Sk of an equivalent circle diameter for the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is larger than the skewness Sk of the distance between the centroids of the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion. 6. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, wherein an average value for circularity of the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is 0.78 or more. 7. A method for manufacturing a ceramic joined body, the method comprising the steps of:
preparing a first molded body containing a powder mainly containing an aluminum oxide, and a resin, and a second molded body containing a powder mainly containing an aluminum oxide, and a resin; preparing a paste containing a powder mainly containing an aluminum oxide, a cellulose-based polysaccharide, and a solvent; providing the paste on a surface of either the first molded body or the second molded body; providing a composite molded body by combining the first molded body and the second molded body such that the paste protrudes from a joint region between the first molded body and the second molded body; and sintering the composite molded body. | A ceramic joined body includes a first aluminum oxide-based sintered body, a second aluminum oxide-based sintered body, an aluminum oxide-based joint layer located between the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body, and an aluminum oxide-based protrusion connected to the aluminum oxide-based joint layer, where the average diameter for closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based projection is 0.8 times or more and 1.5 times or less as large as the average diameter for closed pores for each of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body.1. A ceramic joined body comprising a first aluminum oxide-based sintered body, a second aluminum oxide-based sintered body, an aluminum oxide-based joint layer located between the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body, and an aluminum oxide-based protrusion connected to the aluminum oxide-based joint layer,
wherein an average diameter for closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based projection is 0.8 times or more and 1.5 times or less as large as an average diameter for closed pores for each of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. 2. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, wherein the average diameter for the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is smaller than the average diameter for the closed pores for each of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. 3. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, the ceramic joined body comprising a region where an absolute value of skewness Sk of a distance between centroids of the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is smaller than an absolute value of skewness Sk of a distance between centroids for each of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body and the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. 4. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, wherein a value obtained by subtracting the average diameter for the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion from an average value for the distances between the centroids of the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is 0.4 times or more as large as a value obtained by subtracting the average diameter for the closed pores of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body from an average value for the distances between the centroids of the closed pores of the first aluminum oxide-based sintered body, and 0.4 times or more as large as a value obtained by subtracting the average diameter for the closed pores of the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body from an average value for the distances between the centroids of the closed pores of the second aluminum oxide-based sintered body. 5. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, wherein skewness Sk of an equivalent circle diameter for the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is larger than the skewness Sk of the distance between the centroids of the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion. 6. The ceramic joined body according to claim 1, wherein an average value for circularity of the closed pores of the aluminum oxide-based protrusion is 0.78 or more. 7. A method for manufacturing a ceramic joined body, the method comprising the steps of:
preparing a first molded body containing a powder mainly containing an aluminum oxide, and a resin, and a second molded body containing a powder mainly containing an aluminum oxide, and a resin; preparing a paste containing a powder mainly containing an aluminum oxide, a cellulose-based polysaccharide, and a solvent; providing the paste on a surface of either the first molded body or the second molded body; providing a composite molded body by combining the first molded body and the second molded body such that the paste protrudes from a joint region between the first molded body and the second molded body; and sintering the composite molded body. | 1,600 |
345,233 | 16,643,119 | 1,634 | A measuring tape device may include a housing having an aperture, a reel assembly, a blade having a first end configured to extend from the housing through the aperture and a second end configured to be wound on the reel assembly, and an end hook disposed at the first end of the blade. The end hook may have a front face that faces away from the aperture and a rear face that faces toward the aperture. A high friction surface including grains may be disposed over at least a portion of a surface of the rear face. | 1. A measuring tape device comprising:
a housing having an aperture; a reel assembly; a blade having a first end configured to extend from the housing through the aperture and a second end configured to be wound on the reel assembly; and an end hook disposed at the first end of the blade, the end hook having a front face that faces away from the aperture and a rear face that faces toward the aperture, wherein a high friction surface comprising grains is disposed over at least a portion of a surface of the rear face. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the high friction surface is disposed of substantially all of the surface of the rear face. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the high friction surface is disposed on the rear face such that edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding edges of the rear face. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein bottom and side edges of the high friction surface and corresponding bottom and side edges of the rear face are substantially equidistantly spaced apart. 5. The device of claim 3, wherein bottom edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding bottom edges of the rear face by a different amount that side edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding side edges of the rear face. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein a surface area of the high friction surface is greater than ½ a surface area of the rear face. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein at least a bottom edge of the high friction surface is coextensive with a bottom edge of the rear face. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the grains have substantially uniform or different sizes. 9. (canceled) 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the grains are embedded in a base material disposed on the rear face. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the base material is an adhesive. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the grains are covered with a resin coating. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the grains are abrasive grains comprising silica, diamond dust, aluminum oxide, cubic zirconium, black zirconium, or garnet. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the grains comprise resin or plastic grains that are compressible. 15. An end hook for a measuring tape device, the end hook comprising:
a front face that faces away from an aperture through which a blade of the measuring tape device is extendible; a rear face that faces toward the aperture; and a high friction surface comprising grains disposed over at least a portion of a surface of the rear face. 16. The end hook of claim 15, wherein the high friction surface is disposed of substantially all of the surface of the rear face, or
wherein the high friction surface is disposed on the rear face such that edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding edges of the rear face. 17. (canceled) 18. The end hook of claim 17, wherein bottom and side edges of the high friction surface and corresponding bottom and side edges of the rear face are substantially equidistantly spaced apart, or
wherein bottom edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding bottom edges of the rear face by a different amount that side edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding side edges of the rear face. 19-21. (canceled) 22. The end hook of claim 15, wherein the grains have substantially uniform or different sizes, and
wherein the grains are abrasive grains comprising silica, diamond dust, aluminum oxide, cubic zirconium, black zirconium, or garnet. 23. (canceled) 24. The end hook of claim 15, wherein the grains are embedded in a base material disposed on the rear face,
wherein the base material is an adhesive, wherein the grains are covered with a resin coating, and wherein the grains comprise resin or plastic grains that are compressible. 25-28. (canceled) 29. A high friction surface for disposal on an end hook of a measuring tape device, the high friction surface comprising:
a base material; grains embedded in one side of the base material; and an adhesive disposed on a side of the base material opposite the side on which the grains are embedded. 30. The high friction surface of claim 29, wherein the grains have substantially uniform or different sizes,
wherein the grains are abrasive grains comprising silica, diamond dust, aluminum oxide, cubic zirconium, black zirconium, or garnet, and wherein the high friction surface is releasably held on a roll with a plurality of other high friction surfaces that are removable from the roll to be disposed on the end hook via the adhesive. 31-33. (canceled) | A measuring tape device may include a housing having an aperture, a reel assembly, a blade having a first end configured to extend from the housing through the aperture and a second end configured to be wound on the reel assembly, and an end hook disposed at the first end of the blade. The end hook may have a front face that faces away from the aperture and a rear face that faces toward the aperture. A high friction surface including grains may be disposed over at least a portion of a surface of the rear face.1. A measuring tape device comprising:
a housing having an aperture; a reel assembly; a blade having a first end configured to extend from the housing through the aperture and a second end configured to be wound on the reel assembly; and an end hook disposed at the first end of the blade, the end hook having a front face that faces away from the aperture and a rear face that faces toward the aperture, wherein a high friction surface comprising grains is disposed over at least a portion of a surface of the rear face. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the high friction surface is disposed of substantially all of the surface of the rear face. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the high friction surface is disposed on the rear face such that edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding edges of the rear face. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein bottom and side edges of the high friction surface and corresponding bottom and side edges of the rear face are substantially equidistantly spaced apart. 5. The device of claim 3, wherein bottom edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding bottom edges of the rear face by a different amount that side edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding side edges of the rear face. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein a surface area of the high friction surface is greater than ½ a surface area of the rear face. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein at least a bottom edge of the high friction surface is coextensive with a bottom edge of the rear face. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the grains have substantially uniform or different sizes. 9. (canceled) 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the grains are embedded in a base material disposed on the rear face. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the base material is an adhesive. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the grains are covered with a resin coating. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the grains are abrasive grains comprising silica, diamond dust, aluminum oxide, cubic zirconium, black zirconium, or garnet. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the grains comprise resin or plastic grains that are compressible. 15. An end hook for a measuring tape device, the end hook comprising:
a front face that faces away from an aperture through which a blade of the measuring tape device is extendible; a rear face that faces toward the aperture; and a high friction surface comprising grains disposed over at least a portion of a surface of the rear face. 16. The end hook of claim 15, wherein the high friction surface is disposed of substantially all of the surface of the rear face, or
wherein the high friction surface is disposed on the rear face such that edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding edges of the rear face. 17. (canceled) 18. The end hook of claim 17, wherein bottom and side edges of the high friction surface and corresponding bottom and side edges of the rear face are substantially equidistantly spaced apart, or
wherein bottom edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding bottom edges of the rear face by a different amount that side edges of the high friction surface are spaced apart from corresponding side edges of the rear face. 19-21. (canceled) 22. The end hook of claim 15, wherein the grains have substantially uniform or different sizes, and
wherein the grains are abrasive grains comprising silica, diamond dust, aluminum oxide, cubic zirconium, black zirconium, or garnet. 23. (canceled) 24. The end hook of claim 15, wherein the grains are embedded in a base material disposed on the rear face,
wherein the base material is an adhesive, wherein the grains are covered with a resin coating, and wherein the grains comprise resin or plastic grains that are compressible. 25-28. (canceled) 29. A high friction surface for disposal on an end hook of a measuring tape device, the high friction surface comprising:
a base material; grains embedded in one side of the base material; and an adhesive disposed on a side of the base material opposite the side on which the grains are embedded. 30. The high friction surface of claim 29, wherein the grains have substantially uniform or different sizes,
wherein the grains are abrasive grains comprising silica, diamond dust, aluminum oxide, cubic zirconium, black zirconium, or garnet, and wherein the high friction surface is releasably held on a roll with a plurality of other high friction surfaces that are removable from the roll to be disposed on the end hook via the adhesive. 31-33. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,234 | 16,643,132 | 1,634 | Devices suitable for use in an advanced oxidation method for organic and inorganic pollutants deploying OH* radicals and ozone is disclosed. Optionally, a first discharge device, providing OH* radicals and second discharge device providing ozone, are combined to provide desirable chemical and biocidal characteristics. Further, efficient mixing systems for transferring the radicals to the target fluid are disclosed. | 1. An advanced oxidation assembly for generating free radicals comprising:
a first discharge device; a second discharge device; and a convergent-divergent nozzle assembly comprising a convergent nozzle that is fluidly coupled to a divergent nozzle at a throat, wherein a reactor exit of the first discharge device and a reactor exit of the second discharge device are fluidly coupled to the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly at the throat of the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly, and wherein the assembly is configured such that when fluid passes from the convergent nozzle to the divergent nozzle a suction pressure is created at the throat of the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly that draws fluid from the reactor exit of the first discharge device and the reactor exit of the second discharge device. 2. An advanced oxidation assembly for generating free radicals comprising:
a first discharge device; a second discharge device; and a mixing system for mixing free radicals generated by the first discharge device and free radicals generated by the second discharge device, the mixing system comprising:
a motor;
a hollow shaft including a shaft channel;
a coupling including one or more suction ports and a coupling channel; and
a turbine including a suction chamber that is fluidly coupled with a plurality of side channels, wherein
the motor rotates the turbine to create an area of low pressure in the suction chamber such that a fluid containing free radicals is drawn from a reactor exit of the first discharge device and a reactor exit of the second discharge device through the one or more suction ports, the coupling channel, the shaft channel, and into the suction chamber where the fluid is dispersed in a liquid. 3. An advanced oxidation assembly for generating free radicals comprising:
a recirculation system comprising:
an inlet;
a diffuser;
a turbo fan;
a condenser; and
an outlet, and
a first discharge device including a reactor exit, wherein the turbo fan draws a fluid through the inlet and causes the fluid to flow through the recirculation system to the outlet, the first discharge device is positioned in the recirculation system, downstream of the condenser and upstream of the outlet, such that fluid flows through the first discharge device and out the outlet. 4. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 3, further comprising a second discharge device. 5. The advanced oxidation assembly of any one of claims 1-4 wherein the first discharge device comprises:
a reactor inlet;
a discharge electrode assembly including one or more pins; and
a counter electrode separated from the discharge electrode assembly by a discharge gap, wherein
a voltage is applied across the discharge gap. 6. The advanced oxidation assembly of any one of claim 1, 2, or 4 wherein the first discharge device and the second discharge device are configured to produce ozone or a hydroxyl radical, optionally the first discharge device is configured to produce ozone and the second discharge device is configured to produce a hydroxyl radical. 7. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5, wherein the voltage is 5 eV. 8. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5, wherein the voltage is 7 eV. 9. The advanced oxidation assembly of any one of claim 1, 2, or 4, wherein the second discharge device comprises:
a reactor inlet; a discharge electrode assembly including one or more pins; and a counter electrode separated from the discharge electrode assembly by a discharge gap, wherein a voltage is applied across the discharge gap. 10. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5 wherein the one or more pins each comprise a tip with four points. 11. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5, wherein a radial distance between each of the pins is equal. 12. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5, wherein an axial distance between each of the pins is equal. 13. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein:
the one or more pins of the first discharge electrode assembly and the one or more pins of the second discharge electrode assembly extend outwardly from one or more discs and each of the one or more pins end in a tip with 4 points, wherein the tip generates four streamers when the voltage is applied across the discharge gap. 14. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 12, wherein the counter electrode is cylindrical. 15. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 13, wherein the one or more pins are substantially uniformly distributed along a circumference of the one or more discs, such that a distance between the streamers emitted from the one or more pins is substantially uniform. 16. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 13, wherein the voltage across the discharge gap is generated by a current pulse applied to the discharge electrode assembly and a time required for the streamers to cross the discharge gap is equal to a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the current pulse. 17. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein the first discharge device further comprises a humidity controlling device, the humidity controlling device comprising:
a heating element; a regenerative desiccant wheel rotatively coupled to a motor by a shaft; an air inlet; and a recovery air inlet, wherein air passes through the air inlet, through the regenerative desiccant wheel, and into the discharge gap of the first discharge device; the heating element heats recovery air that enters through the recovery air inlet and the recovery air removes moisture from the regenerative desiccant wheel, and the motor turns the regenerative desiccant wheel at an adjustable speed to control an amount of moisture in the air that enters discharge gap. 18. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the heating element is disposed between the regenerative desiccant wheel and the discharge gap. 19. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the heating element is disposed on an opposite side of the regenerative desiccant wheel as the air inlet. 20. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the regenerative desiccant wheel comprises a packed bed of a moisture absorbing material. 21. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 20, wherein the moisture absorbing material is silica gel. 22. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the regenerative desiccant wheel comprises molecular sieves. 23. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the regenerative desiccant wheel comprises a woven scaffold coated with a moisture absorbing material. 24. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein one or more of air flow through the air inlet and the recovery air inlet, a thickness of the regenerative desiccant wheel, and a temperature of the heating element are adjustable to control a level of moisture in the air that passes through the recovery air inlet and the air inlet to the discharge gap. 25. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein a dew point of the air entering the discharge gap is between −60 and 25 degrees Celsius. 26. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein a dew point of the air entering the discharge gap is between −4 and 4 degrees Celsius. 27. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the regenerative desiccant wheel is rotated continuously. 28. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the heating element covers a heated portion of the regenerative desiccant wheel and a surface area of heated portion of the regenerative desiccant wheel is smaller in relation to a surface area of the regenerative desiccant wheel. 29. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 28, wherein a ratio of the surface area of the heated portion to the surface area of the regenerative desiccant wheel is between 1:9 and 1:2. 30. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 28, wherein a ratio of the surface area of the heated portion to the surface area of the regenerative desiccant wheel is between 1:4 and 1:3. 31. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein the second discharge device further comprises a humidity controlling device, the humidity controlling device comprising:
a nozzle assembly comprising a water inlet that is fluidly coupled to a steam nozzle, and a nozzle heating coil; an air inlet assembly comprising an air inlet and an air heating coil inside an air inlet channel, wherein air passes through the air inlet and is heated by the air heating coil, water is injected into the water inlet and the water is heated in the nozzle, which is heated by the nozzle heating coil, steam is ejected from the steam nozzle to the air inlet channel forming a steam-air mixture in the air inlet channel, and the air causes the steam-air ix to enter the discharge gap through the reactor inlet. 32. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 31, wherein the steam injected into the air inlet channel from the steam nozzle is superheated steam. 33, The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein the first discharge device operates in an ozone generation mode and the second discharge device operates in a OH* generation mode. 34. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein the fluid that flows through the first discharge device and the second discharge device is air and the fluid that enters the convergent nozzle of the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly is water. 35. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 34, wherein a flow rate of air through the first discharge device is controlled based on a ratio between a volumetric flow rate of air through the first discharge device and a volumetric flow rate of water through the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly. 36. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 35, wherein the ratio between the volumetric flow rate of air through the first discharge device and the volumetric flow rate of water through the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly is between 1:20 and 1:2. 37. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 34, wherein a flow rate of air through the second discharge device is controlled based on a ratio between a volumetric flow rate of air through the second discharge device and a volumetric flow rate of water through the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly. 38. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 37, wherein the ratio between the volumetric flow rate of air through the second discharge device and the volumetric flow rate of water through the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly is between 1:20 and 1:2. | Devices suitable for use in an advanced oxidation method for organic and inorganic pollutants deploying OH* radicals and ozone is disclosed. Optionally, a first discharge device, providing OH* radicals and second discharge device providing ozone, are combined to provide desirable chemical and biocidal characteristics. Further, efficient mixing systems for transferring the radicals to the target fluid are disclosed.1. An advanced oxidation assembly for generating free radicals comprising:
a first discharge device; a second discharge device; and a convergent-divergent nozzle assembly comprising a convergent nozzle that is fluidly coupled to a divergent nozzle at a throat, wherein a reactor exit of the first discharge device and a reactor exit of the second discharge device are fluidly coupled to the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly at the throat of the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly, and wherein the assembly is configured such that when fluid passes from the convergent nozzle to the divergent nozzle a suction pressure is created at the throat of the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly that draws fluid from the reactor exit of the first discharge device and the reactor exit of the second discharge device. 2. An advanced oxidation assembly for generating free radicals comprising:
a first discharge device; a second discharge device; and a mixing system for mixing free radicals generated by the first discharge device and free radicals generated by the second discharge device, the mixing system comprising:
a motor;
a hollow shaft including a shaft channel;
a coupling including one or more suction ports and a coupling channel; and
a turbine including a suction chamber that is fluidly coupled with a plurality of side channels, wherein
the motor rotates the turbine to create an area of low pressure in the suction chamber such that a fluid containing free radicals is drawn from a reactor exit of the first discharge device and a reactor exit of the second discharge device through the one or more suction ports, the coupling channel, the shaft channel, and into the suction chamber where the fluid is dispersed in a liquid. 3. An advanced oxidation assembly for generating free radicals comprising:
a recirculation system comprising:
an inlet;
a diffuser;
a turbo fan;
a condenser; and
an outlet, and
a first discharge device including a reactor exit, wherein the turbo fan draws a fluid through the inlet and causes the fluid to flow through the recirculation system to the outlet, the first discharge device is positioned in the recirculation system, downstream of the condenser and upstream of the outlet, such that fluid flows through the first discharge device and out the outlet. 4. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 3, further comprising a second discharge device. 5. The advanced oxidation assembly of any one of claims 1-4 wherein the first discharge device comprises:
a reactor inlet;
a discharge electrode assembly including one or more pins; and
a counter electrode separated from the discharge electrode assembly by a discharge gap, wherein
a voltage is applied across the discharge gap. 6. The advanced oxidation assembly of any one of claim 1, 2, or 4 wherein the first discharge device and the second discharge device are configured to produce ozone or a hydroxyl radical, optionally the first discharge device is configured to produce ozone and the second discharge device is configured to produce a hydroxyl radical. 7. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5, wherein the voltage is 5 eV. 8. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5, wherein the voltage is 7 eV. 9. The advanced oxidation assembly of any one of claim 1, 2, or 4, wherein the second discharge device comprises:
a reactor inlet; a discharge electrode assembly including one or more pins; and a counter electrode separated from the discharge electrode assembly by a discharge gap, wherein a voltage is applied across the discharge gap. 10. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5 wherein the one or more pins each comprise a tip with four points. 11. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5, wherein a radial distance between each of the pins is equal. 12. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 5, wherein an axial distance between each of the pins is equal. 13. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein:
the one or more pins of the first discharge electrode assembly and the one or more pins of the second discharge electrode assembly extend outwardly from one or more discs and each of the one or more pins end in a tip with 4 points, wherein the tip generates four streamers when the voltage is applied across the discharge gap. 14. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 12, wherein the counter electrode is cylindrical. 15. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 13, wherein the one or more pins are substantially uniformly distributed along a circumference of the one or more discs, such that a distance between the streamers emitted from the one or more pins is substantially uniform. 16. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 13, wherein the voltage across the discharge gap is generated by a current pulse applied to the discharge electrode assembly and a time required for the streamers to cross the discharge gap is equal to a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the current pulse. 17. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein the first discharge device further comprises a humidity controlling device, the humidity controlling device comprising:
a heating element; a regenerative desiccant wheel rotatively coupled to a motor by a shaft; an air inlet; and a recovery air inlet, wherein air passes through the air inlet, through the regenerative desiccant wheel, and into the discharge gap of the first discharge device; the heating element heats recovery air that enters through the recovery air inlet and the recovery air removes moisture from the regenerative desiccant wheel, and the motor turns the regenerative desiccant wheel at an adjustable speed to control an amount of moisture in the air that enters discharge gap. 18. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the heating element is disposed between the regenerative desiccant wheel and the discharge gap. 19. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the heating element is disposed on an opposite side of the regenerative desiccant wheel as the air inlet. 20. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the regenerative desiccant wheel comprises a packed bed of a moisture absorbing material. 21. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 20, wherein the moisture absorbing material is silica gel. 22. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the regenerative desiccant wheel comprises molecular sieves. 23. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the regenerative desiccant wheel comprises a woven scaffold coated with a moisture absorbing material. 24. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein one or more of air flow through the air inlet and the recovery air inlet, a thickness of the regenerative desiccant wheel, and a temperature of the heating element are adjustable to control a level of moisture in the air that passes through the recovery air inlet and the air inlet to the discharge gap. 25. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein a dew point of the air entering the discharge gap is between −60 and 25 degrees Celsius. 26. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein a dew point of the air entering the discharge gap is between −4 and 4 degrees Celsius. 27. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the regenerative desiccant wheel is rotated continuously. 28. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 17, wherein the heating element covers a heated portion of the regenerative desiccant wheel and a surface area of heated portion of the regenerative desiccant wheel is smaller in relation to a surface area of the regenerative desiccant wheel. 29. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 28, wherein a ratio of the surface area of the heated portion to the surface area of the regenerative desiccant wheel is between 1:9 and 1:2. 30. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 28, wherein a ratio of the surface area of the heated portion to the surface area of the regenerative desiccant wheel is between 1:4 and 1:3. 31. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein the second discharge device further comprises a humidity controlling device, the humidity controlling device comprising:
a nozzle assembly comprising a water inlet that is fluidly coupled to a steam nozzle, and a nozzle heating coil; an air inlet assembly comprising an air inlet and an air heating coil inside an air inlet channel, wherein air passes through the air inlet and is heated by the air heating coil, water is injected into the water inlet and the water is heated in the nozzle, which is heated by the nozzle heating coil, steam is ejected from the steam nozzle to the air inlet channel forming a steam-air mixture in the air inlet channel, and the air causes the steam-air ix to enter the discharge gap through the reactor inlet. 32. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 31, wherein the steam injected into the air inlet channel from the steam nozzle is superheated steam. 33, The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein the first discharge device operates in an ozone generation mode and the second discharge device operates in a OH* generation mode. 34. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 9, wherein the fluid that flows through the first discharge device and the second discharge device is air and the fluid that enters the convergent nozzle of the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly is water. 35. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 34, wherein a flow rate of air through the first discharge device is controlled based on a ratio between a volumetric flow rate of air through the first discharge device and a volumetric flow rate of water through the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly. 36. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 35, wherein the ratio between the volumetric flow rate of air through the first discharge device and the volumetric flow rate of water through the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly is between 1:20 and 1:2. 37. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 34, wherein a flow rate of air through the second discharge device is controlled based on a ratio between a volumetric flow rate of air through the second discharge device and a volumetric flow rate of water through the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly. 38. The advanced oxidation assembly of claim 37, wherein the ratio between the volumetric flow rate of air through the second discharge device and the volumetric flow rate of water through the convergent-divergent nozzle assembly is between 1:20 and 1:2. | 1,600 |
345,235 | 16,643,137 | 1,634 | Systems and methods for camera control within surgical robotic systems are provided. One system includes a computing device, multiple robot assemblies, and a surgeon console. Each robot assembly among the multiple robot assemblies includes a robotic arm. A robotic arm of a first robot assembly is coupled to an image capture device. Robotic arms of at least a subset of robot assemblies, different from the first robot assembly, are coupled to surgical instruments. The surgeon console includes multiple handles, each communicatively coupled to a robot assembly coupled to a surgical instrument. The surgeon console is configured to transmit to the computing device one or more packets that include data related to a movement of at least one handle. The computing device configured to calculate a new position of the image capture device and transmit instructions to the first robot assembly to move the image capture device to the new position. | 1. A surgical robotic system, comprising:
a computing device; a plurality of robot assemblies, each robot assembly among the plurality of robot assemblies including a robotic arm, a robotic arm of a first robot assembly among the plurality of robot assemblies is coupled to an image capture device, robotic arms of at least a subset of robot assemblies, different from the first robot assembly, are coupled to surgical instruments; and a surgeon console including a plurality of handles, each handle among the plurality of handles is communicatively coupled to a robot assembly that includes a robotic arm coupled to a surgical instrument, the surgeon console configured to transmit to the computing device one or more packets that include data related to a movement of at least one handle among the plurality of handles; the computing device configured to calculate a new position of the image capture device based at least in part on the data related to the movement of at least one handle and transmit instructions to the first robot assembly to move the image capture device to the new position. 2. The surgical robotic system of claim 1, wherein the data related to the movement of at least one handle includes data related to a distance the at least one handle traveled and the new position of the image capture device is calculated based at least in part on the data related to the distance the at least one handle traveled. 3. The surgical robotic system of claim 2, wherein the new position of the image capture device is calculated based at least in part on the data related to the distance the at least one handle traveled and a scaling factor applied to the distance the at least one handle traveled. 4. The surgical robotic system of claim 3, wherein the scaling factor applied to the distance is among a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor among the plurality of scaling factors is associated with a direction of movement. 5. The surgical robotic system of claim 4, wherein the computing device is further configured to select the scaling factor based at least on a direction the at least one handle traveled. 6. The surgical robotic system of claim 1, wherein the data related to the movement of at least one handle includes data related to a direction the at least one handle traveled and the new position of the image capture device is calculated based at least in part on the data related to the direction the at least one handle traveled. 7. The surgical robotic system of claim 6, wherein a direction of the new position of the image capture device relative to a current position of the image capture device is in the same direction as the direction the at least one handle traveled. 8. The surgical robotic system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further configured to calculate the new position of the image capture device in response to a determination that a velocity of the movement of the at least one handle is greater than a movement threshold value. 9. The surgical robotic system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further configured to calculate the new position of the image capture device in response to a determination that a velocity of the movement of the at least one handle is less than a sharp movement threshold value. 10. The surgical robotic system of claim 9, wherein the computing device is further configured to determine if the velocity of the movement of the at least one handle is less than a sharp movement threshold value using a Kalman filter. 11. The surgical robotic system of claim 9, wherein the computing device is further configured to determine if the velocity of the movement of the at least one handle is less than a sharp movement threshold value using a low pass filter. 12. A surgical robotic system, comprising:
a computing device; a plurality of robot assemblies, each robot assembly among the plurality of robot assemblies includes a robotic arm, a robotic arm of a first robot assembly among the plurality of robot assemblies is coupled to an image capture device, and robotic arms of at least a subset of robot assemblies, different from the first robot assembly, are coupled to surgical instruments; the at least a subset of robot assemblies with the robotic arms coupled to the surgical instruments configured to transmit kinematic data of the robotic arms coupled to the surgical instruments to the computing device; and the computing device configured to calculate a new position of the image capture device based at least in part on the kinematic data of the robotic arms coupled to the surgical instruments and transmit instructions to the first robot assembly to move the image capture device to the new position. 13-40. (canceled) | Systems and methods for camera control within surgical robotic systems are provided. One system includes a computing device, multiple robot assemblies, and a surgeon console. Each robot assembly among the multiple robot assemblies includes a robotic arm. A robotic arm of a first robot assembly is coupled to an image capture device. Robotic arms of at least a subset of robot assemblies, different from the first robot assembly, are coupled to surgical instruments. The surgeon console includes multiple handles, each communicatively coupled to a robot assembly coupled to a surgical instrument. The surgeon console is configured to transmit to the computing device one or more packets that include data related to a movement of at least one handle. The computing device configured to calculate a new position of the image capture device and transmit instructions to the first robot assembly to move the image capture device to the new position.1. A surgical robotic system, comprising:
a computing device; a plurality of robot assemblies, each robot assembly among the plurality of robot assemblies including a robotic arm, a robotic arm of a first robot assembly among the plurality of robot assemblies is coupled to an image capture device, robotic arms of at least a subset of robot assemblies, different from the first robot assembly, are coupled to surgical instruments; and a surgeon console including a plurality of handles, each handle among the plurality of handles is communicatively coupled to a robot assembly that includes a robotic arm coupled to a surgical instrument, the surgeon console configured to transmit to the computing device one or more packets that include data related to a movement of at least one handle among the plurality of handles; the computing device configured to calculate a new position of the image capture device based at least in part on the data related to the movement of at least one handle and transmit instructions to the first robot assembly to move the image capture device to the new position. 2. The surgical robotic system of claim 1, wherein the data related to the movement of at least one handle includes data related to a distance the at least one handle traveled and the new position of the image capture device is calculated based at least in part on the data related to the distance the at least one handle traveled. 3. The surgical robotic system of claim 2, wherein the new position of the image capture device is calculated based at least in part on the data related to the distance the at least one handle traveled and a scaling factor applied to the distance the at least one handle traveled. 4. The surgical robotic system of claim 3, wherein the scaling factor applied to the distance is among a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor among the plurality of scaling factors is associated with a direction of movement. 5. The surgical robotic system of claim 4, wherein the computing device is further configured to select the scaling factor based at least on a direction the at least one handle traveled. 6. The surgical robotic system of claim 1, wherein the data related to the movement of at least one handle includes data related to a direction the at least one handle traveled and the new position of the image capture device is calculated based at least in part on the data related to the direction the at least one handle traveled. 7. The surgical robotic system of claim 6, wherein a direction of the new position of the image capture device relative to a current position of the image capture device is in the same direction as the direction the at least one handle traveled. 8. The surgical robotic system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further configured to calculate the new position of the image capture device in response to a determination that a velocity of the movement of the at least one handle is greater than a movement threshold value. 9. The surgical robotic system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further configured to calculate the new position of the image capture device in response to a determination that a velocity of the movement of the at least one handle is less than a sharp movement threshold value. 10. The surgical robotic system of claim 9, wherein the computing device is further configured to determine if the velocity of the movement of the at least one handle is less than a sharp movement threshold value using a Kalman filter. 11. The surgical robotic system of claim 9, wherein the computing device is further configured to determine if the velocity of the movement of the at least one handle is less than a sharp movement threshold value using a low pass filter. 12. A surgical robotic system, comprising:
a computing device; a plurality of robot assemblies, each robot assembly among the plurality of robot assemblies includes a robotic arm, a robotic arm of a first robot assembly among the plurality of robot assemblies is coupled to an image capture device, and robotic arms of at least a subset of robot assemblies, different from the first robot assembly, are coupled to surgical instruments; the at least a subset of robot assemblies with the robotic arms coupled to the surgical instruments configured to transmit kinematic data of the robotic arms coupled to the surgical instruments to the computing device; and the computing device configured to calculate a new position of the image capture device based at least in part on the kinematic data of the robotic arms coupled to the surgical instruments and transmit instructions to the first robot assembly to move the image capture device to the new position. 13-40. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,236 | 16,643,138 | 1,634 | The invention provides a heavy-duty tire rubber composition capable of giving heavy-duty tires which exhibit low heat generation properties and have good abrasion resistance, and also provides a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a heavy-duty tire which each partially include the composition. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) and (ii): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not less than 1,000 and not more than 120,000, and (ii) the vinyl content is less than 30 mol %. | 1. A heavy-duty tire rubber composition, comprising:
100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfies the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) a weight average molecular weight is not less than 1,000 and not more than 120,000, and (ii) a vinyl content is less than 30 mol %, and the silane compound is a compound of formula (1): 2. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 0.1 to 4,000 Pa·s. 3. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica and a carbon black. 5. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the filler (C) is a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm and silicas and/or a silica having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 nm. 6. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the filler (C) is silica, and the heavy-duty tire rubber composition further comprises: 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent per 100 parts by mass of the silica. 7. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the solid rubber (A) is one or more selected from the group consisting of a natural rubber, a styrene butadiene rubber, a butadiene rubber and an isoprene rubber. 8. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the solid rubber (A) comprises 60 mass % or more of a natural rubber. 9. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 10. A tire tread, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 11. A bead filler, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 12. A tire belt, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 13. A heavy-duty tire, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. | The invention provides a heavy-duty tire rubber composition capable of giving heavy-duty tires which exhibit low heat generation properties and have good abrasion resistance, and also provides a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a heavy-duty tire which each partially include the composition. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) and (ii): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not less than 1,000 and not more than 120,000, and (ii) the vinyl content is less than 30 mol %.1. A heavy-duty tire rubber composition, comprising:
100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfies the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) a weight average molecular weight is not less than 1,000 and not more than 120,000, and (ii) a vinyl content is less than 30 mol %, and the silane compound is a compound of formula (1): 2. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 0.1 to 4,000 Pa·s. 3. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica and a carbon black. 5. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the filler (C) is a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm and silicas and/or a silica having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 nm. 6. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the filler (C) is silica, and the heavy-duty tire rubber composition further comprises: 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent per 100 parts by mass of the silica. 7. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the solid rubber (A) is one or more selected from the group consisting of a natural rubber, a styrene butadiene rubber, a butadiene rubber and an isoprene rubber. 8. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the solid rubber (A) comprises 60 mass % or more of a natural rubber. 9. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 10. A tire tread, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 11. A bead filler, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 12. A tire belt, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 13. A heavy-duty tire, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,237 | 16,643,159 | 3,655 | A transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission includes a gain setting unit that adjusts a gain of closed-loop control for calculating a target value of a roller position in accordance with a change in a rotation speed of a disc in a first rotation speed range and a second rotation speed range higher than the first rotation speed range. The gain setting unit changes, in the first rotation speed range, the gain so that sensitivity of the closed-loop control decreases with an increase in the rotation speed, and changes, in the second rotation speed range, the gain so that a rate of decrease in the sensitivity of the closed-loop control with the increase in the rotation speed is smaller than that in the first rotation speed range. | 1. A transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission that changes a transmission ratio by changing a roller position of a power roller with respect to a disc by an actuator to change a tilt angle of the power roller, the transmission controller comprising:
an actual transmission ratio acquisition unit that acquires an actual value of the transmission ratio; a target position calculation unit that calculates a target value of the roller position by closed-loop control so as to reduce a deviation between a command value of the transmission ratio and the actual value of the transmission ratio; a gain setting unit that adjusts a gain of the closed-loop control in accordance with a change in a rotation speed of the disc in a first rotation speed range and a second rotation speed range higher than the first rotation speed range, wherein the gain setting unit changes, in the first rotation speed range, the gain so that sensitivity of the closed-loop control decreases with an increase in the rotation speed, and changes, in the second rotation speed range, the gain so that a rate of decrease in the sensitivity of the closed-loop control with the increase in the rotation speed is smaller than that in the first rotation speed range. 2. The transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, wherein the gain setting unit changes the gain so that the rate of decrease in the sensitivity in the second rotation speed range decreases continuously with the increase in the rotation speed. 3. The transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, wherein the gain setting unit changes the gain so that a change in the gain with the increase in the rotation speed has an inverse correlation with a change in tilt sensitivity of the power roller with the increase in the rotation speed. 4. The transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, further comprising:
a position estimation unit that estimates an actual value of the roller position; a position control unit that calculates an operation command value for the actuator by second closed-loop control so as to reduce a deviation between the actual value and the target value of the roller position; and a second gain setting unit that adjusts sensitivity of an internal model of the position estimation unit in accordance with a change in the rotation speed in the first rotation speed range and the second rotation speed range higher than the first rotation speed range, wherein the second gain setting unit increases, in the first rotation speed range, the sensitivity of the internal model with the increase in the rotation speed, and changes, in the second rotation speed range, the sensitivity of the internal model so that a rate of increase in the sensitivity of the internal model with the increase in the rotation speed is smaller than that in the first rotation speed range. | A transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission includes a gain setting unit that adjusts a gain of closed-loop control for calculating a target value of a roller position in accordance with a change in a rotation speed of a disc in a first rotation speed range and a second rotation speed range higher than the first rotation speed range. The gain setting unit changes, in the first rotation speed range, the gain so that sensitivity of the closed-loop control decreases with an increase in the rotation speed, and changes, in the second rotation speed range, the gain so that a rate of decrease in the sensitivity of the closed-loop control with the increase in the rotation speed is smaller than that in the first rotation speed range.1. A transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission that changes a transmission ratio by changing a roller position of a power roller with respect to a disc by an actuator to change a tilt angle of the power roller, the transmission controller comprising:
an actual transmission ratio acquisition unit that acquires an actual value of the transmission ratio; a target position calculation unit that calculates a target value of the roller position by closed-loop control so as to reduce a deviation between a command value of the transmission ratio and the actual value of the transmission ratio; a gain setting unit that adjusts a gain of the closed-loop control in accordance with a change in a rotation speed of the disc in a first rotation speed range and a second rotation speed range higher than the first rotation speed range, wherein the gain setting unit changes, in the first rotation speed range, the gain so that sensitivity of the closed-loop control decreases with an increase in the rotation speed, and changes, in the second rotation speed range, the gain so that a rate of decrease in the sensitivity of the closed-loop control with the increase in the rotation speed is smaller than that in the first rotation speed range. 2. The transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, wherein the gain setting unit changes the gain so that the rate of decrease in the sensitivity in the second rotation speed range decreases continuously with the increase in the rotation speed. 3. The transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, wherein the gain setting unit changes the gain so that a change in the gain with the increase in the rotation speed has an inverse correlation with a change in tilt sensitivity of the power roller with the increase in the rotation speed. 4. The transmission controller of a toroidal continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, further comprising:
a position estimation unit that estimates an actual value of the roller position; a position control unit that calculates an operation command value for the actuator by second closed-loop control so as to reduce a deviation between the actual value and the target value of the roller position; and a second gain setting unit that adjusts sensitivity of an internal model of the position estimation unit in accordance with a change in the rotation speed in the first rotation speed range and the second rotation speed range higher than the first rotation speed range, wherein the second gain setting unit increases, in the first rotation speed range, the sensitivity of the internal model with the increase in the rotation speed, and changes, in the second rotation speed range, the sensitivity of the internal model so that a rate of increase in the sensitivity of the internal model with the increase in the rotation speed is smaller than that in the first rotation speed range. | 3,600 |
345,238 | 16,643,161 | 3,655 | A nucleic acid probe and a nucleic acid sequencing method for performing sequencing while ligating nucleic acids. The nucleic acid probe is a DNA sequencing probe, comprising a first moiety, a second moiety, a linker, and a detectable label. A base of the first moiety is A, T, U, C, or G, a base of the second moiety is a random base and/or a universal base, and 3 bases or more are present in the second moiety. The first moiety and the second moiety are ligated via the linker, the connection between the first moiety and the ligation can be cleaved, and the detectable label is ligated to the second moiety or the linker. The above probe, a combination formed therewith, or a sequencing method using the same can reduce the number or types of probes in nucleic acid sequencing, thereby reducing cost. | 1. A nucleic acid probe, comprising a first moiety, a second moiety, a linker and a detectable label, wherein:
the first moiety has a base of A, T, U, C or G, the second moiety has random bases and/or universal bases, and the number of the bases is 3 or more, the first moiety is ligated to the second moiety via the linker, and the ligation between the first moiety and the linker can be cleaved, the detectable label is ligated to the second moiety or the linker. 2. The nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the first moiety is located at the 5′-terminal or the 3′-terminal. 3. The nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the bases of the second moiety are 3 to 15 bases, preferably 5 to 12 bases, and more preferably 5 to 10 bases (for example, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 bases), particularly preferably 6 to 9 bases. 4. The nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the detectable label is a fluorophore; preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of cy3, cy5, Texas Red, 6-FAMTM, AF532, AF647 and AF688;
preferably, the detectable label is ligated to the second moiety; preferably, the detectable label is ligated to 3′-OH at the end of the second moiety; preferably, the detectable label is ligated to 3′-OH at the end of the second moiety via a phosphoester bond. 5. The nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the linker does not contain a sulfur atom; preferably, the linker is selected from the group represented by the following Formula IV to Formula IX: 6. A nucleic acid probe combination, which comprises 4 groups of probes, wherein:
the first group of nucleic acid probes: comprising the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first moiety is A; the second group of nucleic acid probes: comprising the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first moiety is T or U; the third group of nucleic acid probes: comprising the nucleic acid probes according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first moiety is C; the fourth group of nucleic acid probes: comprising the nucleic acid probes according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first moiety is G; and the detectable labels in the 4 groups of nucleic acid probes are different from each other; the 4 groups of nucleic acid probes are mixed or not mixed; preferably, the mole number of the first group of nucleic acid probes and that of the fourth group of nucleic acid probes are equal; preferably, the mole number of the second group of nucleic acid probes and that of the third group of nucleic acid probes are equal; preferably, the sum of the mole number of the first group of nucleic acid probes and that of the fourth group of nucleic acid probes is less than or equal to the sum of the mole number of the second group of nucleic acid probes and that of the third group of nucleic acid probes; preferably, the molar ratio of the first group of nucleic acid probes:the second group of nucleic acid probes:the third group of nucleic acid probes:the fourth group of nucleic acid probes is (0.5-2):(3-5):(3-5):(0.5-2); more preferably 1:4:4:1. 7. A ligation solution, which comprises the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, and a DNA ligase. 8. The ligation solution according to claim 7, characterized in any one or more of the following (1) to (5):
(1) the DNA ligase is one or more selected from the group consisting of T4 DNA ligase, T7 DNA ligase, and T3 DNA ligase; (2) the concentration of the nucleic acid probe is 0.1 μM to 5 μM, preferably 1 μM; (3) the concentration of the DNA ligase is 0.01 μM to 2 μM, preferably 0.5 μM; (4) further comprising the following components: 50 mM CH3COOK, 20 mM Tris, 10 mM Mg(CH3COO)2, 100 μg/ml BSA, 1 mM ATP, 10% PEG6000; (5) the rest of the ligation liquid is water. 9. A kit, which comprises the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1;
preferably, the kit further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a reagent capable of cleaving the ligation between the first moiety and the linker, a buffer for dissolving the nucleic acid probe, and a sequencing primer; preferably, the reagents in the kit are free of silver ion. 10. The kit according to claim 9, wherein the reagent capable of cleaving the ligation between the first moiety and the linker is an endonuclease (e.g., endonuclease IV or endonuclease V), an organic phosphide (e.g., THPP or TCEP), or a complex of PdCl2 and sulfonated triphenylphosphine. 11. A method for sequencing nucleic acid, comprising the following steps:
(1) hybridizing a sequencing primer to a nucleic acid molecule to be tested; (2) ligating the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1 to the sequencing primer; (3) eluting the nucleic acid probe that has not bound to the nucleic acid molecule to be tested; (4) detecting the detectable label of the nucleic acid probe binding to the nucleic acid molecule to be tested, and determining the base information of the first moiety; (5) cleaving the ligation between the first moiety of the nucleic acid probe and the linker, and eluting the rest of the nucleic acid probe except the first moiety; preferably, further comprising the following steps: (6) repeating the above steps (2) to (4) or (2) to (5). 12. The method for sequencing nucleic acid according to claim 11, wherein in the step (2), a nucleic acid probe is ligated to the sequencing primer by using a ligation solution, wherein the ligation solution comprises the nucleic acid probe and a DNA ligase; wherein,
the nucleic acid probe comprises a first moiety, a second moiety, a linker and a detectable label, wherein: the first moiety has a base of A, T, U, C or G, the second moiety has random bases and/or universal bases, and the number of the bases is 3 or more, the first moiety is ligated to the second moiety via the linker, and the ligation between the first moiety and the linker can be cleaved, and the detectable label is ligated to the second moiety or the linker. 13. A ligation solution, which comprises the nucleic acid probe combination according to claim 6, and a DNA ligase. 14. The ligation solution according to claim 13, characterized in any one or more of the following (1) to (5):
(1) the DNA ligase is one or more selected from the group consisting of T4 DNA ligase, T7 DNA ligase, and T3 DNA ligase; (2) the concentration of the nucleic acid probe is 0.1 μM to 5 μM, preferably 1 μM; (3) the concentration of the DNA ligase is 0.01 μM to 2 μM, preferably 0.5 μM; (4) further comprising the following components: 50 mM CH3COOK, 20 mM Tris, 10 mM Mg(CH3COO)2, 100 μg/ml BSA, 1 mM ATP, 10% PEG6000; (5) the rest of the ligation liquid is water. 15. A method for sequencing nucleic acid, comprising the following steps:
(1) hybridizing a sequencing primer to a nucleic acid molecule to be tested; (2) ligating the nucleic acid probe combination according to claim 6 to the sequencing primer; (3) eluting the nucleic acid probe that has not bound to the nucleic acid molecule to be tested; (4) detecting the detectable label of the nucleic acid probe binding to the nucleic acid molecule to be tested, and determining the base information of the first moiety; (5) cleaving the ligation between the first moiety of the nucleic acid probe and the linker, and eluting the rest of the nucleic acid probe except the first moiety; preferably, further comprising the following steps: (6) repeating the above steps (2) to (4) or (2) to (5). | A nucleic acid probe and a nucleic acid sequencing method for performing sequencing while ligating nucleic acids. The nucleic acid probe is a DNA sequencing probe, comprising a first moiety, a second moiety, a linker, and a detectable label. A base of the first moiety is A, T, U, C, or G, a base of the second moiety is a random base and/or a universal base, and 3 bases or more are present in the second moiety. The first moiety and the second moiety are ligated via the linker, the connection between the first moiety and the ligation can be cleaved, and the detectable label is ligated to the second moiety or the linker. The above probe, a combination formed therewith, or a sequencing method using the same can reduce the number or types of probes in nucleic acid sequencing, thereby reducing cost.1. A nucleic acid probe, comprising a first moiety, a second moiety, a linker and a detectable label, wherein:
the first moiety has a base of A, T, U, C or G, the second moiety has random bases and/or universal bases, and the number of the bases is 3 or more, the first moiety is ligated to the second moiety via the linker, and the ligation between the first moiety and the linker can be cleaved, the detectable label is ligated to the second moiety or the linker. 2. The nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the first moiety is located at the 5′-terminal or the 3′-terminal. 3. The nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the bases of the second moiety are 3 to 15 bases, preferably 5 to 12 bases, and more preferably 5 to 10 bases (for example, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 bases), particularly preferably 6 to 9 bases. 4. The nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the detectable label is a fluorophore; preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of cy3, cy5, Texas Red, 6-FAMTM, AF532, AF647 and AF688;
preferably, the detectable label is ligated to the second moiety; preferably, the detectable label is ligated to 3′-OH at the end of the second moiety; preferably, the detectable label is ligated to 3′-OH at the end of the second moiety via a phosphoester bond. 5. The nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the linker does not contain a sulfur atom; preferably, the linker is selected from the group represented by the following Formula IV to Formula IX: 6. A nucleic acid probe combination, which comprises 4 groups of probes, wherein:
the first group of nucleic acid probes: comprising the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first moiety is A; the second group of nucleic acid probes: comprising the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first moiety is T or U; the third group of nucleic acid probes: comprising the nucleic acid probes according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first moiety is C; the fourth group of nucleic acid probes: comprising the nucleic acid probes according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first moiety is G; and the detectable labels in the 4 groups of nucleic acid probes are different from each other; the 4 groups of nucleic acid probes are mixed or not mixed; preferably, the mole number of the first group of nucleic acid probes and that of the fourth group of nucleic acid probes are equal; preferably, the mole number of the second group of nucleic acid probes and that of the third group of nucleic acid probes are equal; preferably, the sum of the mole number of the first group of nucleic acid probes and that of the fourth group of nucleic acid probes is less than or equal to the sum of the mole number of the second group of nucleic acid probes and that of the third group of nucleic acid probes; preferably, the molar ratio of the first group of nucleic acid probes:the second group of nucleic acid probes:the third group of nucleic acid probes:the fourth group of nucleic acid probes is (0.5-2):(3-5):(3-5):(0.5-2); more preferably 1:4:4:1. 7. A ligation solution, which comprises the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1, and a DNA ligase. 8. The ligation solution according to claim 7, characterized in any one or more of the following (1) to (5):
(1) the DNA ligase is one or more selected from the group consisting of T4 DNA ligase, T7 DNA ligase, and T3 DNA ligase; (2) the concentration of the nucleic acid probe is 0.1 μM to 5 μM, preferably 1 μM; (3) the concentration of the DNA ligase is 0.01 μM to 2 μM, preferably 0.5 μM; (4) further comprising the following components: 50 mM CH3COOK, 20 mM Tris, 10 mM Mg(CH3COO)2, 100 μg/ml BSA, 1 mM ATP, 10% PEG6000; (5) the rest of the ligation liquid is water. 9. A kit, which comprises the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1;
preferably, the kit further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a reagent capable of cleaving the ligation between the first moiety and the linker, a buffer for dissolving the nucleic acid probe, and a sequencing primer; preferably, the reagents in the kit are free of silver ion. 10. The kit according to claim 9, wherein the reagent capable of cleaving the ligation between the first moiety and the linker is an endonuclease (e.g., endonuclease IV or endonuclease V), an organic phosphide (e.g., THPP or TCEP), or a complex of PdCl2 and sulfonated triphenylphosphine. 11. A method for sequencing nucleic acid, comprising the following steps:
(1) hybridizing a sequencing primer to a nucleic acid molecule to be tested; (2) ligating the nucleic acid probe according to claim 1 to the sequencing primer; (3) eluting the nucleic acid probe that has not bound to the nucleic acid molecule to be tested; (4) detecting the detectable label of the nucleic acid probe binding to the nucleic acid molecule to be tested, and determining the base information of the first moiety; (5) cleaving the ligation between the first moiety of the nucleic acid probe and the linker, and eluting the rest of the nucleic acid probe except the first moiety; preferably, further comprising the following steps: (6) repeating the above steps (2) to (4) or (2) to (5). 12. The method for sequencing nucleic acid according to claim 11, wherein in the step (2), a nucleic acid probe is ligated to the sequencing primer by using a ligation solution, wherein the ligation solution comprises the nucleic acid probe and a DNA ligase; wherein,
the nucleic acid probe comprises a first moiety, a second moiety, a linker and a detectable label, wherein: the first moiety has a base of A, T, U, C or G, the second moiety has random bases and/or universal bases, and the number of the bases is 3 or more, the first moiety is ligated to the second moiety via the linker, and the ligation between the first moiety and the linker can be cleaved, and the detectable label is ligated to the second moiety or the linker. 13. A ligation solution, which comprises the nucleic acid probe combination according to claim 6, and a DNA ligase. 14. The ligation solution according to claim 13, characterized in any one or more of the following (1) to (5):
(1) the DNA ligase is one or more selected from the group consisting of T4 DNA ligase, T7 DNA ligase, and T3 DNA ligase; (2) the concentration of the nucleic acid probe is 0.1 μM to 5 μM, preferably 1 μM; (3) the concentration of the DNA ligase is 0.01 μM to 2 μM, preferably 0.5 μM; (4) further comprising the following components: 50 mM CH3COOK, 20 mM Tris, 10 mM Mg(CH3COO)2, 100 μg/ml BSA, 1 mM ATP, 10% PEG6000; (5) the rest of the ligation liquid is water. 15. A method for sequencing nucleic acid, comprising the following steps:
(1) hybridizing a sequencing primer to a nucleic acid molecule to be tested; (2) ligating the nucleic acid probe combination according to claim 6 to the sequencing primer; (3) eluting the nucleic acid probe that has not bound to the nucleic acid molecule to be tested; (4) detecting the detectable label of the nucleic acid probe binding to the nucleic acid molecule to be tested, and determining the base information of the first moiety; (5) cleaving the ligation between the first moiety of the nucleic acid probe and the linker, and eluting the rest of the nucleic acid probe except the first moiety; preferably, further comprising the following steps: (6) repeating the above steps (2) to (4) or (2) to (5). | 3,600 |
345,239 | 16,643,158 | 3,655 | Aspects of the embodiments are directed to an opto-electronic device and methods of using the same. The opto-electronic device can include a processing device and a photonic device. The photonic device can include an optical demultiplexer; a collimating lens optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer and positioned to receive light from the optical demultiplexer, the collimating lens to collimate light received from the optical demultiplexer; a photodetector comprising a photosensitive element, the photosensitive element to convert received light into an electrical signal; and a focusing lens optically coupled to the photodetector, the focusing lens to receive light and focus the light towards the photosensitive element. | 1. An optical system comprising:
an optical demultiplexer; a collimating lens optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer; a photodetector; and a focusing lens optically coupled to the photodetector. 2. The optical system of claim 1, further comprising an optical diffusion element coupled to the optical demultiplexer, wherein the collimating lens is physically coupled to the optical diffusion element. 3. The optical system of claim 2, further comprising an optically transparent epoxy, wherein the collimating lens is coupled to the optical diffusion element by the optically transparent epoxy. 4. The optical system of claim 2, wherein the collimating lens and the optical diffusion element are a single molded component. 5. (canceled) 6. The optical system of claim 2, further comprising a collimating element optically coupled to the optical demux and the collimating lens. 7. (canceled) 8. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the photodetector comprises a photosensitive element to receive light from the focusing lens. 9. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical demultiplexer comprises a number of collimating lenses, the photodetector comprises a number of focusing lenses, and the number of collimating lenses is equal to the number of focusing lenses. 10. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the photodetector comprises a focusing element. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical demultiplexer is offset horizontally from the photodetector by a distance between 25 microns and 35 microns. 14. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical demultiplexer is offset vertically from the photodetector by a distance between 40 microns and 100 microns. 15. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical system is part of a data transmission receiver. 16. (canceled) 17. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical demultiplexer is configured to receive light from a fiber optic cable. 18. An electronic device comprising:
a processing device; and a photonic device comprising:
an optical demultiplexer;
a collimating lens optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer and positioned to receive light from the optical demultiplexer, the collimating lens to collimate light received from the optical demultiplexer;
a photodetector comprising a photosensitive element, the photosensitive element to convert received light into an electrical signal; and
a focusing lens optically coupled to the photodetector, the focusing lens to receive light and focus the light towards the photosensitive element. 19. The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the optical demultiplexer is optically coupled to a fiber optic cable, the fiber optic cable to direct light into the optical demultiplexer. 20. The electronic device of claim 15, further comprising an optical diffusion element coupled to the optical demultiplexer, wherein the collimating lens is physically coupled to the optical diffusion element. 21. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising a collimating element optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer and the collimating lens. 22-25. (canceled) 26. A method comprising:
directing light from an optical demultiplexer to a collimating lens to generate collimated light; directing the collimated light to a focusing lens to generate focused light; and detecting the focused light on a photodetector. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
receiving light into the optical demultiplexer from a fiber optic cable; separating the received light into multiple channels; directing each channel of light to a corresponding collimating lens; collimating each channel of light; directing each channel of collimated light to a corresponding focusing lens; and focusing each channel of collimated light; and directing each channel of focused light into a corresponding photosensor. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein directing light from the optical demultiplexer to the collimating lens comprises directing light from the demultiplexer into a diffusive optical element coupled to an output of the optical demultiplexer, and the diffusive optical element is coupled to the collimating lens. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein directing light from the optical demultiplexer to the collimating lens comprises directing light from the optical demultiplexer to a collimating optical element optically coupled to the collimating lens. 30. (canceled) | Aspects of the embodiments are directed to an opto-electronic device and methods of using the same. The opto-electronic device can include a processing device and a photonic device. The photonic device can include an optical demultiplexer; a collimating lens optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer and positioned to receive light from the optical demultiplexer, the collimating lens to collimate light received from the optical demultiplexer; a photodetector comprising a photosensitive element, the photosensitive element to convert received light into an electrical signal; and a focusing lens optically coupled to the photodetector, the focusing lens to receive light and focus the light towards the photosensitive element.1. An optical system comprising:
an optical demultiplexer; a collimating lens optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer; a photodetector; and a focusing lens optically coupled to the photodetector. 2. The optical system of claim 1, further comprising an optical diffusion element coupled to the optical demultiplexer, wherein the collimating lens is physically coupled to the optical diffusion element. 3. The optical system of claim 2, further comprising an optically transparent epoxy, wherein the collimating lens is coupled to the optical diffusion element by the optically transparent epoxy. 4. The optical system of claim 2, wherein the collimating lens and the optical diffusion element are a single molded component. 5. (canceled) 6. The optical system of claim 2, further comprising a collimating element optically coupled to the optical demux and the collimating lens. 7. (canceled) 8. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the photodetector comprises a photosensitive element to receive light from the focusing lens. 9. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical demultiplexer comprises a number of collimating lenses, the photodetector comprises a number of focusing lenses, and the number of collimating lenses is equal to the number of focusing lenses. 10. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the photodetector comprises a focusing element. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical demultiplexer is offset horizontally from the photodetector by a distance between 25 microns and 35 microns. 14. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical demultiplexer is offset vertically from the photodetector by a distance between 40 microns and 100 microns. 15. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical system is part of a data transmission receiver. 16. (canceled) 17. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the optical demultiplexer is configured to receive light from a fiber optic cable. 18. An electronic device comprising:
a processing device; and a photonic device comprising:
an optical demultiplexer;
a collimating lens optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer and positioned to receive light from the optical demultiplexer, the collimating lens to collimate light received from the optical demultiplexer;
a photodetector comprising a photosensitive element, the photosensitive element to convert received light into an electrical signal; and
a focusing lens optically coupled to the photodetector, the focusing lens to receive light and focus the light towards the photosensitive element. 19. The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the optical demultiplexer is optically coupled to a fiber optic cable, the fiber optic cable to direct light into the optical demultiplexer. 20. The electronic device of claim 15, further comprising an optical diffusion element coupled to the optical demultiplexer, wherein the collimating lens is physically coupled to the optical diffusion element. 21. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising a collimating element optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer and the collimating lens. 22-25. (canceled) 26. A method comprising:
directing light from an optical demultiplexer to a collimating lens to generate collimated light; directing the collimated light to a focusing lens to generate focused light; and detecting the focused light on a photodetector. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
receiving light into the optical demultiplexer from a fiber optic cable; separating the received light into multiple channels; directing each channel of light to a corresponding collimating lens; collimating each channel of light; directing each channel of collimated light to a corresponding focusing lens; and focusing each channel of collimated light; and directing each channel of focused light into a corresponding photosensor. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein directing light from the optical demultiplexer to the collimating lens comprises directing light from the demultiplexer into a diffusive optical element coupled to an output of the optical demultiplexer, and the diffusive optical element is coupled to the collimating lens. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein directing light from the optical demultiplexer to the collimating lens comprises directing light from the optical demultiplexer to a collimating optical element optically coupled to the collimating lens. 30. (canceled) | 3,600 |
345,240 | 16,643,151 | 3,655 | The invention relates to a self-moving device, including: a housing, a movement module configured to drive the housing to move, a drive module configured to drive the movement module to move, and a control module configured to control the self-moving device. A non-contact obstacle recognition sensor assembly is disposed on the housing. After the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving and steer until the obstacle is avoided. The movement direction is a forward driving direction of the self-moving device. | 1-53. (canceled) 54. A self-moving device, comprising:
a housing; a movement module, configured to drive the housing to move; a drive module, configured to drive the movement module to move; and a control module, configured to control the self-moving device, wherein a non-contact obstacle recognition sensor assembly is disposed on the housing, after the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving and steer until the obstacle is avoided, and the movement direction is a forward driving direction of the self-moving device. 55. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein when the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that a distance between the obstacle and the self-moving device is less than a preset distance, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving and steer until the obstacle is avoided, and the control module controls a steering angle of the self-moving device according to a relative position between the self-moving device and the obstacle. 56. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein after the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to steer at a changing angle and move until the obstacle is avoided. 57. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein after the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to decelerate. 58. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein after the obstacle is avoided, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving in a direction that is the same as an original direction before obstacle avoidance. 59. The self-moving device according to claim 58, wherein the direction is a direction that is parallel to or overlaps the original direction. 60. The self-moving device according to claim 58, wherein the self-moving device further has an inertial navigation system (INS), configured to obtain a steering angle and a position of the self-moving device, so that after the obstacle is avoided, the self-moving device continues moving in a direction that is the same as an original direction before obstacle avoidance. 61. The self-moving device according to claim 60, wherein the steering angle is an angle at which the self-moving device is controlled by the control module to steer, and the position is an original direction before obstacle avoidance and a new direction after the obstacle avoidance. 62. The self-moving device according to claim 61, wherein the INS obtains the original direction, the steering angle, and the new direction, the control module controls, according to original direction and steering angle, the self-moving device to be adjusted from the new direction to the direction that is the same as an original direction before obstacle avoidance to continue moving. 63. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein during movement of the self-moving device, when the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle always exists in a preset condition range on a first side of the movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to steer toward a second side, opposite to the first side, of the movement direction and continue moving. 64. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein the obstacle recognition sensor assembly is an ultrasonic sensor assembly, the ultrasonic sensor assembly comprises at least two ultrasonic sensors, comprising a first ultrasonic sensor and a second ultrasonic sensor, and the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor are arranged on the housing at an angle from each other. 65. The self-moving device according to claim 64, wherein the first ultrasonic sensor has a first axis, the second ultrasonic sensor has a second axis, the first axis and the second axis have a projection intersection as seen from the top, the first axis is an axis of an ultrasonic field transmitted by the first ultrasonic sensor, the second axis is an axis of the ultrasonic field transmitted by the second ultrasonic sensor. 66. The self-moving device according to claim 65, wherein the projection intersection is located in front of a connecting line between central points of the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor. 67. The self-moving device according to claim 65, wherein the range of the angle between projections of the first axis and the second axis is 70° to 90°. 68. The self-moving device according to claim 65, wherein the housing has a housing axis, and ranges of the angles between projections of the first axis and/or the second axis and the housing axis are 25° to 55°. 69. The self-moving device according to claim 64, wherein the first ultrasonic sensor receives and transmits ultrasound in a first transceiver region, the second ultrasonic sensor receives and transmits ultrasound in a second transceiver region, and projections of the first transceiver region and the second transceiver region at least overlap partially as seen from the top. 70. A method for controlling a movement path of a self-moving device, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining information about an obstacle in a movement direction of a self-moving device; when an obstacle exists in the movement direction of the self-moving device, controlling the self-moving device to continue moving and steer. 71. The method for controlling a movement path of a self-moving device according to claim 70, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining information about an obstacle in a movement direction of the self-moving device; when an obstacle exists in the movement direction of the self-moving device, obtaining a distance between the self-moving device and the obstacle; when the distance is less than a preset distance, controlling the self-moving device to steer. 72. The method for controlling a movement path of a self-moving device according to claim 70, wherein the method comprises:
controlling, when an obstacle exists in the movement direction of the self-moving device, the self-moving device to decelerate. 73. The method for controlling a movement path of a self-moving device according to claim 70, wherein the method further comprises:
after the obstacle is avoided through steering, controlling the self-moving device to continue moving in a direction that is the same as an original direction before obstacle avoidance. | The invention relates to a self-moving device, including: a housing, a movement module configured to drive the housing to move, a drive module configured to drive the movement module to move, and a control module configured to control the self-moving device. A non-contact obstacle recognition sensor assembly is disposed on the housing. After the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving and steer until the obstacle is avoided. The movement direction is a forward driving direction of the self-moving device.1-53. (canceled) 54. A self-moving device, comprising:
a housing; a movement module, configured to drive the housing to move; a drive module, configured to drive the movement module to move; and a control module, configured to control the self-moving device, wherein a non-contact obstacle recognition sensor assembly is disposed on the housing, after the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving and steer until the obstacle is avoided, and the movement direction is a forward driving direction of the self-moving device. 55. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein when the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that a distance between the obstacle and the self-moving device is less than a preset distance, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving and steer until the obstacle is avoided, and the control module controls a steering angle of the self-moving device according to a relative position between the self-moving device and the obstacle. 56. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein after the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to steer at a changing angle and move until the obstacle is avoided. 57. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein after the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to decelerate. 58. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein after the obstacle is avoided, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving in a direction that is the same as an original direction before obstacle avoidance. 59. The self-moving device according to claim 58, wherein the direction is a direction that is parallel to or overlaps the original direction. 60. The self-moving device according to claim 58, wherein the self-moving device further has an inertial navigation system (INS), configured to obtain a steering angle and a position of the self-moving device, so that after the obstacle is avoided, the self-moving device continues moving in a direction that is the same as an original direction before obstacle avoidance. 61. The self-moving device according to claim 60, wherein the steering angle is an angle at which the self-moving device is controlled by the control module to steer, and the position is an original direction before obstacle avoidance and a new direction after the obstacle avoidance. 62. The self-moving device according to claim 61, wherein the INS obtains the original direction, the steering angle, and the new direction, the control module controls, according to original direction and steering angle, the self-moving device to be adjusted from the new direction to the direction that is the same as an original direction before obstacle avoidance to continue moving. 63. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein during movement of the self-moving device, when the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle always exists in a preset condition range on a first side of the movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to steer toward a second side, opposite to the first side, of the movement direction and continue moving. 64. The self-moving device according to claim 54, wherein the obstacle recognition sensor assembly is an ultrasonic sensor assembly, the ultrasonic sensor assembly comprises at least two ultrasonic sensors, comprising a first ultrasonic sensor and a second ultrasonic sensor, and the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor are arranged on the housing at an angle from each other. 65. The self-moving device according to claim 64, wherein the first ultrasonic sensor has a first axis, the second ultrasonic sensor has a second axis, the first axis and the second axis have a projection intersection as seen from the top, the first axis is an axis of an ultrasonic field transmitted by the first ultrasonic sensor, the second axis is an axis of the ultrasonic field transmitted by the second ultrasonic sensor. 66. The self-moving device according to claim 65, wherein the projection intersection is located in front of a connecting line between central points of the first ultrasonic sensor and the second ultrasonic sensor. 67. The self-moving device according to claim 65, wherein the range of the angle between projections of the first axis and the second axis is 70° to 90°. 68. The self-moving device according to claim 65, wherein the housing has a housing axis, and ranges of the angles between projections of the first axis and/or the second axis and the housing axis are 25° to 55°. 69. The self-moving device according to claim 64, wherein the first ultrasonic sensor receives and transmits ultrasound in a first transceiver region, the second ultrasonic sensor receives and transmits ultrasound in a second transceiver region, and projections of the first transceiver region and the second transceiver region at least overlap partially as seen from the top. 70. A method for controlling a movement path of a self-moving device, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining information about an obstacle in a movement direction of a self-moving device; when an obstacle exists in the movement direction of the self-moving device, controlling the self-moving device to continue moving and steer. 71. The method for controlling a movement path of a self-moving device according to claim 70, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining information about an obstacle in a movement direction of the self-moving device; when an obstacle exists in the movement direction of the self-moving device, obtaining a distance between the self-moving device and the obstacle; when the distance is less than a preset distance, controlling the self-moving device to steer. 72. The method for controlling a movement path of a self-moving device according to claim 70, wherein the method comprises:
controlling, when an obstacle exists in the movement direction of the self-moving device, the self-moving device to decelerate. 73. The method for controlling a movement path of a self-moving device according to claim 70, wherein the method further comprises:
after the obstacle is avoided through steering, controlling the self-moving device to continue moving in a direction that is the same as an original direction before obstacle avoidance. | 3,600 |
345,241 | 16,643,145 | 3,655 | A display device for virtual reality, a viewing device for virtual reality and a head-mounted display apparatus are provided. The display apparatus includes: a display panel; a first polarizer which is disposed on a first surface of the display panel and includes a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions, the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions being alternately distributed in a first direction, wherein a polarization direction of each of the plurality of first regions is perpendicular to a polarization direction of each of the plurality of second regions. | 1. A display device for virtual reality, comprising:
a display panel; a first polarizer which is disposed on a first surface of the display panel and comprises a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions, the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions being alternately distributed in a first direction, wherein a polarization direction of each of the plurality of first regions is perpendicular to a polarization direction of each of the plurality of second regions. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first surface is a light emitting surface of the display panel. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions are configured as a plurality of strip-shaped regions extending in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect each other. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array, a row direction of the array is the first direction and a column direction of the array is the second direction, an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions on the display panel covers 1 to 3 columns of the sub-pixels. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display device further comprises a second polarizer disposed on a side of the display panel distal to the first polarizer, and the second polarizer comprises a plurality of third regions and a plurality of fourth regions, the plurality of third regions and the plurality of fourth regions being alternately distributed in the first direction; orthographic projections of the plurality of third regions on the display panel overlap with orthographic projections of the plurality of first regions on the display panel respectively, and orthographic projections of the plurality of fourth regions on the display panel overlap with orthographic projections of the plurality of second regions on the display panel respectively; a polarization direction of each of the plurality of third regions is perpendicular to the polarization direction of each of the plurality of first regions, and a polarization direction of each of the plurality of fourth regions is perpendicular to the polarization direction of each of the plurality of second regions. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the display panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. 7. A viewing device for virtual reality, comprising:
a lens; a third polarizer and a fourth polarizer which are arranged side by side on a second surface of the lens, and wherein a polarization direction of the third polarizer being perpendicular to a polarization direction of the fourth polarizer. 8. The viewing device according to claim 7, wherein the viewing device does not comprise a liquid crystal layer. 9. The viewing device according to claim 7, wherein the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are in contact with each other. 10. The viewing device according to claim 9, wherein a combination of an orthographic projection of the third polarizer on the second surface and an orthographic projection of the fourth polarizer on the second surface covers the second surface. 11. The viewing device according to claim 7, wherein the lens is a one-piece Fresnel lens, and the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are disposed on a flat surface of the Fresnel lens. 12. The viewing device according to claim 11, wherein the one-piece Fresnel lens comprises a first sub-Fresnel lens pattern and a second sub-Fresnel lens pattern arranged side by side on a side opposite to the flat surface. 13. A head-mounted display apparatus, comprising:
the display device according to claim 1; a viewing device for virtual reality, comprising: a lens; a third polarizer and a fourth polarizer which are arranged side by side on a second surface of the lens, and wherein a polarization direction of the third polarizer being perpendicular to a polarization direction of the fourth polarizer; wherein the polarization direction of each of the plurality of first regions of the first polarizer in the display device is the same as the polarization direction of the third polarizer in the viewing device, and the polarization direction of each of the plurality of second regions of the first polarizer in the display device is the same as the polarization direction of the fourth polarizer in the viewing device. 14. The head-mounted display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are located on a side of the lens in the viewing device distal to the display device. 15. The display device according to claim 4, wherein orthographic projections of the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions on the display panel each cover a same number of columns of the sub-pixels. 16. The viewing device according to claim 9, wherein there is no gap between the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer. 17. The viewing device according to claim 7, wherein the viewing device only comprises one lens. 18. The viewing device according to claim 8, wherein the lens is a one-piece Fresnel lens, and the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are disposed on a flat surface of the Fresnel lens. 19. The viewing device according to claim 9, wherein the lens is a one-piece Fresnel lens, and the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are disposed on a flat surface of the Fresnel lens. 20. The viewing device according to claim 10, wherein the lens is a one-piece Fresnel lens, and the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are disposed on a flat surface of the Fresnel lens. | A display device for virtual reality, a viewing device for virtual reality and a head-mounted display apparatus are provided. The display apparatus includes: a display panel; a first polarizer which is disposed on a first surface of the display panel and includes a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions, the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions being alternately distributed in a first direction, wherein a polarization direction of each of the plurality of first regions is perpendicular to a polarization direction of each of the plurality of second regions.1. A display device for virtual reality, comprising:
a display panel; a first polarizer which is disposed on a first surface of the display panel and comprises a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions, the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions being alternately distributed in a first direction, wherein a polarization direction of each of the plurality of first regions is perpendicular to a polarization direction of each of the plurality of second regions. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first surface is a light emitting surface of the display panel. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions are configured as a plurality of strip-shaped regions extending in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect each other. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array, a row direction of the array is the first direction and a column direction of the array is the second direction, an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions on the display panel covers 1 to 3 columns of the sub-pixels. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display device further comprises a second polarizer disposed on a side of the display panel distal to the first polarizer, and the second polarizer comprises a plurality of third regions and a plurality of fourth regions, the plurality of third regions and the plurality of fourth regions being alternately distributed in the first direction; orthographic projections of the plurality of third regions on the display panel overlap with orthographic projections of the plurality of first regions on the display panel respectively, and orthographic projections of the plurality of fourth regions on the display panel overlap with orthographic projections of the plurality of second regions on the display panel respectively; a polarization direction of each of the plurality of third regions is perpendicular to the polarization direction of each of the plurality of first regions, and a polarization direction of each of the plurality of fourth regions is perpendicular to the polarization direction of each of the plurality of second regions. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the display panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. 7. A viewing device for virtual reality, comprising:
a lens; a third polarizer and a fourth polarizer which are arranged side by side on a second surface of the lens, and wherein a polarization direction of the third polarizer being perpendicular to a polarization direction of the fourth polarizer. 8. The viewing device according to claim 7, wherein the viewing device does not comprise a liquid crystal layer. 9. The viewing device according to claim 7, wherein the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are in contact with each other. 10. The viewing device according to claim 9, wherein a combination of an orthographic projection of the third polarizer on the second surface and an orthographic projection of the fourth polarizer on the second surface covers the second surface. 11. The viewing device according to claim 7, wherein the lens is a one-piece Fresnel lens, and the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are disposed on a flat surface of the Fresnel lens. 12. The viewing device according to claim 11, wherein the one-piece Fresnel lens comprises a first sub-Fresnel lens pattern and a second sub-Fresnel lens pattern arranged side by side on a side opposite to the flat surface. 13. A head-mounted display apparatus, comprising:
the display device according to claim 1; a viewing device for virtual reality, comprising: a lens; a third polarizer and a fourth polarizer which are arranged side by side on a second surface of the lens, and wherein a polarization direction of the third polarizer being perpendicular to a polarization direction of the fourth polarizer; wherein the polarization direction of each of the plurality of first regions of the first polarizer in the display device is the same as the polarization direction of the third polarizer in the viewing device, and the polarization direction of each of the plurality of second regions of the first polarizer in the display device is the same as the polarization direction of the fourth polarizer in the viewing device. 14. The head-mounted display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are located on a side of the lens in the viewing device distal to the display device. 15. The display device according to claim 4, wherein orthographic projections of the plurality of first regions and the plurality of second regions on the display panel each cover a same number of columns of the sub-pixels. 16. The viewing device according to claim 9, wherein there is no gap between the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer. 17. The viewing device according to claim 7, wherein the viewing device only comprises one lens. 18. The viewing device according to claim 8, wherein the lens is a one-piece Fresnel lens, and the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are disposed on a flat surface of the Fresnel lens. 19. The viewing device according to claim 9, wherein the lens is a one-piece Fresnel lens, and the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are disposed on a flat surface of the Fresnel lens. 20. The viewing device according to claim 10, wherein the lens is a one-piece Fresnel lens, and the third polarizer and the fourth polarizer are disposed on a flat surface of the Fresnel lens. | 3,600 |
345,242 | 16,643,073 | 3,655 | A first transistor, a second transistor, a capacitor, and first to third conductors are included. The first transistor includes a first gate, a source, and a drain. The second transistor includes a second gate, a third gate over the second gate, first and second low-resistance regions, and an oxide sandwiched between the second gate and the third gate. The capacitor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an insulator sandwiched therebetween. The first low-resistance region overlaps with the first gate. The first conductor is electrically connected to the first gate and is connected to a bottom surface of the first low-resistance region. The capacitor overlaps with the first low-resistance region. The second conductor is electrically connected to the drain. The third conductor overlaps with the second conductor and is connected to the second conductor and a side surface of the second low-resistance region. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first transistor; a second transistor; a capacitor; a first conductor; a second conductor; and a third conductor, wherein the first transistor comprises a first gate, a source, and a drain, wherein the second transistor comprises a second gate, a third gate over the second gate, a first low-resistance region, a second low-resistance region, and an oxide between the second gate and the third gate, wherein the capacitor comprises a first electrode, a second electrode over the first electrode, and an insulator between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first low-resistance region overlaps with the first gate, wherein the first conductor is electrically connected to the first gate, wherein the first conductor is connected to a bottom surface of the first low-resistance region, wherein the capacitor overlaps with the first low-resistance region, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the first low-resistance region, wherein the second conductor is electrically connected to the drain, wherein the third conductor overlaps with the second conductor, and wherein the third conductor is connected to the second conductor and a side surface of the second low-resistance region. 2. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first transistor; a second transistor over the first transistor; a third transistor; a fourth transistor over the third transistor; a first capacitor; a second capacitor; a first conductor; a second conductor; a third conductor; and a fourth conductor, wherein the first transistor comprises a first gate, a first source, and a first drain, wherein the second transistor comprises a second gate, a third gate over the second gate, a first low-resistance region, a second low-resistance region, and an oxide between the second gate and the third gate, wherein the third transistor comprises a fourth gate, a second source, and a second drain, wherein the fourth transistor comprises a fifth gate, a sixth gate over the fifth gate, the second low-resistance region, a third low-resistance region, and the oxide between the fifth gate and the sixth gate, wherein the first capacitor comprises a first electrode, a second electrode over the first electrode, and a first insulator between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the second capacitor comprises a third electrode, a fourth electrode over the third electrode, and a second insulator between the third electrode and the fourth electrode, wherein the first low-resistance region overlaps with the first gate, wherein the first conductor is electrically connected to the first gate, wherein the first conductor is connected to a bottom surface of the first low-resistance region, wherein the first capacitor overlaps with the first low-resistance region, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the first low-resistance region, wherein the third low-resistance region overlaps with the fourth gate, wherein the fourth conductor is electrically connected to the fourth gate, wherein the fourth conductor is connected to a bottom surface of the third low-resistance region, wherein the second capacitor overlaps with the third low-resistance region, wherein the third electrode is electrically connected to the third low-resistance region, wherein the second conductor is electrically connected to the first drain and the second drain, wherein the third conductor overlaps with the second conductor, and wherein the third conductor is connected to the second conductor and a side surface of the second low-resistance region. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the first drain and the second drain are provided in a fourth low-resistance region. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein in a channel length direction of the first transistor, a distance between the second gate and the first gate is half a width of the first gate. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein in the channel length direction of the first transistor, a distance between the second gate and the second conductor is half the width of the first gate. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a first insulator and a second insulator,
wherein the first insulator covers the first transistor, wherein the second insulator is in contact with a side surface of the second gate, and wherein the second insulator has a different composition from the first insulator. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a third insulator and a fourth insulator,
wherein the third insulator covers the second transistor, wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with a side surface of the third gate, and wherein the fourth insulator has a different composition from the third insulator. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein in a channel length direction of the first transistor, a distance between the second gate and the first gate is half a width of the first gate. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein in the channel length direction of the first transistor, a distance between the second gate and the second conductor is half the width of the first gate. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising a third insulator and a fourth insulator,
wherein the third insulator covers the first transistor, wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with a side surface of the second gate, and wherein the fourth insulator has a different composition from the third insulator. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising a fifth insulator and a sixth insulator,
wherein the fifth insulator covers the second transistor, wherein the sixth insulator is in contact with a side surface of the third gate, and wherein the sixth insulator has a different composition from the fifth insulator. | A first transistor, a second transistor, a capacitor, and first to third conductors are included. The first transistor includes a first gate, a source, and a drain. The second transistor includes a second gate, a third gate over the second gate, first and second low-resistance regions, and an oxide sandwiched between the second gate and the third gate. The capacitor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an insulator sandwiched therebetween. The first low-resistance region overlaps with the first gate. The first conductor is electrically connected to the first gate and is connected to a bottom surface of the first low-resistance region. The capacitor overlaps with the first low-resistance region. The second conductor is electrically connected to the drain. The third conductor overlaps with the second conductor and is connected to the second conductor and a side surface of the second low-resistance region.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first transistor; a second transistor; a capacitor; a first conductor; a second conductor; and a third conductor, wherein the first transistor comprises a first gate, a source, and a drain, wherein the second transistor comprises a second gate, a third gate over the second gate, a first low-resistance region, a second low-resistance region, and an oxide between the second gate and the third gate, wherein the capacitor comprises a first electrode, a second electrode over the first electrode, and an insulator between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first low-resistance region overlaps with the first gate, wherein the first conductor is electrically connected to the first gate, wherein the first conductor is connected to a bottom surface of the first low-resistance region, wherein the capacitor overlaps with the first low-resistance region, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the first low-resistance region, wherein the second conductor is electrically connected to the drain, wherein the third conductor overlaps with the second conductor, and wherein the third conductor is connected to the second conductor and a side surface of the second low-resistance region. 2. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first transistor; a second transistor over the first transistor; a third transistor; a fourth transistor over the third transistor; a first capacitor; a second capacitor; a first conductor; a second conductor; a third conductor; and a fourth conductor, wherein the first transistor comprises a first gate, a first source, and a first drain, wherein the second transistor comprises a second gate, a third gate over the second gate, a first low-resistance region, a second low-resistance region, and an oxide between the second gate and the third gate, wherein the third transistor comprises a fourth gate, a second source, and a second drain, wherein the fourth transistor comprises a fifth gate, a sixth gate over the fifth gate, the second low-resistance region, a third low-resistance region, and the oxide between the fifth gate and the sixth gate, wherein the first capacitor comprises a first electrode, a second electrode over the first electrode, and a first insulator between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the second capacitor comprises a third electrode, a fourth electrode over the third electrode, and a second insulator between the third electrode and the fourth electrode, wherein the first low-resistance region overlaps with the first gate, wherein the first conductor is electrically connected to the first gate, wherein the first conductor is connected to a bottom surface of the first low-resistance region, wherein the first capacitor overlaps with the first low-resistance region, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the first low-resistance region, wherein the third low-resistance region overlaps with the fourth gate, wherein the fourth conductor is electrically connected to the fourth gate, wherein the fourth conductor is connected to a bottom surface of the third low-resistance region, wherein the second capacitor overlaps with the third low-resistance region, wherein the third electrode is electrically connected to the third low-resistance region, wherein the second conductor is electrically connected to the first drain and the second drain, wherein the third conductor overlaps with the second conductor, and wherein the third conductor is connected to the second conductor and a side surface of the second low-resistance region. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein the first drain and the second drain are provided in a fourth low-resistance region. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein in a channel length direction of the first transistor, a distance between the second gate and the first gate is half a width of the first gate. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein in the channel length direction of the first transistor, a distance between the second gate and the second conductor is half the width of the first gate. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a first insulator and a second insulator,
wherein the first insulator covers the first transistor, wherein the second insulator is in contact with a side surface of the second gate, and wherein the second insulator has a different composition from the first insulator. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a third insulator and a fourth insulator,
wherein the third insulator covers the second transistor, wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with a side surface of the third gate, and wherein the fourth insulator has a different composition from the third insulator. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
wherein in a channel length direction of the first transistor, a distance between the second gate and the first gate is half a width of the first gate. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein in the channel length direction of the first transistor, a distance between the second gate and the second conductor is half the width of the first gate. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising a third insulator and a fourth insulator,
wherein the third insulator covers the first transistor, wherein the fourth insulator is in contact with a side surface of the second gate, and wherein the fourth insulator has a different composition from the third insulator. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising a fifth insulator and a sixth insulator,
wherein the fifth insulator covers the second transistor, wherein the sixth insulator is in contact with a side surface of the third gate, and wherein the sixth insulator has a different composition from the fifth insulator. | 3,600 |
345,243 | 16,643,167 | 1,613 | Described herein are methods of using inhaled nitric oxide for improving and/or maintaining right ventricular function and/or left ventricular function. Some methods relate to the long-term administration of inhaled nitric oxide to a patient with pulmonary hypertension. | 1. A method of maintaining or improving right ventricular function, the method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for at least 2 days. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has pulmonary hypertension. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pulmonary hypertension comprises one or more of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group I), pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (WHO Group 2), pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease and/or chronic hypoxemia (WHO Group 3), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (WHO Group 4) or pulmonary hypertension with unclear multifactorial mechanisms (WHO Group 5). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group I). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has been placed on a lung transplant waiting list. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has received a lung transplant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 1 week. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 2 weeks. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 4 weeks. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 3 months. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 6 hours a day. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 12 hours a day. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of iNO is in the range of about 10 to about 300 micrograms NO per kilogram ideal body weight per hour (mcg/kg IBW/hr). 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is in the range of about 30 to about 75 mcg/kg IBW/hr. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein maintaining or improving right ventricular function comprises maintaining or improving one or more of the following parameters: right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular motion, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), tricuspid annular systolic velocity (TASV), and Tei index. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of iNO provides an average increase in TAPSE in a group of patients after 4 weeks of iNO administration of at least 1 millimeter (mm). 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of iNO provides an average increase in TAPSE in a group of patients after 4 weeks of iNO administration of at least 2 mm. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of iNO provides an average increase in TAPSE in a group of patients after 4 weeks of iNO administration of at least 5%. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of iNO provides an average increase in TAPSE in a group of patients after 4 weeks of iNO administration of at least 10%. 22-59. (canceled) | Described herein are methods of using inhaled nitric oxide for improving and/or maintaining right ventricular function and/or left ventricular function. Some methods relate to the long-term administration of inhaled nitric oxide to a patient with pulmonary hypertension.1. A method of maintaining or improving right ventricular function, the method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for at least 2 days. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has pulmonary hypertension. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pulmonary hypertension comprises one or more of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group I), pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (WHO Group 2), pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease and/or chronic hypoxemia (WHO Group 3), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (WHO Group 4) or pulmonary hypertension with unclear multifactorial mechanisms (WHO Group 5). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group I). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has been placed on a lung transplant waiting list. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has received a lung transplant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient has a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 1 week. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 2 weeks. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 4 weeks. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 3 months. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 6 hours a day. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 12 hours a day. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of iNO is in the range of about 10 to about 300 micrograms NO per kilogram ideal body weight per hour (mcg/kg IBW/hr). 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is in the range of about 30 to about 75 mcg/kg IBW/hr. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein maintaining or improving right ventricular function comprises maintaining or improving one or more of the following parameters: right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular motion, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), tricuspid annular systolic velocity (TASV), and Tei index. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of iNO provides an average increase in TAPSE in a group of patients after 4 weeks of iNO administration of at least 1 millimeter (mm). 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of iNO provides an average increase in TAPSE in a group of patients after 4 weeks of iNO administration of at least 2 mm. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of iNO provides an average increase in TAPSE in a group of patients after 4 weeks of iNO administration of at least 5%. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of iNO provides an average increase in TAPSE in a group of patients after 4 weeks of iNO administration of at least 10%. 22-59. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,244 | 16,643,134 | 1,613 | A vehicle window has a plurality of integrated electro-optical elements, wherein the electro-optical elements have a common supply voltage, wherein the integrated electro-optical elements are controllable individually or in groups such that the electro-optical elements change the optical properties of the window at the respective location, wherein a first logical interface for feeding in the common supply voltage and a second logical interface for feeding in a common control signal are provided for controlling the electro-optical elements and for providing the common supply voltage, wherein, downstream from the logical interface, the control signal is converted into control signals for the control of the integrated electro-optical elements individually or in groups, wherein the physical interface is arranged on one of the outer faces of the window, wherein the physical interface for the first logical interface and the second logical interface has, together, 3 or 4 electrical connections. | 1. A vehicle window having a plurality of integrated electro-optical elements, wherein the electro-optical elements have a common supply voltage, wherein the integrated electro-optical elements can be controlled individually or in groups such that the electro-optical elements change the optical properties of the window at the respective location, wherein a first logical interface for feeding in the common supply voltage and a second logical interface for feeding in a common control signal are provided for controlling the electro-optical elements and for providing the common supply voltage, wherein, downstream from the second logical interface, the control signal is converted into control signals for the control of the integrated electro-optical elements individually or in groups, wherein a physical interface is arranged on one of the outer faces of the window, wherein the physical interface for the first logical interface and the second logical interface has, together, 3 or 4 electrical connections. 2. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the electro-optical elements are provided for controlling the optical transparency of the window. 3. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the electro-optical elements are selected from a group comprising: electrochromic coating, suspended particle device, liquid crystal, polymer dispersed liquid crystal device. 4. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the physical interface is arranged on a recess of the window. 5. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the second logical interface is a single-wire or two-wire interface. 6. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the second logical interface can be connected to a bus system. 7. The vehicle window according to claim 6, wherein the bus system is a vehicle bus system. 8. The vehicle window according to claim 6, wherein the bus system is a CAN bus. 9. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the second logical interface further electrically connects sensor and/or display elements in the window. 10. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the physical interface is arranged at the edge of the window. 11. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the first logical interface provides an AC voltage. 12. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the first logical interface provides a DC voltage. | A vehicle window has a plurality of integrated electro-optical elements, wherein the electro-optical elements have a common supply voltage, wherein the integrated electro-optical elements are controllable individually or in groups such that the electro-optical elements change the optical properties of the window at the respective location, wherein a first logical interface for feeding in the common supply voltage and a second logical interface for feeding in a common control signal are provided for controlling the electro-optical elements and for providing the common supply voltage, wherein, downstream from the logical interface, the control signal is converted into control signals for the control of the integrated electro-optical elements individually or in groups, wherein the physical interface is arranged on one of the outer faces of the window, wherein the physical interface for the first logical interface and the second logical interface has, together, 3 or 4 electrical connections.1. A vehicle window having a plurality of integrated electro-optical elements, wherein the electro-optical elements have a common supply voltage, wherein the integrated electro-optical elements can be controlled individually or in groups such that the electro-optical elements change the optical properties of the window at the respective location, wherein a first logical interface for feeding in the common supply voltage and a second logical interface for feeding in a common control signal are provided for controlling the electro-optical elements and for providing the common supply voltage, wherein, downstream from the second logical interface, the control signal is converted into control signals for the control of the integrated electro-optical elements individually or in groups, wherein a physical interface is arranged on one of the outer faces of the window, wherein the physical interface for the first logical interface and the second logical interface has, together, 3 or 4 electrical connections. 2. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the electro-optical elements are provided for controlling the optical transparency of the window. 3. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the electro-optical elements are selected from a group comprising: electrochromic coating, suspended particle device, liquid crystal, polymer dispersed liquid crystal device. 4. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the physical interface is arranged on a recess of the window. 5. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the second logical interface is a single-wire or two-wire interface. 6. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the second logical interface can be connected to a bus system. 7. The vehicle window according to claim 6, wherein the bus system is a vehicle bus system. 8. The vehicle window according to claim 6, wherein the bus system is a CAN bus. 9. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the second logical interface further electrically connects sensor and/or display elements in the window. 10. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the physical interface is arranged at the edge of the window. 11. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the first logical interface provides an AC voltage. 12. The vehicle window according to claim 1, wherein the first logical interface provides a DC voltage. | 1,600 |
345,245 | 16,643,136 | 1,613 | A signal transmission method is applied to a receiving terminal so as to improve the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the signal transmission method includes: receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line. | 1. A signal transmission method applied to a receiving terminal, the signal transmission method comprising:
receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line. 2. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein
adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, includes: determining target parameter information based on the received signal, wherein the target parameter information includes first indication information of at least one adjustable parameter of the specified parameters, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information; and according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information. 3. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein
determining the target parameter information based on the received signal, includes: determining a degree parameter of the received signal, wherein the degree parameter is configured to reflect a severity of the transmission error in the received signal; inquiring a pre-established corresponding relationship between degree parameter ranges and parameter information, and obtaining parameter information corresponding to a degree parameter range where the degree parameter of the received signal is located, the parameter information being used as the target parameter information, wherein each parameter information recorded in the corresponding relationship includes first indication information of at least one parameter of the specified parameters, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information. 4. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the specified parameters include at least one first parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal and at least one second parameter adjustable by the receiving terminal, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value;
according to the target parameter information, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes at least one target parameter value of the at least one first parameter, sending the at least one target parameter value of the at least one first parameter to the transmitting terminal to control the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter, so that the at least one adjusted parameter value of the at least one first parameter is equal to a corresponding target parameter value in the target parameter information; according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes at least one target parameter value of the at least one second parameter, adjusting at least one parameter value of the at least one second parameter, so that at least one adjusted parameter value of the at least one second parameter is equal to a corresponding target parameter value in the target parameter information. 5. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the specified parameters include at least one first parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal and at least one second parameter adjustable by the receiving terminal, and the first indication information includes target adjustment degree information;
according to the target parameter information, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes target adjustment degree information of the at least one first parameter, sending the target adjustment degree information of the at least one first parameter to the transmitting terminal to control the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one first parameter according to corresponding target adjustment degree information of the target parameter information; according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes target adjustment degree information of the at least one second parameter, adjusting the at least one second parameter according to corresponding target adjustment degree information of the target parameter information. 6. The signal transmission method according to claim 4, wherein
the at least one first parameter includes at least one of a driving current of the transmitting terminal, a swing level, and a slew rate; and the at least one second parameter includes at least one of a swing level, an equalizer, a matching resistance of the receiving terminal, filtering parameters of a filter and a driving current of the receiving terminal. 7. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein
adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, includes: according to a priority order of the specified parameters, adjusting parameters that are adjustable by the receiving terminal sequentially until an adjustment end condition is reached, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust parameters that are adjustable by the transmitting terminal sequentially until the adjustment end condition is reached. 8. The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein
the adjustment end condition includes at least one of: there being no transmission error in a signal received again sent by the transmitting terminal; adjustment of all the specified parameters being completed; and adjustment of a specified number of parameters of the specified parameters being completed. 9. The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein
according to a priority order of the specified parameters, adjusting parameters that are adjustable by the receiving terminal sequentially, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust parameters that are adjustable by the transmitting terminal sequentially, includes: according to the priority order of the specified parameters, performing at least one of: increasing at least one parameter value of at least one third parameter; sending second indication information to the transmitting terminal, the second indication information being configured to indicate the transmitting terminal to increase at least one parameter value of at least one first parameter; and performing adjustment process of at least one fourth parameter at least once, the adjustment process of the at least one fourth parameter including increasing or decreasing at least one parameter value of the at least one fourth parameter, wherein the at least one third parameter includes at least one of a swing level and a driving current of the receiving terminal, the at least one first parameter includes at least one of a driving current of the transmitting terminal, a swing level and a slew rate, and the at least one fourth parameter includes at least one of an equalizer, a matching resistance of the receiving terminal and filtering parameters of a filter, in the specified parameters, a priority of the at last one third parameter is greater than a priority of the at least first parameter, and the priority of the at least one first parameter is greater than a priority of the at least one fourth parameter. 10. (canceled) 11. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal is transmitted on the transmission line in a form of data packets;
detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal includes any one of following two combinations: a, recording a packet loss rate of the signal received through the transmission line, and determining that there is a transmission error in the received signal when the packet loss rate is greater than a specified packet loss rate threshold; b, determining that there is a transmission error in the received signal when received data packets satisfy a specified condition; the specified condition includes at least one of: a number of received data packets with a transmission error within a specified time being greater than a first specified number threshold; a number of data packets with a transmission error in a received specified number of data packets being greater than a second specified number threshold; and a number of consecutive data packets with a transmission error in a received specified number of data packets being greater than a third specified number threshold. 12. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission method further comprising:
after the at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, restoring corresponding at least one parameter of the specified parameters to initial setting when a restoration condition is reached, the initial setting being a setting before the corresponding at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted; the restoration condition includes at least one of: a time interval between a current moment and an adjusting moment of the specified parameters being greater than a specified time interval, and the receiving terminal being powered on again. 13. A signal transmission method applied to a transmitting terminal, the signal transmission method comprising:
sending a signal to a receiving terminal through a transmission line; receiving a control signal sent by the receiving terminal, the control signal being sent by the receiving terminal after a transmission error in a received signal is detected; and adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal. 14. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein
the control signal includes first indication information of at least one first parameter, each first parameter is a parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal in the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information; adjusting at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one first parameter based on first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal. 15. The signal transmission method according to claim 14, wherein the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value, and
adjusting the at least one first parameter based on the first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter, so that adjusted at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter is equal to the at least one target parameter value included in the received first indication information. 16. The signal transmission method according to claim 14, wherein the first indication information includes target adjustment degree information;
adjusting the at least one first parameter based on the first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one first parameter according to the target adjustment degree information included in the received first indication information. 17. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein
the control signal includes second indication information of the at least one first parameter, each first parameter is a parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal in the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the second indication information is configured to indicate the transmitting terminal to increase at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter; and adjusting at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal, includes: increasing the at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter based on second indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal. 18. (canceled) 19. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein the signal transmission method further comprising:
after the at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, restoring a corresponding parameter of the specified parameters to initial setting when a restoration condition is reached, the initial setting being a setting before the corresponding parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, wherein the restoration condition includes at least one of: a time interval between a current moment and an adjusting moment of the specified parameters being greater than a specified time interval, and the receiving terminal being powered on again. 20-21. (canceled) 22. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a receiving terminal, the signal transmission apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions to perform one or more steps in the signal transmission method according to claim 1. 23. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a transmission terminal, the signal transmission apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions to perform one or more steps in the signal transmission method according to claim 13. 24. (canceled) 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when run on a processing component, cause the processing component to perform the signal transmission method according to claim 1. | A signal transmission method is applied to a receiving terminal so as to improve the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the signal transmission method includes: receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line.1. A signal transmission method applied to a receiving terminal, the signal transmission method comprising:
receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line. 2. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein
adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, includes: determining target parameter information based on the received signal, wherein the target parameter information includes first indication information of at least one adjustable parameter of the specified parameters, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information; and according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information. 3. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein
determining the target parameter information based on the received signal, includes: determining a degree parameter of the received signal, wherein the degree parameter is configured to reflect a severity of the transmission error in the received signal; inquiring a pre-established corresponding relationship between degree parameter ranges and parameter information, and obtaining parameter information corresponding to a degree parameter range where the degree parameter of the received signal is located, the parameter information being used as the target parameter information, wherein each parameter information recorded in the corresponding relationship includes first indication information of at least one parameter of the specified parameters, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information. 4. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the specified parameters include at least one first parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal and at least one second parameter adjustable by the receiving terminal, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value;
according to the target parameter information, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes at least one target parameter value of the at least one first parameter, sending the at least one target parameter value of the at least one first parameter to the transmitting terminal to control the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter, so that the at least one adjusted parameter value of the at least one first parameter is equal to a corresponding target parameter value in the target parameter information; according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes at least one target parameter value of the at least one second parameter, adjusting at least one parameter value of the at least one second parameter, so that at least one adjusted parameter value of the at least one second parameter is equal to a corresponding target parameter value in the target parameter information. 5. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the specified parameters include at least one first parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal and at least one second parameter adjustable by the receiving terminal, and the first indication information includes target adjustment degree information;
according to the target parameter information, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes target adjustment degree information of the at least one first parameter, sending the target adjustment degree information of the at least one first parameter to the transmitting terminal to control the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one first parameter according to corresponding target adjustment degree information of the target parameter information; according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes target adjustment degree information of the at least one second parameter, adjusting the at least one second parameter according to corresponding target adjustment degree information of the target parameter information. 6. The signal transmission method according to claim 4, wherein
the at least one first parameter includes at least one of a driving current of the transmitting terminal, a swing level, and a slew rate; and the at least one second parameter includes at least one of a swing level, an equalizer, a matching resistance of the receiving terminal, filtering parameters of a filter and a driving current of the receiving terminal. 7. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein
adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, includes: according to a priority order of the specified parameters, adjusting parameters that are adjustable by the receiving terminal sequentially until an adjustment end condition is reached, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust parameters that are adjustable by the transmitting terminal sequentially until the adjustment end condition is reached. 8. The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein
the adjustment end condition includes at least one of: there being no transmission error in a signal received again sent by the transmitting terminal; adjustment of all the specified parameters being completed; and adjustment of a specified number of parameters of the specified parameters being completed. 9. The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein
according to a priority order of the specified parameters, adjusting parameters that are adjustable by the receiving terminal sequentially, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust parameters that are adjustable by the transmitting terminal sequentially, includes: according to the priority order of the specified parameters, performing at least one of: increasing at least one parameter value of at least one third parameter; sending second indication information to the transmitting terminal, the second indication information being configured to indicate the transmitting terminal to increase at least one parameter value of at least one first parameter; and performing adjustment process of at least one fourth parameter at least once, the adjustment process of the at least one fourth parameter including increasing or decreasing at least one parameter value of the at least one fourth parameter, wherein the at least one third parameter includes at least one of a swing level and a driving current of the receiving terminal, the at least one first parameter includes at least one of a driving current of the transmitting terminal, a swing level and a slew rate, and the at least one fourth parameter includes at least one of an equalizer, a matching resistance of the receiving terminal and filtering parameters of a filter, in the specified parameters, a priority of the at last one third parameter is greater than a priority of the at least first parameter, and the priority of the at least one first parameter is greater than a priority of the at least one fourth parameter. 10. (canceled) 11. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal is transmitted on the transmission line in a form of data packets;
detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal includes any one of following two combinations: a, recording a packet loss rate of the signal received through the transmission line, and determining that there is a transmission error in the received signal when the packet loss rate is greater than a specified packet loss rate threshold; b, determining that there is a transmission error in the received signal when received data packets satisfy a specified condition; the specified condition includes at least one of: a number of received data packets with a transmission error within a specified time being greater than a first specified number threshold; a number of data packets with a transmission error in a received specified number of data packets being greater than a second specified number threshold; and a number of consecutive data packets with a transmission error in a received specified number of data packets being greater than a third specified number threshold. 12. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission method further comprising:
after the at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, restoring corresponding at least one parameter of the specified parameters to initial setting when a restoration condition is reached, the initial setting being a setting before the corresponding at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted; the restoration condition includes at least one of: a time interval between a current moment and an adjusting moment of the specified parameters being greater than a specified time interval, and the receiving terminal being powered on again. 13. A signal transmission method applied to a transmitting terminal, the signal transmission method comprising:
sending a signal to a receiving terminal through a transmission line; receiving a control signal sent by the receiving terminal, the control signal being sent by the receiving terminal after a transmission error in a received signal is detected; and adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal. 14. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein
the control signal includes first indication information of at least one first parameter, each first parameter is a parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal in the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information; adjusting at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one first parameter based on first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal. 15. The signal transmission method according to claim 14, wherein the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value, and
adjusting the at least one first parameter based on the first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter, so that adjusted at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter is equal to the at least one target parameter value included in the received first indication information. 16. The signal transmission method according to claim 14, wherein the first indication information includes target adjustment degree information;
adjusting the at least one first parameter based on the first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one first parameter according to the target adjustment degree information included in the received first indication information. 17. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein
the control signal includes second indication information of the at least one first parameter, each first parameter is a parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal in the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the second indication information is configured to indicate the transmitting terminal to increase at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter; and adjusting at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal, includes: increasing the at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter based on second indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal. 18. (canceled) 19. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein the signal transmission method further comprising:
after the at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, restoring a corresponding parameter of the specified parameters to initial setting when a restoration condition is reached, the initial setting being a setting before the corresponding parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, wherein the restoration condition includes at least one of: a time interval between a current moment and an adjusting moment of the specified parameters being greater than a specified time interval, and the receiving terminal being powered on again. 20-21. (canceled) 22. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a receiving terminal, the signal transmission apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions to perform one or more steps in the signal transmission method according to claim 1. 23. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a transmission terminal, the signal transmission apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions to perform one or more steps in the signal transmission method according to claim 13. 24. (canceled) 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when run on a processing component, cause the processing component to perform the signal transmission method according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,246 | 16,643,152 | 1,613 | A signal transmission method is applied to a receiving terminal so as to improve the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the signal transmission method includes: receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line. | 1. A signal transmission method applied to a receiving terminal, the signal transmission method comprising:
receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line. 2. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein
adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, includes: determining target parameter information based on the received signal, wherein the target parameter information includes first indication information of at least one adjustable parameter of the specified parameters, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information; and according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information. 3. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein
determining the target parameter information based on the received signal, includes: determining a degree parameter of the received signal, wherein the degree parameter is configured to reflect a severity of the transmission error in the received signal; inquiring a pre-established corresponding relationship between degree parameter ranges and parameter information, and obtaining parameter information corresponding to a degree parameter range where the degree parameter of the received signal is located, the parameter information being used as the target parameter information, wherein each parameter information recorded in the corresponding relationship includes first indication information of at least one parameter of the specified parameters, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information. 4. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the specified parameters include at least one first parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal and at least one second parameter adjustable by the receiving terminal, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value;
according to the target parameter information, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes at least one target parameter value of the at least one first parameter, sending the at least one target parameter value of the at least one first parameter to the transmitting terminal to control the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter, so that the at least one adjusted parameter value of the at least one first parameter is equal to a corresponding target parameter value in the target parameter information; according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes at least one target parameter value of the at least one second parameter, adjusting at least one parameter value of the at least one second parameter, so that at least one adjusted parameter value of the at least one second parameter is equal to a corresponding target parameter value in the target parameter information. 5. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the specified parameters include at least one first parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal and at least one second parameter adjustable by the receiving terminal, and the first indication information includes target adjustment degree information;
according to the target parameter information, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes target adjustment degree information of the at least one first parameter, sending the target adjustment degree information of the at least one first parameter to the transmitting terminal to control the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one first parameter according to corresponding target adjustment degree information of the target parameter information; according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes target adjustment degree information of the at least one second parameter, adjusting the at least one second parameter according to corresponding target adjustment degree information of the target parameter information. 6. The signal transmission method according to claim 4, wherein
the at least one first parameter includes at least one of a driving current of the transmitting terminal, a swing level, and a slew rate; and the at least one second parameter includes at least one of a swing level, an equalizer, a matching resistance of the receiving terminal, filtering parameters of a filter and a driving current of the receiving terminal. 7. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein
adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, includes: according to a priority order of the specified parameters, adjusting parameters that are adjustable by the receiving terminal sequentially until an adjustment end condition is reached, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust parameters that are adjustable by the transmitting terminal sequentially until the adjustment end condition is reached. 8. The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein
the adjustment end condition includes at least one of: there being no transmission error in a signal received again sent by the transmitting terminal; adjustment of all the specified parameters being completed; and adjustment of a specified number of parameters of the specified parameters being completed. 9. The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein
according to a priority order of the specified parameters, adjusting parameters that are adjustable by the receiving terminal sequentially, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust parameters that are adjustable by the transmitting terminal sequentially, includes: according to the priority order of the specified parameters, performing at least one of: increasing at least one parameter value of at least one third parameter; sending second indication information to the transmitting terminal, the second indication information being configured to indicate the transmitting terminal to increase at least one parameter value of at least one first parameter; and performing adjustment process of at least one fourth parameter at least once, the adjustment process of the at least one fourth parameter including increasing or decreasing at least one parameter value of the at least one fourth parameter, wherein the at least one third parameter includes at least one of a swing level and a driving current of the receiving terminal, the at least one first parameter includes at least one of a driving current of the transmitting terminal, a swing level and a slew rate, and the at least one fourth parameter includes at least one of an equalizer, a matching resistance of the receiving terminal and filtering parameters of a filter, in the specified parameters, a priority of the at last one third parameter is greater than a priority of the at least first parameter, and the priority of the at least one first parameter is greater than a priority of the at least one fourth parameter. 10. (canceled) 11. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal is transmitted on the transmission line in a form of data packets;
detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal includes any one of following two combinations: a, recording a packet loss rate of the signal received through the transmission line, and determining that there is a transmission error in the received signal when the packet loss rate is greater than a specified packet loss rate threshold; b, determining that there is a transmission error in the received signal when received data packets satisfy a specified condition; the specified condition includes at least one of: a number of received data packets with a transmission error within a specified time being greater than a first specified number threshold; a number of data packets with a transmission error in a received specified number of data packets being greater than a second specified number threshold; and a number of consecutive data packets with a transmission error in a received specified number of data packets being greater than a third specified number threshold. 12. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission method further comprising:
after the at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, restoring corresponding at least one parameter of the specified parameters to initial setting when a restoration condition is reached, the initial setting being a setting before the corresponding at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted; the restoration condition includes at least one of: a time interval between a current moment and an adjusting moment of the specified parameters being greater than a specified time interval, and the receiving terminal being powered on again. 13. A signal transmission method applied to a transmitting terminal, the signal transmission method comprising:
sending a signal to a receiving terminal through a transmission line; receiving a control signal sent by the receiving terminal, the control signal being sent by the receiving terminal after a transmission error in a received signal is detected; and adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal. 14. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein
the control signal includes first indication information of at least one first parameter, each first parameter is a parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal in the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information; adjusting at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one first parameter based on first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal. 15. The signal transmission method according to claim 14, wherein the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value, and
adjusting the at least one first parameter based on the first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter, so that adjusted at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter is equal to the at least one target parameter value included in the received first indication information. 16. The signal transmission method according to claim 14, wherein the first indication information includes target adjustment degree information;
adjusting the at least one first parameter based on the first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one first parameter according to the target adjustment degree information included in the received first indication information. 17. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein
the control signal includes second indication information of the at least one first parameter, each first parameter is a parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal in the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the second indication information is configured to indicate the transmitting terminal to increase at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter; and adjusting at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal, includes: increasing the at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter based on second indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal. 18. (canceled) 19. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein the signal transmission method further comprising:
after the at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, restoring a corresponding parameter of the specified parameters to initial setting when a restoration condition is reached, the initial setting being a setting before the corresponding parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, wherein the restoration condition includes at least one of: a time interval between a current moment and an adjusting moment of the specified parameters being greater than a specified time interval, and the receiving terminal being powered on again. 20-21. (canceled) 22. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a receiving terminal, the signal transmission apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions to perform one or more steps in the signal transmission method according to claim 1. 23. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a transmission terminal, the signal transmission apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions to perform one or more steps in the signal transmission method according to claim 13. 24. (canceled) 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when run on a processing component, cause the processing component to perform the signal transmission method according to claim 1. | A signal transmission method is applied to a receiving terminal so as to improve the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the signal transmission method includes: receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line.1. A signal transmission method applied to a receiving terminal, the signal transmission method comprising:
receiving a signal sent by a transmitting terminal through a transmission line; detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal; and when there is a transmission error in the received signal, adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line. 2. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein
adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, includes: determining target parameter information based on the received signal, wherein the target parameter information includes first indication information of at least one adjustable parameter of the specified parameters, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information; and according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information. 3. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein
determining the target parameter information based on the received signal, includes: determining a degree parameter of the received signal, wherein the degree parameter is configured to reflect a severity of the transmission error in the received signal; inquiring a pre-established corresponding relationship between degree parameter ranges and parameter information, and obtaining parameter information corresponding to a degree parameter range where the degree parameter of the received signal is located, the parameter information being used as the target parameter information, wherein each parameter information recorded in the corresponding relationship includes first indication information of at least one parameter of the specified parameters, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information. 4. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the specified parameters include at least one first parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal and at least one second parameter adjustable by the receiving terminal, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value;
according to the target parameter information, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes at least one target parameter value of the at least one first parameter, sending the at least one target parameter value of the at least one first parameter to the transmitting terminal to control the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter, so that the at least one adjusted parameter value of the at least one first parameter is equal to a corresponding target parameter value in the target parameter information; according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes at least one target parameter value of the at least one second parameter, adjusting at least one parameter value of the at least one second parameter, so that at least one adjusted parameter value of the at least one second parameter is equal to a corresponding target parameter value in the target parameter information. 5. The signal transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the specified parameters include at least one first parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal and at least one second parameter adjustable by the receiving terminal, and the first indication information includes target adjustment degree information;
according to the target parameter information, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes target adjustment degree information of the at least one first parameter, sending the target adjustment degree information of the at least one first parameter to the transmitting terminal to control the transmitting terminal to adjust the at least one first parameter according to corresponding target adjustment degree information of the target parameter information; according to the target parameter information, adjusting at least one parameter corresponding to the target parameter information, includes: in a case where the target parameter information includes target adjustment degree information of the at least one second parameter, adjusting the at least one second parameter according to corresponding target adjustment degree information of the target parameter information. 6. The signal transmission method according to claim 4, wherein
the at least one first parameter includes at least one of a driving current of the transmitting terminal, a swing level, and a slew rate; and the at least one second parameter includes at least one of a swing level, an equalizer, a matching resistance of the receiving terminal, filtering parameters of a filter and a driving current of the receiving terminal. 7. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein
adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, includes: according to a priority order of the specified parameters, adjusting parameters that are adjustable by the receiving terminal sequentially until an adjustment end condition is reached, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust parameters that are adjustable by the transmitting terminal sequentially until the adjustment end condition is reached. 8. The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein
the adjustment end condition includes at least one of: there being no transmission error in a signal received again sent by the transmitting terminal; adjustment of all the specified parameters being completed; and adjustment of a specified number of parameters of the specified parameters being completed. 9. The signal transmission method according to claim 7, wherein
according to a priority order of the specified parameters, adjusting parameters that are adjustable by the receiving terminal sequentially, and/or, controlling the transmitting terminal to adjust parameters that are adjustable by the transmitting terminal sequentially, includes: according to the priority order of the specified parameters, performing at least one of: increasing at least one parameter value of at least one third parameter; sending second indication information to the transmitting terminal, the second indication information being configured to indicate the transmitting terminal to increase at least one parameter value of at least one first parameter; and performing adjustment process of at least one fourth parameter at least once, the adjustment process of the at least one fourth parameter including increasing or decreasing at least one parameter value of the at least one fourth parameter, wherein the at least one third parameter includes at least one of a swing level and a driving current of the receiving terminal, the at least one first parameter includes at least one of a driving current of the transmitting terminal, a swing level and a slew rate, and the at least one fourth parameter includes at least one of an equalizer, a matching resistance of the receiving terminal and filtering parameters of a filter, in the specified parameters, a priority of the at last one third parameter is greater than a priority of the at least first parameter, and the priority of the at least one first parameter is greater than a priority of the at least one fourth parameter. 10. (canceled) 11. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal is transmitted on the transmission line in a form of data packets;
detecting whether there is a transmission error in the received signal includes any one of following two combinations: a, recording a packet loss rate of the signal received through the transmission line, and determining that there is a transmission error in the received signal when the packet loss rate is greater than a specified packet loss rate threshold; b, determining that there is a transmission error in the received signal when received data packets satisfy a specified condition; the specified condition includes at least one of: a number of received data packets with a transmission error within a specified time being greater than a first specified number threshold; a number of data packets with a transmission error in a received specified number of data packets being greater than a second specified number threshold; and a number of consecutive data packets with a transmission error in a received specified number of data packets being greater than a third specified number threshold. 12. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission method further comprising:
after the at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, restoring corresponding at least one parameter of the specified parameters to initial setting when a restoration condition is reached, the initial setting being a setting before the corresponding at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted; the restoration condition includes at least one of: a time interval between a current moment and an adjusting moment of the specified parameters being greater than a specified time interval, and the receiving terminal being powered on again. 13. A signal transmission method applied to a transmitting terminal, the signal transmission method comprising:
sending a signal to a receiving terminal through a transmission line; receiving a control signal sent by the receiving terminal, the control signal being sent by the receiving terminal after a transmission error in a received signal is detected; and adjusting at least one parameter of specified parameters affecting an anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal. 14. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein
the control signal includes first indication information of at least one first parameter, each first parameter is a parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal in the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value or target adjustment degree information; adjusting at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one first parameter based on first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal. 15. The signal transmission method according to claim 14, wherein the first indication information includes at least one target parameter value, and
adjusting the at least one first parameter based on the first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter, so that adjusted at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter is equal to the at least one target parameter value included in the received first indication information. 16. The signal transmission method according to claim 14, wherein the first indication information includes target adjustment degree information;
adjusting the at least one first parameter based on the first indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal, includes: adjusting the at least one first parameter according to the target adjustment degree information included in the received first indication information. 17. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein
the control signal includes second indication information of the at least one first parameter, each first parameter is a parameter adjustable by the transmitting terminal in the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of the signals on the transmission line, and the second indication information is configured to indicate the transmitting terminal to increase at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter; and adjusting at least one parameter of the specified parameters affecting the anti-interference capability of signals on the transmission line based on the received control signal, includes: increasing the at least one parameter value of the at least one first parameter based on second indication information of the at least one first parameter included in the received control signal. 18. (canceled) 19. The signal transmission method according to claim 13, wherein the signal transmission method further comprising:
after the at least one parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, restoring a corresponding parameter of the specified parameters to initial setting when a restoration condition is reached, the initial setting being a setting before the corresponding parameter of the specified parameters is adjusted, wherein the restoration condition includes at least one of: a time interval between a current moment and an adjusting moment of the specified parameters being greater than a specified time interval, and the receiving terminal being powered on again. 20-21. (canceled) 22. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a receiving terminal, the signal transmission apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions to perform one or more steps in the signal transmission method according to claim 1. 23. A signal transmission apparatus applied to a transmission terminal, the signal transmission apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions to perform one or more steps in the signal transmission method according to claim 13. 24. (canceled) 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when run on a processing component, cause the processing component to perform the signal transmission method according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,247 | 16,643,124 | 1,613 | To terminate polishing at an appropriate position, an end point position of the polishing is sensed. According to one embodiment, a method that chemomechanically polishes a substrate including a functional chip is provided. The method includes: a step of disposing the functional chip on the substrate; a step of disposing an end point sensing element on the substrate; a step of sealing the substrate on which the functional chip and the end point sensing element are disposed with an insulating material; a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished. | 1. A method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip, the method comprising:
a step of disposing the functional chip on the substrate; a step of disposing an end point sensing element on the substrate; a step of sealing the substrate on which the functional chip and the end point sensing element are disposed with an insulating material; a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a reflection element, and the method comprises:
a step of irradiating the reflection element with light; and
a step of receiving light reflected by the reflection element. 3. The method according to claim 1, comprising
a step of fixing the end point sensing element to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate. 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of forming a metal layer on the insulating material; and a step of polishing the metal layer, wherein when the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of:
(1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor;
(2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and
(3) a change in polishing resistance. 6. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of forming a barrier mold layer on the insulating material; and a step of forming a metal layer on the barrier mold layer, wherein when the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of:
(1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor;
(2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and
(3) a change in polishing resistance. 7. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of performing a process for wiring on the insulating material after the insulating material is polished; and a step of performing a surface treatment to improve hydrophilicity on a processed surface of the insulating material. 8. A method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip, wherein
the functional chip and an end point sensing element are disposed on the substrate, and the substrate is in a state of sealed with an insulating material, and the method comprises:
a step of polishing the insulating material; and
a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a reflection element, and the method comprises:
a step of irradiating the reflection element with light; and
a step of receiving light reflected by the reflection element. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the substrate is in a state where a metal layer is formed on the insulating material, the method comprises
a step of polishing the metal layer, and
when the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of:
(1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor;
(2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and
(3) a change in polishing resistance. 13. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the substrate is in a state where a barrier mold layer is formed on the insulating material and further a metal layer is formed on the barrier mold layer, and when the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of:
(1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor;
(2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and
(3) a change in polishing resistance. 14-17. (canceled) 18. A method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip sealed with an insulating material, the method comprising:
a step of irradiating the substrate with light such that the light is totally reflected by a surface of the substrate; a step of receiving light totally reflected by the surface of the substrate; and a step of determining an end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in the received light. 19. A computer-readable recording medium that records a program, when the program is executed by a control device to control an operation of a substrate polishing apparatus, the program causing the control device to control the substrate polishing apparatus and to execute the method according to claim 1. 20. (canceled) 21. A substrate comprising:
a functional chip; an insulating material that covers the functional chip; and an end point sensing element. 22. The substrate according to claim 21, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a reflection element. 23. The substrate according to claim 20 or 21, wherein
the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive. 24. The substrate according to claim 21, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate. 25. The substrate according to claim 21, wherein
a metal layer is formed on the insulating material. 26. (canceled) | To terminate polishing at an appropriate position, an end point position of the polishing is sensed. According to one embodiment, a method that chemomechanically polishes a substrate including a functional chip is provided. The method includes: a step of disposing the functional chip on the substrate; a step of disposing an end point sensing element on the substrate; a step of sealing the substrate on which the functional chip and the end point sensing element are disposed with an insulating material; a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished.1. A method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip, the method comprising:
a step of disposing the functional chip on the substrate; a step of disposing an end point sensing element on the substrate; a step of sealing the substrate on which the functional chip and the end point sensing element are disposed with an insulating material; a step of polishing the insulating material; and a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a reflection element, and the method comprises:
a step of irradiating the reflection element with light; and
a step of receiving light reflected by the reflection element. 3. The method according to claim 1, comprising
a step of fixing the end point sensing element to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate. 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of forming a metal layer on the insulating material; and a step of polishing the metal layer, wherein when the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of:
(1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor;
(2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and
(3) a change in polishing resistance. 6. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of forming a barrier mold layer on the insulating material; and a step of forming a metal layer on the barrier mold layer, wherein when the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of:
(1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor;
(2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and
(3) a change in polishing resistance. 7. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of performing a process for wiring on the insulating material after the insulating material is polished; and a step of performing a surface treatment to improve hydrophilicity on a processed surface of the insulating material. 8. A method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip, wherein
the functional chip and an end point sensing element are disposed on the substrate, and the substrate is in a state of sealed with an insulating material, and the method comprises:
a step of polishing the insulating material; and
a step of sensing an end point of the polishing based on the end point sensing element while the insulating material is polished. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a reflection element, and the method comprises:
a step of irradiating the reflection element with light; and
a step of receiving light reflected by the reflection element. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the substrate is in a state where a metal layer is formed on the insulating material, the method comprises
a step of polishing the metal layer, and
when the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of:
(1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor;
(2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and
(3) a change in polishing resistance. 13. The method according to claim 8, wherein
the substrate is in a state where a barrier mold layer is formed on the insulating material and further a metal layer is formed on the barrier mold layer, and when the metal layer is polished, the end point of the polishing is sensed based on at least one of:
(1) a change in eddy current by an eddy current sensor;
(2) a change in reflected light from the metal layer by an optical sensor; and
(3) a change in polishing resistance. 14-17. (canceled) 18. A method for chemomechanically polishing a substrate including a functional chip sealed with an insulating material, the method comprising:
a step of irradiating the substrate with light such that the light is totally reflected by a surface of the substrate; a step of receiving light totally reflected by the surface of the substrate; and a step of determining an end point of the polishing of the substrate based on a change in the received light. 19. A computer-readable recording medium that records a program, when the program is executed by a control device to control an operation of a substrate polishing apparatus, the program causing the control device to control the substrate polishing apparatus and to execute the method according to claim 1. 20. (canceled) 21. A substrate comprising:
a functional chip; an insulating material that covers the functional chip; and an end point sensing element. 22. The substrate according to claim 21, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a reflection element. 23. The substrate according to claim 20 or 21, wherein
the end point sensing element is fixed to a top surface of the functional chip with an adhesive. 24. The substrate according to claim 21, wherein
the end point sensing element includes a dummy element unrelated to a function configured on the substrate. 25. The substrate according to claim 21, wherein
a metal layer is formed on the insulating material. 26. (canceled) | 1,600 |
345,248 | 16,643,128 | 1,613 | The tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A) having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not more than −10° C., 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) to (iv): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 15,000 to 120,000, (ii) the vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %, (iii) the average number of the functional groups per molecule of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 1 to 30, and (iv) the glass transition temperature (Tg) is not more than 0° C. | 1. A tire rubber composition, comprising:
100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A) having a glass transition temperature of not more than −10° C., 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfies the following conditions (i) to (iv):
(i) a weight average molecular weight is 15,000 to 120,000,
(ii) a vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %,
(iii) an average number of the functional groups per molecule of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 1 to 30, and
(iv) the glass transition temperature is not more than 0° C., and the silane compound is a compound of formula (1): 2. The tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 1 to 4,000 Pa·s. 3. The tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is one or more selected from the group consisting of a natural rubber, a styrene butadiene rubber, a butadiene rubber and an isoprene rubber. 5. The tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from silicas and carbon blacks the group consisting of a silica and a carbon black. 6. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 7. A tire tread, comprising:
the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 8. A bead filler, comprising:
the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 9. A tire belt, comprising:
the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 10. A pneumatic tire, comprising:
the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein the pneumatic tire is a winter pneumatic tire or a studless pneumatic tire. 12. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein the pneumatic tire is an all-season pneumatic tire. | The tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A) having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not more than −10° C., 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) to (iv): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 15,000 to 120,000, (ii) the vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %, (iii) the average number of the functional groups per molecule of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 1 to 30, and (iv) the glass transition temperature (Tg) is not more than 0° C.1. A tire rubber composition, comprising:
100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A) having a glass transition temperature of not more than −10° C., 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfies the following conditions (i) to (iv):
(i) a weight average molecular weight is 15,000 to 120,000,
(ii) a vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %,
(iii) an average number of the functional groups per molecule of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 1 to 30, and
(iv) the glass transition temperature is not more than 0° C., and the silane compound is a compound of formula (1): 2. The tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 1 to 4,000 Pa·s. 3. The tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is one or more selected from the group consisting of a natural rubber, a styrene butadiene rubber, a butadiene rubber and an isoprene rubber. 5. The tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from silicas and carbon blacks the group consisting of a silica and a carbon black. 6. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 7. A tire tread, comprising:
the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 8. A bead filler, comprising:
the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 9. A tire belt, comprising:
the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 10. A pneumatic tire, comprising:
the tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein the pneumatic tire is a winter pneumatic tire or a studless pneumatic tire. 12. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein the pneumatic tire is an all-season pneumatic tire. | 1,600 |
345,249 | 16,643,171 | 1,613 | A cushion structure and a package box are provided, which relate to the technical field of a protection pad. The cushion structure comprises a cushion pad which includes a multi-layered folding structure and a plurality of folding layers. One end of one folding layer is connected to one head of another folding layer neighboring to the one of the folding layers, and the folding layers are disposed in an overlapped manner after being folded. An accommodating space is formed between neighboring two of the folding layers, and the accommodating space is configured to accommodate an object. A through hole is disposed on the folding layer to prevent the object from sticking with the folding layer. A reserved pad protrudes from an edge of each folding layer, and two surfaces of the reserved pad are respectively coplanar with two surfaces of the each folding layer. | 1. A cushion structure, comprising:
a cushion pad including a multi-layered folding structure and a plurality of folding layers, wherein one end of one folding layer is connected to one head of another folding layer neighboring to said one of the folding layers, and the folding layers are disposed in an overlapped manner when being folded, wherein an accommodating space is formed between neighboring two of the folding layers, and the accommodating space is configured to accommodate an object; a through hole, disposed on the folding layer and is configured to prevent the object from sticking with the folding layer; and a reserved pad, protruding from an edge of each folding layer, wherein two surfaces of the reserved pad are respectively coplanar with two surfaces of said each folding layer. 2. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein the reserved pad is separately disposed on a connecting portion of neighboring two of the folding layers, and the reserved pad is disposed on one side of the accommodating space after the folding layers are folded. 3. The cushion structure according to claim 2, wherein the width of the reserved pad is smaller than the width of said each the folding layer. 4. The cushion structure according to claim 3, wherein neighboring two of the reserved pads are separated from each other with a distance. 5. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein the reserved pads are disposed at the same sides of the connecting portions of the folding layers. 6. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein a slit is formed between two neighboring reserved pads. 7. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein neighboring two of the folding layers are integrally formed. 8. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of through holes are disposed on each folding layer, and the through holes are rectangular holes which are distributed on each folding layer in a rectangular array. 9. The cushion structure according to claim 8, wherein the four inner corners of each rectangular hole are filleted. 10. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of through holes are disposed on each folding layer, and the through holes are circular holes which are distributed on each folding layer in a rectangular array. 11. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein the through hole is an elliptic-shaped, a regular pentagonal shaped, or a regular hexagonal shaped. 12. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein the folding layers are expandable polyethylene components. 13. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein a width of each folding layer is greater than or equal to a width of the object. 14. A cushion structure, comprising:
a cushion pad including a multi-layered folding structure and a plurality of folding layers, wherein one end of one folding layer is connected to one head of another folding layer neighboring to said one of the folding layers, and the folding layers are disposed in an overlapped manner after being folded, wherein an accommodating space is formed between neighboring two of the folding layers, and the accommodating space is configured to accommodate an object; a through hole, disposed on each folding layer and prevents the object from sticking with the folding layer, wherein the amounts of the through holes are four, and the four through holes are distributed on each folding layer in a rectangular array; and a reserved pad, protruding from an edge of each folding layer, wherein two surfaces of the reserved pad are respectively coplanar with two surfaces of said each folding layer. 15. The cushion structure according to claim 14, wherein the reserved pad is separately disposed on a connecting portion of neighboring two of the folding layers, and the reserved pad is disposed on one side of the accommodating space after the folding layers are folded. 16. The cushion structure according to claim 15, wherein the width of the reserved pad is smaller than the width of each of the folding layers. 17. The cushion structure according to claim 16, wherein neighboring two of the reserved pads are separated from each other with a distance. 18. The cushion structure according to claim 14, wherein the reserved pads are disposed at the same sides of the connecting portions of the folding layers. 19. The cushion structure according to claim 14, wherein a slit is formed between two neighboring reserved pads. 20. A package box, comprising:
a box body; and a cushion structure according to claim 1 disposed in the box body. | A cushion structure and a package box are provided, which relate to the technical field of a protection pad. The cushion structure comprises a cushion pad which includes a multi-layered folding structure and a plurality of folding layers. One end of one folding layer is connected to one head of another folding layer neighboring to the one of the folding layers, and the folding layers are disposed in an overlapped manner after being folded. An accommodating space is formed between neighboring two of the folding layers, and the accommodating space is configured to accommodate an object. A through hole is disposed on the folding layer to prevent the object from sticking with the folding layer. A reserved pad protrudes from an edge of each folding layer, and two surfaces of the reserved pad are respectively coplanar with two surfaces of the each folding layer.1. A cushion structure, comprising:
a cushion pad including a multi-layered folding structure and a plurality of folding layers, wherein one end of one folding layer is connected to one head of another folding layer neighboring to said one of the folding layers, and the folding layers are disposed in an overlapped manner when being folded, wherein an accommodating space is formed between neighboring two of the folding layers, and the accommodating space is configured to accommodate an object; a through hole, disposed on the folding layer and is configured to prevent the object from sticking with the folding layer; and a reserved pad, protruding from an edge of each folding layer, wherein two surfaces of the reserved pad are respectively coplanar with two surfaces of said each folding layer. 2. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein the reserved pad is separately disposed on a connecting portion of neighboring two of the folding layers, and the reserved pad is disposed on one side of the accommodating space after the folding layers are folded. 3. The cushion structure according to claim 2, wherein the width of the reserved pad is smaller than the width of said each the folding layer. 4. The cushion structure according to claim 3, wherein neighboring two of the reserved pads are separated from each other with a distance. 5. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein the reserved pads are disposed at the same sides of the connecting portions of the folding layers. 6. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein a slit is formed between two neighboring reserved pads. 7. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein neighboring two of the folding layers are integrally formed. 8. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of through holes are disposed on each folding layer, and the through holes are rectangular holes which are distributed on each folding layer in a rectangular array. 9. The cushion structure according to claim 8, wherein the four inner corners of each rectangular hole are filleted. 10. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of through holes are disposed on each folding layer, and the through holes are circular holes which are distributed on each folding layer in a rectangular array. 11. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein the through hole is an elliptic-shaped, a regular pentagonal shaped, or a regular hexagonal shaped. 12. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein the folding layers are expandable polyethylene components. 13. The cushion structure according to claim 1, wherein a width of each folding layer is greater than or equal to a width of the object. 14. A cushion structure, comprising:
a cushion pad including a multi-layered folding structure and a plurality of folding layers, wherein one end of one folding layer is connected to one head of another folding layer neighboring to said one of the folding layers, and the folding layers are disposed in an overlapped manner after being folded, wherein an accommodating space is formed between neighboring two of the folding layers, and the accommodating space is configured to accommodate an object; a through hole, disposed on each folding layer and prevents the object from sticking with the folding layer, wherein the amounts of the through holes are four, and the four through holes are distributed on each folding layer in a rectangular array; and a reserved pad, protruding from an edge of each folding layer, wherein two surfaces of the reserved pad are respectively coplanar with two surfaces of said each folding layer. 15. The cushion structure according to claim 14, wherein the reserved pad is separately disposed on a connecting portion of neighboring two of the folding layers, and the reserved pad is disposed on one side of the accommodating space after the folding layers are folded. 16. The cushion structure according to claim 15, wherein the width of the reserved pad is smaller than the width of each of the folding layers. 17. The cushion structure according to claim 16, wherein neighboring two of the reserved pads are separated from each other with a distance. 18. The cushion structure according to claim 14, wherein the reserved pads are disposed at the same sides of the connecting portions of the folding layers. 19. The cushion structure according to claim 14, wherein a slit is formed between two neighboring reserved pads. 20. A package box, comprising:
a box body; and a cushion structure according to claim 1 disposed in the box body. | 1,600 |
345,250 | 16,643,129 | 1,613 | Disclosed is a quantum dot composition comprising: a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate copolymer resin, or a combination thereof; a quantum dot concentrate including a plurality of nanoparticle quantum dots and an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, or a combination thereof; and a compatibilizer for promoting dispersion of the nanoparticle quantum dots in the quantum dot composition. The compatibilizer includes a transesterification catalyst, a physical compatibilizer, a plurality of semiconductor nanopartides passivated with a metal oxide, or a combination thereof. Further disclosed is a method for making a quantum dot composition, the method including: forming a quantum dot concentrate by combining a plurality of nanoparticle quantum dots with an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer or a combination thereof; and combining the quantum dot concentrate with a compatibilizer and a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate copolymer resin, or a combination thereof. | 1. A quantum dot composition comprising:
a. a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate copolymer resin, or a combination thereof; b. a quantum dot concentrate comprising a plurality of nanoparticle quantum dots and an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, or a combination thereof; and c. a compatibilizer for promoting dispersion of the nanoparticle quantum dots in the quantum dot composition. 2. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a transesterification catalyst, a physical compatibilizer, a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles passivated with a metal oxide, or a combination thereof. 3. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition further comprises an additional content of acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, or a combination thereof. 4. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition comprises from about 0.0001 wt % to about 10 wt % nanoparticle quantum dots. 5. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition comprises from about 0.0001 wt % to about 5 wt % compatibilizer. 6. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a transesterification catalyst comprising: a Lewis acid catalyst; an alkoxide of titanium(IV); a basic compound including nitrogen; or a combination thereof. 7. The quantum dot composition according to claim 6, wherein the transesterification catalyst comprises SnCl2 or SnCl2·2H2O. 8. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a physical compatibilizer comprising silica, metal oxide, glass beads, carbon black, clay, chalk, or a combination thereof. 9. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles passivated with a metal oxide, and the metal oxide comprises alumina (AlOx), magnesium oxide (MgO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon oxide (SiOx), chromium oxide (CrO2), copper oxide (CuO2), cobalt oxide (CoO), iron oxide (FeO2), vanadium oxide (VOx), or a combination thereof. 10. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition comprises from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % compatibilizer. 11. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition exhibits a transmission in the visible spectrum of at least about 40% at a sample thickness of 0.5 millimeter (mm). 12. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition exhibits a transmission that is at least about 30% greater than the transmission of a substantially similar reference quantum dot composition that does not include the compatibilizer. 13. An article comprising the quantum dot composition according to claim 1. 14. The article according to claim 13, wherein the article is a film for a display of an electronic device. 15. The article according to claim 14, wherein the electronic device is a mobile device, a tablet device, a gaming system, a handheld electronic device, a wearable device, a television, a desktop computer, or a laptop computer. 16. A method for making a quantum dot composition, comprising:
a. combining a plurality of nanoparticle quantum dots with an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer or a combination thereof to form a quantum dot concentrate; and b. combining the quantum dot concentrate with: a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate copolymer resin, or a combination thereof; and a compatibilizer for promoting dispersion of the nanoparticle quantum dots in the quantum dot composition. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising extruding the quantum dot composition into a film. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a transesterification catalyst, a physical compatibilizer, a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles passivated with a metal oxide, or a combination thereof. 19. The method according to any of claims 16, further comprising combining the quantum dot concentrate with an additional content of acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, or a combination thereof. 20. The method according to any of claims 16, wherein the quantum dot composition comprises from about 0.0001 wt % to about 10 wt % nanoparticle quantum dots. | Disclosed is a quantum dot composition comprising: a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate copolymer resin, or a combination thereof; a quantum dot concentrate including a plurality of nanoparticle quantum dots and an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, or a combination thereof; and a compatibilizer for promoting dispersion of the nanoparticle quantum dots in the quantum dot composition. The compatibilizer includes a transesterification catalyst, a physical compatibilizer, a plurality of semiconductor nanopartides passivated with a metal oxide, or a combination thereof. Further disclosed is a method for making a quantum dot composition, the method including: forming a quantum dot concentrate by combining a plurality of nanoparticle quantum dots with an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer or a combination thereof; and combining the quantum dot concentrate with a compatibilizer and a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate copolymer resin, or a combination thereof.1. A quantum dot composition comprising:
a. a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate copolymer resin, or a combination thereof; b. a quantum dot concentrate comprising a plurality of nanoparticle quantum dots and an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, or a combination thereof; and c. a compatibilizer for promoting dispersion of the nanoparticle quantum dots in the quantum dot composition. 2. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a transesterification catalyst, a physical compatibilizer, a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles passivated with a metal oxide, or a combination thereof. 3. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition further comprises an additional content of acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, or a combination thereof. 4. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition comprises from about 0.0001 wt % to about 10 wt % nanoparticle quantum dots. 5. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition comprises from about 0.0001 wt % to about 5 wt % compatibilizer. 6. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a transesterification catalyst comprising: a Lewis acid catalyst; an alkoxide of titanium(IV); a basic compound including nitrogen; or a combination thereof. 7. The quantum dot composition according to claim 6, wherein the transesterification catalyst comprises SnCl2 or SnCl2·2H2O. 8. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a physical compatibilizer comprising silica, metal oxide, glass beads, carbon black, clay, chalk, or a combination thereof. 9. The quantum dot composition according to claim 2, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles passivated with a metal oxide, and the metal oxide comprises alumina (AlOx), magnesium oxide (MgO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon oxide (SiOx), chromium oxide (CrO2), copper oxide (CuO2), cobalt oxide (CoO), iron oxide (FeO2), vanadium oxide (VOx), or a combination thereof. 10. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition comprises from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % compatibilizer. 11. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition exhibits a transmission in the visible spectrum of at least about 40% at a sample thickness of 0.5 millimeter (mm). 12. The quantum dot composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantum dot composition exhibits a transmission that is at least about 30% greater than the transmission of a substantially similar reference quantum dot composition that does not include the compatibilizer. 13. An article comprising the quantum dot composition according to claim 1. 14. The article according to claim 13, wherein the article is a film for a display of an electronic device. 15. The article according to claim 14, wherein the electronic device is a mobile device, a tablet device, a gaming system, a handheld electronic device, a wearable device, a television, a desktop computer, or a laptop computer. 16. A method for making a quantum dot composition, comprising:
a. combining a plurality of nanoparticle quantum dots with an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer or a combination thereof to form a quantum dot concentrate; and b. combining the quantum dot concentrate with: a polycarbonate resin, a polycarbonate copolymer resin, or a combination thereof; and a compatibilizer for promoting dispersion of the nanoparticle quantum dots in the quantum dot composition. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising extruding the quantum dot composition into a film. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the compatibilizer comprises a transesterification catalyst, a physical compatibilizer, a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles passivated with a metal oxide, or a combination thereof. 19. The method according to any of claims 16, further comprising combining the quantum dot concentrate with an additional content of acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, or a combination thereof. 20. The method according to any of claims 16, wherein the quantum dot composition comprises from about 0.0001 wt % to about 10 wt % nanoparticle quantum dots. | 1,600 |
345,251 | 16,643,147 | 1,613 | The present invention relates to a recombinant vaccine against Lawsonia intracellularis, based on a recombinant synthetic chimeric variant of membrane proteins and invasins of said bacteria. In addition, the invention discloses synthetic nucleotide sequences encoding said protein variants, recombinant proteins as such, an expression cassette of said synthetic protein antigens, a transformed cell, and a method for producing said antigens, demonstrating the antigenicity and protective potential thereof against the pathogen Lawsonia intracellularis. | 1. A nucleotide sequence encoding an antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, wherein it is a synthetic sequence comprising:
a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein that is selected from the group consisting of a synthetic invasin and a synthetic outer membrane protein, or a fragment thereof; and b) a nucleotide sequence encoding an epitope for the recognition of T or B lymphocytes, which is selected from the group consisting of the peptide sequences SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof. 2. The nucleotide sequences according to claim 1, wherein said Lawsonia synthetic outer membrane proteins are OMP1 and OMP2. 3. The nucleotide sequence according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic invasin sequence comprises a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, or any variant derived therefrom. 4. The nucleotide sequence according to claim 2, wherein the sequence of the synthetic outer membrane protein OMP1 comprises a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, or any variant derived therefrom. 5. The nucleotide sequence according to claim 2, wherein the sequence of the synthetic outer membrane protein OMP2 comprises a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or any variant derived therefrom. 6. An antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, wherein it is a synthetic protein that comprises:
a) a protein that is selected from the group consisting of a synthetic invasin and a synthetic outer membrane protein, or a fragment thereof; and b) an epitope for the recognition of T or B lymphocytes, whose peptide sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof. 7. The antigen according to claim 6, wherein the synthetic invasin sequence comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, or any variant derived therefrom. 8. The antigen according to claim 6, wherein the sequence of the synthetic outer membrane protein OMP1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5, or any variant derived therefrom. 9. The antigen according to claim 6, wherein the sequence of the synthetic outer membrane protein OMP2 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, or any variant derived therefrom. 10. An expression cassette encoding an antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, comprising:
a) a nucleotide sequence promoting transcription; b) a nucleotide sequence encoding an antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia corresponding to a synthetic sequence comprising:
i. a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein that is selected from the group consisting of a synthetic invasin and a synthetic outer membrane protein, or a fragment thereof; and
ii. a nucleotide sequence encoding an epitope for recognition of T or B lymphocytes, which is selected from the group consisting of the peptide sequences SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof;
wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding the antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia is operatively linked to the nucleotide sequence of a); and
c) a transcription terminator operatively linked to the nucleotide sequence of b). 11. The expression cassette according to claim 10, comprising, in tandem repeats, the expression cassettes encoding the synthetic invasin proteins and the synthetic outer membrane proteins OMP1 and OMP2. 12. A vaccine against a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, comprising at least one antigen that is selected from the group consisting of:
a synthetic invasin protein comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, or any variant derived therefrom; a synthetic outer membrane protein OMP1 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5, or any variant derived therefrom; a synthetic outer membrane protein OMP2 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, or any variant derived therefrom; and a combination of the above. 13. The vaccine according to claim 12, comprising the combination of the three synthetic proteins and porcine interferon alfa. 14. A method for the production of antigens of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, comprising:
a) providing an expression cassette operatively inserted into an expression vector, said expression cassette includes a synthetic nucleotide sequence comprising:
i. a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein that is selected from the group consisting of a synthetic invasin and a synthetic outer membrane protein, or a fragment thereof; and
ii. a nucleotide sequence encoding an epitope for recognition of T or B lymphocytes, which is selected from the group consisting of the peptide sequences SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof or a fragment thereof or a combination thereof;
b) transforming a cell with the vector of a); c) obtaining a synthetic antigen from the culture of the transformed cell of b). 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the expression cassette comprises, in tandem repeats, the expression cassettes encoding the synthetic invasin proteins and the synthetic outer membrane proteins OMP1 and OMP2. | The present invention relates to a recombinant vaccine against Lawsonia intracellularis, based on a recombinant synthetic chimeric variant of membrane proteins and invasins of said bacteria. In addition, the invention discloses synthetic nucleotide sequences encoding said protein variants, recombinant proteins as such, an expression cassette of said synthetic protein antigens, a transformed cell, and a method for producing said antigens, demonstrating the antigenicity and protective potential thereof against the pathogen Lawsonia intracellularis.1. A nucleotide sequence encoding an antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, wherein it is a synthetic sequence comprising:
a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein that is selected from the group consisting of a synthetic invasin and a synthetic outer membrane protein, or a fragment thereof; and b) a nucleotide sequence encoding an epitope for the recognition of T or B lymphocytes, which is selected from the group consisting of the peptide sequences SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof. 2. The nucleotide sequences according to claim 1, wherein said Lawsonia synthetic outer membrane proteins are OMP1 and OMP2. 3. The nucleotide sequence according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic invasin sequence comprises a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, or any variant derived therefrom. 4. The nucleotide sequence according to claim 2, wherein the sequence of the synthetic outer membrane protein OMP1 comprises a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, or any variant derived therefrom. 5. The nucleotide sequence according to claim 2, wherein the sequence of the synthetic outer membrane protein OMP2 comprises a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or any variant derived therefrom. 6. An antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, wherein it is a synthetic protein that comprises:
a) a protein that is selected from the group consisting of a synthetic invasin and a synthetic outer membrane protein, or a fragment thereof; and b) an epitope for the recognition of T or B lymphocytes, whose peptide sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof. 7. The antigen according to claim 6, wherein the synthetic invasin sequence comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, or any variant derived therefrom. 8. The antigen according to claim 6, wherein the sequence of the synthetic outer membrane protein OMP1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5, or any variant derived therefrom. 9. The antigen according to claim 6, wherein the sequence of the synthetic outer membrane protein OMP2 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, or any variant derived therefrom. 10. An expression cassette encoding an antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, comprising:
a) a nucleotide sequence promoting transcription; b) a nucleotide sequence encoding an antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia corresponding to a synthetic sequence comprising:
i. a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein that is selected from the group consisting of a synthetic invasin and a synthetic outer membrane protein, or a fragment thereof; and
ii. a nucleotide sequence encoding an epitope for recognition of T or B lymphocytes, which is selected from the group consisting of the peptide sequences SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof;
wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding the antigen of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia is operatively linked to the nucleotide sequence of a); and
c) a transcription terminator operatively linked to the nucleotide sequence of b). 11. The expression cassette according to claim 10, comprising, in tandem repeats, the expression cassettes encoding the synthetic invasin proteins and the synthetic outer membrane proteins OMP1 and OMP2. 12. A vaccine against a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, comprising at least one antigen that is selected from the group consisting of:
a synthetic invasin protein comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, or any variant derived therefrom; a synthetic outer membrane protein OMP1 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5, or any variant derived therefrom; a synthetic outer membrane protein OMP2 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, or any variant derived therefrom; and a combination of the above. 13. The vaccine according to claim 12, comprising the combination of the three synthetic proteins and porcine interferon alfa. 14. A method for the production of antigens of a bacterium of the genus Lawsonia, comprising:
a) providing an expression cassette operatively inserted into an expression vector, said expression cassette includes a synthetic nucleotide sequence comprising:
i. a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein that is selected from the group consisting of a synthetic invasin and a synthetic outer membrane protein, or a fragment thereof; and
ii. a nucleotide sequence encoding an epitope for recognition of T or B lymphocytes, which is selected from the group consisting of the peptide sequences SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10, or a combination thereof or a fragment thereof or a combination thereof;
b) transforming a cell with the vector of a); c) obtaining a synthetic antigen from the culture of the transformed cell of b). 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the expression cassette comprises, in tandem repeats, the expression cassettes encoding the synthetic invasin proteins and the synthetic outer membrane proteins OMP1 and OMP2. | 1,600 |
345,252 | 16,643,170 | 1,613 | An integrated circuit chip and a manufacturing method therefor, and a gate drive circuit, the integrated circuit chip comprising: a semiconductor substrate (103), a high voltage island (101 a) being formed in the semiconductor substrate (103); a high voltage junction terminal (102 a), the high voltage junction terminal (102 a) surrounding the high voltage island (101 a), a depletion type MOS device (N1) being formed on the high voltage junction terminal (102 a), a gate electrode and a drain electrode of the depletion type MOS device (N1) being short connected, and a source electrode of the depletion type MOS device (N1) being connected to a high side power supply end (VB) of the integrated circuit chip; and a bipolar transistor (Q1), a collector electrode of the bipolar transistor (Q1) being short connected to the substrate and being connected to a low side power supply end (VCC) of the integrated circuit chip, an emitter of the bipolar transistor (Q1) being connected to a gate electrode of the depletion type MOS device (N1). | 1. An integrated circuit chip, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate, in which a high-voltage island for manufacturing a high-voltage gate driving circuit is formed; a high-voltage junction terminal surrounding the high-voltage island, the high-voltage junction terminal including a depletion mode MOS formed around the high voltage island, a gate and a drain of the depletion mode MOS being short-circuited, and a source of the depletion mode MOS being connected to a high-side power source terminal; and a bipolar transistor, a collector and a base of the bipolar transistor being short-circuited, the collector of the bipolar transistor being connected to a low-side power source terminal, and an emitter of the bipolar transistor being connected to the gate of the depletion mode MOS. 2. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage island is tetragonal and the depletion mode MOS is formed on three adjacent sides of the high-voltage island. 3. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 2, wherein a high-level shift device is formed on a fourth side of the high voltage island other than the three sides. 4. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 1, wherein the depletion mode MOS comprises:
a first well region of a first conductivity type and a second well region of a second conductivity type which are formed on the semiconductor substrate and adjacent to each other; an active region of the first conductivity type formed in the first well region; a drain and a third well region which are of the second conductivity type formed in the second well region; a source of the second conductivity type formed in the third well region; an isolation structure formed in the semiconductor substrate and located in between the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, and the source of the second conductivity type; and a polysilicon field plate formed on the isolation structure between the drain of the second conductivity type and the source of the second conductivity type. 5. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 4, wherein the depletion mode MOS further comprises:
a first buried layer of the first conductivity type formed between the first well region and the semiconductor substrate; and a second buried layer of the second conductivity type formed between the third well region and the semiconductor substrate. 6. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 4, wherein the depletion mode MOS further comprises:
a first dielectric layer covering the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, the source of the second conductivity type, and the polysilicon field plate; a contact hole formed in the first dielectric layer filled with a conductive material; and metal lead-outs connected to the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, the source region of the second conductivity type, and the polysilicon field plate through the contact hole; wherein the drain of the second conductivity type and the polysilicon field plate are connected to the same metal lead-out. 7. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 1, wherein the bipolar transistor is formed in an area of the semiconductor substrate located outside the high-voltage junction terminal. 8. A method for manufacturing an integrated circuit chip, comprising:
providing a semiconductor substrate, and forming a high-voltage island for manufacturing a high-voltage gate driving circuit in the semiconductor substrate; forming a high-voltage junction terminal in the semiconductor substrate, wherein the high-voltage junction terminal surrounds the high voltage island, the high-voltage junction terminal includes a depletion mode MOS formed around the high voltage island, a gate and a drain of the depletion mode MOS are short-circuited, and a source of the depletion mode MOS is connected to a high-side power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip; and forming a bipolar transistor in the semiconductor substrate, wherein a collector and a base of the bipolar transistor are short-circuited, the collector of the bipolar transistor is connected to the low-side power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip, and an emitter of the bipolar transistor is connected to a gate of the depletion mode MOS device. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the high-voltage island is tetragonal and the depletion mode MOS is formed on three adjacent sides of the high-voltage island. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
forming a high-level shift device on a fourth side of the high-voltage island other than the three sides. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the step of forming the depletion mode MOS comprises:
forming a first well region of a first conductivity type and a second well region of a second conductivity type on the semiconductor substrate adjacent to each other; forming an active region of the first conductivity type in the first well region; forming a drain and a third well region of the second conductivity type in the second well region; forming a source region of the second conductivity type in the third well region; forming an isolation structure between the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, and the source region of the second conductivity type; and forming a polysilicon field plate on the isolation structure between the drain of the second conductivity type and the source region of the second conductivity type. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of forming the depletion mode MOS in the high-voltage junction terminal further comprises:
forming a first buried layer of the first conductivity type between the first well region and the semiconductor substrate; and forming a second buried layer of the second conductivity type between the third well region and the semiconductor substrate. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of forming the depletion mode MOS further comprises:
forming a first dielectric layer covering the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, the source region of the second conductivity type, and the polysilicon field plate; forming a contact hole filled with a conductive material in the first dielectric layer; and forming metal lead-outs connected to the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, the source region of the second conductivity type, and the polysilicon field plate through the contact hole, wherein the drain of the second conductivity type and the polysilicon field plate are connected to the same metal lead-out. 14. The method according to claim 8, wherein the bipolar transistor is formed in a region in the semiconductor substrate located outside the high-voltage junction terminal. 15. A gate driving circuit, comprising an integrated circuit chip according to claim 1, and a resistor, a bootstrap capacitor, a first power transistor, and a second power transistor, wherein a low-side power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip is connected to a working power source through the resistor, a first terminal of the bootstrap capacitor is connected to a high-side power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip, a second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor is connected to a floating power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip, a gate of the first power transistor is connected to a high-terminal output of the integrated circuit chip, a source of the first power transistor is connected to the working power source, a drain of the first power transistor is connected to the floating power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip and a drain of the second power transistor, a gate of the second power transistor is connected to a low-side output terminal of the integrated circuit chip, and a source of the second power transistor is connected to a ground terminal of the integrated circuit chip. | An integrated circuit chip and a manufacturing method therefor, and a gate drive circuit, the integrated circuit chip comprising: a semiconductor substrate (103), a high voltage island (101 a) being formed in the semiconductor substrate (103); a high voltage junction terminal (102 a), the high voltage junction terminal (102 a) surrounding the high voltage island (101 a), a depletion type MOS device (N1) being formed on the high voltage junction terminal (102 a), a gate electrode and a drain electrode of the depletion type MOS device (N1) being short connected, and a source electrode of the depletion type MOS device (N1) being connected to a high side power supply end (VB) of the integrated circuit chip; and a bipolar transistor (Q1), a collector electrode of the bipolar transistor (Q1) being short connected to the substrate and being connected to a low side power supply end (VCC) of the integrated circuit chip, an emitter of the bipolar transistor (Q1) being connected to a gate electrode of the depletion type MOS device (N1).1. An integrated circuit chip, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate, in which a high-voltage island for manufacturing a high-voltage gate driving circuit is formed; a high-voltage junction terminal surrounding the high-voltage island, the high-voltage junction terminal including a depletion mode MOS formed around the high voltage island, a gate and a drain of the depletion mode MOS being short-circuited, and a source of the depletion mode MOS being connected to a high-side power source terminal; and a bipolar transistor, a collector and a base of the bipolar transistor being short-circuited, the collector of the bipolar transistor being connected to a low-side power source terminal, and an emitter of the bipolar transistor being connected to the gate of the depletion mode MOS. 2. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage island is tetragonal and the depletion mode MOS is formed on three adjacent sides of the high-voltage island. 3. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 2, wherein a high-level shift device is formed on a fourth side of the high voltage island other than the three sides. 4. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 1, wherein the depletion mode MOS comprises:
a first well region of a first conductivity type and a second well region of a second conductivity type which are formed on the semiconductor substrate and adjacent to each other; an active region of the first conductivity type formed in the first well region; a drain and a third well region which are of the second conductivity type formed in the second well region; a source of the second conductivity type formed in the third well region; an isolation structure formed in the semiconductor substrate and located in between the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, and the source of the second conductivity type; and a polysilicon field plate formed on the isolation structure between the drain of the second conductivity type and the source of the second conductivity type. 5. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 4, wherein the depletion mode MOS further comprises:
a first buried layer of the first conductivity type formed between the first well region and the semiconductor substrate; and a second buried layer of the second conductivity type formed between the third well region and the semiconductor substrate. 6. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 4, wherein the depletion mode MOS further comprises:
a first dielectric layer covering the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, the source of the second conductivity type, and the polysilicon field plate; a contact hole formed in the first dielectric layer filled with a conductive material; and metal lead-outs connected to the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, the source region of the second conductivity type, and the polysilicon field plate through the contact hole; wherein the drain of the second conductivity type and the polysilicon field plate are connected to the same metal lead-out. 7. The integrated circuit chip according to claim 1, wherein the bipolar transistor is formed in an area of the semiconductor substrate located outside the high-voltage junction terminal. 8. A method for manufacturing an integrated circuit chip, comprising:
providing a semiconductor substrate, and forming a high-voltage island for manufacturing a high-voltage gate driving circuit in the semiconductor substrate; forming a high-voltage junction terminal in the semiconductor substrate, wherein the high-voltage junction terminal surrounds the high voltage island, the high-voltage junction terminal includes a depletion mode MOS formed around the high voltage island, a gate and a drain of the depletion mode MOS are short-circuited, and a source of the depletion mode MOS is connected to a high-side power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip; and forming a bipolar transistor in the semiconductor substrate, wherein a collector and a base of the bipolar transistor are short-circuited, the collector of the bipolar transistor is connected to the low-side power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip, and an emitter of the bipolar transistor is connected to a gate of the depletion mode MOS device. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the high-voltage island is tetragonal and the depletion mode MOS is formed on three adjacent sides of the high-voltage island. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
forming a high-level shift device on a fourth side of the high-voltage island other than the three sides. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the step of forming the depletion mode MOS comprises:
forming a first well region of a first conductivity type and a second well region of a second conductivity type on the semiconductor substrate adjacent to each other; forming an active region of the first conductivity type in the first well region; forming a drain and a third well region of the second conductivity type in the second well region; forming a source region of the second conductivity type in the third well region; forming an isolation structure between the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, and the source region of the second conductivity type; and forming a polysilicon field plate on the isolation structure between the drain of the second conductivity type and the source region of the second conductivity type. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of forming the depletion mode MOS in the high-voltage junction terminal further comprises:
forming a first buried layer of the first conductivity type between the first well region and the semiconductor substrate; and forming a second buried layer of the second conductivity type between the third well region and the semiconductor substrate. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of forming the depletion mode MOS further comprises:
forming a first dielectric layer covering the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, the source region of the second conductivity type, and the polysilicon field plate; forming a contact hole filled with a conductive material in the first dielectric layer; and forming metal lead-outs connected to the active region of the first conductivity type, the drain of the second conductivity type, the source region of the second conductivity type, and the polysilicon field plate through the contact hole, wherein the drain of the second conductivity type and the polysilicon field plate are connected to the same metal lead-out. 14. The method according to claim 8, wherein the bipolar transistor is formed in a region in the semiconductor substrate located outside the high-voltage junction terminal. 15. A gate driving circuit, comprising an integrated circuit chip according to claim 1, and a resistor, a bootstrap capacitor, a first power transistor, and a second power transistor, wherein a low-side power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip is connected to a working power source through the resistor, a first terminal of the bootstrap capacitor is connected to a high-side power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip, a second terminal of the bootstrap capacitor is connected to a floating power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip, a gate of the first power transistor is connected to a high-terminal output of the integrated circuit chip, a source of the first power transistor is connected to the working power source, a drain of the first power transistor is connected to the floating power source terminal of the integrated circuit chip and a drain of the second power transistor, a gate of the second power transistor is connected to a low-side output terminal of the integrated circuit chip, and a source of the second power transistor is connected to a ground terminal of the integrated circuit chip. | 1,600 |
345,253 | 16,643,169 | 1,613 | An electromechanical stator includes an actuator section, a support section and a spring section. A continuous sheet of elastic material constitutes at least a part of each of these sections. The actuator section includes a vibration body and a moved-body interaction portion. The vibration body includes an electromechanical volume. The spring section is elastic, with a spring constant, enabling provision of a normal force in the vibration direction upon displacement of the fixation point. Also an electromechanical motor and a method of operating such an electromechanical motor are disclosed. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. An electromechanical stator comprising an actuator section, a support section and a spring section;
wherein a continuous sheet of elastic material constitutes at least a part of said actuator section, at least a part of said support section and at least a part of said spring section; said actuator section comprising a vibration assembly comprising at least one vibration body and a moved-body interaction portion; said vibration body comprising an electromechanical volume attached to a part of said continuous sheet of elastic material, wherein said vibration body being arranged for causing bending vibrations, in a vibration direction transverse to the plane of said continuous sheet of elastic material, when alternating voltages are applied to said electromechanical volume; said support section being attached between said actuator section and said spring section; said support section is connected with at least one fixation point via said spring section; wherein said spring section is elastic, with a spring constant, regarding displacements, in said vibration direction, of said fixation point relative to a connection point between said spring section and said support section, thereby enabling provision of a normal force in said vibration direction on said moved-body interaction portion upon displacement of said fixation point in said vibration direction. 14. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of at least said spring section being, in a state free from elastic deformation, flat. 15. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said support section is adapted for at least partially prohibiting rotational movements of said actuator section to propagate to said spring section. 16. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said support section and said spring section together constitutes a low-pass filter of vibrations between said actuator section and said fixation point. 17. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. 18. The electromechanical stator according to claim 17, wherein said at least one limited path has a smaller average cross-section area than an average cross-section along a closest path between said connection points and attachment members between said actuator section and said support section. 19. The electromechanical stator according to claim 17, wherein said at least one limited path is curved. 20. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said vibration assembly comprises two said vibration bodies, interconnected by said moved-body interaction portion. 21. An electromechanical motor comprising:
an electromechanical stator according to claim 13; a body to be moved; and a voltage supply arranged to supply alternating voltages to said electromechanical volume of said vibration body. 22. An electromechanical motor according to claim 21, wherein said voltage supply is arranged to supply said alternating voltages at an operation frequency at least five times above a frequency of: 23. A method for operating an electromechanical motor, said electromechanical motor comprising an electromechanical stator having an actuator section, a support section and a spring section, wherein a continuous sheet of elastic material constitutes at least a part of said actuator section, at least a part of said support section and at least a part of said spring section, said actuator section comprising a vibration assembly comprising at least one vibration body and a moved-body interaction portion, said vibration body comprising an electromechanical volume attached to a part of said continuous sheet of elastic material, said support section being attached between said actuator section and said spring section, wherein said support section is connected with at least one fixation point via said spring section, wherein said spring section is elastic, with a spring constant, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a normal force in a vibration direction, transverse to the plane of said continuous sheet of elastic material, on said moved-body interaction portion by displacing said fixation point in said vibration direction relative to a connection point between said spring section and said support section; and applying alternating voltages to said electromechanical volume, causing said vibration body to perform bending vibrations in said vibration direction. 24. The method according to claim 23, comprising the further step of:
tuning said applied alternating voltages an operation frequency above a lowest natural resonance frequency of the entire electromechanical stator. 25. The electromechanical stator according to claim 14, wherein said support section is adapted for at least partially prohibiting rotational movements of said actuator section to propagate to said spring section. 26. The electromechanical stator according to claim 14, wherein said support section and said spring section together constitutes a low-pass filter of vibrations between said actuator section and said fixation point. 27. The electromechanical stator according to claim 15, wherein said support section and said spring section together constitutes a low-pass filter of vibrations between said actuator section and said fixation point. 28. The electromechanical stator according to claim 25, wherein said support section and said spring section together constitutes a low-pass filter of vibrations between said actuator section and said fixation point. 29. The electromechanical stator according to claim 14, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. 30. The electromechanical stator according to claim 15, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. 31. The electromechanical stator according to claim 16, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. 32. The electromechanical stator according to claim 25, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. | An electromechanical stator includes an actuator section, a support section and a spring section. A continuous sheet of elastic material constitutes at least a part of each of these sections. The actuator section includes a vibration body and a moved-body interaction portion. The vibration body includes an electromechanical volume. The spring section is elastic, with a spring constant, enabling provision of a normal force in the vibration direction upon displacement of the fixation point. Also an electromechanical motor and a method of operating such an electromechanical motor are disclosed.1-12. (canceled) 13. An electromechanical stator comprising an actuator section, a support section and a spring section;
wherein a continuous sheet of elastic material constitutes at least a part of said actuator section, at least a part of said support section and at least a part of said spring section; said actuator section comprising a vibration assembly comprising at least one vibration body and a moved-body interaction portion; said vibration body comprising an electromechanical volume attached to a part of said continuous sheet of elastic material, wherein said vibration body being arranged for causing bending vibrations, in a vibration direction transverse to the plane of said continuous sheet of elastic material, when alternating voltages are applied to said electromechanical volume; said support section being attached between said actuator section and said spring section; said support section is connected with at least one fixation point via said spring section; wherein said spring section is elastic, with a spring constant, regarding displacements, in said vibration direction, of said fixation point relative to a connection point between said spring section and said support section, thereby enabling provision of a normal force in said vibration direction on said moved-body interaction portion upon displacement of said fixation point in said vibration direction. 14. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of at least said spring section being, in a state free from elastic deformation, flat. 15. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said support section is adapted for at least partially prohibiting rotational movements of said actuator section to propagate to said spring section. 16. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said support section and said spring section together constitutes a low-pass filter of vibrations between said actuator section and said fixation point. 17. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. 18. The electromechanical stator according to claim 17, wherein said at least one limited path has a smaller average cross-section area than an average cross-section along a closest path between said connection points and attachment members between said actuator section and said support section. 19. The electromechanical stator according to claim 17, wherein said at least one limited path is curved. 20. The electromechanical stator according to claim 13, wherein said vibration assembly comprises two said vibration bodies, interconnected by said moved-body interaction portion. 21. An electromechanical motor comprising:
an electromechanical stator according to claim 13; a body to be moved; and a voltage supply arranged to supply alternating voltages to said electromechanical volume of said vibration body. 22. An electromechanical motor according to claim 21, wherein said voltage supply is arranged to supply said alternating voltages at an operation frequency at least five times above a frequency of: 23. A method for operating an electromechanical motor, said electromechanical motor comprising an electromechanical stator having an actuator section, a support section and a spring section, wherein a continuous sheet of elastic material constitutes at least a part of said actuator section, at least a part of said support section and at least a part of said spring section, said actuator section comprising a vibration assembly comprising at least one vibration body and a moved-body interaction portion, said vibration body comprising an electromechanical volume attached to a part of said continuous sheet of elastic material, said support section being attached between said actuator section and said spring section, wherein said support section is connected with at least one fixation point via said spring section, wherein said spring section is elastic, with a spring constant, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a normal force in a vibration direction, transverse to the plane of said continuous sheet of elastic material, on said moved-body interaction portion by displacing said fixation point in said vibration direction relative to a connection point between said spring section and said support section; and applying alternating voltages to said electromechanical volume, causing said vibration body to perform bending vibrations in said vibration direction. 24. The method according to claim 23, comprising the further step of:
tuning said applied alternating voltages an operation frequency above a lowest natural resonance frequency of the entire electromechanical stator. 25. The electromechanical stator according to claim 14, wherein said support section is adapted for at least partially prohibiting rotational movements of said actuator section to propagate to said spring section. 26. The electromechanical stator according to claim 14, wherein said support section and said spring section together constitutes a low-pass filter of vibrations between said actuator section and said fixation point. 27. The electromechanical stator according to claim 15, wherein said support section and said spring section together constitutes a low-pass filter of vibrations between said actuator section and said fixation point. 28. The electromechanical stator according to claim 25, wherein said support section and said spring section together constitutes a low-pass filter of vibrations between said actuator section and said fixation point. 29. The electromechanical stator according to claim 14, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. 30. The electromechanical stator according to claim 15, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. 31. The electromechanical stator according to claim 16, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. 32. The electromechanical stator according to claim 25, wherein said continuous sheet of elastic material of said spring section has a pattern of cuts, providing at least one limited path between connection points to said support section and said fixation point. | 1,600 |
345,254 | 16,643,127 | 1,613 | The present disclosure relates to a compound of formulae (I) or (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a solvate, a hydrate thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formulae (I) or (II), and use thereof, wherein various Markush groups are as described herein. | 1. A compound of formula (I) or formula (II), 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein in Formula (I),
if Qb is 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from: 4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from: 5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, wherein R1 is each independently hydrogen, halogen, or —N(Rc1)2, and Rc1 is each independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-6 alkyl-, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, (3-6 membered heterocyclyl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered aryl, (5-6 membered aryl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, or (5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C1-6 alkyl-. 6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein X2 and Y2 are each independently —SH, OH, or BH3 −, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 7. The compound of any one of claims 1-6, wherein Ra2aRa2b, Rb3a, Rb3b, R3b2a and R3b2b are each independently selected from H, halogen, —OH, or —O(C1-3 alkyl). 8. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, wherein Ra2aRa2b, Rb3a, Rb3b, R3b2a and R3b2b are each independently selected from H, F or OH. 9. The compound of any one of claims 1-8, wherein X3, X4, Y3, and Y4 are each O. 10. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, wherein Z1 and Z2 are each O. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (I-X) or (II-X): 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 − and the other is SH or OH. 13. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein:
X2 is BH3 −, and Y2 is SH4 or OH. 14. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein:
X2 is SH or OH; and Y2 is BH3 −. 15. The compound of any one of claims 1-14, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from 16. The compound of claim 15, wherein Ra2a, Ra2b, Rb3a, Rb3b, R3b2a and R3b2b are each independently selected from H or F. 17. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-X), wherein:
Qa and Qb are each 18. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-X), wherein:
Qa and Qb are each 19. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-X), wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from 20. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof. 21. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-A): 22. The compound of claim 21, wherein Z1 and Z2 are each O. 23. The compound of claim 21 or 22, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 24. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-B): 25. The compound of claim 24, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 26. The compound of claim 24, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 27. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-C): 28. The compound of claim 27, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 29. The compound of claim 27, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 30. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-D): 31. The compound of claim 30, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 32. The compound of claim 30, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 33. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-E): 34. The compound of claim 33, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 35. The compound of claim 33, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 36. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-F): 37. The compound of claim 36, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 38. The compound of claim 36, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 39. The compound of any one of claims 20-38, wherein Qa and Qb are each 40. The compound of claim 39, wherein R1 is each independently hydrogen, halogen, or —N(Rc1)2, and Rc1 is each independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-6 alkyl-, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, (3-6 membered heterocyclyl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered aryl, (5-6 membered aryl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, or (5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C1-6 alkyl-. 41. The compound of any one of claims 20-38, wherein Qa and Qb are each 42. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof. 43. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-A): 44. The compound of claim 43, wherein Z1 and Z2 are each O. 45. The compound of claim 43 or 44, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 46. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-B): 47. The compound of claim 46, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 48. The compound of claim 46, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 49. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-C): 50. The compound of claim 49, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 51. The compound of claim 49, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 52. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-D): 53. The compound of claim 52, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 54. The compound of claim 52, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 55. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-F): 56. The compound of claim 55, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 57. The compound of claim 55, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 58. The compound of any one of claims 42-57, wherein Qa and Qb are each 59. The compound of claim 58, wherein R1 is each independently hydrogen, halogen, or —N(Rc1)2, and Rc1 is each independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-6 alkyl-, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, (3-6 membered heterocyclyl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered aryl, (5-6 membered aryl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, or (5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C1-6 alkyl-. 60. The compound of any one of claims 42-57, wherein Qa and Qb are each independently selected from 61. The compound of claim 1, wherein exactly one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 62. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-A′) or (II-A′): 63. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-A′″) or (II-A′″): 64. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-A″): 65. The compound of claim 21 having a structure of one of the following stereoisomers: 66. The compound of claim 43 having a structure of one of the following stereoisomers: 67. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from: 68. A compound of formula (A), 69. The compound of claim 68, wherein:
X2 and Y2 are each selected from —OH, —SH or BH3 −, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 70. The compound of claim 68 or 69, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from: 71. A compound formula (B), 72. The compound of claim 71, wherein:
X2 and Y2 are each selected from —OH, —SH or BH3 −, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 73. The compound of claim 71 or 72, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from: 74. The compound of claim 71, wherein R3b2a and R3b2b are each independently selected from H, F or OH. 75. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 76. A method for treating a disease or a condition in which the modulation of STING is beneficial in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof to the subject in need thereof. 77. A method for modulating STING comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof to the subject in need thereof. 78. A method for treating cancer comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof to the subject in need thereof. 79. A method for treating a disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof to the subject in need thereof,
wherein the disease is selected from cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, acute rejection of an organ transplant, allergic asthma or Crohn's disease. | The present disclosure relates to a compound of formulae (I) or (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a solvate, a hydrate thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formulae (I) or (II), and use thereof, wherein various Markush groups are as described herein.1. A compound of formula (I) or formula (II), 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein in Formula (I),
if Qb is 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from: 4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from: 5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, wherein R1 is each independently hydrogen, halogen, or —N(Rc1)2, and Rc1 is each independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-6 alkyl-, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, (3-6 membered heterocyclyl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered aryl, (5-6 membered aryl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, or (5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C1-6 alkyl-. 6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, wherein X2 and Y2 are each independently —SH, OH, or BH3 −, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 7. The compound of any one of claims 1-6, wherein Ra2aRa2b, Rb3a, Rb3b, R3b2a and R3b2b are each independently selected from H, halogen, —OH, or —O(C1-3 alkyl). 8. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, wherein Ra2aRa2b, Rb3a, Rb3b, R3b2a and R3b2b are each independently selected from H, F or OH. 9. The compound of any one of claims 1-8, wherein X3, X4, Y3, and Y4 are each O. 10. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, wherein Z1 and Z2 are each O. 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (I-X) or (II-X): 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 − and the other is SH or OH. 13. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein:
X2 is BH3 −, and Y2 is SH4 or OH. 14. The compound of any one of claims 1-12, wherein:
X2 is SH or OH; and Y2 is BH3 −. 15. The compound of any one of claims 1-14, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from 16. The compound of claim 15, wherein Ra2a, Ra2b, Rb3a, Rb3b, R3b2a and R3b2b are each independently selected from H or F. 17. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-X), wherein:
Qa and Qb are each 18. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-X), wherein:
Qa and Qb are each 19. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-X), wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from 20. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof. 21. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-A): 22. The compound of claim 21, wherein Z1 and Z2 are each O. 23. The compound of claim 21 or 22, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 24. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-B): 25. The compound of claim 24, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 26. The compound of claim 24, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 27. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-C): 28. The compound of claim 27, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 29. The compound of claim 27, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 30. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-D): 31. The compound of claim 30, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 32. The compound of claim 30, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 33. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-E): 34. The compound of claim 33, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 35. The compound of claim 33, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 36. The compound of claim 20, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-F): 37. The compound of claim 36, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 38. The compound of claim 36, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 39. The compound of any one of claims 20-38, wherein Qa and Qb are each 40. The compound of claim 39, wherein R1 is each independently hydrogen, halogen, or —N(Rc1)2, and Rc1 is each independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-6 alkyl-, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, (3-6 membered heterocyclyl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered aryl, (5-6 membered aryl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, or (5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C1-6 alkyl-. 41. The compound of any one of claims 20-38, wherein Qa and Qb are each 42. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof. 43. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-A): 44. The compound of claim 43, wherein Z1 and Z2 are each O. 45. The compound of claim 43 or 44, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 46. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-B): 47. The compound of claim 46, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 48. The compound of claim 46, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 49. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-C): 50. The compound of claim 49, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 51. The compound of claim 49, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 52. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-D): 53. The compound of claim 52, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 54. The compound of claim 52, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 55. The compound of claim 42, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (II-F): 56. The compound of claim 55, wherein
Y2 is BH3 −; and X2 is SH or OH. 57. The compound of claim 55, wherein
X2 is BH3 −; and Y2 is SH or OH. 58. The compound of any one of claims 42-57, wherein Qa and Qb are each 59. The compound of claim 58, wherein R1 is each independently hydrogen, halogen, or —N(Rc1)2, and Rc1 is each independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-6 alkyl-, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, (3-6 membered heterocyclyl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered aryl, (5-6 membered aryl)-C1-6 alkyl-, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, or (5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C1-6 alkyl-. 60. The compound of any one of claims 42-57, wherein Qa and Qb are each independently selected from 61. The compound of claim 1, wherein exactly one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 62. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-A′) or (II-A′): 63. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-A′″) or (II-A′″): 64. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of formula (I-A″): 65. The compound of claim 21 having a structure of one of the following stereoisomers: 66. The compound of claim 43 having a structure of one of the following stereoisomers: 67. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from: 68. A compound of formula (A), 69. The compound of claim 68, wherein:
X2 and Y2 are each selected from —OH, —SH or BH3 −, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 70. The compound of claim 68 or 69, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from: 71. A compound formula (B), 72. The compound of claim 71, wherein:
X2 and Y2 are each selected from —OH, —SH or BH3 −, wherein at least one of X2 and Y2 is BH3 −. 73. The compound of claim 71 or 72, wherein:
Qa and Qb are each independently selected from: 74. The compound of claim 71, wherein R3b2a and R3b2b are each independently selected from H, F or OH. 75. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 76. A method for treating a disease or a condition in which the modulation of STING is beneficial in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof to the subject in need thereof. 77. A method for modulating STING comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof to the subject in need thereof. 78. A method for treating cancer comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof to the subject in need thereof. 79. A method for treating a disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-74, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or hydrate thereof to the subject in need thereof,
wherein the disease is selected from cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, acute rejection of an organ transplant, allergic asthma or Crohn's disease. | 1,600 |
345,255 | 16,643,156 | 1,613 | The invention relates to a batch composition for producing a refractory product, a method for producing a refractory product, a refractory product, and to the use of a synthetic raw material. | 1. A batch for producing a refractory product comprising the following components:
1.1 a base component of at least one refractory ceramic raw material; and 1.2 at least one synthetic raw material with the following features:
1.2.1 the synthetic raw material consists of bodies, the bodies having the following features:
1.2.1.1 the bodies consist of grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material sintered together,
1.2.1.2. the bodies having a proportion of clay minerals of less than 10% by mass relative to the total mass of the bodies;
1.2.2. the bodies have a ratio of (thickness):(width):(length) of (1):(≥1 and ≤length):(≥3) 2. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the bodies comprise grains of at least one of the following refractory ceramic raw materials sintered together: magnesia, spinel, corundum, zirconia, forsterite, chromium ore, zirconia corundum, zirconmullite, aluminum titanate, magnesium titanate or calcium titanate. 3. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the bodies have a length in the range of 1 to 30 mm. 4. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the at least one refractory ceramic raw material of the base component is present in the form of grains and wherein the bodies have a length which corresponds at least to the length of the average grain diameter of the largest grains of the base component. 5. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the bodies are present in a volume in the range of 0.5 to 30% by volume in the batch, relative to the total volume of the batch. 6. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the base component is present in a volume in the range of 70 to 99.5% by volume in the batch, relative to the total volume of the batch. 7. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the base component comprises at least one of the following refractory ceramic raw materials: magnesia, doloma, spinel, corundum, forsterite, chromite or mullite. 8. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the base component as well as the bodies are present in the batch in such a way that in a refractory product produced from the batch by a ceramic firing, the area of the product formed from the base component on the one hand and the areas of the product formed from the bodies on the other hand differ in their respective microstructure. 9. A method of producing a refractory product comprising the following features:
9.1 provision of a batch, wherein the batch comprises the following components:
a base component of at least one refractory ceramic raw material; and
at least one synthetic raw material with the following features:
the synthetic raw material consists of bodies, the bodies having the following features:
the bodies consist of grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material sintered together,
the bodies having a proportion of clay minerals of less than 10% by mass relative to the total mass of the bodies;
the bodies have a ratio of (thickness):(width):(length) of (1):(≥1 and ≤length):(≥3).
9.2 firing the batch to a refractory product. 10. A refractory product comprising the following features:
10.1 a first area of interconnected grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material; and 10.2 second areas, the second areas having the following features:
10.2.1 the second areas consist of grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material sintered together, wherein
10.2.2. the second areas have proportion of clay minerals of less than 10% by mass relative to the total mass of the second areas;
10.2.3 the second areas have a ratio of (thickness):(width):(length) of (1):(≥1 and ≤length):(≥3);
10.3 the second regions are arranged without order in the first area; 10.4 the first area on the one hand and the second areas on the other hand differ in their respective microstructure. 11. Product according to claim 10, wherein the second areas comprise grains of at least one of the following refractory ceramic raw materials sintered together: magnesia, spinel, corundum, zirconia, forsterite, chromium ore, zirconia corundum, zirconmullite, aluminum titanate, magnesium titanate or calcium titanate. 12. Product according to claim 10, wherein the second areas have a length in the range of 1 to 30 mm. 13. Product according to claim 10, wherein the second areas have a length at least equal to the length of the average grain diameter of the largest grains of the first area. 14. Product according to claim 10, wherein the second areas are present in a proportion by volume in the range of 0.5 to 30% by volume, relative to the total volume of the product. 15. Product according to claim 10, wherein the first area is present in the product in a proportion by volume in the range of 70 to 99.5% by volume, relative to the total volume of the product. 16. Product according to claim 10, wherein the first area comprises grains of at least one of the following refractory ceramic raw materials sintered together: magnesia, doloma, spinel, corundum, forsterite, chromite or mullite. 17. Use of a synthetic raw material having the following features:
17.1 the synthetic raw material consists of bodies, the bodies having the following features:
17.1.1 the bodies consist of grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material sintered together, wherein
17.1.2 the bodies have a proportion of clay minerals of less than 10% by mass, relative to the total mass of the bodies;
17.1.3 the bodies have a ratio of (thickness):(width):(length) of (1):(≥1 and ≤length):(≥3);
17.2 the synthetic raw material is used in a batch to produce a refractory product to reduce the modulus of elasticity of a refractory ceramic product which can be produced from the batch. PBMP-1054 6 | The invention relates to a batch composition for producing a refractory product, a method for producing a refractory product, a refractory product, and to the use of a synthetic raw material.1. A batch for producing a refractory product comprising the following components:
1.1 a base component of at least one refractory ceramic raw material; and 1.2 at least one synthetic raw material with the following features:
1.2.1 the synthetic raw material consists of bodies, the bodies having the following features:
1.2.1.1 the bodies consist of grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material sintered together,
1.2.1.2. the bodies having a proportion of clay minerals of less than 10% by mass relative to the total mass of the bodies;
1.2.2. the bodies have a ratio of (thickness):(width):(length) of (1):(≥1 and ≤length):(≥3) 2. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the bodies comprise grains of at least one of the following refractory ceramic raw materials sintered together: magnesia, spinel, corundum, zirconia, forsterite, chromium ore, zirconia corundum, zirconmullite, aluminum titanate, magnesium titanate or calcium titanate. 3. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the bodies have a length in the range of 1 to 30 mm. 4. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the at least one refractory ceramic raw material of the base component is present in the form of grains and wherein the bodies have a length which corresponds at least to the length of the average grain diameter of the largest grains of the base component. 5. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the bodies are present in a volume in the range of 0.5 to 30% by volume in the batch, relative to the total volume of the batch. 6. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the base component is present in a volume in the range of 70 to 99.5% by volume in the batch, relative to the total volume of the batch. 7. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the base component comprises at least one of the following refractory ceramic raw materials: magnesia, doloma, spinel, corundum, forsterite, chromite or mullite. 8. Batch according to claim 1, wherein the base component as well as the bodies are present in the batch in such a way that in a refractory product produced from the batch by a ceramic firing, the area of the product formed from the base component on the one hand and the areas of the product formed from the bodies on the other hand differ in their respective microstructure. 9. A method of producing a refractory product comprising the following features:
9.1 provision of a batch, wherein the batch comprises the following components:
a base component of at least one refractory ceramic raw material; and
at least one synthetic raw material with the following features:
the synthetic raw material consists of bodies, the bodies having the following features:
the bodies consist of grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material sintered together,
the bodies having a proportion of clay minerals of less than 10% by mass relative to the total mass of the bodies;
the bodies have a ratio of (thickness):(width):(length) of (1):(≥1 and ≤length):(≥3).
9.2 firing the batch to a refractory product. 10. A refractory product comprising the following features:
10.1 a first area of interconnected grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material; and 10.2 second areas, the second areas having the following features:
10.2.1 the second areas consist of grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material sintered together, wherein
10.2.2. the second areas have proportion of clay minerals of less than 10% by mass relative to the total mass of the second areas;
10.2.3 the second areas have a ratio of (thickness):(width):(length) of (1):(≥1 and ≤length):(≥3);
10.3 the second regions are arranged without order in the first area; 10.4 the first area on the one hand and the second areas on the other hand differ in their respective microstructure. 11. Product according to claim 10, wherein the second areas comprise grains of at least one of the following refractory ceramic raw materials sintered together: magnesia, spinel, corundum, zirconia, forsterite, chromium ore, zirconia corundum, zirconmullite, aluminum titanate, magnesium titanate or calcium titanate. 12. Product according to claim 10, wherein the second areas have a length in the range of 1 to 30 mm. 13. Product according to claim 10, wherein the second areas have a length at least equal to the length of the average grain diameter of the largest grains of the first area. 14. Product according to claim 10, wherein the second areas are present in a proportion by volume in the range of 0.5 to 30% by volume, relative to the total volume of the product. 15. Product according to claim 10, wherein the first area is present in the product in a proportion by volume in the range of 70 to 99.5% by volume, relative to the total volume of the product. 16. Product according to claim 10, wherein the first area comprises grains of at least one of the following refractory ceramic raw materials sintered together: magnesia, doloma, spinel, corundum, forsterite, chromite or mullite. 17. Use of a synthetic raw material having the following features:
17.1 the synthetic raw material consists of bodies, the bodies having the following features:
17.1.1 the bodies consist of grains of at least one refractory ceramic raw material sintered together, wherein
17.1.2 the bodies have a proportion of clay minerals of less than 10% by mass, relative to the total mass of the bodies;
17.1.3 the bodies have a ratio of (thickness):(width):(length) of (1):(≥1 and ≤length):(≥3);
17.2 the synthetic raw material is used in a batch to produce a refractory product to reduce the modulus of elasticity of a refractory ceramic product which can be produced from the batch. PBMP-1054 6 | 1,600 |
345,256 | 16,643,168 | 1,613 | The present disclosure relates generally to eukaryotic initiation factor 2B modulators, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and methods of making and using thereof. | 1. A compound of Formula I: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R13. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula IIA: 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula IIB: 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula VIA: 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula VIB: 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C2-4 heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R13. 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C2-4 heteroaryl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one or more R13. 9. The compound of claim 8, wherein L or ring A is triazole, oxazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, or isoxazole optionally substituted with one or more R13. 10. The compound of claim 6, wherein L or ring A is a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R13. 11. The compound of claim 10, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C2-4 heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R13. 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C2-4 heterocyclyl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one or more R13. 13. The compound of claim 12, wherein L is dihydroisoxazole or oxazolidine optionally substituted with one or more R13. 14. The compound of any one of claims 6-13, wherein L or ring A is optionally substituted with one to three R13, where each R13 is independently halo, cyano, oxo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C1-6 haloalkoxy. 15. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or aryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R11. 16. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is C3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R11. 17. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R11. 18. The compound of claim 17, wherein R2 is substituted with one to six R11. 19. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein each R1 is independently hydroxyl, C1-6 halo alkoxy, halo, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, phenyl, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 halo alkoxycycloalkoxy, or halophenoxy. 20. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclopropyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, phenyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, cyanocyclopropyl, hydroxycyclobutyl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)azetidinyl, 3-(triazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethylthio)cyclobutyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(cyclopropyl)cyclobutyl. 21. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl. 22. The compound of any of claims 1-4, 8 or 12, wherein X1 is O. 23. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R11. 24. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R11. 25. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R11. 26. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more R11. 27. The compound of claim 26, wherein R3 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, cyano, C1-2 haloalkyl, and C1-2 haloalkoxy. 28. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is phenyl substituted with chloro, fluoro, or a combination thereof. 29. The compound of any one claims 1-28, wherein R3 is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, 5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl, 7-chloroisoquinolin-3-yl, 6-chloroquinolin-2-yl, 6-fluoroisoquinolin-2-yl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-2-yl, 6-chlorochroman-2-yl, 6-fluorochroman-2-yl, 6,7-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 5,6-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl. 30. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein each R11 is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl. 31. The compound of any of claims 1-4, 8, 12 or 26, wherein R4 and R5 are hydrogen. 32. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R1 is hydrogen. 33. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is —CH2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2O—, or —CF2CH2O—. 34. The compound of claim 1, 8, 12, 26 or 31, wherein R14, R15, R16, and R17 are independently hydrogen, halo, or C1-6 alkoxy. 35. The compound of claim 1, wherein R14, R15, R16, and R17 are hydrogen. 36. The compound of claim 1, wherein R14 and R16 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C3-6 cycloalkyl ring. 37. The compound of claim 1, wherein R14 and R16 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C3 cycloalkyl ring. 38. The compound of claim 1, wherein R18 and R19 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl. 39. The compound of claim 1, 8, 12, 26, 31 or 34, wherein R18 and R19 together form an ethylene bridge. 40. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof selected from Table 1 or Table 2. 41. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 42. A method for treating a disease or condition mediated, at least in part, by eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 41 to a subject in need thereof. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease or condition is a neurodegenerative disease. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease is Alexander's disease, Alper's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ataxia telangiectasia, Batten disease (also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease), Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Canavan disease, Cockayne syndrome, Corticobasal degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, frontotemporal dementia, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, Huntington's disease, HIV-associated dementia, Kennedy's disease, Krabbe's disease, kuru, Lewy body dementia, Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3), Multiple sclerosis, Multiple System Atrophy, Narcolepsy, Neuroborreliosis, Parkinson's disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Pick's disease, Primary lateral sclerosis, Prion diseases, Refsum's disease, Sandhoffs disease, Schilder's disease, Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to Pernicious Anaemia, Schizophrenia, Spinocerebellar ataxia (multiple types with varying characteristics), Spinal muscular atrophy, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease, insulin resistance or Tabes dorsalis. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease, ALS, Parkinson's disease or dementia. 46. A method for enhancing cognitive memory, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 41 to a subject in need thereof. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease or condition is cancer. 48. A method of preparing a compound of Formula I, comprising contacting a compound of Formula 1: 49. The method of claim 48, wherein LG is —OH, C1-6 alkoxy or halo. 50. A compound of formula X: 51. The compound of claim 50, wherein
R2 is C3-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; R14 and R15 are independently hydrogen or halo; R16 and R17 are hydrogen; R18 and R19 are hydrogen; and each R11 is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl. 52. The compound of claim 51, wherein R2 is 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;
R14 and R15 are independently hydrogen or fluoro; and R16, R17, R18 and R19 are hydrogen. 53. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in therapy. 54. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in treating a neurodegenerative disease. 55. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in treating cancer. 56. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a neurodegenerative disease or cancer. 57. A compound of Formula XI: 58. The compound of claim 57, wherein:
PG1 is trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), tri-iso-propylsilyloxymethyl (TOM), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, dimethoxytrityl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or trityl; and PG2 is carbobenzyloxy, p-methoxybenzyl carbonyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, p-methoxyphenyl, tosyl, troc (trichloroethyl chloroformate), 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (nosyl) or 2-nitrophenylsulfanyl (nps), or together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, forms a N-carbamoyl group. 59. The compound of claim 58, wherein PG1 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), and PG2 is tert-butyloxycarbonyl. | The present disclosure relates generally to eukaryotic initiation factor 2B modulators, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and methods of making and using thereof.1. A compound of Formula I: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R13. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula IIA: 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula IIB: 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula VIA: 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula VIB: 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C2-4 heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R13. 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C2-4 heteroaryl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one or more R13. 9. The compound of claim 8, wherein L or ring A is triazole, oxazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, or isoxazole optionally substituted with one or more R13. 10. The compound of claim 6, wherein L or ring A is a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R13. 11. The compound of claim 10, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C2-4 heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R13. 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C2-4 heterocyclyl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one or more R13. 13. The compound of claim 12, wherein L is dihydroisoxazole or oxazolidine optionally substituted with one or more R13. 14. The compound of any one of claims 6-13, wherein L or ring A is optionally substituted with one to three R13, where each R13 is independently halo, cyano, oxo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C1-6 haloalkoxy. 15. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or aryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R11. 16. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is C3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R11. 17. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R11. 18. The compound of claim 17, wherein R2 is substituted with one to six R11. 19. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein each R1 is independently hydroxyl, C1-6 halo alkoxy, halo, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, phenyl, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 halo alkoxycycloalkoxy, or halophenoxy. 20. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclopropyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, phenyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, cyanocyclopropyl, hydroxycyclobutyl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)azetidinyl, 3-(triazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethylthio)cyclobutyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(cyclopropyl)cyclobutyl. 21. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R2 is 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl. 22. The compound of any of claims 1-4, 8 or 12, wherein X1 is O. 23. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R11. 24. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R11. 25. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is cyclobutyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R11. 26. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more R11. 27. The compound of claim 26, wherein R3 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, cyano, C1-2 haloalkyl, and C1-2 haloalkoxy. 28. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R3 is phenyl substituted with chloro, fluoro, or a combination thereof. 29. The compound of any one claims 1-28, wherein R3 is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, 5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl, 7-chloroisoquinolin-3-yl, 6-chloroquinolin-2-yl, 6-fluoroisoquinolin-2-yl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-2-yl, 6-chlorochroman-2-yl, 6-fluorochroman-2-yl, 6,7-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 5,6-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl. 30. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein each R11 is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl. 31. The compound of any of claims 1-4, 8, 12 or 26, wherein R4 and R5 are hydrogen. 32. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R1 is hydrogen. 33. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is —CH2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2O—, or —CF2CH2O—. 34. The compound of claim 1, 8, 12, 26 or 31, wherein R14, R15, R16, and R17 are independently hydrogen, halo, or C1-6 alkoxy. 35. The compound of claim 1, wherein R14, R15, R16, and R17 are hydrogen. 36. The compound of claim 1, wherein R14 and R16 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C3-6 cycloalkyl ring. 37. The compound of claim 1, wherein R14 and R16 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C3 cycloalkyl ring. 38. The compound of claim 1, wherein R18 and R19 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl. 39. The compound of claim 1, 8, 12, 26, 31 or 34, wherein R18 and R19 together form an ethylene bridge. 40. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof selected from Table 1 or Table 2. 41. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 42. A method for treating a disease or condition mediated, at least in part, by eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 41 to a subject in need thereof. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease or condition is a neurodegenerative disease. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease is Alexander's disease, Alper's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ataxia telangiectasia, Batten disease (also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease), Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Canavan disease, Cockayne syndrome, Corticobasal degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, frontotemporal dementia, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, Huntington's disease, HIV-associated dementia, Kennedy's disease, Krabbe's disease, kuru, Lewy body dementia, Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3), Multiple sclerosis, Multiple System Atrophy, Narcolepsy, Neuroborreliosis, Parkinson's disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Pick's disease, Primary lateral sclerosis, Prion diseases, Refsum's disease, Sandhoffs disease, Schilder's disease, Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to Pernicious Anaemia, Schizophrenia, Spinocerebellar ataxia (multiple types with varying characteristics), Spinal muscular atrophy, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease, insulin resistance or Tabes dorsalis. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease, ALS, Parkinson's disease or dementia. 46. A method for enhancing cognitive memory, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 41 to a subject in need thereof. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease or condition is cancer. 48. A method of preparing a compound of Formula I, comprising contacting a compound of Formula 1: 49. The method of claim 48, wherein LG is —OH, C1-6 alkoxy or halo. 50. A compound of formula X: 51. The compound of claim 50, wherein
R2 is C3-10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; R14 and R15 are independently hydrogen or halo; R16 and R17 are hydrogen; R18 and R19 are hydrogen; and each R11 is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl. 52. The compound of claim 51, wherein R2 is 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;
R14 and R15 are independently hydrogen or fluoro; and R16, R17, R18 and R19 are hydrogen. 53. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in therapy. 54. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in treating a neurodegenerative disease. 55. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in treating cancer. 56. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a neurodegenerative disease or cancer. 57. A compound of Formula XI: 58. The compound of claim 57, wherein:
PG1 is trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), tri-iso-propylsilyloxymethyl (TOM), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, dimethoxytrityl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or trityl; and PG2 is carbobenzyloxy, p-methoxybenzyl carbonyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, p-methoxyphenyl, tosyl, troc (trichloroethyl chloroformate), 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (nosyl) or 2-nitrophenylsulfanyl (nps), or together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, forms a N-carbamoyl group. 59. The compound of claim 58, wherein PG1 is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), and PG2 is tert-butyloxycarbonyl. | 1,600 |
345,257 | 16,643,154 | 1,613 | Systems and methods are disclosed for collecting driving data from simulated autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) driving sessions and real-world ADV driving sessions. The driving data is processed to exclude manual (human) driving data and to exclude data corresponding to the ADV being stationary (not driving). Data can further be filtered based on driving direction: forward or reverse driving. Driving data records are time stamped. The driving data can be aligned according to the timestamp, then a standardized set of metrics is generated from the collected, filtered, and time-aligned data. The standardized set of metrics are used to grade the performance the control system of the ADV, and to generate an updated ADV controller, based on the standardized set of metrics. | 1. A computer-implemented method of improving an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) control system, comprising:
extracting, from driving records of a plurality of ADVs, driving records for a specified ADV type having a specified ADV controller type; filtering the extracted driving records to exclude driving records representing manual driving and to exclude driving records representing a stationary state of an ADV in the plurality of ADVs; generating a set of standardized metrics, each metric representing a performance characteristic of an ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type for the specified ADV type; and using the set of standardized metrics to generate an updated ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type; and distributing the updated ADV controller of the specified ADV controller type to one or more ADVs of the ADV type, for use in driving the one or more ADVs. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of ADVs includes one or more simulated ADVs of a simulation system, each simulated ADV having the an ADV type and an ADV controller type corresponding to a real ADV in the plurality of ADVs. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted driving records are further filtered to include driving records corresponding to a gearshift position of the ADV, wherein the gearshift position comprises one of a forward gear or a reverse gear position. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the stationary state of the ADV is determined by at least one of:
a gearshift position of the ADV being one of neutral or park; or a speed of the ADV being zero. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
aligning the extracted driving records for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs according to a timestamp of each extracted driving record. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein, for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs, the extracted records of driving data comprise:
controller outputs to controlled systems of the ADV, including throttle, brakes, and steering, and including measured states of the controlled systems responsive to the controller outputs; state information of the chassis of the ADV, including pitch, roll, ADV incline, and forward and lateral acceleration; and location information indicating a planned location and heading of the ADV and an actual location and heading of the ADV, at a timestamp of the location information. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating visualization information from the extracted data records; and providing the visualization information to at least one of:
a system that generates a report including plots and histograms of the visualization information; or
a simulation system that generates one or more charts, histograms, or plots for display on the simulation system, using the visualization information. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating one or more suggested updates to the ADV controller, based upon the generated set of standardized metrics. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
running, one or more times, a simulated ADV on a simulation system using the updated ADV controller; and generating a new set of standardized metrics based upon driving records generated by rerunning the one or more simulations. 10. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
extracting, from driving records of a plurality of ADVs, driving records for a specified ADV type having a specified ADV controller type; filtering the extracted driving records to exclude driving records representing manual driving and to exclude driving records representing a stationary state of an ADV in the plurality of ADVs; generating a set of standardized metrics, each metric representing a performance characteristic of an ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type for the specified ADV type; and using the set of standardized metrics to generate an updated ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type; and distributing the updated ADV controller of the specified ADV controller type to one or more ADVs of the ADV type, for use in driving the one or more ADVs. 11. The medium of claim 10, wherein the plurality of ADVs includes one or more simulated ADVs of a simulation system, each simulated ADV having an ADV type and a specified controller type corresponding to a real ADV in the plurality of ADVs. 12. The medium of claim 10, wherein the extracted driving records are further filtered to include driving records corresponding to a gearshift position of the ADV, wherein the gearshift position comprises one of a forward gear or a reverse gear position. 13. The medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
aligning the extracted driving records for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs according to a timestamp of each extracted driving record, wherein, for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs, the extracted records of driving data comprise: controller outputs to controlled systems of the ADV, including throttle, brakes, and steering, and including measured states of the controlled systems responsive to the controller outputs; state information of the chassis of the ADV, including pitch, roll, ADV incline, and forward and lateral acceleration; and location information indicating a planned location and heading of the ADV and an actual location and heading of the ADV, at a timestamp of the location information. 14. The medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
generating visualization information from the extracted data records; and providing the visualization information to at least one of:
a system that generates a report including plots and histograms of the visualization information; or
a simulation system that generates one or more charts, histograms, or plots for display on the simulation system, using the visualization information. 15. The medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
generating one or more suggested updates to the ADV controller, based upon the generated set of standardized metrics; running, one or more times, a simulated ADV on a simulation system using the updated ADV controller; and generating a new set of standardized metrics based upon driving records generated by rerunning the one or more simulations. 16. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations including: extracting, from driving records of a plurality of ADVs, driving records for a specified ADV type having a specified ADV controller type; filtering the extracted driving records to exclude driving records representing manual driving and to exclude driving records representing a stationary state of an ADV in the plurality of ADVs; generating a set of standardized metrics, each metric representing a performance characteristic of an ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type for the specified ADV type; and using the set of standardized metrics to generate an updated ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type; and distributing the updated ADV controller of the specified ADV controller type to one or more ADVs of the ADV type, for use in driving the one or more ADVs. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the plurality of ADVs includes one or more simulated ADVs of a simulation system, each simulated ADV having an ADV type and a specified controller type corresponding to a real ADV in the plurality of ADVs. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the extracted driving records are further filtered to include driving records corresponding to a gearshift position of the ADV, wherein the gearshift position comprises one of a forward gear or a reverse gear position. 19. The system of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
aligning the extracted driving records for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs according to a timestamp of each extracted driving record, wherein, for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs, the extracted records of driving data comprise: controller outputs to controlled systems of the ADV, including throttle, brakes, and steering, and including measured states of the controlled systems responsive to the controller outputs; state information of the chassis of the ADV, including pitch, roll, ADV incline, and forward and lateral acceleration; and location information indicating a planned location and heading of the ADV and an actual location and heading of the ADV, at a timestamp of the location information. 20. The system of claim 19, the operations further comprising:
generating visualization information from the extracted data records; and providing the visualization information to at least one of:
a system that generates a report including plots and histograms of the visualization information; or
a simulation system that generates one or more charts, histograms, or plots for display on the simulation system, using the visualization information. 21. The system of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
generating one or more suggested updates to the ADV controller, based upon the generated set of standardized metrics; running, one or more times, a simulated ADV on a simulation system using the updated ADV controller; and generating a new set of standardized metrics based upon driving records generated by rerunning the one or more simulations. | Systems and methods are disclosed for collecting driving data from simulated autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) driving sessions and real-world ADV driving sessions. The driving data is processed to exclude manual (human) driving data and to exclude data corresponding to the ADV being stationary (not driving). Data can further be filtered based on driving direction: forward or reverse driving. Driving data records are time stamped. The driving data can be aligned according to the timestamp, then a standardized set of metrics is generated from the collected, filtered, and time-aligned data. The standardized set of metrics are used to grade the performance the control system of the ADV, and to generate an updated ADV controller, based on the standardized set of metrics.1. A computer-implemented method of improving an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) control system, comprising:
extracting, from driving records of a plurality of ADVs, driving records for a specified ADV type having a specified ADV controller type; filtering the extracted driving records to exclude driving records representing manual driving and to exclude driving records representing a stationary state of an ADV in the plurality of ADVs; generating a set of standardized metrics, each metric representing a performance characteristic of an ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type for the specified ADV type; and using the set of standardized metrics to generate an updated ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type; and distributing the updated ADV controller of the specified ADV controller type to one or more ADVs of the ADV type, for use in driving the one or more ADVs. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of ADVs includes one or more simulated ADVs of a simulation system, each simulated ADV having the an ADV type and an ADV controller type corresponding to a real ADV in the plurality of ADVs. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted driving records are further filtered to include driving records corresponding to a gearshift position of the ADV, wherein the gearshift position comprises one of a forward gear or a reverse gear position. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the stationary state of the ADV is determined by at least one of:
a gearshift position of the ADV being one of neutral or park; or a speed of the ADV being zero. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
aligning the extracted driving records for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs according to a timestamp of each extracted driving record. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein, for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs, the extracted records of driving data comprise:
controller outputs to controlled systems of the ADV, including throttle, brakes, and steering, and including measured states of the controlled systems responsive to the controller outputs; state information of the chassis of the ADV, including pitch, roll, ADV incline, and forward and lateral acceleration; and location information indicating a planned location and heading of the ADV and an actual location and heading of the ADV, at a timestamp of the location information. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating visualization information from the extracted data records; and providing the visualization information to at least one of:
a system that generates a report including plots and histograms of the visualization information; or
a simulation system that generates one or more charts, histograms, or plots for display on the simulation system, using the visualization information. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating one or more suggested updates to the ADV controller, based upon the generated set of standardized metrics. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
running, one or more times, a simulated ADV on a simulation system using the updated ADV controller; and generating a new set of standardized metrics based upon driving records generated by rerunning the one or more simulations. 10. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
extracting, from driving records of a plurality of ADVs, driving records for a specified ADV type having a specified ADV controller type; filtering the extracted driving records to exclude driving records representing manual driving and to exclude driving records representing a stationary state of an ADV in the plurality of ADVs; generating a set of standardized metrics, each metric representing a performance characteristic of an ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type for the specified ADV type; and using the set of standardized metrics to generate an updated ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type; and distributing the updated ADV controller of the specified ADV controller type to one or more ADVs of the ADV type, for use in driving the one or more ADVs. 11. The medium of claim 10, wherein the plurality of ADVs includes one or more simulated ADVs of a simulation system, each simulated ADV having an ADV type and a specified controller type corresponding to a real ADV in the plurality of ADVs. 12. The medium of claim 10, wherein the extracted driving records are further filtered to include driving records corresponding to a gearshift position of the ADV, wherein the gearshift position comprises one of a forward gear or a reverse gear position. 13. The medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
aligning the extracted driving records for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs according to a timestamp of each extracted driving record, wherein, for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs, the extracted records of driving data comprise: controller outputs to controlled systems of the ADV, including throttle, brakes, and steering, and including measured states of the controlled systems responsive to the controller outputs; state information of the chassis of the ADV, including pitch, roll, ADV incline, and forward and lateral acceleration; and location information indicating a planned location and heading of the ADV and an actual location and heading of the ADV, at a timestamp of the location information. 14. The medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
generating visualization information from the extracted data records; and providing the visualization information to at least one of:
a system that generates a report including plots and histograms of the visualization information; or
a simulation system that generates one or more charts, histograms, or plots for display on the simulation system, using the visualization information. 15. The medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
generating one or more suggested updates to the ADV controller, based upon the generated set of standardized metrics; running, one or more times, a simulated ADV on a simulation system using the updated ADV controller; and generating a new set of standardized metrics based upon driving records generated by rerunning the one or more simulations. 16. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations including: extracting, from driving records of a plurality of ADVs, driving records for a specified ADV type having a specified ADV controller type; filtering the extracted driving records to exclude driving records representing manual driving and to exclude driving records representing a stationary state of an ADV in the plurality of ADVs; generating a set of standardized metrics, each metric representing a performance characteristic of an ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type for the specified ADV type; and using the set of standardized metrics to generate an updated ADV controller having the specified ADV controller type; and distributing the updated ADV controller of the specified ADV controller type to one or more ADVs of the ADV type, for use in driving the one or more ADVs. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the plurality of ADVs includes one or more simulated ADVs of a simulation system, each simulated ADV having an ADV type and a specified controller type corresponding to a real ADV in the plurality of ADVs. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the extracted driving records are further filtered to include driving records corresponding to a gearshift position of the ADV, wherein the gearshift position comprises one of a forward gear or a reverse gear position. 19. The system of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
aligning the extracted driving records for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs according to a timestamp of each extracted driving record, wherein, for each ADV in the plurality of ADVs, the extracted records of driving data comprise: controller outputs to controlled systems of the ADV, including throttle, brakes, and steering, and including measured states of the controlled systems responsive to the controller outputs; state information of the chassis of the ADV, including pitch, roll, ADV incline, and forward and lateral acceleration; and location information indicating a planned location and heading of the ADV and an actual location and heading of the ADV, at a timestamp of the location information. 20. The system of claim 19, the operations further comprising:
generating visualization information from the extracted data records; and providing the visualization information to at least one of:
a system that generates a report including plots and histograms of the visualization information; or
a simulation system that generates one or more charts, histograms, or plots for display on the simulation system, using the visualization information. 21. The system of claim 16, the operations further comprising:
generating one or more suggested updates to the ADV controller, based upon the generated set of standardized metrics; running, one or more times, a simulated ADV on a simulation system using the updated ADV controller; and generating a new set of standardized metrics based upon driving records generated by rerunning the one or more simulations. | 1,600 |
345,258 | 16,643,164 | 1,613 | Provided is a shock absorber that is so designed that fail-down is prevented, which is caused when solenoid thrust is relatively small. The shock absorber comprises a chamber disposed on one side of a valve element and communicating with a cylinder's one side chamber and a cylinder's other side chamber, a first communication passage allowing the chamber and the cylinder's one side chamber to communicate with each other, and a second communication passage allowing the chamber and the cylinder's other side chamber to communicate with each other. The first communication passage includes a first orifice, and the second communication passage includes a second orifice. | 1. A shock absorber comprising:
a cylinder in which a hydraulic fluid is sealingly contained; a piston slidably inserted in the cylinder and dividing an interior portion of the cylinder into a cylinder's one side chamber and a cylinder's other side chamber; a piston rod including one end coupled to the piston and the other end extending outside from the cylinder; an expansion-side passage and a compression-side passage disposed in the piston; an expansion-side main valve disposed in the expansion-side passage; an expansion-side back pressure chamber in which a valve-opening pressure on the expansion-side main valve is adjusted; a compression-side main valve disposed in the compression-side passage; a compression-side back pressure chamber in which a valve-opening pressure on the compression-side main valve is adjusted; a common passage allowing the expansion-side back pressure chamber and the compression-side back pressure chamber to communicate with each other; a valve element configured to adjust passage area of the common passage; an actuator configured to bias the valve element in one direction when current is applied; a biasing member configured to bias the valve element in the other direction; a chamber disposed on one side of the valve element and communicating with the cylinder's one side chamber and the cylinder's other side chamber; a first communication passage allowing the chamber and the cylinder's one side chamber to communicate with each other; and a second communication passage allowing the chamber and the cylinder's other side chamber to communicate with each other, the first communication passage including a first orifice, and the second communication passage including a second orifice. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein pressure-receiving area of the valve element is larger during a compression stroke than during an expansion stroke. 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein the second communication passage allows the chamber and the cylinder's other side chamber to communicate with each other through the compression-side passage. 4. The shock absorber according to claim 1, comprising:
a first check valve configured to allow a hydraulic fluid in the first communication passage to circulate to the cylinder's other side chamber during an expansion stroke. 5. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein the valve element is solid. 6. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein the actuator includes a rod configured to displace the valve element and a solenoid configured to control the displacement of the rod; wherein the rod is provided with an in-rod passage extending along an axial direction; wherein the rod is provided on one end side with a rod back pressure chamber communicating with the chamber through the in-rod passage; and wherein the first orifice allows the rod back pressure chamber and the cylinder's one side chamber to be in constant communication with each other. 7. The shock absorber according to claim 4,
wherein the second orifice is formed in the first check valve. 8. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein the second communication passage is in communication with the cylinder's other side chamber through the compression-side back pressure chamber. 9. The shock absorber according to claim 6, comprising:
a second check valve configured to allow a hydraulic fluid in the rod back pressure chamber to circulate to the cylinder's one side chamber during a compression stroke. 10. The shock absorber according to claim 9,
wherein the second check valve is a check valve configured to open when pressure in the rod back pressure chamber becomes predetermined pressure. | Provided is a shock absorber that is so designed that fail-down is prevented, which is caused when solenoid thrust is relatively small. The shock absorber comprises a chamber disposed on one side of a valve element and communicating with a cylinder's one side chamber and a cylinder's other side chamber, a first communication passage allowing the chamber and the cylinder's one side chamber to communicate with each other, and a second communication passage allowing the chamber and the cylinder's other side chamber to communicate with each other. The first communication passage includes a first orifice, and the second communication passage includes a second orifice.1. A shock absorber comprising:
a cylinder in which a hydraulic fluid is sealingly contained; a piston slidably inserted in the cylinder and dividing an interior portion of the cylinder into a cylinder's one side chamber and a cylinder's other side chamber; a piston rod including one end coupled to the piston and the other end extending outside from the cylinder; an expansion-side passage and a compression-side passage disposed in the piston; an expansion-side main valve disposed in the expansion-side passage; an expansion-side back pressure chamber in which a valve-opening pressure on the expansion-side main valve is adjusted; a compression-side main valve disposed in the compression-side passage; a compression-side back pressure chamber in which a valve-opening pressure on the compression-side main valve is adjusted; a common passage allowing the expansion-side back pressure chamber and the compression-side back pressure chamber to communicate with each other; a valve element configured to adjust passage area of the common passage; an actuator configured to bias the valve element in one direction when current is applied; a biasing member configured to bias the valve element in the other direction; a chamber disposed on one side of the valve element and communicating with the cylinder's one side chamber and the cylinder's other side chamber; a first communication passage allowing the chamber and the cylinder's one side chamber to communicate with each other; and a second communication passage allowing the chamber and the cylinder's other side chamber to communicate with each other, the first communication passage including a first orifice, and the second communication passage including a second orifice. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein pressure-receiving area of the valve element is larger during a compression stroke than during an expansion stroke. 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein the second communication passage allows the chamber and the cylinder's other side chamber to communicate with each other through the compression-side passage. 4. The shock absorber according to claim 1, comprising:
a first check valve configured to allow a hydraulic fluid in the first communication passage to circulate to the cylinder's other side chamber during an expansion stroke. 5. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein the valve element is solid. 6. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein the actuator includes a rod configured to displace the valve element and a solenoid configured to control the displacement of the rod; wherein the rod is provided with an in-rod passage extending along an axial direction; wherein the rod is provided on one end side with a rod back pressure chamber communicating with the chamber through the in-rod passage; and wherein the first orifice allows the rod back pressure chamber and the cylinder's one side chamber to be in constant communication with each other. 7. The shock absorber according to claim 4,
wherein the second orifice is formed in the first check valve. 8. The shock absorber according to claim 1,
wherein the second communication passage is in communication with the cylinder's other side chamber through the compression-side back pressure chamber. 9. The shock absorber according to claim 6, comprising:
a second check valve configured to allow a hydraulic fluid in the rod back pressure chamber to circulate to the cylinder's one side chamber during a compression stroke. 10. The shock absorber according to claim 9,
wherein the second check valve is a check valve configured to open when pressure in the rod back pressure chamber becomes predetermined pressure. | 1,600 |
345,259 | 16,643,173 | 1,613 | The present invention relates to compounds of formula (A), wherein Z is NR10 or O. These compounds represent novel acridinium and xanthylium salts having an unprecedented substituted heterocyclic core. They are useful as fluorescent dyes or precursors thereof in different applications including various imaging and sensing techniques, and, in particular, as photosensitizers and hereby preferably as photocatalysts. The present invention further relates to processes for preparing the inventive compounds via 1,5-organodimetallic reagents from double directed ortho-metalation reactions or combined halogen-metal exchange/directed ortho-metalation reactions. | 1. A compound of formula (A) 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein said Z is NR10. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein said Z is O. 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R9 is selected from phenyl, indenyl, indanyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl and tetracenyl, each independently optionally substituted by one, two or three groups independently selected from halogen atoms, CN, N3, C1-C6-alkyl, [SO3]−, SO3H, SO2Cl, OH, C1-C6-alkoxy, CO2 −, C(═O)OH, C1-C8-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C8-thi oalkyl and C1-C6-al koxy carb onyl . 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein said R9 is selected from phenyl and naphthyl, optionally substituted by one, two or three groups independently selected from F, Cl, CN, CO2 −, SO3 −, CO2H, SO3H, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy and C1-C4-thi oalkyl . 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R2, R3, R4, R5 and R7 are each H. 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 and R6 are independently selected from H, NH2, N(H)(C1-C6-alkyl) or N(C1-C6-alkyl)2. 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein le is selected from NH2, N(H)(C1-C2-alkyl), N(C1-C2-alkyl)2, C1-C4-alkoxy and F. 9. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R8 is selected from H, NH2, N(H)(C1-C2-alkyl), N(C1-C2-alkyl)2, C1-C4-alkoxy and F. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from
1,8-Dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium bromide; 9-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1,8-dimethoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 1,8-Dimethoxy-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-10-methylacridinium bromide; 1,8-Dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)acridinium bromide; 1,8-Dimethoxy-9,10-diphenylacridinium bromide; 1,8-Dimethoxy-9,10-diphenylacridinium tetrafluoroborate; 1-Methoxy-10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-1-methoxy-10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methoxyxanthylium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methoxyxanthylium chloride; 6-(Dimethylamino)-1-methoxy-9,10-diphenylacridinium bromide; 9-Mesityl-1,8-dimethoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 9-Mesityl-1-methoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 3,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 3,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1,8-dimethoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 3-(Dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide: 3-(Dimethylamino)-1,8-dimethoxy-9,10-diphenylacridinium bromide; (±)-3-(Dimethylamino)-1,8-dimethoxy-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-3-(Dimethylamino)-9-(4-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)-1,8-dimethoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 3,6-Bi s(dimethylamino)-1, 8-dimethoxy-9, 1 0-diphenylacridinium bromide 1-Methoxy-9,10-diphenyl acri dinium bromide; 9-Mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 9-(2, 6-Dimethylphenyl)-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-1-Methoxy-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-1-Methoxy-10-methyl-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)acridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-6-(Dimethylamino)-1-methoxy-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 7-(Dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-7-(Dimethylamino)-1-methoxy-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 3,7-Bi s(dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; and 3,6-Bi s(dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide. 11. A compound of formula (A′) 12. (canceled) 13. The compound of claim 11, wherein said compound is 1,8-Dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-phenyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-9-ol. 14. A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (A) according to claim 1, comprising
(i) reacting a compound of formula (A′″) with an organometallic reagent (R12M) selected from aryl-MgX, C1-C6-alkyl-MgX, aryl-Li and C1-C6-alkyl-Li; 15. A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (A) | The present invention relates to compounds of formula (A), wherein Z is NR10 or O. These compounds represent novel acridinium and xanthylium salts having an unprecedented substituted heterocyclic core. They are useful as fluorescent dyes or precursors thereof in different applications including various imaging and sensing techniques, and, in particular, as photosensitizers and hereby preferably as photocatalysts. The present invention further relates to processes for preparing the inventive compounds via 1,5-organodimetallic reagents from double directed ortho-metalation reactions or combined halogen-metal exchange/directed ortho-metalation reactions.1. A compound of formula (A) 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein said Z is NR10. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein said Z is O. 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R9 is selected from phenyl, indenyl, indanyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl and tetracenyl, each independently optionally substituted by one, two or three groups independently selected from halogen atoms, CN, N3, C1-C6-alkyl, [SO3]−, SO3H, SO2Cl, OH, C1-C6-alkoxy, CO2 −, C(═O)OH, C1-C8-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C8-thi oalkyl and C1-C6-al koxy carb onyl . 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein said R9 is selected from phenyl and naphthyl, optionally substituted by one, two or three groups independently selected from F, Cl, CN, CO2 −, SO3 −, CO2H, SO3H, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy and C1-C4-thi oalkyl . 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R2, R3, R4, R5 and R7 are each H. 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 and R6 are independently selected from H, NH2, N(H)(C1-C6-alkyl) or N(C1-C6-alkyl)2. 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein le is selected from NH2, N(H)(C1-C2-alkyl), N(C1-C2-alkyl)2, C1-C4-alkoxy and F. 9. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R8 is selected from H, NH2, N(H)(C1-C2-alkyl), N(C1-C2-alkyl)2, C1-C4-alkoxy and F. 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from
1,8-Dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium bromide; 9-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1,8-dimethoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 1,8-Dimethoxy-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-10-methylacridinium bromide; 1,8-Dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)acridinium bromide; 1,8-Dimethoxy-9,10-diphenylacridinium bromide; 1,8-Dimethoxy-9,10-diphenylacridinium tetrafluoroborate; 1-Methoxy-10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-1-methoxy-10-methyl-9-phenylacridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methoxyxanthylium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methoxyxanthylium chloride; 6-(Dimethylamino)-1-methoxy-9,10-diphenylacridinium bromide; 9-Mesityl-1,8-dimethoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 9-Mesityl-1-methoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 3,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 3,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1,8-dimethoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide; 3-(Dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-methylacridinium bromide: 3-(Dimethylamino)-1,8-dimethoxy-9,10-diphenylacridinium bromide; (±)-3-(Dimethylamino)-1,8-dimethoxy-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-3-(Dimethylamino)-9-(4-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)-1,8-dimethoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 3,6-Bi s(dimethylamino)-1, 8-dimethoxy-9, 1 0-diphenylacridinium bromide 1-Methoxy-9,10-diphenyl acri dinium bromide; 9-Mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 9-(2, 6-Dimethylphenyl)-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-1-Methoxy-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-1-Methoxy-10-methyl-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)acridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 6-(Dimethylamino)-9-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-6-(Dimethylamino)-1-methoxy-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 7-(Dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; (±)-7-(Dimethylamino)-1-methoxy-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenylacridinium bromide; 3,7-Bi s(dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide; and 3,6-Bi s(dimethylamino)-9-mesityl-1-methoxy-10-phenylacridinium bromide. 11. A compound of formula (A′) 12. (canceled) 13. The compound of claim 11, wherein said compound is 1,8-Dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-phenyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-9-ol. 14. A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (A) according to claim 1, comprising
(i) reacting a compound of formula (A′″) with an organometallic reagent (R12M) selected from aryl-MgX, C1-C6-alkyl-MgX, aryl-Li and C1-C6-alkyl-Li; 15. A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (A) | 1,600 |
345,260 | 16,643,163 | 1,613 | An approximation method and system are provided for more quickly controlling a prosthetic or other device by reducing computational processing time in a muscle model that can be used to control the prosthetic. For a given muscle, the approximation method can quickly compute polynomial structures for a muscle length and for each associated moment arms, which may be used to generate a torque for a joint position of a physics model. The physics model, in turn, produces a next joint position and velocity data for driving a prosthetic. The approximation method expands the polynomial structures as long as expansion is possible and sufficiently beneficial. The computations canbe performed quickly by expanding the polynomial structures in a way that constrains the muscle length polynomial to the moment arm polynomial structures, and vice versa. | 1. An approximation method performed in a processor for generating a model, the approximation method comprising:
receiving an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length; using the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively; expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term while improving an accuracy of the first muscle length polynomial based on information related to said at least a first moment arm; expanding said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term while improving an accuracy of said at least a first moment arm polynomial based on information related to the first muscle length; and approximating dynamics of the device based on the expanded first muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial. 2. An approximation method performed in a processor for generating a model, the approximation method comprising:
(6) receiving an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length; (7) using the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively; (8) expanding said first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; (9) determining whether or not the expanded polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input dataset; and (10) if a determination is made that the expanded polynomials are not further expandable or that further expansion will not be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input data set, approximating dynamics of the device based on the expanded first muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial. 3. The approximation method of claim 2, the method further comprising:
if a determination is made at step (4) that the expanded polynomials are further expandable and that further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input dataset, returning to step (3) and reiterating steps (3) through (5). 4. The approximation method of claim 2, wherein step (3) comprises:
generating at least a first list of potential candidates for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and generating a second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; selecting a first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial and selecting a second candidate from the second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial; and expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate. 5. The approximation method of claim 4, further comprising:
during step (3), after expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate:
integrating the expanded first moment arm polynomial to produce one or more integrals;
joining said one or more integrals with the expanded first muscle length polynomial to obtain a constrained muscle length polynomial; and
differentiating the constrained muscle length polynomial to obtain one or more constrained moment arm polynomials, and wherein step (4) makes the determination of whether or not the expanded polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input data set based on the constrained muscle length polynomial and said one or more constrained moment arm polynomials. 6. The approximation method of claim 4, wherein during step (3), selecting the first candidate from the first list comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the first list to determine which of the potential candidates on the first list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial to the input dataset. 7. The approximation method of claim 6, wherein during step (3), selecting the second candidate from the second list comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the second list to determine which of the potential candidates on the second list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded first moment arm polynomial to the input dataset. 8. The approximation method of claim 7, wherein an Akaike information criterion (AIC) is calculated for the input dataset and used in the analysis that determines which of the potential candidates on the first and second lists result in the greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial, respectively, to the input dataset. 9. An approximation method performed on a processor for generating a model, the approximation method comprising:
(9) receiving an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length; (10) using the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively; (11) expanding said first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; (12) integrating said at least a first moment arm polynomial to produce one or more integrals; (13) joining said one or more integrals with the first muscle length polynomial to obtain a constrained muscle length polynomial; (14) differentiating the constrained muscle length polynomial to obtain one or more constrained moment arm polynomials; (15) determining whether or not the constrained muscle length polynomial and said one or more constrained moment arm polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials to the input dataset; and (16) if a determination is made that the further expansion is not possible or that further expansion will not be beneficial, approximating dynamics of the device based on the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials obtained at step (6). 10. The approximation method of claim 9, further comprising:
if a determination is made at step (7) that the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials are further expandable and that further expansion will be beneficial, returning to step (3) and reiterating steps (3) through (8). 11. The method of claim 9, wherein step (3) comprises:
generating at least a first list of potential candidates for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and generating a second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; selecting a first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial and selecting a second candidate from the second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial; and expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein during step (3), selecting the first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the first list to determine which of the potential candidates on the first list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the first muscle length polynomial to the input dataset. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein during step (3), selecting the second candidate from the second list for expanding said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the second list to determine which of the potential candidates on the second list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded first moment arm polynomial to the input dataset. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein an Akaike information criterion (AIC) is calculated for the input dataset and used in the analysis that determines which of the potential candidates on the first and second lists result in the greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial, respectively, to the input dataset. 15. A system for generating a model, the system comprising:
one or more processors comprising:
first logic configured to perform a first process that receives an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length;
second logic configured to perform a second process that uses the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively;
third logic configured to perform a third process that expands said first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term;
fourth logic configured to perform a fourth process that determines whether or not the expanded polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input dataset; and
fifth logic configured to perform a fifth process that approximates dynamics of the device based on the expanded first muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial if a determination is made by the fourth process performed by the fourth logic that the expanded polynomials are not further expandable or that further expansion will not be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input data set 16. The system of claim 15, wherein if a determination is made by the fourth logic performing the fourth process that the expanded polynomials are further expandable and that further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input dataset, the system returns to the third process and the third through fifth logic perform the third through fifth processes, respectively. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the third process performed by the third logic comprises:
generating at least a first list of potential candidates for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and generating a second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; selecting a first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial and selecting a second candidate from the second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial; and expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate. 18. The system of claim 17, the third process performed by the third logic further comprises:
integrating the expanded first moment arm polynomial to produce one or more integrals after the third process expands the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expands the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate; joining said one or more integrals with the expanded first muscle length polynomial to obtain a constrained muscle length polynomial; and differentiating the constrained muscle length polynomial to obtain one or more constrained moment arm polynomials, and wherein step (4) makes the determination of whether or not the expanded polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input data set based on the constrained muscle length polynomial and said one or more constrained moment arm polynomials. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein during the third process, selecting the first candidate from the first list comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the first list to determine which of the potential candidates on the first list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial to the input dataset. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein during the third process, selecting the second candidate from the second list comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the second list to determine which of the potential candidates on the second list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded first moment arm polynomial to the input dataset. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein an Akaike information criterion (AIC) is calculated for the input dataset and used in the analysis that determines which of the potential candidates on the first and second lists result in the greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial, respectively, to the input dataset. 22. A system for generating a model, the system comprising:
one or more processors comprising:
first logic configured to perform a first process that receives an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length;
second logic configured to perform a second process that uses the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively;
third logic configured to perform a third process that expands said first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term;
fourth logic configured to perform a fourth process that integrates said at least a first moment arm polynomial to produce one or more integrals;
fifth logic configured to perform a fifth process that joins said one or more integrals with the first muscle length polynomial to obtain a constrained muscle length polynomial;
sixth logic configured to perform a sixth process that differentiates the constrained muscle length polynomial to obtain one or more constrained moment arm polynomials;
seventh logic configured to perform a seventh process that determines whether or not the constrained muscle length polynomial and said one or more constrained moment arm polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials to the input dataset; and
eighth logic configured to perform an eighth process that approximates dynamics of the device based on the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials obtained by the sixth logic if a determination is made that the further expansion is not possible or that further expansion will not be beneficial. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein if a determination is made by the seventh process that the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials are further expandable and that further expansion will be beneficial, the system returns to the third process and causes the third through eighth logic to perform reiterate the third through eighth processes, respectively. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the third process comprises:
generating at least a first list of potential candidates for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and generating a second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; selecting a first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial and selecting a second candidate from the second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial; and expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein during the third process, selecting the first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the first list to determine which of the potential candidates on the first list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the first muscle length polynomial to the input dataset. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein during the third process, selecting the second candidate from the second list for expanding said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the second list to determine which of the potential candidates on the second list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded first moment arm polynomial to the input dataset. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein an Akaike information criterion (AIC) is calculated for the input dataset and used in the analysis of the third process that determines which of the potential candidates on the first and second lists result in the greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial, respectively, to the input dataset. 28. A method for more quickly controlling a prosthetic by reducing computational processing time in a muscle model that can be used to control the prosthetic, comprising:
computing a polynomial equation for a muscle that defines approximate values f(x) of muscle lengths, muscle moment arms, or both, in relation to a joint having a plurality of degrees of freedom (DOF) with the following equation: 29. A method for more quickly controlling a prosthetic by reducing computational processing time in a muscle model that can be used to control the prosthetic, comprising:
computing a polynomial equation for a muscle that defines approximate values f(x) of muscle lengths, muscle moment arms, or both, in relation to a joint having a plurality of degrees of freedom (DOF) by including or not including polynomial terms based upon an error between polynomial produced data and recorded data associated with each of the terms. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the inclusion or non-inclusion of each of the polynomial terms is based upon the information tradeoff criterion of the Shannon principal. 31. The method of claim 29, further comprising adding at least one polynomial term that represents a relationship between the joint and another joint. 32. A prosthetic, comprising:
means for storing a first polynomial equation for a muscle that defines approximate values f(x) of muscle lengths in relation to a joint having a plurality of degrees of freedom (DOF) with the following equation: 33. A prosthetic, comprising:
(d) a movable part; (e) a memory storing computer software; (f) a processor that can execute the software, the software comprising:
(3) code that defines a first polynomial equation for a muscle that defines approximate values f(x) of muscle lengths in relation to a joint having a plurality of degrees of freedom (DOF) with the following equation: 34. A method for identification of muscle structure and physiological function based on a composition of one or more polynomials, comprising:
using an input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial associated with a first muscle, the first muscle length polynomial having a first set of coefficients; obtaining a vector from the first set of coefficients, the vector having a set of elements, wherein each element of the vector corresponds to a specific power combination in an ordered list; and determining a description of a structure and function of the first muscle based on the vector. 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising identifying a graft location for an autotransplant of the first muscle based on the vector. 36. The method of claim 34, further comprising:
using the description of the structure of the muscle to generate desired muscle functionality to prevent actuation of a joint associated with the first muscle from resulting in a risk of injury to the joint or the first muscle. | An approximation method and system are provided for more quickly controlling a prosthetic or other device by reducing computational processing time in a muscle model that can be used to control the prosthetic. For a given muscle, the approximation method can quickly compute polynomial structures for a muscle length and for each associated moment arms, which may be used to generate a torque for a joint position of a physics model. The physics model, in turn, produces a next joint position and velocity data for driving a prosthetic. The approximation method expands the polynomial structures as long as expansion is possible and sufficiently beneficial. The computations canbe performed quickly by expanding the polynomial structures in a way that constrains the muscle length polynomial to the moment arm polynomial structures, and vice versa.1. An approximation method performed in a processor for generating a model, the approximation method comprising:
receiving an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length; using the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively; expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term while improving an accuracy of the first muscle length polynomial based on information related to said at least a first moment arm; expanding said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term while improving an accuracy of said at least a first moment arm polynomial based on information related to the first muscle length; and approximating dynamics of the device based on the expanded first muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial. 2. An approximation method performed in a processor for generating a model, the approximation method comprising:
(6) receiving an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length; (7) using the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively; (8) expanding said first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; (9) determining whether or not the expanded polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input dataset; and (10) if a determination is made that the expanded polynomials are not further expandable or that further expansion will not be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input data set, approximating dynamics of the device based on the expanded first muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial. 3. The approximation method of claim 2, the method further comprising:
if a determination is made at step (4) that the expanded polynomials are further expandable and that further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input dataset, returning to step (3) and reiterating steps (3) through (5). 4. The approximation method of claim 2, wherein step (3) comprises:
generating at least a first list of potential candidates for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and generating a second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; selecting a first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial and selecting a second candidate from the second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial; and expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate. 5. The approximation method of claim 4, further comprising:
during step (3), after expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate:
integrating the expanded first moment arm polynomial to produce one or more integrals;
joining said one or more integrals with the expanded first muscle length polynomial to obtain a constrained muscle length polynomial; and
differentiating the constrained muscle length polynomial to obtain one or more constrained moment arm polynomials, and wherein step (4) makes the determination of whether or not the expanded polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input data set based on the constrained muscle length polynomial and said one or more constrained moment arm polynomials. 6. The approximation method of claim 4, wherein during step (3), selecting the first candidate from the first list comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the first list to determine which of the potential candidates on the first list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial to the input dataset. 7. The approximation method of claim 6, wherein during step (3), selecting the second candidate from the second list comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the second list to determine which of the potential candidates on the second list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded first moment arm polynomial to the input dataset. 8. The approximation method of claim 7, wherein an Akaike information criterion (AIC) is calculated for the input dataset and used in the analysis that determines which of the potential candidates on the first and second lists result in the greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial, respectively, to the input dataset. 9. An approximation method performed on a processor for generating a model, the approximation method comprising:
(9) receiving an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length; (10) using the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively; (11) expanding said first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; (12) integrating said at least a first moment arm polynomial to produce one or more integrals; (13) joining said one or more integrals with the first muscle length polynomial to obtain a constrained muscle length polynomial; (14) differentiating the constrained muscle length polynomial to obtain one or more constrained moment arm polynomials; (15) determining whether or not the constrained muscle length polynomial and said one or more constrained moment arm polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials to the input dataset; and (16) if a determination is made that the further expansion is not possible or that further expansion will not be beneficial, approximating dynamics of the device based on the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials obtained at step (6). 10. The approximation method of claim 9, further comprising:
if a determination is made at step (7) that the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials are further expandable and that further expansion will be beneficial, returning to step (3) and reiterating steps (3) through (8). 11. The method of claim 9, wherein step (3) comprises:
generating at least a first list of potential candidates for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and generating a second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; selecting a first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial and selecting a second candidate from the second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial; and expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein during step (3), selecting the first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the first list to determine which of the potential candidates on the first list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the first muscle length polynomial to the input dataset. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein during step (3), selecting the second candidate from the second list for expanding said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the second list to determine which of the potential candidates on the second list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded first moment arm polynomial to the input dataset. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein an Akaike information criterion (AIC) is calculated for the input dataset and used in the analysis that determines which of the potential candidates on the first and second lists result in the greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial, respectively, to the input dataset. 15. A system for generating a model, the system comprising:
one or more processors comprising:
first logic configured to perform a first process that receives an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length;
second logic configured to perform a second process that uses the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively;
third logic configured to perform a third process that expands said first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term;
fourth logic configured to perform a fourth process that determines whether or not the expanded polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input dataset; and
fifth logic configured to perform a fifth process that approximates dynamics of the device based on the expanded first muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial if a determination is made by the fourth process performed by the fourth logic that the expanded polynomials are not further expandable or that further expansion will not be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input data set 16. The system of claim 15, wherein if a determination is made by the fourth logic performing the fourth process that the expanded polynomials are further expandable and that further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input dataset, the system returns to the third process and the third through fifth logic perform the third through fifth processes, respectively. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the third process performed by the third logic comprises:
generating at least a first list of potential candidates for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and generating a second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; selecting a first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial and selecting a second candidate from the second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial; and expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate. 18. The system of claim 17, the third process performed by the third logic further comprises:
integrating the expanded first moment arm polynomial to produce one or more integrals after the third process expands the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expands the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate; joining said one or more integrals with the expanded first muscle length polynomial to obtain a constrained muscle length polynomial; and differentiating the constrained muscle length polynomial to obtain one or more constrained moment arm polynomials, and wherein step (4) makes the determination of whether or not the expanded polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the polynomials to the input data set based on the constrained muscle length polynomial and said one or more constrained moment arm polynomials. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein during the third process, selecting the first candidate from the first list comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the first list to determine which of the potential candidates on the first list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial to the input dataset. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein during the third process, selecting the second candidate from the second list comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the second list to determine which of the potential candidates on the second list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded first moment arm polynomial to the input dataset. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein an Akaike information criterion (AIC) is calculated for the input dataset and used in the analysis that determines which of the potential candidates on the first and second lists result in the greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial, respectively, to the input dataset. 22. A system for generating a model, the system comprising:
one or more processors comprising:
first logic configured to perform a first process that receives an input dataset associated with at least a first muscle length and at least a first moment arm associated with the first muscle length;
second logic configured to perform a second process that uses the input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial and at least a first moment arm polynomial associated with the first muscle length and said at least a first moment arm, respectively;
third logic configured to perform a third process that expands said first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term;
fourth logic configured to perform a fourth process that integrates said at least a first moment arm polynomial to produce one or more integrals;
fifth logic configured to perform a fifth process that joins said one or more integrals with the first muscle length polynomial to obtain a constrained muscle length polynomial;
sixth logic configured to perform a sixth process that differentiates the constrained muscle length polynomial to obtain one or more constrained moment arm polynomials;
seventh logic configured to perform a seventh process that determines whether or not the constrained muscle length polynomial and said one or more constrained moment arm polynomials are further expandable and whether or not further expansion will be beneficial to fitting the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials to the input dataset; and
eighth logic configured to perform an eighth process that approximates dynamics of the device based on the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials obtained by the sixth logic if a determination is made that the further expansion is not possible or that further expansion will not be beneficial. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein if a determination is made by the seventh process that the constrained muscle length and moment arm polynomials are further expandable and that further expansion will be beneficial, the system returns to the third process and causes the third through eighth logic to perform reiterate the third through eighth processes, respectively. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the third process comprises:
generating at least a first list of potential candidates for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term and generating a second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term; selecting a first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial and selecting a second candidate from the second list for expanding the first moment arm polynomial; and expanding the first muscle length polynomial by the first candidate and expanding the first moment arm polynomial by the second candidate. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein during the third process, selecting the first candidate from the first list for expanding the first muscle length polynomial by at least one additional term comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the first list to determine which of the potential candidates on the first list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the first muscle length polynomial to the input dataset. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein during the third process, selecting the second candidate from the second list for expanding said at least a first moment arm polynomial by at least one additional term comprises:
analyzing all of the potential candidates on the second list to determine which of the potential candidates on the second list results in a greatest improvement in fitting the expanded first moment arm polynomial to the input dataset. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein an Akaike information criterion (AIC) is calculated for the input dataset and used in the analysis of the third process that determines which of the potential candidates on the first and second lists result in the greatest improvement in fitting the expanded muscle length polynomial and the expanded first moment arm polynomial, respectively, to the input dataset. 28. A method for more quickly controlling a prosthetic by reducing computational processing time in a muscle model that can be used to control the prosthetic, comprising:
computing a polynomial equation for a muscle that defines approximate values f(x) of muscle lengths, muscle moment arms, or both, in relation to a joint having a plurality of degrees of freedom (DOF) with the following equation: 29. A method for more quickly controlling a prosthetic by reducing computational processing time in a muscle model that can be used to control the prosthetic, comprising:
computing a polynomial equation for a muscle that defines approximate values f(x) of muscle lengths, muscle moment arms, or both, in relation to a joint having a plurality of degrees of freedom (DOF) by including or not including polynomial terms based upon an error between polynomial produced data and recorded data associated with each of the terms. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the inclusion or non-inclusion of each of the polynomial terms is based upon the information tradeoff criterion of the Shannon principal. 31. The method of claim 29, further comprising adding at least one polynomial term that represents a relationship between the joint and another joint. 32. A prosthetic, comprising:
means for storing a first polynomial equation for a muscle that defines approximate values f(x) of muscle lengths in relation to a joint having a plurality of degrees of freedom (DOF) with the following equation: 33. A prosthetic, comprising:
(d) a movable part; (e) a memory storing computer software; (f) a processor that can execute the software, the software comprising:
(3) code that defines a first polynomial equation for a muscle that defines approximate values f(x) of muscle lengths in relation to a joint having a plurality of degrees of freedom (DOF) with the following equation: 34. A method for identification of muscle structure and physiological function based on a composition of one or more polynomials, comprising:
using an input dataset to generate at least a first muscle length polynomial associated with a first muscle, the first muscle length polynomial having a first set of coefficients; obtaining a vector from the first set of coefficients, the vector having a set of elements, wherein each element of the vector corresponds to a specific power combination in an ordered list; and determining a description of a structure and function of the first muscle based on the vector. 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising identifying a graft location for an autotransplant of the first muscle based on the vector. 36. The method of claim 34, further comprising:
using the description of the structure of the muscle to generate desired muscle functionality to prevent actuation of a joint associated with the first muscle from resulting in a risk of injury to the joint or the first muscle. | 1,600 |
345,261 | 16,643,186 | 1,613 | The present disclosure provides a method for selecting a resource for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication by a terminal in a wireless communication system, and a terminal using the method. The method comprises: determining a threshold by measuring a resource during a first time period; determining a resource state in a second time period on the basis of the threshold; and selecting a resource for V2X communication during the second time period on the basis of a determination result. | 1. A method of selecting a resource of a terminal for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
determining a threshold by measuring a resource during a first time interval; determining a resource status in a second time interval based on the threshold; and selecting a resource for the V2X communication in the second time interval based on the determination result. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) in each of candidate resources for the V2X communication during the first time interval. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the threshold is determined as a value corresponding to lower X (X is a natural number) % among RSSI values measured for each of the candidate resources. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a value of the X is determined according to a priority of each packet, delay requirement, reliability, or a service type of data to be transmitted through the V2X communication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource status is one of an idle state and a busy state. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein in a time domain, the second time interval is located after the first time interval. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a resource for the V2X communication is selected in a random manner in the second time interval, when the resource status is idle. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the resource selected in the random manner is periodically re-evaluated, but when a resource status of the selected resource is determined to idle in the periodic re-evaluation process, a counter value is decreased, and when the counter value becomes 0, the V2X communication is performed using the selected resource. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the counter value is maintained, when a resource status of the selected resource is determined to busy in the periodic re-evaluation process. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first time interval is determined based on the second time interval. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold is determined dependently on traffic transmission of other terminals in the first time interval. 12. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
a transceiver for transmitting and receiving wireless signals; and a processor for operating in combination with the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to: determine a threshold by measuring resources during a first time interval, determine a resource status in a second time interval based on the threshold, and select a resource for V2X communication in the second time interval based on the determination result. | The present disclosure provides a method for selecting a resource for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication by a terminal in a wireless communication system, and a terminal using the method. The method comprises: determining a threshold by measuring a resource during a first time period; determining a resource state in a second time period on the basis of the threshold; and selecting a resource for V2X communication during the second time period on the basis of a determination result.1. A method of selecting a resource of a terminal for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
determining a threshold by measuring a resource during a first time interval; determining a resource status in a second time interval based on the threshold; and selecting a resource for the V2X communication in the second time interval based on the determination result. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) in each of candidate resources for the V2X communication during the first time interval. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the threshold is determined as a value corresponding to lower X (X is a natural number) % among RSSI values measured for each of the candidate resources. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a value of the X is determined according to a priority of each packet, delay requirement, reliability, or a service type of data to be transmitted through the V2X communication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource status is one of an idle state and a busy state. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein in a time domain, the second time interval is located after the first time interval. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a resource for the V2X communication is selected in a random manner in the second time interval, when the resource status is idle. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the resource selected in the random manner is periodically re-evaluated, but when a resource status of the selected resource is determined to idle in the periodic re-evaluation process, a counter value is decreased, and when the counter value becomes 0, the V2X communication is performed using the selected resource. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the counter value is maintained, when a resource status of the selected resource is determined to busy in the periodic re-evaluation process. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first time interval is determined based on the second time interval. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold is determined dependently on traffic transmission of other terminals in the first time interval. 12. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
a transceiver for transmitting and receiving wireless signals; and a processor for operating in combination with the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to: determine a threshold by measuring resources during a first time interval, determine a resource status in a second time interval based on the threshold, and select a resource for V2X communication in the second time interval based on the determination result. | 1,600 |
345,262 | 16,643,166 | 1,613 | Polymeric compositions comprising a polybutylene terephthalate; a low-density polyolefin selected from a low-density polyethylene, a polyolefin elastomer, or combinations thereof; and a maleated ethylene-based polymer. Optical cable components fabricated from the polymeric composition. Optionally, the polymeric composition can further comprise one or more additives, such as a filler. The optical fiber cable components can be selected from buffer tubes, core tubes, and slotted core tubes, among others. | 1. A polymeric composition, comprising:
a polybutylene terephthalate; a low-density polyolefin selected from the group consisting of a low-density polyethylene, a polyolefin elastomer, and mixtures thereof; and a maleated ethylene-based polymer. 2. The polymeric composition of claim 1, further comprising an additional component selected from a high-density polyethylene having a density of at least 0.940 g/cm3, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyamide, or combinations of two or more thereof. 3. The polymeric composition of claim 2, wherein the polybutylene terephthalate has a melt index of greater than 10 g/10 min., when measured at 250° C. using a 2.16 Kg weight. 4. The polymeric composition of claim 3, wherein the maleated ethylene-based polymer has a density of at least 0.930 g/cm3. 5. The polymeric composition of claim 4, wherein the maleated ethylene-based polymer is a high-density polyethylene having a density of at least 0.94 g/cm3 and has a maleic anhydride content of at least 0.5 weight percent based on the entire weight of the maleated ethylene-based polymer. 6. The polymeric composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric composition comprises the ethylene-based polymer, wherein the ethylene-based polymer is a high-pressure, low-density polyethylene having a density of less than 0.928 g/cm3 and a melt index of at least 2.0 g/10 min. when measured at 190° C. using a 2.16 Kg weight. 7. The polymeric composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric composition comprises the polyolefin elastomer, wherein the polyolefin elastomer is a propylene-based polyolefin elastomer having a propylene content of greater than 50 weight percent based on the entire weight of the polyolefin elastomer, wherein the polyolefin elastomer has a density of 0.90 g/cm3 or less. 8. The polymeric composition of claim 1, wherein the polybutylene terephthalate is present in an amount ranging from 15 to 85 weight percent, based on the combined weight of the polybutylene terephthalate, the low-density polyolefin, and the maleated ethylene-based polymer;
wherein the low-density polyolefin is present in an amount ranging from 10 to 45 weight percent, based on the combined weight of the polybutylene terephthalate, the low-density polyolefin, and the maleated ethylene-based polymer; wherein the maleated ethylene-based polymer is present in an amount ranging from greater than 0 to 25 weight percent, based on the combined weight of the polybutylene terephthalate, the low-density polyolefin, and the maleated ethylene-based polymer. 9. An extruded optical cable protective component comprising the polymeric composition of claim 1. 10. An optical fiber cable, comprising:
(a) the extruded optical fiber cable protective component of claim 9; and (b) at least one optical fiber transmission medium. | Polymeric compositions comprising a polybutylene terephthalate; a low-density polyolefin selected from a low-density polyethylene, a polyolefin elastomer, or combinations thereof; and a maleated ethylene-based polymer. Optical cable components fabricated from the polymeric composition. Optionally, the polymeric composition can further comprise one or more additives, such as a filler. The optical fiber cable components can be selected from buffer tubes, core tubes, and slotted core tubes, among others.1. A polymeric composition, comprising:
a polybutylene terephthalate; a low-density polyolefin selected from the group consisting of a low-density polyethylene, a polyolefin elastomer, and mixtures thereof; and a maleated ethylene-based polymer. 2. The polymeric composition of claim 1, further comprising an additional component selected from a high-density polyethylene having a density of at least 0.940 g/cm3, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyamide, or combinations of two or more thereof. 3. The polymeric composition of claim 2, wherein the polybutylene terephthalate has a melt index of greater than 10 g/10 min., when measured at 250° C. using a 2.16 Kg weight. 4. The polymeric composition of claim 3, wherein the maleated ethylene-based polymer has a density of at least 0.930 g/cm3. 5. The polymeric composition of claim 4, wherein the maleated ethylene-based polymer is a high-density polyethylene having a density of at least 0.94 g/cm3 and has a maleic anhydride content of at least 0.5 weight percent based on the entire weight of the maleated ethylene-based polymer. 6. The polymeric composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric composition comprises the ethylene-based polymer, wherein the ethylene-based polymer is a high-pressure, low-density polyethylene having a density of less than 0.928 g/cm3 and a melt index of at least 2.0 g/10 min. when measured at 190° C. using a 2.16 Kg weight. 7. The polymeric composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric composition comprises the polyolefin elastomer, wherein the polyolefin elastomer is a propylene-based polyolefin elastomer having a propylene content of greater than 50 weight percent based on the entire weight of the polyolefin elastomer, wherein the polyolefin elastomer has a density of 0.90 g/cm3 or less. 8. The polymeric composition of claim 1, wherein the polybutylene terephthalate is present in an amount ranging from 15 to 85 weight percent, based on the combined weight of the polybutylene terephthalate, the low-density polyolefin, and the maleated ethylene-based polymer;
wherein the low-density polyolefin is present in an amount ranging from 10 to 45 weight percent, based on the combined weight of the polybutylene terephthalate, the low-density polyolefin, and the maleated ethylene-based polymer; wherein the maleated ethylene-based polymer is present in an amount ranging from greater than 0 to 25 weight percent, based on the combined weight of the polybutylene terephthalate, the low-density polyolefin, and the maleated ethylene-based polymer. 9. An extruded optical cable protective component comprising the polymeric composition of claim 1. 10. An optical fiber cable, comprising:
(a) the extruded optical fiber cable protective component of claim 9; and (b) at least one optical fiber transmission medium. | 1,600 |
345,263 | 16,643,149 | 1,613 | An insulating glazing includes a first pane having on an inner-side surface a coating and two busbars for contacting the coating, a second pane, a spacer, which extends peripherally around the first and second panes, two pane contact surfaces, a glazing interior surface, and an outer surface, wherein the first and second pane rest, respectively, against a first and a second pane contact surface of the spacer, an interior, which is enclosed between the first and the second pane, an outer interpane space adjacent the outer surface, in which an outer seal is inserted, and an electrical connection element for electrically contacting the coating having an outer and an inner end, whose outer end protrudes from the outer seal. The inner end of the connection element and one busbar are electrically connected and are arranged between the spacer and the first pane outside the interior formed peripherally by the spacer. | 1. An insulating glazing comprising:
a first pane, which has, on an inner-side surface at least partially, a coating as well as two busbars for contacting the coating, a second pane, a spacer, which extends peripherally around the first and second panes and which has a polymeric main body, two pane contact surfaces, a glazing interior surface, and an outer surface, wherein the first pane rests against a first pane contact surface of the spacer and the second pane rests against a second pane contact surface of the spacer, an interior, which is enclosed between the first and the second pane, an outer interpane space adjacent the outer surface, in which an outer seal is inserted, and an electrical connection element for electrically contacting the coating having an outer and an inner end, whose outer end protrudes from the outer seal, 2. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein an opaque edge region is associated with the inner end of the connection element (15) and the busbar (H) and is provided for covering the inner end of the connection element as well as the busbar. 3. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the connection element is an electrical component. 4. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the connection element is routed laterally out of the insulating glazing. 5. The insulating glazing according to claim 2, wherein the outer opaque edge region extends at an outer edge of the first pane with a width of 10 mm to 35 mm. 6. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the inner end of the connection element contacts the busbar at a distance of 10 mm to 13 mm from an outer edge of the insulating glazing. 7. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first and/or second pane is 4 mm to 19 mm. 8. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the spacer has a height of approximately 9 mm. 9. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the coating is electrically conductive or at least electrically switchable. 10. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the coating is transparent. 11. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the outer seal contains polysulfides, silicones, silicone rubber, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, copolymers and/or mixtures thereof. 12. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the first pane is a composite pane. 13. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the first and/or second pane is/are designed as textured glass. 14. A method for producing an insulating glazing according to claim 1 comprising
electrically contacting a coating with a connection element, wherein the coating is applied on an inner-side surface of a first pane,
b) extruding a spacer comprising a polymeric main body on the first pane such that the spacer surrounds an outer end of the connection element,
c) mounting a second pane on the spacer such that the spacer is arranged, via a pane contact surface in each case, between the first pane and the second pane to form an assembly,
d) pressing the assembly, and
e) inserting an outer seal into the outer interpane space. 15. A method comprising utilizing an insulating glazing according to claim 1 as building interior glazing, building exterior glazing, and/or façade glazing. 16. The insulating glazing according to claim 3, wherein the connection element is a cable and/or a flexible printed circuit board with at least one electrical component. | An insulating glazing includes a first pane having on an inner-side surface a coating and two busbars for contacting the coating, a second pane, a spacer, which extends peripherally around the first and second panes, two pane contact surfaces, a glazing interior surface, and an outer surface, wherein the first and second pane rest, respectively, against a first and a second pane contact surface of the spacer, an interior, which is enclosed between the first and the second pane, an outer interpane space adjacent the outer surface, in which an outer seal is inserted, and an electrical connection element for electrically contacting the coating having an outer and an inner end, whose outer end protrudes from the outer seal. The inner end of the connection element and one busbar are electrically connected and are arranged between the spacer and the first pane outside the interior formed peripherally by the spacer.1. An insulating glazing comprising:
a first pane, which has, on an inner-side surface at least partially, a coating as well as two busbars for contacting the coating, a second pane, a spacer, which extends peripherally around the first and second panes and which has a polymeric main body, two pane contact surfaces, a glazing interior surface, and an outer surface, wherein the first pane rests against a first pane contact surface of the spacer and the second pane rests against a second pane contact surface of the spacer, an interior, which is enclosed between the first and the second pane, an outer interpane space adjacent the outer surface, in which an outer seal is inserted, and an electrical connection element for electrically contacting the coating having an outer and an inner end, whose outer end protrudes from the outer seal, 2. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein an opaque edge region is associated with the inner end of the connection element (15) and the busbar (H) and is provided for covering the inner end of the connection element as well as the busbar. 3. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the connection element is an electrical component. 4. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the connection element is routed laterally out of the insulating glazing. 5. The insulating glazing according to claim 2, wherein the outer opaque edge region extends at an outer edge of the first pane with a width of 10 mm to 35 mm. 6. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the inner end of the connection element contacts the busbar at a distance of 10 mm to 13 mm from an outer edge of the insulating glazing. 7. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first and/or second pane is 4 mm to 19 mm. 8. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the spacer has a height of approximately 9 mm. 9. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the coating is electrically conductive or at least electrically switchable. 10. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the coating is transparent. 11. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the outer seal contains polysulfides, silicones, silicone rubber, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, copolymers and/or mixtures thereof. 12. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the first pane is a composite pane. 13. The insulating glazing according to claim 1, wherein the first and/or second pane is/are designed as textured glass. 14. A method for producing an insulating glazing according to claim 1 comprising
electrically contacting a coating with a connection element, wherein the coating is applied on an inner-side surface of a first pane,
b) extruding a spacer comprising a polymeric main body on the first pane such that the spacer surrounds an outer end of the connection element,
c) mounting a second pane on the spacer such that the spacer is arranged, via a pane contact surface in each case, between the first pane and the second pane to form an assembly,
d) pressing the assembly, and
e) inserting an outer seal into the outer interpane space. 15. A method comprising utilizing an insulating glazing according to claim 1 as building interior glazing, building exterior glazing, and/or façade glazing. 16. The insulating glazing according to claim 3, wherein the connection element is a cable and/or a flexible printed circuit board with at least one electrical component. | 1,600 |
345,264 | 16,643,157 | 1,613 | Provided are an abnormality detection system, an abnormality detection device, an abnormality detection method, a computer program, and a chain that enable detecting of an abnormality not only in a chain but also in equipment using the chain while distinguishing the location at which the abnormality occurs. The abnormality detecting system comprises a sensor unit comprising a sensor, to be fixed to a chain that is to be attached to equipment, and transmitting an output from the sensor, a detection section which detects an abnormality of the chain or the equipment based on the output, and a determining section which determines a location of the abnormality in the equipment, based on a position of a part fixed with the sensor unit in the equipment, the position changes in each time point with moving of the chain. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. An abnormality detection system, comprising:
a sensor unit including a sensor, to be fixed to a chain attachable to equipment, and transmitting an output from the sensor; and a communication apparatus receiving the output from the sensor unit, wherein the sensor is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor, the sensor unit comprises a wireless communication section transmitting data including the output from the sensor, the communication apparatus comprises:
a communication section which receive the data including the output transmitted from the sensor unit;
a detection section which detects an abnormality of the chain or the equipment based on the output; and
a determining section which determines a location of the abnormality, based on a position of a part fixed with the sensor unit in the equipment, the position changes with moving of the chain. 18. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises a position-data obtaining section which obtains position data for determining the position, and transmits data including the output and the position data obtained by the position-data obtaining section. 19. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, further comprising an abnormality output section which outputs an abnormality detected by the detection section in association with a location in the equipment determined by the determining section by means of light or sound. 20. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, further comprising an additional sensor unit including a sensor, to be fixed to a part not moved in the equipment, and transmitting an output from the sensor,
wherein the sensor is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor, the additional sensor unit comprises a wireless communication section transmitting data including the output from the sensor, the detection section of the communication apparatus compares the output transmitted from the sensor unit fixed to the chain and the output transmitted from the additional sensor unit, and detects an abnormality of the chain or the other part, with distinguishing a location of the abnormality. 21. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit are provided with both of an acceleration sensor and an angular velocity sensor, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the acceleration sensor and on an output from the angular velocity sensor. 22. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises a strain detection section which detects a strain of the chain, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the sensor and on an output from the strain detection section. 23. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises a temperature sensor, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the sensor and on an output from the temperature sensor. 24. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises an image sensor located towards outside, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the sensor and on an image sent from the image sensor. 25. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises a sound sensor, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the sensor and on an output sent from the sound sensor. 26. The abnormality detection system according to claim 19, wherein
the abnormality output section includes a display and the display displays image indicating the abnormality detected by the detection section and the determined location in the equipment. 27. The abnormality detection system according to claim 20, wherein the part to be fixed with the additional sensor unit is a sprocket wheel which drives the chain. 28. The abnormality detection system according to claim 20, wherein
the detection section of the communication apparatus compares time distribution of the output transmitted from the sensor unit and time distribution of the output transmitted from the additional sensor unit, and detects an abnormality based on the comparison result. 29. The abnormality detection system according to claim 20, wherein
the detection section of the communication apparatus compares amplitude of the output transmitted from the sensor unit and amplitude of the output transmitted from the additional sensor unit, and detects an abnormality based on the comparison result. 30. An abnormality detection system, comprising:
a sensor unit including a sensor, to be fixed to a chain that is to be attached to equipment, and transmitting an output from the sensor; and a communication apparatus receiving the output from the sensor unit, wherein the sensor is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor, the sensor unit comprises: a detection section which detects an abnormality of the chain or the equipment based on the output from the acceleration sensor or the angular velocity sensor; a determining section which determines a location of the abnormality detected by the detection section in the equipment, based on a position of a part where the sensor unit is fixed to the moving chain in the equipment in each time point. a wireless communication section transmitting the abnormality and the determined location of the abnormality when the abnormality is detected by the detection section. 31. An abnormality detection method, comprising processes of:
obtaining an output transmitted from a sensor unit fixed to a chain attached to equipment, the output being sent from a sensor which is provided to the sensor unit, and which is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor; detecting an abnormality of the chain or the equipment based on the obtained output; determining a location of the detected abnormality based on a position of a location where the sensor unit is fixed in the equipment in each time point; and outputting the detected abnormality in association with the determined location. 32. A chain to which fixed are:
a sensor which is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor; a position-data obtaining section which obtains position data for determining its own position; and a processing section which stores or outputs outwards an output sent from the sensor in association with the position data. | Provided are an abnormality detection system, an abnormality detection device, an abnormality detection method, a computer program, and a chain that enable detecting of an abnormality not only in a chain but also in equipment using the chain while distinguishing the location at which the abnormality occurs. The abnormality detecting system comprises a sensor unit comprising a sensor, to be fixed to a chain that is to be attached to equipment, and transmitting an output from the sensor, a detection section which detects an abnormality of the chain or the equipment based on the output, and a determining section which determines a location of the abnormality in the equipment, based on a position of a part fixed with the sensor unit in the equipment, the position changes in each time point with moving of the chain.1-16. (canceled) 17. An abnormality detection system, comprising:
a sensor unit including a sensor, to be fixed to a chain attachable to equipment, and transmitting an output from the sensor; and a communication apparatus receiving the output from the sensor unit, wherein the sensor is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor, the sensor unit comprises a wireless communication section transmitting data including the output from the sensor, the communication apparatus comprises:
a communication section which receive the data including the output transmitted from the sensor unit;
a detection section which detects an abnormality of the chain or the equipment based on the output; and
a determining section which determines a location of the abnormality, based on a position of a part fixed with the sensor unit in the equipment, the position changes with moving of the chain. 18. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises a position-data obtaining section which obtains position data for determining the position, and transmits data including the output and the position data obtained by the position-data obtaining section. 19. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, further comprising an abnormality output section which outputs an abnormality detected by the detection section in association with a location in the equipment determined by the determining section by means of light or sound. 20. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, further comprising an additional sensor unit including a sensor, to be fixed to a part not moved in the equipment, and transmitting an output from the sensor,
wherein the sensor is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor, the additional sensor unit comprises a wireless communication section transmitting data including the output from the sensor, the detection section of the communication apparatus compares the output transmitted from the sensor unit fixed to the chain and the output transmitted from the additional sensor unit, and detects an abnormality of the chain or the other part, with distinguishing a location of the abnormality. 21. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit are provided with both of an acceleration sensor and an angular velocity sensor, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the acceleration sensor and on an output from the angular velocity sensor. 22. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises a strain detection section which detects a strain of the chain, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the sensor and on an output from the strain detection section. 23. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises a temperature sensor, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the sensor and on an output from the temperature sensor. 24. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises an image sensor located towards outside, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the sensor and on an image sent from the image sensor. 25. The abnormality detection system according to claim 17, wherein
the sensor unit further comprises a sound sensor, and the detection section of the communication apparatus detects an abnormality based on an output from the sensor and on an output sent from the sound sensor. 26. The abnormality detection system according to claim 19, wherein
the abnormality output section includes a display and the display displays image indicating the abnormality detected by the detection section and the determined location in the equipment. 27. The abnormality detection system according to claim 20, wherein the part to be fixed with the additional sensor unit is a sprocket wheel which drives the chain. 28. The abnormality detection system according to claim 20, wherein
the detection section of the communication apparatus compares time distribution of the output transmitted from the sensor unit and time distribution of the output transmitted from the additional sensor unit, and detects an abnormality based on the comparison result. 29. The abnormality detection system according to claim 20, wherein
the detection section of the communication apparatus compares amplitude of the output transmitted from the sensor unit and amplitude of the output transmitted from the additional sensor unit, and detects an abnormality based on the comparison result. 30. An abnormality detection system, comprising:
a sensor unit including a sensor, to be fixed to a chain that is to be attached to equipment, and transmitting an output from the sensor; and a communication apparatus receiving the output from the sensor unit, wherein the sensor is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor, the sensor unit comprises: a detection section which detects an abnormality of the chain or the equipment based on the output from the acceleration sensor or the angular velocity sensor; a determining section which determines a location of the abnormality detected by the detection section in the equipment, based on a position of a part where the sensor unit is fixed to the moving chain in the equipment in each time point. a wireless communication section transmitting the abnormality and the determined location of the abnormality when the abnormality is detected by the detection section. 31. An abnormality detection method, comprising processes of:
obtaining an output transmitted from a sensor unit fixed to a chain attached to equipment, the output being sent from a sensor which is provided to the sensor unit, and which is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor; detecting an abnormality of the chain or the equipment based on the obtained output; determining a location of the detected abnormality based on a position of a location where the sensor unit is fixed in the equipment in each time point; and outputting the detected abnormality in association with the determined location. 32. A chain to which fixed are:
a sensor which is an acceleration sensor or an angular velocity sensor; a position-data obtaining section which obtains position data for determining its own position; and a processing section which stores or outputs outwards an output sent from the sensor in association with the position data. | 1,600 |
345,265 | 16,643,150 | 1,613 | The invention provides for a medical imaging system (100) for acquiring medical image data (144) from an imaging zone (108). The medical imaging system comprises a memory (134) for storing machine executable instructions (140) and medical imaging system commands (142). The medical imaging system commands are configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data according to a medical imaging protocol. The medical imaging system further comprises a user interface (132). The medical imaging system further comprises a processor (130) for controlling the medical imaging system. Execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to: receive (500) scan parameter data (146) for modifying the behavior of the medical imaging system commands; receive (502) metadata (148) descriptive of imaging conditions from the user interface; store (504) configuration data (150, 250, 252, 254) descriptive of a current configuration of the medical imaging system in the memory; calculate (506) an error probability (152) by comparing the metadata, the configuration data, and the scan parameter data using a predefined model (154), wherein the error probability is descriptive of a deviation between the metadata and between the configuration data and/or the scan parameter data; perform (508) a predefined action (158) if the error probability is above a predetermined threshold (156), wherein the predetermined action comprises providing a signal (302) to notify the user; control (510) the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data from a subject (118); receive (512) a response (160) to the signal from the user interface in response to the signal; and reconstruct (514) one or more medical images (162) from the medical image data in accordance with the response. | 1. A medical imaging system for acquiring medical image data from an imaging zone, the medical imaging system comprising:
a memory for storing machine executable instructions and medical imaging system commands, wherein the medical imaging system commands are configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data according to a medical imaging protocol; a user interface; a processor for controlling the medical imaging system, wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive scan parameter data that specify the imaging protocol for modifying the behavior of the medical imaging system commands, the scan parameter data specifying the imaging protocol;
receive metadata descriptive of imaging conditions from the user interface;
store configuration data descriptive of a current configuration of the medical imaging system in the memory, the configuration data being descriptive of the actual mechanical and electrical configuration of the medical image system;
calculate an error probability by comparing the metadata, the configuration data, and the scan parameter data using a predefined model, wherein the error probability is descriptive of a deviation between the metadata and between the configuration data and/or the scan parameter data, and the predefined model represents how metadata, configuration data and scan parameter data form correct combinations or represents likelihoods of such combinations being correct or incorrect;
perform a predefined action if the error probability is above a predetermined threshold, wherein the predetermined action comprises providing a signal to notify the user;
control the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data from a subject;
receive a response to the signal to notify the user from the user interface in response to the signal; and
reconstruct one or more medical images from the medical image data in accordance with the response. 2. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the predefined action comprises displaying a metadata parameter correction box on the user interface, and wherein the metadata parameter correction box comprises a prompt to correct at least a portion of the metadata. 3. The medical imaging system of claim 2, wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to display the metadata parameter correction box before acquisition of the medical image data and/or during acquisition of the medical image data. 4. The medical imaging system of claim 2, wherein computation of the error probability comprises comparing a subject orientation in the metadata and an orientation determined from the configuration data. 5. The medical imaging system of claim 2, wherein computation of the error probability comprises comparing an anatomic region specification in the metadata and an anatomic region determined from the configuration data. 6. The medical imaging system of claim 2, wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to display a set of suggested metadata corrections in the metadata parameter correction box. 7. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the predefined action comprises displaying a scan parameter correction box on the user interface, wherein the scan parameter correction box comprises a prompt to correct at least one scan parameter, and wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to display the scan parameter correction box before acquisition of the medical image data. 8. The medical system of claim 7, wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to display a set of suggested scan parameter corrections in the scan parameter correction box. 9. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the metadata comprises at least one of: a subject orientation of the subject, a subject age of the subject, a subject weight of the subject, specification if the medical image was acquired with or without a contrast agent, a scan type of the medical imaging protocol, and a scan name of the medical imaging protocol. 10. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the configuration data comprises at least one of:
connected coil type; an image of a body position of the subject; a fiducial marker position of a fiducial marker on the subject; weight sensor data descriptive of the weight of the subject; data from survey magnetic resonance image or scout magnetic resonance image of the subject; an applied dose for a CT or an X-ray system for irradiating the subject; a subject weight of the subject; and a subject support position of a subject support of the medical imaging system. 11. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the one or more medical images comprises the metadata. 12. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the predefined model is at least one of: a decision tree, a statistical likely hood model, principal components analysis model, a machine learning model, and a neural network. 13. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the medical imaging system comprises at least one of: a magnetic resonance imaging system, an X-ray machine, a computed tomography system, a PET system, and a SPECT system. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising machine executable instructions for execution by a processor controlling a medical imaging system, wherein the medical imaging system is configured for acquiring medical data from an imaging zone, wherein the medical imaging system comprises a user interface, and wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive scan parameter data for modifying the behavior of medical imaging system commands, wherein the medical imaging system commands are configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data according to a medical imaging protocol, the scan parameter data specifying the imaging protocol; receive metadata descriptive of imaging conditions from the user interface; store configuration data descriptive of a current configuration of the medical imaging system in a memory, the configuration data being descriptive of the actual mechanical and electrical configuration of the medical image system; calculate an error probability by comparing the metadata, the configuration data, and the scan parameter data using a predefined model, wherein the error probability is descriptive of a deviation between the metadata and between the configuration data and/or the scan parameter data, and the predefined model represents how metadata, configuration data and scan parameter data form correct combinations or represents likelihoods of such combinations being correct or incorrect; perform a predefined action if the error probability is above a predetermined threshold, wherein the predetermined action comprises providing a signal to notify the user; control the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data from a subject; receive a response from the user interface in response to the signal; and reconstruct one or more medical images from the medical image data in accordance with the response. 15. A method of operating a medical imaging system, wherein the medical imaging system is configured for acquiring medical image data from an imaging zone, wherein the medical imaging system comprises a user interface, a memory for storing machine executable instructions, and a processor, and wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive scan parameter data for modifying the behavior of medical imaging system commands, wherein the medical imaging system commands are configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data according to a medical imaging protocol, the scan parameter data specifying the imaging protocol; receive metadata descriptive of imaging conditions from the user interface; store configuration data descriptive of a current configuration of the medical imaging system in the memory, the configuration data being descriptive of the actual mechanical and electrical configuration of the medical image system; calculate an error probability by comparing the metadata, the configuration data, and the scan parameter data using a predefined model, wherein the error probability is descriptive of a deviation between the metadata and between the configuration data and/or the scan parameter data, and the predefined model represents how metadata, configuration data and scan parameter data form correct combinations or represents likelihoods of such combinations being correct or incorrect; perform a predefined action if the error probability is above a predetermined threshold, wherein the predetermined action comprises providing a signal to notify the user; control the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data from a subject; receive a response from the user interface in response to the signal; and reconstruct one or more medical images from the medical image data in accordance with the response. | The invention provides for a medical imaging system (100) for acquiring medical image data (144) from an imaging zone (108). The medical imaging system comprises a memory (134) for storing machine executable instructions (140) and medical imaging system commands (142). The medical imaging system commands are configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data according to a medical imaging protocol. The medical imaging system further comprises a user interface (132). The medical imaging system further comprises a processor (130) for controlling the medical imaging system. Execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to: receive (500) scan parameter data (146) for modifying the behavior of the medical imaging system commands; receive (502) metadata (148) descriptive of imaging conditions from the user interface; store (504) configuration data (150, 250, 252, 254) descriptive of a current configuration of the medical imaging system in the memory; calculate (506) an error probability (152) by comparing the metadata, the configuration data, and the scan parameter data using a predefined model (154), wherein the error probability is descriptive of a deviation between the metadata and between the configuration data and/or the scan parameter data; perform (508) a predefined action (158) if the error probability is above a predetermined threshold (156), wherein the predetermined action comprises providing a signal (302) to notify the user; control (510) the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data from a subject (118); receive (512) a response (160) to the signal from the user interface in response to the signal; and reconstruct (514) one or more medical images (162) from the medical image data in accordance with the response.1. A medical imaging system for acquiring medical image data from an imaging zone, the medical imaging system comprising:
a memory for storing machine executable instructions and medical imaging system commands, wherein the medical imaging system commands are configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data according to a medical imaging protocol; a user interface; a processor for controlling the medical imaging system, wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive scan parameter data that specify the imaging protocol for modifying the behavior of the medical imaging system commands, the scan parameter data specifying the imaging protocol;
receive metadata descriptive of imaging conditions from the user interface;
store configuration data descriptive of a current configuration of the medical imaging system in the memory, the configuration data being descriptive of the actual mechanical and electrical configuration of the medical image system;
calculate an error probability by comparing the metadata, the configuration data, and the scan parameter data using a predefined model, wherein the error probability is descriptive of a deviation between the metadata and between the configuration data and/or the scan parameter data, and the predefined model represents how metadata, configuration data and scan parameter data form correct combinations or represents likelihoods of such combinations being correct or incorrect;
perform a predefined action if the error probability is above a predetermined threshold, wherein the predetermined action comprises providing a signal to notify the user;
control the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data from a subject;
receive a response to the signal to notify the user from the user interface in response to the signal; and
reconstruct one or more medical images from the medical image data in accordance with the response. 2. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the predefined action comprises displaying a metadata parameter correction box on the user interface, and wherein the metadata parameter correction box comprises a prompt to correct at least a portion of the metadata. 3. The medical imaging system of claim 2, wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to display the metadata parameter correction box before acquisition of the medical image data and/or during acquisition of the medical image data. 4. The medical imaging system of claim 2, wherein computation of the error probability comprises comparing a subject orientation in the metadata and an orientation determined from the configuration data. 5. The medical imaging system of claim 2, wherein computation of the error probability comprises comparing an anatomic region specification in the metadata and an anatomic region determined from the configuration data. 6. The medical imaging system of claim 2, wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to display a set of suggested metadata corrections in the metadata parameter correction box. 7. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the predefined action comprises displaying a scan parameter correction box on the user interface, wherein the scan parameter correction box comprises a prompt to correct at least one scan parameter, and wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to display the scan parameter correction box before acquisition of the medical image data. 8. The medical system of claim 7, wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to display a set of suggested scan parameter corrections in the scan parameter correction box. 9. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the metadata comprises at least one of: a subject orientation of the subject, a subject age of the subject, a subject weight of the subject, specification if the medical image was acquired with or without a contrast agent, a scan type of the medical imaging protocol, and a scan name of the medical imaging protocol. 10. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the configuration data comprises at least one of:
connected coil type; an image of a body position of the subject; a fiducial marker position of a fiducial marker on the subject; weight sensor data descriptive of the weight of the subject; data from survey magnetic resonance image or scout magnetic resonance image of the subject; an applied dose for a CT or an X-ray system for irradiating the subject; a subject weight of the subject; and a subject support position of a subject support of the medical imaging system. 11. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the one or more medical images comprises the metadata. 12. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the predefined model is at least one of: a decision tree, a statistical likely hood model, principal components analysis model, a machine learning model, and a neural network. 13. The medical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the medical imaging system comprises at least one of: a magnetic resonance imaging system, an X-ray machine, a computed tomography system, a PET system, and a SPECT system. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising machine executable instructions for execution by a processor controlling a medical imaging system, wherein the medical imaging system is configured for acquiring medical data from an imaging zone, wherein the medical imaging system comprises a user interface, and wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive scan parameter data for modifying the behavior of medical imaging system commands, wherein the medical imaging system commands are configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data according to a medical imaging protocol, the scan parameter data specifying the imaging protocol; receive metadata descriptive of imaging conditions from the user interface; store configuration data descriptive of a current configuration of the medical imaging system in a memory, the configuration data being descriptive of the actual mechanical and electrical configuration of the medical image system; calculate an error probability by comparing the metadata, the configuration data, and the scan parameter data using a predefined model, wherein the error probability is descriptive of a deviation between the metadata and between the configuration data and/or the scan parameter data, and the predefined model represents how metadata, configuration data and scan parameter data form correct combinations or represents likelihoods of such combinations being correct or incorrect; perform a predefined action if the error probability is above a predetermined threshold, wherein the predetermined action comprises providing a signal to notify the user; control the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data from a subject; receive a response from the user interface in response to the signal; and reconstruct one or more medical images from the medical image data in accordance with the response. 15. A method of operating a medical imaging system, wherein the medical imaging system is configured for acquiring medical image data from an imaging zone, wherein the medical imaging system comprises a user interface, a memory for storing machine executable instructions, and a processor, and wherein execution of the machine executable instructions cause the processor to:
receive scan parameter data for modifying the behavior of medical imaging system commands, wherein the medical imaging system commands are configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data according to a medical imaging protocol, the scan parameter data specifying the imaging protocol; receive metadata descriptive of imaging conditions from the user interface; store configuration data descriptive of a current configuration of the medical imaging system in the memory, the configuration data being descriptive of the actual mechanical and electrical configuration of the medical image system; calculate an error probability by comparing the metadata, the configuration data, and the scan parameter data using a predefined model, wherein the error probability is descriptive of a deviation between the metadata and between the configuration data and/or the scan parameter data, and the predefined model represents how metadata, configuration data and scan parameter data form correct combinations or represents likelihoods of such combinations being correct or incorrect; perform a predefined action if the error probability is above a predetermined threshold, wherein the predetermined action comprises providing a signal to notify the user; control the medical imaging system to acquire the medical image data from a subject; receive a response from the user interface in response to the signal; and reconstruct one or more medical images from the medical image data in accordance with the response. | 1,600 |
345,266 | 16,643,190 | 1,613 | A system for reducing NOx emission levels during the manufacture of cement clinker having a calciner unit with the following features: an upper portion; a lower portion; a NOx reduction zone in the lower portion; a tertiary air inlet in the upper portion for introducing tertiary air into the upper portion; a main calciner meal inlet located above the NOx reduction zone for introducing a main calciner meal portion into the upper portion; a first cooling calciner meal inlet located in the NOx reduction zone for introducing a first cooling calciner meal portion into a periphery of the NOx reduction zone; and a fuel inlet located in or below the NOx reduction zone for introducing fuel into the reduction zone. | 1. A system (1) for reducing NOx emission levels during the manufacture of cement clinker comprising a calciner unit (11) further comprising:
an upper portion (11 a); a lower portion (11 b); a NOx reduction zone (12) in the lower portion (11 b) having a refractory layer (12 a) on the inside surface thereof; a tertiary air inlet (13) in the upper portion (11 a) for introducing tertiary air into the upper portion (11 a); a main calciner meal inlet (20) located above the NOx reduction zone (12) for introducing a main calciner meal portion into the upper portion (11 a); a first cooling calciner meal inlet (30 a) located in the NOx reduction zone (12) for introducing a first cooling calciner meal portion into a periphery of the NOx reduction zone (12) for forming a peripheral layer of meal in the NOx reduction zone (12) for protecting the refractory layer (12 a) from hot kiln gas; and a fuel inlet (50 a) located in or below the NOx reduction zone (12) for introducing fuel into the NOx reduction zone (12) for supporting a hot core of the hot kiln gas within the peripheral layer of the meal in the NOx reduction zone (12). 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the calciner unit (11) further comprises a restriction means (40) located between the upper portion (11 a) and lower portion (11 b) for inhibiting the main calciner meal portion in the upper portion (11 a) from entering the reduction zone (12). 3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the main calciner meal inlet (20) is located above the tertiary air inlet (13). 4. The system of any of claims 1-3, further comprising a riser unit (21) located below the reduction zone (12) wherein the fuel inlet (50 a) is located below the NOx reduction zone (12) in the riser unit (21). 5. The system of claim 4, wherein a cross-sectional area of the reduction zone (12) is larger than a cross-sectional area of the riser unit (21). 6. The system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the reduction zone (12) comprises a reduction zone inlet cone (18) and wherein the fuel inlet (50 a) is located immediately adjacent to and below the inlet cone (18). 7. The system of any of claims 1-6, wherein the calciner unit (11) further comprises a second cooling calciner meal inlet (30 b) located in the NOx reduction zone (12) positioned laterally opposite the first cooling calciner meal inlet (30 a) for introducing a second cooling calciner meal portion into the periphery of the reduction zone forming a peripheral layer of the meal in the NOx reduction zone (12) for further protecting the refractory layer (12 a) from the hot kiln gas. 8. The system of any of claims 1-7, wherein the first or second cooling calciner meal inlets (30 a, 30 b) located in the NOx reduction zone (12) are arranged such that the cooling calciner meal portion is introduced tangentially into the NOx reduction zone (12). | A system for reducing NOx emission levels during the manufacture of cement clinker having a calciner unit with the following features: an upper portion; a lower portion; a NOx reduction zone in the lower portion; a tertiary air inlet in the upper portion for introducing tertiary air into the upper portion; a main calciner meal inlet located above the NOx reduction zone for introducing a main calciner meal portion into the upper portion; a first cooling calciner meal inlet located in the NOx reduction zone for introducing a first cooling calciner meal portion into a periphery of the NOx reduction zone; and a fuel inlet located in or below the NOx reduction zone for introducing fuel into the reduction zone.1. A system (1) for reducing NOx emission levels during the manufacture of cement clinker comprising a calciner unit (11) further comprising:
an upper portion (11 a); a lower portion (11 b); a NOx reduction zone (12) in the lower portion (11 b) having a refractory layer (12 a) on the inside surface thereof; a tertiary air inlet (13) in the upper portion (11 a) for introducing tertiary air into the upper portion (11 a); a main calciner meal inlet (20) located above the NOx reduction zone (12) for introducing a main calciner meal portion into the upper portion (11 a); a first cooling calciner meal inlet (30 a) located in the NOx reduction zone (12) for introducing a first cooling calciner meal portion into a periphery of the NOx reduction zone (12) for forming a peripheral layer of meal in the NOx reduction zone (12) for protecting the refractory layer (12 a) from hot kiln gas; and a fuel inlet (50 a) located in or below the NOx reduction zone (12) for introducing fuel into the NOx reduction zone (12) for supporting a hot core of the hot kiln gas within the peripheral layer of the meal in the NOx reduction zone (12). 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the calciner unit (11) further comprises a restriction means (40) located between the upper portion (11 a) and lower portion (11 b) for inhibiting the main calciner meal portion in the upper portion (11 a) from entering the reduction zone (12). 3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the main calciner meal inlet (20) is located above the tertiary air inlet (13). 4. The system of any of claims 1-3, further comprising a riser unit (21) located below the reduction zone (12) wherein the fuel inlet (50 a) is located below the NOx reduction zone (12) in the riser unit (21). 5. The system of claim 4, wherein a cross-sectional area of the reduction zone (12) is larger than a cross-sectional area of the riser unit (21). 6. The system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the reduction zone (12) comprises a reduction zone inlet cone (18) and wherein the fuel inlet (50 a) is located immediately adjacent to and below the inlet cone (18). 7. The system of any of claims 1-6, wherein the calciner unit (11) further comprises a second cooling calciner meal inlet (30 b) located in the NOx reduction zone (12) positioned laterally opposite the first cooling calciner meal inlet (30 a) for introducing a second cooling calciner meal portion into the periphery of the reduction zone forming a peripheral layer of the meal in the NOx reduction zone (12) for further protecting the refractory layer (12 a) from the hot kiln gas. 8. The system of any of claims 1-7, wherein the first or second cooling calciner meal inlets (30 a, 30 b) located in the NOx reduction zone (12) are arranged such that the cooling calciner meal portion is introduced tangentially into the NOx reduction zone (12). | 1,600 |
345,267 | 16,643,198 | 1,613 | Described herein are methods of using inhaled nitric oxide for treating pulmonary hypertension and/or improving oxygen saturation in a patient with a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and/or pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. A method of treating pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease, the method comprising:
administering an effective amount of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to a patient in need thereof, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 5 to about 70 mcg/kg IBW/hr for at least 2 weeks. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein treating pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease comprises improving oxygen saturation. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered to the patient during the first half of inspiration. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered in combination with an effective amount of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 2 hours a day. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 6 hours a day. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 12 hours a day. 11. The method of claim 4, wherein the patient has WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD). 12. The method of claim 4, wherein the patient has WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PH-IPF). 13. The method of claim 4, wherein the patient has WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD). 14. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 4 weeks. 15. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 3 months. 16. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 15 mcg/kg IBW/hr to about 45 mcg/kg IBW/hr. 17. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 30 mcg/kg IBW/hr. 18. The method of claim 4, wherein the administration of iNO provides an increase in SpO2 Nadir during a six-minute walk test (6MWT) after 4 weeks of iNO administration. 19. The method of claim 4, wherein the administration of iNO provides an increase in average SpO2 during a six-minute walk test (6MWT) after 4 weeks of iNO administration. 20. (canceled) 21. A method of treating WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD), the method comprising:
administering an effective amount of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to a patient in need thereof, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 45 mcg/kg IBW/hr for at least 2 weeks. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the PH-ILD comprises WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PH-IPF). 23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the iNO is administered in combination with an effective amount of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). 25. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 45 mcg/kg IBW/hr. | Described herein are methods of using inhaled nitric oxide for treating pulmonary hypertension and/or improving oxygen saturation in a patient with a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and/or pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. A method of treating pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease, the method comprising:
administering an effective amount of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to a patient in need thereof, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 5 to about 70 mcg/kg IBW/hr for at least 2 weeks. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein treating pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease comprises improving oxygen saturation. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered to the patient during the first half of inspiration. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered in combination with an effective amount of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 2 hours a day. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 6 hours a day. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 12 hours a day. 11. The method of claim 4, wherein the patient has WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD). 12. The method of claim 4, wherein the patient has WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PH-IPF). 13. The method of claim 4, wherein the patient has WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD). 14. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 4 weeks. 15. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered for at least 3 months. 16. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 15 mcg/kg IBW/hr to about 45 mcg/kg IBW/hr. 17. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 30 mcg/kg IBW/hr. 18. The method of claim 4, wherein the administration of iNO provides an increase in SpO2 Nadir during a six-minute walk test (6MWT) after 4 weeks of iNO administration. 19. The method of claim 4, wherein the administration of iNO provides an increase in average SpO2 during a six-minute walk test (6MWT) after 4 weeks of iNO administration. 20. (canceled) 21. A method of treating WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD), the method comprising:
administering an effective amount of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to a patient in need thereof, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 45 mcg/kg IBW/hr for at least 2 weeks. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the PH-ILD comprises WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PH-IPF). 23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the iNO is administered in combination with an effective amount of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). 25. The method of claim 4, wherein the iNO is administered at a dose of about 45 mcg/kg IBW/hr. | 1,600 |
345,268 | 16,643,153 | 1,613 | An earplug assembly and method of forming the same is described. The method includes uniaxially stretching a cord formed of copolymer including ethylene segments and vinyl acetate segments to form a cold-drawn cord. The cold drawn cord has an elongation to break of 250% or less. The method then includes fixing the cold drawn cord to an earplug. | 1. A method comprising:
uniaxially stretching a cord formed of copolymer comprising ethylene segments and vinyl acetate segments to form a cold-drawn cord, the cold drawn cord having an elongation to break of 250% or less; and fixing the cold drawn cord to an earplug. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cold drawn cord has an elongation to break of 200% or less. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the uniaxially stretching step comprises uniaxially stretching the cord at least 250%. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cold drawn cord has an elastic modulus of 10 MPa or greater at 100% elongation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cold drawn cord has an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or greater at 100% elongation. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cord has an elastic modulus of 7 MPa or less at 100% elongation. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the uniaxially stretching step comprises uniaxially stretching the cord having an initial diameter to a cold-drawn cord having a cold-drawn diameter in a range from 40% to 80% of the initial diameter. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein cold drawn cord has a uniform diameter in a range from 0.08 to 1.6 mm. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising fixing the cold drawn cord to a second earplug. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fixing step comprises fixing the cold drawn cord to a portion of the earplug formed of polypropylene. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer comprises from 80 to 70% wt ethylene segments and from 20 to 30 wt % vinyl acetate segments. 12. An earplug assembly comprising:
an earplug; and a flexible cord extending from a first cord end to a second cord end and the first cord end fixed to the earplug, the flexible cord formed of copolymer comprising ethylene segments and vinyl acetate segments, and the flexible cord having an elastic modulus of 10 MPa or greater at 100% elongation. 13. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord has an elongation to break of less than 250%. 14. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, further comprising a second earplug fixed to the second cord end. 15. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord has an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or greater at 100% elongation. 16. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord has a uniform diameter in a range from 0.8 to 1.6 mm. 17. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord is uniaxially orientated. 18. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord is thermally bonded to the earplug. 19. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the first cord end is fixed to a portion of the earplug formed of polypropylene. 20. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the copolymer comprises from 80 to 70% wt ethylene segments and from 20 to 30 wt % vinyl acetate segments. | An earplug assembly and method of forming the same is described. The method includes uniaxially stretching a cord formed of copolymer including ethylene segments and vinyl acetate segments to form a cold-drawn cord. The cold drawn cord has an elongation to break of 250% or less. The method then includes fixing the cold drawn cord to an earplug.1. A method comprising:
uniaxially stretching a cord formed of copolymer comprising ethylene segments and vinyl acetate segments to form a cold-drawn cord, the cold drawn cord having an elongation to break of 250% or less; and fixing the cold drawn cord to an earplug. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cold drawn cord has an elongation to break of 200% or less. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the uniaxially stretching step comprises uniaxially stretching the cord at least 250%. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cold drawn cord has an elastic modulus of 10 MPa or greater at 100% elongation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cold drawn cord has an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or greater at 100% elongation. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cord has an elastic modulus of 7 MPa or less at 100% elongation. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the uniaxially stretching step comprises uniaxially stretching the cord having an initial diameter to a cold-drawn cord having a cold-drawn diameter in a range from 40% to 80% of the initial diameter. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein cold drawn cord has a uniform diameter in a range from 0.08 to 1.6 mm. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising fixing the cold drawn cord to a second earplug. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fixing step comprises fixing the cold drawn cord to a portion of the earplug formed of polypropylene. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer comprises from 80 to 70% wt ethylene segments and from 20 to 30 wt % vinyl acetate segments. 12. An earplug assembly comprising:
an earplug; and a flexible cord extending from a first cord end to a second cord end and the first cord end fixed to the earplug, the flexible cord formed of copolymer comprising ethylene segments and vinyl acetate segments, and the flexible cord having an elastic modulus of 10 MPa or greater at 100% elongation. 13. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord has an elongation to break of less than 250%. 14. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, further comprising a second earplug fixed to the second cord end. 15. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord has an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or greater at 100% elongation. 16. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord has a uniform diameter in a range from 0.8 to 1.6 mm. 17. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord is uniaxially orientated. 18. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the flexible cord is thermally bonded to the earplug. 19. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the first cord end is fixed to a portion of the earplug formed of polypropylene. 20. The earplug assembly according to claim 12, wherein the copolymer comprises from 80 to 70% wt ethylene segments and from 20 to 30 wt % vinyl acetate segments. | 1,600 |
345,269 | 16,643,177 | 1,613 | Disclosed herein are superabsorbent hydrogels formed using okara particles and polymeric chains. The hydrogel contains crosslinks, which are provided by crosslinking groups between the polymeric chains or by a plurality of polymer chains being bonded to each okara particle (with each of these chains being bonded to at least one further okara particle too). The resulting superabsorbent hydrogels are useful in aiding plant growth, nutrition and hydration, and may be mixed with soil to form a composite material for such purposes. | 1. A superabsorbent hydrogel comprising a crosslinked polymeric network comprising polymeric chains grafted onto particles of okara, wherein the crosslinks are formed through:
the polymeric chains; and/or each okara particle being bonded to one or more polymeric chains. 2. The hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the okara particles are one or more of unfractionated okara particles, water-insoluble okara particles, and water-soluble okara particles. 3. The hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogel further comprises a plant nutrient material. 4. The hydrogel according to claim 3, wherein the plant nutrient material is urea. 5. The hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric chains are formed from poly(acrylic acid), poly(acrylamide) or copolymers thereof. 6. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the crosslinks formed through the polymeric chains are derived from a bisacrylamide crosslinking agent. 7. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the crosslinking agent is present in the hydrogel in an amount of from 0.010 to 2 dry wt % of the hydrogel. 8. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the okara particles form from 15 to 50 dry wt % and the polymeric chain forms from 50 to 85 dry wt % of the hydrogel. 9. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the polymeric chains are a copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide. 10. The hydrogel according to claim 9, wherein the weight to weight ratio of acrylic acid to acrylamide in the polymeric chains is from 1:10 to 10:1. 11. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogel has an equilibrium swelling value of from 90 to 500 at a pH value of around 7. 12. The hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogel is formed by the reaction of carboxylated okara particles that comprise one or more carboxylic acid functional groups with polymeric chains that comprise two or more epoxide groups, where an ester linkage is formed by reaction of a carboxylate group with an epoxide. 13. The hydrogel according to claim 12, wherein the polymeric chains that comprise two or more epoxide linkages are polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. 14. The hydrogel according to claim 12, wherein the weight to weight ratio of carboxylated okara to polymeric chains that comprise two or more epoxide groups is from 1:2 to 2:1. 15. The hydrogel according to claim 12, wherein the hydrogel has an equilibrium swelling value of from 10 to 110. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. A composite material suitable for use in growing plants, comprising a soil and a superabsorbent hydrogel as defined in claim 1. 19. The composite material according to claim 18, wherein the composite material comprises from 0.5 to 10 dry wt % of the hydrogel. 20. (canceled) 21. The composite material according to claim 19, wherein the composite material has a water holding percentage of from 125 to 250%. 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. A method of forming a superabsorbent hydrogel as defined in claim 5, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous suspension of okara; (b) adding a radical initiator to the aqueous suspension to form a first reaction mixture that was aged for a first period of time; and (c) adding acrylic acid and/or acrylamide with a crosslinking agent to the first reaction mixture to form a second reaction mixture that was aged for a second period of time to form the superabsorbent hydrogel. 25. A method of forming a superabsorbent hydrogel as defined in claim 12, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous suspension of carboxylated okara in an alkaline aqueous solution; and (b) adding a polymeric chain material that has two or more epoxide groups to the aqueous suspension to react with the carboxylated okara to form the superabsorbent hydrogel. | Disclosed herein are superabsorbent hydrogels formed using okara particles and polymeric chains. The hydrogel contains crosslinks, which are provided by crosslinking groups between the polymeric chains or by a plurality of polymer chains being bonded to each okara particle (with each of these chains being bonded to at least one further okara particle too). The resulting superabsorbent hydrogels are useful in aiding plant growth, nutrition and hydration, and may be mixed with soil to form a composite material for such purposes.1. A superabsorbent hydrogel comprising a crosslinked polymeric network comprising polymeric chains grafted onto particles of okara, wherein the crosslinks are formed through:
the polymeric chains; and/or each okara particle being bonded to one or more polymeric chains. 2. The hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the okara particles are one or more of unfractionated okara particles, water-insoluble okara particles, and water-soluble okara particles. 3. The hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogel further comprises a plant nutrient material. 4. The hydrogel according to claim 3, wherein the plant nutrient material is urea. 5. The hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric chains are formed from poly(acrylic acid), poly(acrylamide) or copolymers thereof. 6. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the crosslinks formed through the polymeric chains are derived from a bisacrylamide crosslinking agent. 7. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the crosslinking agent is present in the hydrogel in an amount of from 0.010 to 2 dry wt % of the hydrogel. 8. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the okara particles form from 15 to 50 dry wt % and the polymeric chain forms from 50 to 85 dry wt % of the hydrogel. 9. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the polymeric chains are a copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide. 10. The hydrogel according to claim 9, wherein the weight to weight ratio of acrylic acid to acrylamide in the polymeric chains is from 1:10 to 10:1. 11. The hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogel has an equilibrium swelling value of from 90 to 500 at a pH value of around 7. 12. The hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogel is formed by the reaction of carboxylated okara particles that comprise one or more carboxylic acid functional groups with polymeric chains that comprise two or more epoxide groups, where an ester linkage is formed by reaction of a carboxylate group with an epoxide. 13. The hydrogel according to claim 12, wherein the polymeric chains that comprise two or more epoxide linkages are polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. 14. The hydrogel according to claim 12, wherein the weight to weight ratio of carboxylated okara to polymeric chains that comprise two or more epoxide groups is from 1:2 to 2:1. 15. The hydrogel according to claim 12, wherein the hydrogel has an equilibrium swelling value of from 10 to 110. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. A composite material suitable for use in growing plants, comprising a soil and a superabsorbent hydrogel as defined in claim 1. 19. The composite material according to claim 18, wherein the composite material comprises from 0.5 to 10 dry wt % of the hydrogel. 20. (canceled) 21. The composite material according to claim 19, wherein the composite material has a water holding percentage of from 125 to 250%. 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. A method of forming a superabsorbent hydrogel as defined in claim 5, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous suspension of okara; (b) adding a radical initiator to the aqueous suspension to form a first reaction mixture that was aged for a first period of time; and (c) adding acrylic acid and/or acrylamide with a crosslinking agent to the first reaction mixture to form a second reaction mixture that was aged for a second period of time to form the superabsorbent hydrogel. 25. A method of forming a superabsorbent hydrogel as defined in claim 12, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous suspension of carboxylated okara in an alkaline aqueous solution; and (b) adding a polymeric chain material that has two or more epoxide groups to the aqueous suspension to react with the carboxylated okara to form the superabsorbent hydrogel. | 1,600 |
345,270 | 16,643,185 | 1,613 | The present invention relates to a method for producing functionally improved carbolime from carbolime, and also functionally improved carbolime, which can be produced according to the inventive method, and the use of functionally improved carbolime as filtering aid, as filler, as lime fertilizer or as adsorbent for the adsorption of dyes. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A method for producing functionally improved carbolime from carbolime, comprising the following method steps:
a) providing a carbolime having an average particle size of no more than 20 μm, containing at least 85% by weight CaCO3 and no more than 1% by weight organic non-sugar substances (each DS (dry substance), based on the DS of the carbolime); b) carbonatating the carbolime; c) removing a dye-containing liquid phase from the carbonatated carbolime to obtain a precursor of functionally improved carbolime; and d) obtaining the functionally improved carbolime. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein a dilution of the carbolime is carried out between method steps a) and b), between method step b) and c) or between method steps a) and b) as well as b) and c). 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step d) is obtained from the precursor of functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step c) by means of at least one membrane filter press. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step d) has a CaCO3 content of at least 90% by weight (DS, based on the functionally improved carbolime). 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein, subsequent to method step c), Ca(OH)2 is added to the precursor of functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step c). 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein the carbolime provided in method step a) has a dry substance content of 55 to 80% by weight (based on the total weight of the carbolime). 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the carbolime used for the carbonatation in method step b) has a dry substance content of 25 to 40% by weight (based on the total weight of the carbolime to be carbonatated). 21. The method according to claim 14, wherein the carbonated carbolime, which is fed to the removal in method step c), has a dry substance content of 15 to 30% by weight (based on the total weight of the carbonatated carbolime). 22. The method according to claim 14, wherein the functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step d) has a dry substance content of 85 to 95% by weight (based on the total weight of the functionally improved carbolime). 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the carbolime used in method step a) is a colloid-reduced carbolime. 24. Functionally improved carbolime, producible by a method according to claim 1. 25. Use of the functionally improved carbolime according to claim 24 as a filtering aid, as a filler, as a lime fertilizer or as an adsorbent for the adsorption of dyes. 26. Use of the functionally improved carbolime according to claim 14 for juice purification. | The present invention relates to a method for producing functionally improved carbolime from carbolime, and also functionally improved carbolime, which can be produced according to the inventive method, and the use of functionally improved carbolime as filtering aid, as filler, as lime fertilizer or as adsorbent for the adsorption of dyes.1-13. (canceled) 14. A method for producing functionally improved carbolime from carbolime, comprising the following method steps:
a) providing a carbolime having an average particle size of no more than 20 μm, containing at least 85% by weight CaCO3 and no more than 1% by weight organic non-sugar substances (each DS (dry substance), based on the DS of the carbolime); b) carbonatating the carbolime; c) removing a dye-containing liquid phase from the carbonatated carbolime to obtain a precursor of functionally improved carbolime; and d) obtaining the functionally improved carbolime. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein a dilution of the carbolime is carried out between method steps a) and b), between method step b) and c) or between method steps a) and b) as well as b) and c). 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step d) is obtained from the precursor of functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step c) by means of at least one membrane filter press. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step d) has a CaCO3 content of at least 90% by weight (DS, based on the functionally improved carbolime). 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein, subsequent to method step c), Ca(OH)2 is added to the precursor of functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step c). 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein the carbolime provided in method step a) has a dry substance content of 55 to 80% by weight (based on the total weight of the carbolime). 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the carbolime used for the carbonatation in method step b) has a dry substance content of 25 to 40% by weight (based on the total weight of the carbolime to be carbonatated). 21. The method according to claim 14, wherein the carbonated carbolime, which is fed to the removal in method step c), has a dry substance content of 15 to 30% by weight (based on the total weight of the carbonatated carbolime). 22. The method according to claim 14, wherein the functionally improved carbolime obtained in method step d) has a dry substance content of 85 to 95% by weight (based on the total weight of the functionally improved carbolime). 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the carbolime used in method step a) is a colloid-reduced carbolime. 24. Functionally improved carbolime, producible by a method according to claim 1. 25. Use of the functionally improved carbolime according to claim 24 as a filtering aid, as a filler, as a lime fertilizer or as an adsorbent for the adsorption of dyes. 26. Use of the functionally improved carbolime according to claim 14 for juice purification. | 1,600 |
345,271 | 16,643,178 | 1,613 | A fastening arrangement including a grommet, which is configured as a substantially cylindrical sleeve with a head part, with a hollow-cylindrical shaft and with a conical tip, and also a fastener and a nut, for example made of plastic, which is fitted on the first threaded portion of the fastener. The fastener has two threaded portions, wherein one threaded portion is configured as a right-hand thread and the other threaded portion is configured as a left-hand thread (or vice versa). Moreover, the invention comprises a mounting method for such a fastening arrangement, in which the setting operation (anchoring of the fastener, adjustment of the sheath) can be managed in one step without changing the driving direction of the setting tool. | 1. A fastener, comprising:
a head, a shaft adjoining said head, and a tip adjoining said shaft, a first thread section on the shaft close to the tip, a second thread section on the shaft close to the head, a nut fitted on the second thread section, a further thread section close to the tip, a stop arranged between the first thread section and the second thread section, and the first thread section close to the tip is formed as a right-hand thread and the thread section close to the head is formed as a left-hand thread, or the first thread section close to the tip is formed as a left-hand thread and the thread section close to the head is formed as a right-hand thread. 2. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nut is molded from plastic or is a sheet-metal molded part or deep-drawn part. 3. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stop comprises part of a ring-shaped bead, a section with enlarged core diameter of a thread-free section, or runout facing the tip of the second thread section close to the head. 4. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a thread-free shaft region arranged between the first thread section and the stop. 5. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tip comprises a drill tip. 6. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pitch of the thread in the first thread section differs from a pitch in the thread section. 7. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nut has a cylindrical shape about a central axis of rotation and, at one longitudinal end, has a force engagement projection or recess. 8. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein outer diameters of the first thread section close to the tip and of the stop are less than a free inner thread diameter of the nut. 9. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second thread section has a weakened form at least in a region where the nut is arranged. 10. The fastener as claimed in claim 9, wherein the nut or the region is arranged on a thread runout close to the head of the second thread section. 11. The fastener as claimed in claim 9, wherein the region is formed as a thread-free section. 12. A fastening arrangement comprising
a grommet formed as a substantially cylindrical sleeve having a head part, a hollow-cylindrical shaft and a conical tip, and a fastener as claimed in claim 1. 13. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 12, the conical tip of the grommet has a passage opening having a diameter that is less than an inner diameter of a cylindrical inner space of the shaft, and the cylindrical inner space and the passage opening have a common central axis. 14. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 13, wherein a transition region between the cylindrical passage opening and the cylindrical inner space forms a substantially radially symmetrical, planar or slightly conical stop surface. 15. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 14, wherein the head of the grommet
either has a flange-shaped form, configured to form a holding surface for a load distribution disk, or an integral radial head widening. 16. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 12, wherein the nut is molded from plastic, and is injected directly onto a section of the second thread section close to the head. 17. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 12, wherein the nut is pushed onto or screwed onto a section of the thread section close to the head. 18. A method for mounting a fastening arrangement, comprising the following steps:
providing a fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 14 in which the fastener is introduced with the nut into the inner space of the grommet, pushing or screwing the fastening arrangement into a building envelope comprised at least of a cover film, an insulation layer and a support sheet, drilling-through the support sheet with the aid of the tip which is configured as a drill tip until the support sheet abuts against the stop and the fastener overwinds, securing the nut against rotational movement of the fastener by a tool by moving the nut on the second thread section of the fastener in a direction of the tip, abutting the nut against the stop surface of the grommet and driving the grommet by the nut during a further rotational movement of the fastener, and ending the rotational movement upon attainment of a placement depth of the grommet. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein a driving direction of the fastener is maintained during the entire placement operation of the fastening arrangement. | A fastening arrangement including a grommet, which is configured as a substantially cylindrical sleeve with a head part, with a hollow-cylindrical shaft and with a conical tip, and also a fastener and a nut, for example made of plastic, which is fitted on the first threaded portion of the fastener. The fastener has two threaded portions, wherein one threaded portion is configured as a right-hand thread and the other threaded portion is configured as a left-hand thread (or vice versa). Moreover, the invention comprises a mounting method for such a fastening arrangement, in which the setting operation (anchoring of the fastener, adjustment of the sheath) can be managed in one step without changing the driving direction of the setting tool.1. A fastener, comprising:
a head, a shaft adjoining said head, and a tip adjoining said shaft, a first thread section on the shaft close to the tip, a second thread section on the shaft close to the head, a nut fitted on the second thread section, a further thread section close to the tip, a stop arranged between the first thread section and the second thread section, and the first thread section close to the tip is formed as a right-hand thread and the thread section close to the head is formed as a left-hand thread, or the first thread section close to the tip is formed as a left-hand thread and the thread section close to the head is formed as a right-hand thread. 2. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nut is molded from plastic or is a sheet-metal molded part or deep-drawn part. 3. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stop comprises part of a ring-shaped bead, a section with enlarged core diameter of a thread-free section, or runout facing the tip of the second thread section close to the head. 4. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a thread-free shaft region arranged between the first thread section and the stop. 5. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tip comprises a drill tip. 6. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pitch of the thread in the first thread section differs from a pitch in the thread section. 7. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nut has a cylindrical shape about a central axis of rotation and, at one longitudinal end, has a force engagement projection or recess. 8. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein outer diameters of the first thread section close to the tip and of the stop are less than a free inner thread diameter of the nut. 9. The fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second thread section has a weakened form at least in a region where the nut is arranged. 10. The fastener as claimed in claim 9, wherein the nut or the region is arranged on a thread runout close to the head of the second thread section. 11. The fastener as claimed in claim 9, wherein the region is formed as a thread-free section. 12. A fastening arrangement comprising
a grommet formed as a substantially cylindrical sleeve having a head part, a hollow-cylindrical shaft and a conical tip, and a fastener as claimed in claim 1. 13. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 12, the conical tip of the grommet has a passage opening having a diameter that is less than an inner diameter of a cylindrical inner space of the shaft, and the cylindrical inner space and the passage opening have a common central axis. 14. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 13, wherein a transition region between the cylindrical passage opening and the cylindrical inner space forms a substantially radially symmetrical, planar or slightly conical stop surface. 15. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 14, wherein the head of the grommet
either has a flange-shaped form, configured to form a holding surface for a load distribution disk, or an integral radial head widening. 16. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 12, wherein the nut is molded from plastic, and is injected directly onto a section of the second thread section close to the head. 17. The fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 12, wherein the nut is pushed onto or screwed onto a section of the thread section close to the head. 18. A method for mounting a fastening arrangement, comprising the following steps:
providing a fastening arrangement as claimed in claim 14 in which the fastener is introduced with the nut into the inner space of the grommet, pushing or screwing the fastening arrangement into a building envelope comprised at least of a cover film, an insulation layer and a support sheet, drilling-through the support sheet with the aid of the tip which is configured as a drill tip until the support sheet abuts against the stop and the fastener overwinds, securing the nut against rotational movement of the fastener by a tool by moving the nut on the second thread section of the fastener in a direction of the tip, abutting the nut against the stop surface of the grommet and driving the grommet by the nut during a further rotational movement of the fastener, and ending the rotational movement upon attainment of a placement depth of the grommet. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein a driving direction of the fastener is maintained during the entire placement operation of the fastening arrangement. | 1,600 |
345,272 | 16,643,191 | 1,613 | Method and device for calculating an indicator indicative of stress and device for on-line detecting stress using individual heart beat ECG features of data acquired from a subject, comprising: obtaining a data sample of each heart beat individually from the acquired data; calculating the fiducial features from each said data sample; classifying each data sample as indicative of stressed or not-stressed, using a pretrained classifier which was previously trained using the same fiducial heart beat features from previously acquired reference data samples from individual heart beats, determining an indication of stress as detected when at least one data sample is classified as stressed. Stress can be determined as detected when one data sample is classified as stressed over a time duration of: only one heart beat and the RR distance between said one heart beat and the previous heart beat. | 1. A method for on-line determining an indicator indicative of stress using individual heart beat ECG features of data acquired from an individual subject, comprising:
obtaining a data sample of each heart beat individually from the acquired data; using an electronic data processor for calculating a set of fiducial heart beat features from each said data sample of an individual heart beat; using the electronic data processor for classifying each data sample as indicative of stressed or not-stressed, using a pretrained classifier which was previously trained using the same fiducial heart beat features from previously acquired reference data samples each from individual heart beats of said individual subject; and determining the indicator of stress as detected when at least one data sample of an individual heart beat is classified as indicative of stressed, wherein the fiducial heart beat features comprise RT and QTinterval. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fiducial heart beat features further comprise ST, QR, STc and RR. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fiducial heart beat features further comprise QRS and ST_interval. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication of stress is determined beat-to-beat and is determined as detected when one data sample is classified as indicative of stressed over a time duration of only one heart beat and an RR distance between said one heart beat and the previous heart beat. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fiducial features consist of the fiducial features: RR, QR, RT, STc, QTinterval, and ST_interval. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication of stress is determined as detected when 1-50, 1-20, 1-10, 1-5, 1-2, or only 1 data samples, each of an individual heart beat, are classified as indicative of stressed. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication of stress is determined as detected when a majority of data samples, each of an individual heart beat, are classified as indicative of stressed over a predetermined duration of the acquired data. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication of stress is determined as detected when a predetermined number of consecutive data samples of individual heart beats are classified as indicative of stressed. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pretrained classifier is selected from the group consisting of: a Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Kernel Support Vector Machine (K-SVM), a K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and a Random Forest classifier. 10. The method according to any claim 1, wherein the determining of the indication of stress comprises determining the indication of stress under a predetermined time interval after the beginning of a detection of a class indicative of stress interval of said subject. 11. A non-transitory storage media including program instructions for implementing a method for on-line detecting stress using individual heart beat ECG features of data acquired from a subject, the program instructions including instructions executable by an electronic data processor to carry out the method of claim 1. 12. A device for on-line detecting stress using individual heart beat ECG features of data acquired from an individual subject, comprising an electronic data processor and data storage media configured for:
obtaining a data sample of each heart beat individually from the acquired data; calculating a set of fiducial heart beat features from each said data sample of an individual heart beat; classifying each heart beat data sample as stressed or not-stressed, using a pretrained classifier which was previously trained using the same fiducial features from previously acquired reference data samples each from individual heart beats of said individual subject; and determining stress as detected when at least one data sample is classified as stressed, wherein the fiducial heart beat features comprise RT and QT interval. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the fiducial heart beat features further comprise ST, QR and RR. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the fiducial heart beat features further comprise QRS and ST_interval. 15. The device according to claim 12, wherein stress is determined beat-to-beat and determined as detected when one data sample is classified as stressed over a time duration of only one heart beat and the RR distance between said one heart beat and the previous heart beat. 16. The device according to claim 12, wherein the fiducial heart beat features consist of the fiducial features: RR, QR, RT, STc, QT interval, and ST_interval. 17. The device according to claim 12, wherein the pretrained classifier is selected from the group consisting of: a Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Kernel Support Vector Machine (K-SVM), a K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and a Random Forest classifier. 18. The device according to claim 12, wherein the detecting of stress comprises detecting stress under a predetermined time interval after a heart beat classified as stressed. 19. The device according to claim 12, wherein the device is a wearable device. | Method and device for calculating an indicator indicative of stress and device for on-line detecting stress using individual heart beat ECG features of data acquired from a subject, comprising: obtaining a data sample of each heart beat individually from the acquired data; calculating the fiducial features from each said data sample; classifying each data sample as indicative of stressed or not-stressed, using a pretrained classifier which was previously trained using the same fiducial heart beat features from previously acquired reference data samples from individual heart beats, determining an indication of stress as detected when at least one data sample is classified as stressed. Stress can be determined as detected when one data sample is classified as stressed over a time duration of: only one heart beat and the RR distance between said one heart beat and the previous heart beat.1. A method for on-line determining an indicator indicative of stress using individual heart beat ECG features of data acquired from an individual subject, comprising:
obtaining a data sample of each heart beat individually from the acquired data; using an electronic data processor for calculating a set of fiducial heart beat features from each said data sample of an individual heart beat; using the electronic data processor for classifying each data sample as indicative of stressed or not-stressed, using a pretrained classifier which was previously trained using the same fiducial heart beat features from previously acquired reference data samples each from individual heart beats of said individual subject; and determining the indicator of stress as detected when at least one data sample of an individual heart beat is classified as indicative of stressed, wherein the fiducial heart beat features comprise RT and QTinterval. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fiducial heart beat features further comprise ST, QR, STc and RR. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fiducial heart beat features further comprise QRS and ST_interval. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication of stress is determined beat-to-beat and is determined as detected when one data sample is classified as indicative of stressed over a time duration of only one heart beat and an RR distance between said one heart beat and the previous heart beat. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fiducial features consist of the fiducial features: RR, QR, RT, STc, QTinterval, and ST_interval. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication of stress is determined as detected when 1-50, 1-20, 1-10, 1-5, 1-2, or only 1 data samples, each of an individual heart beat, are classified as indicative of stressed. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication of stress is determined as detected when a majority of data samples, each of an individual heart beat, are classified as indicative of stressed over a predetermined duration of the acquired data. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indication of stress is determined as detected when a predetermined number of consecutive data samples of individual heart beats are classified as indicative of stressed. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pretrained classifier is selected from the group consisting of: a Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Kernel Support Vector Machine (K-SVM), a K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and a Random Forest classifier. 10. The method according to any claim 1, wherein the determining of the indication of stress comprises determining the indication of stress under a predetermined time interval after the beginning of a detection of a class indicative of stress interval of said subject. 11. A non-transitory storage media including program instructions for implementing a method for on-line detecting stress using individual heart beat ECG features of data acquired from a subject, the program instructions including instructions executable by an electronic data processor to carry out the method of claim 1. 12. A device for on-line detecting stress using individual heart beat ECG features of data acquired from an individual subject, comprising an electronic data processor and data storage media configured for:
obtaining a data sample of each heart beat individually from the acquired data; calculating a set of fiducial heart beat features from each said data sample of an individual heart beat; classifying each heart beat data sample as stressed or not-stressed, using a pretrained classifier which was previously trained using the same fiducial features from previously acquired reference data samples each from individual heart beats of said individual subject; and determining stress as detected when at least one data sample is classified as stressed, wherein the fiducial heart beat features comprise RT and QT interval. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the fiducial heart beat features further comprise ST, QR and RR. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the fiducial heart beat features further comprise QRS and ST_interval. 15. The device according to claim 12, wherein stress is determined beat-to-beat and determined as detected when one data sample is classified as stressed over a time duration of only one heart beat and the RR distance between said one heart beat and the previous heart beat. 16. The device according to claim 12, wherein the fiducial heart beat features consist of the fiducial features: RR, QR, RT, STc, QT interval, and ST_interval. 17. The device according to claim 12, wherein the pretrained classifier is selected from the group consisting of: a Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Kernel Support Vector Machine (K-SVM), a K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and a Random Forest classifier. 18. The device according to claim 12, wherein the detecting of stress comprises detecting stress under a predetermined time interval after a heart beat classified as stressed. 19. The device according to claim 12, wherein the device is a wearable device. | 1,600 |
345,273 | 16,643,202 | 1,613 | The present invention relates to sports equipment, namely, to roller skates design enabling an athlete to achieve high speed of movement with better comfort and improved motion control, in particular, in case of movement on a lower quality road surfaces. Roller skates consist of two skates—right and left ones, each comprising a spatial rectangular frame with its upper surface adapted to be attached to a frame of the corresponding shoe, either left or right one, and its lower side having two pairs of rollers pivotally attached thereto such that the rollers may rotate being in contact with the roadway and the rollers' axes are parallel to the frame plane, and according to the invention each pair of front and rear rollers of each skate is pivotally attached to the corresponding Z-shaped wheel arm, either front or rear one, which has its central section pivotally attached to the corresponding smaller side of the spatial rectangular frame, and the distance between the axes of the inner rollers of a skate is greater than the distance between the axes of the external rollers. The present invention is aimed to provide such roller skates, which would be more reliable and safe due to increased stability of the skates during movement, also in case of lower quality road surface and during cornering. This objective is achieved by way of creating conditions for uniform distribution of the load arising from the weight of the athlete during movement among all four rollers of each skate, even when moving on a lower quality road surface. | 1. Roller skates consisting of two skates—right and left ones, each comprising a spatial rectangular frame with its upper surface adapted to be attached to a frame of the corresponding shoe, either left or right one, and its lower side having two pairs of rollers pivotally attached thereto such that the rollers may rotate being in contact with the roadway and the rollers' axes are parallel to the frame plane, wherein each pair of front and rear rollers of each skate is pivotally attached to the corresponding Z-shaped wheel arm, either front or rear one, which has its central section pivotally attached to the corresponding smaller side of the spatial rectangular frame, and the distance between the axes of the inner rollers of a skate is greater than the distance between the axes of the external rollers. 2. Roller skates according to claim 1, wherein each Z-shaped wheel arm is pivotally attached to its corresponding smaller side of the spatial rectangular frame by means of an elastic plastic sliding bearing. 3. Roller skates according to claim 1, wherein the spatial rectangular frame is provided with four spacing collars having limiters mounted thereon, one per each roller, said limiters being installed with the possibility to limit inclination of the frame during movement, for example, when cornering. 4. Roller skates according to claim 1, wherein the maximum distance L1 between the axes of the inner rollers of each skate and the maximum distance L2 between the axes of external rollers are defined by the following equation: L1=(1.2−1.5) L2. 5. Roller skates according to claim 1, wherein the spatial rectangular frame of each skate has a U-shaped cross-section, and its side parts are directed downwards. | The present invention relates to sports equipment, namely, to roller skates design enabling an athlete to achieve high speed of movement with better comfort and improved motion control, in particular, in case of movement on a lower quality road surfaces. Roller skates consist of two skates—right and left ones, each comprising a spatial rectangular frame with its upper surface adapted to be attached to a frame of the corresponding shoe, either left or right one, and its lower side having two pairs of rollers pivotally attached thereto such that the rollers may rotate being in contact with the roadway and the rollers' axes are parallel to the frame plane, and according to the invention each pair of front and rear rollers of each skate is pivotally attached to the corresponding Z-shaped wheel arm, either front or rear one, which has its central section pivotally attached to the corresponding smaller side of the spatial rectangular frame, and the distance between the axes of the inner rollers of a skate is greater than the distance between the axes of the external rollers. The present invention is aimed to provide such roller skates, which would be more reliable and safe due to increased stability of the skates during movement, also in case of lower quality road surface and during cornering. This objective is achieved by way of creating conditions for uniform distribution of the load arising from the weight of the athlete during movement among all four rollers of each skate, even when moving on a lower quality road surface.1. Roller skates consisting of two skates—right and left ones, each comprising a spatial rectangular frame with its upper surface adapted to be attached to a frame of the corresponding shoe, either left or right one, and its lower side having two pairs of rollers pivotally attached thereto such that the rollers may rotate being in contact with the roadway and the rollers' axes are parallel to the frame plane, wherein each pair of front and rear rollers of each skate is pivotally attached to the corresponding Z-shaped wheel arm, either front or rear one, which has its central section pivotally attached to the corresponding smaller side of the spatial rectangular frame, and the distance between the axes of the inner rollers of a skate is greater than the distance between the axes of the external rollers. 2. Roller skates according to claim 1, wherein each Z-shaped wheel arm is pivotally attached to its corresponding smaller side of the spatial rectangular frame by means of an elastic plastic sliding bearing. 3. Roller skates according to claim 1, wherein the spatial rectangular frame is provided with four spacing collars having limiters mounted thereon, one per each roller, said limiters being installed with the possibility to limit inclination of the frame during movement, for example, when cornering. 4. Roller skates according to claim 1, wherein the maximum distance L1 between the axes of the inner rollers of each skate and the maximum distance L2 between the axes of external rollers are defined by the following equation: L1=(1.2−1.5) L2. 5. Roller skates according to claim 1, wherein the spatial rectangular frame of each skate has a U-shaped cross-section, and its side parts are directed downwards. | 1,600 |
345,274 | 16,643,188 | 1,613 | An injection-molding method for manufacturing a half-shell of a liquid container for a motor vehicle, comprising the following steps: providing a barrier film in a cavity of an injection-molding tool, the cavity being provided for the purpose of shaping the half-shell; providing a barrier sleeve in the cavity; injecting plasticized injection-molding material into the cavity, wherein plasticized injection-molding material is sprayed onto the barrier film and/or the barrier film is back-injected with plasticized injection-molding material; and wherein the barrier sleeve is back-injected with plasticized injection-molding material and/or overmolded with plasticized injection-molding material to form a connection element of the half-shell. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A method for manufacturing a half-shell of a liquid container for a motor vehicle, comprising:
providing a barrier film in a cavity of an injection-molding tool; providing a barrier sleeve in the cavity; injecting plasticized injection-molding material into the cavity, wherein the plasticized injection-molding material is applied onto the barrier film and/or the barrier film is back-injected with the plasticized injection-molding material; wherein the barrier sleeve is back-injected with the plasticized injection-molding material and/or overmolded with the plasticized injection-molding material to form a connection element of the half-shell; and wherein the connection element comprises an adapter. 16. The method as set forth in claim 15, further comprising:
inserting the barrier sleeve into a recess to shape the connection element; and/or pushing the barrier sleeve onto a mandrel of the injection-molding tool. 17. The method as set forth in claim 15, wherein:
a longitudinal axis of a through hole of the barrier sleeve is oriented transverse to an outer surface or an inner surface of the barrier film; and/or the barrier film rests against the barrier sleeve. 18. The method as set forth in claim 15, wherein:
a through hole of the barrier film is arranged so as to be flush with a through hole of the barrier sleeve at least in some portion; and/or a through hole of the barrier film and a through hole of the barrier sleeve are arranged coaxially at least in some portion. 19. The method as set forth in claim 15, wherein:
the barrier sleeve is seated at least partially in a through hole of the barrier film. 20. The method as set forth in claim 15, further comprising:
integrally connecting the barrier sleeve and the barrier film; and/or integrally connecting the plasticized injection-molding material to the barrier sleeve and/or the barrier film. 21. A liquid container for a motor vehicle, comprising:
two connected half-shells that define a storage volume to hold a liquid; wherein at least one of the half-shells has a barrier film as a diffusion barrier and has a connection element to connect a hose or pipe; and wherein at least one barrier sleeve is associated with the connection element that forms a diffusion barrier in a region of the connection element. 22. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
a longitudinal axis of a through hole of the barrier sleeve is oriented transverse to an outer surface or an inner surface of the barrier film. 23. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
a through hole of the barrier film is arranged so as to be flush with a through hole of the barrier sleeve at least in some portion; and/or a through hole of the barrier film and a through hole of the barrier sleeve are arranged coaxially at least in some portion; and/or the barrier sleeve is seated at least partially in a through hole of the barrier film. 24. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
the barrier film and/or the barrier sleeve is a monolayer; and/or the barrier film and/or the barrier sleeve is multilayered; and/or the barrier film is perforated. 25. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
a through hole of the connection element has a curved shape or has a bend. 26. The liquid container as set forth in claim 25, wherein:
the bend of the connection element is at least a 45° bend. 27. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
the barrier film and the barrier sleeve are arranged so as to overlap at least in some portion; and/or the barrier film has a flange or funnel shape at least in some portion; and/or the barrier sleeve has a flange or funnel shape at least in some portion. 28. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
the barrier film and the barrier sleeve are integrally connected to one another; and/or at least one of the barrier film and the barrier sleeve is connected to an injection-molding material of the half-shell. 29. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
the barrier film has a wall thickness in a range from 100 μm to 1000 μm; and/or the barrier sleeve has a wall thickness in a range from 100 μm to 1000 μm. | An injection-molding method for manufacturing a half-shell of a liquid container for a motor vehicle, comprising the following steps: providing a barrier film in a cavity of an injection-molding tool, the cavity being provided for the purpose of shaping the half-shell; providing a barrier sleeve in the cavity; injecting plasticized injection-molding material into the cavity, wherein plasticized injection-molding material is sprayed onto the barrier film and/or the barrier film is back-injected with plasticized injection-molding material; and wherein the barrier sleeve is back-injected with plasticized injection-molding material and/or overmolded with plasticized injection-molding material to form a connection element of the half-shell.1-14. (canceled) 15. A method for manufacturing a half-shell of a liquid container for a motor vehicle, comprising:
providing a barrier film in a cavity of an injection-molding tool; providing a barrier sleeve in the cavity; injecting plasticized injection-molding material into the cavity, wherein the plasticized injection-molding material is applied onto the barrier film and/or the barrier film is back-injected with the plasticized injection-molding material; wherein the barrier sleeve is back-injected with the plasticized injection-molding material and/or overmolded with the plasticized injection-molding material to form a connection element of the half-shell; and wherein the connection element comprises an adapter. 16. The method as set forth in claim 15, further comprising:
inserting the barrier sleeve into a recess to shape the connection element; and/or pushing the barrier sleeve onto a mandrel of the injection-molding tool. 17. The method as set forth in claim 15, wherein:
a longitudinal axis of a through hole of the barrier sleeve is oriented transverse to an outer surface or an inner surface of the barrier film; and/or the barrier film rests against the barrier sleeve. 18. The method as set forth in claim 15, wherein:
a through hole of the barrier film is arranged so as to be flush with a through hole of the barrier sleeve at least in some portion; and/or a through hole of the barrier film and a through hole of the barrier sleeve are arranged coaxially at least in some portion. 19. The method as set forth in claim 15, wherein:
the barrier sleeve is seated at least partially in a through hole of the barrier film. 20. The method as set forth in claim 15, further comprising:
integrally connecting the barrier sleeve and the barrier film; and/or integrally connecting the plasticized injection-molding material to the barrier sleeve and/or the barrier film. 21. A liquid container for a motor vehicle, comprising:
two connected half-shells that define a storage volume to hold a liquid; wherein at least one of the half-shells has a barrier film as a diffusion barrier and has a connection element to connect a hose or pipe; and wherein at least one barrier sleeve is associated with the connection element that forms a diffusion barrier in a region of the connection element. 22. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
a longitudinal axis of a through hole of the barrier sleeve is oriented transverse to an outer surface or an inner surface of the barrier film. 23. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
a through hole of the barrier film is arranged so as to be flush with a through hole of the barrier sleeve at least in some portion; and/or a through hole of the barrier film and a through hole of the barrier sleeve are arranged coaxially at least in some portion; and/or the barrier sleeve is seated at least partially in a through hole of the barrier film. 24. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
the barrier film and/or the barrier sleeve is a monolayer; and/or the barrier film and/or the barrier sleeve is multilayered; and/or the barrier film is perforated. 25. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
a through hole of the connection element has a curved shape or has a bend. 26. The liquid container as set forth in claim 25, wherein:
the bend of the connection element is at least a 45° bend. 27. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
the barrier film and the barrier sleeve are arranged so as to overlap at least in some portion; and/or the barrier film has a flange or funnel shape at least in some portion; and/or the barrier sleeve has a flange or funnel shape at least in some portion. 28. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
the barrier film and the barrier sleeve are integrally connected to one another; and/or at least one of the barrier film and the barrier sleeve is connected to an injection-molding material of the half-shell. 29. The liquid container as set forth in claim 21, wherein:
the barrier film has a wall thickness in a range from 100 μm to 1000 μm; and/or the barrier sleeve has a wall thickness in a range from 100 μm to 1000 μm. | 1,600 |
345,275 | 16,643,196 | 1,613 | A nitrogenous heterocyclic compound, a preparation method, an intermediate, a composition, and an application. The present invention provides a nitrogenous heterocyclic compound as represented by formula I, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, enantiomers thereof, diastereoisomers thereof, tautomers thereof, solvates thereof, metabolites thereof, or prodrugs thereof. The compound has high inhibitory activity against ErbB2 tyrosine kinase, has good inhibitory activity against human breast cancer cells BT-474, human gastric cancer cells NCI-N87 and the like with high expression of ErbB2, and in addition has relatively weak inhibitory activity against EGFR kinase, that is, the compound is an EGFR/ErbB2 double target inhibitor that attenuates EGFR kinase inhibitory activity or a small-molecule inhibitor having selectivity for an ErbB2 target. (I) | 1. A nitrogenous heterocyclic compound represented by formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an enantiomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, a solvate thereof, a metabolite thereof or a prodrug thereof; 2. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, 3. The compound I as defined in claim 2, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 4. The compound I as defined in claim 2, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 5. The compound I as defined in claim 3, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 6. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the R3-0 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy is 7. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, A is —O—;
and/or, n is 1;
and/or, Y is CH;
and/or, G is N or C—CN;
and/or, m is 1 or 2. 8. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-1 substituted or unsubstituted “3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-2 substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered cycloalkenyl;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is independently R3-5 substituted or unsubstituted “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is N(R3-6)(R3-7)—;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH—;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH—. 9. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, when m is 2, then R3 is R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is R3-5 substituted or unsubstituted “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH— and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH— and R3-0 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxyl, respectively. 10. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in R3, R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”, “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”, (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH—, or, (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH—, is located at the para position relative to the N atom in 11. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the A is —O—;
and/or, when n is 1, then the compound I is 12. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein,
E is 13. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, E is 14. A nitrogenous heterocyclic compound represented by formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an enantiomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, a solvate thereof, a metabolite thereof or a prodrug thereof; 15. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, 16. The compound I as defined in claim 15, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 17. The compound I as defined in claim 15, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 18. The compound I as defined in claim 16, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 19. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the R3-0 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy is 20. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, A is —O— or —S—;
and/or, n is 1;
and/or, Y is CH;
and/or, G is N;
and/or, m is 1 or 2. 21. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-1 substituted or unsubstituted “3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-2 substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered cycloalkenyl;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is independently R3-5 substituted or unsubstituted “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is N(R3-6)(R3-7)—;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH—;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH—. 22. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, when m is 2, then R3 is R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is R3-5 substituted or unsubstituted “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH— and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH— and C1-C6 alkoxyl, respectively. 23. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in R3, R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”, “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”, (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH—, or, (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH—, is located at the para position relative to the N atom in 24. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the A is —O—;
and/or, when n is 1, then the compound I is 25. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the compound I is any one of the following compounds: 26. A compound 20, 21, 22, 23, 37, 26, 27, 38 or 28 as shown below: 27. A method for treating a patient in need of a medicament for inhibiting EGFR or ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, comprising administering to the patient a medicament comprising an effective amount of the nitrogenous heterocyclic compound, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof as defined in claim 1. 28. (canceled) 29. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the nitrogenous heterocyclic compound, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof as defined in claim 1, and at least one pharmaceutical excipient. 30. A method for treating a patient in need of a medicament for inhibiting EGFR or ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, comprising administering to the patient the pharmaceutical composition as defined in claim 29. 31. The method as defined in claim 27, wherein the medicament for inhibiting EGFR or ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is a medicament for selectively inhibiting ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. 32. The method as defined in claim 31, wherein the medicament for selectively inhibiting ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is used to treat breast cancer or gastric cancer. | A nitrogenous heterocyclic compound, a preparation method, an intermediate, a composition, and an application. The present invention provides a nitrogenous heterocyclic compound as represented by formula I, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, enantiomers thereof, diastereoisomers thereof, tautomers thereof, solvates thereof, metabolites thereof, or prodrugs thereof. The compound has high inhibitory activity against ErbB2 tyrosine kinase, has good inhibitory activity against human breast cancer cells BT-474, human gastric cancer cells NCI-N87 and the like with high expression of ErbB2, and in addition has relatively weak inhibitory activity against EGFR kinase, that is, the compound is an EGFR/ErbB2 double target inhibitor that attenuates EGFR kinase inhibitory activity or a small-molecule inhibitor having selectivity for an ErbB2 target. (I)1. A nitrogenous heterocyclic compound represented by formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an enantiomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, a solvate thereof, a metabolite thereof or a prodrug thereof; 2. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, 3. The compound I as defined in claim 2, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 4. The compound I as defined in claim 2, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 5. The compound I as defined in claim 3, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 6. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the R3-0 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy is 7. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, A is —O—;
and/or, n is 1;
and/or, Y is CH;
and/or, G is N or C—CN;
and/or, m is 1 or 2. 8. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-1 substituted or unsubstituted “3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-2 substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered cycloalkenyl;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is independently R3-5 substituted or unsubstituted “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is N(R3-6)(R3-7)—;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH—;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH—. 9. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, when m is 2, then R3 is R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is R3-5 substituted or unsubstituted “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH— and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH— and R3-0 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxyl, respectively. 10. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in R3, R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”, “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”, (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH—, or, (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH—, is located at the para position relative to the N atom in 11. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the A is —O—;
and/or, when n is 1, then the compound I is 12. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein,
E is 13. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, E is 14. A nitrogenous heterocyclic compound represented by formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an enantiomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, a solvate thereof, a metabolite thereof or a prodrug thereof; 15. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, 16. The compound I as defined in claim 15, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 17. The compound I as defined in claim 15, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 18. The compound I as defined in claim 16, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in the E, when the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” is “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms”, the “9-10 membered fused heteroaryl containing 1-4 N atoms” is 19. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the R3-0 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy is 20. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, A is —O— or —S—;
and/or, n is 1;
and/or, Y is CH;
and/or, G is N;
and/or, m is 1 or 2. 21. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-1 substituted or unsubstituted “3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-2 substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered cycloalkenyl;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is independently R3-5 substituted or unsubstituted “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is N(R3-6)(R3-7)—;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH—;
or, when m is 1, then R3 is (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH—. 22. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, when m is 2, then R3 is R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is R3-5 substituted or unsubstituted “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S” and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH— and halogen, respectively;
or, when m is 2, then R3 is (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH— and C1-C6 alkoxyl, respectively. 23. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, in R3, R3-3 substituted or unsubstituted “5-7 membered heterocycloalkenyl containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”, “5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S”, (R3-8)(R3-9)N—(Z)—HC═CH—, or, (R3-10)(R3-11)C═C(R3-12)—C(═O)—NH—, is located at the para position relative to the N atom in 24. The compound I as defined in claim 14, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the A is —O—;
and/or, when n is 1, then the compound I is 25. The compound I as defined in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof, wherein, the compound I is any one of the following compounds: 26. A compound 20, 21, 22, 23, 37, 26, 27, 38 or 28 as shown below: 27. A method for treating a patient in need of a medicament for inhibiting EGFR or ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, comprising administering to the patient a medicament comprising an effective amount of the nitrogenous heterocyclic compound, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof as defined in claim 1. 28. (canceled) 29. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the nitrogenous heterocyclic compound, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the enantiomer thereof, the diastereomer thereof, the tautomer thereof, the solvate thereof, the metabolite thereof or the prodrug thereof as defined in claim 1, and at least one pharmaceutical excipient. 30. A method for treating a patient in need of a medicament for inhibiting EGFR or ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, comprising administering to the patient the pharmaceutical composition as defined in claim 29. 31. The method as defined in claim 27, wherein the medicament for inhibiting EGFR or ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is a medicament for selectively inhibiting ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. 32. The method as defined in claim 31, wherein the medicament for selectively inhibiting ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is used to treat breast cancer or gastric cancer. | 1,600 |
345,276 | 16,643,130 | 1,613 | A cement kiln burner device includes a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel having means for swirling a powdered-solid-fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid- fuel flow channel having means for swirling an air flow; a second air flow channel placed outside the first air flow channel having means for straightly forwarding an air flow; a third air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel having means for swirling an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the third air flow channel. The second air flow channel includes an opening portion forming a port for injecting an air flow, and a closed portion covered for preventing an air flow from passing therethrough. The opening portion and the closed portion are alternately arranged in a circumferential direction. | 1. A cement kiln burner device including a plurality of flow channels partitioned by a plurality of concentric cylindrical members, the cement kiln burner device comprising:
a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel including means for swirling a powdered-solid-fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the first air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; a second air flow channel placed outside the first air flow channel to be adjacent to the first air flow channel, the second air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow; a third air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the third air flow channel, wherein of the first air flow channel, the second air flow channel, and the third air flow channel, only the second air flow channel includes an opening portion forming a port for injecting an air flow, and a closed portion covered for preventing an air flow from passing therethrough, and the opening portion and the closed portion are alternately arranged in a circumferential direction. 2. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, wherein an opening-portion rate, which is a ratio of a total area of the opening portion to an entire area of the second air flow channel when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, is equal to or more than 20 area % and less than 80 area %, with respect to the entire area corresponding to 100 area %. 3. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the opening portions and a plurality of the closed portions are placed at positions which are rotationally symmetric about the axis center of the second air flow channel. 4. A method for operating a cement kiln burner device comprising;
providing the cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, and setting a flow velocity at a burner tip in the second air flow channel 100 m/s to 400 m/s. 5. The method for operating a cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, wherein
the powdered-solid-fuel flow from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle of 0 degree to 15 degrees at the burner tip, the air flow from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 1 degree to 50 degrees at the burner tip, and the air flow from the third air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 6. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 60 m/s to 240 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the third air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 7. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, wherein a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in the second air flow channel is larger than a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in each of other air flow channels. 8. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, wherein a combustible solid waste ejected from the combustible-solid-waste flow channel has a particle size of 30 mm or less. 9. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the opening portions and a plurality of the closed portions are placed at positions which are rotationally symmetric about the axis center of the second air flow channel. 10. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, wherein a flow velocity at a burner tip in the second air flow channel is 100 m/s to 400 m/s. 11. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, wherein a flow velocity at a burner tip in the second air flow channel is 100 m/s to 400 m/s. 12. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 10, wherein
the powdered-solid-fuel flow from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle of 0 degree to 15 degrees at the burner tip, the air flow from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 1 degree to 50 degrees at the burner tip, and the air flow from the third air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 13. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 11, wherein
the powdered-solid-fuel flow from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle of 0 degree to 15 degrees at the burner tip, the air flow from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 1 degree to 50 degrees at the burner tip, and the air flow from the third air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 14. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 60 m/s to 240 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the third air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 15. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 12, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 60 m/s to 240 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the third air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 16. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 13, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 60 m/s to 240 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the third air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 17. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in the second air flow channel is larger than a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in each of other air flow channels. 18. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 6, wherein a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in the second air flow channel is larger than a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in each of other air flow channels. | A cement kiln burner device includes a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel having means for swirling a powdered-solid-fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid- fuel flow channel having means for swirling an air flow; a second air flow channel placed outside the first air flow channel having means for straightly forwarding an air flow; a third air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel having means for swirling an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the third air flow channel. The second air flow channel includes an opening portion forming a port for injecting an air flow, and a closed portion covered for preventing an air flow from passing therethrough. The opening portion and the closed portion are alternately arranged in a circumferential direction.1. A cement kiln burner device including a plurality of flow channels partitioned by a plurality of concentric cylindrical members, the cement kiln burner device comprising:
a powdered-solid-fuel flow channel including means for swirling a powdered-solid-fuel flow; a first air flow channel placed outside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the first air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; a second air flow channel placed outside the first air flow channel to be adjacent to the first air flow channel, the second air flow channel including means for straightly forwarding an air flow; a third air flow channel placed inside the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel to be adjacent to the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel, the third air flow channel including means for swirling an air flow; and a combustible-solid-waste flow channel placed inside the third air flow channel, wherein of the first air flow channel, the second air flow channel, and the third air flow channel, only the second air flow channel includes an opening portion forming a port for injecting an air flow, and a closed portion covered for preventing an air flow from passing therethrough, and the opening portion and the closed portion are alternately arranged in a circumferential direction. 2. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, wherein an opening-portion rate, which is a ratio of a total area of the opening portion to an entire area of the second air flow channel when the second air flow channel is taken along a plane orthogonal to an axis center, is equal to or more than 20 area % and less than 80 area %, with respect to the entire area corresponding to 100 area %. 3. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the opening portions and a plurality of the closed portions are placed at positions which are rotationally symmetric about the axis center of the second air flow channel. 4. A method for operating a cement kiln burner device comprising;
providing the cement kiln burner device according to claim 1, and setting a flow velocity at a burner tip in the second air flow channel 100 m/s to 400 m/s. 5. The method for operating a cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, wherein
the powdered-solid-fuel flow from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle of 0 degree to 15 degrees at the burner tip, the air flow from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 1 degree to 50 degrees at the burner tip, and the air flow from the third air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 6. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 60 m/s to 240 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the third air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 7. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, wherein a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in the second air flow channel is larger than a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in each of other air flow channels. 8. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 4, wherein a combustible solid waste ejected from the combustible-solid-waste flow channel has a particle size of 30 mm or less. 9. The cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the opening portions and a plurality of the closed portions are placed at positions which are rotationally symmetric about the axis center of the second air flow channel. 10. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 2, wherein a flow velocity at a burner tip in the second air flow channel is 100 m/s to 400 m/s. 11. A method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 3, wherein a flow velocity at a burner tip in the second air flow channel is 100 m/s to 400 m/s. 12. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 10, wherein
the powdered-solid-fuel flow from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle of 0 degree to 15 degrees at the burner tip, the air flow from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 1 degree to 50 degrees at the burner tip, and the air flow from the third air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 13. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 11, wherein
the powdered-solid-fuel flow from the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel has a swirl angle of 0 degree to 15 degrees at the burner tip, the air flow from the first air flow channel has a swirl angle of 1 degree to 50 degrees at the burner tip, and the air flow from the third air flow channel has a swirl angle of 30 degrees to 50 degrees at the burner tip. 14. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 60 m/s to 240 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the third air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 15. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 12, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 60 m/s to 240 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the third air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 16. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 13, wherein
a flow velocity at the burner tip in the powdered-solid-fuel flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the first air flow channel is 60 m/s to 240 m/s, a flow velocity at the burner tip in the third air flow channel is 5 m/s to 240 m/s, and a flow velocity at the burner tip in the combustible-solid-waste flow channel is 30 m/s to 80 m/s. 17. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 5, wherein a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in the second air flow channel is larger than a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in each of other air flow channels. 18. The method for operating the cement kiln burner device according to claim 6, wherein a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in the second air flow channel is larger than a product of an amount of primary air (m3N/min) and a burner-tip flow velocity (m/s) of the air flow at the burner tip in each of other air flow channels. | 1,600 |
345,277 | 16,643,192 | 1,613 | Systems and methods for presenting content to a user are described. A trained neural network is stored in memory, defining input nodes representing respective attribute values of attribute types, and weights embodying strengths of connections between the input nodes and hidden nodes, as trained for the particular user. Sub-models of the neural network are defined from sets of input nodes of the same attribute type and a corresponding hidden state matrix of trained weights. A request for content assets is processed using a retrieved first sub-model corresponding to a query attribute type and second sub-model corresponding to a target attribute type, to determine relevancy parameters for the user. Content assets are selected for presentation by a media receiver device, based on the determined relevancy parameters. Other embodiments are also described and claimed. | 1. A computer-implemented method of presenting content to a user, comprising steps performed by one or more computer processors of:
storing, in a memory, data defining a trained neural network including a plurality of input nodes each connected to a plurality of hidden nodes, each input node representing an associated attribute value of one of a plurality of predefined attribute types, each connection having an associated weight embodying a strength of connection between the corresponding nodes as trained for the particular user, and wherein each set of input nodes corresponding to the same attribute type forms a respective sub-model of the neural network, each sub-model consisting a hidden state matrix of trained weights between the associated set of input nodes and said plurality of hidden nodes; processing a request for content assets, the request identifying an attribute value of a query attribute type, by:
retrieving, from the memory, first and second sub-models of the trained neural network, the first sub-model corresponding to a query attribute type and the second sub-model corresponding to a target attribute type;
determining one or more relevancy parameters for the user by combining the hidden state matrices of the retrieved first and second sub-models, and using the attribute value identified in the request as an index to retrieve a hidden state vector from the combined hidden state matrix, the hidden state vector defining parameters embodying predicted relevancy between the query attribute type and the target attribute type for the user; and
in response to determining the one or more relevancy parameters for the user, selecting one or more content assets for presentation by a media receiver device, wherein the or each selected content asset is based on a determined relevancy parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the hidden state matrices comprises multiplying the first hidden state matrix with a transpose of the second hidden state matrix. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the attribute value identified in the request is used as an index to address a row of the matrix multiplication result. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising sorting the values of the hidden state vector according to defined criteria, to determine a plurality of ranked relevancy parameters for the user. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the hidden state vector is sorted into ascending or descending order based on the weight values. 6. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising retrieving the selected one or more content assets for transmission to the media receiver device. 7. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the request further identifies the target attribute type. 8. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the or each determined relevancy parameter identifies output attributes associated with respective content assets in a database. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the request is generated by a scheduler of a content provider based on consumption data received from a media receiver device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the output attributes are used to control the scheduler to retrieve the corresponding content assets. 11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the request is user defined request for content assets based on the attribute value of a query attribute type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the query is generated by the media receiver device in response to user input to a search interface. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the output attributes are used to control the media receiver device to generate a listing of corresponding content assets. 14. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the request identifies a plurality of attribute values of the same query attribute or of different query attributes, and wherein each attribute value is used as an index to retrieve a respective hidden state vector from the combined hidden state matrix, the plurality of hidden state vectors being combined and sorted to define the ranked relevancy parameters between the query attribute type or types and the target attribute type for the user. 15. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising training the sub-models of the neural network by:
collecting metadata from a database, the metadata associated with content assets in the database and including attribute values of respective entity types; processing the metadata to determine all unique entity types and all unique attribute values of each entity type; creating a feature vector for each determined entity type, each feature vector defining an addressable plurality of data values corresponding to each unique attribute value of the respective entity type in the metadata; and applying a contrastive divergence algorithm to the feature vectors to compute trained parameters of the model data. 16. A method of processing a data query for semantically similar programme content based on a defined attribute type, the data query identifying a broadcast channel associated with a linear schedule of programme content, the method comprising retrieving metadata of the content within a scheduling window, generating a feature vector from the retrieved metadata of the defined attribute type, generating a second query for content assets, the second query including the generated feature vector as the query attribute type, and processing the second query in accordance with the method of any one of claims 1 to 15. 17. A method of processing a data query for semantically similar broadcast channels associated with respective linear schedules of programme content based on a defined query attribute type and value, the data query identifying the channel type as a target attribute type, the method comprising:
a) for each of a plurality of broadcast channels:
retrieving metadata of programme content within a scheduling window of the broadcast channel;
generating a feature vector from the retrieved metadata of the defined attribute type;
selecting first and second sub-models from a trained artificial neural network model comprising a plurality of sub-models, the first sub-model corresponding to the defined attribute type and the second sub-model corresponding to the target attribute type, each sub-model corresponding to a respective attribute type and defining a plurality of trained weights between a plurality of input nodes each representing a corresponding attribute value of the respective attribute type, and a plurality of hidden nodes of the artificial neural network;
combining the selected first and second sub-models from the trained model;
selecting a subset of data from the combined sub-model using the identified query attribute value from the query data as an index to address the combined sub-model, and
computing the cosine similarity between the feature vector and the selected subset of data from the combined sub-model to produce a score indicating relevancy of the broadcast channel to the query attribute value;
b) sorting the plurality of computed scores indicating relevancy of the plurality of broadcast channels to the query attribute value; and c) outputting data identifying a ranked listing of broadcast channels based on the sorting plurality of computed scores. 18. Apparatus arranged to perform the method of any preceding claim. 19. A computer program product comprising program code means arranged to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 17 when executed by a suitably arranged computer system. | Systems and methods for presenting content to a user are described. A trained neural network is stored in memory, defining input nodes representing respective attribute values of attribute types, and weights embodying strengths of connections between the input nodes and hidden nodes, as trained for the particular user. Sub-models of the neural network are defined from sets of input nodes of the same attribute type and a corresponding hidden state matrix of trained weights. A request for content assets is processed using a retrieved first sub-model corresponding to a query attribute type and second sub-model corresponding to a target attribute type, to determine relevancy parameters for the user. Content assets are selected for presentation by a media receiver device, based on the determined relevancy parameters. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.1. A computer-implemented method of presenting content to a user, comprising steps performed by one or more computer processors of:
storing, in a memory, data defining a trained neural network including a plurality of input nodes each connected to a plurality of hidden nodes, each input node representing an associated attribute value of one of a plurality of predefined attribute types, each connection having an associated weight embodying a strength of connection between the corresponding nodes as trained for the particular user, and wherein each set of input nodes corresponding to the same attribute type forms a respective sub-model of the neural network, each sub-model consisting a hidden state matrix of trained weights between the associated set of input nodes and said plurality of hidden nodes; processing a request for content assets, the request identifying an attribute value of a query attribute type, by:
retrieving, from the memory, first and second sub-models of the trained neural network, the first sub-model corresponding to a query attribute type and the second sub-model corresponding to a target attribute type;
determining one or more relevancy parameters for the user by combining the hidden state matrices of the retrieved first and second sub-models, and using the attribute value identified in the request as an index to retrieve a hidden state vector from the combined hidden state matrix, the hidden state vector defining parameters embodying predicted relevancy between the query attribute type and the target attribute type for the user; and
in response to determining the one or more relevancy parameters for the user, selecting one or more content assets for presentation by a media receiver device, wherein the or each selected content asset is based on a determined relevancy parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the hidden state matrices comprises multiplying the first hidden state matrix with a transpose of the second hidden state matrix. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the attribute value identified in the request is used as an index to address a row of the matrix multiplication result. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising sorting the values of the hidden state vector according to defined criteria, to determine a plurality of ranked relevancy parameters for the user. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the hidden state vector is sorted into ascending or descending order based on the weight values. 6. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising retrieving the selected one or more content assets for transmission to the media receiver device. 7. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the request further identifies the target attribute type. 8. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the or each determined relevancy parameter identifies output attributes associated with respective content assets in a database. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the request is generated by a scheduler of a content provider based on consumption data received from a media receiver device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the output attributes are used to control the scheduler to retrieve the corresponding content assets. 11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the request is user defined request for content assets based on the attribute value of a query attribute type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the query is generated by the media receiver device in response to user input to a search interface. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the output attributes are used to control the media receiver device to generate a listing of corresponding content assets. 14. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the request identifies a plurality of attribute values of the same query attribute or of different query attributes, and wherein each attribute value is used as an index to retrieve a respective hidden state vector from the combined hidden state matrix, the plurality of hidden state vectors being combined and sorted to define the ranked relevancy parameters between the query attribute type or types and the target attribute type for the user. 15. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising training the sub-models of the neural network by:
collecting metadata from a database, the metadata associated with content assets in the database and including attribute values of respective entity types; processing the metadata to determine all unique entity types and all unique attribute values of each entity type; creating a feature vector for each determined entity type, each feature vector defining an addressable plurality of data values corresponding to each unique attribute value of the respective entity type in the metadata; and applying a contrastive divergence algorithm to the feature vectors to compute trained parameters of the model data. 16. A method of processing a data query for semantically similar programme content based on a defined attribute type, the data query identifying a broadcast channel associated with a linear schedule of programme content, the method comprising retrieving metadata of the content within a scheduling window, generating a feature vector from the retrieved metadata of the defined attribute type, generating a second query for content assets, the second query including the generated feature vector as the query attribute type, and processing the second query in accordance with the method of any one of claims 1 to 15. 17. A method of processing a data query for semantically similar broadcast channels associated with respective linear schedules of programme content based on a defined query attribute type and value, the data query identifying the channel type as a target attribute type, the method comprising:
a) for each of a plurality of broadcast channels:
retrieving metadata of programme content within a scheduling window of the broadcast channel;
generating a feature vector from the retrieved metadata of the defined attribute type;
selecting first and second sub-models from a trained artificial neural network model comprising a plurality of sub-models, the first sub-model corresponding to the defined attribute type and the second sub-model corresponding to the target attribute type, each sub-model corresponding to a respective attribute type and defining a plurality of trained weights between a plurality of input nodes each representing a corresponding attribute value of the respective attribute type, and a plurality of hidden nodes of the artificial neural network;
combining the selected first and second sub-models from the trained model;
selecting a subset of data from the combined sub-model using the identified query attribute value from the query data as an index to address the combined sub-model, and
computing the cosine similarity between the feature vector and the selected subset of data from the combined sub-model to produce a score indicating relevancy of the broadcast channel to the query attribute value;
b) sorting the plurality of computed scores indicating relevancy of the plurality of broadcast channels to the query attribute value; and c) outputting data identifying a ranked listing of broadcast channels based on the sorting plurality of computed scores. 18. Apparatus arranged to perform the method of any preceding claim. 19. A computer program product comprising program code means arranged to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 17 when executed by a suitably arranged computer system. | 1,600 |
345,278 | 16,643,183 | 1,613 | A device for the reversible immobilization of biomolecules by magnetic particles includes a container. The container is configured to be filled with a liquid containing biomolecules and a magnet. The magnet is arranged on the container in such a way that magnetic particles arranged in the container and to which the biomolecules are capable of being immobilized, are configured to be fixed in the container. An inhomogeneous magnetic field id configured to act on the magnetic particles disposed in the container and is capable of being generated by the arrangement of the magnet, so that the magnetic particles are arranged in a structured manner by the influence of the inhomogeneous magnetic field. | 1. A device for the reversible immobilization of biomolecules by magnetic particles, the device comprising:
a container configured to be filled with a liquid containing biomolecules and a magnet, the magnet arranged on the container in such a way that magnetic particles arranged in the container and to which the biomolecules are capable of being immobilized, are configured to be fixed in the container; an inhomogeneous magnetic field configured to act on the magnetic particles disposed in the container is capable of being generated by the arrangement of the magnet, so that the magnetic particles are arranged in a structured manner by the influence of the inhomogeneous magnetic field. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is configured to be arranged in such a way that the magnet comprises a magnetically conductive module, so that the inhomogeneous magnetic field acting on the magnetic particles disposed in the container are capable of being generated by the magnetically conductive module. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the magnetically conductive module is arranged as a component on the magnet or the magnetically conductive module is an integrated element of the magnet. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the magnetically conductive module is a magnetically amplifying module or a diamagnetic module. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the magnet is configured to a shape of the container, so that the container is capable of being inserted into the magnetically conductive module. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the container is a multiwell plate and the multiwell plate has a plurality of wells. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the magnet is arranged at the plurality of wells of the multiwell plate. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet comprises a hole or an indentation for inserting the container. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is configured to be arranged in such a way that a second magnet is arranged on the magnet in such a way that the first magnetic field of the magnet is capable of being influenced by the second magnetic field of the second magnet, so that the inhomogeneous magnetic field acting on the magnetic particles disposed in the container is capable of being generated. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is configured to be arranged in such a way that the magnet has a notch, so that the inhomogeneous magnetic field is capable of being generated by the notch of the magnet. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises an instrument capable of removing the liquid. 13. A method for the reversible immobilization of biomolecules,
the method comprising: arranging magnetic particles and a liquid with biomolecules in a container; bonding the biomolecules to the magnetic particles; fixing the magnetic particles in the container in an inhomogeneous magnetic field generated by the arranging of the magnet, so that the magnetic particles (4) arrange themselves in a structured manner; removing the liquid with an instrument for removing a liquid, the liquid flowing off from the magnetic particles by the structured arrangement of the magnetic particles; and detaching the biomolecules from the magnetic particles. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising operating the device according to claim 1 to carry out the method. 15. An apparatus for the automated processing of biomolecules comprising:
a device according to claim 1. 16. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the biomolecules are capable of being reversibly immobilized. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the bonding includes reversibly bonding the biomolecules to the magnetic particles. | A device for the reversible immobilization of biomolecules by magnetic particles includes a container. The container is configured to be filled with a liquid containing biomolecules and a magnet. The magnet is arranged on the container in such a way that magnetic particles arranged in the container and to which the biomolecules are capable of being immobilized, are configured to be fixed in the container. An inhomogeneous magnetic field id configured to act on the magnetic particles disposed in the container and is capable of being generated by the arrangement of the magnet, so that the magnetic particles are arranged in a structured manner by the influence of the inhomogeneous magnetic field.1. A device for the reversible immobilization of biomolecules by magnetic particles, the device comprising:
a container configured to be filled with a liquid containing biomolecules and a magnet, the magnet arranged on the container in such a way that magnetic particles arranged in the container and to which the biomolecules are capable of being immobilized, are configured to be fixed in the container; an inhomogeneous magnetic field configured to act on the magnetic particles disposed in the container is capable of being generated by the arrangement of the magnet, so that the magnetic particles are arranged in a structured manner by the influence of the inhomogeneous magnetic field. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is configured to be arranged in such a way that the magnet comprises a magnetically conductive module, so that the inhomogeneous magnetic field acting on the magnetic particles disposed in the container are capable of being generated by the magnetically conductive module. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the magnetically conductive module is arranged as a component on the magnet or the magnetically conductive module is an integrated element of the magnet. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the magnetically conductive module is a magnetically amplifying module or a diamagnetic module. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the magnet is configured to a shape of the container, so that the container is capable of being inserted into the magnetically conductive module. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the container is a multiwell plate and the multiwell plate has a plurality of wells. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the magnet is arranged at the plurality of wells of the multiwell plate. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet comprises a hole or an indentation for inserting the container. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is configured to be arranged in such a way that a second magnet is arranged on the magnet in such a way that the first magnetic field of the magnet is capable of being influenced by the second magnetic field of the second magnet, so that the inhomogeneous magnetic field acting on the magnetic particles disposed in the container is capable of being generated. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is configured to be arranged in such a way that the magnet has a notch, so that the inhomogeneous magnetic field is capable of being generated by the notch of the magnet. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises an instrument capable of removing the liquid. 13. A method for the reversible immobilization of biomolecules,
the method comprising: arranging magnetic particles and a liquid with biomolecules in a container; bonding the biomolecules to the magnetic particles; fixing the magnetic particles in the container in an inhomogeneous magnetic field generated by the arranging of the magnet, so that the magnetic particles (4) arrange themselves in a structured manner; removing the liquid with an instrument for removing a liquid, the liquid flowing off from the magnetic particles by the structured arrangement of the magnetic particles; and detaching the biomolecules from the magnetic particles. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising operating the device according to claim 1 to carry out the method. 15. An apparatus for the automated processing of biomolecules comprising:
a device according to claim 1. 16. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the biomolecules are capable of being reversibly immobilized. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the bonding includes reversibly bonding the biomolecules to the magnetic particles. | 1,600 |
345,279 | 16,643,121 | 1,613 | Dust collection equipment, a method and apparatus for handling an air duct exception of the dust collection equipment are provided. The method includes: receiving an air pressure value detected by an air pressure sensor, wherein the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between a blower and a dust filtering apparatus of the dust collection equipment; determining whether an abnormal event occurs in an air duct of the dust collection equipment according to the air pressure value detected in real time; and performing corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event, when it is determined that the abnormal event occurs. | 1. A method for handling an air duct abnormality of Hall dust collection equipment, comprising:
receiving an air pressure value detected by an air pressure sensor, wherein the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between a blower and a dust filtering apparatus of the dust collection equipment; determining whether an abnormal event occurs in an air duct of the dust collection equipment according to the air pressure value detected in real time; and performing corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event, in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining whether the abnormal event occurs the air duct of the dust collection equipment according to the air pressure value detected in real time comprises:
determining that an abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked occurs, when in response to determining that the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set blockage air pressure threshold from normal operating air pressure within a first duration; determining that an abnormal event in which collected dust is excessive occurs, when in response to determining that the air pressure value detected in real time gradually drops to be equal to or less than a set dumping air pressure threshold, and continuously and gradually drops within a second duration; and determining that an abnormal event in which the dust filtering apparatus is excessively dirty occurs, in response to determining that the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set excessively dirty air pressure threshold, and keeps stable within a third duration. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing the corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs comprises at least one of:
in response to determining occurrence of the abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked, closing the blower and restarting the blower after a fourth duration or controlling power of the blower to be increased, or closing the blower, restarting the blower after a fifth duration and controlling the power of the blower to be increased in response to determining that the detected air pressure value does not restore to the normal operating air pressure. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein performing the corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs further comprises:
outputting prompt information that it needs a user to manually handle the blockage, in response to determining that the detected air pressure value does not restore to the normal operating air pressure after the corresponding handling is completed for the abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing the corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs comprises:
executing the handling of dumping dust or outputting prompt information of dumping dust, in response to determining occurrence of the abnormal event in which the collected dust is excessive. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing the corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs comprises:
executing the handling of cleaning the dust filtering apparatus or outputting prompt information of cleaning the dust filtering apparatus, in response to determining occurrence of the abnormal event in which the dust filtering apparatus is excessively dirty. 7. An apparatus for handling an air duct abnormality of dust collection equipment, comprising:
an air pressure sensor which is located in an air path between a blower and a dust filtering apparatus of the dust collection equipment and configured to detect an air pressure value in the air path in real time; and a processor configured to receive the air pressure value in the air path, which is detected by the air pressure sensor in real time, determine whether an abnormal event occurs, generate a corresponding execution instruction according to the type of the abnormal event in response to a determination that the abnormal event occurs the processor further configured to perform corresponding handling according to the execution instruction. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that an abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked occurs, when the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set blockage air pressure threshold from normal operating air pressure within a first duration; determine that an abnormal event in which collected dust is excessive occurs, when the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set dumping air pressure threshold, and drops gradually within a second duration; and determine that an abnormal event in which the dust filtering apparatus is excessively dirty occurs, when the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set excessively dirty air pressure threshold, and keeps stable within a third duration. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to perform at least one of:
when the abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked occurs, closing the blower and restarting the blower after a fourth duration or control power of the blower to be increased, or closing the blower, restarting the blower after a fifth duration and controlling the power of the blower to be increased when the detected air pressure value does not restore to the normal operating air pressure. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a prompt that it needs a user to manually handle the blockage, when the detected air pressure value does not restore to the normal operating air pressure after the corresponding handling is completed for the abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
execute the handling of dumping dust or output a prompt that it needs a user to dump dust, when the abnormal event in which the collected dust is excessive occurs. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is further specifically configured to:
execute the handling of cleaning the dust filtering apparatus or output a prompt that it needs a user to clean the dust filtering apparatus, when the abnormal event in which the dust filtering apparatus is excessively dirty occurs. 13. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 1 by executing the program. 14. The dust collection equipment according to claim 13, wherein the dust collection equipment is a cleaning robot. 15. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 2 by executing the program. 16. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 3 by executing the program. 17. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 4 by executing the program. 18. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 5 by executing the program. 19. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 6 by executing the program. | Dust collection equipment, a method and apparatus for handling an air duct exception of the dust collection equipment are provided. The method includes: receiving an air pressure value detected by an air pressure sensor, wherein the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between a blower and a dust filtering apparatus of the dust collection equipment; determining whether an abnormal event occurs in an air duct of the dust collection equipment according to the air pressure value detected in real time; and performing corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event, when it is determined that the abnormal event occurs.1. A method for handling an air duct abnormality of Hall dust collection equipment, comprising:
receiving an air pressure value detected by an air pressure sensor, wherein the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between a blower and a dust filtering apparatus of the dust collection equipment; determining whether an abnormal event occurs in an air duct of the dust collection equipment according to the air pressure value detected in real time; and performing corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event, in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining whether the abnormal event occurs the air duct of the dust collection equipment according to the air pressure value detected in real time comprises:
determining that an abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked occurs, when in response to determining that the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set blockage air pressure threshold from normal operating air pressure within a first duration; determining that an abnormal event in which collected dust is excessive occurs, when in response to determining that the air pressure value detected in real time gradually drops to be equal to or less than a set dumping air pressure threshold, and continuously and gradually drops within a second duration; and determining that an abnormal event in which the dust filtering apparatus is excessively dirty occurs, in response to determining that the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set excessively dirty air pressure threshold, and keeps stable within a third duration. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing the corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs comprises at least one of:
in response to determining occurrence of the abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked, closing the blower and restarting the blower after a fourth duration or controlling power of the blower to be increased, or closing the blower, restarting the blower after a fifth duration and controlling the power of the blower to be increased in response to determining that the detected air pressure value does not restore to the normal operating air pressure. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein performing the corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs further comprises:
outputting prompt information that it needs a user to manually handle the blockage, in response to determining that the detected air pressure value does not restore to the normal operating air pressure after the corresponding handling is completed for the abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing the corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs comprises:
executing the handling of dumping dust or outputting prompt information of dumping dust, in response to determining occurrence of the abnormal event in which the collected dust is excessive. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein performing the corresponding handling according to the type of the abnormal event in response to determining that the abnormal event occurs comprises:
executing the handling of cleaning the dust filtering apparatus or outputting prompt information of cleaning the dust filtering apparatus, in response to determining occurrence of the abnormal event in which the dust filtering apparatus is excessively dirty. 7. An apparatus for handling an air duct abnormality of dust collection equipment, comprising:
an air pressure sensor which is located in an air path between a blower and a dust filtering apparatus of the dust collection equipment and configured to detect an air pressure value in the air path in real time; and a processor configured to receive the air pressure value in the air path, which is detected by the air pressure sensor in real time, determine whether an abnormal event occurs, generate a corresponding execution instruction according to the type of the abnormal event in response to a determination that the abnormal event occurs the processor further configured to perform corresponding handling according to the execution instruction. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine that an abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked occurs, when the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set blockage air pressure threshold from normal operating air pressure within a first duration; determine that an abnormal event in which collected dust is excessive occurs, when the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set dumping air pressure threshold, and drops gradually within a second duration; and determine that an abnormal event in which the dust filtering apparatus is excessively dirty occurs, when the air pressure value detected in real time drops to be equal to or less than a set excessively dirty air pressure threshold, and keeps stable within a third duration. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to perform at least one of:
when the abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked occurs, closing the blower and restarting the blower after a fourth duration or control power of the blower to be increased, or closing the blower, restarting the blower after a fifth duration and controlling the power of the blower to be increased when the detected air pressure value does not restore to the normal operating air pressure. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a prompt that it needs a user to manually handle the blockage, when the detected air pressure value does not restore to the normal operating air pressure after the corresponding handling is completed for the abnormal event in which the air duct is blocked. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
execute the handling of dumping dust or output a prompt that it needs a user to dump dust, when the abnormal event in which the collected dust is excessive occurs. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is further specifically configured to:
execute the handling of cleaning the dust filtering apparatus or output a prompt that it needs a user to clean the dust filtering apparatus, when the abnormal event in which the dust filtering apparatus is excessively dirty occurs. 13. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 1 by executing the program. 14. The dust collection equipment according to claim 13, wherein the dust collection equipment is a cleaning robot. 15. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 2 by executing the program. 16. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 3 by executing the program. 17. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 4 by executing the program. 18. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 5 by executing the program. 19. Dust collection equipment, comprising: a dust collecting device, a blower, a controller, a dust filtering apparatus and an air pressure sensor, wherein:
the dust collecting device is provided with a dust suction opening for sucking dust; the dust filtering apparatus is located between the blower and the dust collecting device; the air pressure sensor is located in an air path between the dust filtering apparatus and the blower; and the controller comprises a non-volatile storage medium and a processor, wherein the non-volatile storage medium stores a program, and the processor implements the method according to claim 6 by executing the program. | 1,600 |
345,280 | 16,643,174 | 1,613 | Hearing devices capable of performing a self-test as well as a method for automatically testing a hearing device. A hearing device includes a measurement bridge circuit connected to the receiver of the hearing device in parallel with the audio amplifier of the hearing device. A method for self-testing a hearing device includes the steps of i) disabling the audio amplifier connected to the receiver, in particular by putting the amplifier in a high impedance state, ii) applying with a measurement bridge circuit a direct current (DC) and/or an alternating current (AC) to the receiver, iii) measuring with the measurement bridge circuit (5) a voltage at the receiver, and iv) detecting a presence or absence of a fault condition based on the measured voltage. | 1. A hearing device, comprising:
an input transducer (1); a signal processor (2); an amplifier (3), in particular a class D amplifier with an H-bridge; a receiver (4), 2. The hearing device of claim 1, wherein the measurement bridge circuit (5) is adapted to controllably supply a direct current or an alternating current to the receiver (4) and to measure a voltage at the receiver (4). 3. The hearing device of claim 2, wherein the direct current or the alternating current is provided by a respective current steering digital-to-analogue converter (7, 7′). 4. The hearing device of claim 2, wherein the measurement bridge circuit (5), more particularly the respective current steering digital-to-analogue converter (7, 7′), is controllable by an output (A, B) of the signal processor (2), or more particularly by an output of an audio delta-sigma converter. 5. The hearing device of claim 3, wherein a first current steering digital-to-analogue converter (7) is controlled by a first output (A) of the signal processor (2), or more particularly by a first code output by an audio delta-sigma converter to provide the direct current, and wherein a second current steering digital-to-analogue converter (7′) is controlled by a second output (B) of the signal processor (2), or more particularly by a second code output by the audio delta-sigma converter to provide the alternating current. 6. The hearing device of claim 1, wherein the hearing device is operable in a normal mode and in a measurement mode, wherein in the normal mode the amplifier (3) is enabled and provides an amplified output signal to the receiver (4), and wherein in the measurement mode the amplifier (3) is disabled, in particular switched to a high impedance state, and the measurement bridge circuit (5) supplies a direct current or an alternating current to the receiver and measures a voltage at the receiver (4). 7. The hearing device of claim 2, wherein the hearing device is adapted to detect a presence of a fault condition if at least one of the following is determined to be incorrect based on at least one measurement of the voltage at the receiver (4):
the receiver (4) is correctly connected to the hearing device; the connected receiver (4) is of a certain, desired receiver type; the hearing device is correctly placed within an ear canal of a user of the hearing device; the receiver (4) is not obstructed, in particular a sound outlet of the hearing device is not clogged by cerumen. 8. The hearing device of claim 7, wherein the hearing device further comprises a non-volatile memory storing reference data, wherein the reference data in particular pertain to one or more peaks of an impedance of the receiver (4), for instance in terms of a peak's amplitude and frequency, and wherein the one or more peaks are in particular determined by measuring the impedance of the receiver (4) when the hearing device is being properly, in particular sealingly, worn in an ear canal of the user and/or when the hearing device is not being worn, and wherein the one or more peaks are in particular determined during fitting of the hearing device to needs and preferences of the user. 9. The hearing device of claim 8, wherein the hearing device is adapted to detect a presence or absence of a fault condition based at least partly on the reference data, in particular based on a comparison of a quantity related to the at least one measurement of the voltage at the receiver (4) with at least part of the reference data. 10. The hearing device of claim 7, wherein the hearing device is adapted to detect the presence or absence of a fault condition based on one or more of the following:
a direct current impedance of the receiver (4), in particular determined by applying a direct current to the receiver (4), as an indication whether the receiver (4) is correctly connected to the hearing device and as an indication whether a certain, desired receiver type is connected to the hearing device, the latter in particular being dependent on a comparison of a quantity related to the at least one measurement of the voltage at the receiver (4) with a predetermined reference value or range representative for the certain, desired receiver type; an alternating current impedance of the receiver (4), in particular determined by applying an alternating current to the receiver (4), as an indication whether the hearing device is correctly placed within the ear canal of the user and as an indication whether the receiver (4) is not obstructed, both in particular being dependent on a comparison of a quantity related to the at least one measurement of the voltage at the receiver (4) with one or more predetermined reference values representative for the hearing device being properly, in particular sealingly, worn in an ear canal of the user and/or for the receiver (4) not being obstructed. 11. The hearing device of claim 7, wherein the hearing device is adapted to perform at least one of the following based on the presence or absence of a fault condition:
provide an optical fault indication signal, for instance by means of a light emitting diode; provide an acoustic signal via the receiver, in particular when the absence of a fault condition has been detected; disable adjusting of one or more hearing device settings when the presence of a fault condition has been detected; disable at least one function of the hearing device when the presence of a fault condition has been detected. 12. The hearing device of claim 1, wherein the measurement bridge circuit (5) comprises a resistor (R) as a minimal load when no receiver (4) is connected to the hearing device or when the receiver (4) is incorrectly connected to the hearing device. 13. A method for testing a hearing device, in particular the hearing device of claim 1, based on employing a measurement bridge circuit (5) connected to a receiver (4) of the hearing device in parallel with an amplifier (3) of the hearing device, the method comprising the steps of:
disabling the amplifier (3), in particular by putting the amplifier (3) in a high impedance state; applying with the measurement bridge circuit (5) a direct current and/or an alternating current to the receiver (4); measuring with the measurement bridge circuit (5) a voltage at the receiver (4); detecting a presence or absence of a fault condition based on the measured voltage. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the measured voltage is indicative of the direct current or the alternating current impedance of the receiver (4), based upon which the presence of a fault condition is detected if at least one of the following is determined to be incorrect:
the receiver (4) is correctly connected to the hearing device; the connected receiver (4) is of a certain, desired receiver type; the hearing device is correctly placed within an ear canal of a user of the hearing device; the receiver (4) is not obstructed, in particular a sound outlet of the hearing device is not clogged by cerumen. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising at least one of the following based upon detecting the presence or absence of a fault condition:
providing an optical fault indication signal, for instance by means of a light emitting diode; providing an acoustic signal via the receiver, in particular when the absence of a fault condition has been detected; disabling adjusting of one or more hearing device settings when the presence of a fault condition has been detected; disabling at least one function of the hearing device when the presence of a fault condition has been detected. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein a frequency of the alternating current applied to the receiver (4) is varied, in particular to provide a frequency sweep or a polyphonic signal to the receiver (4) as a test signal. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein detecting the presence or absence of a fault condition is based on determining an impedance of the receiver (4) as a function of a frequency of the alternating current applied to the receiver (4) and comparing the determined impedance with predetermined reference data. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is started upon each powering-on of the hearing device, in particular the method is started with a time delay after powering-on the hearing device. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is started when initiating fitting of the hearing device to needs and preferences of the user, for instance when initiating a self-fitting session or a remote fitting session. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is started when initiating a remote support session. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is started by the user, for instance by operating a control element at the hearing device or at a hearing device accessory, such as a remote control unit or a mobile phone, in particular a smartphone. | Hearing devices capable of performing a self-test as well as a method for automatically testing a hearing device. A hearing device includes a measurement bridge circuit connected to the receiver of the hearing device in parallel with the audio amplifier of the hearing device. A method for self-testing a hearing device includes the steps of i) disabling the audio amplifier connected to the receiver, in particular by putting the amplifier in a high impedance state, ii) applying with a measurement bridge circuit a direct current (DC) and/or an alternating current (AC) to the receiver, iii) measuring with the measurement bridge circuit (5) a voltage at the receiver, and iv) detecting a presence or absence of a fault condition based on the measured voltage.1. A hearing device, comprising:
an input transducer (1); a signal processor (2); an amplifier (3), in particular a class D amplifier with an H-bridge; a receiver (4), 2. The hearing device of claim 1, wherein the measurement bridge circuit (5) is adapted to controllably supply a direct current or an alternating current to the receiver (4) and to measure a voltage at the receiver (4). 3. The hearing device of claim 2, wherein the direct current or the alternating current is provided by a respective current steering digital-to-analogue converter (7, 7′). 4. The hearing device of claim 2, wherein the measurement bridge circuit (5), more particularly the respective current steering digital-to-analogue converter (7, 7′), is controllable by an output (A, B) of the signal processor (2), or more particularly by an output of an audio delta-sigma converter. 5. The hearing device of claim 3, wherein a first current steering digital-to-analogue converter (7) is controlled by a first output (A) of the signal processor (2), or more particularly by a first code output by an audio delta-sigma converter to provide the direct current, and wherein a second current steering digital-to-analogue converter (7′) is controlled by a second output (B) of the signal processor (2), or more particularly by a second code output by the audio delta-sigma converter to provide the alternating current. 6. The hearing device of claim 1, wherein the hearing device is operable in a normal mode and in a measurement mode, wherein in the normal mode the amplifier (3) is enabled and provides an amplified output signal to the receiver (4), and wherein in the measurement mode the amplifier (3) is disabled, in particular switched to a high impedance state, and the measurement bridge circuit (5) supplies a direct current or an alternating current to the receiver and measures a voltage at the receiver (4). 7. The hearing device of claim 2, wherein the hearing device is adapted to detect a presence of a fault condition if at least one of the following is determined to be incorrect based on at least one measurement of the voltage at the receiver (4):
the receiver (4) is correctly connected to the hearing device; the connected receiver (4) is of a certain, desired receiver type; the hearing device is correctly placed within an ear canal of a user of the hearing device; the receiver (4) is not obstructed, in particular a sound outlet of the hearing device is not clogged by cerumen. 8. The hearing device of claim 7, wherein the hearing device further comprises a non-volatile memory storing reference data, wherein the reference data in particular pertain to one or more peaks of an impedance of the receiver (4), for instance in terms of a peak's amplitude and frequency, and wherein the one or more peaks are in particular determined by measuring the impedance of the receiver (4) when the hearing device is being properly, in particular sealingly, worn in an ear canal of the user and/or when the hearing device is not being worn, and wherein the one or more peaks are in particular determined during fitting of the hearing device to needs and preferences of the user. 9. The hearing device of claim 8, wherein the hearing device is adapted to detect a presence or absence of a fault condition based at least partly on the reference data, in particular based on a comparison of a quantity related to the at least one measurement of the voltage at the receiver (4) with at least part of the reference data. 10. The hearing device of claim 7, wherein the hearing device is adapted to detect the presence or absence of a fault condition based on one or more of the following:
a direct current impedance of the receiver (4), in particular determined by applying a direct current to the receiver (4), as an indication whether the receiver (4) is correctly connected to the hearing device and as an indication whether a certain, desired receiver type is connected to the hearing device, the latter in particular being dependent on a comparison of a quantity related to the at least one measurement of the voltage at the receiver (4) with a predetermined reference value or range representative for the certain, desired receiver type; an alternating current impedance of the receiver (4), in particular determined by applying an alternating current to the receiver (4), as an indication whether the hearing device is correctly placed within the ear canal of the user and as an indication whether the receiver (4) is not obstructed, both in particular being dependent on a comparison of a quantity related to the at least one measurement of the voltage at the receiver (4) with one or more predetermined reference values representative for the hearing device being properly, in particular sealingly, worn in an ear canal of the user and/or for the receiver (4) not being obstructed. 11. The hearing device of claim 7, wherein the hearing device is adapted to perform at least one of the following based on the presence or absence of a fault condition:
provide an optical fault indication signal, for instance by means of a light emitting diode; provide an acoustic signal via the receiver, in particular when the absence of a fault condition has been detected; disable adjusting of one or more hearing device settings when the presence of a fault condition has been detected; disable at least one function of the hearing device when the presence of a fault condition has been detected. 12. The hearing device of claim 1, wherein the measurement bridge circuit (5) comprises a resistor (R) as a minimal load when no receiver (4) is connected to the hearing device or when the receiver (4) is incorrectly connected to the hearing device. 13. A method for testing a hearing device, in particular the hearing device of claim 1, based on employing a measurement bridge circuit (5) connected to a receiver (4) of the hearing device in parallel with an amplifier (3) of the hearing device, the method comprising the steps of:
disabling the amplifier (3), in particular by putting the amplifier (3) in a high impedance state; applying with the measurement bridge circuit (5) a direct current and/or an alternating current to the receiver (4); measuring with the measurement bridge circuit (5) a voltage at the receiver (4); detecting a presence or absence of a fault condition based on the measured voltage. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the measured voltage is indicative of the direct current or the alternating current impedance of the receiver (4), based upon which the presence of a fault condition is detected if at least one of the following is determined to be incorrect:
the receiver (4) is correctly connected to the hearing device; the connected receiver (4) is of a certain, desired receiver type; the hearing device is correctly placed within an ear canal of a user of the hearing device; the receiver (4) is not obstructed, in particular a sound outlet of the hearing device is not clogged by cerumen. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising at least one of the following based upon detecting the presence or absence of a fault condition:
providing an optical fault indication signal, for instance by means of a light emitting diode; providing an acoustic signal via the receiver, in particular when the absence of a fault condition has been detected; disabling adjusting of one or more hearing device settings when the presence of a fault condition has been detected; disabling at least one function of the hearing device when the presence of a fault condition has been detected. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein a frequency of the alternating current applied to the receiver (4) is varied, in particular to provide a frequency sweep or a polyphonic signal to the receiver (4) as a test signal. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein detecting the presence or absence of a fault condition is based on determining an impedance of the receiver (4) as a function of a frequency of the alternating current applied to the receiver (4) and comparing the determined impedance with predetermined reference data. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is started upon each powering-on of the hearing device, in particular the method is started with a time delay after powering-on the hearing device. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is started when initiating fitting of the hearing device to needs and preferences of the user, for instance when initiating a self-fitting session or a remote fitting session. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is started when initiating a remote support session. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the method is started by the user, for instance by operating a control element at the hearing device or at a hearing device accessory, such as a remote control unit or a mobile phone, in particular a smartphone. | 1,600 |
345,281 | 16,643,148 | 1,613 | An information processing device detects a user's page feeding operation on content, determines a plurality of page feeding operations as a continuous operation if the page feeding operation has been performed again within a predetermined period from the page feeding operation, determines a page feeding operation not falling under the continuous operation as a one-shot operation, specifies first storage target page data according to the one-shot operation, makes a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified first storage target page data, specifies second storage target page data according to a termination determination of the continuous operation, makes a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified second storage target page data, stores page data distributed according to the distribution request in the storage region, and performs control for reading out and displaying the page data. | 1. An information processing device that requests only page data in a predetermined range including a page designated by a user's page feeding operation for each page feeding operation, comprising:
at least one memory configured to store computer program code; at least one processor configured to access the computer program code and operate as instructed by the computer program code, the computer program code including: operation type determination code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to detect a user's page feeding operation on content containing a plurality of pages, determine a plurality of page feeding operations as a continuous operation if the page feeding operation has been performed again within a predetermined period from the page feeding operation, and determine a page feeding operation not falling under the continuous operation as a one-shot operation; page request code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify first storage target page data to be stored in a storage region according to the one-shot operation when a determination of the one-shot operation is made, make a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified first storage target page data, specify second storage target page data to be stored in the storage region according to a termination determination of the continuous operation when a determination of the continuous operation is made, and make a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified second storage target page data; storage management code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to store page data distributed according to the distribution request in the storage region; and display control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to perform control for reading out page data from the storage region and displaying the readout page data in response to a user's page feeding operation. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to not make the distribution request for the page data in response to the page feeding operation in a period during which the operation type determination code causes at least one of the at least one processor to determine that the continuous operation is being performed. 3. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify a display target page and a neighboring page of the display target page as the first storage target page data or the second storage target page data. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify, as the display target page, an adjacent page of a currently displayed page among the first storage target page data, and specify a page in a predetermined range including an adjacent page of the specified display target page as the neighboring page, and further specify the display target page according to the continuous operation among the second storage target page data, and specify a page in the predetermined range including the adjacent page of the specified display target page as the neighboring page. 5. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify, as the neighboring page, at least a page continuous in a page advancing direction from the display target page. 6. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the neighboring pages are specified so that pages continuous in a page retrogressing direction from the display target page are less than pages continuous in the page advancing direction from the display target page. 7. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify the neighboring page according to a capacity of the storage region. 8. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify the neighboring page according to a remaining amount of the storage region. 9. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify the neighboring page based on an operation history of the user. 10. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify the neighboring page according to a time interval between the one-shot operations. 11. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the operation type determination code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to set the predetermined period based on an operation history of the user. 12. The information processing device according to claim 11, wherein
the operation type determination code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to set the predetermined period based on the operation history of the user in currently displayed content. 13. The information processing device according to claim 11, wherein
the operation type determination code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to set the predetermined period based on type information of currently displayed content. 14. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage management code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to delete a whole or a part of page data not falling under a predetermined range including an adjacent page of a currently displayed page among the page data stored in the storage region. 15. The information processing device according to claim 14, wherein
the storage management code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to delete page data that does not fall under the predetermined range including the adjacent page of the currently displayed page and is oldest in timing of storage, among the page data stored in the storage region. 16. The information processing device according to claim 14, wherein
the storage management code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to delete page data that does not fall under the predetermined range including the adjacent page of the currently displayed page and has been a display target at least once, among the page data stored in the storage region. 17. The information processing device according to claim 14, wherein
the storage management code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to delete page data that does not fall under the predetermined range including the adjacent page of the currently displayed page and is furthest in a page retrogressing direction from page data serving as a display target, among the page data stored in the storage region. 18. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the display control code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor, when detecting a page feeding operation, to display a page obtainable by simplifying a page constituting currently displayed content, as a page transition screen showing a state of page transition. 19. An information processing method that is executed by at least one processor in an information processing device that requests only page data in a predetermined range including a page designated by a user's page feeding operation for each page feeding operation, comprising:
detecting a user's page feeding operation on content containing a plurality of pages, determining a plurality of page feeding operations as a continuous operation if the page feeding operation has been performed again within a predetermined period from the page feeding operation, and determining a page feeding operation not falling under the continuous operation as a one-shot operation; specifying first storage target page data to be stored in a storage region according to the one-shot operation when a determination of the one-shot operation is made, making a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified first storage target page data, specifying second storage target page data to be stored in the storage region according to a termination determination of the continuous operation when a determination of the continuous operation is made, and making a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified second storage target page data; storing page data distributed according to the distribution request in the storage region; and performing control for reading out page data from the storage region and displaying the readout page data in response to a user's page feeding operation. 20. (canceled) 21. A computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing an information processing device, which requests only page data in a predetermined range including a page designated by a user's page feeding operation for each page feeding operation, to:
detect a user's page feeding operation on content containing a plurality of pages, determine a plurality of page feeding operations as a continuous operation if the page feeding operation has been performed again within a predetermined period from the page feeding operation, and determine a page feeding operation not falling under the continuous operation as a one-shot operation; specify first storage target page data to be stored in a storage region according to the one-shot operation when a determination of the one-shot operation is made, make a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified first storage target page data, specify second storage target page data to be stored in the storage region according to a termination determination of the continuous operation when a determination of the continuous operation is made, and make a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified second storage target page data; store page data distributed according to the distribution request in the storage region; and perform control for reading out page data from the storage region and displaying the readout page data in response to a user's page feeding operation. | An information processing device detects a user's page feeding operation on content, determines a plurality of page feeding operations as a continuous operation if the page feeding operation has been performed again within a predetermined period from the page feeding operation, determines a page feeding operation not falling under the continuous operation as a one-shot operation, specifies first storage target page data according to the one-shot operation, makes a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified first storage target page data, specifies second storage target page data according to a termination determination of the continuous operation, makes a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified second storage target page data, stores page data distributed according to the distribution request in the storage region, and performs control for reading out and displaying the page data.1. An information processing device that requests only page data in a predetermined range including a page designated by a user's page feeding operation for each page feeding operation, comprising:
at least one memory configured to store computer program code; at least one processor configured to access the computer program code and operate as instructed by the computer program code, the computer program code including: operation type determination code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to detect a user's page feeding operation on content containing a plurality of pages, determine a plurality of page feeding operations as a continuous operation if the page feeding operation has been performed again within a predetermined period from the page feeding operation, and determine a page feeding operation not falling under the continuous operation as a one-shot operation; page request code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify first storage target page data to be stored in a storage region according to the one-shot operation when a determination of the one-shot operation is made, make a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified first storage target page data, specify second storage target page data to be stored in the storage region according to a termination determination of the continuous operation when a determination of the continuous operation is made, and make a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified second storage target page data; storage management code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to store page data distributed according to the distribution request in the storage region; and display control code configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to perform control for reading out page data from the storage region and displaying the readout page data in response to a user's page feeding operation. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to not make the distribution request for the page data in response to the page feeding operation in a period during which the operation type determination code causes at least one of the at least one processor to determine that the continuous operation is being performed. 3. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify a display target page and a neighboring page of the display target page as the first storage target page data or the second storage target page data. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify, as the display target page, an adjacent page of a currently displayed page among the first storage target page data, and specify a page in a predetermined range including an adjacent page of the specified display target page as the neighboring page, and further specify the display target page according to the continuous operation among the second storage target page data, and specify a page in the predetermined range including the adjacent page of the specified display target page as the neighboring page. 5. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify, as the neighboring page, at least a page continuous in a page advancing direction from the display target page. 6. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the neighboring pages are specified so that pages continuous in a page retrogressing direction from the display target page are less than pages continuous in the page advancing direction from the display target page. 7. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify the neighboring page according to a capacity of the storage region. 8. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify the neighboring page according to a remaining amount of the storage region. 9. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify the neighboring page based on an operation history of the user. 10. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein
the page request code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to specify the neighboring page according to a time interval between the one-shot operations. 11. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the operation type determination code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to set the predetermined period based on an operation history of the user. 12. The information processing device according to claim 11, wherein
the operation type determination code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to set the predetermined period based on the operation history of the user in currently displayed content. 13. The information processing device according to claim 11, wherein
the operation type determination code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to set the predetermined period based on type information of currently displayed content. 14. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage management code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to delete a whole or a part of page data not falling under a predetermined range including an adjacent page of a currently displayed page among the page data stored in the storage region. 15. The information processing device according to claim 14, wherein
the storage management code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to delete page data that does not fall under the predetermined range including the adjacent page of the currently displayed page and is oldest in timing of storage, among the page data stored in the storage region. 16. The information processing device according to claim 14, wherein
the storage management code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to delete page data that does not fall under the predetermined range including the adjacent page of the currently displayed page and has been a display target at least once, among the page data stored in the storage region. 17. The information processing device according to claim 14, wherein
the storage management code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor to delete page data that does not fall under the predetermined range including the adjacent page of the currently displayed page and is furthest in a page retrogressing direction from page data serving as a display target, among the page data stored in the storage region. 18. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the display control code is configured to cause at least one of the at least one processor, when detecting a page feeding operation, to display a page obtainable by simplifying a page constituting currently displayed content, as a page transition screen showing a state of page transition. 19. An information processing method that is executed by at least one processor in an information processing device that requests only page data in a predetermined range including a page designated by a user's page feeding operation for each page feeding operation, comprising:
detecting a user's page feeding operation on content containing a plurality of pages, determining a plurality of page feeding operations as a continuous operation if the page feeding operation has been performed again within a predetermined period from the page feeding operation, and determining a page feeding operation not falling under the continuous operation as a one-shot operation; specifying first storage target page data to be stored in a storage region according to the one-shot operation when a determination of the one-shot operation is made, making a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified first storage target page data, specifying second storage target page data to be stored in the storage region according to a termination determination of the continuous operation when a determination of the continuous operation is made, and making a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified second storage target page data; storing page data distributed according to the distribution request in the storage region; and performing control for reading out page data from the storage region and displaying the readout page data in response to a user's page feeding operation. 20. (canceled) 21. A computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing an information processing device, which requests only page data in a predetermined range including a page designated by a user's page feeding operation for each page feeding operation, to:
detect a user's page feeding operation on content containing a plurality of pages, determine a plurality of page feeding operations as a continuous operation if the page feeding operation has been performed again within a predetermined period from the page feeding operation, and determine a page feeding operation not falling under the continuous operation as a one-shot operation; specify first storage target page data to be stored in a storage region according to the one-shot operation when a determination of the one-shot operation is made, make a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified first storage target page data, specify second storage target page data to be stored in the storage region according to a termination determination of the continuous operation when a determination of the continuous operation is made, and make a distribution request for page data not stored in the storage region among the specified second storage target page data; store page data distributed according to the distribution request in the storage region; and perform control for reading out page data from the storage region and displaying the readout page data in response to a user's page feeding operation. | 1,600 |
345,282 | 16,643,160 | 1,613 | The invention provides a heavy-duty tire rubber composition excellent in wet grip performance and steering stability, and a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a heavy-duty tire which each partially include the composition. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) and (ii): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not less than 1,000 and not more than 120,000, and (ii) the vinyl content is not less than 30 mol % and less than 70 mol %. | 1. A heavy-duty tire rubber composition, comprising:
100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfies the following conditions (i) and (ii):
(i) a weight average molecular weight is not less than 1,000 and not more than 120,000, and
(ii) a vinyl content is not less than 30 mol % and less than 70 mol %, and the silane compound is a compound of formula (1): 2. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 0.1 to 4,000 Pa·s. 3. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica and a carbon black. 5. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the filler (C) is a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm silicas and/or a silica having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 nm. 6. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the filler (C) is silica, and the heavy-duty tire rubber composition further comprises: 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent per 100 parts by mass of the silica. 7. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is one or more selected from the group consisting of a natural rubber, a styrene butadiene rubber, a butadiene rubber and an isoprene rubber. 8. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) comprises 60 mass % or more of a natural rubber. 9. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 10. A tire tread, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 11. A bead filler, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 12. A tire belt, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 13. A heavy-duty tire, comprising
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. | The invention provides a heavy-duty tire rubber composition excellent in wet grip performance and steering stability, and a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a heavy-duty tire which each partially include the composition. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) and (ii): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not less than 1,000 and not more than 120,000, and (ii) the vinyl content is not less than 30 mol % and less than 70 mol %.1. A heavy-duty tire rubber composition, comprising:
100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfies the following conditions (i) and (ii):
(i) a weight average molecular weight is not less than 1,000 and not more than 120,000, and
(ii) a vinyl content is not less than 30 mol % and less than 70 mol %, and the silane compound is a compound of formula (1): 2. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 0.1 to 4,000 Pa·s. 3. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica and a carbon black. 5. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the filler (C) is a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm silicas and/or a silica having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 nm. 6. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the filler (C) is silica, and the heavy-duty tire rubber composition further comprises: 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent per 100 parts by mass of the silica. 7. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is one or more selected from the group consisting of a natural rubber, a styrene butadiene rubber, a butadiene rubber and an isoprene rubber. 8. The heavy-duty tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) comprises 60 mass % or more of a natural rubber. 9. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 10. A tire tread, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 11. A bead filler, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 12. A tire belt, comprising:
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 13. A heavy-duty tire, comprising
the heavy-duty tire rubber composition described in claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,283 | 16,643,162 | 1,613 | Disclosed herein is a drum washing machine having an improved motor mount structure. The drum washing machine includes a tub having a coupling part; a drum rotatably installed in the tub; a motor bracket installed at the coupling part; and an elastic member having a cylindrical shape and disposed between the motor bracket and the tub, wherein the elastic member comprises a rib protruding in a radial direction from the inner circumferential surface of the elastic member, and the rib has the longest protrusion at a longitudinal center of the elastic member. | 1. A drum washing machine comprising:
a tub having a coupling part; a drum rotatably installed in the tub; a motor bracket installed at the coupling part; and an elastic member having a cylindrical shape and disposed between the motor bracket and the tub, wherein the elastic member comprises a rib protruding in a radial direction from the inner circumferential surface of the elastic member, and the rib has a protruding length that is largest at a longitudinal center of the elastic member. 2. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the motor bracket comprises a coupling hole corresponding to the coupling part, and an outer circumferential surface of the elastic member is configured to contact an inner surface of the coupling hole. 3. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the protruding length of the rib decreases from the center of the elastic member as being directed toward an end of the elastic member. 4. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the rib comprises a plurality of ribs, and at least two of the plurality of ribs each have a protruding length that increases in the radial direction of the elastic member as being directed toward the center of the elastic member. 5. The drum washing machine of claim 4, wherein the plurality of ribs are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. 6. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the rib comprises at least one shape of a circle, a rhombus, a rectangle, and a trapezoid. 7. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the elastic member comprises:
a body; a flange protruding in an outer direction from each of opposite ends of the body; and a protruding portion protruding from the flange. 8. The drum washing machine of claim 7, wherein the protruding portion is formed in a circumferential direction at edges of the flange. 9. A drum washing machine includes:
a tub; a motor bracket configured to fix a motor to the tub; and an elastic member provided between the tub and the motor bracket, wherein the elastic member has a diameter of at least a portion of the inner circumferential surface of the elastic member that is decreases from opposite ends toward a center of the elastic member. 10. The drum washing machine of claim 9, wherein the elastic member includes a cylindrical body and a flange formed at an edge of both ends of the body, and the flange includes a protruding portion protruding from the flange. 11. The drum washing machine of claim 10, wherein the protruding portion is formed in a circumferential direction on an upper surface of the flange. 12. The drum washing machine of claim 10, wherein the protruding portion includes a section having at least one shape of a circle, a rhombus, a rectangle, and a trapezoid. | Disclosed herein is a drum washing machine having an improved motor mount structure. The drum washing machine includes a tub having a coupling part; a drum rotatably installed in the tub; a motor bracket installed at the coupling part; and an elastic member having a cylindrical shape and disposed between the motor bracket and the tub, wherein the elastic member comprises a rib protruding in a radial direction from the inner circumferential surface of the elastic member, and the rib has the longest protrusion at a longitudinal center of the elastic member.1. A drum washing machine comprising:
a tub having a coupling part; a drum rotatably installed in the tub; a motor bracket installed at the coupling part; and an elastic member having a cylindrical shape and disposed between the motor bracket and the tub, wherein the elastic member comprises a rib protruding in a radial direction from the inner circumferential surface of the elastic member, and the rib has a protruding length that is largest at a longitudinal center of the elastic member. 2. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the motor bracket comprises a coupling hole corresponding to the coupling part, and an outer circumferential surface of the elastic member is configured to contact an inner surface of the coupling hole. 3. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the protruding length of the rib decreases from the center of the elastic member as being directed toward an end of the elastic member. 4. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the rib comprises a plurality of ribs, and at least two of the plurality of ribs each have a protruding length that increases in the radial direction of the elastic member as being directed toward the center of the elastic member. 5. The drum washing machine of claim 4, wherein the plurality of ribs are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. 6. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the rib comprises at least one shape of a circle, a rhombus, a rectangle, and a trapezoid. 7. The drum washing machine of claim 1, wherein the elastic member comprises:
a body; a flange protruding in an outer direction from each of opposite ends of the body; and a protruding portion protruding from the flange. 8. The drum washing machine of claim 7, wherein the protruding portion is formed in a circumferential direction at edges of the flange. 9. A drum washing machine includes:
a tub; a motor bracket configured to fix a motor to the tub; and an elastic member provided between the tub and the motor bracket, wherein the elastic member has a diameter of at least a portion of the inner circumferential surface of the elastic member that is decreases from opposite ends toward a center of the elastic member. 10. The drum washing machine of claim 9, wherein the elastic member includes a cylindrical body and a flange formed at an edge of both ends of the body, and the flange includes a protruding portion protruding from the flange. 11. The drum washing machine of claim 10, wherein the protruding portion is formed in a circumferential direction on an upper surface of the flange. 12. The drum washing machine of claim 10, wherein the protruding portion includes a section having at least one shape of a circle, a rhombus, a rectangle, and a trapezoid. | 1,600 |
345,284 | 16,643,207 | 1,613 | Use of a coating composition in the reduction or prevention of insufficient venting of a beverage can, the beverage can comprising a can body and a can end having a score line on said can end, wherein the coating composition comprises a polyester material, wherein the coating composition is applied to at least the internal surface of the can end over at least a portion of the score line, and wherein a cured film formed from the coating composition has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 50° C. A method of coating a can comprising a can body and a can end having a score line on said can end, wherein the method comprises applying a coating composition to at least a portion of an internal surface of the can end over at least a portion of the score line, the coating composition comprising a polyester material; and curing the coating composition to form a cured film, wherein the cured film has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 50° C., wherein the can, when filled with a carbonated beverage and sealed, exhibits sufficient venting upon rupture of the score line. | 1. Use of a coating composition in the reduction or prevention of insufficient venting of a beverage can, the beverage can comprising a can body and a can end having a score line on said can end, wherein the coating composition comprises a polyester material, wherein the coating composition is applied to at least the internal surface of the can end over at least a portion of the score line, and wherein a cured film formed from the coating composition has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 50° C. 2. A method of coating a can comprising a can body and a can end having a score line on said can end, wherein the method comprises applying a coating composition to at least a portion of an internal surface of the can end over at least a portion of the score line, the coating composition comprising a polyester material;
and curing the coating composition to form a cured film, wherein the cured film has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 50° C., wherein the can, when filled with a carbonated beverage and sealed, exhibits sufficient venting upon rupture of the score line. 3. A use or method according to either of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the polyester material is obtainable by polymerizing a polyacid component and a polyol component, wherein the polyacid component comprises terephthalic acid (TPA), isophthalic acid (IPA), dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl isophthalic acid, 1,4 cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and/or fumaric anhydride. 4. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material is obtainable by polymerizing a polyacid component and a polyol component, wherein the polyol component comprises: propylene glycol, 2-methyl propanediol (2-MPD), neopentyl glycol (NPG), 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM), butyl ethyl propane diol (BEPD), trimethylolppropane (TMP) and/or 1,6 hexanediol. 5. A use or method according to either of claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component of the polyester material comprises a Tg enhancing monomer comprising:
(i) an optionally substituted naphthalene group-containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof;
(ii) a polyacid or polyol comprising two optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cyclic groups, wherein the cyclic groups do not share an atom, and wherein the cyclic groups are directly bonded or are separated by one carbon atom;
(iii) an optionally substituted furan group-containing polyacid or polyol;
(iv) an optionally substituted fused bicyclic group-containing polyacid or polyol, wherein each ring is a five membered ring and in which one or both rings may comprise a heteroatom in the ring;
(v) an optionally substituted bridged tricyclodecane group-containing polyacid or polyol;
(vi) an optionally substituted bridged norbornene-group containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof;
(vii) an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl or aromatic group-containing polyacid or polyol;
(viii) a branched alkyl group-containing polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises at least one quaternary carbon atom and is formed of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the carbon atoms bonded to the acid or hydroxyl groups are primary carbon atoms;
(ix) an optionally substituted tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-group containing polyacid or polyol; and/or
(x) a diol according to formula (I) 6. A use or method method according to any preceding claim, wherein the cured film formed from the coating composition has a glass transition temperature (Tg) from 65 to 110° C. 7. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material has an Mn from 5,000 to 25,000 Da determined by gel permeation chromatography using a polystyrene standard according to ASTM D6579-11. 8. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material has a gross hydroxyl value from 0 to 150 mg KOH/g. 9. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the the polyester material has an acid number from 0 to 150 mg KOH/g. 10. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material comprises an acrylic polyester resin. 11. A use or method according to claim 10, wherein the acrylic polyester resin is obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer and a polyester material, wherein the polyester material is obtainable by polymerizing:
i) a polyacid component, with ii) a polyol component, 12. A use or method according to claim 11, wherein the functional monomer comprises an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, which ethylenically unsaturated monomer is operable to impart ethylenically unsaturated functionality on the backbone of the polyester material, or pendant therefrom. 13. A use or method according to claim 12, wherein the functional monomer of the polyester material of the acrylic polyester resin comprises maleic acid, maleic anhydride and/or fumaric acid. 14. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the coating composition has a Young's modulus of 0.5 to 3 gigapascal (GPa). 15. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the coating composition is a liquid coating composition or a powder coating composition. 16. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the coating composition further comprises a second polyester material in addition to the polyester material. 17. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the coating composition comprises an adhesion promoter. 18. A use or method according to claim 17, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises an acidic polyester. 19. A use or method according to claim 18, wherein the acidic polyester comprises the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising;
(a) a precursor polyester resin, the precursor polyester resin being a polycondensate of:
(I) a polyol component comprising a mixture of diols and triols; and
(II) a polyacid component comprising alpha,beta-unsaturated polycarboxylic acid; and
(b) a phosphorous acid. 20. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material and/or coating composition is substantially free of bisphenol A (BPA) and derivatives thereof. | Use of a coating composition in the reduction or prevention of insufficient venting of a beverage can, the beverage can comprising a can body and a can end having a score line on said can end, wherein the coating composition comprises a polyester material, wherein the coating composition is applied to at least the internal surface of the can end over at least a portion of the score line, and wherein a cured film formed from the coating composition has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 50° C. A method of coating a can comprising a can body and a can end having a score line on said can end, wherein the method comprises applying a coating composition to at least a portion of an internal surface of the can end over at least a portion of the score line, the coating composition comprising a polyester material; and curing the coating composition to form a cured film, wherein the cured film has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 50° C., wherein the can, when filled with a carbonated beverage and sealed, exhibits sufficient venting upon rupture of the score line.1. Use of a coating composition in the reduction or prevention of insufficient venting of a beverage can, the beverage can comprising a can body and a can end having a score line on said can end, wherein the coating composition comprises a polyester material, wherein the coating composition is applied to at least the internal surface of the can end over at least a portion of the score line, and wherein a cured film formed from the coating composition has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 50° C. 2. A method of coating a can comprising a can body and a can end having a score line on said can end, wherein the method comprises applying a coating composition to at least a portion of an internal surface of the can end over at least a portion of the score line, the coating composition comprising a polyester material;
and curing the coating composition to form a cured film, wherein the cured film has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 50° C., wherein the can, when filled with a carbonated beverage and sealed, exhibits sufficient venting upon rupture of the score line. 3. A use or method according to either of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the polyester material is obtainable by polymerizing a polyacid component and a polyol component, wherein the polyacid component comprises terephthalic acid (TPA), isophthalic acid (IPA), dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl isophthalic acid, 1,4 cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and/or fumaric anhydride. 4. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material is obtainable by polymerizing a polyacid component and a polyol component, wherein the polyol component comprises: propylene glycol, 2-methyl propanediol (2-MPD), neopentyl glycol (NPG), 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM), butyl ethyl propane diol (BEPD), trimethylolppropane (TMP) and/or 1,6 hexanediol. 5. A use or method according to either of claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component of the polyester material comprises a Tg enhancing monomer comprising:
(i) an optionally substituted naphthalene group-containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof;
(ii) a polyacid or polyol comprising two optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cyclic groups, wherein the cyclic groups do not share an atom, and wherein the cyclic groups are directly bonded or are separated by one carbon atom;
(iii) an optionally substituted furan group-containing polyacid or polyol;
(iv) an optionally substituted fused bicyclic group-containing polyacid or polyol, wherein each ring is a five membered ring and in which one or both rings may comprise a heteroatom in the ring;
(v) an optionally substituted bridged tricyclodecane group-containing polyacid or polyol;
(vi) an optionally substituted bridged norbornene-group containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof;
(vii) an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl or aromatic group-containing polyacid or polyol;
(viii) a branched alkyl group-containing polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises at least one quaternary carbon atom and is formed of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the carbon atoms bonded to the acid or hydroxyl groups are primary carbon atoms;
(ix) an optionally substituted tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-group containing polyacid or polyol; and/or
(x) a diol according to formula (I) 6. A use or method method according to any preceding claim, wherein the cured film formed from the coating composition has a glass transition temperature (Tg) from 65 to 110° C. 7. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material has an Mn from 5,000 to 25,000 Da determined by gel permeation chromatography using a polystyrene standard according to ASTM D6579-11. 8. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material has a gross hydroxyl value from 0 to 150 mg KOH/g. 9. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the the polyester material has an acid number from 0 to 150 mg KOH/g. 10. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material comprises an acrylic polyester resin. 11. A use or method according to claim 10, wherein the acrylic polyester resin is obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer and a polyester material, wherein the polyester material is obtainable by polymerizing:
i) a polyacid component, with ii) a polyol component, 12. A use or method according to claim 11, wherein the functional monomer comprises an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, which ethylenically unsaturated monomer is operable to impart ethylenically unsaturated functionality on the backbone of the polyester material, or pendant therefrom. 13. A use or method according to claim 12, wherein the functional monomer of the polyester material of the acrylic polyester resin comprises maleic acid, maleic anhydride and/or fumaric acid. 14. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the coating composition has a Young's modulus of 0.5 to 3 gigapascal (GPa). 15. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the coating composition is a liquid coating composition or a powder coating composition. 16. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the coating composition further comprises a second polyester material in addition to the polyester material. 17. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the coating composition comprises an adhesion promoter. 18. A use or method according to claim 17, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises an acidic polyester. 19. A use or method according to claim 18, wherein the acidic polyester comprises the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising;
(a) a precursor polyester resin, the precursor polyester resin being a polycondensate of:
(I) a polyol component comprising a mixture of diols and triols; and
(II) a polyacid component comprising alpha,beta-unsaturated polycarboxylic acid; and
(b) a phosphorous acid. 20. A use or method according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyester material and/or coating composition is substantially free of bisphenol A (BPA) and derivatives thereof. | 1,600 |
345,285 | 16,643,189 | 1,613 | A control arm of a robotic surgical system includes a member, a drive motor, a first joint encoder, and a controller. The member is supported about a first joint. The drive motor is operably coupled to the member and configured to rotate the member about the first joint. The first joint encoder is disposed about the first joint and configured to transmit position signals indicative of the position of the member about the first joint. The controller is configured to transmit control signals in response to receiving position signals from the first joint encoder, the control signals causing the drive motor to overcome friction associated with the motion of the member about the first joint. | 1. A control arm of a robotic surgical system, comprising:
a member supported about a first joint; a drive motor operably coupled to the member and configured to rotate the member about the first joint; a first joint encoder disposed about the first joint, the first joint encoder configured to transmit position signals indicative of a pose of the member about the first joint; and a controller configured to transmit control signals in response to receiving position signals from the first joint encoder. 2. The control arm of claim 1, further comprising a transmission component disposed between the drive motor and the first joint to couple the member to the drive motor. 3. The control arm of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to transmit control signals to overcome a friction associated with the transmission component for moving the member about the first joint. 4. The control arm of claim 3, further comprising a motor encoder configured to transmit motor position signals to the controller. 5. The control arm of claim 4, wherein the drive motor is coupled to the transmission component at a second joint. 6. The control arm of claim 5, wherein the motor encoder is coupled to the drive motor at the second joint. 7. The control arm of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to calculate a direction of the member moving about the first joint. 8. The control arm of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to generate control signals to overcome transmission friction in response to calculating the direction of the member moving about the first joint. 9. The control arm of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to calculate a velocity of the member moving about the first joint. 10. The control arm of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to generate control signals to overcome transmission friction in response to calculating the direction and the velocity of the member about the first joint. 11. A method of compensating for friction in a transmission component, the method comprising:
receiving first position information of a member moving about a first joint from a joint encoder disposed about the first joint, the member coupled to a drive motor at the first joint by a transmission component; calculating a first direction and a first velocity of the member in response to receiving the first position information; and transmitting control signals to the drive motor to overcome transmission friction associated with the transmission component cooperating with movement of the member. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
receiving second position information from the joint encoder in response to the member moving about the first joint; calculating a second direction and a second velocity of the member moving about the first joint; and comparing the first direction to the second direction. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising transmitting control signals to move the drive motor a predetermined distance in the second direction when the first direction is different from the second direction. 14. A method of compensating for positional offsets between a member and a drive motor, the method comprising:
receiving first position information from a first joint encoder disposed about a first joint, the first joint operably coupling a member to a drive motor; calculating a first direction of movement of the member about the first joint; receiving second position information from the first joint encoder; calculating a second direction of movement of the member about the first joint; comparing the first direction of movement to the second direction of movement; and transmitting control signals to move the drive motor a predetermined distance in the first direction of movement when the first direction of movement is different from the second direction of movement. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein transmitting control signals includes rotating the drive motor the predetermined distance in the first direction of movement, the drive motor coupled to a transmission component at a second joint. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein transmitting control signals includes rotating the drive motor the predetermined distance, where the predetermined distance is equal to an offset distance. | A control arm of a robotic surgical system includes a member, a drive motor, a first joint encoder, and a controller. The member is supported about a first joint. The drive motor is operably coupled to the member and configured to rotate the member about the first joint. The first joint encoder is disposed about the first joint and configured to transmit position signals indicative of the position of the member about the first joint. The controller is configured to transmit control signals in response to receiving position signals from the first joint encoder, the control signals causing the drive motor to overcome friction associated with the motion of the member about the first joint.1. A control arm of a robotic surgical system, comprising:
a member supported about a first joint; a drive motor operably coupled to the member and configured to rotate the member about the first joint; a first joint encoder disposed about the first joint, the first joint encoder configured to transmit position signals indicative of a pose of the member about the first joint; and a controller configured to transmit control signals in response to receiving position signals from the first joint encoder. 2. The control arm of claim 1, further comprising a transmission component disposed between the drive motor and the first joint to couple the member to the drive motor. 3. The control arm of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to transmit control signals to overcome a friction associated with the transmission component for moving the member about the first joint. 4. The control arm of claim 3, further comprising a motor encoder configured to transmit motor position signals to the controller. 5. The control arm of claim 4, wherein the drive motor is coupled to the transmission component at a second joint. 6. The control arm of claim 5, wherein the motor encoder is coupled to the drive motor at the second joint. 7. The control arm of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to calculate a direction of the member moving about the first joint. 8. The control arm of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to generate control signals to overcome transmission friction in response to calculating the direction of the member moving about the first joint. 9. The control arm of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to calculate a velocity of the member moving about the first joint. 10. The control arm of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to generate control signals to overcome transmission friction in response to calculating the direction and the velocity of the member about the first joint. 11. A method of compensating for friction in a transmission component, the method comprising:
receiving first position information of a member moving about a first joint from a joint encoder disposed about the first joint, the member coupled to a drive motor at the first joint by a transmission component; calculating a first direction and a first velocity of the member in response to receiving the first position information; and transmitting control signals to the drive motor to overcome transmission friction associated with the transmission component cooperating with movement of the member. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
receiving second position information from the joint encoder in response to the member moving about the first joint; calculating a second direction and a second velocity of the member moving about the first joint; and comparing the first direction to the second direction. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising transmitting control signals to move the drive motor a predetermined distance in the second direction when the first direction is different from the second direction. 14. A method of compensating for positional offsets between a member and a drive motor, the method comprising:
receiving first position information from a first joint encoder disposed about a first joint, the first joint operably coupling a member to a drive motor; calculating a first direction of movement of the member about the first joint; receiving second position information from the first joint encoder; calculating a second direction of movement of the member about the first joint; comparing the first direction of movement to the second direction of movement; and transmitting control signals to move the drive motor a predetermined distance in the first direction of movement when the first direction of movement is different from the second direction of movement. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein transmitting control signals includes rotating the drive motor the predetermined distance in the first direction of movement, the drive motor coupled to a transmission component at a second joint. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein transmitting control signals includes rotating the drive motor the predetermined distance, where the predetermined distance is equal to an offset distance. | 1,600 |
345,286 | 16,643,175 | 1,613 | The present disclosure relates to packet forwarding including: determining, according to a forwarding table, an outgoing interface aggregation group corresponding to an incoming interface having received a packet, wherein the forwarding table indicating a relationship between the incoming interface and the outgoing interface aggregation group; selecting, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes at least one outgoing interface which belongs to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface, wherein the NUMA node being non-uniform memory access architecture node; and sending the packet through the first outgoing interface. | 1. A method for packet forwarding, comprising:
determining, based on a forwarding table, an outgoing interface aggregation group corresponding to an incoming interface having received a packet, wherein the forwarding table indicating a relationship between the incoming interface and the outgoing interface aggregation group; selecting, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes at least one outgoing interface which belongs to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface, wherein the NUMA node being a non-uniform memory access architecture node; and sending the packet through the first outgoing interface. 2. The method according to claim 1, selecting a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface includes:
determining outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group; determining, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; and selecting an outgoing interface which belongs to the NUMA node from the outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group as the first outgoing interface. 3. The method according to claim 1, selecting a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface includes:
determining, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; determining outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node; and selecting an outgoing interface which belongs to the outgoing interface aggregation group from the outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node as the first outgoing interface. 4. The method according to claim 1, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes multiple outgoing interfaces which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, the method further comprises:
performing, based on a packet feature, a hash operation to obtain a hash operation result; and determining, based on the hash operation result, the first outgoing interface from the outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining, when the outgoing interface aggregation group does not include any outgoing interface belonging to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a second outgoing interface for sending the packet from outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to other NUMA nodes. 6. An apparatus for packet forwarding, comprising:
a processor; a machine readable storage medium storing machine executable instructions, wherein when the machine executable instructions are being read and executed, the processor is caused to: determine, based on a forwarding table, an outgoing interface aggregation group corresponding to an incoming interface having received a packet, wherein the forwarding table indicating a relationship between the incoming interface and the outgoing interface aggregation group; select, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes at least one outgoing interface which belongs to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, from the at least one outgoing interface a first outgoing interface for sending the packet, wherein the NUMA node being a non-uniform memory access architecture node; and send the packet through the first outgoing interface. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, in order to select a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface, the processor is caused to:
determine outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group; determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; and select an outgoing interface which belongs to the NUMA node from the outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group as the first outgoing interface. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, in order to select a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface, the processor is caused to:
determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; determine outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node; and select an outgoing interface which belongs to the outgoing interface aggregation group from the outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node as the first outgoing interface. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes multiple outgoing interfaces which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, the processor is further caused to:
perform, based on a packet feature, a hash operation to obtain a hash operation result; and determine, based on the hash operation result, the first outgoing interface from the outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface. 10. The apparatus according to claim 6, the processor is further caused to:
determine, when the outgoing interface aggregation group does not include any outgoing interface belonging to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a second outgoing interface for sending the packet from outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to other NUMA nodes. 11. An apparatus for packet forwarding, comprising:
an outgoing interface aggregation group determining module configured to determine, based on a forwarding table, an outgoing interface aggregation group corresponding to an incoming interface having received a packet, wherein the forwarding table indicating a relationship between the incoming interface and the outgoing interface aggregation group; a first outgoing interface selecting module configured to select, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes at least one outgoing interface which belongs to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, from the at least one outgoing interface a first outgoing interface for sending the packet, wherein the NUMA node being a non-uniform memory access architecture node; and a packet sending module configured to send the packet through the first outgoing interface. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, the first outgoing interface selecting module comprises:
a first determining module configured to determine outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group; a NUMA node determining module configured to determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; and a first selecting module configured to select an outgoing interface which belongs to the NUMA node from the outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group as the first outgoing interface. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, the first outgoing interface selecting module comprises:
a NUMA node determining module configured to determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; a second determining module configured to determine outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node; and a second selecting module configured to select an outgoing interface which belongs to the outgoing interface aggregation group from the outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node as the first outgoing interface. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, the first outgoing interface selecting module comprises:
a first determining module configured to determine outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group; a NUMA node determining module configured to determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; a second determining module configured to determine outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node; a third determining module configured to determine, based on outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node and outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group, outgoing interfaces which belong to both the outgoing interface aggregation group and the NUMA node; and a third selecting module configured to select an outgoing interface as the first outgoing interface from the outgoing interfaces which belong to both the outgoing interface aggregation group and the NUMA node. 15. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a hash operation module configured to perform, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes multiple outgoing interfaces which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a hash operation based on a packet feature to obtain a hash operation result; and a first outgoing interface determining module configured to determine, based on the hash operation result, the first outgoing interface from the outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface. 16. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a second outgoing interface selecting module configured to determine, when the outgoing interface aggregation group does not include any outgoing interface belonging to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a second outgoing interface for sending the packet from outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to other NUMA nodes. | The present disclosure relates to packet forwarding including: determining, according to a forwarding table, an outgoing interface aggregation group corresponding to an incoming interface having received a packet, wherein the forwarding table indicating a relationship between the incoming interface and the outgoing interface aggregation group; selecting, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes at least one outgoing interface which belongs to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface, wherein the NUMA node being non-uniform memory access architecture node; and sending the packet through the first outgoing interface.1. A method for packet forwarding, comprising:
determining, based on a forwarding table, an outgoing interface aggregation group corresponding to an incoming interface having received a packet, wherein the forwarding table indicating a relationship between the incoming interface and the outgoing interface aggregation group; selecting, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes at least one outgoing interface which belongs to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface, wherein the NUMA node being a non-uniform memory access architecture node; and sending the packet through the first outgoing interface. 2. The method according to claim 1, selecting a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface includes:
determining outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group; determining, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; and selecting an outgoing interface which belongs to the NUMA node from the outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group as the first outgoing interface. 3. The method according to claim 1, selecting a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface includes:
determining, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; determining outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node; and selecting an outgoing interface which belongs to the outgoing interface aggregation group from the outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node as the first outgoing interface. 4. The method according to claim 1, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes multiple outgoing interfaces which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, the method further comprises:
performing, based on a packet feature, a hash operation to obtain a hash operation result; and determining, based on the hash operation result, the first outgoing interface from the outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining, when the outgoing interface aggregation group does not include any outgoing interface belonging to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a second outgoing interface for sending the packet from outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to other NUMA nodes. 6. An apparatus for packet forwarding, comprising:
a processor; a machine readable storage medium storing machine executable instructions, wherein when the machine executable instructions are being read and executed, the processor is caused to: determine, based on a forwarding table, an outgoing interface aggregation group corresponding to an incoming interface having received a packet, wherein the forwarding table indicating a relationship between the incoming interface and the outgoing interface aggregation group; select, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes at least one outgoing interface which belongs to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, from the at least one outgoing interface a first outgoing interface for sending the packet, wherein the NUMA node being a non-uniform memory access architecture node; and send the packet through the first outgoing interface. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, in order to select a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface, the processor is caused to:
determine outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group; determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; and select an outgoing interface which belongs to the NUMA node from the outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group as the first outgoing interface. 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, in order to select a first outgoing interface for sending the packet from the at least one outgoing interface, the processor is caused to:
determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; determine outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node; and select an outgoing interface which belongs to the outgoing interface aggregation group from the outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node as the first outgoing interface. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes multiple outgoing interfaces which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, the processor is further caused to:
perform, based on a packet feature, a hash operation to obtain a hash operation result; and determine, based on the hash operation result, the first outgoing interface from the outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface. 10. The apparatus according to claim 6, the processor is further caused to:
determine, when the outgoing interface aggregation group does not include any outgoing interface belonging to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a second outgoing interface for sending the packet from outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to other NUMA nodes. 11. An apparatus for packet forwarding, comprising:
an outgoing interface aggregation group determining module configured to determine, based on a forwarding table, an outgoing interface aggregation group corresponding to an incoming interface having received a packet, wherein the forwarding table indicating a relationship between the incoming interface and the outgoing interface aggregation group; a first outgoing interface selecting module configured to select, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes at least one outgoing interface which belongs to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, from the at least one outgoing interface a first outgoing interface for sending the packet, wherein the NUMA node being a non-uniform memory access architecture node; and a packet sending module configured to send the packet through the first outgoing interface. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, the first outgoing interface selecting module comprises:
a first determining module configured to determine outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group; a NUMA node determining module configured to determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; and a first selecting module configured to select an outgoing interface which belongs to the NUMA node from the outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group as the first outgoing interface. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, the first outgoing interface selecting module comprises:
a NUMA node determining module configured to determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; a second determining module configured to determine outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node; and a second selecting module configured to select an outgoing interface which belongs to the outgoing interface aggregation group from the outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node as the first outgoing interface. 14. The apparatus according to claim 11, the first outgoing interface selecting module comprises:
a first determining module configured to determine outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group; a NUMA node determining module configured to determine, based on a mapping between interfaces and NUMA nodes, a NUMA node to which the incoming interface belongs; a second determining module configured to determine outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node; a third determining module configured to determine, based on outgoing interfaces included in the NUMA node and outgoing interfaces included in the outgoing interface aggregation group, outgoing interfaces which belong to both the outgoing interface aggregation group and the NUMA node; and a third selecting module configured to select an outgoing interface as the first outgoing interface from the outgoing interfaces which belong to both the outgoing interface aggregation group and the NUMA node. 15. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a hash operation module configured to perform, when the outgoing interface aggregation group includes multiple outgoing interfaces which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a hash operation based on a packet feature to obtain a hash operation result; and a first outgoing interface determining module configured to determine, based on the hash operation result, the first outgoing interface from the outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface. 16. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a second outgoing interface selecting module configured to determine, when the outgoing interface aggregation group does not include any outgoing interface belonging to the same NUMA node as the incoming interface, a second outgoing interface for sending the packet from outgoing interfaces in the outgoing interface aggregation group which belong to other NUMA nodes. | 1,600 |
345,287 | 16,643,182 | 1,613 | A calibrated measurement of the angular misalignment x of a radiofrequency antenna pointing towards a slow mobile, radio transmitter along an antenna axis, the antenna being in radio communication with the mobile. | 1. A method for estimating the angular misalignment x of an antenna pointing towards a satellite or a remote mobile along an antenna axis, the antenna being in radio communication with said mobile, the mobile transmitting on a continuous amplitude/phase modulated carrier by a message, in a given frequency band, the method comprising the following steps:
application of a predefined periodic movement to the antenna axis; receiving of radiofrequency signals derived from the mobile during a period of the applied path, the signal being received on a frequency band lower than or equal to the frequency of the transmitted signal; determination, on a logarithmic scale, of the instantaneous power of the received signal, said instantaneous power being obtained by the following steps: filtering of the intermediate-frequency or baseband signal of all or part of the spectrum of the signal arriving from the mobile; calculation of the rms voltage of the received radiofrequency signal or square law detection; filtering of this rms voltage; calculation of the logarithm of this filtered rms voltage; harmonic decomposition over each period of the power thus determined into a fundamental component and at least one harmonic component; estimation of the angular misalignment x from the ratio between the fundamental term and a harmonic component. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the harmonic component of interest is the harmonic component 2, the estimation of the angular misalignment x being obtained from the ratio of the fundamental component to the harmonic component 2. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the movement is like a sinusoid or a 2D-composition of elementary movements on 2 orthogonal axes. 4. The method for tracking the pointing of an antenna, comprising a step of estimating the angular misalignment of the antenna with an estimation method according to claim 1, the method comprising a step of comparing the misalignment to a threshold; and if the misalignment is greater than said threshold, the method comprising a step of stopping the transmission of the antenna towards the satellite if the antenna is also a transmitting antenna. 5. The method for tracking the pointing of an antenna according to claim 4, comprising a step of comparing the harmonic 2 with two threshold values, and if said harmonic 2 is comprised between said two threshold values, the method comprising a step of generating an instruction to move the antenna in order to cancel the estimated misalignment. 6. A device for accurately measuring the angular misalignment of an antenna comprising a processor configured to implement a method according to claim 1. 7. A device for tracking a pointing of an antenna comprising a unit for controlling the antenna and a device for estimating the angular misalignment of the antenna according to claim 1. | A calibrated measurement of the angular misalignment x of a radiofrequency antenna pointing towards a slow mobile, radio transmitter along an antenna axis, the antenna being in radio communication with the mobile.1. A method for estimating the angular misalignment x of an antenna pointing towards a satellite or a remote mobile along an antenna axis, the antenna being in radio communication with said mobile, the mobile transmitting on a continuous amplitude/phase modulated carrier by a message, in a given frequency band, the method comprising the following steps:
application of a predefined periodic movement to the antenna axis; receiving of radiofrequency signals derived from the mobile during a period of the applied path, the signal being received on a frequency band lower than or equal to the frequency of the transmitted signal; determination, on a logarithmic scale, of the instantaneous power of the received signal, said instantaneous power being obtained by the following steps: filtering of the intermediate-frequency or baseband signal of all or part of the spectrum of the signal arriving from the mobile; calculation of the rms voltage of the received radiofrequency signal or square law detection; filtering of this rms voltage; calculation of the logarithm of this filtered rms voltage; harmonic decomposition over each period of the power thus determined into a fundamental component and at least one harmonic component; estimation of the angular misalignment x from the ratio between the fundamental term and a harmonic component. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the harmonic component of interest is the harmonic component 2, the estimation of the angular misalignment x being obtained from the ratio of the fundamental component to the harmonic component 2. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the movement is like a sinusoid or a 2D-composition of elementary movements on 2 orthogonal axes. 4. The method for tracking the pointing of an antenna, comprising a step of estimating the angular misalignment of the antenna with an estimation method according to claim 1, the method comprising a step of comparing the misalignment to a threshold; and if the misalignment is greater than said threshold, the method comprising a step of stopping the transmission of the antenna towards the satellite if the antenna is also a transmitting antenna. 5. The method for tracking the pointing of an antenna according to claim 4, comprising a step of comparing the harmonic 2 with two threshold values, and if said harmonic 2 is comprised between said two threshold values, the method comprising a step of generating an instruction to move the antenna in order to cancel the estimated misalignment. 6. A device for accurately measuring the angular misalignment of an antenna comprising a processor configured to implement a method according to claim 1. 7. A device for tracking a pointing of an antenna comprising a unit for controlling the antenna and a device for estimating the angular misalignment of the antenna according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,288 | 16,643,209 | 1,613 | The present invention relates to a sheetlike composite comprising, as mutually superposed layers, | 1. A sheetlike composite comprising, as mutually superposed layers of a layer sequence in a direction from an outer face of the sheetlike composite to an inner face of the sheetlike composite,
a) a carrier layer, b) a barrier layer, and c) an inner polymer layer, wherein the sheetlike composite has a multitude of groove lines arranged and configured such that, by folding the sheetlike composite along the groove lines and joining seam areas of the sheetlike composite thereby obtaining seams, a closed container is obtainable, wherein the closed container has a roof area, wherein a first portion of the groove lines of the multitude of groove lines at least partly forms a circumference of a first part-area of the roof area, wherein the groove lines of the first portion, relative to the first part-area of the roof area, have at least partly convex curvature, wherein the first part-area of the roof area has a first length in a longitudinal direction and has a second length in a circumferential direction at right angles to the longitudinal direction, wherein a ratio of the first length to the second length is in a range from 0.2 to 2.0. 2. The sheetlike composite according to claim 1, wherein the sheetlike composite is a blank for production of a single closed container. 3. The sheetlike composite according to claim 1, wherein the carrier layer has a hole in the first part-area of the roof area. 4. The sheetlike composite according to claim 3, wherein the hole is covered at least by the barrier layer and the inner polymer layer as hole-covering layers. 5. The sheetlike composite according to claim 3,
wherein the first part-area of the roof area has a first surface area, wherein the hole has a further surface area, where a ratio of the first surface area to the further surface area is in a range from 1.0 to 45.0. 6. The sheetlike composite according to claim 1, wherein the sheetlike composite has at least one further part-area of the roof area,
wherein the first part-area of the roof area and the at least one further part-area of the roof area are arranged and formed such that they together form the roof area of the closed container in the closed container, wherein the at least one further part-area of the roof area has a third length in the longitudinal direction, wherein the third length is different from the first length. 7. The sheetlike composite according to claim 1, wherein the sheetlike composite has at least one further part-area of the roof area,
wherein the first part-area of the roof area and the at least one further part-area of the roof area are arranged and formed such that they together form the roof area of the closed container in the closed container, wherein the at least one further part-area of the roof area has a third length in the longitudinal direction, wherein a ratio of the first length to the third length is in a range from 1.0 to 5.0. 8. A method comprising, as method steps:
a) providing a sheetlike composite precursor including a carrier layer; and b) introducing a multitude of groove lines into the sheetlike composite precursor, wherein the groove lines of the multitude of groove lines are introduced such that, by folding a sheetlike composite obtained from the sheetlike composite precursor along the groove lines and joining seam areas of the sheetlike composite thereby obtaining seams, a closed container is obtainable, wherein the closed container has a roof area, wherein a first portion of the groove lines of the multitude of groove lines at least partly forms a circumference of a first part-area of the roof area, wherein the groove lines of the first portion, relative to the first part-area of the roof area, have at least partly convex curvature, wherein the first part-area of the roof area has a first length in a longitudinal direction and has a second length in a circumferential direction at right angles to the longitudinal direction, wherein a ratio of the first length to the second length is in a range from 0.2 to 2.0. 9. A sheetlike composite obtainable by the method according to claim 8. 10. A container precursor comprising the sheetlike composite according to claim 1. 11. A closed container comprising the sheetlike composite according to claim 1. 12. A method comprising, as method steps:
a. providing the sheetlike composite according to claim 1, the sheetlike composite comprising a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge; b. folding the sheetlike composite along groove lines of the multitude of groove lines; and c. contacting and joining the first longitudinal edge to the further longitudinal edge thereby obtaining a longitudinal seam. 13. A container precursor obtainable by the method according to claim 12. 14. A method comprising, as method steps:
A) providing the container precursor according to claim 10; B) forming a base region of the container precursor by folding the sheetlike composite along groove lines of the multitude of groove lines; C) closing the base region; D) filling the container precursor with a food or drink product; and E) closing the container precursor in a top region thereby obtaining a closed container. 15. A closed container obtainable by the method according to claim 14. 16. A use of the sheetlike composite according to claim 1 for production of a food or drink product container. | The present invention relates to a sheetlike composite comprising, as mutually superposed layers,1. A sheetlike composite comprising, as mutually superposed layers of a layer sequence in a direction from an outer face of the sheetlike composite to an inner face of the sheetlike composite,
a) a carrier layer, b) a barrier layer, and c) an inner polymer layer, wherein the sheetlike composite has a multitude of groove lines arranged and configured such that, by folding the sheetlike composite along the groove lines and joining seam areas of the sheetlike composite thereby obtaining seams, a closed container is obtainable, wherein the closed container has a roof area, wherein a first portion of the groove lines of the multitude of groove lines at least partly forms a circumference of a first part-area of the roof area, wherein the groove lines of the first portion, relative to the first part-area of the roof area, have at least partly convex curvature, wherein the first part-area of the roof area has a first length in a longitudinal direction and has a second length in a circumferential direction at right angles to the longitudinal direction, wherein a ratio of the first length to the second length is in a range from 0.2 to 2.0. 2. The sheetlike composite according to claim 1, wherein the sheetlike composite is a blank for production of a single closed container. 3. The sheetlike composite according to claim 1, wherein the carrier layer has a hole in the first part-area of the roof area. 4. The sheetlike composite according to claim 3, wherein the hole is covered at least by the barrier layer and the inner polymer layer as hole-covering layers. 5. The sheetlike composite according to claim 3,
wherein the first part-area of the roof area has a first surface area, wherein the hole has a further surface area, where a ratio of the first surface area to the further surface area is in a range from 1.0 to 45.0. 6. The sheetlike composite according to claim 1, wherein the sheetlike composite has at least one further part-area of the roof area,
wherein the first part-area of the roof area and the at least one further part-area of the roof area are arranged and formed such that they together form the roof area of the closed container in the closed container, wherein the at least one further part-area of the roof area has a third length in the longitudinal direction, wherein the third length is different from the first length. 7. The sheetlike composite according to claim 1, wherein the sheetlike composite has at least one further part-area of the roof area,
wherein the first part-area of the roof area and the at least one further part-area of the roof area are arranged and formed such that they together form the roof area of the closed container in the closed container, wherein the at least one further part-area of the roof area has a third length in the longitudinal direction, wherein a ratio of the first length to the third length is in a range from 1.0 to 5.0. 8. A method comprising, as method steps:
a) providing a sheetlike composite precursor including a carrier layer; and b) introducing a multitude of groove lines into the sheetlike composite precursor, wherein the groove lines of the multitude of groove lines are introduced such that, by folding a sheetlike composite obtained from the sheetlike composite precursor along the groove lines and joining seam areas of the sheetlike composite thereby obtaining seams, a closed container is obtainable, wherein the closed container has a roof area, wherein a first portion of the groove lines of the multitude of groove lines at least partly forms a circumference of a first part-area of the roof area, wherein the groove lines of the first portion, relative to the first part-area of the roof area, have at least partly convex curvature, wherein the first part-area of the roof area has a first length in a longitudinal direction and has a second length in a circumferential direction at right angles to the longitudinal direction, wherein a ratio of the first length to the second length is in a range from 0.2 to 2.0. 9. A sheetlike composite obtainable by the method according to claim 8. 10. A container precursor comprising the sheetlike composite according to claim 1. 11. A closed container comprising the sheetlike composite according to claim 1. 12. A method comprising, as method steps:
a. providing the sheetlike composite according to claim 1, the sheetlike composite comprising a first longitudinal edge and a further longitudinal edge; b. folding the sheetlike composite along groove lines of the multitude of groove lines; and c. contacting and joining the first longitudinal edge to the further longitudinal edge thereby obtaining a longitudinal seam. 13. A container precursor obtainable by the method according to claim 12. 14. A method comprising, as method steps:
A) providing the container precursor according to claim 10; B) forming a base region of the container precursor by folding the sheetlike composite along groove lines of the multitude of groove lines; C) closing the base region; D) filling the container precursor with a food or drink product; and E) closing the container precursor in a top region thereby obtaining a closed container. 15. A closed container obtainable by the method according to claim 14. 16. A use of the sheetlike composite according to claim 1 for production of a food or drink product container. | 1,600 |
345,289 | 16,643,146 | 1,613 | Provided is an aerosol generating apparatus including: a heater configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette, the heater including a first electrically conductive heating element formed along a first path on an electrically insulating substrate, a second electrically conductive heating element formed along a second path on the electrically insulating substrate, and a temperature sensor track formed along a third path in a region between the first path and the second path; a battery configured to supply power to the heater; and a controller configured to control the power supplied from the battery to the heater and monitor a temperature sensed using the temperature sensor track. | 1. An aerosol generating apparatus comprising:
a heater configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette, and comprising:
a first electrically conductive heating element formed along a first path on an electrically insulating substrate;
a second electrically conductive heating element formed along a second path on the electrically insulating substrate; and
a temperature sensor track formed along a third path in a region between the first path and the second path;
a battery configured to supply power to the heater; and a controller configured to control the power supplied from the battery to the heater and monitor a temperature sensed using the temperature sensor track. 2. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the first path is formed at an outer side of the third path on the electrically insulating substrate, and the second path is formed at an inner side of the third path on the electrically insulating substrate. 3. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element are heated by supply of the power, and the temperature sensor track senses a temperature of the heater heated by the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element. 4. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heater comprises:
a heating area in which the first electrically conductive heating element, the second electrically conductive heating element, and the temperature sensor track are formed; and a non-heating area in which ends of the first electrically conductive heating element, the second electrically conductive heating element, and the temperature sensor track are to be electrically connected to the battery. 5. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 4, wherein
the first electrically conductive heating element comprises a first end and a second end which are on the first path in the heating area, the second electrically conductive heating element comprises a third end and a fourth end which are on the second path in the heating area, the temperature sensor track comprises a fifth end and a sixth end which are on the third path in the heating area, the fifth end is located between the first end and the third end in the heating area, and the sixth end is located between the second end and the fourth end in the heating area. 6. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 5, wherein the non-heating area comprises:
a first connection portion connecting the first end and the third end to the battery; a second connection portion connecting the second end and the fourth end to the battery; and a pair of via holes respectively formed in the fifth end and the sixth end. 7. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first connection portion and the second connection portion
are manufactured as an electrically conductive element identical to the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element, and are manufactured to have a greater width or thickness than the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element. 8. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor track comprises an electrically conductive element having a different thermal coefficient resistance (TCR) or a different resistance value from the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element. 9. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 8, wherein
the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element have a TCR value between 1200 ppm/° C. and 1800 ppm/° C., and the temperature sensor track has a TCR value between 3500 ppm/° C. and 4100 ppm/° C. 10. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 8, wherein
the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element have a resistance value between 0.7Ω and 0.85Ω at a room temperature of 25° C., and the temperature sensor track has a resistance value between 12Ω and 14Ω at the room temperature of 25° C. 11. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein a distance between the temperature sensor track and the first electrically conductive heating element and a distance between the temperature sensor track and the second electrically conductive heating element are each at least 0.5 mm. 12. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heater is implemented as an internal heater to be inserted into the cigarette to heat the cigarette or as an external heater to heat an outer portion of the cigarette. 13. A heater for an aerosol generating apparatus for generating aerosol by heating a cigarette, the heater comprising:
a first electrically conductive heating element formed along a first path on an electrically insulating substrate; a second electrically conductive heating element formed along a second path on the electrically insulating substrate; and a temperature sensor track formed along a third path in a region between the first path and the second path. | Provided is an aerosol generating apparatus including: a heater configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette, the heater including a first electrically conductive heating element formed along a first path on an electrically insulating substrate, a second electrically conductive heating element formed along a second path on the electrically insulating substrate, and a temperature sensor track formed along a third path in a region between the first path and the second path; a battery configured to supply power to the heater; and a controller configured to control the power supplied from the battery to the heater and monitor a temperature sensed using the temperature sensor track.1. An aerosol generating apparatus comprising:
a heater configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette, and comprising:
a first electrically conductive heating element formed along a first path on an electrically insulating substrate;
a second electrically conductive heating element formed along a second path on the electrically insulating substrate; and
a temperature sensor track formed along a third path in a region between the first path and the second path;
a battery configured to supply power to the heater; and a controller configured to control the power supplied from the battery to the heater and monitor a temperature sensed using the temperature sensor track. 2. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the first path is formed at an outer side of the third path on the electrically insulating substrate, and the second path is formed at an inner side of the third path on the electrically insulating substrate. 3. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element are heated by supply of the power, and the temperature sensor track senses a temperature of the heater heated by the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element. 4. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heater comprises:
a heating area in which the first electrically conductive heating element, the second electrically conductive heating element, and the temperature sensor track are formed; and a non-heating area in which ends of the first electrically conductive heating element, the second electrically conductive heating element, and the temperature sensor track are to be electrically connected to the battery. 5. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 4, wherein
the first electrically conductive heating element comprises a first end and a second end which are on the first path in the heating area, the second electrically conductive heating element comprises a third end and a fourth end which are on the second path in the heating area, the temperature sensor track comprises a fifth end and a sixth end which are on the third path in the heating area, the fifth end is located between the first end and the third end in the heating area, and the sixth end is located between the second end and the fourth end in the heating area. 6. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 5, wherein the non-heating area comprises:
a first connection portion connecting the first end and the third end to the battery; a second connection portion connecting the second end and the fourth end to the battery; and a pair of via holes respectively formed in the fifth end and the sixth end. 7. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first connection portion and the second connection portion
are manufactured as an electrically conductive element identical to the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element, and are manufactured to have a greater width or thickness than the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element. 8. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor track comprises an electrically conductive element having a different thermal coefficient resistance (TCR) or a different resistance value from the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element. 9. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 8, wherein
the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element have a TCR value between 1200 ppm/° C. and 1800 ppm/° C., and the temperature sensor track has a TCR value between 3500 ppm/° C. and 4100 ppm/° C. 10. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 8, wherein
the first electrically conductive heating element and the second electrically conductive heating element have a resistance value between 0.7Ω and 0.85Ω at a room temperature of 25° C., and the temperature sensor track has a resistance value between 12Ω and 14Ω at the room temperature of 25° C. 11. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein a distance between the temperature sensor track and the first electrically conductive heating element and a distance between the temperature sensor track and the second electrically conductive heating element are each at least 0.5 mm. 12. The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heater is implemented as an internal heater to be inserted into the cigarette to heat the cigarette or as an external heater to heat an outer portion of the cigarette. 13. A heater for an aerosol generating apparatus for generating aerosol by heating a cigarette, the heater comprising:
a first electrically conductive heating element formed along a first path on an electrically insulating substrate; a second electrically conductive heating element formed along a second path on the electrically insulating substrate; and a temperature sensor track formed along a third path in a region between the first path and the second path. | 1,600 |
345,290 | 16,643,197 | 1,613 | The present invention belongs to the field of methods to validate genotyping results obtained by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) for a series of patients, to detect sample mix-ups and prevent misdiagnosis. In particular, the present invention relates to a method to validate Next-generation sequencing (NGS) genotyping results of a panel of genes tested in a series of at least 2 patients characterized in that said validation is provided by SNP profiling assay, adapted for allele-specific multiplex PCR, allowing accurate validation of NGS data by sample pairing. The present invention also relates to a kit comprising PCR multiplex reagents and/or NGS oligonucleotide probes or primers designed to capture or amplify sequences comprising a combination of at least 8 SNPs and its use for validating NGS genotyping results. | 1. A method to validate Next-generation sequencing (NGS) genotyping results of a panel of genes tested in a series of at least 2 patients characterized in that said validation is provided by SNP profiling assay, said method comprising the steps of:
a) determining the genotype for a combination of at least 8 SNPs by an independent SNP profiling assay using the primary DNA samples used to obtain said NGS genotyping results, said NGS genotyping results including the genotype for said SNPs; b) comparing the SNPs genotypes obtained by said SNP profiling assay and NGS assay; c) validating or not NGS genotyping results based on said comparison, wherein:
1) If there are not two patients from the series with identical SNP profiles, and said SNPs genotypes obtained by said SNP profiling assay and said NGS assay are identical, then NGS genotyping results are validated; and
2) If two patients have identical SNP profiles but NGS genotyping results are distinct, a sequencing assay (e.g. Sanger sequencing) is further performed for these two patients, in order to validate their NGS genotyping results; and
3) In other cases, NGS genotyping results are not validated and further validation is necessary; 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said SNPs further have one of the following features:
v. they do not present significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) between each other; vi. they present a minor allele frequency (MAF) for a population comprised between 0.1 and 0.5, preferentially between 0.2 and 0.5, more preferentially between 0.25 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.275 and 0.5, preferentially between 0.3 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.325 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.35 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.375 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.4 and 0.5 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said SNPs are located in housekeeping genes. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said combination of SNPs comprises at least one, SNP selected from rs11702450; rs843345; rs1058018; rs8017; rs3738494; rs1065483; rs2839181; rs11059924; rs2075144; rs6795772; rs456261; rs1131620; rs2231926; rs352169; and rs3739160. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein all of said SNPs are detected by allele-specific multiplex PCR with a specific set of primers, wherein said specific primers have the following features:
I. no additional SNP of frequency>5% is present within the said specific primers, and no additional SNP of frequency>1% is present within the 10 bases of the 3′ end of the said specific primers; II. their melting temperature is between 62° C. and 71° C. (+1/−1° C.); III. they generate amplicons which do not contain any repeat, insertion or deletion frequent (>1%) polymorphism wherein said specific set of primers comprises for each SNP the following triplet of primers:
a) 2 primers (“sense strand primers”) hybridizing on the same DNA strand specifically at their 3′ end to polymorphic nucleotide of alleles 1 and 2 of said SNP, respectively;
b) 1 primer specifically hybridizing to the opposite strand (“opposite strand primer”). 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein specific primers of each pair consisting of a sense primer and an opposite primer intended for amplifying one allele of an SNP further have the following features:
IV. they do not form dimer at their 3′end with themselves, nor with each other, whose binding energy is below −3.6 Kcal/mol; V. they do not hybridize to the genome unspecifically; VI. they generate amplicons with a size comprised between 90 and 500 base pairs. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein said 2 sense strand primers comprise at least one base at the 3′ end which is a Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) base. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein said sense strand primers or said opposite strand primers have an additional GTTTCTT sequence added to their 5′ end. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein said pairs of primers intended to amplify one allele of an SNP are designed to generate amplicons of different sizes, and wherein:
IX. the sizes of amplicons related to the allele 1 and the allele 2 of SNPn differ by 2 to 5 base pairs; and X. the sizes of amplicons related to the allele 2 of SNPn and the allele 1 of SNPn+1 differ by 2 to 20 base pairs; and XI. said difference between the sizes of amplicons of allele 1 and allele 2 of each SNP is generated by adding bases to the 5′ end of the sense strand primer hybridizing with allele 1 or 2 of the SNP. 10. The method according to claim 5, wherein said sense strand primers or said opposite strand primers are labeled with a fluorochrome, provided that, when the sense or opposite primers have a GTTTCTT sequence at their 5′ end, the fluorochrome is attached to primer not comprising the GTTTCTT sequence at their 5′ end. 11. The method according to claim 5, wherein said combination of SNPs comprises, all of rs11702450; rs843345; rs1058018; rs8017; rs3738494; rs1065483; rs2839181; rs11059924; rs2075144; rs6795772; rs456261; rs1131620; rs2231926; rs352169; and rs3739160, and said set of primers are selected from: 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein said SNPs are detected by determining the size of said amplicons generated by allele-specific multiplex PCR. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein said SNP profiling assay in said step b) is automated with a software recognizing the said labeled multiplex PCR products. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein said NGS is target capture NGS or amplicon NGS. 15. A kit for detection of a combination of at least 8 SNPs as defined in claim 4, comprising primers with the following features:
I. no additional SNP of frequency>5% is present within the said specific primers, and no additional SNP of frequency>1% is present within the 10 bases of the 3′ end of the said specific primers; II. their melting temperature is between 62° C. and 71° C. (+1/−1° C.); III. they generate amplicons which do not contain any repeat, insertion or deletion frequent (>1%) polymorphism wherein said specific set of primers comprises for each SNP the following triplet of primers:
a) 2 primers (“sense strand primers”) hybridizing on the same DNA strand specifically at their 3′ end to polymorphic nucleotide of alleles 1 and 2 of said SNP, respectively;
b) 1 primer specifically hybridizing to the opposite strand (“opposite strand primer”) 16. The method according to claim 1 comprising employing the kit according to claim 15. 17. A method for detecting polymorphisms in the DNA of a patient, comprising performing, the two following steps:
a) detecting polymorphisms by NGS assay, and b) validating NGS genotyping results using the method according to claim 1. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein said steps are performed in parallel. | The present invention belongs to the field of methods to validate genotyping results obtained by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) for a series of patients, to detect sample mix-ups and prevent misdiagnosis. In particular, the present invention relates to a method to validate Next-generation sequencing (NGS) genotyping results of a panel of genes tested in a series of at least 2 patients characterized in that said validation is provided by SNP profiling assay, adapted for allele-specific multiplex PCR, allowing accurate validation of NGS data by sample pairing. The present invention also relates to a kit comprising PCR multiplex reagents and/or NGS oligonucleotide probes or primers designed to capture or amplify sequences comprising a combination of at least 8 SNPs and its use for validating NGS genotyping results.1. A method to validate Next-generation sequencing (NGS) genotyping results of a panel of genes tested in a series of at least 2 patients characterized in that said validation is provided by SNP profiling assay, said method comprising the steps of:
a) determining the genotype for a combination of at least 8 SNPs by an independent SNP profiling assay using the primary DNA samples used to obtain said NGS genotyping results, said NGS genotyping results including the genotype for said SNPs; b) comparing the SNPs genotypes obtained by said SNP profiling assay and NGS assay; c) validating or not NGS genotyping results based on said comparison, wherein:
1) If there are not two patients from the series with identical SNP profiles, and said SNPs genotypes obtained by said SNP profiling assay and said NGS assay are identical, then NGS genotyping results are validated; and
2) If two patients have identical SNP profiles but NGS genotyping results are distinct, a sequencing assay (e.g. Sanger sequencing) is further performed for these two patients, in order to validate their NGS genotyping results; and
3) In other cases, NGS genotyping results are not validated and further validation is necessary; 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said SNPs further have one of the following features:
v. they do not present significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) between each other; vi. they present a minor allele frequency (MAF) for a population comprised between 0.1 and 0.5, preferentially between 0.2 and 0.5, more preferentially between 0.25 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.275 and 0.5, preferentially between 0.3 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.325 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.35 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.375 and 0.5, even more preferentially between 0.4 and 0.5 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said SNPs are located in housekeeping genes. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said combination of SNPs comprises at least one, SNP selected from rs11702450; rs843345; rs1058018; rs8017; rs3738494; rs1065483; rs2839181; rs11059924; rs2075144; rs6795772; rs456261; rs1131620; rs2231926; rs352169; and rs3739160. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein all of said SNPs are detected by allele-specific multiplex PCR with a specific set of primers, wherein said specific primers have the following features:
I. no additional SNP of frequency>5% is present within the said specific primers, and no additional SNP of frequency>1% is present within the 10 bases of the 3′ end of the said specific primers; II. their melting temperature is between 62° C. and 71° C. (+1/−1° C.); III. they generate amplicons which do not contain any repeat, insertion or deletion frequent (>1%) polymorphism wherein said specific set of primers comprises for each SNP the following triplet of primers:
a) 2 primers (“sense strand primers”) hybridizing on the same DNA strand specifically at their 3′ end to polymorphic nucleotide of alleles 1 and 2 of said SNP, respectively;
b) 1 primer specifically hybridizing to the opposite strand (“opposite strand primer”). 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein specific primers of each pair consisting of a sense primer and an opposite primer intended for amplifying one allele of an SNP further have the following features:
IV. they do not form dimer at their 3′end with themselves, nor with each other, whose binding energy is below −3.6 Kcal/mol; V. they do not hybridize to the genome unspecifically; VI. they generate amplicons with a size comprised between 90 and 500 base pairs. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein said 2 sense strand primers comprise at least one base at the 3′ end which is a Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) base. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein said sense strand primers or said opposite strand primers have an additional GTTTCTT sequence added to their 5′ end. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein said pairs of primers intended to amplify one allele of an SNP are designed to generate amplicons of different sizes, and wherein:
IX. the sizes of amplicons related to the allele 1 and the allele 2 of SNPn differ by 2 to 5 base pairs; and X. the sizes of amplicons related to the allele 2 of SNPn and the allele 1 of SNPn+1 differ by 2 to 20 base pairs; and XI. said difference between the sizes of amplicons of allele 1 and allele 2 of each SNP is generated by adding bases to the 5′ end of the sense strand primer hybridizing with allele 1 or 2 of the SNP. 10. The method according to claim 5, wherein said sense strand primers or said opposite strand primers are labeled with a fluorochrome, provided that, when the sense or opposite primers have a GTTTCTT sequence at their 5′ end, the fluorochrome is attached to primer not comprising the GTTTCTT sequence at their 5′ end. 11. The method according to claim 5, wherein said combination of SNPs comprises, all of rs11702450; rs843345; rs1058018; rs8017; rs3738494; rs1065483; rs2839181; rs11059924; rs2075144; rs6795772; rs456261; rs1131620; rs2231926; rs352169; and rs3739160, and said set of primers are selected from: 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein said SNPs are detected by determining the size of said amplicons generated by allele-specific multiplex PCR. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein said SNP profiling assay in said step b) is automated with a software recognizing the said labeled multiplex PCR products. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein said NGS is target capture NGS or amplicon NGS. 15. A kit for detection of a combination of at least 8 SNPs as defined in claim 4, comprising primers with the following features:
I. no additional SNP of frequency>5% is present within the said specific primers, and no additional SNP of frequency>1% is present within the 10 bases of the 3′ end of the said specific primers; II. their melting temperature is between 62° C. and 71° C. (+1/−1° C.); III. they generate amplicons which do not contain any repeat, insertion or deletion frequent (>1%) polymorphism wherein said specific set of primers comprises for each SNP the following triplet of primers:
a) 2 primers (“sense strand primers”) hybridizing on the same DNA strand specifically at their 3′ end to polymorphic nucleotide of alleles 1 and 2 of said SNP, respectively;
b) 1 primer specifically hybridizing to the opposite strand (“opposite strand primer”) 16. The method according to claim 1 comprising employing the kit according to claim 15. 17. A method for detecting polymorphisms in the DNA of a patient, comprising performing, the two following steps:
a) detecting polymorphisms by NGS assay, and b) validating NGS genotyping results using the method according to claim 1. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein said steps are performed in parallel. | 1,600 |
345,291 | 16,643,216 | 1,613 | The present invention relates to a single-dose dry powder inhaler comprising a base assembly comprising a chamber (14) configured for receiving a medication; and a mouthpiece assembly comprising air intake passages (25) for supplying air to the inhaler, a rotation chamber (26) for generating an aerosol of a medication, wherein the rotation chamber (26) is in air communication with the air intake passages (25), a tube (21C) comprising an internal passage in air communication with the rotation chamber (26) for discharging an aerosol of a medication and for administering said aerosol to a patient; wherein the base assembly and the mouthpiece assembly are configured such that the inhaler is capable of assuming an open configuration, in which access to the chamber (14) of the base assembly is provided for inserting therein a medication, and a closed configuration, in which the chamber (14) of the base assembly is in air communication with the rotation chamber (16) of the mouthpiece assembly for transferring a medication from the chamber (14) to the rotation chamber (16) for forming out of it an aerosol of the medication, and wherein at least one of the air intake passages (25) and the tube (21C) of the mouthpiece assembly is selectable, and in that the air intake passages (25) have a ratio of one of the transverse dimensions (H, W) to the other of the transverse dimensions (H, W) in the range from 1:1 to 1:0.10 and the tube (21C) comprises a constriction (27) arranged in the internal passage of the tube such that the coverage of the passage is in the range from 0% to 95%. The present invention relates also to a method for adjusting a single-dose dry powder inhaler for administering a specific medication. | 1. A single-dose dry powder inhaler comprising a capsule chamber, elements for perforating a capsule, air intake passages, a rotation chamber, a dispersing element and a mouthpiece with an air outtake passage and an articulated connection between the mouthpiece and the body, characterized in that particular parts of the inhaler are interconnected by means of a system of latches, and in that the supporting element is a body (1), in which the supporting element are 4 pillars (2) ended with latches (3) providing a permanent fixing with the upper cover (15) by means of a system of latch spots (18) in the cover (15), wherein the body (1), by means of a system of ribs (5) is a carrier for a transparent capsule chamber (11) comprising a capsule chamber (14), in which a capsule is perforated by means of spikes (10) moving in guide holes (13) allowing to release powder from a capsule cover during the inhalation process, the air passage system is comprised of a modular mouthpiece (21) attached to the mouthpiece base (13) with two air intake passages (14), wherein the ratio of the size of the height of a passage “H” to its width “W” is 1:0.85 do 1:0.25, and a mouthpiece mesh (21A) and a mouthpiece tube (21C) having a circular cross-section with an internal constriction (27), where the area of said constriction ranges from 33% to 85% of the area of the cross-section of the mouthpiece tube, respectively, at the joint between the tube and the base. 2. An inhaler according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two opposite push-buttons (7) comprising lower (9) and upper (8) protrusions, which fit the lower guides (6) of the body (1) and the upper guides (19) in the cover (15), as well springs (23) allowing to depress the push-buttons (7) following introduction of the spike (10) through the guide hole (13) in the transparent capsule chamber (11) leading into the capsule chamber (14). 3. An inhaler according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (21B) comprises a mesh (21A) and is joined by means of a latch (24) to the cover (15), and the mouthpiece tube (21C) is joined via latches (29) to the base (24) by means of latch spots to form a replaceable module (21). 4. A single-dose dry powder inhaler, comprising a base assembly comprising a chamber (14) configured to receive a medication; and a mouthpiece assembly comprising:
air intake passages (25) for supplying air into the inhaler, a rotation chamber (26) for generating an aerosol of a medication, wherein the rotation chamber (26) is in air communication with the air intake passages (25), a tube (21C) comprising an internal passage in air communication with the rotation chamber (26) for discharging an aerosol of a medication and administering said aerosol to the patient; wherein the base assembly and the mouthpiece assembly are configured such that the inhaler is capable of assuming an open configuration, in which access to the chamber (14) of the base assembly is provided for inserting therein a medication, and a closed configuration, in which the chamber (14) of the base assembly is in air communication with the rotation chamber (16) of the mouthpiece assembly for transferring a medication from the chamber (14) to the rotation chamber (16) for forming out of it an aerosol of the medication, characterized in that at least one of the air intake passages (25) and the tube (21C) of the mouthpiece assembly is selectable, and in that the air intake passages (25) have a ratio of one of the transverse dimensions (H, W) to the other of the transverse dimensions (H, W) in the range from 1:1 to 1:0.10 and the tube (21C) comprises a constriction (27) arranged in the internal passage of the tube such that the coverage of the passage is in the range from 0% to 95%. 5. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the chamber (14) is a capsule chamber adapted to receive a medication in the form of a capsule and in that it also comprises means for perforating a capsule in the capsule chamber. 6. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the air intake passages (25) have a ratio of one of the transverse dimensions (H, W) to the other of the transverse dimensions (H, W) in the range from 1:0.85 to 1:0.25. 7. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the coverage of the internal passage of the tube (21C) is in the range from 0% to 85%. 8. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the mouthpiece assembly is a replaceable, integrated module of the mouthpiece assembly. 9. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the mouthpiece assembly comprises a replaceable module of the air intake passages and a replaceable tube module. 10. A method for adjusting a single-dose dry powder inhaler for administering a specific medication, comprising
providing a reference medication having a desired particle distribution of a medication, providing a medication to be administered by means of an inhaler, providing an inhaler according to claim 4, comprising a mouthpiece assembly having the desired geometries of the air intake passage (25) and the tube (21C) of the mouthpiece assembly, for which the self-resistance coefficient RD has a specific value, generating an aerosol of the medication by means of the inhaler and analyzing said aerosol to determine the particle size distribution of the medication, if the particles of the medication in an aerosol generated by the inhaler are bigger than those of the reference medication, another mouthpiece assembly is selected comprising air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21B and a mouthpiece tube 21C such that the self-resistance coefficient RD of the inhaler with another mouthpiece assembly is bigger than the self-resistance RD of the inhaler with the prior mouthpiece assembly, however, if the particles of the medication in an aerosol generated by the inhaler are smaller than those of the reference medication, another mouthpiece assembly is selected comprising air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21B and a mouthpiece tube 21C such that the self-resistance coefficient RD of the inhaler with another mouthpiece assembly is bigger than the self-resistance RD of the inhaler with the prior mouthpiece assembly, and again, an aerosol is generated by means of the inhaler with another mouthpiece assembly and the generated aerosol is analyzed to determine the particle size distribution of the medication, the above stages being repeated until the particle distribution of the medication in an aerosol generated by the inhaler with the mouthpiece assembly having a selected geometry of the air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21 B and the mouthpiece tube 21C corresponds with the particle distribution of the reference medication within the range of ±15% of the desired value of particle size distribution, and the inhaler with such a mouthpiece assembly is deemed to be the inhaler dedicated for the medication, unless the inhaler with the first selected mouthpiece assembly meets the above condition. 11. A method for adjusting an inhaler according to claim 10, characterized in that a change in the geometry of the air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21B and/or of the mouthpiece tube 21C is effected by replacing the integrated mouthpiece assembly. 12. A method for adjusting an inhaler according to claim 11, characterized in that a change in the geometry of the air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21B and/or of the mouthpiece tube 21C is effected by replacing at least one of the air intake passage module and the tube module. | The present invention relates to a single-dose dry powder inhaler comprising a base assembly comprising a chamber (14) configured for receiving a medication; and a mouthpiece assembly comprising air intake passages (25) for supplying air to the inhaler, a rotation chamber (26) for generating an aerosol of a medication, wherein the rotation chamber (26) is in air communication with the air intake passages (25), a tube (21C) comprising an internal passage in air communication with the rotation chamber (26) for discharging an aerosol of a medication and for administering said aerosol to a patient; wherein the base assembly and the mouthpiece assembly are configured such that the inhaler is capable of assuming an open configuration, in which access to the chamber (14) of the base assembly is provided for inserting therein a medication, and a closed configuration, in which the chamber (14) of the base assembly is in air communication with the rotation chamber (16) of the mouthpiece assembly for transferring a medication from the chamber (14) to the rotation chamber (16) for forming out of it an aerosol of the medication, and wherein at least one of the air intake passages (25) and the tube (21C) of the mouthpiece assembly is selectable, and in that the air intake passages (25) have a ratio of one of the transverse dimensions (H, W) to the other of the transverse dimensions (H, W) in the range from 1:1 to 1:0.10 and the tube (21C) comprises a constriction (27) arranged in the internal passage of the tube such that the coverage of the passage is in the range from 0% to 95%. The present invention relates also to a method for adjusting a single-dose dry powder inhaler for administering a specific medication.1. A single-dose dry powder inhaler comprising a capsule chamber, elements for perforating a capsule, air intake passages, a rotation chamber, a dispersing element and a mouthpiece with an air outtake passage and an articulated connection between the mouthpiece and the body, characterized in that particular parts of the inhaler are interconnected by means of a system of latches, and in that the supporting element is a body (1), in which the supporting element are 4 pillars (2) ended with latches (3) providing a permanent fixing with the upper cover (15) by means of a system of latch spots (18) in the cover (15), wherein the body (1), by means of a system of ribs (5) is a carrier for a transparent capsule chamber (11) comprising a capsule chamber (14), in which a capsule is perforated by means of spikes (10) moving in guide holes (13) allowing to release powder from a capsule cover during the inhalation process, the air passage system is comprised of a modular mouthpiece (21) attached to the mouthpiece base (13) with two air intake passages (14), wherein the ratio of the size of the height of a passage “H” to its width “W” is 1:0.85 do 1:0.25, and a mouthpiece mesh (21A) and a mouthpiece tube (21C) having a circular cross-section with an internal constriction (27), where the area of said constriction ranges from 33% to 85% of the area of the cross-section of the mouthpiece tube, respectively, at the joint between the tube and the base. 2. An inhaler according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two opposite push-buttons (7) comprising lower (9) and upper (8) protrusions, which fit the lower guides (6) of the body (1) and the upper guides (19) in the cover (15), as well springs (23) allowing to depress the push-buttons (7) following introduction of the spike (10) through the guide hole (13) in the transparent capsule chamber (11) leading into the capsule chamber (14). 3. An inhaler according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (21B) comprises a mesh (21A) and is joined by means of a latch (24) to the cover (15), and the mouthpiece tube (21C) is joined via latches (29) to the base (24) by means of latch spots to form a replaceable module (21). 4. A single-dose dry powder inhaler, comprising a base assembly comprising a chamber (14) configured to receive a medication; and a mouthpiece assembly comprising:
air intake passages (25) for supplying air into the inhaler, a rotation chamber (26) for generating an aerosol of a medication, wherein the rotation chamber (26) is in air communication with the air intake passages (25), a tube (21C) comprising an internal passage in air communication with the rotation chamber (26) for discharging an aerosol of a medication and administering said aerosol to the patient; wherein the base assembly and the mouthpiece assembly are configured such that the inhaler is capable of assuming an open configuration, in which access to the chamber (14) of the base assembly is provided for inserting therein a medication, and a closed configuration, in which the chamber (14) of the base assembly is in air communication with the rotation chamber (16) of the mouthpiece assembly for transferring a medication from the chamber (14) to the rotation chamber (16) for forming out of it an aerosol of the medication, characterized in that at least one of the air intake passages (25) and the tube (21C) of the mouthpiece assembly is selectable, and in that the air intake passages (25) have a ratio of one of the transverse dimensions (H, W) to the other of the transverse dimensions (H, W) in the range from 1:1 to 1:0.10 and the tube (21C) comprises a constriction (27) arranged in the internal passage of the tube such that the coverage of the passage is in the range from 0% to 95%. 5. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the chamber (14) is a capsule chamber adapted to receive a medication in the form of a capsule and in that it also comprises means for perforating a capsule in the capsule chamber. 6. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the air intake passages (25) have a ratio of one of the transverse dimensions (H, W) to the other of the transverse dimensions (H, W) in the range from 1:0.85 to 1:0.25. 7. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the coverage of the internal passage of the tube (21C) is in the range from 0% to 85%. 8. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the mouthpiece assembly is a replaceable, integrated module of the mouthpiece assembly. 9. An inhaler according to claim 4, characterized in that the mouthpiece assembly comprises a replaceable module of the air intake passages and a replaceable tube module. 10. A method for adjusting a single-dose dry powder inhaler for administering a specific medication, comprising
providing a reference medication having a desired particle distribution of a medication, providing a medication to be administered by means of an inhaler, providing an inhaler according to claim 4, comprising a mouthpiece assembly having the desired geometries of the air intake passage (25) and the tube (21C) of the mouthpiece assembly, for which the self-resistance coefficient RD has a specific value, generating an aerosol of the medication by means of the inhaler and analyzing said aerosol to determine the particle size distribution of the medication, if the particles of the medication in an aerosol generated by the inhaler are bigger than those of the reference medication, another mouthpiece assembly is selected comprising air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21B and a mouthpiece tube 21C such that the self-resistance coefficient RD of the inhaler with another mouthpiece assembly is bigger than the self-resistance RD of the inhaler with the prior mouthpiece assembly, however, if the particles of the medication in an aerosol generated by the inhaler are smaller than those of the reference medication, another mouthpiece assembly is selected comprising air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21B and a mouthpiece tube 21C such that the self-resistance coefficient RD of the inhaler with another mouthpiece assembly is bigger than the self-resistance RD of the inhaler with the prior mouthpiece assembly, and again, an aerosol is generated by means of the inhaler with another mouthpiece assembly and the generated aerosol is analyzed to determine the particle size distribution of the medication, the above stages being repeated until the particle distribution of the medication in an aerosol generated by the inhaler with the mouthpiece assembly having a selected geometry of the air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21 B and the mouthpiece tube 21C corresponds with the particle distribution of the reference medication within the range of ±15% of the desired value of particle size distribution, and the inhaler with such a mouthpiece assembly is deemed to be the inhaler dedicated for the medication, unless the inhaler with the first selected mouthpiece assembly meets the above condition. 11. A method for adjusting an inhaler according to claim 10, characterized in that a change in the geometry of the air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21B and/or of the mouthpiece tube 21C is effected by replacing the integrated mouthpiece assembly. 12. A method for adjusting an inhaler according to claim 11, characterized in that a change in the geometry of the air intake passages 25 of the mouthpiece base 21B and/or of the mouthpiece tube 21C is effected by replacing at least one of the air intake passage module and the tube module. | 1,600 |
345,292 | 16,643,210 | 3,667 | A method and equipment determine braking-relevant actual values for a train composed of a plurality of wagons, in particular a rail vehicle, for the performance of controlled-retardation braking of the train, in which at least the longitudinal retardation is taken into account as an actual value, from which, using a retardation controller, in accordance with a predefined target value of a desired break retardation, an actuating value compensating for the control deviation is determined for an actuator of the brake, in that the longitudinal retardation is measured by a plurality of retardation sensors positioned along the train in at least two different wagons to determine the respective local longitudinal retardation, the longitudinal retardation based on the entire train then being calculated as an actual value by a central measured value detection unit. | 1. A method for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of cars for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, the method comprising:
measuring longitudinal deceleration (aL) by a plurality of deceleration sensors positioned along the train assembly in at least two different cars; determining respectively local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-d); calculating the longitudinal deceleration (aL) that relates to the entire train assembly as an actual value by a central measured value detection unit; and determining, by a deceleration controller, a manipulated value which compensates for a control deviation for an actuator of the brake, wherein the determination takes into account at least the longitudinal deceleration (aL) as an actual value from which the manipulated value is determined in accordance with a prespecified setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating the longitudinal deceleration (aL) which relates to the entire train assembly from the local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-e) by calculating a mean value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a longitudinal tilt (αL) which is determined by measurement or derived by calculation and/or the speed (vZ) of the rail vehicle are/is also taken into account when calculating the braking-related actual value for the deceleration-controlled braking. 4. A device for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of cars for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly while taking into account at least longitudinal deceleration (aL) as an actual value, the device comprising:
a deceleration controller which outputs a manipulated value which compensates for the control deviation for an actuator of the brake based on longitudinal deceleration (aL) in accordance with a prespecified setpoint value (aS) of a desired braking deceleration; a plurality of deceleration sensors, which are positioned along the train assembly in at least two different cars for measuring longitudinal deceleration (aL) to determine respectively local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-d); and a central measured value detection unit calculates the longitudinal deceleration (aL) which relates to the entire train assembly as an actual value. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein at least one deceleration sensor of the plurality of deceleration sensors is arranged the in each car of the train assembly. 6. The device of claim 4, wherein at least one deceleration sensor of the plurality of deceleration sensors is arranged the in the first car (1 a) and in the last car (1 d) of the train assembly. 7. The device of claim 4, wherein the plurality of deceleration sensors are connected to the central measured value detection unit via a data bus line which is looped through all cars of the train assembly. 8. A train assembly including a plurality of cars and having a device for determining braking-related actual values of the train assembly for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly while taking into account at least longitudinal deceleration (aL) as an actual value, the device comprising:
a deceleration controller which outputs a manipulated value which compensates for the control deviation for an actuator of the brake based on longitudinal deceleration (aL) in accordance with a prespecified setpoint value (aS) of a desired braking deceleration; a plurality of deceleration sensors, which are positioned along the train assembly in at least two different cars for measuring longitudinal deceleration (aL) to determine respectively local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-d); and a central measured value detection unit calculates the longitudinal deceleration (aL) which relates to the entire train assembly as an actual value, wherein the measured value detection unit and the deceleration controller are integrated in a controller unit arranged in the frontmost train part (2). 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium including computer program code for carrying out a method for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of cars for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly a when the computer program code runs on an electronic device, the method comprising:
measuring longitudinal deceleration by a plurality of deceleration sensors positioned along the train assembly in at least two different cars; determining respectively local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-d); calculating the longitudinal deceleration (aL) that relates to the entire train assembly as an actual value by a central measured value detection unit; and determining, by a deceleration controller, a manipulated value which compensates for a control deviation for an actuator of the brake, wherein the determination takes into account at least the longitudinal deceleration (aL) as an actual value from which the manipulated value is determined in accordance with a prespecified setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration. 10. (canceled) | A method and equipment determine braking-relevant actual values for a train composed of a plurality of wagons, in particular a rail vehicle, for the performance of controlled-retardation braking of the train, in which at least the longitudinal retardation is taken into account as an actual value, from which, using a retardation controller, in accordance with a predefined target value of a desired break retardation, an actuating value compensating for the control deviation is determined for an actuator of the brake, in that the longitudinal retardation is measured by a plurality of retardation sensors positioned along the train in at least two different wagons to determine the respective local longitudinal retardation, the longitudinal retardation based on the entire train then being calculated as an actual value by a central measured value detection unit.1. A method for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of cars for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly, the method comprising:
measuring longitudinal deceleration (aL) by a plurality of deceleration sensors positioned along the train assembly in at least two different cars; determining respectively local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-d); calculating the longitudinal deceleration (aL) that relates to the entire train assembly as an actual value by a central measured value detection unit; and determining, by a deceleration controller, a manipulated value which compensates for a control deviation for an actuator of the brake, wherein the determination takes into account at least the longitudinal deceleration (aL) as an actual value from which the manipulated value is determined in accordance with a prespecified setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating the longitudinal deceleration (aL) which relates to the entire train assembly from the local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-e) by calculating a mean value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a longitudinal tilt (αL) which is determined by measurement or derived by calculation and/or the speed (vZ) of the rail vehicle are/is also taken into account when calculating the braking-related actual value for the deceleration-controlled braking. 4. A device for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of cars for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly while taking into account at least longitudinal deceleration (aL) as an actual value, the device comprising:
a deceleration controller which outputs a manipulated value which compensates for the control deviation for an actuator of the brake based on longitudinal deceleration (aL) in accordance with a prespecified setpoint value (aS) of a desired braking deceleration; a plurality of deceleration sensors, which are positioned along the train assembly in at least two different cars for measuring longitudinal deceleration (aL) to determine respectively local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-d); and a central measured value detection unit calculates the longitudinal deceleration (aL) which relates to the entire train assembly as an actual value. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein at least one deceleration sensor of the plurality of deceleration sensors is arranged the in each car of the train assembly. 6. The device of claim 4, wherein at least one deceleration sensor of the plurality of deceleration sensors is arranged the in the first car (1 a) and in the last car (1 d) of the train assembly. 7. The device of claim 4, wherein the plurality of deceleration sensors are connected to the central measured value detection unit via a data bus line which is looped through all cars of the train assembly. 8. A train assembly including a plurality of cars and having a device for determining braking-related actual values of the train assembly for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly while taking into account at least longitudinal deceleration (aL) as an actual value, the device comprising:
a deceleration controller which outputs a manipulated value which compensates for the control deviation for an actuator of the brake based on longitudinal deceleration (aL) in accordance with a prespecified setpoint value (aS) of a desired braking deceleration; a plurality of deceleration sensors, which are positioned along the train assembly in at least two different cars for measuring longitudinal deceleration (aL) to determine respectively local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-d); and a central measured value detection unit calculates the longitudinal deceleration (aL) which relates to the entire train assembly as an actual value, wherein the measured value detection unit and the deceleration controller are integrated in a controller unit arranged in the frontmost train part (2). 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium including computer program code for carrying out a method for determining braking-related actual values of a train assembly including a plurality of cars for carrying out deceleration-controlled braking of the train assembly a when the computer program code runs on an electronic device, the method comprising:
measuring longitudinal deceleration by a plurality of deceleration sensors positioned along the train assembly in at least two different cars; determining respectively local longitudinal deceleration (aLa-d); calculating the longitudinal deceleration (aL) that relates to the entire train assembly as an actual value by a central measured value detection unit; and determining, by a deceleration controller, a manipulated value which compensates for a control deviation for an actuator of the brake, wherein the determination takes into account at least the longitudinal deceleration (aL) as an actual value from which the manipulated value is determined in accordance with a prespecified setpoint value of a desired braking deceleration. 10. (canceled) | 3,600 |
345,293 | 16,643,184 | 3,667 | The present invention relates to: A schizophrenia animal model wherein the model is a mouse in which an anoctamin 1 (ANO1) gene is knocked out in cholinergic neurons of a medial habenula; and a preparation method therefor and the like. The schizophrenia animal model according to the present invention targets the medial habenula which is brain tissue playing a major role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and it has been confirmed that when the ANO1 gene is specifically knocked out in the cholinergic neurons of the medial habenula, positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are observed, thereby confirming that schizophrenia has been induced. Therefore, the animal model of the present invention is expected to be effectively useful in schizophrenia pathogenesis research and therapeutic agent development and screening. | 1. A schizophrenia animal model wherein the model is a mouse in which an anoctamin 1 (ANO1) gene is knocked out in cholinergic neurons of a medial habenula. 2. A method of preparing a schizophrenia animal model, comprising:
obtaining second generation mice by crossing a choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-Cre mouse and an ANO1 floxed mouse; and selecting a mouse in which the ANO1 gene is not expressed in cholinergic neurons of a medial habenula from the second generation mice. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ChAT-Cre mouse is a mouse in which Cre recombinase is expressed under the control of a promoter of ChAT. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the ANO1 floxed mouse is a mouse in which loxP base sequences are inserted at both sides of exon8 of ANO1. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the selection of a mouse in which the ANO1 gene is not expressed in cholinergic neurons of the medial habenula is performed by immunohistochemistry. 6. A method of screening a schizophrenia therapeutic agent, comprising:
treating the schizophrenia animal model of claim 1 with a test material; measuring schizophrenic symptoms after the treatment of the test material; and selecting a test material which significantly decreases the schizophrenic symptoms, as compared with an untreated group. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the test material is a candidate for a schizophrenia therapeutic agent. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the schizophrenic symptoms are measured using a 3-chamber test (3CT), a nestlet shredding test, a passive avoidance test, a cocaine sensitization test or a prepulse inhibition test. | The present invention relates to: A schizophrenia animal model wherein the model is a mouse in which an anoctamin 1 (ANO1) gene is knocked out in cholinergic neurons of a medial habenula; and a preparation method therefor and the like. The schizophrenia animal model according to the present invention targets the medial habenula which is brain tissue playing a major role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and it has been confirmed that when the ANO1 gene is specifically knocked out in the cholinergic neurons of the medial habenula, positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are observed, thereby confirming that schizophrenia has been induced. Therefore, the animal model of the present invention is expected to be effectively useful in schizophrenia pathogenesis research and therapeutic agent development and screening.1. A schizophrenia animal model wherein the model is a mouse in which an anoctamin 1 (ANO1) gene is knocked out in cholinergic neurons of a medial habenula. 2. A method of preparing a schizophrenia animal model, comprising:
obtaining second generation mice by crossing a choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-Cre mouse and an ANO1 floxed mouse; and selecting a mouse in which the ANO1 gene is not expressed in cholinergic neurons of a medial habenula from the second generation mice. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ChAT-Cre mouse is a mouse in which Cre recombinase is expressed under the control of a promoter of ChAT. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the ANO1 floxed mouse is a mouse in which loxP base sequences are inserted at both sides of exon8 of ANO1. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the selection of a mouse in which the ANO1 gene is not expressed in cholinergic neurons of the medial habenula is performed by immunohistochemistry. 6. A method of screening a schizophrenia therapeutic agent, comprising:
treating the schizophrenia animal model of claim 1 with a test material; measuring schizophrenic symptoms after the treatment of the test material; and selecting a test material which significantly decreases the schizophrenic symptoms, as compared with an untreated group. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the test material is a candidate for a schizophrenia therapeutic agent. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the schizophrenic symptoms are measured using a 3-chamber test (3CT), a nestlet shredding test, a passive avoidance test, a cocaine sensitization test or a prepulse inhibition test. | 3,600 |
345,294 | 16,643,187 | 3,667 | A controller includes a storage device that stores a load overflow reference value defined by a mutual relation between a load value of a work target object, a posture of a work implement, and a movement state of the work implement. The controller calculates the posture of the work implement, and calculates a physical quantity (for example, a swing speed) indicating the movement state of the work implement. The controller estimates whether or not the work implement has caused a load overflow during the transportation of the work target object on the basis of the reference value stored in the storage device, the calculated load value of the work target object, the calculated posture of the work implement, and the calculated physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement. When the controller determines that the load overflow has occurred, the controller makes a notification to that effect on a monitor. | 1. A work machine comprising:
a multijoint type work implement having a bucket; an actuator configured to drive the work implement; an operation device configured to generate a speed command for the actuator according to an operation amount; and a controller configured to calculate a load value of a work target object on a basis of thrust information of the actuator while the work implement is transporting the work target object to a position above a transporting machine, the controller
including a storage device configured to store a reference value for estimating whether or not a load overflow of the work target object from the bucket has occurred, the reference value being defined by a mutual relation between the load value of the work target object, a posture of the work implement, and a movement state of the work implement,
calculating the posture of the work implement,
calculating a physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement,
estimating whether or not the work implement has caused the load overflow during transportation of the work target object on a basis of the reference value stored in the storage device, the load value of the work target object, the posture of the work implement, and the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement, and
further including a notifying device configured to make a notification of determination of occurrence of the load overflow by the controller. 2. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the storage device further stores a reference value for determining which of the posture and the movement state of the work implement is a factor in the load overflow, when the controller determines that the work implement has caused the load overflow during the transportation of the work target object, the controller estimates the factor in the load overflow on a basis of the reference value stored in the storage device, the posture of the work implement, and the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement, and the notifying device further makes a notification of the factor in the load overflow, the factor being estimated by the controller. 3. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller further calculates a margin degree of the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement with respect to the reference value stored in the storage device, and when the margin degree exceeds a threshold value, the notifying device further notifies that the load overflow does not occur even when the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement is increased. 4. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller counts the number of times that a load overflow estimating section estimates that the work implement has caused the load overflow during the transportation of the work target object, and the notifying device further makes a notification prompting for changing of the reference value stored in the storage device when the number of times exceeds a predetermined value. 5. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller calculates an angle of the bucket with respect to a horizontal plane as the posture of the work implement, the controller calculates a moving speed of the work implement as the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement, the reference value stored in the storage device is defined as a predetermined region on a coordinate system having the angle of the bucket with respect to the horizontal plane as a first axis, and having the moving speed of the work implement as a second axis, and the region is a plurality of regions plurally defined for respective load values of the work target object, the controller selects one region from the plurality of regions stored in the storage device on a basis of the load value of the work target object, and the controller determines that the work implement has caused the load overflow during the transportation of the work target object when the angle of the bucket with respect to the horizontal plane and the moving speed of the work implement are included in an outside of the selected region. 6. The work machine according to claim 5, wherein
the posture of the work implement includes a horizontal direction distance from the work machine to a front end portion of the work implement, and an area of the region is defined so as to increase according to a decrease in the horizontal direction distance. 7. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller calculates a position of the bucket as the posture of the work implement, the controller calculates a vertical direction acceleration and a horizontal direction acceleration of the bucket as the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement on a basis of the position of the bucket, the reference value stored in the storage device is defined as a predetermined region on a coordinate system having the vertical direction acceleration of the bucket as a first axis, and having the horizontal direction acceleration of the bucket as a second axis, and the region is a plurality of regions plurally defined for respective load values of the work target object, the controller selects one region from the plurality of regions stored in the storage device on a basis of the load value of the work target object, and the controller determines that the work implement has caused the load overflow during the transportation of the work target object when the vertical direction acceleration and the horizontal direction acceleration of the bucket are included in an outside of the selected region. | A controller includes a storage device that stores a load overflow reference value defined by a mutual relation between a load value of a work target object, a posture of a work implement, and a movement state of the work implement. The controller calculates the posture of the work implement, and calculates a physical quantity (for example, a swing speed) indicating the movement state of the work implement. The controller estimates whether or not the work implement has caused a load overflow during the transportation of the work target object on the basis of the reference value stored in the storage device, the calculated load value of the work target object, the calculated posture of the work implement, and the calculated physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement. When the controller determines that the load overflow has occurred, the controller makes a notification to that effect on a monitor.1. A work machine comprising:
a multijoint type work implement having a bucket; an actuator configured to drive the work implement; an operation device configured to generate a speed command for the actuator according to an operation amount; and a controller configured to calculate a load value of a work target object on a basis of thrust information of the actuator while the work implement is transporting the work target object to a position above a transporting machine, the controller
including a storage device configured to store a reference value for estimating whether or not a load overflow of the work target object from the bucket has occurred, the reference value being defined by a mutual relation between the load value of the work target object, a posture of the work implement, and a movement state of the work implement,
calculating the posture of the work implement,
calculating a physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement,
estimating whether or not the work implement has caused the load overflow during transportation of the work target object on a basis of the reference value stored in the storage device, the load value of the work target object, the posture of the work implement, and the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement, and
further including a notifying device configured to make a notification of determination of occurrence of the load overflow by the controller. 2. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the storage device further stores a reference value for determining which of the posture and the movement state of the work implement is a factor in the load overflow, when the controller determines that the work implement has caused the load overflow during the transportation of the work target object, the controller estimates the factor in the load overflow on a basis of the reference value stored in the storage device, the posture of the work implement, and the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement, and the notifying device further makes a notification of the factor in the load overflow, the factor being estimated by the controller. 3. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller further calculates a margin degree of the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement with respect to the reference value stored in the storage device, and when the margin degree exceeds a threshold value, the notifying device further notifies that the load overflow does not occur even when the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement is increased. 4. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller counts the number of times that a load overflow estimating section estimates that the work implement has caused the load overflow during the transportation of the work target object, and the notifying device further makes a notification prompting for changing of the reference value stored in the storage device when the number of times exceeds a predetermined value. 5. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller calculates an angle of the bucket with respect to a horizontal plane as the posture of the work implement, the controller calculates a moving speed of the work implement as the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement, the reference value stored in the storage device is defined as a predetermined region on a coordinate system having the angle of the bucket with respect to the horizontal plane as a first axis, and having the moving speed of the work implement as a second axis, and the region is a plurality of regions plurally defined for respective load values of the work target object, the controller selects one region from the plurality of regions stored in the storage device on a basis of the load value of the work target object, and the controller determines that the work implement has caused the load overflow during the transportation of the work target object when the angle of the bucket with respect to the horizontal plane and the moving speed of the work implement are included in an outside of the selected region. 6. The work machine according to claim 5, wherein
the posture of the work implement includes a horizontal direction distance from the work machine to a front end portion of the work implement, and an area of the region is defined so as to increase according to a decrease in the horizontal direction distance. 7. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein
the controller calculates a position of the bucket as the posture of the work implement, the controller calculates a vertical direction acceleration and a horizontal direction acceleration of the bucket as the physical quantity indicating the movement state of the work implement on a basis of the position of the bucket, the reference value stored in the storage device is defined as a predetermined region on a coordinate system having the vertical direction acceleration of the bucket as a first axis, and having the horizontal direction acceleration of the bucket as a second axis, and the region is a plurality of regions plurally defined for respective load values of the work target object, the controller selects one region from the plurality of regions stored in the storage device on a basis of the load value of the work target object, and the controller determines that the work implement has caused the load overflow during the transportation of the work target object when the vertical direction acceleration and the horizontal direction acceleration of the bucket are included in an outside of the selected region. | 3,600 |
345,295 | 16,643,204 | 3,667 | Image processing method and device for a spliced panel and a spliced panel are provided. The image processing method includes calculating a horizontal stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to a resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of horizontal spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a horizontal pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; calculating a vertical stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of vertical spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a vertical pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; stretching an original image to be displayed by the spliced panel according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient to acquire a target image; and controlling display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image. | 1. An image processing method for a spliced panel, wherein the spliced panel comprises a plurality of display units arranged in an array, each of the plurality of display units comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and the image processing method comprises:
calculating a horizontal stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to a resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of horizontal spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a horizontal pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; calculating a vertical stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of vertical spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a vertical pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; stretching an original image to be displayed by the spliced panel according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient to acquire a target image; and controlling display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image. 2. The image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the sum of the horizontal spliced-gap widths and the sum of the vertical spliced-gap widths are acquired by:
acquiring the horizontal spliced-gap widths between every adjacent two of the display units in a same row and the vertical spliced-gap widths between every adjacent two of the display units in a same column; calculating the sum of the horizontal spliced-gap widths according to the horizontal spliced-gap widths; and calculating the sum of the vertical spliced-gap widths according to the vertical spliced-gap widths. 3. The image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of display units of the spliced panel have a same resolution;
the horizontal pixel pitch is acquired by acquiring a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same row, of any one of the plurality of display units; and the vertical pixel pitch is acquired by acquiring a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same column, of any one of the plurality of display units. 4. The image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the controlling display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image comprises:
calculating position information of vertex pixel units of each display unit according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, the horizontal pixel pitch, the vertical pixel pitch, the horizontal spliced-gap widths and the vertical spliced-gap widths; extracting a sub-target image corresponding to each display unit from the target image according to the position information of the vertex pixel units of the display unit; and controlling the plurality of display units to display according to the sub-target images to be displayed by the plurality of display units. 5. The image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the controlling display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image comprises:
calculating a number of pixel units that are suitable for being arranged in each of a horizontal spliced gap and a vertical spliced gap according to the horizontal pixel pitch, the vertical pixel pitch, the horizontal spliced-gap widths and the vertical spliced-gap widths; acquiring a target resolution of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units and the calculated number of pixel units that are suitable for being arranged in each of a horizontal spliced gap and a vertical spliced gap; establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system by taking a row direction of the display unit as an X axis and a column direction of the display units as a Y axis, wherein position information of each of the pixel units of each of the display units and position information of each of the pixel units that are suitable for being arranged in each of a horizontal spliced gap and a vertical spliced gap are both represented by a coordinate point (X, Y); extracting a sub-target image corresponding to a region defined in the target image by four coordinate points of the pixel units at four vertexes of each of the plurality of display units, according to the four coordinate points; and controlling the plurality of display units to display according to the sub-target images to be displayed by the plurality of display units. 6. The image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of display units of the spliced panel have a same resolution;
the calculating a horizontal stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to a resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of horizontal spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a horizontal pixel pitch of the plurality of display units is performed by using a formula of (Px+(Ht/M)/A)/Px; and the calculating a vertical stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of vertical spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a vertical pixel pitch of the plurality of display units is performed by using a formula of (Py+(Vt/N)/B)/Py; where Px is a number of the pixel units in a same row of each display unit, Py is a number of the pixel units in a same column of each display unit, Ht is the sum of the horizontal spliced-gap widths, Vt is the sum of the vertical spliced-gap widths, A is the horizontal pixel pitch, B is the vertical pixel pitch, and M and N are a number of columns and a number of rows of the array of the plurality of display units included in the spliced panel, respectively. 7. The image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the stretching an original image to be displayed by the spliced panel according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient to acquire a target image comprises:
stretching the original image to be displayed by the spliced panel through an interpolation algorithm according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient to acquire the target image. 8. The image processing method according to claim 3, wherein the acquiring a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same row, of any one of the plurality of display units comprises: acquiring the pitch by a ranging unit; and
the acquiring a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same column, of any one of the plurality of display units comprises: acquiring the pitch by a ranging unit. 9. An image processing device for a spliced panel, wherein the spliced panel comprises a plurality of display units arranged in an array, each of the plurality of display units comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and the image processing device comprises:
a central processing unit configured to calculate a horizontal stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to a resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of horizontal spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a horizontal pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; and calculate a vertical stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of vertical spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a vertical pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; an image stretching unit configured to stretch an original image to be displayed by the spliced panel according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient, to acquire a target image; and a controller configured to control display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image. 10. The image processing device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a first ranging unit configured to acquire the horizontal spliced-gap widths between every adjacent two of the display units in a same row; a second ranging unit configured to acquire the vertical spliced-gap widths between every adjacent two of the display units in a same column; and a first calculating unit configured to calculate the sum of the horizontal spliced-gap widths according to the horizontal spliced-gap widths, and calculate the sum of the vertical spliced-gap widths according to the vertical spliced-gap widths. 11. The image processing device according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of display units of the spliced panel have a same resolution;
the central processing unit is further configured to acquire a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same row, of any one of the plurality of display units, as the horizontal pixel pitch; and the central processing unit is further configured to acquire a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same column, of any one of the plurality of display units, as the vertical pixel pitch. 12. The image processing device according to claim 9, wherein the controller comprises:
an analyzer configured to calculate position information of vertex pixel units of each of the display units according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, the horizontal pixel pitch, the vertical pixel pitch, the horizontal spliced-gap widths and the vertical spliced-gap widths; an extractor configured to extract a sub-target image corresponding to each of the display units from the target image, according to the position information of the vertex pixel units of the display unit; and a control unit configured to control the plurality of display units to display, according to the sub-target images to be displayed by the plurality of display units. 13. The image processing device according to claim 10, wherein each of the first ranging unit and the second ranging unit comprises an infrared ranging sensor or an infrared rangefinder. 14. The image processing device according to claim 10, wherein each of the first ranging unit and the second ranging unit comprises an infrared emitter and an infrared receiver, the infrared emitter and the infrared receiver of the first ranging unit are on two opposite sides of each of the display units in a row direction, respectively, and the infrared emitter and the infrared receiver of the second ranging unit are on two opposite sides of each of the display units in a column direction, respectively. 15. The image processing device according to claim 10, wherein the first calculating unit is integrated in the central processing unit. 16. The image processing device according to claim 9, wherein the image stretching unit comprises an FPGA. 17. The image processing device according to claim 9, wherein the controller comprises at least one of a general purpose processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a microprocessor. 18. A spliced panel, comprising the image processing device according to claim 9. 19. The spliced panel according to claim 18, further comprising the plurality of display units arranged in the array, wherein the plurality of display units are connected to the image stretching unit, respectively, and the image stretching unit is connected to the controller. 20. The spliced panel according to claim 18, further comprising a memory for storing computer program instructions and data related to image processing, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by the central processing unit, implement the first calculating unit and/or an acquisition unit. | Image processing method and device for a spliced panel and a spliced panel are provided. The image processing method includes calculating a horizontal stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to a resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of horizontal spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a horizontal pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; calculating a vertical stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of vertical spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a vertical pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; stretching an original image to be displayed by the spliced panel according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient to acquire a target image; and controlling display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image.1. An image processing method for a spliced panel, wherein the spliced panel comprises a plurality of display units arranged in an array, each of the plurality of display units comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and the image processing method comprises:
calculating a horizontal stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to a resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of horizontal spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a horizontal pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; calculating a vertical stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of vertical spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a vertical pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; stretching an original image to be displayed by the spliced panel according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient to acquire a target image; and controlling display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image. 2. The image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the sum of the horizontal spliced-gap widths and the sum of the vertical spliced-gap widths are acquired by:
acquiring the horizontal spliced-gap widths between every adjacent two of the display units in a same row and the vertical spliced-gap widths between every adjacent two of the display units in a same column; calculating the sum of the horizontal spliced-gap widths according to the horizontal spliced-gap widths; and calculating the sum of the vertical spliced-gap widths according to the vertical spliced-gap widths. 3. The image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of display units of the spliced panel have a same resolution;
the horizontal pixel pitch is acquired by acquiring a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same row, of any one of the plurality of display units; and the vertical pixel pitch is acquired by acquiring a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same column, of any one of the plurality of display units. 4. The image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the controlling display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image comprises:
calculating position information of vertex pixel units of each display unit according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, the horizontal pixel pitch, the vertical pixel pitch, the horizontal spliced-gap widths and the vertical spliced-gap widths; extracting a sub-target image corresponding to each display unit from the target image according to the position information of the vertex pixel units of the display unit; and controlling the plurality of display units to display according to the sub-target images to be displayed by the plurality of display units. 5. The image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the controlling display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image comprises:
calculating a number of pixel units that are suitable for being arranged in each of a horizontal spliced gap and a vertical spliced gap according to the horizontal pixel pitch, the vertical pixel pitch, the horizontal spliced-gap widths and the vertical spliced-gap widths; acquiring a target resolution of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units and the calculated number of pixel units that are suitable for being arranged in each of a horizontal spliced gap and a vertical spliced gap; establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system by taking a row direction of the display unit as an X axis and a column direction of the display units as a Y axis, wherein position information of each of the pixel units of each of the display units and position information of each of the pixel units that are suitable for being arranged in each of a horizontal spliced gap and a vertical spliced gap are both represented by a coordinate point (X, Y); extracting a sub-target image corresponding to a region defined in the target image by four coordinate points of the pixel units at four vertexes of each of the plurality of display units, according to the four coordinate points; and controlling the plurality of display units to display according to the sub-target images to be displayed by the plurality of display units. 6. The image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of display units of the spliced panel have a same resolution;
the calculating a horizontal stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to a resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of horizontal spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a horizontal pixel pitch of the plurality of display units is performed by using a formula of (Px+(Ht/M)/A)/Px; and the calculating a vertical stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of vertical spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a vertical pixel pitch of the plurality of display units is performed by using a formula of (Py+(Vt/N)/B)/Py; where Px is a number of the pixel units in a same row of each display unit, Py is a number of the pixel units in a same column of each display unit, Ht is the sum of the horizontal spliced-gap widths, Vt is the sum of the vertical spliced-gap widths, A is the horizontal pixel pitch, B is the vertical pixel pitch, and M and N are a number of columns and a number of rows of the array of the plurality of display units included in the spliced panel, respectively. 7. The image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the stretching an original image to be displayed by the spliced panel according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient to acquire a target image comprises:
stretching the original image to be displayed by the spliced panel through an interpolation algorithm according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient to acquire the target image. 8. The image processing method according to claim 3, wherein the acquiring a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same row, of any one of the plurality of display units comprises: acquiring the pitch by a ranging unit; and
the acquiring a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same column, of any one of the plurality of display units comprises: acquiring the pitch by a ranging unit. 9. An image processing device for a spliced panel, wherein the spliced panel comprises a plurality of display units arranged in an array, each of the plurality of display units comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and the image processing device comprises:
a central processing unit configured to calculate a horizontal stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to a resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of horizontal spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a horizontal pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; and calculate a vertical stretch coefficient of the spliced panel according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, a sum of vertical spliced-gap widths of the spliced panel and a vertical pixel pitch of the plurality of display units; an image stretching unit configured to stretch an original image to be displayed by the spliced panel according to the horizontal stretch coefficient and the vertical stretch coefficient, to acquire a target image; and a controller configured to control display of the plurality of display units of the spliced panel according to the target image. 10. The image processing device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a first ranging unit configured to acquire the horizontal spliced-gap widths between every adjacent two of the display units in a same row; a second ranging unit configured to acquire the vertical spliced-gap widths between every adjacent two of the display units in a same column; and a first calculating unit configured to calculate the sum of the horizontal spliced-gap widths according to the horizontal spliced-gap widths, and calculate the sum of the vertical spliced-gap widths according to the vertical spliced-gap widths. 11. The image processing device according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of display units of the spliced panel have a same resolution;
the central processing unit is further configured to acquire a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same row, of any one of the plurality of display units, as the horizontal pixel pitch; and the central processing unit is further configured to acquire a pitch between any adjacent two of the pixel units, which are in a same column, of any one of the plurality of display units, as the vertical pixel pitch. 12. The image processing device according to claim 9, wherein the controller comprises:
an analyzer configured to calculate position information of vertex pixel units of each of the display units according to the resolution of the plurality of display units, the horizontal pixel pitch, the vertical pixel pitch, the horizontal spliced-gap widths and the vertical spliced-gap widths; an extractor configured to extract a sub-target image corresponding to each of the display units from the target image, according to the position information of the vertex pixel units of the display unit; and a control unit configured to control the plurality of display units to display, according to the sub-target images to be displayed by the plurality of display units. 13. The image processing device according to claim 10, wherein each of the first ranging unit and the second ranging unit comprises an infrared ranging sensor or an infrared rangefinder. 14. The image processing device according to claim 10, wherein each of the first ranging unit and the second ranging unit comprises an infrared emitter and an infrared receiver, the infrared emitter and the infrared receiver of the first ranging unit are on two opposite sides of each of the display units in a row direction, respectively, and the infrared emitter and the infrared receiver of the second ranging unit are on two opposite sides of each of the display units in a column direction, respectively. 15. The image processing device according to claim 10, wherein the first calculating unit is integrated in the central processing unit. 16. The image processing device according to claim 9, wherein the image stretching unit comprises an FPGA. 17. The image processing device according to claim 9, wherein the controller comprises at least one of a general purpose processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a microprocessor. 18. A spliced panel, comprising the image processing device according to claim 9. 19. The spliced panel according to claim 18, further comprising the plurality of display units arranged in the array, wherein the plurality of display units are connected to the image stretching unit, respectively, and the image stretching unit is connected to the controller. 20. The spliced panel according to claim 18, further comprising a memory for storing computer program instructions and data related to image processing, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by the central processing unit, implement the first calculating unit and/or an acquisition unit. | 3,600 |
345,296 | 16,643,179 | 3,667 | The invention provides a high-grip tire rubber composition excellent in steering stability, rolling resistance performance and abrasion resistance, and a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a pneumatic tire which each partially include the composition. The high-grip tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), the solid rubber (A) including not less than 60 mass % of a styrene butadiene rubber with 20 mass % or more styrene content, 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 150 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) and (ii): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 15,000 to 120,000, and (ii) the vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %. | 1. A high-grip tire rubber, composition comprising:
100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), the solid rubber (A) comprising not less than 60 mass % of a styrene butadiene rubber with 20 mass % or more styrene content, 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound, and 20 to 150 parts by mass of a filler (C), wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfies the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) a weight average molecular weight is 15,000 to 120,000, and (ii) a vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %, and the silane compound is a compound of formula (1): 2. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 1 to 4,000 Pa·s. 3. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica and a carbon black. 5. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the high-grip tire rubber composition comprises 5 to 80 parts by mass of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) and 20 to 150 parts by mass of the silica per 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). 6. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 4, wherein the high-grip tire rubber composition comprises 5 to 80 parts by mass of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) and 25 to 120 parts by mass of the carbon black per 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). 7. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 8. A tire tread, comprising:
the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 9. A bead filler, comprising:
the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 10. A tire belt, comprising:
the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 11. A pneumatic tire, comprising:
the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. | The invention provides a high-grip tire rubber composition excellent in steering stability, rolling resistance performance and abrasion resistance, and a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a pneumatic tire which each partially include the composition. The high-grip tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), the solid rubber (A) including not less than 60 mass % of a styrene butadiene rubber with 20 mass % or more styrene content, 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 150 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) and (ii): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 15,000 to 120,000, and (ii) the vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %.1. A high-grip tire rubber, composition comprising:
100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A), the solid rubber (A) comprising not less than 60 mass % of a styrene butadiene rubber with 20 mass % or more styrene content, 0.1 to 90 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound, and 20 to 150 parts by mass of a filler (C), wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfies the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) a weight average molecular weight is 15,000 to 120,000, and (ii) a vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %, and the silane compound is a compound of formula (1): 2. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 1 to 4,000 Pa·s. 3. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 1,
wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica and a carbon black. 5. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 4,
wherein the high-grip tire rubber composition comprises 5 to 80 parts by mass of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) and 20 to 150 parts by mass of the silica per 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). 6. The high-grip tire rubber composition according to claim 4, wherein the high-grip tire rubber composition comprises 5 to 80 parts by mass of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) and 25 to 120 parts by mass of the carbon black per 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). 7. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 8. A tire tread, comprising:
the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 9. A bead filler, comprising:
the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 10. A tire belt, comprising:
the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. 11. A pneumatic tire, comprising:
the high-grip tire rubber composition described in claim 1. | 3,600 |
345,297 | 16,643,181 | 3,667 | The invention provides a tire rubber composition capable of giving crosslinked products having excellent properties including mechanical strength such as abrasion resistance, a crosslinked product of the composition, and a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a pneumatic tire which each partially include the composition or the crosslinked product and which each exhibit satisfactory dry grip performance plus excellent wet grip performance and ice grip performance and can attain enhanced steering stability. The tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A) having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not more than −10° C., 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) to (iv): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not less than 1,000 and less than 15,000, (ii) the vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %, (iii) the average number of the functional groups per molecule of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 1 to 20, and (iv) the glass transition temperature (Tg) is not more than 0° C. | 1. A tire rubber composition, comprising:
(a) 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A) having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not more than −10° C.; (b) 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound represented by the following formula (1) 2. The tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 0.1 to 2,000 Pa·s. 3. The tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from a carbon black and a silica. 5. The tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm and a silica having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 nm. 6. The tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the filler (C) is silica, and the tire rubber composition further comprises 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent per 100 parts by mass of the silica. 7. The tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is one or more selected from a natural rubber, a styrene butadiene rubber, a butadiene rubber and an isoprene rubber. 8. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition of claim 1. 9. A tire tread, comprising the tire rubber composition of claim 1, or a crosslinked product obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition, as at least a portion of the tire tread. 10. A bead filler, comprising the tire rubber composition of claim 1, or a crosslinked product obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition, as at least a portion of the bead filler. 11. A tire belt, comprising the tire rubber composition of claim 1, or a crosslinked product obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition, as at least a portion of the tire belt. 12. A pneumatic tire, comprising the tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the pneumatic tire. 13. The pneumatic tire of claim 12, wherein the pneumatic tire is a winter tire or a studless tire. 14. The pneumatic tire of claim 12, wherein the pneumatic tire is an all-season tire. | The invention provides a tire rubber composition capable of giving crosslinked products having excellent properties including mechanical strength such as abrasion resistance, a crosslinked product of the composition, and a tire tread, a bead filler, a tire belt and a pneumatic tire which each partially include the composition or the crosslinked product and which each exhibit satisfactory dry grip performance plus excellent wet grip performance and ice grip performance and can attain enhanced steering stability. The tire rubber composition includes 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A) having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not more than −10° C., 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a functional group derived from a silane compound with a specific structure, and 20 to 200 parts by mass of a filler (C), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) satisfying the following (i) to (iv): (i) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not less than 1,000 and less than 15,000, (ii) the vinyl content is not more than 70 mol %, (iii) the average number of the functional groups per molecule of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 1 to 20, and (iv) the glass transition temperature (Tg) is not more than 0° C.1. A tire rubber composition, comprising:
(a) 100 parts by mass of a solid rubber (A) having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not more than −10° C.; (b) 0.1 to 50 parts by mass of a modified liquid diene rubber (B), the modified liquid diene rubber (B) comprising a functional group derived from a silane compound represented by the following formula (1) 2. The tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein a melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) at 38° C. is 0.1 to 2,000 Pa·s. 3. The tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is a polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from isoprene and/or butadiene. 4. The tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from a carbon black and a silica. 5. The tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the filler (C) is at least one selected from a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm and a silica having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 nm. 6. The tire rubber composition of claim 4, wherein the filler (C) is silica, and the tire rubber composition further comprises 0.1 to 30 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent per 100 parts by mass of the silica. 7. The tire rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the solid rubber (A) is one or more selected from a natural rubber, a styrene butadiene rubber, a butadiene rubber and an isoprene rubber. 8. A crosslinked product, obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition of claim 1. 9. A tire tread, comprising the tire rubber composition of claim 1, or a crosslinked product obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition, as at least a portion of the tire tread. 10. A bead filler, comprising the tire rubber composition of claim 1, or a crosslinked product obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition, as at least a portion of the bead filler. 11. A tire belt, comprising the tire rubber composition of claim 1, or a crosslinked product obtained by crosslinking the tire rubber composition, as at least a portion of the tire belt. 12. A pneumatic tire, comprising the tire rubber composition of claim 1 as at least a portion of the pneumatic tire. 13. The pneumatic tire of claim 12, wherein the pneumatic tire is a winter tire or a studless tire. 14. The pneumatic tire of claim 12, wherein the pneumatic tire is an all-season tire. | 3,600 |
345,298 | 16,643,200 | 3,667 | The present invention relates to the provision of a method for producing a clear sugar beet pre-limitation juice and a coagulate removed from the pre-liming juice, and to a pre-liming juice and protein-containing fraction that are provided by means of said method. A decanter centrifuge having an angle between the longitudinal axis of the bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion of 6 to 10° is used. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A method for producing a clear sugar beet pre-liming juice and a protein-containing fraction from sugar beet raw juice, comprising the following method steps:
a) providing the sugar beet raw juice; b) pre-liming the sugar beet raw juice provided in method step a) to obtain a pre-liming juice, forming a coagulate of non-sucrose solids forming in the obtained pre-liming juice; c) setting a solids content of 15-25% by volume (based on the total volume of the pre-liming juice provided in method step b)) in the pre-liming juice; d) separating the coagulate from the pre-liming juice obtained in method step c) using at least one decanter centrifuge, comprising a motor-driven, rotating centrifugal bowl including a cylindrical portion and a conical portion, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axis of the centrifugal bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion is 6° to 10°, and an extruder screw mounted rotatably in the centrifugal bowl; and e) obtaining the clear sugar beet pre-liming juice and the removed coagulate in the form of a protein-containing fraction. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the solids content of the pre-liming juice is set in method step c) by means of at least one removing device. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein, in a method step f), the protein-containing fraction obtained in method step e) is thickened using at least one further decanter centrifuge. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein at least a portion of the clear sugar beet pre-liming juice obtained in method step e) is mixed in a further method step with pre-liming juice from method step b), a pre-liming juice mixed with clear sugar beet pre-liming juice is obtained, the solids content is set in method step c) and subsequently fed to a coagulate removal process in method step d). 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axis of the centrifugal bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion is 8° to 10°. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axis of the centrifugal bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion of the at least one decanter centrifuge is exactly 8°. 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the pre-liming juice used in method step d) has a solids content of 20% by volume. 21. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one decanter centrifuge used in method step d) and/or f) is operated at a torque of no more than 50% of the maximum permissible torque. 22. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one further decanter centrifuge used in method step f) is operated at a torque of no more than 50% of the maximum permissible torque. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one decanter centrifuge used in method step d) is operated at a torque of no more than 40% of the maximum permissible torque. 24. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one further decanter centrifuge used in method step f) is operated at a torque of no more than 40% of the maximum permissible torque. 25. The method according to claim 14, wherein, following method step b), a flocculation is carried out in a method step b1), adding at least one flocculation aid. 26. A decanter centrifuge, comprising a motor-driven, rotating centrifugal bowl including a cylindrical portion and a conical portion, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axis of the centrifugal bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion is 6° to 10°, and an extruder screw mounted rotatably in the centrifugal bowl, to obtain a clear sugar beet pre-liming juice and a protein-containing fraction. 27. A protein-containing fraction producible by a method according to claim 1. 28. A clear sugar beet pre-liming juice producible by a method according to claim 1. | The present invention relates to the provision of a method for producing a clear sugar beet pre-limitation juice and a coagulate removed from the pre-liming juice, and to a pre-liming juice and protein-containing fraction that are provided by means of said method. A decanter centrifuge having an angle between the longitudinal axis of the bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion of 6 to 10° is used.1-13. (canceled) 14. A method for producing a clear sugar beet pre-liming juice and a protein-containing fraction from sugar beet raw juice, comprising the following method steps:
a) providing the sugar beet raw juice; b) pre-liming the sugar beet raw juice provided in method step a) to obtain a pre-liming juice, forming a coagulate of non-sucrose solids forming in the obtained pre-liming juice; c) setting a solids content of 15-25% by volume (based on the total volume of the pre-liming juice provided in method step b)) in the pre-liming juice; d) separating the coagulate from the pre-liming juice obtained in method step c) using at least one decanter centrifuge, comprising a motor-driven, rotating centrifugal bowl including a cylindrical portion and a conical portion, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axis of the centrifugal bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion is 6° to 10°, and an extruder screw mounted rotatably in the centrifugal bowl; and e) obtaining the clear sugar beet pre-liming juice and the removed coagulate in the form of a protein-containing fraction. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the solids content of the pre-liming juice is set in method step c) by means of at least one removing device. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein, in a method step f), the protein-containing fraction obtained in method step e) is thickened using at least one further decanter centrifuge. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein at least a portion of the clear sugar beet pre-liming juice obtained in method step e) is mixed in a further method step with pre-liming juice from method step b), a pre-liming juice mixed with clear sugar beet pre-liming juice is obtained, the solids content is set in method step c) and subsequently fed to a coagulate removal process in method step d). 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axis of the centrifugal bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion is 8° to 10°. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axis of the centrifugal bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion of the at least one decanter centrifuge is exactly 8°. 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the pre-liming juice used in method step d) has a solids content of 20% by volume. 21. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one decanter centrifuge used in method step d) and/or f) is operated at a torque of no more than 50% of the maximum permissible torque. 22. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one further decanter centrifuge used in method step f) is operated at a torque of no more than 50% of the maximum permissible torque. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one decanter centrifuge used in method step d) is operated at a torque of no more than 40% of the maximum permissible torque. 24. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one further decanter centrifuge used in method step f) is operated at a torque of no more than 40% of the maximum permissible torque. 25. The method according to claim 14, wherein, following method step b), a flocculation is carried out in a method step b1), adding at least one flocculation aid. 26. A decanter centrifuge, comprising a motor-driven, rotating centrifugal bowl including a cylindrical portion and a conical portion, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axis of the centrifugal bowl and the generatrix of the conical portion is 6° to 10°, and an extruder screw mounted rotatably in the centrifugal bowl, to obtain a clear sugar beet pre-liming juice and a protein-containing fraction. 27. A protein-containing fraction producible by a method according to claim 1. 28. A clear sugar beet pre-liming juice producible by a method according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
345,299 | 16,643,199 | 3,667 | A luminescent solar concentrator having a glass or plastics matrix containing or covered with perovskites having luminescence from intra-gap states is provided. | 1. A luminescent solar concentrator having a body of polymer or glass material and comprising fluorophores, wherein said fluorophores are perovskite nanostructures doped or not doped with heteroatoms, with emission from intra-gap states. 2. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein said nanostructures are alternatively of nanocrystalline, filament or two-dimensional or thin film shape. 3. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite nanostructures alternatively have compositions of the following type:
A) M1M2X3 where:
M1=an element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
M2=Pb; X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature, doped with heteroatoms;
B) M1M2X3 where:
M1=element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature,
M2=element in group IV or 14 in the IUPAC nomenclature other than Pb;
X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature, undoped or doped with heteroatoms;
C) M1 2M2X6 where:
M1=element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
M2=element in group IV or 14 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature, either undoped or doped with heteroatoms;
D) MAM2X3 where:
MA=[CH3NH3]+, CH(NH2)2]+, [CH6N3]+ or another organic cation;
M2=element in group IV or 14 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature, either undoped or doped with heteroatoms;
E) M1 3M2 2X9 or MA3M2 2X9 where:
M1=element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
M2=element in group VA or 15 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature; and
MA=[CH3NH3]+, CH(NH2)2]+, [CH6N3]+ or another organic cation, these structures being undoped or doped with heteroatoms. 4. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the nanostructures are double perovskites having a composition of the M1 2M2M3X6 type where:
M1=element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature; M2=elements in group IB or 11 in the IUPAC nomenclature or group IIIA or 13 in the IUPAC nomenclature; M3=element in group VA or 15 in the IUPAC nomenclature; and X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature. 5. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 4, wherein the perovskite nanostructures are selected from the group consisting of: Cs2CuSbCl6, Cs2CuSbBr6, Cs2CuBiBr6, Cs2AgSbBr6, Cs2AgSbI6, Cs2AgBiI6, Cs2AuSbCl6, Cs2AuBiCl6, Cs2AuBiBr6, Cs2InSbCl6, Cs2InBiCl6, Cs2TlSbBr6, Cs2TlSbI6, and Cs2TlBiBr6, said nanostructures may be undoped or doped with heteroatoms. 6. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite nanostructures are structures of the type (C4N2H14Br)4SnX6 where:
X=Br, I or another element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature. 7. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the body is made of at least one of the following polymers or corresponding copolymers: polyacrylates and polymethylmethacrylates, polyolefins, polyvinyls, epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polyacetates, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyketones, polyesters, polycyanoacrylates, silicones, polyglycols, polyimides, fluorinated and perfluorinated polymers, polycellulose and derivatives such as methyl-cellulose, hydroxymethyl-cellulose, polyoxazine, and silica-based glasses. 8. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein said luminescent solar concentrator has a sheet-like shape in which the nanostructures are dispersed within a plastics or silica-based glass matrix or deposited in the form of a film on the surfaces thereof. 9. Window for buildings or for moving structures comprising at least a part constructed using a luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1. | A luminescent solar concentrator having a glass or plastics matrix containing or covered with perovskites having luminescence from intra-gap states is provided.1. A luminescent solar concentrator having a body of polymer or glass material and comprising fluorophores, wherein said fluorophores are perovskite nanostructures doped or not doped with heteroatoms, with emission from intra-gap states. 2. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein said nanostructures are alternatively of nanocrystalline, filament or two-dimensional or thin film shape. 3. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite nanostructures alternatively have compositions of the following type:
A) M1M2X3 where:
M1=an element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
M2=Pb; X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature, doped with heteroatoms;
B) M1M2X3 where:
M1=element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature,
M2=element in group IV or 14 in the IUPAC nomenclature other than Pb;
X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature, undoped or doped with heteroatoms;
C) M1 2M2X6 where:
M1=element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
M2=element in group IV or 14 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature, either undoped or doped with heteroatoms;
D) MAM2X3 where:
MA=[CH3NH3]+, CH(NH2)2]+, [CH6N3]+ or another organic cation;
M2=element in group IV or 14 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature, either undoped or doped with heteroatoms;
E) M1 3M2 2X9 or MA3M2 2X9 where:
M1=element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
M2=element in group VA or 15 in the IUPAC nomenclature;
X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature; and
MA=[CH3NH3]+, CH(NH2)2]+, [CH6N3]+ or another organic cation, these structures being undoped or doped with heteroatoms. 4. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the nanostructures are double perovskites having a composition of the M1 2M2M3X6 type where:
M1=element in group IA or 1 in the IUPAC nomenclature; M2=elements in group IB or 11 in the IUPAC nomenclature or group IIIA or 13 in the IUPAC nomenclature; M3=element in group VA or 15 in the IUPAC nomenclature; and X=element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature. 5. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 4, wherein the perovskite nanostructures are selected from the group consisting of: Cs2CuSbCl6, Cs2CuSbBr6, Cs2CuBiBr6, Cs2AgSbBr6, Cs2AgSbI6, Cs2AgBiI6, Cs2AuSbCl6, Cs2AuBiCl6, Cs2AuBiBr6, Cs2InSbCl6, Cs2InBiCl6, Cs2TlSbBr6, Cs2TlSbI6, and Cs2TlBiBr6, said nanostructures may be undoped or doped with heteroatoms. 6. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite nanostructures are structures of the type (C4N2H14Br)4SnX6 where:
X=Br, I or another element in group VIIA or 17 in the IUPAC nomenclature. 7. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the body is made of at least one of the following polymers or corresponding copolymers: polyacrylates and polymethylmethacrylates, polyolefins, polyvinyls, epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polyacetates, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyketones, polyesters, polycyanoacrylates, silicones, polyglycols, polyimides, fluorinated and perfluorinated polymers, polycellulose and derivatives such as methyl-cellulose, hydroxymethyl-cellulose, polyoxazine, and silica-based glasses. 8. The luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1, wherein said luminescent solar concentrator has a sheet-like shape in which the nanostructures are dispersed within a plastics or silica-based glass matrix or deposited in the form of a film on the surfaces thereof. 9. Window for buildings or for moving structures comprising at least a part constructed using a luminescent solar concentrator according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
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