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345,900 | 16,804,282 | 2,412 | A manifold having a first side, a second side, a first channel extending from the first side to the second side, and a second channel extending from the first side to the second side is disclosed. The first channel and the second channel each define a linear longitudinal axis. In one embodiment, the first channel longitudinal axis and the second channel longitudinal axis are oblique to the first side and the second side of the manifold. The manifold of the present disclosure provides channels that can be easily cleaned and allow for an increased flow performance. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A manifold for a first substance and a second substance to travel therethrough, the manifold comprising:
a block having a first side and a second side, the block having a vee-shape; a first channel extending from the first side to the second side, the first channel defining a first channel longitudinal axis, the first channel longitudinal axis being linear; and a second channel extending from the first side to the second side, the second channel defining a second channel longitudinal axis, the second channel longitudinal axis being linear, wherein the first channel and the second channel together form a vee-shape, wherein the first side of the block includes a first threaded connection portion and the second side of the block includes a second threaded connection portion, and wherein a portion of the first channel is within the second threaded connection portion and a portion of the second channel is within the second threaded connection portion. 16. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the first channel and the second channel are inclined toward each other as the first channel and the second channel extend from the first side of the block to the second side of the block. 17. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the block has a stepped surface adjacent the second side. 18. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the first side of the block has a first width and the second side of the block has a second width, the first width greater than the second width. 19. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the first channel has a uniform diameter. 20. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the second channel has a uniform diameter. 21. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the first channel and the second channel intersect at a point outside of the block. 22. The manifold of claim 15, further comprising:
wherein the first threaded connection portion is disposed at a first portion of the first side of the block; a third threaded connection portion disposed at a second portion of the first side of the block; and wherein the second threaded connection portion is disposed at a third portion of the second side of the block. 23. The manifold of claim 22, wherein the first threaded connection portion, the second threaded connection portion, and the third threaded connection portion comprise a ⅞ inch thread diameter. 24. A manifold for a first substance and a second substance to travel therethrough, the manifold comprising:
a block having a first side and a second side, the block having a vee-shape; a first channel extending from the first side to the second side, the first channel defining a first channel longitudinal axis, the first channel longitudinal axis being linear; and a second channel extending from the first side to the second side, the second channel defining a second channel longitudinal axis, the second channel longitudinal axis being linear, wherein the first channel and the second channel together form a vee-shape, wherein the block has a stepped surface adjacent the second side, wherein the first side of the block includes a first threaded connection portion and the second side of the block includes a second threaded connection portion, and wherein a portion of the first channel is within the second threaded connection portion and a portion of the second channel is within the second threaded connection portion. 25. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the first channel and the second channel are inclined toward each other as the first channel and the second channel extend from the first side of the block to the second side of the block. 26. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the first side of the block has a first width and the second side of the block has a second width, the first width greater than the second width. 27. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the first channel has a uniform diameter. 28. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the second channel has a uniform diameter. 29. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the first channel and the second channel intersect at a point outside of the block. 30. The manifold of claim 24, further comprising:
wherein the first threaded connection portion is disposed at a first portion of the first side of the block; a third threaded connection portion disposed at a second portion of the first side of the block; and wherein the second threaded connection portion is disposed at a third portion of the second side of the block. 31. The manifold of claim 30, wherein the first threaded connection portion, the second threaded connection portion, and the third threaded connection portion comprise a ⅞ inch thread diameter. 32. A manifold for a first substance and a second substance to travel therethrough, the manifold comprising:
a block having a first side and a second side, the block having a vee-shape; a first channel extending from the first side to the second side, the first channel defining a first channel longitudinal axis, the first channel longitudinal axis being linear, the first channel having a uniform diameter; and a second channel extending from the first side to the second side, the second channel defining a second channel longitudinal axis, the second channel longitudinal axis being linear, the second channel having a uniform diameter, wherein the first channel and the second channel together form a vee-shape, wherein the block has a stepped surface adjacent the second side, wherein the first side of the block includes a first threaded connection portion and the second side of the block includes a second threaded connection portion, and wherein a portion of the first channel is within the second threaded connection portion and a portion of the second channel is within the second threaded connection portion. 33. The manifold of claim 32, wherein the first channel and the second channel are inclined toward each other as the first channel and the second channel extend from the first side of the block to the second side of the block. 34. The manifold of claim 33, wherein the first threaded connection portion and the second threaded connection portion comprise a ⅞ inch thread diameter. | A manifold having a first side, a second side, a first channel extending from the first side to the second side, and a second channel extending from the first side to the second side is disclosed. The first channel and the second channel each define a linear longitudinal axis. In one embodiment, the first channel longitudinal axis and the second channel longitudinal axis are oblique to the first side and the second side of the manifold. The manifold of the present disclosure provides channels that can be easily cleaned and allow for an increased flow performance.1-14. (canceled) 15. A manifold for a first substance and a second substance to travel therethrough, the manifold comprising:
a block having a first side and a second side, the block having a vee-shape; a first channel extending from the first side to the second side, the first channel defining a first channel longitudinal axis, the first channel longitudinal axis being linear; and a second channel extending from the first side to the second side, the second channel defining a second channel longitudinal axis, the second channel longitudinal axis being linear, wherein the first channel and the second channel together form a vee-shape, wherein the first side of the block includes a first threaded connection portion and the second side of the block includes a second threaded connection portion, and wherein a portion of the first channel is within the second threaded connection portion and a portion of the second channel is within the second threaded connection portion. 16. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the first channel and the second channel are inclined toward each other as the first channel and the second channel extend from the first side of the block to the second side of the block. 17. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the block has a stepped surface adjacent the second side. 18. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the first side of the block has a first width and the second side of the block has a second width, the first width greater than the second width. 19. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the first channel has a uniform diameter. 20. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the second channel has a uniform diameter. 21. The manifold of claim 15, wherein the first channel and the second channel intersect at a point outside of the block. 22. The manifold of claim 15, further comprising:
wherein the first threaded connection portion is disposed at a first portion of the first side of the block; a third threaded connection portion disposed at a second portion of the first side of the block; and wherein the second threaded connection portion is disposed at a third portion of the second side of the block. 23. The manifold of claim 22, wherein the first threaded connection portion, the second threaded connection portion, and the third threaded connection portion comprise a ⅞ inch thread diameter. 24. A manifold for a first substance and a second substance to travel therethrough, the manifold comprising:
a block having a first side and a second side, the block having a vee-shape; a first channel extending from the first side to the second side, the first channel defining a first channel longitudinal axis, the first channel longitudinal axis being linear; and a second channel extending from the first side to the second side, the second channel defining a second channel longitudinal axis, the second channel longitudinal axis being linear, wherein the first channel and the second channel together form a vee-shape, wherein the block has a stepped surface adjacent the second side, wherein the first side of the block includes a first threaded connection portion and the second side of the block includes a second threaded connection portion, and wherein a portion of the first channel is within the second threaded connection portion and a portion of the second channel is within the second threaded connection portion. 25. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the first channel and the second channel are inclined toward each other as the first channel and the second channel extend from the first side of the block to the second side of the block. 26. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the first side of the block has a first width and the second side of the block has a second width, the first width greater than the second width. 27. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the first channel has a uniform diameter. 28. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the second channel has a uniform diameter. 29. The manifold of claim 24, wherein the first channel and the second channel intersect at a point outside of the block. 30. The manifold of claim 24, further comprising:
wherein the first threaded connection portion is disposed at a first portion of the first side of the block; a third threaded connection portion disposed at a second portion of the first side of the block; and wherein the second threaded connection portion is disposed at a third portion of the second side of the block. 31. The manifold of claim 30, wherein the first threaded connection portion, the second threaded connection portion, and the third threaded connection portion comprise a ⅞ inch thread diameter. 32. A manifold for a first substance and a second substance to travel therethrough, the manifold comprising:
a block having a first side and a second side, the block having a vee-shape; a first channel extending from the first side to the second side, the first channel defining a first channel longitudinal axis, the first channel longitudinal axis being linear, the first channel having a uniform diameter; and a second channel extending from the first side to the second side, the second channel defining a second channel longitudinal axis, the second channel longitudinal axis being linear, the second channel having a uniform diameter, wherein the first channel and the second channel together form a vee-shape, wherein the block has a stepped surface adjacent the second side, wherein the first side of the block includes a first threaded connection portion and the second side of the block includes a second threaded connection portion, and wherein a portion of the first channel is within the second threaded connection portion and a portion of the second channel is within the second threaded connection portion. 33. The manifold of claim 32, wherein the first channel and the second channel are inclined toward each other as the first channel and the second channel extend from the first side of the block to the second side of the block. 34. The manifold of claim 33, wherein the first threaded connection portion and the second threaded connection portion comprise a ⅞ inch thread diameter. | 2,400 |
345,901 | 16,804,332 | 2,412 | An ignition device includes: a primary coil including a first winding and a second winding connected in series to the first winding; a secondary coil connected to a spark plug and magnetically coupled to the primary coil; a first switch that opens or closes the electrical path between the first terminal and the ground; a second switch that opens or closes the electrical path between the power source and the second terminal; a third switch that opens or closes the electrical path between the power source and the connection point; a fourth switch that opens or closes the electrical path between the second terminal and the ground; and a switch control unit that controls the opening and closing of each switch to open or close each electrical path. | 1. An ignition device for generating a spark discharge at a spark plug, the ignition device comprising:
a primary coil including a first winding, a second winding connected in series to the first winding, a first terminal at an opposite end of the first winding from a connection point between the first winding and the second winding, and a second terminal at an opposite end of the second winding from the connection point; a secondary coil connected to the spark plug and magnetically coupled to the primary coil; a first switch connecting with the first terminal of the primary coil and configured to open or close an electrical path between the first terminal and ground; a second switch connecting with the second terminal of the primary coil and configured to open or close an electrical path between a power source and the second terminal; a third switch connecting with the connection point of the second winding and configured to open or close an electrical path between the power source and the connection point; a fourth switch connecting with the second terminal of the second winding and configured to open or close an electrical path between the second terminal and the ground; and a switch control unit configured to control opening and closing of the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch to open or close each of the electrical paths. 2. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
when the switch control unit starts the spark discharge, the switch control unit closes the first switch and the second switch with the third switch and the fourth switch open, to cause a current to flow from the second terminal of the primary coil to the first terminal, thereafter opening the first switch and the second switch to stop energization of the primary coil, and when the switch control unit maintains the spark discharge after the spark discharge is started, the switch control unit closes the third switch and the fourth switch to cause a current to flow from the connection point to the second terminal. 3. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
when the switch control unit maintains the spark discharge, the switch control unit alternates closing the third switch and the fourth switch to cause a current to flow from the connection point to the second terminal and opening the third switch or the fourth switch to stop power supply from the power source to the second winding, and the ignition device further comprises a freewheeling mechanism configured to keep a current flowing through the second winding when the power supply is stopped. 4. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein
the freewheeling mechanism includes a freewheeling diode having an anode connected to the ground and a cathode connected between the connection point and the third switch. 5. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein
the freewheeling mechanism includes a freewheeling diode provided in parallel with the second winding and having an anode connected between the second switch and the second terminal and a cathode connected between the third switch and the connection point, and a freewheeling control switch provided in parallel with the second winding and connected in series to the freewheeling diode. 6. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein
the freewheeling mechanism includes a freewheeling diode provided in parallel with the second switch and having an anode connected between the second terminal and the second switch and a cathode connected between the power source and the second switch. 7. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein
the freewheeling mechanism includes a fifth switch provided between the second terminal and the fourth switch and connected in series to the fourth switch, and a freewheeling diode having an anode connected between the fourth switch and the fifth switch and a cathode connected between the connection point and the third switch. 8. The ignition device according to claim 1, further comprising
a secondary current sensing unit configured to sense a secondary current flowing through the secondary coil, wherein when the switch control unit maintains the spark discharge, the switch control unit opens or closes the third switch in accordance with the secondary current sensed by the secondary current sensing unit. 9. The ignition device according to claim 1, further comprising
a backflow prevention diode having an anode connected to the power source, wherein the second switch is connected to a cathode of the backflow prevention diode and allows passage of a current coming from the power source via the backflow prevention diode, and the third switch is connected to the cathode of the backflow prevention diode and allows passage of a current coming from the power source via the backflow prevention diode. 10. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
the secondary coil and the second winding have a turns ratio determined by dividing the number of turns of the secondary coil by the number of turns of the second winding, and the turns ratio is greater than a voltage ratio determined by dividing a discharge maintaining voltage sufficient to maintain the spark discharge by a voltage applied by the power source. 11. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
the second winding has a wire diameter greater than a wire diameter of the first winding. 12. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
the power source for applying a voltage to the primary coil when the spark discharge is started is an on-vehicle power source and also serves as a power source for applying a voltage to the second winding when the spark discharge is maintained. 13. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
the primary coil, the secondary coil, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the switch control unit are contained in an ignition coil case. | An ignition device includes: a primary coil including a first winding and a second winding connected in series to the first winding; a secondary coil connected to a spark plug and magnetically coupled to the primary coil; a first switch that opens or closes the electrical path between the first terminal and the ground; a second switch that opens or closes the electrical path between the power source and the second terminal; a third switch that opens or closes the electrical path between the power source and the connection point; a fourth switch that opens or closes the electrical path between the second terminal and the ground; and a switch control unit that controls the opening and closing of each switch to open or close each electrical path.1. An ignition device for generating a spark discharge at a spark plug, the ignition device comprising:
a primary coil including a first winding, a second winding connected in series to the first winding, a first terminal at an opposite end of the first winding from a connection point between the first winding and the second winding, and a second terminal at an opposite end of the second winding from the connection point; a secondary coil connected to the spark plug and magnetically coupled to the primary coil; a first switch connecting with the first terminal of the primary coil and configured to open or close an electrical path between the first terminal and ground; a second switch connecting with the second terminal of the primary coil and configured to open or close an electrical path between a power source and the second terminal; a third switch connecting with the connection point of the second winding and configured to open or close an electrical path between the power source and the connection point; a fourth switch connecting with the second terminal of the second winding and configured to open or close an electrical path between the second terminal and the ground; and a switch control unit configured to control opening and closing of the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch to open or close each of the electrical paths. 2. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
when the switch control unit starts the spark discharge, the switch control unit closes the first switch and the second switch with the third switch and the fourth switch open, to cause a current to flow from the second terminal of the primary coil to the first terminal, thereafter opening the first switch and the second switch to stop energization of the primary coil, and when the switch control unit maintains the spark discharge after the spark discharge is started, the switch control unit closes the third switch and the fourth switch to cause a current to flow from the connection point to the second terminal. 3. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
when the switch control unit maintains the spark discharge, the switch control unit alternates closing the third switch and the fourth switch to cause a current to flow from the connection point to the second terminal and opening the third switch or the fourth switch to stop power supply from the power source to the second winding, and the ignition device further comprises a freewheeling mechanism configured to keep a current flowing through the second winding when the power supply is stopped. 4. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein
the freewheeling mechanism includes a freewheeling diode having an anode connected to the ground and a cathode connected between the connection point and the third switch. 5. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein
the freewheeling mechanism includes a freewheeling diode provided in parallel with the second winding and having an anode connected between the second switch and the second terminal and a cathode connected between the third switch and the connection point, and a freewheeling control switch provided in parallel with the second winding and connected in series to the freewheeling diode. 6. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein
the freewheeling mechanism includes a freewheeling diode provided in parallel with the second switch and having an anode connected between the second terminal and the second switch and a cathode connected between the power source and the second switch. 7. The ignition device according to claim 3, wherein
the freewheeling mechanism includes a fifth switch provided between the second terminal and the fourth switch and connected in series to the fourth switch, and a freewheeling diode having an anode connected between the fourth switch and the fifth switch and a cathode connected between the connection point and the third switch. 8. The ignition device according to claim 1, further comprising
a secondary current sensing unit configured to sense a secondary current flowing through the secondary coil, wherein when the switch control unit maintains the spark discharge, the switch control unit opens or closes the third switch in accordance with the secondary current sensed by the secondary current sensing unit. 9. The ignition device according to claim 1, further comprising
a backflow prevention diode having an anode connected to the power source, wherein the second switch is connected to a cathode of the backflow prevention diode and allows passage of a current coming from the power source via the backflow prevention diode, and the third switch is connected to the cathode of the backflow prevention diode and allows passage of a current coming from the power source via the backflow prevention diode. 10. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
the secondary coil and the second winding have a turns ratio determined by dividing the number of turns of the secondary coil by the number of turns of the second winding, and the turns ratio is greater than a voltage ratio determined by dividing a discharge maintaining voltage sufficient to maintain the spark discharge by a voltage applied by the power source. 11. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
the second winding has a wire diameter greater than a wire diameter of the first winding. 12. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
the power source for applying a voltage to the primary coil when the spark discharge is started is an on-vehicle power source and also serves as a power source for applying a voltage to the second winding when the spark discharge is maintained. 13. The ignition device according to claim 1, wherein
the primary coil, the secondary coil, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the switch control unit are contained in an ignition coil case. | 2,400 |
345,902 | 16,804,309 | 2,412 | A method for manufacturing a substrate with a transparent conductive film, includes emitting subnano-to-nanosecond laser light to a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of a substrate to form a laser-induced periodic surface structure having a corrugated shape in at least a part of the transparent conductive film. | 1. A method for manufacturing a substrate with a transparent conductive film, the method comprising
emitting subnano-to-nanosecond laser light to a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of a substrate to form a laser-induced periodic surface structure having a corrugated shape in at least a part of the transparent conductive film. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising
controlling a fluence of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light such that at least a partial region of a beam of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light on an irradiated surface of the transparent conductive film has a value of the fluence between a fluence capable of removing the transparent conductive film and a fluence incapable of removing the transparent conductive film. 3. The method according to claim 2, comprising
controlling the fluence of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light such that the beam of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light has the fluence capable of removing the transparent conductive film in a central region of the beam, has a fluence capable of forming the laser-induced periodic surface structure in a first surrounding region located around the central region, and has the fluence incapable of removing the transparent conductive film in a second surrounding region located around the first surrounding region. 4. The method according to claim 1, comprising
patterning the transparent conductive film using the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light. 5. The method according to claim 2, comprising
controlling a width of the region in the beam of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light having the fluence capable of forming the laser-induced periodic surface structure so as to control a ratio between a width at which the transparent conductive film is removed and a width at which the laser-induced periodic surface structure is formed. 6. The method according to claim 4, comprising
controlling a width of the region in the beam of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light having the fluence capable of forming the laser-induced periodic surface structure so as to control a ratio between a width at which the transparent conductive film is removed and a width at which the laser-induced periodic surface structure is formed. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser-induced periodic surface structure has a structure in which removed portions and remaining portions are alternately arranged in a direction intersecting a predetermined direction, the removed portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film has been removed, the remaining portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film remains. 8. The method according to claim 7, comprising
forming the laser-induced periodic surface structure between a first region and a second region of the transparent conductive film separated from each other so as to adjust an electrical resistance value between the first region and the second region. 9. A substrate with a transparent conductive film, the substrate comprising:
a substrate; and a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein an exposed region where the substrate is not covered with the transparent conductive film and a coated region where the substrate is covered with the transparent conductive film are formed on the surface of the substrate, and a boundary region between the exposed region and the coated region has a corrugated structure in which removed portions and remaining portions are alternately arranged in a direction in which the boundary region extends, the direction intersecting a predetermined direction, the removed portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film has been removed, the remaining portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film remains. 10. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 9, wherein the corrugated structure is a laser-induced periodic surface structure. 11. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 10, wherein the laser-induced periodic surface structure is formed by subnano-to-nanosecond laser light. 12. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 9, wherein the remaining portions of the transparent conductive film are arranged at intervals in a range of 0.3 μm to 3.0 μm. 13. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 9, wherein a film is formed on at least the corrugated structure in the transparent conductive film. 14. A solar cell comprising the substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 9. 15. A substrate with a transparent conductive film, the substrate comprising:
a substrate; and a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate with a transparent conductive film has a corrugated structure in which removed portions and remaining portions are alternately arranged in a direction intersecting a predetermined direction, the removed portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film has been removed, the remaining portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film remains, and the transparent conductive film has a predetermined pattern shape formed by the removed portions and the remaining portions. 16. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 15, wherein the corrugated structure is a laser-induced periodic surface structure. 17. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 16, wherein the laser-induced periodic surface structure is formed by subnano-to-nanosecond laser light. 18. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 15, wherein the remaining portions of the transparent conductive film are arranged at intervals in a range of 0.3 μm to 3.0 μm. 19. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 15, wherein a film is formed on at least the corrugated structure in the transparent conductive film. 20. A solar cell comprising the substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 15. | A method for manufacturing a substrate with a transparent conductive film, includes emitting subnano-to-nanosecond laser light to a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of a substrate to form a laser-induced periodic surface structure having a corrugated shape in at least a part of the transparent conductive film.1. A method for manufacturing a substrate with a transparent conductive film, the method comprising
emitting subnano-to-nanosecond laser light to a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of a substrate to form a laser-induced periodic surface structure having a corrugated shape in at least a part of the transparent conductive film. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising
controlling a fluence of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light such that at least a partial region of a beam of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light on an irradiated surface of the transparent conductive film has a value of the fluence between a fluence capable of removing the transparent conductive film and a fluence incapable of removing the transparent conductive film. 3. The method according to claim 2, comprising
controlling the fluence of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light such that the beam of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light has the fluence capable of removing the transparent conductive film in a central region of the beam, has a fluence capable of forming the laser-induced periodic surface structure in a first surrounding region located around the central region, and has the fluence incapable of removing the transparent conductive film in a second surrounding region located around the first surrounding region. 4. The method according to claim 1, comprising
patterning the transparent conductive film using the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light. 5. The method according to claim 2, comprising
controlling a width of the region in the beam of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light having the fluence capable of forming the laser-induced periodic surface structure so as to control a ratio between a width at which the transparent conductive film is removed and a width at which the laser-induced periodic surface structure is formed. 6. The method according to claim 4, comprising
controlling a width of the region in the beam of the subnano-to-nanosecond laser light having the fluence capable of forming the laser-induced periodic surface structure so as to control a ratio between a width at which the transparent conductive film is removed and a width at which the laser-induced periodic surface structure is formed. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser-induced periodic surface structure has a structure in which removed portions and remaining portions are alternately arranged in a direction intersecting a predetermined direction, the removed portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film has been removed, the remaining portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film remains. 8. The method according to claim 7, comprising
forming the laser-induced periodic surface structure between a first region and a second region of the transparent conductive film separated from each other so as to adjust an electrical resistance value between the first region and the second region. 9. A substrate with a transparent conductive film, the substrate comprising:
a substrate; and a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein an exposed region where the substrate is not covered with the transparent conductive film and a coated region where the substrate is covered with the transparent conductive film are formed on the surface of the substrate, and a boundary region between the exposed region and the coated region has a corrugated structure in which removed portions and remaining portions are alternately arranged in a direction in which the boundary region extends, the direction intersecting a predetermined direction, the removed portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film has been removed, the remaining portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film remains. 10. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 9, wherein the corrugated structure is a laser-induced periodic surface structure. 11. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 10, wherein the laser-induced periodic surface structure is formed by subnano-to-nanosecond laser light. 12. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 9, wherein the remaining portions of the transparent conductive film are arranged at intervals in a range of 0.3 μm to 3.0 μm. 13. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 9, wherein a film is formed on at least the corrugated structure in the transparent conductive film. 14. A solar cell comprising the substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 9. 15. A substrate with a transparent conductive film, the substrate comprising:
a substrate; and a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate with a transparent conductive film has a corrugated structure in which removed portions and remaining portions are alternately arranged in a direction intersecting a predetermined direction, the removed portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film has been removed, the remaining portions extending in the predetermined direction and being portions where the transparent conductive film remains, and the transparent conductive film has a predetermined pattern shape formed by the removed portions and the remaining portions. 16. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 15, wherein the corrugated structure is a laser-induced periodic surface structure. 17. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 16, wherein the laser-induced periodic surface structure is formed by subnano-to-nanosecond laser light. 18. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 15, wherein the remaining portions of the transparent conductive film are arranged at intervals in a range of 0.3 μm to 3.0 μm. 19. The substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 15, wherein a film is formed on at least the corrugated structure in the transparent conductive film. 20. A solar cell comprising the substrate with a transparent conductive film according to claim 15. | 2,400 |
345,903 | 16,804,338 | 2,412 | A binding structure of wire routing materials are formed by: elongated wire routing materials; a binding member for binding the wire routing materials; and an engaging member including a movable body portion including an engaging portion for assembly into a vehicle body, and a bound portion to be bound and held together with the wire routing materials by the binding member. The bound portion includes a main portion facing the wire routing materials, and a leg portion extending from the main portion and being in contact with the wire routing materials. The movable body portion includes a sliding portion disposed such that sliding thereof is allowed on the wire routing materials in a gap. | 1. An engaging member comprising:
a movable body portion including an engaging portion for assembly into a vehicle body; and abound portion configured to be caused to come into a binding and holding state together with a wire routing material in an elongated shape by a binding member, wherein the bound portion integrally includes
a main portion configured to be pressed, in the binding and holding state, toward the wire routing material side by the binding member, and
a leg portion which, while in the binding and holding state, extends from the main portion and is in contact with the wire routing material to ensure a gap between the main portion and the wire routing material facing the main portion, and
the movable body portion integrally includes the engaging portion, and a sliding portion disposed such that sliding of the sliding portion is allowed on the wire routing material in the gap, and the sliding allows a position of the engaging portion to be moved relative to the bound portion bound and held together with the wire routing material. 2. A binding structure of a wire routing material, the binding structure comprising:
a wire routing material in an elongated shape; a binding member configured to bind the wire routing material; and an engaging member including
a movable body portion including an engaging portion for assembly into a vehicle body, and
a bound portion configured to be caused to come into a binding and holding state together with the wire routing material by the binding member, wherein
the bound portion integrally includes
a main portion configured to be pressed, in the binding and holding state, toward the wire routing material side by the binding member, and
a leg portion which, while in the binding and holding state, extends from the main portion and is in contact with the wire routing material to ensure a gap between the main portion and the wire routing material facing the main portion, and
the movable body portion integrally includes the engaging portion, and a sliding portion disposed such that sliding of the sliding portion is allowed on the wire routing material in the gap, and the sliding allows a position of the engaging portion to be moved relative to the bound portion bound and held together with the wire routing material. 3. The binding structure of the wire routing material according to claim 2, wherein
the engaging member includes a linking portion configured to link the bound portion and the movable body portion so as to allow relative movement therebetween. 4. The binding structure of the wire routing material according to claim 3, wherein
the linking portion is a deformation portion configured to deform in association with the relative movement. 5. The binding structure of the wire routing material according to claim 2, wherein
the engaging member includes initial position holding means configured to hold the engaging portion at a predetermined initial position and to release holding of the engaging portion in association with movement of the engaging portion from the initial position. | A binding structure of wire routing materials are formed by: elongated wire routing materials; a binding member for binding the wire routing materials; and an engaging member including a movable body portion including an engaging portion for assembly into a vehicle body, and a bound portion to be bound and held together with the wire routing materials by the binding member. The bound portion includes a main portion facing the wire routing materials, and a leg portion extending from the main portion and being in contact with the wire routing materials. The movable body portion includes a sliding portion disposed such that sliding thereof is allowed on the wire routing materials in a gap.1. An engaging member comprising:
a movable body portion including an engaging portion for assembly into a vehicle body; and abound portion configured to be caused to come into a binding and holding state together with a wire routing material in an elongated shape by a binding member, wherein the bound portion integrally includes
a main portion configured to be pressed, in the binding and holding state, toward the wire routing material side by the binding member, and
a leg portion which, while in the binding and holding state, extends from the main portion and is in contact with the wire routing material to ensure a gap between the main portion and the wire routing material facing the main portion, and
the movable body portion integrally includes the engaging portion, and a sliding portion disposed such that sliding of the sliding portion is allowed on the wire routing material in the gap, and the sliding allows a position of the engaging portion to be moved relative to the bound portion bound and held together with the wire routing material. 2. A binding structure of a wire routing material, the binding structure comprising:
a wire routing material in an elongated shape; a binding member configured to bind the wire routing material; and an engaging member including
a movable body portion including an engaging portion for assembly into a vehicle body, and
a bound portion configured to be caused to come into a binding and holding state together with the wire routing material by the binding member, wherein
the bound portion integrally includes
a main portion configured to be pressed, in the binding and holding state, toward the wire routing material side by the binding member, and
a leg portion which, while in the binding and holding state, extends from the main portion and is in contact with the wire routing material to ensure a gap between the main portion and the wire routing material facing the main portion, and
the movable body portion integrally includes the engaging portion, and a sliding portion disposed such that sliding of the sliding portion is allowed on the wire routing material in the gap, and the sliding allows a position of the engaging portion to be moved relative to the bound portion bound and held together with the wire routing material. 3. The binding structure of the wire routing material according to claim 2, wherein
the engaging member includes a linking portion configured to link the bound portion and the movable body portion so as to allow relative movement therebetween. 4. The binding structure of the wire routing material according to claim 3, wherein
the linking portion is a deformation portion configured to deform in association with the relative movement. 5. The binding structure of the wire routing material according to claim 2, wherein
the engaging member includes initial position holding means configured to hold the engaging portion at a predetermined initial position and to release holding of the engaging portion in association with movement of the engaging portion from the initial position. | 2,400 |
345,904 | 16,804,297 | 2,412 | Methods, computer program products, and systems are presented. The methods include, for instance: a gateway stack that includes a master, a backup, and at least one slave amongst nodes of the GS based on an election pursuant to a gateway stack protocol. The gateway stack provides gateway services for a Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3) network in a fail-safe manner by utilizing all of the nodes in the gateway stack. A data interface between the gateway stack and a switch is aggregated to evenly distribute inbound packets amongst the nodes of the gateway stack. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
forming a gateway stack (GS) that includes a master, a backup, and at least one slave amongst nodes of the GS based on an election pursuant to a gateway stack protocol (GSP), wherein the GS provides gateway services for a Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3), and wherein a node of the GS is coupled to a switch via a data interface that is aggregated by a static trunk that enables the switch to distribute inbound data packets amongst respective nodes of the GS. 2. The method of claim 1, the forming comprising:
responsive to obtaining, in a first state, an instruction to enable a node of the nodes in the GS from a user, setting the node to a second state in which the node commences communicating with other nodes in the GS; multicasting a first GSP packet to all of the nodes in the GS according to a packet interval period, wherein the packet interval period is specified in a GSP packet field; receiving a second GSP packet sent from one node of the nodes in the GS; responsive to ascertaining, in the second state, that the node established a bidirectional communication channel with the one node from the receiving, setting the node to a third state in which the node elects the master and the backup amongst the nodes in the GS; responsive to ascertaining, in the third state, that the master and the backup were elected amongst the nodes pursuant to the GSP, setting the node to a fourth state in which the node begins processing data packets; and responsive to ascertaining, in the fourth state, that the node had not received any data packets for a duration of time set in a GSP packet inactivity timer field, setting the node to the second state. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the GS enters an initialized state based on that all of the nodes in the GS having entered the second state, wherein the GS enters a connected state based on that all of the nodes in the GS having entered the third state, and wherein the GS enters a peer-up state in which the GS provides the gateway services for the NVO3 network based on that all of the nodes in the GS having entered the fourth state indicating that all of the nodes in the GS are enabled to process the data packets of the NVO3 network. 4. The method of claim 1, the forming comprising:
responsive to obtaining, in a first state, an instruction to enable a node of the nodes in the GS from a user, setting the node to a second state in which the node commences communicating with other nodes in the GS; multicasting a first GSP packet to all of the nodes in the GS according to a packet interval period, wherein the packet interval period is specified in a GSP packet field; receiving a second GSP packet sent from one node of the nodes in the GS; 5. The method of claim 1, the forming comprising:
responsive to obtaining, in a first state, an instruction to enable a node of the nodes in the GS from a user, setting the node to a second state in which the node commences communicating with other nodes in the GS; multicasting a first GSP packet to all of the nodes in the GS according to a packet interval period, wherein the packet interval period is specified in a GSP packet field; receiving a second GSP packet sent from one node of the nodes in the GS; responsive to ascertaining, in the second state, that the node established a bidirectional communication channel with the one node from the receiving, setting the node to a third state in which the node elects the master and the backup amongst the nodes in the GS, wherein the method further comprises:
electing the master and the backup, prior to the ascertaining, in the third state, that the master and the backup were elected amongst the nodes pursuant to the GSP, by performing:
discovering a master GSP packet having a greatest priority value amongst all gateway priority values, by examining a respective gateway priority field of received GSP packets from peer nodes in the GS pursuant to the GSP;
electing, amongst the peer nodes, a first node that had sent the master GSP packet as the master of the GS;
discovering a backup GSP packet having a second greatest priority value amongst all gateway priority values, by examining a respective gateway priority field of received GSP packets pursuant to the GSP;
electing, amongst the rest of peer nodes other than the master, a second node that had sent the backup GSP packet as the backup of the GS; and
electing all nodes of the GS other than the master and the backup as one or more slaves. 6. The method of claim 2, the forming comprising:
responsive to obtaining, in a first state, an instruction to enable a node of the nodes in the GS from a user, setting the node to a second state in which the node commences communicating with other nodes in the GS; multicasting a first GSP packet to all of the nodes in the GS according to a packet interval period, wherein the packet interval period is specified in a GSP packet field; receiving a second GSP packet sent from one node of the nodes in the GS; responsive to ascertaining, in the second state, that the node established a bidirectional communication channel with the one node from the receiving, setting the node to a third state in which the node elects the master and the backup amongst the nodes in the GS; 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
registering the GS with a controller and a policy server such that the controller keeps GS registration information data, and the policy server keeps policy server list information data of the GS, wherein the master communicates with the controller and the policy server via a management interface that is distinctive from the data interface. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising registering the GS with a controller and a policy server such that the controller keeps GS registration information data, and the policy server keeps policy server list information data of the GS, the registering, by the master, comprising:
sending the GS registration information data of the master to the controller; and updating the policy server list information data of the master, based on the policy server list information data from the policy server, as being pushed by the controller. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising registering the GS with a controller and a policy server such that the controller keeps GS registration information data, wherein the GS registration information data comprises a virtual tunnel IP address of the GS pursuant to a specification of software defined network for virtual environments (SDN VE) that is serviced by the GS. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising registering the GS with a controller and a policy server, wherein the policy server list information data comprises an IP address of an overlay virtual machine (VM) coupled to the GS via the switch, a media access control (MAC) address of an overlay VM, a Tunnel End Point IP (TEP-IP) address of the overlay VM, a network identifier of the overlay VM. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising registering the GS with a controller and a policy server, and configuring the nodes of the GS from the registering to enable all nodes in the GS for autonomous processing of an inbound NVO3 data packet having a destination address known to a receiving node. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising configuring nodes of the GS by the master, the configuring nodes by the master, comprising:
creating a configuration file for the gateway services of the GS, pursuant to the GS registration information data obtained from the controller; creating interfaces corresponding to the created configuration file; synchronizing respective configuration files of the backup and each slave of the at least one slave in the GS with the configuration file from the creating; registering a tunneling address of the GS with the policy server, by which the GS is enabled to provide the gateway services to a destination external to the NVO3 network by encapsulation; and notifying the tunneling address from the registering to the switch. 13. The method of claim 12, the creating the configuration file comprising:
determining that the GS is deployed as a Layer 3 gateway servicing an external public network; and recording the configuration file listing tunneling addresses, network address identification in the external public network, source/destination network address translation pools, and forwarding rules of the GS. 14. The method of claim 12, the creating the configuration file comprising:
determining that the GS is deployed as a Layer 2 gateway servicing a legacy network for tenants; and recording the configuration file listing tunneling addresses and virtual local area network (VLAN) mappings. 15. The method of claim 12, the creating interfaces comprising:
setting interfaces of the master comprising tunneling address, network address identification in an external public network, source/destination network address translation pools, forwarding rules, virtual local area network (VLAN) mappings, and dynamic sessions. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
updating, by the backup and the at least one slave, the respective configuration files of respective node of the backup and the at least one slave, based on the synchronizing by the master; and installing interfaces on respective node pursuant to the updated respective configuration file. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
operating the GS, responsive to an associated type of a data packet and respective changes in an environment of the GS, wherein a first change in the environment of the GS from the operating is selected from a failure on the data interface, the management interface, and a node of the master, wherein the first change triggers the backup to take over as a new master pursuant to the GSP, without updating the GS registration information data of the controller, and without updating the policy server list information data of the policy server. 18. The method of claim 17, the operating comprising:
determining a direction of the data packet, the direction selected from the group consisting of inbound and cross-network; determining a type of the data packet, the type selected from the group consisting of an NVO3 packet, an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request, and an ARP reply; wherein the data packet is of inbound direction and NVO3 packet type, processing, by the receiving node, the data packet according to interfaces installed in the receiving node, decapsulating, and, in response to ascertaining that the destination address is known to the receiving node, forwarding the data packet to a destination, wherein the data packet is of inbound direction and ARP reply type, encapsulating, by the receiving node, and forwarding the data packet to the master, wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and NVO3 packet type, processing, by the receiving node, the data packet according to interfaces installed in the receiving node, and notifying the data packet to the master, and wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and ARP request type, encapsulating, by the receiving node, the data packet and notifying the data packet to the master. 19. The method of claim 19, the operating further comprising:
wherein the data packet is of inbound direction and NVO3 packet type, receiving, by the master, a notification that the destination address is unknown, in response to ascertaining by the receiving node that the destination address is unknown to the receiving node, then sending out an ARP request to query the destination address, wherein the data packet is of inbound direction and ARP reply type, receiving, by the master, the data packet, in response to the forwarding by the receiving node, then synchronizing all nodes of the GS with data of the data packet, wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and NVO3 packet type, sending out, by the master, a new data packet of ARP request type, in response to ascertaining that the destination address has not been discovered in the policy server list information data, wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and NVO3 packet type, encapsulating, by the master, and forwarding the data packet to the destination address, in response to ascertaining that the destination address has been discovered in the policy server list information data, and wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and ARP request type, processing, by the master, the data packet, synchronizing all nodes of the GS with data of the data packet, and sending another new data packet of ARP reply type to an external network coupled to the switch. 20. A system comprising:
a gateway stack (GS) that includes a master, a backup, and at least one slave amongst nodes of the GS based on an election pursuant to a gateway stack protocol (GSP); wherein the GS provides gateway services for a Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3); and wherein a node of the GS is coupled to a switch via a data interface that is aggregated by a static trunk that enables the switch to distribute inbound data packets amongst respective nodes of the GS. | Methods, computer program products, and systems are presented. The methods include, for instance: a gateway stack that includes a master, a backup, and at least one slave amongst nodes of the GS based on an election pursuant to a gateway stack protocol. The gateway stack provides gateway services for a Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3) network in a fail-safe manner by utilizing all of the nodes in the gateway stack. A data interface between the gateway stack and a switch is aggregated to evenly distribute inbound packets amongst the nodes of the gateway stack.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
forming a gateway stack (GS) that includes a master, a backup, and at least one slave amongst nodes of the GS based on an election pursuant to a gateway stack protocol (GSP), wherein the GS provides gateway services for a Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3), and wherein a node of the GS is coupled to a switch via a data interface that is aggregated by a static trunk that enables the switch to distribute inbound data packets amongst respective nodes of the GS. 2. The method of claim 1, the forming comprising:
responsive to obtaining, in a first state, an instruction to enable a node of the nodes in the GS from a user, setting the node to a second state in which the node commences communicating with other nodes in the GS; multicasting a first GSP packet to all of the nodes in the GS according to a packet interval period, wherein the packet interval period is specified in a GSP packet field; receiving a second GSP packet sent from one node of the nodes in the GS; responsive to ascertaining, in the second state, that the node established a bidirectional communication channel with the one node from the receiving, setting the node to a third state in which the node elects the master and the backup amongst the nodes in the GS; responsive to ascertaining, in the third state, that the master and the backup were elected amongst the nodes pursuant to the GSP, setting the node to a fourth state in which the node begins processing data packets; and responsive to ascertaining, in the fourth state, that the node had not received any data packets for a duration of time set in a GSP packet inactivity timer field, setting the node to the second state. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the GS enters an initialized state based on that all of the nodes in the GS having entered the second state, wherein the GS enters a connected state based on that all of the nodes in the GS having entered the third state, and wherein the GS enters a peer-up state in which the GS provides the gateway services for the NVO3 network based on that all of the nodes in the GS having entered the fourth state indicating that all of the nodes in the GS are enabled to process the data packets of the NVO3 network. 4. The method of claim 1, the forming comprising:
responsive to obtaining, in a first state, an instruction to enable a node of the nodes in the GS from a user, setting the node to a second state in which the node commences communicating with other nodes in the GS; multicasting a first GSP packet to all of the nodes in the GS according to a packet interval period, wherein the packet interval period is specified in a GSP packet field; receiving a second GSP packet sent from one node of the nodes in the GS; 5. The method of claim 1, the forming comprising:
responsive to obtaining, in a first state, an instruction to enable a node of the nodes in the GS from a user, setting the node to a second state in which the node commences communicating with other nodes in the GS; multicasting a first GSP packet to all of the nodes in the GS according to a packet interval period, wherein the packet interval period is specified in a GSP packet field; receiving a second GSP packet sent from one node of the nodes in the GS; responsive to ascertaining, in the second state, that the node established a bidirectional communication channel with the one node from the receiving, setting the node to a third state in which the node elects the master and the backup amongst the nodes in the GS, wherein the method further comprises:
electing the master and the backup, prior to the ascertaining, in the third state, that the master and the backup were elected amongst the nodes pursuant to the GSP, by performing:
discovering a master GSP packet having a greatest priority value amongst all gateway priority values, by examining a respective gateway priority field of received GSP packets from peer nodes in the GS pursuant to the GSP;
electing, amongst the peer nodes, a first node that had sent the master GSP packet as the master of the GS;
discovering a backup GSP packet having a second greatest priority value amongst all gateway priority values, by examining a respective gateway priority field of received GSP packets pursuant to the GSP;
electing, amongst the rest of peer nodes other than the master, a second node that had sent the backup GSP packet as the backup of the GS; and
electing all nodes of the GS other than the master and the backup as one or more slaves. 6. The method of claim 2, the forming comprising:
responsive to obtaining, in a first state, an instruction to enable a node of the nodes in the GS from a user, setting the node to a second state in which the node commences communicating with other nodes in the GS; multicasting a first GSP packet to all of the nodes in the GS according to a packet interval period, wherein the packet interval period is specified in a GSP packet field; receiving a second GSP packet sent from one node of the nodes in the GS; responsive to ascertaining, in the second state, that the node established a bidirectional communication channel with the one node from the receiving, setting the node to a third state in which the node elects the master and the backup amongst the nodes in the GS; 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
registering the GS with a controller and a policy server such that the controller keeps GS registration information data, and the policy server keeps policy server list information data of the GS, wherein the master communicates with the controller and the policy server via a management interface that is distinctive from the data interface. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising registering the GS with a controller and a policy server such that the controller keeps GS registration information data, and the policy server keeps policy server list information data of the GS, the registering, by the master, comprising:
sending the GS registration information data of the master to the controller; and updating the policy server list information data of the master, based on the policy server list information data from the policy server, as being pushed by the controller. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising registering the GS with a controller and a policy server such that the controller keeps GS registration information data, wherein the GS registration information data comprises a virtual tunnel IP address of the GS pursuant to a specification of software defined network for virtual environments (SDN VE) that is serviced by the GS. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising registering the GS with a controller and a policy server, wherein the policy server list information data comprises an IP address of an overlay virtual machine (VM) coupled to the GS via the switch, a media access control (MAC) address of an overlay VM, a Tunnel End Point IP (TEP-IP) address of the overlay VM, a network identifier of the overlay VM. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising registering the GS with a controller and a policy server, and configuring the nodes of the GS from the registering to enable all nodes in the GS for autonomous processing of an inbound NVO3 data packet having a destination address known to a receiving node. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising configuring nodes of the GS by the master, the configuring nodes by the master, comprising:
creating a configuration file for the gateway services of the GS, pursuant to the GS registration information data obtained from the controller; creating interfaces corresponding to the created configuration file; synchronizing respective configuration files of the backup and each slave of the at least one slave in the GS with the configuration file from the creating; registering a tunneling address of the GS with the policy server, by which the GS is enabled to provide the gateway services to a destination external to the NVO3 network by encapsulation; and notifying the tunneling address from the registering to the switch. 13. The method of claim 12, the creating the configuration file comprising:
determining that the GS is deployed as a Layer 3 gateway servicing an external public network; and recording the configuration file listing tunneling addresses, network address identification in the external public network, source/destination network address translation pools, and forwarding rules of the GS. 14. The method of claim 12, the creating the configuration file comprising:
determining that the GS is deployed as a Layer 2 gateway servicing a legacy network for tenants; and recording the configuration file listing tunneling addresses and virtual local area network (VLAN) mappings. 15. The method of claim 12, the creating interfaces comprising:
setting interfaces of the master comprising tunneling address, network address identification in an external public network, source/destination network address translation pools, forwarding rules, virtual local area network (VLAN) mappings, and dynamic sessions. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
updating, by the backup and the at least one slave, the respective configuration files of respective node of the backup and the at least one slave, based on the synchronizing by the master; and installing interfaces on respective node pursuant to the updated respective configuration file. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
operating the GS, responsive to an associated type of a data packet and respective changes in an environment of the GS, wherein a first change in the environment of the GS from the operating is selected from a failure on the data interface, the management interface, and a node of the master, wherein the first change triggers the backup to take over as a new master pursuant to the GSP, without updating the GS registration information data of the controller, and without updating the policy server list information data of the policy server. 18. The method of claim 17, the operating comprising:
determining a direction of the data packet, the direction selected from the group consisting of inbound and cross-network; determining a type of the data packet, the type selected from the group consisting of an NVO3 packet, an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request, and an ARP reply; wherein the data packet is of inbound direction and NVO3 packet type, processing, by the receiving node, the data packet according to interfaces installed in the receiving node, decapsulating, and, in response to ascertaining that the destination address is known to the receiving node, forwarding the data packet to a destination, wherein the data packet is of inbound direction and ARP reply type, encapsulating, by the receiving node, and forwarding the data packet to the master, wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and NVO3 packet type, processing, by the receiving node, the data packet according to interfaces installed in the receiving node, and notifying the data packet to the master, and wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and ARP request type, encapsulating, by the receiving node, the data packet and notifying the data packet to the master. 19. The method of claim 19, the operating further comprising:
wherein the data packet is of inbound direction and NVO3 packet type, receiving, by the master, a notification that the destination address is unknown, in response to ascertaining by the receiving node that the destination address is unknown to the receiving node, then sending out an ARP request to query the destination address, wherein the data packet is of inbound direction and ARP reply type, receiving, by the master, the data packet, in response to the forwarding by the receiving node, then synchronizing all nodes of the GS with data of the data packet, wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and NVO3 packet type, sending out, by the master, a new data packet of ARP request type, in response to ascertaining that the destination address has not been discovered in the policy server list information data, wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and NVO3 packet type, encapsulating, by the master, and forwarding the data packet to the destination address, in response to ascertaining that the destination address has been discovered in the policy server list information data, and wherein the data packet is of cross-network direction and ARP request type, processing, by the master, the data packet, synchronizing all nodes of the GS with data of the data packet, and sending another new data packet of ARP reply type to an external network coupled to the switch. 20. A system comprising:
a gateway stack (GS) that includes a master, a backup, and at least one slave amongst nodes of the GS based on an election pursuant to a gateway stack protocol (GSP); wherein the GS provides gateway services for a Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3); and wherein a node of the GS is coupled to a switch via a data interface that is aggregated by a static trunk that enables the switch to distribute inbound data packets amongst respective nodes of the GS. | 2,400 |
345,905 | 16,804,320 | 2,412 | According to one embodiment, an electrode group is provided. The electrode group includes a positive electrode that includes a lithium composite oxide LiMxMn2-xO4 (0<x≤0.5, M is at least one selected from a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Co, Mg, and Mo) as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode that includes a negative electrode active material, a composite electrolyte layer that includes at least one of a solid electrolyte and an inorganic compound containing alumina, and a separator. The composite electrolyte layer and the separator are arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. A density of the composite electrolyte layer is in the range of 1.0 g/cc and 2.2 g/cc. | 1. An electrode group comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a lithium composite oxide LiMxMn2-xO4 (0<x≤0.5, M is at least one selected from a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Co, Mg, and Mo) as a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material; a composite electrolyte layer comprising at least one of a solid electrolyte and an inorganic compound containing alumina; and a separator, wherein the composite electrolyte layer and the separator are arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a density of the composite electrolyte layer is in a range of 1.0 g/cc to 2.2 g/cc. 2. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the density of the composite electrolyte layer is in a range of 1.3 g/cc to 1.5 g/cc. 3. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the composite electrolyte layer is in a range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm. 4. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the composite electrolyte layer is in a range of 1 μm to 20 μm. 5. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the solid electrolyte is in a form of particles, and an average particle size of the solid electrolyte is in a range of 0.1 μm to 10 μm. 6. The electrode group according to claim 5, wherein
the average particle size of the solid electrolyte is in a range of 0.1 μm to 5 μm. 7. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the solid electrolyte comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of perovskite-type lithium lanthanum titanium composite oxide, garnet-type lithium lanthanum zirconium-containing oxide, NASICON-type lithium aluminum titanium composite oxide, lithium calcium zirconium oxide, and an inorganic compound having a LISICON structure. 8. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the inorganic compound containing alumina is alumina. 9. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the positive electrode active material has a discharging potential of 4.5 V (vs Li/Li+) or greater. 10. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material comprises a titanium composite oxide. 11. The electrode group according to claim 10, wherein
the titanium composite oxide comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of lithium titanium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium titanium oxide, and lithium sodium niobium titanium oxide. 12. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising:
the electrode group according to claim 1; and a nonaqueous electrolyte. 13. A battery pack comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 12. 14. The battery pack according to claim 13 further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and
a protective circuit. 15. The battery pack according to claim 13 comprising a plurality of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein
the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel. 16. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 13. 17. The vehicle according to claim 16, wherein
the battery pack is configured to recover a regenerative energy of a power of the vehicle. | According to one embodiment, an electrode group is provided. The electrode group includes a positive electrode that includes a lithium composite oxide LiMxMn2-xO4 (0<x≤0.5, M is at least one selected from a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Co, Mg, and Mo) as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode that includes a negative electrode active material, a composite electrolyte layer that includes at least one of a solid electrolyte and an inorganic compound containing alumina, and a separator. The composite electrolyte layer and the separator are arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. A density of the composite electrolyte layer is in the range of 1.0 g/cc and 2.2 g/cc.1. An electrode group comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a lithium composite oxide LiMxMn2-xO4 (0<x≤0.5, M is at least one selected from a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Co, Mg, and Mo) as a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material; a composite electrolyte layer comprising at least one of a solid electrolyte and an inorganic compound containing alumina; and a separator, wherein the composite electrolyte layer and the separator are arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a density of the composite electrolyte layer is in a range of 1.0 g/cc to 2.2 g/cc. 2. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the density of the composite electrolyte layer is in a range of 1.3 g/cc to 1.5 g/cc. 3. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the composite electrolyte layer is in a range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm. 4. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the composite electrolyte layer is in a range of 1 μm to 20 μm. 5. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the solid electrolyte is in a form of particles, and an average particle size of the solid electrolyte is in a range of 0.1 μm to 10 μm. 6. The electrode group according to claim 5, wherein
the average particle size of the solid electrolyte is in a range of 0.1 μm to 5 μm. 7. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the solid electrolyte comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of perovskite-type lithium lanthanum titanium composite oxide, garnet-type lithium lanthanum zirconium-containing oxide, NASICON-type lithium aluminum titanium composite oxide, lithium calcium zirconium oxide, and an inorganic compound having a LISICON structure. 8. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the inorganic compound containing alumina is alumina. 9. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein
the positive electrode active material has a discharging potential of 4.5 V (vs Li/Li+) or greater. 10. The electrode group according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material comprises a titanium composite oxide. 11. The electrode group according to claim 10, wherein
the titanium composite oxide comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of lithium titanium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium titanium oxide, and lithium sodium niobium titanium oxide. 12. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising:
the electrode group according to claim 1; and a nonaqueous electrolyte. 13. A battery pack comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 12. 14. The battery pack according to claim 13 further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and
a protective circuit. 15. The battery pack according to claim 13 comprising a plurality of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein
the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel. 16. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 13. 17. The vehicle according to claim 16, wherein
the battery pack is configured to recover a regenerative energy of a power of the vehicle. | 2,400 |
345,906 | 16,804,334 | 2,412 | An apparatus such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) includes a set of shader engines and a set of front end (FE) circuits. Subsets of the set of FE circuits schedule geometry workloads for subsets of the set of shader engines based on a mapping. The apparatus also includes a set of physical paths that convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines. Subsets of the set of physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines based on the mapping. The mapping determines information stored in a set of registers used to configure the apparatus. In some cases, the set of registers store information indicating a spatial partitioning of the set of physical paths. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a set of shader engines; a set of front end (FE) circuits, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule geometry workloads for subsets of the set of shader engines based on a mapping; and a set of physical paths configured to convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines, wherein subsets of the set of physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines based on the mapping. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a command bus having a set of lanes that convey information from the set of FE circuits to the set of shader engines, and wherein subsets of the set of lanes are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines based on the mapping. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a cache to hold information received from the set of shader engines, and wherein portions of the cache are allocated to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines based on the mapping. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a set of memory channels configured to convey information from the cache to the memory, and wherein subsets of the set of memory channels are allocated to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
a set of registers configured to store information for configuring the set of physical paths. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the set of registers comprises a first subset of registers to store information used to allocate the subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of FE circuits based on the mapping, a second subset of registers to store information used to partition the cache and allocate the portions to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines, and a third subset of registers configured to allocate the subsets of the set of memory channels to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the subsets of the set of physical paths are associated with applications that are concurrently executing on the subsets of the shader engines. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the mapping is determined based on characteristics of the applications. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the mapping is determined based on at least one of complexities and graphics resolutions associated with the applications. 10. An apparatus comprising:
a set of shader engines; a set of front end (FE) circuits, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule geometry workloads for corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; and a set of registers including information indicating a spatial partitioning of a set of physical paths that convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the spatial partitioning indicated by the information stored in the set of registers represents an allocation of subsets of the set of physical paths to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a command bus having a set of lanes that convey information from the set of FE circuits to the set of shader engines, and wherein the set of registers stores information indicating an allocation of subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a cache to hold information received from the set of shader engines, and wherein the set of registers stores information indicating allocation of portions of the cache to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a set of memory channels configured to convey information from the cache to a memory, and wherein the set of registers stores information indicating allocation of subsets of the set of memory channels to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the set of registers comprises a first subset of registers to store information used to allocate the subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of FE circuits, a second subset of registers to store information used to partition the cache and allocate the portions to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines, and a third subset of registers configured to allocate the subsets of the set of memory channels to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the subsets of the set of physical paths are associated with applications that are concurrently executing on the subsets of the shader engines. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a mapping indicating the spatial partitioning of the set of physical paths is determined based on characteristics of the applications. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the mapping is determined based on at least one of complexities and graphics resolutions associated with the applications. 19. A method comprising:
accessing a set of registers including mapping information that maps subsets of a set of front end (FE) circuits to corresponding subsets of a set of shader engines; and spatially partitioning, based on the mapping information, a set of physical paths into subsets that convey information from the subsets of the set of FE circuits to a memory via the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a command bus having a set of lanes that convey information from the set of FE circuits to the set of shader engines, and wherein spatially partitioning the set of physical paths comprises allocating subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a cache to hold information received from the set of shader engines, and wherein spatially partitioning the set of physical paths comprises partitioning the cache in to portions to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a set of memory channels configured to convey information from the cache to a memory, and wherein spatially partitioning the set of physical paths comprises allocating subsets of the set of memory channels to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. | An apparatus such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) includes a set of shader engines and a set of front end (FE) circuits. Subsets of the set of FE circuits schedule geometry workloads for subsets of the set of shader engines based on a mapping. The apparatus also includes a set of physical paths that convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines. Subsets of the set of physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines based on the mapping. The mapping determines information stored in a set of registers used to configure the apparatus. In some cases, the set of registers store information indicating a spatial partitioning of the set of physical paths.1. An apparatus comprising:
a set of shader engines; a set of front end (FE) circuits, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule geometry workloads for subsets of the set of shader engines based on a mapping; and a set of physical paths configured to convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines, wherein subsets of the set of physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines based on the mapping. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a command bus having a set of lanes that convey information from the set of FE circuits to the set of shader engines, and wherein subsets of the set of lanes are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines based on the mapping. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a cache to hold information received from the set of shader engines, and wherein portions of the cache are allocated to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines based on the mapping. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a set of memory channels configured to convey information from the cache to the memory, and wherein subsets of the set of memory channels are allocated to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
a set of registers configured to store information for configuring the set of physical paths. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the set of registers comprises a first subset of registers to store information used to allocate the subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of FE circuits based on the mapping, a second subset of registers to store information used to partition the cache and allocate the portions to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines, and a third subset of registers configured to allocate the subsets of the set of memory channels to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the subsets of the set of physical paths are associated with applications that are concurrently executing on the subsets of the shader engines. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the mapping is determined based on characteristics of the applications. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the mapping is determined based on at least one of complexities and graphics resolutions associated with the applications. 10. An apparatus comprising:
a set of shader engines; a set of front end (FE) circuits, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule geometry workloads for corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; and a set of registers including information indicating a spatial partitioning of a set of physical paths that convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the spatial partitioning indicated by the information stored in the set of registers represents an allocation of subsets of the set of physical paths to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a command bus having a set of lanes that convey information from the set of FE circuits to the set of shader engines, and wherein the set of registers stores information indicating an allocation of subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a cache to hold information received from the set of shader engines, and wherein the set of registers stores information indicating allocation of portions of the cache to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a set of memory channels configured to convey information from the cache to a memory, and wherein the set of registers stores information indicating allocation of subsets of the set of memory channels to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the set of registers comprises a first subset of registers to store information used to allocate the subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of FE circuits, a second subset of registers to store information used to partition the cache and allocate the portions to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines, and a third subset of registers configured to allocate the subsets of the set of memory channels to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the subsets of the set of physical paths are associated with applications that are concurrently executing on the subsets of the shader engines. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a mapping indicating the spatial partitioning of the set of physical paths is determined based on characteristics of the applications. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the mapping is determined based on at least one of complexities and graphics resolutions associated with the applications. 19. A method comprising:
accessing a set of registers including mapping information that maps subsets of a set of front end (FE) circuits to corresponding subsets of a set of shader engines; and spatially partitioning, based on the mapping information, a set of physical paths into subsets that convey information from the subsets of the set of FE circuits to a memory via the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a command bus having a set of lanes that convey information from the set of FE circuits to the set of shader engines, and wherein spatially partitioning the set of physical paths comprises allocating subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the subsets of the set of shader engines. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a cache to hold information received from the set of shader engines, and wherein spatially partitioning the set of physical paths comprises partitioning the cache in to portions to hold information received from the subsets of the set of shader engines. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the set of physical paths comprises a set of memory channels configured to convey information from the cache to a memory, and wherein spatially partitioning the set of physical paths comprises allocating subsets of the set of memory channels to convey information from the portions of the cache to the memory. | 2,400 |
345,907 | 16,804,301 | 2,412 | A method includes: receiving, by a computing device, a data slice for storage in a dispersed storage network; predicting, by the computing device, a modification frequency associated with the data slice; and storing, by the computing device, the data slice in one of a first type zone of a data storage and a second type zone of the data storage based on the predicted modification frequency. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, a data slice for storage in a dispersed storage network; predicting, by the computing device, a modification frequency associated with the data slice; and storing, by the computing device, the data slice in one of a first type zone of a data storage and a second type zone of the data storage based on the predicted modification frequency. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing plural different data slices in a sequential manner in a single first type zone of the data storage, based on each of the plural different data slices having a predicted modification frequency exceeding a threshold value. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising reclaiming the single first type zone after a predefined time period without performing any I/O operations. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing plural different data slices in a sequential manner in a single second type zone of the data storage, based on each of the plural different data slices having a predicted modification frequency less than a threshold value. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising reclaiming the single second type zone based on determining the single second type zone reaches a compaction threshold. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the reclaiming the single second type zone comprises:
sequentially writing all live data slices in the single second type zone to a third type zone; and reallocating the single second type zone. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising reclaiming at least one additional second type zone by sequentially writing all live data slices in the at least one additional second type zone to the third type zone. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the computing device predicts the modification frequency based on one of:
application awareness; client hint; machine learning process; and historic per object modification trends 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the computing device is a dispersed storage unit in the dispersed storage network; and the data storage comprises at least one drive. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the dispersed storage unit uses Zone Slice Storage; each of the first type zone and the second type zone maps to a respective physical zone of the at least one drive. 11. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media having program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable to:
define different zones of a data storage of a dispersed storage unit in a dispersed storage network, the different zones including first type zones, second type zones, and third type zones; receive plural data slices for storage in the dispersed storage unit; store a first subset of the plural data slices in a said first type zone based on predicting modification frequencies associated with slices in the first subset; store a second subset of the plural data slices, that is mutually exclusive of the first subset of the plural data slices, in a said second type zone; reclaim the said first type zone without performing any I/O operations; and reclaim the said second type zone by writing live slices contained in the said second type zone to a third type zone and then reallocating the said second type zone. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the predicting modification frequencies is based on one of:
application awareness; client hint; machine learning process; and historic per object modification trends. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the reclaiming the said first type zone is performed at a predefined time period after a last slice of the first subset is written to the said first type zone. 14. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the reclaiming the said second type zone is performed in response to determining the single second type zone reaches a compaction threshold. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein:
the dispersed storage unit uses Zone Slice Storage; the data storage comprises at least one drive; and each instance of the first type zone, the second type zone, and the third type zone maps to a respective physical zone of the at least one drive. 16. A system comprising:
a dispersed storage unit in a dispersed storage network, the dispersed storage unit comprising a processor, a computer readable memory, one or more computer readable storage media, and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media for execution by the processor, wherein execution of the program instructions causes the dispersed storage unit to: define different zones of a data storage of the dispersed storage unit, the different zones including first type zones, second type zones, and third type zones; receive plural data slices for storage in the dispersed storage unit; store a first subset of the plural data slices in a said first type zone based on predicting modification frequencies associated with slices in the first subset; store a second subset of the plural data slices, that is mutually exclusive of the first subset of the plural data slices in a said second type zone; reclaim the said first type zone without performing any I/O operations; and reclaim the said second type zone by writing live slices contained in the said second type zone to a third type zone and then reallocating the said second type zone. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the predicting modification frequencies is based on one of:
application awareness; client hint; machine learning process; and historic per object modification trends. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the reclaiming the said first type zone is performed at a predefined time period after a last slice of the first subset is written to the said first type zone. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the reclaiming the said second type zone is performed in response to determining the single second type zone reaches a compaction threshold. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein:
the dispersed storage unit uses Zone Slice Storage; the data storage comprises at least one drive; and each instance of the first type zone, the second type zone, and the third type zone maps to a respective physical zone of the at least one drive. | A method includes: receiving, by a computing device, a data slice for storage in a dispersed storage network; predicting, by the computing device, a modification frequency associated with the data slice; and storing, by the computing device, the data slice in one of a first type zone of a data storage and a second type zone of the data storage based on the predicted modification frequency.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, a data slice for storage in a dispersed storage network; predicting, by the computing device, a modification frequency associated with the data slice; and storing, by the computing device, the data slice in one of a first type zone of a data storage and a second type zone of the data storage based on the predicted modification frequency. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing plural different data slices in a sequential manner in a single first type zone of the data storage, based on each of the plural different data slices having a predicted modification frequency exceeding a threshold value. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising reclaiming the single first type zone after a predefined time period without performing any I/O operations. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing plural different data slices in a sequential manner in a single second type zone of the data storage, based on each of the plural different data slices having a predicted modification frequency less than a threshold value. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising reclaiming the single second type zone based on determining the single second type zone reaches a compaction threshold. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the reclaiming the single second type zone comprises:
sequentially writing all live data slices in the single second type zone to a third type zone; and reallocating the single second type zone. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising reclaiming at least one additional second type zone by sequentially writing all live data slices in the at least one additional second type zone to the third type zone. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the computing device predicts the modification frequency based on one of:
application awareness; client hint; machine learning process; and historic per object modification trends 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the computing device is a dispersed storage unit in the dispersed storage network; and the data storage comprises at least one drive. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the dispersed storage unit uses Zone Slice Storage; each of the first type zone and the second type zone maps to a respective physical zone of the at least one drive. 11. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media having program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable to:
define different zones of a data storage of a dispersed storage unit in a dispersed storage network, the different zones including first type zones, second type zones, and third type zones; receive plural data slices for storage in the dispersed storage unit; store a first subset of the plural data slices in a said first type zone based on predicting modification frequencies associated with slices in the first subset; store a second subset of the plural data slices, that is mutually exclusive of the first subset of the plural data slices, in a said second type zone; reclaim the said first type zone without performing any I/O operations; and reclaim the said second type zone by writing live slices contained in the said second type zone to a third type zone and then reallocating the said second type zone. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the predicting modification frequencies is based on one of:
application awareness; client hint; machine learning process; and historic per object modification trends. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the reclaiming the said first type zone is performed at a predefined time period after a last slice of the first subset is written to the said first type zone. 14. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the reclaiming the said second type zone is performed in response to determining the single second type zone reaches a compaction threshold. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein:
the dispersed storage unit uses Zone Slice Storage; the data storage comprises at least one drive; and each instance of the first type zone, the second type zone, and the third type zone maps to a respective physical zone of the at least one drive. 16. A system comprising:
a dispersed storage unit in a dispersed storage network, the dispersed storage unit comprising a processor, a computer readable memory, one or more computer readable storage media, and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media for execution by the processor, wherein execution of the program instructions causes the dispersed storage unit to: define different zones of a data storage of the dispersed storage unit, the different zones including first type zones, second type zones, and third type zones; receive plural data slices for storage in the dispersed storage unit; store a first subset of the plural data slices in a said first type zone based on predicting modification frequencies associated with slices in the first subset; store a second subset of the plural data slices, that is mutually exclusive of the first subset of the plural data slices in a said second type zone; reclaim the said first type zone without performing any I/O operations; and reclaim the said second type zone by writing live slices contained in the said second type zone to a third type zone and then reallocating the said second type zone. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the predicting modification frequencies is based on one of:
application awareness; client hint; machine learning process; and historic per object modification trends. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the reclaiming the said first type zone is performed at a predefined time period after a last slice of the first subset is written to the said first type zone. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the reclaiming the said second type zone is performed in response to determining the single second type zone reaches a compaction threshold. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein:
the dispersed storage unit uses Zone Slice Storage; the data storage comprises at least one drive; and each instance of the first type zone, the second type zone, and the third type zone maps to a respective physical zone of the at least one drive. | 2,400 |
345,908 | 16,804,340 | 2,684 | A device for communicating a system status visually is disclosed. The device comprises a primary indicator and a secondary indicator, and in an embodiment comprises a surround indicator and a tail indicator. Both indicators allow light to pass through a translucent portion to be visible by a user, and the device utilizes illumination elements such as multicolor LEDs to present the indicators in colors to communicate system status or a data category to inform a user about the system with simplified color signals easily perceived at a distance. The device can be configured to accept multiple sensor or signal inputs and control one or more powered devices to effect feedback control of a system variable, e.g. temperature. The tail indicator can change colors to communicate a data category provided by a signal input. The surround indicator can change colors to communicate a system status. | 1. A visual indicator device comprising:
a primary indicator comprising a surround lens at least partially surrounding a display; a secondary indicator comprising a translucent tail adjacent said display; at least one illuminating element disposed interior said translucent tail; a plurality of illuminating elements disposed interior said primary indicator; a light reflector disposed between said plurality of illuminating elements and said surround lens; a housing retaining said primary indicator and said secondary indicator and containing a circuit board for controlling said display, said plurality of illuminating elements, and said at least one illuminating element. 2. The visual indicator device of claim 1 wherein said plurality of illuminating elements comprises LEDs configured to produce a first indicator color and a second indicator color. 3. The visual indicator device of claim 1 wherein said plurality of illuminating elements comprises LEDs in a first color to produce a first indicator color and LEDs in a second color to produce a second indicator color. 4. The visual indicator device of claim 2 wherein said at least one illuminating element comprises at least one multicolor LED configured to produce a first tail color and a second tail color. 5. The visual indicator device of claim 4 further comprising:
a central lens disposed central to said surround lens;
a display light shield positioned between said circuit board and said central lens and oriented substantially perpendicular to said central lens, and surrounding said display wherein said display light shield prevents light from said plurality of illuminating elements from reaching the portion of said central lens above said display. 6. The visual indicator device of claim 5 wherein said light reflector abuts at least a display light shield first side, a display light shield second side, and a display light shield third side. 7. The visual indicator device of claim 6 further comprising a first sensor LED disposed within a first sensor light shield, and a second sensor LED disposed within a second sensor light shield. 8. The visual indicator device of claim 7 wherein said display light shield is attached to a central housing comprising a sensor indicator aperture positioned above said first sensor LED to provide a first sensor indicator viewable by a user. 9. A communication device for informing a user comprising:
a housing having a surround indicator comprising a translucent surround lens and a tail indicator comprising a translucent tail lens; wherein said surround indicator occupies a significant portion of a circumference of said housing; a display positioned central to said surround indicator; and said tail indicator having an orientation radial to the path of said surround indicator. 10. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator is illuminated by a plurality of illuminating elements to indicate a status condition. 11. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator is illuminated in a first surround color to indicate a first status and said tail indicator is simultaneously illuminated in a first tail color to indicate a data category is presented on said display. 12. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator is illuminated in a first surround color to indicate a first status condition and alternately illuminated in a second surround color to indicate a second status condition. 13. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator comprises a first surround section and a second surround section and said first surround section changes color independent of said second surround section to indicate a status condition. 14. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator changes colors repeatedly to indicate a status condition. 15. A visual indicator device for a feedback controller comprising:
a display, a first sensor indicator, a second sensor indicator, a power output port, and a plurality of multicolor LEDs disposed on a circuit board; said plurality of multicolor LEDs positioned exterior to a display light shield and interior to a surround indicator; wherein said surround indicator is illuminated in a first surround color to communicate a first system status and illuminated in a second surround color to communicate a second system status 16. The device of claim 15 further comprising a tail indicator illuminated by at least one multicolor LED disposed within a tail light shield. 17. The device of claim 16 wherein:
said tail indicator is illuminated in a first tail color corresponding to a first indicator color provided by said first sensor indicator to communicate a first data category is presented by said display; and
said tail indicator is illuminated in a second tail color corresponding to a second indicator color provided by said second sensor indicator to communicate a second data category is presented by said display. 18. The device of claim 17 further comprising:
a third sensor indicator and a fourth sensor indicator wherein said tail indicator is illuminated in a third tail color to communicate a third data category is presented by said display; and
said tail indicator is illuminated in a fourth tail color to communicate a fourth data category is presented by said display. 19. The device of claim 15 wherein said feedback controller further comprises a temperature probe, and illuminates said surround indicator in said first surround color when said temperature probe registers a temperature below a set point temperature. 20. The device of claim 19 wherein said surround indicator is illuminated in said second surround color when said temperature probe registers a temperature above said set point temperature. 21. The device of claim 15 wherein said surround color is alternately illuminated to appear blinking when said temperature probe registers a temperature above an alert temperature. | A device for communicating a system status visually is disclosed. The device comprises a primary indicator and a secondary indicator, and in an embodiment comprises a surround indicator and a tail indicator. Both indicators allow light to pass through a translucent portion to be visible by a user, and the device utilizes illumination elements such as multicolor LEDs to present the indicators in colors to communicate system status or a data category to inform a user about the system with simplified color signals easily perceived at a distance. The device can be configured to accept multiple sensor or signal inputs and control one or more powered devices to effect feedback control of a system variable, e.g. temperature. The tail indicator can change colors to communicate a data category provided by a signal input. The surround indicator can change colors to communicate a system status.1. A visual indicator device comprising:
a primary indicator comprising a surround lens at least partially surrounding a display; a secondary indicator comprising a translucent tail adjacent said display; at least one illuminating element disposed interior said translucent tail; a plurality of illuminating elements disposed interior said primary indicator; a light reflector disposed between said plurality of illuminating elements and said surround lens; a housing retaining said primary indicator and said secondary indicator and containing a circuit board for controlling said display, said plurality of illuminating elements, and said at least one illuminating element. 2. The visual indicator device of claim 1 wherein said plurality of illuminating elements comprises LEDs configured to produce a first indicator color and a second indicator color. 3. The visual indicator device of claim 1 wherein said plurality of illuminating elements comprises LEDs in a first color to produce a first indicator color and LEDs in a second color to produce a second indicator color. 4. The visual indicator device of claim 2 wherein said at least one illuminating element comprises at least one multicolor LED configured to produce a first tail color and a second tail color. 5. The visual indicator device of claim 4 further comprising:
a central lens disposed central to said surround lens;
a display light shield positioned between said circuit board and said central lens and oriented substantially perpendicular to said central lens, and surrounding said display wherein said display light shield prevents light from said plurality of illuminating elements from reaching the portion of said central lens above said display. 6. The visual indicator device of claim 5 wherein said light reflector abuts at least a display light shield first side, a display light shield second side, and a display light shield third side. 7. The visual indicator device of claim 6 further comprising a first sensor LED disposed within a first sensor light shield, and a second sensor LED disposed within a second sensor light shield. 8. The visual indicator device of claim 7 wherein said display light shield is attached to a central housing comprising a sensor indicator aperture positioned above said first sensor LED to provide a first sensor indicator viewable by a user. 9. A communication device for informing a user comprising:
a housing having a surround indicator comprising a translucent surround lens and a tail indicator comprising a translucent tail lens; wherein said surround indicator occupies a significant portion of a circumference of said housing; a display positioned central to said surround indicator; and said tail indicator having an orientation radial to the path of said surround indicator. 10. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator is illuminated by a plurality of illuminating elements to indicate a status condition. 11. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator is illuminated in a first surround color to indicate a first status and said tail indicator is simultaneously illuminated in a first tail color to indicate a data category is presented on said display. 12. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator is illuminated in a first surround color to indicate a first status condition and alternately illuminated in a second surround color to indicate a second status condition. 13. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator comprises a first surround section and a second surround section and said first surround section changes color independent of said second surround section to indicate a status condition. 14. The device of claim 9 wherein said surround indicator changes colors repeatedly to indicate a status condition. 15. A visual indicator device for a feedback controller comprising:
a display, a first sensor indicator, a second sensor indicator, a power output port, and a plurality of multicolor LEDs disposed on a circuit board; said plurality of multicolor LEDs positioned exterior to a display light shield and interior to a surround indicator; wherein said surround indicator is illuminated in a first surround color to communicate a first system status and illuminated in a second surround color to communicate a second system status 16. The device of claim 15 further comprising a tail indicator illuminated by at least one multicolor LED disposed within a tail light shield. 17. The device of claim 16 wherein:
said tail indicator is illuminated in a first tail color corresponding to a first indicator color provided by said first sensor indicator to communicate a first data category is presented by said display; and
said tail indicator is illuminated in a second tail color corresponding to a second indicator color provided by said second sensor indicator to communicate a second data category is presented by said display. 18. The device of claim 17 further comprising:
a third sensor indicator and a fourth sensor indicator wherein said tail indicator is illuminated in a third tail color to communicate a third data category is presented by said display; and
said tail indicator is illuminated in a fourth tail color to communicate a fourth data category is presented by said display. 19. The device of claim 15 wherein said feedback controller further comprises a temperature probe, and illuminates said surround indicator in said first surround color when said temperature probe registers a temperature below a set point temperature. 20. The device of claim 19 wherein said surround indicator is illuminated in said second surround color when said temperature probe registers a temperature above said set point temperature. 21. The device of claim 15 wherein said surround color is alternately illuminated to appear blinking when said temperature probe registers a temperature above an alert temperature. | 2,600 |
345,909 | 16,804,327 | 2,684 | In a method for deconvolving image data, image data of an object are captured with a number n of confocal beam paths. The image data are converted into resultant image data by means of a point spread function. The resultant image data are deconvolved again in the frequency domain using a deconvolution function, wherein the deconvolution function contains the formation of at least a number n of sum terms and a Wiener parameter w. The results of the sum terms are stored in retrievable fashion; the Wiener parameter W is modified at least once proceeding from its original value and the deconvolution is carried out by means of the deconvolution function with the modified Wiener parameter w and the stored results of the sum terms. | 1. A method for deconvolving image data (D(r)) the method comprising:
capturing image data (O(r)) of an object with at least one confocal beam path and at least one detector element; converting the image data (O(r)) into resultant image data (D(r)) with a point spread function (EH(r)); and deconvolving the resultant image data (D(r)) again in the frequency domain using a deconvolution function, wherein the deconvolution function necessitates formation of at least a number n of sum terms; the deconvolution function contains a Wiener parameter (w) as correction variable; the results of the sum terms are stored in retrievable fashion; the Wiener parameter (W) is modified at least once proceeding from its original value, thereby obtaining a modified Wiener parameter; and the deconvolving is carried out with the deconvolution function with the modified Wiener parameter (w) and the stored results of the sum terms. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the deconvolution function is 3. The method according to claim 2,
wherein a number n of confocal beam paths is at least 2, wherein the number n of confocal beam paths equals the number n of detector elements, and image data of each confocal beam path are captured individually by respectively one detector element. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the terms (Σi n(Di(ω)·EHi*(ω))) and (Σi n|EHi(ω)|2) are stored in retrievable fashion as sum terms. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Wiener parameter w has the form 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein a detector with a two-dimensional arrangement of the n detector elements is used to capture the resultant image data, wherein the detector is disposed in a conjugate image plane of the detection beam path. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein n is at least 32. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein a light-guiding fiber or light-guiding structure is disposed upstream of each detector element. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the detector is an Airy scan detector. 10. A method for reducing required computational time for deconvolving image data (D(r)), the method comprising:
capturing image data (O(r)) of an object with at least one confocal beam path and at least one detector element; converting the image data (O(r)) into resultant image data (D(r)) with a point spread function (EH(r)); and deconvolving the resultant image data (D(r)) again in the frequency domain using a deconvolution function, wherein the deconvolution function necessitates formation of at least a number n of sum terms; the deconvolution function contains a Wiener parameter (w) as correction variable; the results of the sum terms are stored in retrievable fashion; the Wiener parameter (W) is modified at least once proceeding from its original value, thereby obtaining a modified Wiener parameter; and the deconvolving is carried out with the deconvolution function with the modified Wiener parameter (w) and the stored results of the sum terms. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the required computational time is reduced, as compared to a method wherein the Wiener parameter is set and remains constant, by a factor of from 4 to 30. 12. The method according to claim 10,
wherein a number n of confocal beam paths is at least 2, wherein the number n of confocal beam paths equals the number n of detector elements, wherein image data of each confocal beam path are captured individually by respectively one detector element, wherein a detector with a two-dimensional arrangement of the n detector elements is used to capture the resultant image data, and wherein the detector is disposed in a conjugate image plane of the detection beam path. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein n is at least 32. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein a light-guiding fiber or light-guiding structure is disposed upstream of each detector element. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the detector is an Airy scan detector. | In a method for deconvolving image data, image data of an object are captured with a number n of confocal beam paths. The image data are converted into resultant image data by means of a point spread function. The resultant image data are deconvolved again in the frequency domain using a deconvolution function, wherein the deconvolution function contains the formation of at least a number n of sum terms and a Wiener parameter w. The results of the sum terms are stored in retrievable fashion; the Wiener parameter W is modified at least once proceeding from its original value and the deconvolution is carried out by means of the deconvolution function with the modified Wiener parameter w and the stored results of the sum terms.1. A method for deconvolving image data (D(r)) the method comprising:
capturing image data (O(r)) of an object with at least one confocal beam path and at least one detector element; converting the image data (O(r)) into resultant image data (D(r)) with a point spread function (EH(r)); and deconvolving the resultant image data (D(r)) again in the frequency domain using a deconvolution function, wherein the deconvolution function necessitates formation of at least a number n of sum terms; the deconvolution function contains a Wiener parameter (w) as correction variable; the results of the sum terms are stored in retrievable fashion; the Wiener parameter (W) is modified at least once proceeding from its original value, thereby obtaining a modified Wiener parameter; and the deconvolving is carried out with the deconvolution function with the modified Wiener parameter (w) and the stored results of the sum terms. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the deconvolution function is 3. The method according to claim 2,
wherein a number n of confocal beam paths is at least 2, wherein the number n of confocal beam paths equals the number n of detector elements, and image data of each confocal beam path are captured individually by respectively one detector element. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the terms (Σi n(Di(ω)·EHi*(ω))) and (Σi n|EHi(ω)|2) are stored in retrievable fashion as sum terms. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Wiener parameter w has the form 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein a detector with a two-dimensional arrangement of the n detector elements is used to capture the resultant image data, wherein the detector is disposed in a conjugate image plane of the detection beam path. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein n is at least 32. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein a light-guiding fiber or light-guiding structure is disposed upstream of each detector element. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the detector is an Airy scan detector. 10. A method for reducing required computational time for deconvolving image data (D(r)), the method comprising:
capturing image data (O(r)) of an object with at least one confocal beam path and at least one detector element; converting the image data (O(r)) into resultant image data (D(r)) with a point spread function (EH(r)); and deconvolving the resultant image data (D(r)) again in the frequency domain using a deconvolution function, wherein the deconvolution function necessitates formation of at least a number n of sum terms; the deconvolution function contains a Wiener parameter (w) as correction variable; the results of the sum terms are stored in retrievable fashion; the Wiener parameter (W) is modified at least once proceeding from its original value, thereby obtaining a modified Wiener parameter; and the deconvolving is carried out with the deconvolution function with the modified Wiener parameter (w) and the stored results of the sum terms. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the required computational time is reduced, as compared to a method wherein the Wiener parameter is set and remains constant, by a factor of from 4 to 30. 12. The method according to claim 10,
wherein a number n of confocal beam paths is at least 2, wherein the number n of confocal beam paths equals the number n of detector elements, wherein image data of each confocal beam path are captured individually by respectively one detector element, wherein a detector with a two-dimensional arrangement of the n detector elements is used to capture the resultant image data, and wherein the detector is disposed in a conjugate image plane of the detection beam path. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein n is at least 32. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein a light-guiding fiber or light-guiding structure is disposed upstream of each detector element. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the detector is an Airy scan detector. | 2,600 |
345,910 | 16,804,342 | 2,684 | This disclosure provides an apparatus and method for manufacturing a arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer is provided. The arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer is arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer meant to guide and change direction of arthroscopic, intra-articular pins used to drill within a joint. The arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer includes a partial loop formed to capture an intra-articular device entered into a joint; an extension neck connected to the partial loop; and a handle connected to the extension neck. | 1. A arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer for to guide and change direction of arthroscopic, intra-articular pins used to drill within a joint, the arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer comprising:
a partial loop formed to capture an intra-articular device entered into a joint; an extension neck connected to the partial loop; and a handle connected to the extension neck. 2. The aimer of claim 1, wherein the partial loop is rigid. 3. The aimer of claim 1, wherein a surface of partial loop in a plane perpendicular to a central axis is flat. 4. The aimer of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the partial loop in a direction of a central axis of the partial loop is less than a diameter or a thickness of the extension neck. 5. The aimer of claim 1, wherein a diameter of an inside of the partial loop is greater than a diameter or a thickness of the extension neck. 6. The aimer of claim 1, wherein the partial loop is structured in a C-shape. 7. The aimer of claim 1, wherein the partial loop is 270 degrees. 8. The aimer of claim 1, wherein an end of the extension neck connects to the partial loop in a manner that the end of the extension neck is perpendicular to a first end of the partial loop. 9. The aimer of claim 1, wherein an end of the extension neck connects to the partial loop in a manner that the end of the extension neck is parallel to a second end of the partial loop. 10. The aimer of claim 1, wherein the partial loop is a single continuous piece forming an arc. 11. A method for manufacturing a arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer meant to guide and change direction of arthroscopic, intra-articular pins used to drill within a joint, the method comprising:
forming a partial loop to capture an intra-articular devices entered into a joint; connecting an extension neck to the partial loop; and connecting a handle to the extension neck. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial loop is rigid. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein a surface of partial loop in a plane perpendicular to a central axis is flat. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein a thickness of the partial loop in a direction of a central axis of the partial loop is less than a diameter or a thickness of the extension neck. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein a diameter of an inside of the partial loop is greater than a diameter or a thickness of the extension neck. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial loop is structured in a C-shape. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial loop is 270 degrees. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein an end of the extension neck connects to the partial loop in a manner that the end of the extension neck is perpendicular to a first end of the partial loop. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein an end of the extension neck connects to the partial loop in a manner that the end of the extension neck is parallel to a second end of the partial loop. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial loop is a single continuous piece forming an arc. | This disclosure provides an apparatus and method for manufacturing a arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer is provided. The arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer is arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer meant to guide and change direction of arthroscopic, intra-articular pins used to drill within a joint. The arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer includes a partial loop formed to capture an intra-articular device entered into a joint; an extension neck connected to the partial loop; and a handle connected to the extension neck.1. A arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer for to guide and change direction of arthroscopic, intra-articular pins used to drill within a joint, the arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer comprising:
a partial loop formed to capture an intra-articular device entered into a joint; an extension neck connected to the partial loop; and a handle connected to the extension neck. 2. The aimer of claim 1, wherein the partial loop is rigid. 3. The aimer of claim 1, wherein a surface of partial loop in a plane perpendicular to a central axis is flat. 4. The aimer of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the partial loop in a direction of a central axis of the partial loop is less than a diameter or a thickness of the extension neck. 5. The aimer of claim 1, wherein a diameter of an inside of the partial loop is greater than a diameter or a thickness of the extension neck. 6. The aimer of claim 1, wherein the partial loop is structured in a C-shape. 7. The aimer of claim 1, wherein the partial loop is 270 degrees. 8. The aimer of claim 1, wherein an end of the extension neck connects to the partial loop in a manner that the end of the extension neck is perpendicular to a first end of the partial loop. 9. The aimer of claim 1, wherein an end of the extension neck connects to the partial loop in a manner that the end of the extension neck is parallel to a second end of the partial loop. 10. The aimer of claim 1, wherein the partial loop is a single continuous piece forming an arc. 11. A method for manufacturing a arthroscopic intra-articular pin aimer meant to guide and change direction of arthroscopic, intra-articular pins used to drill within a joint, the method comprising:
forming a partial loop to capture an intra-articular devices entered into a joint; connecting an extension neck to the partial loop; and connecting a handle to the extension neck. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial loop is rigid. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein a surface of partial loop in a plane perpendicular to a central axis is flat. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein a thickness of the partial loop in a direction of a central axis of the partial loop is less than a diameter or a thickness of the extension neck. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein a diameter of an inside of the partial loop is greater than a diameter or a thickness of the extension neck. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial loop is structured in a C-shape. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial loop is 270 degrees. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein an end of the extension neck connects to the partial loop in a manner that the end of the extension neck is perpendicular to a first end of the partial loop. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein an end of the extension neck connects to the partial loop in a manner that the end of the extension neck is parallel to a second end of the partial loop. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the partial loop is a single continuous piece forming an arc. | 2,600 |
345,911 | 16,804,333 | 2,684 | A disposable oil filter containment sheath is provided for use during oil changes for combustion engines. The sheath has a closed bottom, a cylindrical sidewall, and an open top. The resilient sheath is rolled to an initial collapsed position for placement on the bottom of an oil filter mounted on the engine, and it is partially unrolled along the filter. The filter can then be loosened to allow oil to drain into the sheath for capturing a reservoir. After the filter is removed from the engine, the sheath is completely unrolled and tied at the top so as to fully enclose and contain the oil filter and oil. The sheath and its contents are then ready for disposal. | 1. A disposable oil filter containment sheath comprising:
a body having a closed bottom, a cylindrical sidewall and an open top; the sidewall being rollable from an initial rolled down position to a rolled-up position; the sidewall being adapted to roll up around an oil filter while the oil filter is installed on an engine and to capture oil from the filter as the filter is removed from the engine. 2. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall has a height greater than the oil filter. 3. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 2 wherein the sidewall is adapted to enclose the filter after the filter is removed from the engine. 4. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall has internal channels to drain oil toward the bottom of the sheath. 5. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 4 wherein the bottom includes a reservoir to capture oil draining down the channels. 6. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall has exterior ribs for gripping. 7. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall is sized to engage the oil filter. 8. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall is stretchable. 9. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall is resilient. 10. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall forms a radially outwardly extending rim around the filter. 11. A single-use container for removing and encasing an oil filter, comprising:
a stretchable, rollable body adapted to be rolled from a collapsed position adjacent a bottom portion of the filter to a partially unrolled position along a sidewall of the filter to a fully unrolled position enclosing the filter. 12. The container of claim 11 wherein the body has external gripping projections. 13. The container of claim 11 wherein the body includes a lower reservoir to hold oil spilled from the filter. 14. The container of claim 11 wherein the body includes internal channels through which spilled oil from the filter flows. 15. The container of claim 11 wherein the body is corrugated for gripping. 16. A method of removing an oil filter of an engine, comprising:
cracking the filter loose; stretching a resilient container over a bottom of the filter; then unrolling a wall of the container toward a top of the filter; then further loosening the filter without detaching the filter from the engine; then allowing oil to drain into the container; then after oil has ceased dripping from the filter, removing the filter from the engine; and then further unrolling the wall of the container to enclose the filter inside the container. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising disposing of the encased oil filter and container. 18. The method of claim 16 further comprising tying the container wall closed above the oil filter. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising maintaining the filter in an upright orientation until the container wall is tied. 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising funneling oil toward a bottom of the container before the oil filter is removed from the engine. | A disposable oil filter containment sheath is provided for use during oil changes for combustion engines. The sheath has a closed bottom, a cylindrical sidewall, and an open top. The resilient sheath is rolled to an initial collapsed position for placement on the bottom of an oil filter mounted on the engine, and it is partially unrolled along the filter. The filter can then be loosened to allow oil to drain into the sheath for capturing a reservoir. After the filter is removed from the engine, the sheath is completely unrolled and tied at the top so as to fully enclose and contain the oil filter and oil. The sheath and its contents are then ready for disposal.1. A disposable oil filter containment sheath comprising:
a body having a closed bottom, a cylindrical sidewall and an open top; the sidewall being rollable from an initial rolled down position to a rolled-up position; the sidewall being adapted to roll up around an oil filter while the oil filter is installed on an engine and to capture oil from the filter as the filter is removed from the engine. 2. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall has a height greater than the oil filter. 3. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 2 wherein the sidewall is adapted to enclose the filter after the filter is removed from the engine. 4. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall has internal channels to drain oil toward the bottom of the sheath. 5. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 4 wherein the bottom includes a reservoir to capture oil draining down the channels. 6. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall has exterior ribs for gripping. 7. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall is sized to engage the oil filter. 8. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall is stretchable. 9. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall is resilient. 10. The disposable oil filter containment sheath of claim 1 wherein the sidewall forms a radially outwardly extending rim around the filter. 11. A single-use container for removing and encasing an oil filter, comprising:
a stretchable, rollable body adapted to be rolled from a collapsed position adjacent a bottom portion of the filter to a partially unrolled position along a sidewall of the filter to a fully unrolled position enclosing the filter. 12. The container of claim 11 wherein the body has external gripping projections. 13. The container of claim 11 wherein the body includes a lower reservoir to hold oil spilled from the filter. 14. The container of claim 11 wherein the body includes internal channels through which spilled oil from the filter flows. 15. The container of claim 11 wherein the body is corrugated for gripping. 16. A method of removing an oil filter of an engine, comprising:
cracking the filter loose; stretching a resilient container over a bottom of the filter; then unrolling a wall of the container toward a top of the filter; then further loosening the filter without detaching the filter from the engine; then allowing oil to drain into the container; then after oil has ceased dripping from the filter, removing the filter from the engine; and then further unrolling the wall of the container to enclose the filter inside the container. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising disposing of the encased oil filter and container. 18. The method of claim 16 further comprising tying the container wall closed above the oil filter. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising maintaining the filter in an upright orientation until the container wall is tied. 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising funneling oil toward a bottom of the container before the oil filter is removed from the engine. | 2,600 |
345,912 | 16,804,363 | 2,684 | A radio frequency heating method includes: cladding an object to be heated by using a surrounding medium, and performing radio frequency heating operation on the object to be heated clad by the surrounding medium, in which the surrounding medium is an alcoholic solution. In the radio frequency heating method according to the embodiments of the present application, by means of using the alcoholic solution as the surrounding medium to clad the object to be heated, heating uniformity of the object to be heated in a radio frequency heating process may be improved, edge corner energy concentration effect in the radio frequency heating process may be fully avoided, and then quality of the object to be heated after heating may be ensured. | 1. A radio frequency heating method, comprising:
cladding an object to be heated by using a surrounding medium; and performing a radio frequency heating operation on the object to be heated clad by the surrounding medium, wherein the surrounding medium is an alcoholic solution. 2. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, before the cladding an object to be heated by using a surrounding medium, further comprising:
cooling the surrounding medium to a preset temperature, wherein a difference between the preset temperature and a temperature of the object to be heated is within a preset range. 3. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, wherein the cladding an object to be heated by using a surrounding medium comprises:
pouring the surrounding medium into a medium container, and putting the object to be heated into the medium container, so that the object to be heated is clad by the surrounding medium. 4. The radio frequency heating method of claim 3, wherein the performing a radio frequency heating operation on the object to be heated clad by the surrounding medium comprises:
performing a heating operation, by a radio frequency heater, on the medium container containing the object to be heated and the surrounding medium. 5. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, wherein a heating rate of the surrounding medium is lower than a heating rate of the object to be heated. 6. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, wherein the surrounding medium is an ethanol solution. 7. The radio frequency heating method of claim 6, wherein a concentration of the ethanol solution is more than 40%. 8. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, wherein the surrounding medium is a glycerol solution. 9. The radio frequency heating method of claim 8, wherein a concentration of the glycerol solution is between 50% and 80%. 10. Theradiofrequency heating method ofclaim 9, wherein the concentration of the glycerol solution is 70%. 11. A radio frequency heating device, comprising a medium container containing a surrounding medium configured to clad an object to be heated and a radio frequency heater configured to heat the medium container by radio frequency, wherein the surrounding medium is an alcoholic solution. 12. The radio frequency heating device of claim 11, further comprising a heat exchanger connected with the medium container and configured to perform a temperature control cycling operation on the surrounding medium in the medium container. 13. The radio frequency heating device of claim 12, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a temperature feedback system configured to monitor temperature data of the surrounding medium and feed the temperature data back to the heat exchanger. 14. The radio frequency heating device of claim 11, wherein the medium container comprises a liquid level sensor located on an inner wall of the medium container and configured to monitor a cladding situation of the surrounding medium on the object to be heated. 15. The radio frequency heating device of claim 14, wherein the medium container further comprises a liquid injector signalling connected with the liquid level sensor, the liquid injector is configured to inject the surrounding medium into the medium container and control an injecting amount of the surrounding medium according to monitoring data of the liquid level sensor. 16. The radio frequency heating device of claim 11, wherein the surrounding medium is an ethanol solution. 17. The radio frequency heating device of claim 16, wherein a concentration of the ethanol solution is more than 40%. 18. The radio frequency heating device of claim 11, wherein the surrounding medium is a glycerol solution. 19. The radio frequency heating device of claim 18, wherein a concentration of the glycerol solution is between 50% and 80%. 20. The radiofrequency heating device of claim 19, wherein the concentration of the glycerol solution is 70%. | A radio frequency heating method includes: cladding an object to be heated by using a surrounding medium, and performing radio frequency heating operation on the object to be heated clad by the surrounding medium, in which the surrounding medium is an alcoholic solution. In the radio frequency heating method according to the embodiments of the present application, by means of using the alcoholic solution as the surrounding medium to clad the object to be heated, heating uniformity of the object to be heated in a radio frequency heating process may be improved, edge corner energy concentration effect in the radio frequency heating process may be fully avoided, and then quality of the object to be heated after heating may be ensured.1. A radio frequency heating method, comprising:
cladding an object to be heated by using a surrounding medium; and performing a radio frequency heating operation on the object to be heated clad by the surrounding medium, wherein the surrounding medium is an alcoholic solution. 2. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, before the cladding an object to be heated by using a surrounding medium, further comprising:
cooling the surrounding medium to a preset temperature, wherein a difference between the preset temperature and a temperature of the object to be heated is within a preset range. 3. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, wherein the cladding an object to be heated by using a surrounding medium comprises:
pouring the surrounding medium into a medium container, and putting the object to be heated into the medium container, so that the object to be heated is clad by the surrounding medium. 4. The radio frequency heating method of claim 3, wherein the performing a radio frequency heating operation on the object to be heated clad by the surrounding medium comprises:
performing a heating operation, by a radio frequency heater, on the medium container containing the object to be heated and the surrounding medium. 5. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, wherein a heating rate of the surrounding medium is lower than a heating rate of the object to be heated. 6. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, wherein the surrounding medium is an ethanol solution. 7. The radio frequency heating method of claim 6, wherein a concentration of the ethanol solution is more than 40%. 8. The radio frequency heating method of claim 1, wherein the surrounding medium is a glycerol solution. 9. The radio frequency heating method of claim 8, wherein a concentration of the glycerol solution is between 50% and 80%. 10. Theradiofrequency heating method ofclaim 9, wherein the concentration of the glycerol solution is 70%. 11. A radio frequency heating device, comprising a medium container containing a surrounding medium configured to clad an object to be heated and a radio frequency heater configured to heat the medium container by radio frequency, wherein the surrounding medium is an alcoholic solution. 12. The radio frequency heating device of claim 11, further comprising a heat exchanger connected with the medium container and configured to perform a temperature control cycling operation on the surrounding medium in the medium container. 13. The radio frequency heating device of claim 12, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a temperature feedback system configured to monitor temperature data of the surrounding medium and feed the temperature data back to the heat exchanger. 14. The radio frequency heating device of claim 11, wherein the medium container comprises a liquid level sensor located on an inner wall of the medium container and configured to monitor a cladding situation of the surrounding medium on the object to be heated. 15. The radio frequency heating device of claim 14, wherein the medium container further comprises a liquid injector signalling connected with the liquid level sensor, the liquid injector is configured to inject the surrounding medium into the medium container and control an injecting amount of the surrounding medium according to monitoring data of the liquid level sensor. 16. The radio frequency heating device of claim 11, wherein the surrounding medium is an ethanol solution. 17. The radio frequency heating device of claim 16, wherein a concentration of the ethanol solution is more than 40%. 18. The radio frequency heating device of claim 11, wherein the surrounding medium is a glycerol solution. 19. The radio frequency heating device of claim 18, wherein a concentration of the glycerol solution is between 50% and 80%. 20. The radiofrequency heating device of claim 19, wherein the concentration of the glycerol solution is 70%. | 2,600 |
345,913 | 16,804,351 | 2,684 | Data surveillance techniques are presented for the detection of security issues, especially of the kind where privileged data may be stolen by steganographic, data manipulation or any form of exfiltration attempts. Such attempts may be made by rogue users or admins from the inside of a network, or from outside hackers who are able to intrude into the network and impersonate themselves as legitimate users. The system and methods use a triangulation process whereby analytical results pertaining to data protocol, user-behavior and packet content are combined to establish a baseline for the data. Subsequent incoming data is then scored and compared against the baseline to detect any security anomalies. The above data surveillance techniques are also applied for detecting intentional or unintentional exfiltration/leak of privileged data/assets between unauthorized users/groups of the organization. Such detection may be performed based on analyzing threat stream data from threat intelligence providers. | 1. A computer-implemented method executing computer program instructions stored in a non-transitory storage medium and comprising the steps of:
(a) analyzing first data of an organization, said first data related to a computer system on a computer network of said organization; (b) analyzing second data from a threat stream; (c) establishing an evolving baseline for said computer system by assigning each packet of said first data and each packet of said second data to a cluster of packets amongst a plurality of clusters of packets; (d) computing an absolute distance between said each packet of said first data and a center of said cluster of said packets, and between said each packet of said second data and a center of said cluster of said packets; (e) scoring, based on its distance from a centroid of said evolving baseline, each packet of said first data; and (f) based on said distance, determining if said each packet of said first data represents an anomaly in said computer network. 2. The method of claim 1 performing said assigning by minimizing an objective function given by a value computed by squaring said absolute distance in said step (d) and summing said value across a plurality of packets of said first data and said second data and further summing said value across said plurality of said clusters of said packets of said first data and said second data. 3. The method of claim 1 applying context triggered piecewise hashing (CTPH) for said scoring in said step (e). 4. The method of claim 1 selecting said computer system as one of a product lifecycle management (PLM) system, an intellectual property (IP) system, a human resources (HR) system, a financial system, a sales system, a marketing system, a planning system, a production system, an operations system, an information technology (IT) security system, a source code control system, a personnel security system, an active file repository system, a workflow management system and a collaboration system. 5. The method of claim 4, with said first data comprising one or more of a portable document format (PDF) file, a document file, a drawing file, a presentation file, a spreadsheet file, an image file, a software code file, an intellectual property file, a text file and a binary file. 6. The method of claim 4, operating said computer system on said computer network at one of internally in said organization and externally in a cloud. 7. The method of claim 1, recording said anomaly in a ledger. 8. The method of claim 1, performing said steps (a) through (f) in a master device of said computer network and communicating said evolving baseline to an agent device of said computer network. 9. The method of claim 1, analyzing a drift of said centroid in accordance with the activities of said organization. 10. The method of claim 1, based on said steps (a) through (f), establishing a context of an event in said organization. 11. The method of claim 1, based on said context, taking an action in a “kill chain” of said event. 12. A data surveillance system including computer-readable instructions stored in a non-transitory storage media and at least one microprocessor coupled to said storage media for executing said computer-readable instructions, said at least one microprocessor configured to:
(a) analyze first data of an organization, said first data related to a computer system connected to a computer network of said organization; (b) analyze second data from a threat stream; (c) establish a rolling baseline of said computer system by assigning each packet of said first data and each packet of said second data, to a cluster of packets amongst a plurality of clusters of packets; (d) compute an absolute distance between said each packet of said first data and a center of said cluster of said packets, and between said each packet of said second data and a center of said cluster of said packets; (e) score, based on its distance from a centroid of said rolling baseline, each packet of said first data; and (f) based on said score, determine if said each packet of said first data represents an anomaly in said computer network. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said assigning is done by minimizing an objective function given by a value computed by squaring said absolute distance of said element (d) and then summing said value across a plurality of packets of said first data and said second data and further summing said value across said plurality of said clusters of said packets of said first data and said second data. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein context triggered piecewise hashing (CTPH) is used to compute said score of said each packet of said second data. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein said computer system is one of a product lifecycle management (PLM) system, an intellectual property (IP) system, a human resources (HR) system, a financial system, a sales system, a marketing system, a planning system, a production system, an operations system, an information technology (IT) security system, a source code control system, a personnel security system, an active file repository system, a workflow management system and a collaboration system. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein said first data comprises one or more of a portable document format (PDF) file, a document file, a drawing file, a presentation file, a spreadsheet file, an image file, a software code file, an intellectual property file, a text file and a binary file. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein one or more users of said computer system belong to a partner of said organization. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein said anomaly is recorded in a ledger. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein said at least one microprocessor belongs to a master device of said computer network, and wherein said master device communicates said rolling baseline to an agent device of said computer network. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein said at least one microprocessor is further configured to analyze a drift of said centroid in accordance with the activities of said organization. | Data surveillance techniques are presented for the detection of security issues, especially of the kind where privileged data may be stolen by steganographic, data manipulation or any form of exfiltration attempts. Such attempts may be made by rogue users or admins from the inside of a network, or from outside hackers who are able to intrude into the network and impersonate themselves as legitimate users. The system and methods use a triangulation process whereby analytical results pertaining to data protocol, user-behavior and packet content are combined to establish a baseline for the data. Subsequent incoming data is then scored and compared against the baseline to detect any security anomalies. The above data surveillance techniques are also applied for detecting intentional or unintentional exfiltration/leak of privileged data/assets between unauthorized users/groups of the organization. Such detection may be performed based on analyzing threat stream data from threat intelligence providers.1. A computer-implemented method executing computer program instructions stored in a non-transitory storage medium and comprising the steps of:
(a) analyzing first data of an organization, said first data related to a computer system on a computer network of said organization; (b) analyzing second data from a threat stream; (c) establishing an evolving baseline for said computer system by assigning each packet of said first data and each packet of said second data to a cluster of packets amongst a plurality of clusters of packets; (d) computing an absolute distance between said each packet of said first data and a center of said cluster of said packets, and between said each packet of said second data and a center of said cluster of said packets; (e) scoring, based on its distance from a centroid of said evolving baseline, each packet of said first data; and (f) based on said distance, determining if said each packet of said first data represents an anomaly in said computer network. 2. The method of claim 1 performing said assigning by minimizing an objective function given by a value computed by squaring said absolute distance in said step (d) and summing said value across a plurality of packets of said first data and said second data and further summing said value across said plurality of said clusters of said packets of said first data and said second data. 3. The method of claim 1 applying context triggered piecewise hashing (CTPH) for said scoring in said step (e). 4. The method of claim 1 selecting said computer system as one of a product lifecycle management (PLM) system, an intellectual property (IP) system, a human resources (HR) system, a financial system, a sales system, a marketing system, a planning system, a production system, an operations system, an information technology (IT) security system, a source code control system, a personnel security system, an active file repository system, a workflow management system and a collaboration system. 5. The method of claim 4, with said first data comprising one or more of a portable document format (PDF) file, a document file, a drawing file, a presentation file, a spreadsheet file, an image file, a software code file, an intellectual property file, a text file and a binary file. 6. The method of claim 4, operating said computer system on said computer network at one of internally in said organization and externally in a cloud. 7. The method of claim 1, recording said anomaly in a ledger. 8. The method of claim 1, performing said steps (a) through (f) in a master device of said computer network and communicating said evolving baseline to an agent device of said computer network. 9. The method of claim 1, analyzing a drift of said centroid in accordance with the activities of said organization. 10. The method of claim 1, based on said steps (a) through (f), establishing a context of an event in said organization. 11. The method of claim 1, based on said context, taking an action in a “kill chain” of said event. 12. A data surveillance system including computer-readable instructions stored in a non-transitory storage media and at least one microprocessor coupled to said storage media for executing said computer-readable instructions, said at least one microprocessor configured to:
(a) analyze first data of an organization, said first data related to a computer system connected to a computer network of said organization; (b) analyze second data from a threat stream; (c) establish a rolling baseline of said computer system by assigning each packet of said first data and each packet of said second data, to a cluster of packets amongst a plurality of clusters of packets; (d) compute an absolute distance between said each packet of said first data and a center of said cluster of said packets, and between said each packet of said second data and a center of said cluster of said packets; (e) score, based on its distance from a centroid of said rolling baseline, each packet of said first data; and (f) based on said score, determine if said each packet of said first data represents an anomaly in said computer network. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said assigning is done by minimizing an objective function given by a value computed by squaring said absolute distance of said element (d) and then summing said value across a plurality of packets of said first data and said second data and further summing said value across said plurality of said clusters of said packets of said first data and said second data. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein context triggered piecewise hashing (CTPH) is used to compute said score of said each packet of said second data. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein said computer system is one of a product lifecycle management (PLM) system, an intellectual property (IP) system, a human resources (HR) system, a financial system, a sales system, a marketing system, a planning system, a production system, an operations system, an information technology (IT) security system, a source code control system, a personnel security system, an active file repository system, a workflow management system and a collaboration system. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein said first data comprises one or more of a portable document format (PDF) file, a document file, a drawing file, a presentation file, a spreadsheet file, an image file, a software code file, an intellectual property file, a text file and a binary file. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein one or more users of said computer system belong to a partner of said organization. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein said anomaly is recorded in a ledger. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein said at least one microprocessor belongs to a master device of said computer network, and wherein said master device communicates said rolling baseline to an agent device of said computer network. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein said at least one microprocessor is further configured to analyze a drift of said centroid in accordance with the activities of said organization. | 2,600 |
345,914 | 16,804,341 | 2,684 | A structured illumination microscope includes a spatial light modulator containing ferroelectric liquid crystals, an interference optical system for illuminating a specimen with an interference fringe generated by making lights from the spatial light modulator interfere with each other, a controller for applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the ferroelectric liquid crystals, an image forming optical system for forming an image of the specimen, which has been irradiated with the interference fringe, an imaging element for generating an image by imaging the image formed by the image forming optical system, and a demodulating part for generating a demodulated image using a plurality of images, wherein the controller applies an image generation voltage pattern for generating the demodulated images and a burn-in prevention voltage pattern calculated based on the image generation voltage pattern to the ferroelectric liquid crystals. | 1. A structured illumination microscope comprising:
a spatial light modulator; an illumination optical system for illuminating a specimen with illumination light from the spatial light modulator; a controller for applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the spatial light modulator; an image forming optical system for forming a first image of the specimen; an imaging element for generating a second image by imaging the first image formed by the image forming optical system; and a demodulating part for generating a demodulated image using a plurality of the second images, wherein the controller
applies, in a first period, plural image generation voltage patterns for generating plural of the demodulated images, and
applies, in a second period different from the first period, a burn-in prevention voltage pattern for preventing burn-in generated by the plural image generation voltage patterns, and
a number of times the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is applied is less than a number of times the plural image generation voltage patterns are applied. 2. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is not used for generating the demodulated image. 3. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the illumination optical system illuminates the specimen with an interference fringe, and the controller
applies the plural image generation voltage patterns in a predetermined sequence to change a phase and a direction of the interference fringe, and
applies the burn-in prevention voltage pattern before and after the change in direction of the interference fringe. 4. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the controller applies the burn-in prevention voltage pattern after changing the direction of the interference fringe at least twice. 5. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is calculated based on a reverse voltage of a sum voltage pattern, which is obtained by summing the plural image generation voltage patterns. 6. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the spatial light modulator includes a first substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second substrate opposing the first substrate, and liquid crystals positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the controller applies the voltage pattern to the spatial light modulator via the pixel electrodes. 7. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 6, wherein
the liquid crystals are ferroelectric liquid crystals. 8. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the image generation voltage patterns are composed of a first voltage value having a positive electric potential and a second voltage value having a negative electric potential with the same absolute value as the first voltage value. 9. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the controller applies the burn-in prevention voltage pattern once after applying the plural image generation voltage patterns. 10. A structured illumination method comprising:
(a) illuminating a specimen with illumination light from a spatial light modulator; (b) applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the spatial light modulator; (c) forming a first image of the specimen; (d) generating a second image by imaging the first image formed in (c); and (e) generating a demodulated image using a plurality of the second images, wherein in (b), plural image generation voltage patterns for generating plural of the demodulated images are applied in a first period, a burn-in prevention voltage pattern for preventing burn-in generated by the plural image generation voltage patterns is applied in a second period different from the first period, and a number of times the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is applied is less than a number of times the plural image generation voltage patterns are applied. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the steps of:
(a) illuminating a specimen with illumination light from a spatial light modulator; (b) applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the spatial light modulator; (c) forming a first image of the specimen; (d) generating a second image by imaging the first image formed in (c); and (e) generating a demodulated image using a plurality of the second images, wherein in (b), plural image generation voltage patterns for generating plural of the demodulated images are applied in a first period, a burn-in prevention voltage pattern for preventing burn-in generated by the plural image generation voltage patterns is applied in a second period different from the first period, and a number of times the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is applied is less than a number of times the plural image generation voltage patterns are applied. | A structured illumination microscope includes a spatial light modulator containing ferroelectric liquid crystals, an interference optical system for illuminating a specimen with an interference fringe generated by making lights from the spatial light modulator interfere with each other, a controller for applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the ferroelectric liquid crystals, an image forming optical system for forming an image of the specimen, which has been irradiated with the interference fringe, an imaging element for generating an image by imaging the image formed by the image forming optical system, and a demodulating part for generating a demodulated image using a plurality of images, wherein the controller applies an image generation voltage pattern for generating the demodulated images and a burn-in prevention voltage pattern calculated based on the image generation voltage pattern to the ferroelectric liquid crystals.1. A structured illumination microscope comprising:
a spatial light modulator; an illumination optical system for illuminating a specimen with illumination light from the spatial light modulator; a controller for applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the spatial light modulator; an image forming optical system for forming a first image of the specimen; an imaging element for generating a second image by imaging the first image formed by the image forming optical system; and a demodulating part for generating a demodulated image using a plurality of the second images, wherein the controller
applies, in a first period, plural image generation voltage patterns for generating plural of the demodulated images, and
applies, in a second period different from the first period, a burn-in prevention voltage pattern for preventing burn-in generated by the plural image generation voltage patterns, and
a number of times the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is applied is less than a number of times the plural image generation voltage patterns are applied. 2. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is not used for generating the demodulated image. 3. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the illumination optical system illuminates the specimen with an interference fringe, and the controller
applies the plural image generation voltage patterns in a predetermined sequence to change a phase and a direction of the interference fringe, and
applies the burn-in prevention voltage pattern before and after the change in direction of the interference fringe. 4. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the controller applies the burn-in prevention voltage pattern after changing the direction of the interference fringe at least twice. 5. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is calculated based on a reverse voltage of a sum voltage pattern, which is obtained by summing the plural image generation voltage patterns. 6. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the spatial light modulator includes a first substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second substrate opposing the first substrate, and liquid crystals positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the controller applies the voltage pattern to the spatial light modulator via the pixel electrodes. 7. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 6, wherein
the liquid crystals are ferroelectric liquid crystals. 8. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the image generation voltage patterns are composed of a first voltage value having a positive electric potential and a second voltage value having a negative electric potential with the same absolute value as the first voltage value. 9. The structured illumination microscope according to claim 1, wherein
the controller applies the burn-in prevention voltage pattern once after applying the plural image generation voltage patterns. 10. A structured illumination method comprising:
(a) illuminating a specimen with illumination light from a spatial light modulator; (b) applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the spatial light modulator; (c) forming a first image of the specimen; (d) generating a second image by imaging the first image formed in (c); and (e) generating a demodulated image using a plurality of the second images, wherein in (b), plural image generation voltage patterns for generating plural of the demodulated images are applied in a first period, a burn-in prevention voltage pattern for preventing burn-in generated by the plural image generation voltage patterns is applied in a second period different from the first period, and a number of times the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is applied is less than a number of times the plural image generation voltage patterns are applied. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the steps of:
(a) illuminating a specimen with illumination light from a spatial light modulator; (b) applying a voltage pattern having a predetermined voltage value distribution to the spatial light modulator; (c) forming a first image of the specimen; (d) generating a second image by imaging the first image formed in (c); and (e) generating a demodulated image using a plurality of the second images, wherein in (b), plural image generation voltage patterns for generating plural of the demodulated images are applied in a first period, a burn-in prevention voltage pattern for preventing burn-in generated by the plural image generation voltage patterns is applied in a second period different from the first period, and a number of times the burn-in prevention voltage pattern is applied is less than a number of times the plural image generation voltage patterns are applied. | 2,600 |
345,915 | 16,804,315 | 2,486 | Techniques for improving the quality of images captured by a remote sensing overhead platform such as a satellite. Sensor shifting is employed in an open-loop fashion to compensate for relative motion of the remote sensing overhead platform to the Earth. Control signals are generated for the sensor shift mechanism by an orbital motion compensation calculation that uses the predicted ephemeris (including orbit dynamics) and image geometry (overhead platform to target). Optionally, the calculation may use attitude and rate errors that are determined from on-board sensors. | 1. A remote sensing overhead platform for imaging an area below the platform, comprising:
a remote sensing overhead platform body; an image sensor positioned on the remote sensing overhead platform body so that the image sensor can be moved relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body in response to control signals; and a controller that provides the control signals to the image sensor for movement relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body, wherein the control signals are based on movement of the remote sensing overhead platform body relative to the area below to be imaged. 2. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the remote sensing overhead platform is an orbital satellite. 3. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is movable in a first plane relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body. 4. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels. 5. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on image correlation. 6. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the control signals are not based on image correlation. 7. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on any captured image. 8. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the control signals are not based on any captured image. 9. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the image sensor captures an image and wherein the control signals are based on predicted orbital motion and the location of the image relative to the remote sensing overhead platform. 10. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels and wherein the image sensor is moved so as to compensate for motion of the remote sensing overhead platform for at least 15 ms. 11. An image sensor system carried by a remote sensing overhead platform for imaging an area below the platform, the image sensor system comprising:
an image sensor positioned on the remote sensing overhead platform body so that the image sensor can be moved relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body in response to control signals; and a controller that provides the control signals to the image sensor for movement relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body, wherein the control signals are based on movement of the remote sensing overhead platform body relative to the area below to be imaged. 12. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the image sensor is movable in a first plane relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body. 13. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels. 14. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on image correlation. 15. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the control signals are not based on image correlation. 16. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on any captured image. 17. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the control signals are not based on any captured image. 18. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the image sensor captures an image and wherein the control signals are based on predicted orbital motion and the location of the image relative to the remote sensing overhead platform. 19. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels and wherein the image sensor is moved so as to compensate for motion of the remote sensing overhead platform for at least 15 ms. 20. A remote sensing overhead platform for imaging an area below the platform, comprising:
a remote sensing overhead platform body; an image sensor positioned on the remote sensing overhead platform body so that the image sensor can be moved relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body in response to control signals, wherein the image sensor is movable in a first plane relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels; and a controller that provides the control signals to the image sensor for movement relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body, wherein the control signals are based on movement of the remote sensing overhead platform body relative to the area below to be imaged, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on image correlation; wherein the image sensor captures an image and wherein the control signals are based on predicted orbital motion and the location of the image relative to the remote sensing overhead platform. 21. (canceled) | Techniques for improving the quality of images captured by a remote sensing overhead platform such as a satellite. Sensor shifting is employed in an open-loop fashion to compensate for relative motion of the remote sensing overhead platform to the Earth. Control signals are generated for the sensor shift mechanism by an orbital motion compensation calculation that uses the predicted ephemeris (including orbit dynamics) and image geometry (overhead platform to target). Optionally, the calculation may use attitude and rate errors that are determined from on-board sensors.1. A remote sensing overhead platform for imaging an area below the platform, comprising:
a remote sensing overhead platform body; an image sensor positioned on the remote sensing overhead platform body so that the image sensor can be moved relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body in response to control signals; and a controller that provides the control signals to the image sensor for movement relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body, wherein the control signals are based on movement of the remote sensing overhead platform body relative to the area below to be imaged. 2. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the remote sensing overhead platform is an orbital satellite. 3. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is movable in a first plane relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body. 4. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels. 5. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on image correlation. 6. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the control signals are not based on image correlation. 7. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on any captured image. 8. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the control signals are not based on any captured image. 9. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the image sensor captures an image and wherein the control signals are based on predicted orbital motion and the location of the image relative to the remote sensing overhead platform. 10. A remote sensing overhead platform as defined in claim 1, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels and wherein the image sensor is moved so as to compensate for motion of the remote sensing overhead platform for at least 15 ms. 11. An image sensor system carried by a remote sensing overhead platform for imaging an area below the platform, the image sensor system comprising:
an image sensor positioned on the remote sensing overhead platform body so that the image sensor can be moved relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body in response to control signals; and a controller that provides the control signals to the image sensor for movement relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body, wherein the control signals are based on movement of the remote sensing overhead platform body relative to the area below to be imaged. 12. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the image sensor is movable in a first plane relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body. 13. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels. 14. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on image correlation. 15. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the control signals are not based on image correlation. 16. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on any captured image. 17. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the control signals are not based on any captured image. 18. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the image sensor captures an image and wherein the control signals are based on predicted orbital motion and the location of the image relative to the remote sensing overhead platform. 19. An image sensor system as defined in claim 11, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels and wherein the image sensor is moved so as to compensate for motion of the remote sensing overhead platform for at least 15 ms. 20. A remote sensing overhead platform for imaging an area below the platform, comprising:
a remote sensing overhead platform body; an image sensor positioned on the remote sensing overhead platform body so that the image sensor can be moved relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body in response to control signals, wherein the image sensor is movable in a first plane relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body, wherein the image sensor is an area array image sensor having a number of rows of pixels that is at least one-tenth of the number of pixels in each row of pixels; and a controller that provides the control signals to the image sensor for movement relative to the remote sensing overhead platform body, wherein the control signals are based on movement of the remote sensing overhead platform body relative to the area below to be imaged, wherein the control signals are entirely free of being based on image correlation; wherein the image sensor captures an image and wherein the control signals are based on predicted orbital motion and the location of the image relative to the remote sensing overhead platform. 21. (canceled) | 2,400 |
345,916 | 16,804,324 | 2,486 | In one embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method for impedance matching including a) positioning a matching network between a radio frequency (RF) source and a plasma chamber; b) determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and c) sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration. The control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. | 1. A method for impedance matching comprising:
a) positioning a matching network between a radio frequency (RF) source and a plasma chamber, wherein:
the RF source is configured to provide at least two repeating, non-zero pulse levels, the at least two pulse levels comprising a first pulse level and a second pulse level;
the plasma chamber has a variable impedance; and
the matching network comprises at least one electronically variable capacitor (EVC) configured to switch between a plurality of match configurations for reducing a reflected power at an output of the RF source as the variable impedance of the plasma chamber changes;
b) determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and c) sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration, wherein the control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising repeating steps b) and c) for a subsequent expected pulse level change. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising measuring a duration for each of the pulse levels, and determining the time for the expected pulse level change based on the measured durations for each of the pulse levels. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving from the RF source or from a semiconductor processing tool (a) the durations of each of the at least two pulse levels and (b) a start time for one of the at least two pulse levels; and
determining the time for the expected pulse level change based on the received durations;
wherein the matching network and the plasma chamber form part of the semiconductor processing tool. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a value of the second pulse level and a measured parameter related to the plasma chamber. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the measured parameter value is at least one of a voltage, a current, or a phase at an input of the matching network. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a parameter-related value and a previously-determined parameter-related value. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a load impedance value, which is determined based on an input impedance value at the input of the matching network or a reflection coefficient, which is determined based on the measured parameter value. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the load impedance value is determined using a parameter matrix. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein each EVC of the at least one EVC comprises discrete capacitors configured to switch in and out to vary a capacitance of the EVC and thereby provide the plurality of match configurations. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least two pulse levels comprise a third pulse level. 12. An impedance matching network comprising:
an RF input configured to operably couple to a radio frequency (RF) source, the RF source configured to provide at least two repeating, non-zero pulse levels, the at least two pulse levels comprising a first pulse level and a second pulse level; an RF output configured to operably couple to a plasma chamber having a variable impedance; at least one electronically variable capacitor (EVC) configured to switch between a plurality of match configurations for reducing a reflected power at an output of the RF source as the variable impedance of the plasma chamber changes; and a control circuit configured to carry out the operations of:
determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and
sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration, wherein the control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. 13. The matching network of claim 12 wherein the control circuit is further configured to repeat its operations for a subsequent expected pulse level change. 14. The matching network of claim 12 wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine the time for the expected pulse level change based on measured durations for each of the pulse levels. 15. The matching network of claim 12 wherein the control circuit is further configured to perform the operations of:
receiving from the RF source or from a semiconductor processing tool (a) the durations of each of the at least two pulse levels and (b) a start time for one of the at least two pulse levels; and
determining the time for the expected pulse level change based on the received durations;
wherein the matching network and the plasma chamber form part of the semiconductor processing tool. 16. The matching network of claim 12 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a value of the second pulse level and a measured parameter related to the plasma chamber. 17. The matching network of claim 16 wherein the measured parameter value is at least one of a voltage, a current, or a phase at an input of the matching network. 18. The matching network of claim 17 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a parameter-related value and a previously-determined parameter-related value. 19-22. (canceled) 23. A semiconductor processing tool comprising:
a plasma chamber having a variable impedance and configured to deposit a material onto a substrate or etch a material from a substrate; and an impedance matching network operably coupled to the plasma chamber, the matching network comprising:
an RF input configured to operably couple to a radio frequency (RF) source, the RF source configured to provide at least two repeating, non-zero pulse levels, the at least two pulse levels comprising a first pulse level and a second pulse level;
an RF output configured to operably couple to the plasma chamber;
at least one electronically variable capacitor (EVC) configured to switch between a plurality of match configurations for reducing a reflected power at an output of the RF source as the variable impedance of the plasma chamber changes; and
a control circuit configured to carry out the operations of:
determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and
sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration, wherein the control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. 24. (canceled) 25. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor, the method comprising:
placing a substrate in a plasma chamber configured to deposit a material layer onto the substrate or etch a material layer from the substrate; coupling an impedance matching network between an RF source and the plasma chamber, wherein:
the RF source is configured to provide at least two repeating, non-zero pulse levels, the at least two pulse levels comprising a first pulse level and a second pulse level;
the plasma chamber has a variable impedance; and
the matching network comprises at least one electronically variable capacitor (EVC) configured to switch between a plurality of match configurations for reducing a reflected power at an output of the RF source as the variable impedance of the plasma chamber changes; and
performing impedance matching by:
determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and
sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration, wherein the control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. 26-93. (canceled) | In one embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method for impedance matching including a) positioning a matching network between a radio frequency (RF) source and a plasma chamber; b) determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and c) sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration. The control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations.1. A method for impedance matching comprising:
a) positioning a matching network between a radio frequency (RF) source and a plasma chamber, wherein:
the RF source is configured to provide at least two repeating, non-zero pulse levels, the at least two pulse levels comprising a first pulse level and a second pulse level;
the plasma chamber has a variable impedance; and
the matching network comprises at least one electronically variable capacitor (EVC) configured to switch between a plurality of match configurations for reducing a reflected power at an output of the RF source as the variable impedance of the plasma chamber changes;
b) determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and c) sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration, wherein the control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising repeating steps b) and c) for a subsequent expected pulse level change. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising measuring a duration for each of the pulse levels, and determining the time for the expected pulse level change based on the measured durations for each of the pulse levels. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving from the RF source or from a semiconductor processing tool (a) the durations of each of the at least two pulse levels and (b) a start time for one of the at least two pulse levels; and
determining the time for the expected pulse level change based on the received durations;
wherein the matching network and the plasma chamber form part of the semiconductor processing tool. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a value of the second pulse level and a measured parameter related to the plasma chamber. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the measured parameter value is at least one of a voltage, a current, or a phase at an input of the matching network. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a parameter-related value and a previously-determined parameter-related value. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a load impedance value, which is determined based on an input impedance value at the input of the matching network or a reflection coefficient, which is determined based on the measured parameter value. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the load impedance value is determined using a parameter matrix. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein each EVC of the at least one EVC comprises discrete capacitors configured to switch in and out to vary a capacitance of the EVC and thereby provide the plurality of match configurations. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least two pulse levels comprise a third pulse level. 12. An impedance matching network comprising:
an RF input configured to operably couple to a radio frequency (RF) source, the RF source configured to provide at least two repeating, non-zero pulse levels, the at least two pulse levels comprising a first pulse level and a second pulse level; an RF output configured to operably couple to a plasma chamber having a variable impedance; at least one electronically variable capacitor (EVC) configured to switch between a plurality of match configurations for reducing a reflected power at an output of the RF source as the variable impedance of the plasma chamber changes; and a control circuit configured to carry out the operations of:
determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and
sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration, wherein the control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. 13. The matching network of claim 12 wherein the control circuit is further configured to repeat its operations for a subsequent expected pulse level change. 14. The matching network of claim 12 wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine the time for the expected pulse level change based on measured durations for each of the pulse levels. 15. The matching network of claim 12 wherein the control circuit is further configured to perform the operations of:
receiving from the RF source or from a semiconductor processing tool (a) the durations of each of the at least two pulse levels and (b) a start time for one of the at least two pulse levels; and
determining the time for the expected pulse level change based on the received durations;
wherein the matching network and the plasma chamber form part of the semiconductor processing tool. 16. The matching network of claim 12 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a value of the second pulse level and a measured parameter related to the plasma chamber. 17. The matching network of claim 16 wherein the measured parameter value is at least one of a voltage, a current, or a phase at an input of the matching network. 18. The matching network of claim 17 wherein the determination of the new match configuration is based on a parameter-related value and a previously-determined parameter-related value. 19-22. (canceled) 23. A semiconductor processing tool comprising:
a plasma chamber having a variable impedance and configured to deposit a material onto a substrate or etch a material from a substrate; and an impedance matching network operably coupled to the plasma chamber, the matching network comprising:
an RF input configured to operably couple to a radio frequency (RF) source, the RF source configured to provide at least two repeating, non-zero pulse levels, the at least two pulse levels comprising a first pulse level and a second pulse level;
an RF output configured to operably couple to the plasma chamber;
at least one electronically variable capacitor (EVC) configured to switch between a plurality of match configurations for reducing a reflected power at an output of the RF source as the variable impedance of the plasma chamber changes; and
a control circuit configured to carry out the operations of:
determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and
sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration, wherein the control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. 24. (canceled) 25. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor, the method comprising:
placing a substrate in a plasma chamber configured to deposit a material layer onto the substrate or etch a material layer from the substrate; coupling an impedance matching network between an RF source and the plasma chamber, wherein:
the RF source is configured to provide at least two repeating, non-zero pulse levels, the at least two pulse levels comprising a first pulse level and a second pulse level;
the plasma chamber has a variable impedance; and
the matching network comprises at least one electronically variable capacitor (EVC) configured to switch between a plurality of match configurations for reducing a reflected power at an output of the RF source as the variable impedance of the plasma chamber changes; and
performing impedance matching by:
determining, from among the plurality of match configurations, a new match configuration to be used when there is an expected pulse level change from a first of the pulse levels to a second of the pulse levels; and
sending a control signal to alter the at least one EVC to provide the new match configuration, wherein the control signal is sent a predetermined time period before a time for the expected pulse level change, the predetermined time period being substantially similar to a time period for the EVC to switch between two match configurations of the plurality of match configurations. 26-93. (canceled) | 2,400 |
345,917 | 16,804,311 | 2,486 | A converting line includes a rewinding machine for winding web material into a log. For time points during a time period of the log wind cycle, predictive information representative of a log to be wound is generated and stored in a memory of a control of the rewinding machine. An image capture device is enabled to capture a plurality of images of the log being wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period. Log image capture information is generated based upon the plurality of captured images and corresponding time points during the time period. The log image capture information is compared with the generated predictive log image information to determine a difference in log image. Revised predictive log image information is generated based at least in part upon a difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image information. | 1. A method of controlling a converting line, wherein the converting line includes a rewinding machine configured to wind a log of convolutely wound web material in a winding nest of the rewinding machine, the method comprising:
for a time period during a wind cycle, generating predictive information representative of and related to an image of a log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive log image related information comprises information corresponding to at least one of: (a) a plurality of positions of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, (b) a plurality of geometries of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, (c) a plurality of diameters of a log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, (d) a plurality of vibration frequencies of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, and (e) a plurality of vibration amplitudes of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; storing a plurality of data structures in a memory of a controller of a control system associated with the rewinding machine, wherein the data structures comprise a plurality of data items associated together that are representative of the generated predictive log image related information; enabling an image capture device to capture a plurality of images of a log being wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; generating log image capture information based upon the plurality of captured images and corresponding time points during the time period, wherein the log image capture information includes at least one of captured log position information, captured log geometry information, captured log diameter information, captured log vibration frequency information, and captured log vibration amplitude information; comparing the log image capture information with the generated predictive log image related information to determine a difference in log image; generating revised predictive log image related information based at least in part upon a difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information; and enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log image related information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of a caliper of the web material of the log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive web caliper information comprises a plurality of measurements of web caliper of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive web caliper information;
measuring web caliper to generate measured web caliper information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured web caliper information with the generated predictive web caliper information to determine a difference in web caliper;
generating revised predictive log web caliper information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured web caliper information relative to predictive web caliper information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive web caliper information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of an amount of the web material to be wound around the log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive wound web amount information comprises a plurality of measurements of amounts of the web to be wound around the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive wound web amount information;
measuring amounts of web wound around the log to generate measured wound web amount information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured wound web amount information with the generated predictive wound web amount information to determine a difference in wound web amount;
generating revised predictive wound web amount information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured wound web amount information relative to predictive wound web amount information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive wound web amount information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of a speed of the web material of the log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive web speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of web speed for the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive web speed information;
measuring web speed to generate measured web speed information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured web speed information with the generated predictive web speed information to determine a difference in web speed;
generating revised predictive web speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured web speed information relative to predictive web speed information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive web speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of a rotational speed of a log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive log rotational speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of rotational speed of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive log rotational speed information;
measuring log rotational speed to generate measured log rotational speed information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured log rotational speed with the generated predictive log rotational speed information to determine a difference in log rotational speed;
generating revised predictive log rotational speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured log rotational speed information relative to predictive log rotational speed information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log rotational speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of a rotational speed of a core of a log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive log core rotational speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of rotational speed of the core of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive log core rotational speed information;
measuring log core rotational speed to generate measured log core rotational speed information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured log core rotational speed with the generated predictive log core rotational speed information to determine a difference in log core rotational speed;
generating revised predictive log core rotational speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured log core rotational speed information relative to predictive log core rotational speed information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log core rotational speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the step of storing the plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line includes data structures associated with manufacturing of the web material to be wound around the log; and
the step of enabling the control includes enabling the control to send signals to equipment in the converting line to make adjustments to operation of the converting line equipment based at least in part upon the data structures associated with the manufacturing of the web material. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the step of storing the plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller of the control system includes data structures representative of log image capture information during the time period from other logs previously processed in the converting line; and
the step of enabling the control includes enabling the control to send signals to equipment in the converting line to make adjustments to operation of the converting line equipment based at least in part upon the data structures representative of the log image capture information during the time period from other logs previously processed in the converting line. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive lifecycle information for at least one component of the converting line; and generating revised predictive lifecycle information for at least one component of the converting line based at least in part upon the difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive maintenance information for at least one component of the converting line; and generating revised predictive maintenance information for at least one component of the converting line based at least in part upon the difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information. 11. A control system for a converting line, the control system comprising:
at least one image capture device adapted and configured to capture images of a log being convolutely wound with web material in a winding nest of a rewinding machine at a plurality of time points during a time period; a controller including a processor and memory, the controller being adapted and configured to: (i) process predictive information representative of and related to an image of a log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of time points during the time period wherein the predictive information comprises information corresponding to at least one of:
(a) a plurality of positions of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period,
(b) a plurality of geometries of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period,
(c) a plurality of diameters of a log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period,
(d) a plurality of vibration frequencies of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, and
(e) a plurality of vibration amplitudes of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
(ii) store a plurality of data structures in a memory of a controller of a control system associated with the rewinding machine, wherein the data structures comprise a plurality of data items associated together that are representative of the generated predictive image related information; (iii) receive from the image capture device information representative of the log being wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (iv) generate log image capture information from the information received from the image capture device based upon the captured images and the plurality of time points during the time period, wherein the log image capture information includes at least one of captured log position information, captured log geometry information, captured log diameter information, captured log vibration frequency information, and captured log vibration amplitude information; (v) compare the log image capture information with the generated predictive log image related information to determine a difference in log image; (vi) generate revised predictive log image related information based at least in part upon a difference in the log capture image information relative to predictive log image related information; and (vii) enable the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log image related information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 12. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to a caliper of the web to be wound around the log, wherein the predictive web caliper information comprises a plurality of measurements of web caliper of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include the predictive caliper information; (x) determine a caliper of the web being wound around the log at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the caliper determination to the predictive caliper information to determine a difference in caliper; and (xii) generate revised predictive web caliper information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured web caliper information relative to predictive web caliper information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive web caliper information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 13. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to an amount of the web material to be wound around the log to be wound wherein the predictive wound web amount comprises a plurality of measurements of amounts of the web to be wound around the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of the predictive wound web amount information; (x) determine an amount of the web material being wound around the log at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the determined wound web amount to the predictive wound web amount information to determine a difference in wound web amount; (xii) generate revised predictive wound web amount information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured wound web amount information relative to predictive wound web amount information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive wound web information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 14. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to a speed of the web material to be wound around the log to be wound wherein the predictive web speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of speed of the web to be wound around the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of the predictive web speed information; (x) determine a web speed at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the determined web speed to the predictive web speed information to determine a difference in web speed; (xii) generate revised predictive web speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured web speed information relative to predictive web speed information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive web speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 15. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to an rotational speed of the log to be wound wherein the predictive log rotational speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of rotational speed of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of the predictive log rotational speed information; (x) determine a log rotational speed at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the determined log rotational speed to the predictive log rotational speed information to determine a difference in log rotational speed; (xii) generate revised predictive log rotational speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured log rotational speed information relative to predictive log rotational speed information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log rotational speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 16. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to an rotational speed of a core of the log to be wound wherein the predictive log core rotational speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of rotational speed of the core of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of the predictive log core rotational speed information; (x) determine a log core rotational speed at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the determined log core rotational speed to the predictive log core rotational speed information to determine a difference in log core rotational speed; (xii) generate revised predictive log core rotational speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured log core rotational speed information relative to predictive log core rotational speed information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log core rotational speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 17. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured abled to: (viii) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of manufacturing of the web material; and (ix) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the data structures associated with the manufacturing of the web material. 18. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of log image capture information during the time period of other logs previously processed in the converting line; and (ix) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the data structures associated with the log image capture information from other logs previously processed in the converting line. 19. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) generate predictive lifecycle information for at least one component of the converting line; and (ix) generate revised predictive lifecycle information for at least one component of the converting line based at least in part upon the difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information. 20. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) generate predictive maintenance information for at least one component of the converting line; and (ix) generate revised predictive maintenance information for at least one component of the converting line based at least in part upon the difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information. | A converting line includes a rewinding machine for winding web material into a log. For time points during a time period of the log wind cycle, predictive information representative of a log to be wound is generated and stored in a memory of a control of the rewinding machine. An image capture device is enabled to capture a plurality of images of the log being wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period. Log image capture information is generated based upon the plurality of captured images and corresponding time points during the time period. The log image capture information is compared with the generated predictive log image information to determine a difference in log image. Revised predictive log image information is generated based at least in part upon a difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image information.1. A method of controlling a converting line, wherein the converting line includes a rewinding machine configured to wind a log of convolutely wound web material in a winding nest of the rewinding machine, the method comprising:
for a time period during a wind cycle, generating predictive information representative of and related to an image of a log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive log image related information comprises information corresponding to at least one of: (a) a plurality of positions of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, (b) a plurality of geometries of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, (c) a plurality of diameters of a log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, (d) a plurality of vibration frequencies of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, and (e) a plurality of vibration amplitudes of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; storing a plurality of data structures in a memory of a controller of a control system associated with the rewinding machine, wherein the data structures comprise a plurality of data items associated together that are representative of the generated predictive log image related information; enabling an image capture device to capture a plurality of images of a log being wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; generating log image capture information based upon the plurality of captured images and corresponding time points during the time period, wherein the log image capture information includes at least one of captured log position information, captured log geometry information, captured log diameter information, captured log vibration frequency information, and captured log vibration amplitude information; comparing the log image capture information with the generated predictive log image related information to determine a difference in log image; generating revised predictive log image related information based at least in part upon a difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information; and enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log image related information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of a caliper of the web material of the log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive web caliper information comprises a plurality of measurements of web caliper of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive web caliper information;
measuring web caliper to generate measured web caliper information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured web caliper information with the generated predictive web caliper information to determine a difference in web caliper;
generating revised predictive log web caliper information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured web caliper information relative to predictive web caliper information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive web caliper information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of an amount of the web material to be wound around the log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive wound web amount information comprises a plurality of measurements of amounts of the web to be wound around the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive wound web amount information;
measuring amounts of web wound around the log to generate measured wound web amount information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured wound web amount information with the generated predictive wound web amount information to determine a difference in wound web amount;
generating revised predictive wound web amount information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured wound web amount information relative to predictive wound web amount information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive wound web amount information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of a speed of the web material of the log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive web speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of web speed for the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive web speed information;
measuring web speed to generate measured web speed information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured web speed information with the generated predictive web speed information to determine a difference in web speed;
generating revised predictive web speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured web speed information relative to predictive web speed information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive web speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of a rotational speed of a log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive log rotational speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of rotational speed of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive log rotational speed information;
measuring log rotational speed to generate measured log rotational speed information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured log rotational speed with the generated predictive log rotational speed information to determine a difference in log rotational speed;
generating revised predictive log rotational speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured log rotational speed information relative to predictive log rotational speed information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log rotational speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive information representative of a rotational speed of a core of a log to be wound in the winding nest, wherein the predictive log core rotational speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of rotational speed of the core of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
structuring the plurality of data structures stored in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line with data representative of the generated predictive log core rotational speed information;
measuring log core rotational speed to generate measured log core rotational speed information at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period;
comparing the measured log core rotational speed with the generated predictive log core rotational speed information to determine a difference in log core rotational speed;
generating revised predictive log core rotational speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured log core rotational speed information relative to predictive log core rotational speed information; and
enabling the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log core rotational speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the step of storing the plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller of the control system for the converting line includes data structures associated with manufacturing of the web material to be wound around the log; and
the step of enabling the control includes enabling the control to send signals to equipment in the converting line to make adjustments to operation of the converting line equipment based at least in part upon the data structures associated with the manufacturing of the web material. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the step of storing the plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller of the control system includes data structures representative of log image capture information during the time period from other logs previously processed in the converting line; and
the step of enabling the control includes enabling the control to send signals to equipment in the converting line to make adjustments to operation of the converting line equipment based at least in part upon the data structures representative of the log image capture information during the time period from other logs previously processed in the converting line. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive lifecycle information for at least one component of the converting line; and generating revised predictive lifecycle information for at least one component of the converting line based at least in part upon the difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating predictive maintenance information for at least one component of the converting line; and generating revised predictive maintenance information for at least one component of the converting line based at least in part upon the difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information. 11. A control system for a converting line, the control system comprising:
at least one image capture device adapted and configured to capture images of a log being convolutely wound with web material in a winding nest of a rewinding machine at a plurality of time points during a time period; a controller including a processor and memory, the controller being adapted and configured to: (i) process predictive information representative of and related to an image of a log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of time points during the time period wherein the predictive information comprises information corresponding to at least one of:
(a) a plurality of positions of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period,
(b) a plurality of geometries of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period,
(c) a plurality of diameters of a log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period,
(d) a plurality of vibration frequencies of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period, and
(e) a plurality of vibration amplitudes of the log to be wound in the winding nest at a plurality of corresponding time points during the time period;
(ii) store a plurality of data structures in a memory of a controller of a control system associated with the rewinding machine, wherein the data structures comprise a plurality of data items associated together that are representative of the generated predictive image related information; (iii) receive from the image capture device information representative of the log being wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (iv) generate log image capture information from the information received from the image capture device based upon the captured images and the plurality of time points during the time period, wherein the log image capture information includes at least one of captured log position information, captured log geometry information, captured log diameter information, captured log vibration frequency information, and captured log vibration amplitude information; (v) compare the log image capture information with the generated predictive log image related information to determine a difference in log image; (vi) generate revised predictive log image related information based at least in part upon a difference in the log capture image information relative to predictive log image related information; and (vii) enable the controller to generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log image related information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 12. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to a caliper of the web to be wound around the log, wherein the predictive web caliper information comprises a plurality of measurements of web caliper of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include the predictive caliper information; (x) determine a caliper of the web being wound around the log at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the caliper determination to the predictive caliper information to determine a difference in caliper; and (xii) generate revised predictive web caliper information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured web caliper information relative to predictive web caliper information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive web caliper information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 13. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to an amount of the web material to be wound around the log to be wound wherein the predictive wound web amount comprises a plurality of measurements of amounts of the web to be wound around the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of the predictive wound web amount information; (x) determine an amount of the web material being wound around the log at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the determined wound web amount to the predictive wound web amount information to determine a difference in wound web amount; (xii) generate revised predictive wound web amount information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured wound web amount information relative to predictive wound web amount information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive wound web information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 14. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to a speed of the web material to be wound around the log to be wound wherein the predictive web speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of speed of the web to be wound around the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of the predictive web speed information; (x) determine a web speed at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the determined web speed to the predictive web speed information to determine a difference in web speed; (xii) generate revised predictive web speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured web speed information relative to predictive web speed information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive web speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 15. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to an rotational speed of the log to be wound wherein the predictive log rotational speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of rotational speed of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of the predictive log rotational speed information; (x) determine a log rotational speed at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the determined log rotational speed to the predictive log rotational speed information to determine a difference in log rotational speed; (xii) generate revised predictive log rotational speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured log rotational speed information relative to predictive log rotational speed information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log rotational speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 16. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) process predictive information related to an rotational speed of a core of the log to be wound wherein the predictive log core rotational speed information comprises a plurality of measurements of rotational speed of the core of the log to be wound in the winding nest at the plurality of corresponding time points during the time period; (ix) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of the predictive log core rotational speed information; (x) determine a log core rotational speed at the corresponding plurality of time points during the time period; (xi) compare the determined log core rotational speed to the predictive log core rotational speed information to determine a difference in log core rotational speed; (xii) generate revised predictive log core rotational speed information based at least in part upon a difference in the measured log core rotational speed information relative to predictive log core rotational speed information; and (xiii) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the revised predictive log core rotational speed information for subsequent winding of another log to be processed in the converting line. 17. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured abled to: (viii) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of manufacturing of the web material; and (ix) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the data structures associated with the manufacturing of the web material. 18. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) store a plurality of data structures in the memory of the controller that include data representative of log image capture information during the time period of other logs previously processed in the converting line; and (ix) generate signals for controlling the converting line based at least in part upon the data structures associated with the log image capture information from other logs previously processed in the converting line. 19. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) generate predictive lifecycle information for at least one component of the converting line; and (ix) generate revised predictive lifecycle information for at least one component of the converting line based at least in part upon the difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information. 20. The control system of claim 11 wherein the controller is adapted and configured to: (viii) generate predictive maintenance information for at least one component of the converting line; and (ix) generate revised predictive maintenance information for at least one component of the converting line based at least in part upon the difference in the log image capture information relative to predictive log image related information. | 2,400 |
345,918 | 16,804,328 | 3,612 | Disclosed herein is a hoist apparatus having a base frame, an arm, a hydraulic lift cylinder, and a contact fulcrum attached to the base frame. The arm has a base segment rotatably coupled to the base frame at a first joint, a middle segment rotatably coupled to the base segment at a second joint, and a coupling segment extendably coupled to the middle segment at a second arm joint, the coupling segment comprising a hook at a distal end of the coupling segment. The hydraulic lift cylinder is rotatably coupled at a first end to the base frame and rotatably coupled at a second end to the middle segment. In certain embodiments, the middle segment is contactable with the contact fulcrum during operation of the arm. Various implementations provide for a hoist apparatus that is disposable on a vehicle. | 1. A hoist apparatus comprising:
(a) a base frame; (b) an arm comprising:
(i) a base segment rotatably coupled to the base frame at a first joint;
(ii) a middle segment rotatably coupled to the base segment at a second joint; and
(iii) coupling segment extendably coupled to the middle segment at a second arm joint, the coupling segment comprising a hook at a distal end of the coupling segment;
(c) a hydraulic lift cylinder rotatably coupled at a first end to the base frame and rotatably coupled at a second end to the middle segment; and (d) a contact fulcrum attached to the base frame, wherein the middle segment is contactable with the contact fulcrum during operation of the arm. 2. The hoist apparatus of claim 1, wherein the contact fulcrum reduces the amount of force required from the hydraulic lift cylinder during operation of the arm. 3. The hoist apparatus of claim 1, wherein the main frame comprises a cross member, wherein the contact fulcrum is disposed on the cross member. 4. The hoist apparatus of claim 3, wherein base segment is contactable with the cross member during operation of the arm. 5. The hoist apparatus of claim 1, wherein concurrent rotation around both the first and second joints occurs at the same time during movement of the arm between a retracted position and an extended position. 6. A hoist apparatus comprising:
(a) a base frame; (b) an arm comprising:
(i) a base segment rotatably coupled to the base frame at a first joint;
(ii) a middle segment rotatably coupled to the base segment at a second joint; and
(iii) coupling segment extendably coupled to the middle segment at a second arm joint, the coupling segment comprising a hook at a distal end of the coupling segment;
(c) a first hydraulic cylinder rotatably coupled at a first end to the base frame and rotatably coupled at a second end to the middle segment; (d) a contact fulcrum attached to the base frame, (e) a retracted arm position in which the middle segment is disposed adjacent to and parallel with the base frame; and (f) an extended arm position in which the middle segment and the coupling segment are at least partially disposed proximal of a proximal end of the base frame, wherein the middle segment is contactable with the contact fulcrum during movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 7. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein the base frame is disposed on a wheeled chassis. 8. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein the main frame comprises a cross member, wherein the contact fulcrum is disposed on the cross member. 9. The hoist apparatus of claim 8, wherein base segment is disposed against the cross member in the retracted arm position. 10. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein the contact fulcrum comprises:
(a) a base structure coupled to the main frame; and (b) a contact structure coupled to the base structure. 11. The hoist apparatus of claim 10, wherein the middle segment is contactable with the contact structure during movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 12. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, further comprising at least one second hydraulic cylinder operably coupled at a first end to the middle segment and operably coupled at a second end to the coupling segment, wherein the coupling segment is slidable between a retracted coupling segment position and an extended coupling segment position. 13. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein the contact fulcrum reduces the amount of force required from the first hydraulic cylinder during movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 14. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein concurrent rotation around both the first and second joints occurs at the same time during at least a portion of the movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 15. A hoist apparatus comprising:
(a) a base frame comprising a cross member; (b) an arm comprising:
(i) a base segment rotatably coupled to the base frame at a first joint;
(ii) a middle segment rotatably coupled to the base segment at a second joint; and
(iii) coupling segment extendably coupled to the middle segment at a second arm joint, the coupling segment comprising a hook at a distal end of the coupling segment;
(c) a first hydraulic cylinder rotatably coupled at a first end to the base frame and rotatably coupled at a second end to the middle segment; (d) a contact fulcrum attached to the cross member, (e) a retracted arm position in which the middle segment is disposed adjacent to and parallel with the base frame; (f) an intermediate arm position in which the middle segment is disposed in contact with the contact fulcrum; and (g) an extended arm position in which the middle segment and the coupling segment are at least partially disposed proximal of a proximal end of the base frame. 16. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, wherein the middle segment comprises a pair of elongate tubes. 17. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, wherein the contact fulcrum comprises:
(a) a base structure coupled to the cross member; and (b) a contact structure coupled to the base structure. 18. The hoist apparatus of claim 17, wherein the middle segment is disposed in contact with the contact structure in the intermediate arm position. 19. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, further comprising at least one second hydraulic cylinder operably coupled at a first end to the middle segment and operably coupled at a second end to the coupling segment, wherein the coupling segment is slidable between a retracted coupling segment position and an extended coupling segment position. 20. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, wherein concurrent rotation around both the first and second joints occurs at the same time during at least a portion of the movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 21. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, wherein the contact fulcrum reduces the amount of force required from the first hydraulic cylinder during movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 22. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, further comprising first and second contact pads disposed at a distal end of the base frame, wherein the first and second contact pads are sized and shaped to receive the coupling segment. | Disclosed herein is a hoist apparatus having a base frame, an arm, a hydraulic lift cylinder, and a contact fulcrum attached to the base frame. The arm has a base segment rotatably coupled to the base frame at a first joint, a middle segment rotatably coupled to the base segment at a second joint, and a coupling segment extendably coupled to the middle segment at a second arm joint, the coupling segment comprising a hook at a distal end of the coupling segment. The hydraulic lift cylinder is rotatably coupled at a first end to the base frame and rotatably coupled at a second end to the middle segment. In certain embodiments, the middle segment is contactable with the contact fulcrum during operation of the arm. Various implementations provide for a hoist apparatus that is disposable on a vehicle.1. A hoist apparatus comprising:
(a) a base frame; (b) an arm comprising:
(i) a base segment rotatably coupled to the base frame at a first joint;
(ii) a middle segment rotatably coupled to the base segment at a second joint; and
(iii) coupling segment extendably coupled to the middle segment at a second arm joint, the coupling segment comprising a hook at a distal end of the coupling segment;
(c) a hydraulic lift cylinder rotatably coupled at a first end to the base frame and rotatably coupled at a second end to the middle segment; and (d) a contact fulcrum attached to the base frame, wherein the middle segment is contactable with the contact fulcrum during operation of the arm. 2. The hoist apparatus of claim 1, wherein the contact fulcrum reduces the amount of force required from the hydraulic lift cylinder during operation of the arm. 3. The hoist apparatus of claim 1, wherein the main frame comprises a cross member, wherein the contact fulcrum is disposed on the cross member. 4. The hoist apparatus of claim 3, wherein base segment is contactable with the cross member during operation of the arm. 5. The hoist apparatus of claim 1, wherein concurrent rotation around both the first and second joints occurs at the same time during movement of the arm between a retracted position and an extended position. 6. A hoist apparatus comprising:
(a) a base frame; (b) an arm comprising:
(i) a base segment rotatably coupled to the base frame at a first joint;
(ii) a middle segment rotatably coupled to the base segment at a second joint; and
(iii) coupling segment extendably coupled to the middle segment at a second arm joint, the coupling segment comprising a hook at a distal end of the coupling segment;
(c) a first hydraulic cylinder rotatably coupled at a first end to the base frame and rotatably coupled at a second end to the middle segment; (d) a contact fulcrum attached to the base frame, (e) a retracted arm position in which the middle segment is disposed adjacent to and parallel with the base frame; and (f) an extended arm position in which the middle segment and the coupling segment are at least partially disposed proximal of a proximal end of the base frame, wherein the middle segment is contactable with the contact fulcrum during movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 7. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein the base frame is disposed on a wheeled chassis. 8. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein the main frame comprises a cross member, wherein the contact fulcrum is disposed on the cross member. 9. The hoist apparatus of claim 8, wherein base segment is disposed against the cross member in the retracted arm position. 10. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein the contact fulcrum comprises:
(a) a base structure coupled to the main frame; and (b) a contact structure coupled to the base structure. 11. The hoist apparatus of claim 10, wherein the middle segment is contactable with the contact structure during movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 12. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, further comprising at least one second hydraulic cylinder operably coupled at a first end to the middle segment and operably coupled at a second end to the coupling segment, wherein the coupling segment is slidable between a retracted coupling segment position and an extended coupling segment position. 13. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein the contact fulcrum reduces the amount of force required from the first hydraulic cylinder during movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 14. The hoist apparatus of claim 6, wherein concurrent rotation around both the first and second joints occurs at the same time during at least a portion of the movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 15. A hoist apparatus comprising:
(a) a base frame comprising a cross member; (b) an arm comprising:
(i) a base segment rotatably coupled to the base frame at a first joint;
(ii) a middle segment rotatably coupled to the base segment at a second joint; and
(iii) coupling segment extendably coupled to the middle segment at a second arm joint, the coupling segment comprising a hook at a distal end of the coupling segment;
(c) a first hydraulic cylinder rotatably coupled at a first end to the base frame and rotatably coupled at a second end to the middle segment; (d) a contact fulcrum attached to the cross member, (e) a retracted arm position in which the middle segment is disposed adjacent to and parallel with the base frame; (f) an intermediate arm position in which the middle segment is disposed in contact with the contact fulcrum; and (g) an extended arm position in which the middle segment and the coupling segment are at least partially disposed proximal of a proximal end of the base frame. 16. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, wherein the middle segment comprises a pair of elongate tubes. 17. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, wherein the contact fulcrum comprises:
(a) a base structure coupled to the cross member; and (b) a contact structure coupled to the base structure. 18. The hoist apparatus of claim 17, wherein the middle segment is disposed in contact with the contact structure in the intermediate arm position. 19. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, further comprising at least one second hydraulic cylinder operably coupled at a first end to the middle segment and operably coupled at a second end to the coupling segment, wherein the coupling segment is slidable between a retracted coupling segment position and an extended coupling segment position. 20. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, wherein concurrent rotation around both the first and second joints occurs at the same time during at least a portion of the movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 21. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, wherein the contact fulcrum reduces the amount of force required from the first hydraulic cylinder during movement of the arm between the retracted arm and extended arm positions. 22. The hoist apparatus of claim 15, further comprising first and second contact pads disposed at a distal end of the base frame, wherein the first and second contact pads are sized and shaped to receive the coupling segment. | 3,600 |
345,919 | 16,804,329 | 3,612 | An organic electroluminescent device, a preparation method thereof, and a display apparatus. The organic electroluminescent device includes a light emitting layer, the light emitting layer includes a host material and a dye, and the host material is a triplet-triplet annihilation material, the dye includes a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; a singlet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is greater than a singlet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; and a triplet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is smaller than a triplet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. The present application can overcome the defect of short device lifetime caused by high-energy excitons in the device at present. | 1. An organic electroluminescent device, comprising: a light emitting layer, wherein
the light emitting layer comprises a host material and a dye, the host material is a triplet-triplet annihilation material, and the dye comprises a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; and a singlet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is greater than a singlet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; and a triplet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is smaller than a triplet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. 2. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein an energy level difference between the singlet energy level and the triplet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is >0.5 eV. 3. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 2, wherein twice of the triplet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is higher than the singlet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material. 4. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein an energy level difference between the singlet energy level and the triplet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is ≤0.3 eV. 5. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material in the light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-40 wt %. 6. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material in the light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-20 wt %. 7. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material in the light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-10 wt %. 8. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a fluorescence quantum yield of an instantaneous component of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is greater than 50%. 9. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein the fluorescence quantum yield of the instantaneous component of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is greater than 75%. 10. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the triplet-triplet annihilation material is a compound containing one or more of naphthyl, anthryl, perylenyl, pyrenyl, phenanthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, tetracenyl, pentacenyl, and oxazolyl. 11. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 10, wherein the triplet-triplet annihilation material is a compound having one of the following structures: 12. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is a compound having one of the following structures: 13. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the light emitting layer is 1 nm to 60 nm. 14. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 13, wherein the thickness of the light emitting layer is 30 nm. 15. A preparation method of an organic electroluminescent device, comprising: forming a light emitting layer by co-evaporation of a triplet-triplet annihilation material source and a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material source. 16. A display apparatus comprising the organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1. | An organic electroluminescent device, a preparation method thereof, and a display apparatus. The organic electroluminescent device includes a light emitting layer, the light emitting layer includes a host material and a dye, and the host material is a triplet-triplet annihilation material, the dye includes a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; a singlet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is greater than a singlet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; and a triplet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is smaller than a triplet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. The present application can overcome the defect of short device lifetime caused by high-energy excitons in the device at present.1. An organic electroluminescent device, comprising: a light emitting layer, wherein
the light emitting layer comprises a host material and a dye, the host material is a triplet-triplet annihilation material, and the dye comprises a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; and a singlet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is greater than a singlet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; and a triplet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is smaller than a triplet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. 2. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein an energy level difference between the singlet energy level and the triplet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is >0.5 eV. 3. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 2, wherein twice of the triplet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material is higher than the singlet energy level of the triplet-triplet annihilation material. 4. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein an energy level difference between the singlet energy level and the triplet energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is ≤0.3 eV. 5. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material in the light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-40 wt %. 6. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material in the light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-20 wt %. 7. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material in the light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-10 wt %. 8. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a fluorescence quantum yield of an instantaneous component of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is greater than 50%. 9. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein the fluorescence quantum yield of the instantaneous component of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is greater than 75%. 10. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the triplet-triplet annihilation material is a compound containing one or more of naphthyl, anthryl, perylenyl, pyrenyl, phenanthryl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, tetracenyl, pentacenyl, and oxazolyl. 11. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 10, wherein the triplet-triplet annihilation material is a compound having one of the following structures: 12. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is a compound having one of the following structures: 13. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the light emitting layer is 1 nm to 60 nm. 14. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 13, wherein the thickness of the light emitting layer is 30 nm. 15. A preparation method of an organic electroluminescent device, comprising: forming a light emitting layer by co-evaporation of a triplet-triplet annihilation material source and a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material source. 16. A display apparatus comprising the organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
345,920 | 16,804,357 | 3,612 | Embodiments are directed to a propulsion assembly for an aircraft. The propulsion assembly comprises a mast, a hub assembly coupled to the mast and having a gimballing degree of freedom relative to the mast, the hub assembly having an inner hub wall spaced part from the mast, a gimbal lock positioned about the mast, the gimbal lock configured to fit between the inner hub wall and the mast in an engaged position, and an over-center locking mechanism coupled to the gimbal lock. The gimbal lock is movable between a disengaged position and the engaged position relative to the hub assembly. The gimbal lock enables the gimballing degree of freedom in the disengaged position and disables the gimballing degree of freedom in the engaged position. The over-center locking mechanism is configured to move the gimbal lock between the engaged position and the disengaged position. | 1. A propulsion assembly for an aircraft, comprising:
a mast; a hub assembly coupled to the mast and having a gimballing degree of freedom relative to the mast, the hub assembly having an inner hub wall spaced part from the mast; a gimbal lock positioned about the mast, the gimbal lock configured to fit between the inner hub wall and the mast in an engaged position; and an over-center locking mechanism coupled to the gimbal lock; wherein the gimbal lock is movable between a disengaged position and the engaged position relative to the hub assembly, the gimbal lock enabling the gimballing degree of freedom in the disengaged position and disabling the gimballing degree of freedom in the engaged position; and wherein the over-center locking mechanism is configured to move the gimbal lock between the engaged position and the disengaged position. 2. The propulsion assembly of claim 1, wherein the over-center locking mechanism comprises:
a pivot idler coupled to the mast; and a spring-loaded link coupled between the pivot idler and the gimbal lock. 3. The propulsion assembly of claim 2, further comprising:
a mounting bracket attached to the mast, wherein the pivot idler is coupled to the mast by the mounting bracket. 4. The propulsion assembly of claim 2, further comprising:
an activation idler coupled to a joint between the pivot idler and the spring-loaded link; wherein movement of the activation idler in a first direction causes the hub lock to move toward the disengaged position and movement of the activation idler in a second direction causes the hub lock to move toward the engaged position. 5. The propulsion assembly of claim 4, further comprising:
an actuator coupled to the activation idler, wherein the actuator is configured to move the activation idler alternatively in the first direction and in the second direction. 6. The propulsion assembly of claim 5, wherein the actuator is an electronic motor. 7. The propulsion assembly of claim 4, further comprising:
one or more mechanical stops configured to prevent movement of the activation idler beyond a fixed position. 8. The propulsion assembly of claim 2, wherein the pivot idler is configured to rotate between a locked over-center position and an open position;
wherein the pivot idler is held in the locked over-center position by the spring-loaded link; and wherein the pivot idler is held in the open position by a centrifugal force generated by rotation of the mast or by a spring force. 9. The propulsion assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of rollers on the gimbal lock, the rollers configured to align the gimbal lock and the hub assembly when the gimbal lock is moved to the engaged position. 10. The propulsion assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a hub extension coupled to the hub assembly, the hub extension positioned about the mast and forming at least a portion of the inner hub wall spaced part from the mast. 11. The propulsion assembly of claim 1, wherein the over-center locking mechanism comprises:
a plurality of pivot idlers coupled to the mast by a mounting assembly; a plurality of spring-loaded links, each spring-loaded link coupled between an individual pivot idler and the gimbal lock; and an activation idler coupled to hinged joints between each pivot idler and spring-loaded link; wherein movement of the activation idler in a first direction causes each pivot idler and spring-loaded link to fold together thereby moving the hub lock toward the disengaged position; and wherein movement of the activation idler in a second direction causes each pivot idler and spring-loaded link to align thereby moving the hub lock toward the engaged position. 12. The propulsion assembly of claim 11, wherein two pivot idlers are positioned on opposite sides of the mast; and
wherein the activation idler has two arms extending across opposite sides of the mast, each arm coupled to a separate pivot idler. 13. The propulsion assembly of claim 11, wherein two pivot idlers are positioned on opposite sides of the mast; and
wherein the two pivot idlers are joined by a linking member. 14. An aircraft, comprising:
a fuselage; a wing coupled to the fuselage; and a propulsion assembly rotatably coupled to the wing, the propulsion assembly comprising:
a mast;
a hub assembly coupled to the mast and having a gimballing degree of freedom relative to the mast, the hub assembly having an inner hub wall spaced part from the mast;
a gimbal lock positioned about the mast, the gimbal lock configured to fit between the inner hub wall and the mast in an engaged position; and
an over-center locking mechanism coupled to the gimbal lock;
wherein the gimbal lock is movable between a disengaged position and the engaged position relative to the hub assembly, the gimbal lock enabling the gimballing degree of freedom in the disengaged position and disabling the gimballing degree of freedom in the engaged position; and wherein the over-center locking mechanism is configured to move the gimbal lock between the engaged position and the disengaged position. 15. The aircraft of claim 1, wherein the over-center locking mechanism comprises:
two pivot idlers coupled to the mast by a mounting assembly; two spring-loaded links, each spring-loaded link coupled between an individual pivot idler and the gimbal lock, wherein pairs of pivot idlers and spring-loaded links are coupled by a hinged join; and an activation idler coupled to the hinged joints on each pair of pivot idler and spring-loaded link. 16. The propulsion assembly of claim 15, wherein the pivot idlers are positioned on opposite sides of the mast; and
wherein the activation idler comprises two arms extending across opposite sides of the mast, each arm coupled to a separate hinged joint. 17. The aircraft of claim 15, further comprising:
an actuator coupled to the activation idler and configured to move the actuation idler in a first direction and in a second direction; wherein movement of the activation idler in the first direction causes the hub lock to move toward the disengaged position and movement of the activation idler in a second direction causes the hub lock to move toward the engaged position. 18. The aircraft of claim 17, wherein the actuator is an electronic motor. 19. The aircraft of claim 15, wherein the pivot idlers are configured to rotate between a locked over-center position and an open position;
wherein the pivot idlers are held in the locked over-center position by the spring-loaded links; and wherein the pivot idlers are held in the open position by a centrifugal force generated by rotation of the mast or by a spring force. 20. The aircraft of claim 17, wherein movement of the activation idler in the first direction causes each pivot idler and associated spring-loaded link to fold together thereby moving the hub lock toward the disengaged position; and
wherein movement of the activation idler in the second direction causes each pivot idler and associated spring-loaded link to align thereby moving the hub lock toward the engaged position. | Embodiments are directed to a propulsion assembly for an aircraft. The propulsion assembly comprises a mast, a hub assembly coupled to the mast and having a gimballing degree of freedom relative to the mast, the hub assembly having an inner hub wall spaced part from the mast, a gimbal lock positioned about the mast, the gimbal lock configured to fit between the inner hub wall and the mast in an engaged position, and an over-center locking mechanism coupled to the gimbal lock. The gimbal lock is movable between a disengaged position and the engaged position relative to the hub assembly. The gimbal lock enables the gimballing degree of freedom in the disengaged position and disables the gimballing degree of freedom in the engaged position. The over-center locking mechanism is configured to move the gimbal lock between the engaged position and the disengaged position.1. A propulsion assembly for an aircraft, comprising:
a mast; a hub assembly coupled to the mast and having a gimballing degree of freedom relative to the mast, the hub assembly having an inner hub wall spaced part from the mast; a gimbal lock positioned about the mast, the gimbal lock configured to fit between the inner hub wall and the mast in an engaged position; and an over-center locking mechanism coupled to the gimbal lock; wherein the gimbal lock is movable between a disengaged position and the engaged position relative to the hub assembly, the gimbal lock enabling the gimballing degree of freedom in the disengaged position and disabling the gimballing degree of freedom in the engaged position; and wherein the over-center locking mechanism is configured to move the gimbal lock between the engaged position and the disengaged position. 2. The propulsion assembly of claim 1, wherein the over-center locking mechanism comprises:
a pivot idler coupled to the mast; and a spring-loaded link coupled between the pivot idler and the gimbal lock. 3. The propulsion assembly of claim 2, further comprising:
a mounting bracket attached to the mast, wherein the pivot idler is coupled to the mast by the mounting bracket. 4. The propulsion assembly of claim 2, further comprising:
an activation idler coupled to a joint between the pivot idler and the spring-loaded link; wherein movement of the activation idler in a first direction causes the hub lock to move toward the disengaged position and movement of the activation idler in a second direction causes the hub lock to move toward the engaged position. 5. The propulsion assembly of claim 4, further comprising:
an actuator coupled to the activation idler, wherein the actuator is configured to move the activation idler alternatively in the first direction and in the second direction. 6. The propulsion assembly of claim 5, wherein the actuator is an electronic motor. 7. The propulsion assembly of claim 4, further comprising:
one or more mechanical stops configured to prevent movement of the activation idler beyond a fixed position. 8. The propulsion assembly of claim 2, wherein the pivot idler is configured to rotate between a locked over-center position and an open position;
wherein the pivot idler is held in the locked over-center position by the spring-loaded link; and wherein the pivot idler is held in the open position by a centrifugal force generated by rotation of the mast or by a spring force. 9. The propulsion assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of rollers on the gimbal lock, the rollers configured to align the gimbal lock and the hub assembly when the gimbal lock is moved to the engaged position. 10. The propulsion assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a hub extension coupled to the hub assembly, the hub extension positioned about the mast and forming at least a portion of the inner hub wall spaced part from the mast. 11. The propulsion assembly of claim 1, wherein the over-center locking mechanism comprises:
a plurality of pivot idlers coupled to the mast by a mounting assembly; a plurality of spring-loaded links, each spring-loaded link coupled between an individual pivot idler and the gimbal lock; and an activation idler coupled to hinged joints between each pivot idler and spring-loaded link; wherein movement of the activation idler in a first direction causes each pivot idler and spring-loaded link to fold together thereby moving the hub lock toward the disengaged position; and wherein movement of the activation idler in a second direction causes each pivot idler and spring-loaded link to align thereby moving the hub lock toward the engaged position. 12. The propulsion assembly of claim 11, wherein two pivot idlers are positioned on opposite sides of the mast; and
wherein the activation idler has two arms extending across opposite sides of the mast, each arm coupled to a separate pivot idler. 13. The propulsion assembly of claim 11, wherein two pivot idlers are positioned on opposite sides of the mast; and
wherein the two pivot idlers are joined by a linking member. 14. An aircraft, comprising:
a fuselage; a wing coupled to the fuselage; and a propulsion assembly rotatably coupled to the wing, the propulsion assembly comprising:
a mast;
a hub assembly coupled to the mast and having a gimballing degree of freedom relative to the mast, the hub assembly having an inner hub wall spaced part from the mast;
a gimbal lock positioned about the mast, the gimbal lock configured to fit between the inner hub wall and the mast in an engaged position; and
an over-center locking mechanism coupled to the gimbal lock;
wherein the gimbal lock is movable between a disengaged position and the engaged position relative to the hub assembly, the gimbal lock enabling the gimballing degree of freedom in the disengaged position and disabling the gimballing degree of freedom in the engaged position; and wherein the over-center locking mechanism is configured to move the gimbal lock between the engaged position and the disengaged position. 15. The aircraft of claim 1, wherein the over-center locking mechanism comprises:
two pivot idlers coupled to the mast by a mounting assembly; two spring-loaded links, each spring-loaded link coupled between an individual pivot idler and the gimbal lock, wherein pairs of pivot idlers and spring-loaded links are coupled by a hinged join; and an activation idler coupled to the hinged joints on each pair of pivot idler and spring-loaded link. 16. The propulsion assembly of claim 15, wherein the pivot idlers are positioned on opposite sides of the mast; and
wherein the activation idler comprises two arms extending across opposite sides of the mast, each arm coupled to a separate hinged joint. 17. The aircraft of claim 15, further comprising:
an actuator coupled to the activation idler and configured to move the actuation idler in a first direction and in a second direction; wherein movement of the activation idler in the first direction causes the hub lock to move toward the disengaged position and movement of the activation idler in a second direction causes the hub lock to move toward the engaged position. 18. The aircraft of claim 17, wherein the actuator is an electronic motor. 19. The aircraft of claim 15, wherein the pivot idlers are configured to rotate between a locked over-center position and an open position;
wherein the pivot idlers are held in the locked over-center position by the spring-loaded links; and wherein the pivot idlers are held in the open position by a centrifugal force generated by rotation of the mast or by a spring force. 20. The aircraft of claim 17, wherein movement of the activation idler in the first direction causes each pivot idler and associated spring-loaded link to fold together thereby moving the hub lock toward the disengaged position; and
wherein movement of the activation idler in the second direction causes each pivot idler and associated spring-loaded link to align thereby moving the hub lock toward the engaged position. | 3,600 |
345,921 | 16,804,354 | 3,612 | Filtration systems having a normal filtration mode and an enhanced filtration mode are described. In some arrangements, the filtration system is an air filtration system having a primary air filter element, a pre-cleaner, and a pre-cleaner bypass valve. Based on feedback from an intake air quality sensor the bypass valve is either opened or closed to selectively route intake air through the pre-cleaner during sensed dirty air operating conditions (e.g., heavy dust or moisture concentrations). In other arrangements, the filtration system is a liquid filtration system (e.g., a fuel or oil filtration system) that has a main filter and a secondary filter. The filtration system selectively routes the liquid being filtered through the main filter, the secondary filter, or a combination thereof depending on a detected event or sensed characteristic of the liquid. | 1. An air filtration system comprising:
a primary filter element; a pre-cleaner positioned upstream of the primary filter element in an air flow direction; a bypass valve actuatable between a first position and a second position, intake air to be filtered bypasses the pre-cleaner and flows to the primary filter element when the bypass valve is in the first position, and intake air to be filtered is forced through the pre-cleaner prior to flowing to the primary filter element when the bypass valve is in the second position; an air quality characteristic sensor; and a controller configured to:
receive a feedback signal from the air quality characteristic sensor indicative of a sensed air quality characteristic of the intake air, and
actuate the bypass valve between the first position and the second position via an actuation mechanism. 2. The air filtration system of claim 1, wherein the bypass valve includes a flap and a hinge. 3. The air filtration system of claim 1, wherein the bypass valve includes a plurality of louvers. 4. The air filtration system of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of louvers includes a slat and a central hinge. 5. The air filtration system of claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of louvers move together between the first position and the second position when actuated by the controller. 6. The air filtration system of claim 1, wherein the sensed air quality characteristic relates to an amount of dust in the intake air, an amount of moisture in the intake air, or a combination thereof. 7. The air filtration system of claim 6, wherein the air quality sensor senses the air quality characteristic by counting and sizing particles passing by or through the air quality sensor. 8.-15. (canceled) 16. A method of switching a filtration system between a normal filtration mode and an enhanced filtration mode based on a detected event, the method comprising:
receiving, by an electronic control unit of the filtration system, a feedback signal from a sensor of the filtration system; determining, by the electronic control unit, that the feedback signal corresponds to a fill-up event or a start-up event; activating, by the electronic control unit, the enhanced filtration mode of the filtration system, the enhanced filtration mode corresponding to an operating mode of the filtration system in which an increased amount of the fluid to be filtered passes through a filtration component than when in the normal filtration mode. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising reverting, by the electronic control unit, the filtration system back into the normal filtration mode after a determined duration. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the duration represents a time period for which the filtration system is in the enhanced filtration mode. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the duration represents an amount of time needed to filter an amount of fluid during the enhanced filtration mode. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the duration represents an amount of time needed to remove an amount of contaminant from the fluid during the enhanced filtration mode. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the duration is based at least in part on a period of time a fluid flow rate is changing. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the additional filtration component is a kidney loop filter. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the additional filtration component is a prefilter positioned upstream of a main filter. 24.-38. (canceled) | Filtration systems having a normal filtration mode and an enhanced filtration mode are described. In some arrangements, the filtration system is an air filtration system having a primary air filter element, a pre-cleaner, and a pre-cleaner bypass valve. Based on feedback from an intake air quality sensor the bypass valve is either opened or closed to selectively route intake air through the pre-cleaner during sensed dirty air operating conditions (e.g., heavy dust or moisture concentrations). In other arrangements, the filtration system is a liquid filtration system (e.g., a fuel or oil filtration system) that has a main filter and a secondary filter. The filtration system selectively routes the liquid being filtered through the main filter, the secondary filter, or a combination thereof depending on a detected event or sensed characteristic of the liquid.1. An air filtration system comprising:
a primary filter element; a pre-cleaner positioned upstream of the primary filter element in an air flow direction; a bypass valve actuatable between a first position and a second position, intake air to be filtered bypasses the pre-cleaner and flows to the primary filter element when the bypass valve is in the first position, and intake air to be filtered is forced through the pre-cleaner prior to flowing to the primary filter element when the bypass valve is in the second position; an air quality characteristic sensor; and a controller configured to:
receive a feedback signal from the air quality characteristic sensor indicative of a sensed air quality characteristic of the intake air, and
actuate the bypass valve between the first position and the second position via an actuation mechanism. 2. The air filtration system of claim 1, wherein the bypass valve includes a flap and a hinge. 3. The air filtration system of claim 1, wherein the bypass valve includes a plurality of louvers. 4. The air filtration system of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of louvers includes a slat and a central hinge. 5. The air filtration system of claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of louvers move together between the first position and the second position when actuated by the controller. 6. The air filtration system of claim 1, wherein the sensed air quality characteristic relates to an amount of dust in the intake air, an amount of moisture in the intake air, or a combination thereof. 7. The air filtration system of claim 6, wherein the air quality sensor senses the air quality characteristic by counting and sizing particles passing by or through the air quality sensor. 8.-15. (canceled) 16. A method of switching a filtration system between a normal filtration mode and an enhanced filtration mode based on a detected event, the method comprising:
receiving, by an electronic control unit of the filtration system, a feedback signal from a sensor of the filtration system; determining, by the electronic control unit, that the feedback signal corresponds to a fill-up event or a start-up event; activating, by the electronic control unit, the enhanced filtration mode of the filtration system, the enhanced filtration mode corresponding to an operating mode of the filtration system in which an increased amount of the fluid to be filtered passes through a filtration component than when in the normal filtration mode. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising reverting, by the electronic control unit, the filtration system back into the normal filtration mode after a determined duration. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the duration represents a time period for which the filtration system is in the enhanced filtration mode. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the duration represents an amount of time needed to filter an amount of fluid during the enhanced filtration mode. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the duration represents an amount of time needed to remove an amount of contaminant from the fluid during the enhanced filtration mode. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the duration is based at least in part on a period of time a fluid flow rate is changing. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the additional filtration component is a kidney loop filter. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the additional filtration component is a prefilter positioned upstream of a main filter. 24.-38. (canceled) | 3,600 |
345,922 | 16,804,364 | 3,612 | A system for part transfer and transport, the system including: a first conveyor system for transporting a plurality of trays containing a two-dimensional grid of parts; a second conveyor system for transporting the parts to a predetermined destination in a linear arrangement; and a selection apparatus for transferring a linear array of parts selected from the grid of the first conveyor system to the linear arrangement of the second conveyor system, the selection apparatus comprising: a pick and place apparatus which may be cam driven for moving the parts; and a feed screw defining a plurality of singulated part spaces separated by a part pitch along the second conveyor to facilitate insertion of the linear array of parts into the linear arrangement. | 1. A system for part transfer and transport, the system comprising:
a first conveyor system for transporting a plurality of trays containing a two-dimensional grid of parts; a second conveyor system for transporting the parts to a predetermined destination in a linear arrangement; and a selection apparatus for transferring a linear array of parts selected from the grid of the first conveyor system to the linear arrangement of the second conveyor system, the selection apparatus comprising:
a pick and place apparatus for moving the parts; and
a feed screw defining a plurality of singulated part spaces separated by a part pitch along the second conveyor to facilitate insertion of the linear array of parts into the linear arrangement. 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the second conveyor system comprises a plurality of containers for carrying individual parts, and each singulated part space of the feed screw is sized to receive one of the containers. 3. A system according to claim 1 further comprising a servo for operating the feed screw. 4. A system according to claim 1 wherein the pick and place apparatus comprises:
a first set of grippers for picking the linear array of parts from the tray along the first conveyor; and
a second set of grippers for receiving the linear array of parts from the first set of grippers, and subsequently placing the linear array of parts into the singulated part spaces along the second conveyor. 5. A system according to claim 4 further comprising a cam assembly for operating the pick and place apparatus. 6. A system according to claim 5 wherein the cam assembly comprises:
a vertical motion cam subassembly for raising and lowering the first and a second set of grippers;
a rotational motion cam subassembly for rotating the first and second set of grippers; and
a horizontal motion cam subassembly for moving the first and second set of grippers towards and away from each other to facilitate transfer of the linear array of parts between the first and second set of grippers. 7. A system according to claim 4 wherein the first set of grippers provides the linear array of parts with a first rotation, and the second set of grippers may provide the linear array of parts with a second rotation to provide a full inversion of the parts. 8. A system according to claim 4 further comprising a gripper controller for timing opening and closing of the first and second set of grippers in synchronization with the movement of the grippers. 9. A system according to claim 1 further comprising a testing station for testing the parts and for tagging the parts as pass or fail for further handling. 10. A system according to claim 1 wherein the second conveyor system includes a plurality of flexible chain conveyors. 11. A method for part transfer and transport, the method comprising:
transporting a plurality of trays containing a two-dimensional grid of parts on a first conveyor system; operating a feed screw along a second conveyor to provide a linear arrangement of singulated part spaces separated by a part pitch; picking a linear array of parts from the grid, via a pick and place apparatus, and placing the parts into the singulated part spaces along the second conveyor system; and transporting the linear array of parts away from the pick and place apparatus via the second conveyor system. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the second conveyor system comprises a plurality of containers for carrying individual parts, and each singulated part space of the feed screw is sized to receive one of the containers 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the picking of a linear array of parts comprises:
picking the linear array of parts from the tray along the first conveyor, via a first set of grippers; and receiving the linear array of parts from the first set of grippers, and subsequently placing the linear array of parts into the singulated part spaces along the second conveyor, via a second set of grippers. 14. A method according to claim 14, further comprising:
rotating the part by a first rotation via the first set of grippers and; rotating the part a second rotation to provide a full inversion of the parts, via the second gripper. 15. A method according to claim 11, further comprising testing and tracking the status of parts for further handling, via a testing station. | A system for part transfer and transport, the system including: a first conveyor system for transporting a plurality of trays containing a two-dimensional grid of parts; a second conveyor system for transporting the parts to a predetermined destination in a linear arrangement; and a selection apparatus for transferring a linear array of parts selected from the grid of the first conveyor system to the linear arrangement of the second conveyor system, the selection apparatus comprising: a pick and place apparatus which may be cam driven for moving the parts; and a feed screw defining a plurality of singulated part spaces separated by a part pitch along the second conveyor to facilitate insertion of the linear array of parts into the linear arrangement.1. A system for part transfer and transport, the system comprising:
a first conveyor system for transporting a plurality of trays containing a two-dimensional grid of parts; a second conveyor system for transporting the parts to a predetermined destination in a linear arrangement; and a selection apparatus for transferring a linear array of parts selected from the grid of the first conveyor system to the linear arrangement of the second conveyor system, the selection apparatus comprising:
a pick and place apparatus for moving the parts; and
a feed screw defining a plurality of singulated part spaces separated by a part pitch along the second conveyor to facilitate insertion of the linear array of parts into the linear arrangement. 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the second conveyor system comprises a plurality of containers for carrying individual parts, and each singulated part space of the feed screw is sized to receive one of the containers. 3. A system according to claim 1 further comprising a servo for operating the feed screw. 4. A system according to claim 1 wherein the pick and place apparatus comprises:
a first set of grippers for picking the linear array of parts from the tray along the first conveyor; and
a second set of grippers for receiving the linear array of parts from the first set of grippers, and subsequently placing the linear array of parts into the singulated part spaces along the second conveyor. 5. A system according to claim 4 further comprising a cam assembly for operating the pick and place apparatus. 6. A system according to claim 5 wherein the cam assembly comprises:
a vertical motion cam subassembly for raising and lowering the first and a second set of grippers;
a rotational motion cam subassembly for rotating the first and second set of grippers; and
a horizontal motion cam subassembly for moving the first and second set of grippers towards and away from each other to facilitate transfer of the linear array of parts between the first and second set of grippers. 7. A system according to claim 4 wherein the first set of grippers provides the linear array of parts with a first rotation, and the second set of grippers may provide the linear array of parts with a second rotation to provide a full inversion of the parts. 8. A system according to claim 4 further comprising a gripper controller for timing opening and closing of the first and second set of grippers in synchronization with the movement of the grippers. 9. A system according to claim 1 further comprising a testing station for testing the parts and for tagging the parts as pass or fail for further handling. 10. A system according to claim 1 wherein the second conveyor system includes a plurality of flexible chain conveyors. 11. A method for part transfer and transport, the method comprising:
transporting a plurality of trays containing a two-dimensional grid of parts on a first conveyor system; operating a feed screw along a second conveyor to provide a linear arrangement of singulated part spaces separated by a part pitch; picking a linear array of parts from the grid, via a pick and place apparatus, and placing the parts into the singulated part spaces along the second conveyor system; and transporting the linear array of parts away from the pick and place apparatus via the second conveyor system. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the second conveyor system comprises a plurality of containers for carrying individual parts, and each singulated part space of the feed screw is sized to receive one of the containers 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the picking of a linear array of parts comprises:
picking the linear array of parts from the tray along the first conveyor, via a first set of grippers; and receiving the linear array of parts from the first set of grippers, and subsequently placing the linear array of parts into the singulated part spaces along the second conveyor, via a second set of grippers. 14. A method according to claim 14, further comprising:
rotating the part by a first rotation via the first set of grippers and; rotating the part a second rotation to provide a full inversion of the parts, via the second gripper. 15. A method according to claim 11, further comprising testing and tracking the status of parts for further handling, via a testing station. | 3,600 |
345,923 | 16,804,353 | 1,626 | The present invention relates to inhibitors of PPP1 R15A and PPP1 R15B and their use in therapy, particularly in the treatment of a disease state alleviated by the inhibition of PPP1 R15A and PPP1 R15B, for example a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins or proteostatsis disorder. Compounds of the invention include compounds having the formula IA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1a, R3a, R5a, Xa and Ya are as defined herein. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A compound of 2-(3,4,5-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or a salt thereof. 27. The compound of claim 26, wherein the compound is an E-isomer of the compound. 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (E)-2-(3,4,5-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 29. A method of treating a disorder of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 27, wherein the disorder is a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins or a proteostasis disorder. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is selected from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ataxias, retinal degeneration, glaucoma, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, tauopathies, or a prion disease. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a polyglutamine disorder. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the polyglutamine disorder is Huntington's disease. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a myelin disorder. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the myelin disorder is selected from multiple sclerosis, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, vanishing white matter disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, periventricular leukomalacia, periventricular white matter injury, Tabes Dorsalis, Devic's disease, optic neuritis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, transverse myelitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy, adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy, diffuse white matter injury, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, inherited demyelinating diseases, or Charcot Marie Tooth disease. 35. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins that arises from a mutation in a protein resulting in the protein's misfolding and mislocalization or trafficking defects. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the disorder is selected from cystic fibrosis, congenital hypothyroid goitre, familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, procollagen biosynthesis disorders, hypercholesterolemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencies, lysomal disorders, retinis pigmentosa, or inflammatory bowel disease. 37. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a metabolic disease. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the metabolic disease is selected from diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, or atherosclerosis. 39. A method of treating a subject having a disease state alleviated by the inhibition of PPP1R15A or PPP1R15B, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 27 to thereby inhibit PPP1R15A or PPP1R15B. 40. A process for preparing the pharmaceutical composition of claim 28, the process comprising combining the (E)-2-(3,4,5-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | The present invention relates to inhibitors of PPP1 R15A and PPP1 R15B and their use in therapy, particularly in the treatment of a disease state alleviated by the inhibition of PPP1 R15A and PPP1 R15B, for example a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins or proteostatsis disorder. Compounds of the invention include compounds having the formula IA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1a, R3a, R5a, Xa and Ya are as defined herein.1-25. (canceled) 26. A compound of 2-(3,4,5-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or a salt thereof. 27. The compound of claim 26, wherein the compound is an E-isomer of the compound. 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (E)-2-(3,4,5-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 29. A method of treating a disorder of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 27, wherein the disorder is a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins or a proteostasis disorder. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is selected from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ataxias, retinal degeneration, glaucoma, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, tauopathies, or a prion disease. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a polyglutamine disorder. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the polyglutamine disorder is Huntington's disease. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a myelin disorder. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the myelin disorder is selected from multiple sclerosis, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, vanishing white matter disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, periventricular leukomalacia, periventricular white matter injury, Tabes Dorsalis, Devic's disease, optic neuritis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, transverse myelitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy, adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy, diffuse white matter injury, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, inherited demyelinating diseases, or Charcot Marie Tooth disease. 35. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins that arises from a mutation in a protein resulting in the protein's misfolding and mislocalization or trafficking defects. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the disorder is selected from cystic fibrosis, congenital hypothyroid goitre, familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, procollagen biosynthesis disorders, hypercholesterolemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencies, lysomal disorders, retinis pigmentosa, or inflammatory bowel disease. 37. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a metabolic disease. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the metabolic disease is selected from diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, or atherosclerosis. 39. A method of treating a subject having a disease state alleviated by the inhibition of PPP1R15A or PPP1R15B, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 27 to thereby inhibit PPP1R15A or PPP1R15B. 40. A process for preparing the pharmaceutical composition of claim 28, the process comprising combining the (E)-2-(3,4,5-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | 1,600 |
345,924 | 16,804,366 | 1,626 | An organic electroluminescent device, a preparation method thereof, and a display apparatus thereof. The organic electroluminescent device includes an organic light emitting layer, the organic light emitting layer includes a host material and a resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; the host material is an exciplex; a singlet energy level of the exciplex is greater than a singlet energy level of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material, and a triplet energy level of the exciplex is greater than a triplet energy level of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. The present application can overcome the defects of short device lifetime and wide spectrum caused by using conventional TADF materials for emitting light at present. | 1. An organic electroluminescent device, comprising: an organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a host material and a resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material;
the host material is an exciplex; a singlet energy level of the exciplex is greater than a singlet energy level of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material, and a triplet energy level of the exciplex is larger than a triplet energy level of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. 2. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material has a structure represented by Formula [1]: 3. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 2, wherein three of adjacent X, A, M1, and M2 are connected to form a six-membered ring containing two heteroatoms;
the heteroatoms are selected from two of B, P, Si, O, S, N, and Se. 4. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 3, wherein the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material has a molecular weight of 200-2000. 5. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 4, wherein a is an integer of 1 to 6. 6. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 3, wherein the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is a compound having one of the following general formulae: 7. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 6, wherein the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is a compound having one of the following structures: 8. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the exciplex comprises an electron donor type material and an electron acceptor type material. 9. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein an energy level difference between a singlet state and a triplet state of the exciplex is less than or equal to 0.15 ev. 10. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein the electron donor type material is a compound having a hole-transport property containing at least one group of carbazolyl, arylamino, silicon group, fluorenyl, dibenzothiophenyl, and dibenzofuranyl. 11. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 10, wherein the electron donor type material is a compound having one of the following structures: 12. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein the electron acceptor type material is a compound having electron transport property containing at least one group of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, o-phenanthrolinyl, sulfonyl, heptazinyl, oxadiazolyl, cyano, and diphenylphosphonyl. 13. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 12, wherein the electron acceptor type material is a compound having one of the structures shown below: 14. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein in the exciplex, a mass ratio of the electron donor type material to the electron acceptor type material is 1:9 to 9:1. 15. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 14, wherein in the exciplex, the mass ratio of the electron donor type material to the electron acceptor type material is 1:1. 16. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the exciplex in the organic light emitting layer is 1 wt % to 99 wt %. 17. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material in the organic light emitting layer is 0.1 wt % to 50 wt %. 18. A preparation method of an organic electroluminescent device, comprising: forming an organic light emitting layer by co-evaporation of a host material source and a resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material source, the host material being an exciplex. 19. A display apparatus comprising the organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1. | An organic electroluminescent device, a preparation method thereof, and a display apparatus thereof. The organic electroluminescent device includes an organic light emitting layer, the organic light emitting layer includes a host material and a resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material; the host material is an exciplex; a singlet energy level of the exciplex is greater than a singlet energy level of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material, and a triplet energy level of the exciplex is greater than a triplet energy level of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. The present application can overcome the defects of short device lifetime and wide spectrum caused by using conventional TADF materials for emitting light at present.1. An organic electroluminescent device, comprising: an organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a host material and a resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material;
the host material is an exciplex; a singlet energy level of the exciplex is greater than a singlet energy level of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material, and a triplet energy level of the exciplex is larger than a triplet energy level of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. 2. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material has a structure represented by Formula [1]: 3. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 2, wherein three of adjacent X, A, M1, and M2 are connected to form a six-membered ring containing two heteroatoms;
the heteroatoms are selected from two of B, P, Si, O, S, N, and Se. 4. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 3, wherein the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material has a molecular weight of 200-2000. 5. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 4, wherein a is an integer of 1 to 6. 6. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 3, wherein the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is a compound having one of the following general formulae: 7. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 6, wherein the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is a compound having one of the following structures: 8. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the exciplex comprises an electron donor type material and an electron acceptor type material. 9. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein an energy level difference between a singlet state and a triplet state of the exciplex is less than or equal to 0.15 ev. 10. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein the electron donor type material is a compound having a hole-transport property containing at least one group of carbazolyl, arylamino, silicon group, fluorenyl, dibenzothiophenyl, and dibenzofuranyl. 11. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 10, wherein the electron donor type material is a compound having one of the following structures: 12. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein the electron acceptor type material is a compound having electron transport property containing at least one group of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, o-phenanthrolinyl, sulfonyl, heptazinyl, oxadiazolyl, cyano, and diphenylphosphonyl. 13. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 12, wherein the electron acceptor type material is a compound having one of the structures shown below: 14. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 8, wherein in the exciplex, a mass ratio of the electron donor type material to the electron acceptor type material is 1:9 to 9:1. 15. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 14, wherein in the exciplex, the mass ratio of the electron donor type material to the electron acceptor type material is 1:1. 16. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the exciplex in the organic light emitting layer is 1 wt % to 99 wt %. 17. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material in the organic light emitting layer is 0.1 wt % to 50 wt %. 18. A preparation method of an organic electroluminescent device, comprising: forming an organic light emitting layer by co-evaporation of a host material source and a resonance-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material source, the host material being an exciplex. 19. A display apparatus comprising the organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
345,925 | 16,804,285 | 1,626 | Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treatment of a microbiome associated disorder. Further, disclosed herein are methods and compositions for modulating short chain fatty acid production in a subject. | 1-54. (canceled) 55. A method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a composition to the subject, wherein the composition comprises a population of isolated and purified microbes that increase production of butyrate in the subject, wherein the administering of the population of isolated and purified microbes results in modulation of a nervous system of the subject, thereby treating the disorder in the subject. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe that modulates a gut-brain neural circuit in the subject. 57. The method of claim 55, wherein the nervous system is an enteric nervous system. 58. The method of claim 55, wherein the nervous system is a central nervous system. 59. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe that modulates neurotransmitter production in the subject. 60. The method of claim 55, wherein the disorder is a neurological or behavioral disorder. 61. The method of claim 55, wherein the disorder is anxiety. 62. The method of claim 55, wherein the subject has gut dysbiosis. 63. The method of claim 55, wherein the treating results in improved behavior in the subject. 64. The method of claim 55 wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. 65. The method of claim 55, wherein the subject is human. 66. The method of claim 55, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric-coated pill. 67. The method of claim 55, wherein the composition is delivered to an ileum and/or colon region of the subject's gastrointestinal tract. 68. The method of claim 55, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery. 69. The method of claim 55, wherein the composition further comprises a prebiotic. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the prebiotic is selected from the group consisting of: complex carbohydrates, complex sugars, resistant dextrins, resistant starch, amino acids, peptides, nutritional compounds, biotin, polydextrose, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), inulin, starch, lignin, psyllium, chitin, chitosan, gums, guar gum, high amylose cornstarch (HAS), cellulose, β-glucans, hemi-celluloses, lactulose, mannooligosaccharides, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), oligofructose-enriched inulin, oligofructose, oligodextrose, tagatose, trans-galactooligosaccharide, pectin, resistant starch, xylooligosaccharides (XOS), locust bean gum, β-glucan, methylcellulose, and any combination thereof. 71. The method of claim 69, wherein the prebiotic is inulin. 72. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe with a 16S rRNA sequence that comprises at least about 85% sequence identity to a 16S rRNA sequence of a microbe selected from the group consisting of: Akkermansia muciniphila, Anaerostipes caccae, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium aminophilum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium colinum, Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium indolis, Clostridium nexile, Clostridium orbiscindens, Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium xylanolyticum, Enterococcus faecium, Eubacterium hallii, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Oscillospira guilliermondii, Roseburia cecicola, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus obeum, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, Streptococcus cremoris, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus infantis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus thermophilus, Anaerofustis stercorihominis, Anaerostipes hadrus, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tetani, Coprococcus, Coprococcus eutactus, Eubacterium cylindroides, Eubacterium dolichum, Eubacterium ventriosum, Roseburia faeccis, Roseburia hominis, Roseburia intestinalis, Lacatobacillus bifidus, Acidaminococcus fermentans, Acidaminococcus intestine, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter freundii, Clostridium aminobutyricum Clostridium bartlettii, Clostridium cochlearium, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium limosum, Clostridium malenominatum, Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium peptidivorans, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium sporosphaeroides, Clostridium sticklandii, Clostridium subterminale, Clostridium symbiosum, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Eubacterium oxidoreducens, Eubacterium pyruvativorans, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Morganella morganii, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus, and any combination thereof. 73. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe with a 16S rRNA sequence that comprises at least about 97% sequence identity to a 16S rRNA sequence of a microbe selected from the group consisting of: Akkermansia muciniphila, Anaerostipes caccae, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium aminophilum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium colinum, Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium indolis, Clostridium nexile, Clostridium orbiscindens, Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium xylanolyticum, Enterococcus faecium, Eubacterium hallii, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Oscillospira guilliermondii, Roseburia cecicola, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus obeum, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, Streptococcus cremoris, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus infantis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus thermophilus, Anaerofustis stercorihominis, Anaerostipes hadrus, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tetani, Coprococcus, Coprococcus eutactus, Eubacterium cylindroides, Eubacterium dolichum, Eubacterium ventriosum, Roseburia faeccis, Roseburia hominis, Roseburia intestinalis, Lacatobacillus bifidus, Acidaminococcus fermentans, Acidaminococcus intestine, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter freundii, Clostridium aminobutyricum Clostridium bartlettii, Clostridium cochlearium, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium limosum, Clostridium malenominatum, Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium peptidivorans, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium sporosphaeroides, Clostridium sticklandii, Clostridium subterminale, Clostridium symbiosum, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Eubacterium oxidoreducens, Eubacterium pyruvativorans, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Morganella morganii, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus, and any combination thereof. 74. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe that is an obligate anaerobe. | Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treatment of a microbiome associated disorder. Further, disclosed herein are methods and compositions for modulating short chain fatty acid production in a subject.1-54. (canceled) 55. A method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a composition to the subject, wherein the composition comprises a population of isolated and purified microbes that increase production of butyrate in the subject, wherein the administering of the population of isolated and purified microbes results in modulation of a nervous system of the subject, thereby treating the disorder in the subject. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe that modulates a gut-brain neural circuit in the subject. 57. The method of claim 55, wherein the nervous system is an enteric nervous system. 58. The method of claim 55, wherein the nervous system is a central nervous system. 59. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe that modulates neurotransmitter production in the subject. 60. The method of claim 55, wherein the disorder is a neurological or behavioral disorder. 61. The method of claim 55, wherein the disorder is anxiety. 62. The method of claim 55, wherein the subject has gut dysbiosis. 63. The method of claim 55, wherein the treating results in improved behavior in the subject. 64. The method of claim 55 wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. 65. The method of claim 55, wherein the subject is human. 66. The method of claim 55, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric-coated pill. 67. The method of claim 55, wherein the composition is delivered to an ileum and/or colon region of the subject's gastrointestinal tract. 68. The method of claim 55, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery. 69. The method of claim 55, wherein the composition further comprises a prebiotic. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the prebiotic is selected from the group consisting of: complex carbohydrates, complex sugars, resistant dextrins, resistant starch, amino acids, peptides, nutritional compounds, biotin, polydextrose, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), inulin, starch, lignin, psyllium, chitin, chitosan, gums, guar gum, high amylose cornstarch (HAS), cellulose, β-glucans, hemi-celluloses, lactulose, mannooligosaccharides, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), oligofructose-enriched inulin, oligofructose, oligodextrose, tagatose, trans-galactooligosaccharide, pectin, resistant starch, xylooligosaccharides (XOS), locust bean gum, β-glucan, methylcellulose, and any combination thereof. 71. The method of claim 69, wherein the prebiotic is inulin. 72. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe with a 16S rRNA sequence that comprises at least about 85% sequence identity to a 16S rRNA sequence of a microbe selected from the group consisting of: Akkermansia muciniphila, Anaerostipes caccae, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium aminophilum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium colinum, Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium indolis, Clostridium nexile, Clostridium orbiscindens, Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium xylanolyticum, Enterococcus faecium, Eubacterium hallii, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Oscillospira guilliermondii, Roseburia cecicola, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus obeum, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, Streptococcus cremoris, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus infantis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus thermophilus, Anaerofustis stercorihominis, Anaerostipes hadrus, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tetani, Coprococcus, Coprococcus eutactus, Eubacterium cylindroides, Eubacterium dolichum, Eubacterium ventriosum, Roseburia faeccis, Roseburia hominis, Roseburia intestinalis, Lacatobacillus bifidus, Acidaminococcus fermentans, Acidaminococcus intestine, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter freundii, Clostridium aminobutyricum Clostridium bartlettii, Clostridium cochlearium, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium limosum, Clostridium malenominatum, Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium peptidivorans, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium sporosphaeroides, Clostridium sticklandii, Clostridium subterminale, Clostridium symbiosum, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Eubacterium oxidoreducens, Eubacterium pyruvativorans, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Morganella morganii, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus, and any combination thereof. 73. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe with a 16S rRNA sequence that comprises at least about 97% sequence identity to a 16S rRNA sequence of a microbe selected from the group consisting of: Akkermansia muciniphila, Anaerostipes caccae, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium aminophilum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium colinum, Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium indolis, Clostridium nexile, Clostridium orbiscindens, Clostridium propionicum, Clostridium xylanolyticum, Enterococcus faecium, Eubacterium hallii, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Oscillospira guilliermondii, Roseburia cecicola, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus obeum, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, Streptococcus cremoris, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus infantis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus thermophilus, Anaerofustis stercorihominis, Anaerostipes hadrus, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tetani, Coprococcus, Coprococcus eutactus, Eubacterium cylindroides, Eubacterium dolichum, Eubacterium ventriosum, Roseburia faeccis, Roseburia hominis, Roseburia intestinalis, Lacatobacillus bifidus, Acidaminococcus fermentans, Acidaminococcus intestine, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter freundii, Clostridium aminobutyricum Clostridium bartlettii, Clostridium cochlearium, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium limosum, Clostridium malenominatum, Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium peptidivorans, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium sporosphaeroides, Clostridium sticklandii, Clostridium subterminale, Clostridium symbiosum, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Eubacterium oxidoreducens, Eubacterium pyruvativorans, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Morganella morganii, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus, and any combination thereof. 74. The method of claim 55, wherein the population of isolated and purified microbes comprises a microbe that is an obligate anaerobe. | 1,600 |
345,926 | 16,804,361 | 1,645 | A method and system of reducing the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in a human being includes the use of a bioadhesive strip that binds to a person's mucosal membrane for at least 1 hour while inside a person's mouth, where the strip has a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-biofilm agent, compounds that facilitate the growth of desired bacteria beneficial to a person's health, and an antibiotic effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The method and system reduces the virulence factor gingipain. In other embodiments, the likelihood that a subject will suffer from Alzheimer's Disease is reduced by administering, via local gingival application to a subject that has been diagnosed with periodontitis, an effective amount of an antibiotic effective to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the subject. | 1. A method of reducing the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in
a human being, comprising, providing a bioadhesive strip to a human being who has been diagnosed with periodontitis, wherein said strip has a first and second side, the first side having a bioadhesive that is adapted to bind to a mucosal membrane for at least 1 hour while inside a person's mouth, said strip being devoid of at least one of copper and manganese, and wherein said strip includes at least about 200 mg xylitol; administering to the human being Porphyromonas gingivalis that has been modified by using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic (CRISPR) CRISPR associated protein (Cas) system or a CRISPR/Cpf1 system to reduce the virulence factor gingipain. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said strip is devoid of manganese. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said strip further comprises an effective amount of paquinimod to inhibit collagenase activity. 4. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said strip includes between 0.2 and 0.9% xylitol by weight. 5. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said strip comprises bioluminescent material. 6. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said strip has a surface topography for resisting bioadhesion and a pattern defined by a plurality of spaced apart features attached to or projected into a base surface, said plurality of features each having at least one microscale dimension and having at least one neighboring feature having a substantially different geometry, wherein an average spacing between adjacent ones of said features is between 0.5 and 5 microns. 7. The method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone. 8. A method of reducing the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in a human being comprising,
providing a bioadhesive strip to a human being who has been diagnosed with periodontitis, said strip binding to a mucosal membrane of said human being, the strip having a first and second side, the first side having a bioadhesive that binds to a mucosal membrane for at least 1 hour while inside a person's mouth, wherein said strip comprises a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-biofilm agent, and compounds that facilitate the growth of desired bacteria beneficial to a person's health; and orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being, wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone, and wherein the method reduces the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in the human being and reduces the virulence factor gingipain. 9. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising administering to the human being Porphyromonas gingivalis that has been modified by using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic (CRISPR) CRISPR associated protein (Cas) system or a CRISPR/Cpf1 system to reduce the virulence factor gingipain. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein said strip is devoid of manganese. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein said strip further comprises an effective amount of paquinimod to inhibit collagenase activity. 12. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip includes between 0.2 and 0.9% xylitol by weight. 13. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip comprises bioluminescent material. 14. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone. 15. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip includes at least about 200 mg xylitol. 16. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip includes an effective amount of paquinimod to inhibit collagenase activity. 17. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip has a surface topography for resisting bioadhesion and a pattern defined by a plurality of spaced apart features attached to or projected into a base surface, said plurality of features each having at least one microscale dimension and having at least one neighboring feature having a substantially different geometry, wherein an average spacing between adjacent ones of said features is between 0.5 and 5 microns. 18. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone. 19. A method of reducing the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in a human being comprising,
providing a bioadhesive strip to a human being who has been diagnosed with periodontitis, said strip binding to a mucosal membrane of said human being, the strip having a first and second side, the first side having a bioadhesive that binds to a mucosal membrane for at least 1 hour while inside a person's mouth, wherein said strip comprises compounds that facilitate the growth of desired bacteria beneficial to a person's health; orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being, wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone; and administering to the human being Porphyromonas gingivalis that has been modified by using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic (CRISPR) CRISPR associated protein (Cas) system or a CRISPR/Cpf1 system to reduce the virulence factor gingipain. 20. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said strip includes at least about 200 mg xylitol. | A method and system of reducing the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in a human being includes the use of a bioadhesive strip that binds to a person's mucosal membrane for at least 1 hour while inside a person's mouth, where the strip has a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-biofilm agent, compounds that facilitate the growth of desired bacteria beneficial to a person's health, and an antibiotic effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The method and system reduces the virulence factor gingipain. In other embodiments, the likelihood that a subject will suffer from Alzheimer's Disease is reduced by administering, via local gingival application to a subject that has been diagnosed with periodontitis, an effective amount of an antibiotic effective to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the subject.1. A method of reducing the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in
a human being, comprising, providing a bioadhesive strip to a human being who has been diagnosed with periodontitis, wherein said strip has a first and second side, the first side having a bioadhesive that is adapted to bind to a mucosal membrane for at least 1 hour while inside a person's mouth, said strip being devoid of at least one of copper and manganese, and wherein said strip includes at least about 200 mg xylitol; administering to the human being Porphyromonas gingivalis that has been modified by using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic (CRISPR) CRISPR associated protein (Cas) system or a CRISPR/Cpf1 system to reduce the virulence factor gingipain. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said strip is devoid of manganese. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said strip further comprises an effective amount of paquinimod to inhibit collagenase activity. 4. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said strip includes between 0.2 and 0.9% xylitol by weight. 5. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said strip comprises bioluminescent material. 6. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said strip has a surface topography for resisting bioadhesion and a pattern defined by a plurality of spaced apart features attached to or projected into a base surface, said plurality of features each having at least one microscale dimension and having at least one neighboring feature having a substantially different geometry, wherein an average spacing between adjacent ones of said features is between 0.5 and 5 microns. 7. The method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone. 8. A method of reducing the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in a human being comprising,
providing a bioadhesive strip to a human being who has been diagnosed with periodontitis, said strip binding to a mucosal membrane of said human being, the strip having a first and second side, the first side having a bioadhesive that binds to a mucosal membrane for at least 1 hour while inside a person's mouth, wherein said strip comprises a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-biofilm agent, and compounds that facilitate the growth of desired bacteria beneficial to a person's health; and orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being, wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone, and wherein the method reduces the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in the human being and reduces the virulence factor gingipain. 9. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising administering to the human being Porphyromonas gingivalis that has been modified by using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic (CRISPR) CRISPR associated protein (Cas) system or a CRISPR/Cpf1 system to reduce the virulence factor gingipain. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein said strip is devoid of manganese. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein said strip further comprises an effective amount of paquinimod to inhibit collagenase activity. 12. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip includes between 0.2 and 0.9% xylitol by weight. 13. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip comprises bioluminescent material. 14. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone. 15. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip includes at least about 200 mg xylitol. 16. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip includes an effective amount of paquinimod to inhibit collagenase activity. 17. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein said strip has a surface topography for resisting bioadhesion and a pattern defined by a plurality of spaced apart features attached to or projected into a base surface, said plurality of features each having at least one microscale dimension and having at least one neighboring feature having a substantially different geometry, wherein an average spacing between adjacent ones of said features is between 0.5 and 5 microns. 18. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone. 19. A method of reducing the likelihood of a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in a human being comprising,
providing a bioadhesive strip to a human being who has been diagnosed with periodontitis, said strip binding to a mucosal membrane of said human being, the strip having a first and second side, the first side having a bioadhesive that binds to a mucosal membrane for at least 1 hour while inside a person's mouth, wherein said strip comprises compounds that facilitate the growth of desired bacteria beneficial to a person's health; orally administering to the subgingival tooth area of the human being an antibiotic in an effective amount to kill Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria residing on the subgingival tooth area of the human being, wherein said antibiotic comprises one of azithromycin and ceftriaxone; and administering to the human being Porphyromonas gingivalis that has been modified by using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic (CRISPR) CRISPR associated protein (Cas) system or a CRISPR/Cpf1 system to reduce the virulence factor gingipain. 20. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said strip includes at least about 200 mg xylitol. | 1,600 |
345,927 | 16,804,345 | 1,645 | An apparatus such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) includes shader engines and front end (FE) circuits. Subsets of the FE circuits are configured to schedule commands for execution on corresponding subsets of the shader engines. The apparatus also includes a set of physical paths configured to convey information from the FE circuits to a memory via the shader engines. Subsets of the physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the FE circuits and the corresponding subsets of the shader engines. The apparatus further includes a scheduler configured to receive a reconfiguration request and modify the set of physical paths based on the reconfiguration request. In some cases, the reconfiguration request is provided by a central processing unit (CPU) that requests the modification based on characteristics of applications generating the commands. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a set of shader engines; a set of front end (FE) circuits, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule commands for execution on corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; a set of physical paths configured to convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines, wherein subsets of the set of physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; and a scheduler configured to receive a reconfiguration request and modify the set of physical paths based on the reconfiguration request. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the scheduler is configured to receive the reconfiguration request in a first packet from a central processing unit (CPU) that is executing at least one first application to generate the commands for execution on the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the scheduler is configured to transmit a second packet indicating completion of execution of at least one of the commands, and wherein the scheduler is configured to receive the first packet in response to transmitting the second packet. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the reconfiguration request includes information generated by the CPU based on characteristics of the at least one first application and at least one second application that is to be subsequently executed by at least one of the set of shader engines. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a set of registers configured to store information that configures the set of physical paths, wherein the scheduler is configured to program the set of registers based on the reconfiguration request. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
a command bus that implements a set of lanes, wherein the scheduler is configured to allocate subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of physical paths; a cache that is shared by the set of shader engines, wherein the scheduler is configured to partition the cache into portions that are allocated to the subsets of the set of physical paths; and a data fabric that supports a set of memory channels between the cache and the memory, wherein the scheduler is configured to allocate subsets of the set of memory channels to the subsets of the set of physical paths. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the set of registers comprises:
a first subset of the set of registers configured to store information indicating a mapping of the subsets of the FE circuits to the corresponding subsets of the shader engines; a second subset of the set of registers configured to store information indicating the allocation of the subsets of the set of lanes of the command bus to the subsets of the set of physical paths; a third subset of the set of registers to store information indicating the allocation of the portions of the cache to the subsets of the set of physical paths; and a fourth subset of the set of registers to store information indicating the allocation of the subsets of the set of memory channels to the subsets of the physical paths. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the scheduler is configured to modify allocations of the subsets of the set of lanes, the portions of the cache, and allocations of the subsets of the set of memory channels based on the reconfiguration request. 9. A method comprising:
receiving a reconfiguration request indicating a modification to a set of physical paths that convey information from a set of front end (FE) circuits to a memory via a set of shader engines, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule commands for execution on corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; modifying allocation of the set of physical paths to applications that are generating the commands for execution on the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; and dispatching the commands from the subsets of the set of FE circuits to the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines via the modified allocation of the set of physical paths. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the reconfiguration request comprises receiving the reconfiguration request in a first packet from a central processing unit (CPU) that is executing the applications to generate the commands for execution on the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transmitting a second packet indicating completion of execution of at least one of the commands; and receiving the first packet in response to transmitting the second packet. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
executing first commands for a first application on a first subset of the set of shader engines associated with a first subset of the set of physical paths and second commands for at least one second application on at least one second subset of the set of shader engines associated with at least one second subset of the set of physical paths; transmitting the second packet in response to the first subset of the set of shader engines completing execution of the first commands; and receiving the first packet including information indicating a modification of the allocation of the set of physical paths to support the at least one second application and at least one third application. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
modifying the allocation of the set of physical paths from a first allocation for the first application and the at least one second application to a second allocation for the at least one second application and the at least one third application. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first packet includes information generated by the CPU based on characteristics of the at least one second application and the at least one third application. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein modifying the allocation of the set of physical paths comprises programming, based on the reconfiguration request, a set of registers configured to store information that configures the set of physical paths. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein programming the set of registers comprises:
programming a first subset of the set of registers configured to store information that maps the subsets of the FE circuits to the corresponding subsets of the shader engines; programming a second subset of the set of registers configured to store information indicating allocation of subsets of a set of lanes of a command bus to the subsets of the set of physical paths; programming a third subset of the set of registers to store information indicating allocation of portions of a cache to the subsets of the set of physical paths; and programming a fourth subset of the set of registers to store information indicating allocation of subsets of a set of memory channels to the subsets of the physical paths. 17. A first processing unit comprising:
at least one application to generate commands for execution on a second processing unit that comprises:
a set of shader engines,
a set of front end (FE) circuits, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule commands for execution on corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines, and
a set of physical paths configured to convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines, wherein subsets of the set of physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines;
an operating system (OS) configured to determine a reconfiguration of the set of physical paths in the second processing unit in response to a change in the at least one application; and an application programming interface (API) configured to transmit a request for the reconfiguration of the second processing unit. 18. The first processing unit of claim 17, wherein the API is configured to receive a first packet including information indicating that the second processing unit has completed execution of at least one of the commands. 19. The first processing unit of claim 18, wherein the OS is configured to determine the reconfiguration of the set of physical paths in response to receiving the first packet. 20. The first processing unit of claim 19, wherein the at least one application comprises a first application and at least one second application, and wherein the first packet indicates that the second processing unit has completed execution of commands for the first application. 21. The first processing unit of claim 20, wherein the OS is configured to select at least one third application for concurrent execution with the at least one second application on the second processing unit in response to receiving the first packet. 22. The first processing unit of claim 21, wherein the OS is configured to determine the reconfiguration of the set of physical paths based on characteristics of the at least one second application and the at least one third application. 23. The first processing unit of claim 22, wherein the API is configured to transmit the request for the reconfiguration of the second processing unit prior to initiating concurrent execution of commands for the at least one second application and the at least one third application on the second processing unit. | An apparatus such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) includes shader engines and front end (FE) circuits. Subsets of the FE circuits are configured to schedule commands for execution on corresponding subsets of the shader engines. The apparatus also includes a set of physical paths configured to convey information from the FE circuits to a memory via the shader engines. Subsets of the physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the FE circuits and the corresponding subsets of the shader engines. The apparatus further includes a scheduler configured to receive a reconfiguration request and modify the set of physical paths based on the reconfiguration request. In some cases, the reconfiguration request is provided by a central processing unit (CPU) that requests the modification based on characteristics of applications generating the commands.1. An apparatus comprising:
a set of shader engines; a set of front end (FE) circuits, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule commands for execution on corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; a set of physical paths configured to convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines, wherein subsets of the set of physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; and a scheduler configured to receive a reconfiguration request and modify the set of physical paths based on the reconfiguration request. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the scheduler is configured to receive the reconfiguration request in a first packet from a central processing unit (CPU) that is executing at least one first application to generate the commands for execution on the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the scheduler is configured to transmit a second packet indicating completion of execution of at least one of the commands, and wherein the scheduler is configured to receive the first packet in response to transmitting the second packet. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the reconfiguration request includes information generated by the CPU based on characteristics of the at least one first application and at least one second application that is to be subsequently executed by at least one of the set of shader engines. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a set of registers configured to store information that configures the set of physical paths, wherein the scheduler is configured to program the set of registers based on the reconfiguration request. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
a command bus that implements a set of lanes, wherein the scheduler is configured to allocate subsets of the set of lanes to the subsets of the set of physical paths; a cache that is shared by the set of shader engines, wherein the scheduler is configured to partition the cache into portions that are allocated to the subsets of the set of physical paths; and a data fabric that supports a set of memory channels between the cache and the memory, wherein the scheduler is configured to allocate subsets of the set of memory channels to the subsets of the set of physical paths. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the set of registers comprises:
a first subset of the set of registers configured to store information indicating a mapping of the subsets of the FE circuits to the corresponding subsets of the shader engines; a second subset of the set of registers configured to store information indicating the allocation of the subsets of the set of lanes of the command bus to the subsets of the set of physical paths; a third subset of the set of registers to store information indicating the allocation of the portions of the cache to the subsets of the set of physical paths; and a fourth subset of the set of registers to store information indicating the allocation of the subsets of the set of memory channels to the subsets of the physical paths. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the scheduler is configured to modify allocations of the subsets of the set of lanes, the portions of the cache, and allocations of the subsets of the set of memory channels based on the reconfiguration request. 9. A method comprising:
receiving a reconfiguration request indicating a modification to a set of physical paths that convey information from a set of front end (FE) circuits to a memory via a set of shader engines, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule commands for execution on corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; modifying allocation of the set of physical paths to applications that are generating the commands for execution on the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines; and dispatching the commands from the subsets of the set of FE circuits to the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines via the modified allocation of the set of physical paths. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the reconfiguration request comprises receiving the reconfiguration request in a first packet from a central processing unit (CPU) that is executing the applications to generate the commands for execution on the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transmitting a second packet indicating completion of execution of at least one of the commands; and receiving the first packet in response to transmitting the second packet. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
executing first commands for a first application on a first subset of the set of shader engines associated with a first subset of the set of physical paths and second commands for at least one second application on at least one second subset of the set of shader engines associated with at least one second subset of the set of physical paths; transmitting the second packet in response to the first subset of the set of shader engines completing execution of the first commands; and receiving the first packet including information indicating a modification of the allocation of the set of physical paths to support the at least one second application and at least one third application. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
modifying the allocation of the set of physical paths from a first allocation for the first application and the at least one second application to a second allocation for the at least one second application and the at least one third application. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first packet includes information generated by the CPU based on characteristics of the at least one second application and the at least one third application. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein modifying the allocation of the set of physical paths comprises programming, based on the reconfiguration request, a set of registers configured to store information that configures the set of physical paths. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein programming the set of registers comprises:
programming a first subset of the set of registers configured to store information that maps the subsets of the FE circuits to the corresponding subsets of the shader engines; programming a second subset of the set of registers configured to store information indicating allocation of subsets of a set of lanes of a command bus to the subsets of the set of physical paths; programming a third subset of the set of registers to store information indicating allocation of portions of a cache to the subsets of the set of physical paths; and programming a fourth subset of the set of registers to store information indicating allocation of subsets of a set of memory channels to the subsets of the physical paths. 17. A first processing unit comprising:
at least one application to generate commands for execution on a second processing unit that comprises:
a set of shader engines,
a set of front end (FE) circuits, wherein subsets of the set of FE circuits are configured to schedule commands for execution on corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines, and
a set of physical paths configured to convey information from the set of FE circuits to a memory via the set of shader engines, wherein subsets of the set of physical paths are allocated to the subsets of the set of FE circuits and the corresponding subsets of the set of shader engines;
an operating system (OS) configured to determine a reconfiguration of the set of physical paths in the second processing unit in response to a change in the at least one application; and an application programming interface (API) configured to transmit a request for the reconfiguration of the second processing unit. 18. The first processing unit of claim 17, wherein the API is configured to receive a first packet including information indicating that the second processing unit has completed execution of at least one of the commands. 19. The first processing unit of claim 18, wherein the OS is configured to determine the reconfiguration of the set of physical paths in response to receiving the first packet. 20. The first processing unit of claim 19, wherein the at least one application comprises a first application and at least one second application, and wherein the first packet indicates that the second processing unit has completed execution of commands for the first application. 21. The first processing unit of claim 20, wherein the OS is configured to select at least one third application for concurrent execution with the at least one second application on the second processing unit in response to receiving the first packet. 22. The first processing unit of claim 21, wherein the OS is configured to determine the reconfiguration of the set of physical paths based on characteristics of the at least one second application and the at least one third application. 23. The first processing unit of claim 22, wherein the API is configured to transmit the request for the reconfiguration of the second processing unit prior to initiating concurrent execution of commands for the at least one second application and the at least one third application on the second processing unit. | 1,600 |
345,928 | 16,804,348 | 1,645 | A system may include a pre-charge stage and a voltage converter. The pre-charge stage may include a controller circuit configured to generate a control voltage and a current regulator electrically coupled to the controller circuit and configured to generate a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage. The voltage converter may include a capacitor, a hold capacitor, and switches. The capacitor may include a first plate and a voltage on the first plate may be equal to the first voltage. The capacitor may include a second plate and a voltage on the second plate may be equal to the second voltage. The hold capacitor may include a plate and a voltage on the plate may be equal to the third voltage. The current regulator may be configured to regulate a current on the switches during accumulation of an initial charge on the capacitor and the hold capacitor. | 1. A system comprising:
a pre-charge stage comprising:
a controller circuit configured to generate a control voltage based on an input voltage; and
a current regulator electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the current regulator configured to generate a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage based on the input voltage and the control voltage; and
a voltage converter comprising:
a capacitor comprising:
a first plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the first plate being equal to the first voltage; and
a second plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the second plate being equal to the second voltage;
a hold capacitor comprising a plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the plate being equal to the third voltage; and
a plurality of switches electrically coupled to the capacitor and the hold capacitor, the current regulator is further configured to regulate a current on the switches during accumulation of an initial charge on the capacitor and the hold capacitor. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the controller circuit is further configured to compare the input voltage to a scaled feedback voltage and the control voltage is based on the comparison; the current regulator is further configured to generate a feedback voltage based on the first voltage and the third voltage; and the system further comprises a feedback circuit electrically coupled to the controller circuit and the current regulator, the feedback circuit configured to scale the feedback voltage to the scaled feedback voltage. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller circuit is further configured to generate the control voltage based on the comparison and an enable voltage. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller circuit is further configured to generate the control voltage based on the comparison and a gain voltage. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the gain voltage is a digital voltage and a low voltage indicates a first gain setting is to be used in the voltage converter and a high voltage indicates a second gain setting is to be used in the voltage converter. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the feedback voltage comprises a first feedback voltage and a second feedback voltage, and the controller circuit comprises:
a voltage regulator configured to scale the input voltage to a scaled input voltage; a first comparator electrically coupled to the voltage regulator, the first comparator configured to:
compare the scaled input voltage to a first scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a first comparison voltage based on the comparison; and
a second comparator electrically coupled to the voltage regulator, the second comparator configured to:
compare the scaled input voltage to a second scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a second comparison voltage based on the comparison, wherein:
the feedback circuit is configured to:
generate the first scaled feedback voltage based on the first feedback voltage; and
generate the second scaled feedback voltage based on the second feedback voltage; and
the control voltage is based on the first comparison voltage and the second comparison voltage. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the voltage regulator is configured as a voltage divider and the scaled input voltage is a divided version of the input voltage. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the feedback circuit comprises:
a first feedback voltage regulator configured as a voltage divider and the first scaled feedback voltage is a divided version of the first feedback voltage; and a second feedback voltage regulator configured as a voltage divider and the second scaled feedback voltage is a divided version of the second feedback voltage. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the control voltage comprises a first control voltage, a second control voltage, a third control voltage, and a fourth control voltage, the current regulator comprises:
a first switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the first switch is configured to transition between an open position and a closed position based on the first control voltage, in the closed position the first switch propagates the input voltage such that the first voltage is equal to the input voltage; a second switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the second switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the second control voltage, in the closed position the second switch propagates the input voltage such that the third voltage is equal to the input voltage; a third switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the third switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the third control voltage, in the closed position the third switch propagates the third voltage such that the second voltage is equal to the third voltage; and a fourth switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the fourth switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the fourth control voltage, in the closed position the fourth switch causes the second voltage be equal to ground. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the first switch comprises a first P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), the second switch comprises a second P-channel MOSFET, the third switch comprises a third P-channel MOSFET, and the fourth switch comprises an N-channel MOSFET. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first inverter configured to generate an inverted gain voltage based on a gain voltage; a second inverter electrically coupled to the second comparator, the second inverter is configured to generate an inverted second comparison voltage based on the second comparison voltage; a first OR gate electrically coupled to the first inverter and the first comparator, the first OR gate is configured to generate a first OR voltage based on the first comparison voltage and the inverted gain voltage; a second OR gate electrically coupled to the first inverter and the second comparator, the second OR gate is configured to generate a second OR voltage based on the second comparison voltage and the inverted gain voltage; and a third OR gate electrically coupled the first inverter and the second inverter, the third OR gate is configured to generate a third OR voltage based on the inverted gain voltage and the inverted second comparison voltage, the control voltage is based on the first OR voltage, the second OR voltage, and the third OR voltage. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first AND gate electrically coupled to the first OR gate, the first AND gate configured to generate a first AND voltage based on the first OR voltage and an enable voltage; a second AND gate electrically coupled to the second OR gate, the second AND gate configured to generate a second AND voltage based on the second OR voltage and the enable voltage; and a third AND gate electrically coupled to the third OR gate, the third AND gate configured to generate a third AND voltage based on the third OR voltage and the enable voltage, the control voltage is based on the first AND voltage, the second AND voltage, and the third AND voltage. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the first AND gate, the first voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the first control voltage based on the input voltage and the first AND voltage; a second voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the second AND gate, the second voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the second control voltage based on the input voltage and the second AND voltage; a third voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the third AND gate, the third voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the third control voltage based on the second feedback voltage and the third AND voltage; and wherein:
the first voltage is based on the first control voltage;
the second voltage is based on the second control voltage; and
the third voltage is based on the third control voltage and the fourth control voltage. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller circuit further comprises a buffer configured to generate the fourth control voltage based on the gain voltage. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein a pre-charge phase ends after a programmable time period and an operation phase starts, wherein the current on the switches at initiation of the operation phase is reduced due to the capacitor and the hold capacitor being pre-charged by the current regulator. 16. A system comprising:
a pre-charge stage comprising:
a controller circuit configured to:
compare an input voltage to a scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a control voltage based on the comparison;
a current regulator electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the current regulator configured to:
generate a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage based on the input voltage and the control voltage; and
generate a feedback voltage based on the first voltage and the third voltage;
a feedback circuit electrically coupled to the controller circuit and the current regulator, the feedback circuit configured to scale the feedback voltage to the scaled feedback voltage; and
a voltage converter comprising:
a capacitor comprising:
a first plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the first plate being equal to the first voltage; and
a second plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the second plate being equal to the second voltage;
a hold capacitor comprising a plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the plate being equal to the third voltage; and
a plurality of switches electrically coupled to the capacitor and the hold capacitor, the current regulator is further configured to regulate a current on the switches during accumulation of an initial charge on the capacitor and the hold capacitor. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the feedback voltage comprises a first feedback voltage and a second feedback voltage, and the controller circuit comprises:
a voltage regulator configured to scale the input voltage to a scaled input voltage; a first comparator electrically coupled to the voltage regulator, the first comparator configured to:
compare the scaled input voltage to a first scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a first comparison voltage based on the comparison; and
a second comparator electrically coupled to the voltage regulator, the second comparator configured to:
compare the scaled input voltage to a second scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a second comparison voltage based on the comparison, wherein:
the feedback circuit is configured to:
generate the first scaled feedback voltage based on the first feedback voltage; and
generate the second scaled feedback voltage based on the second feedback voltage; and
the control voltage is based on the first comparison voltage and the second comparison voltage. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the control voltage comprises a first control voltage, a second control voltage, a third control voltage, and a fourth control voltage, the current regulator comprises:
a first switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the first switch is configured to transition between an open position and a closed position based on the first control voltage, in the closed position the first switch propagates the input voltage such that the first voltage is equal to the input voltage; a second switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the second switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the second control voltage, in the closed position the second switch propagates the input voltage such that the third voltage is equal to the input voltage; a third switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the third switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the third control voltage, in the closed position the third switch propagates the third voltage such that the second voltage is equal to the third voltage; and a fourth switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the fourth switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the fourth control voltage, in the closed position the fourth switch causes the second voltage be equal to ground. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first inverter configured to generate an inverted gain voltage based on a gain voltage; a second inverter electrically coupled to the second comparator, the second inverter is configured to generate an inverted second comparison voltage based on the second comparison voltage; a first OR gate electrically coupled to the first inverter and the first comparator, the first OR gate is configured to generate a first OR voltage based on the first comparison voltage and the inverted gain voltage; a second OR gate electrically coupled to the first inverter and the second comparator, the second OR gate is configured to generate a second OR voltage based on the second comparison voltage and the inverted gain voltage; and a third OR gate electrically coupled the first inverter and the second inverter, the third OR gate is configured to generate a third OR voltage based on the inverted gain voltage and the inverted second comparison voltage, the control voltage is based on the first OR voltage, the second OR voltage, and the third OR voltage. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first AND gate electrically coupled to the first OR gate, the first AND gate configured to generate a first AND voltage based on the first OR voltage and an enable voltage; a second AND gate electrically coupled to the second OR gate, the second AND gate configured to generate a second AND voltage based on the second OR voltage and the enable voltage; a third AND gate electrically coupled to the third OR gate, the third AND gate configured to generate a third AND voltage based on the third OR voltage and the enable voltage, the control voltage is based on the first AND voltage, the second AND voltage, and the third AND voltage. a first voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the first AND gate, the first voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the first control voltage based on the input voltage and the first AND voltage; a second voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the second AND gate, the second voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the second control voltage based on the input voltage and the second AND voltage; a third voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the third AND gate, the third voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the third control voltage based on the second feedback voltage and the third AND voltage; and wherein:
the first voltage is based on the first control voltage;
the second voltage is based on the second control voltage; and
the third voltage is based on the third control voltage and the fourth control voltage. | A system may include a pre-charge stage and a voltage converter. The pre-charge stage may include a controller circuit configured to generate a control voltage and a current regulator electrically coupled to the controller circuit and configured to generate a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage. The voltage converter may include a capacitor, a hold capacitor, and switches. The capacitor may include a first plate and a voltage on the first plate may be equal to the first voltage. The capacitor may include a second plate and a voltage on the second plate may be equal to the second voltage. The hold capacitor may include a plate and a voltage on the plate may be equal to the third voltage. The current regulator may be configured to regulate a current on the switches during accumulation of an initial charge on the capacitor and the hold capacitor.1. A system comprising:
a pre-charge stage comprising:
a controller circuit configured to generate a control voltage based on an input voltage; and
a current regulator electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the current regulator configured to generate a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage based on the input voltage and the control voltage; and
a voltage converter comprising:
a capacitor comprising:
a first plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the first plate being equal to the first voltage; and
a second plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the second plate being equal to the second voltage;
a hold capacitor comprising a plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the plate being equal to the third voltage; and
a plurality of switches electrically coupled to the capacitor and the hold capacitor, the current regulator is further configured to regulate a current on the switches during accumulation of an initial charge on the capacitor and the hold capacitor. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the controller circuit is further configured to compare the input voltage to a scaled feedback voltage and the control voltage is based on the comparison; the current regulator is further configured to generate a feedback voltage based on the first voltage and the third voltage; and the system further comprises a feedback circuit electrically coupled to the controller circuit and the current regulator, the feedback circuit configured to scale the feedback voltage to the scaled feedback voltage. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller circuit is further configured to generate the control voltage based on the comparison and an enable voltage. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller circuit is further configured to generate the control voltage based on the comparison and a gain voltage. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the gain voltage is a digital voltage and a low voltage indicates a first gain setting is to be used in the voltage converter and a high voltage indicates a second gain setting is to be used in the voltage converter. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the feedback voltage comprises a first feedback voltage and a second feedback voltage, and the controller circuit comprises:
a voltage regulator configured to scale the input voltage to a scaled input voltage; a first comparator electrically coupled to the voltage regulator, the first comparator configured to:
compare the scaled input voltage to a first scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a first comparison voltage based on the comparison; and
a second comparator electrically coupled to the voltage regulator, the second comparator configured to:
compare the scaled input voltage to a second scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a second comparison voltage based on the comparison, wherein:
the feedback circuit is configured to:
generate the first scaled feedback voltage based on the first feedback voltage; and
generate the second scaled feedback voltage based on the second feedback voltage; and
the control voltage is based on the first comparison voltage and the second comparison voltage. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the voltage regulator is configured as a voltage divider and the scaled input voltage is a divided version of the input voltage. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the feedback circuit comprises:
a first feedback voltage regulator configured as a voltage divider and the first scaled feedback voltage is a divided version of the first feedback voltage; and a second feedback voltage regulator configured as a voltage divider and the second scaled feedback voltage is a divided version of the second feedback voltage. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the control voltage comprises a first control voltage, a second control voltage, a third control voltage, and a fourth control voltage, the current regulator comprises:
a first switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the first switch is configured to transition between an open position and a closed position based on the first control voltage, in the closed position the first switch propagates the input voltage such that the first voltage is equal to the input voltage; a second switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the second switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the second control voltage, in the closed position the second switch propagates the input voltage such that the third voltage is equal to the input voltage; a third switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the third switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the third control voltage, in the closed position the third switch propagates the third voltage such that the second voltage is equal to the third voltage; and a fourth switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the fourth switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the fourth control voltage, in the closed position the fourth switch causes the second voltage be equal to ground. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the first switch comprises a first P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), the second switch comprises a second P-channel MOSFET, the third switch comprises a third P-channel MOSFET, and the fourth switch comprises an N-channel MOSFET. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first inverter configured to generate an inverted gain voltage based on a gain voltage; a second inverter electrically coupled to the second comparator, the second inverter is configured to generate an inverted second comparison voltage based on the second comparison voltage; a first OR gate electrically coupled to the first inverter and the first comparator, the first OR gate is configured to generate a first OR voltage based on the first comparison voltage and the inverted gain voltage; a second OR gate electrically coupled to the first inverter and the second comparator, the second OR gate is configured to generate a second OR voltage based on the second comparison voltage and the inverted gain voltage; and a third OR gate electrically coupled the first inverter and the second inverter, the third OR gate is configured to generate a third OR voltage based on the inverted gain voltage and the inverted second comparison voltage, the control voltage is based on the first OR voltage, the second OR voltage, and the third OR voltage. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first AND gate electrically coupled to the first OR gate, the first AND gate configured to generate a first AND voltage based on the first OR voltage and an enable voltage; a second AND gate electrically coupled to the second OR gate, the second AND gate configured to generate a second AND voltage based on the second OR voltage and the enable voltage; and a third AND gate electrically coupled to the third OR gate, the third AND gate configured to generate a third AND voltage based on the third OR voltage and the enable voltage, the control voltage is based on the first AND voltage, the second AND voltage, and the third AND voltage. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the first AND gate, the first voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the first control voltage based on the input voltage and the first AND voltage; a second voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the second AND gate, the second voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the second control voltage based on the input voltage and the second AND voltage; a third voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the third AND gate, the third voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the third control voltage based on the second feedback voltage and the third AND voltage; and wherein:
the first voltage is based on the first control voltage;
the second voltage is based on the second control voltage; and
the third voltage is based on the third control voltage and the fourth control voltage. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller circuit further comprises a buffer configured to generate the fourth control voltage based on the gain voltage. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein a pre-charge phase ends after a programmable time period and an operation phase starts, wherein the current on the switches at initiation of the operation phase is reduced due to the capacitor and the hold capacitor being pre-charged by the current regulator. 16. A system comprising:
a pre-charge stage comprising:
a controller circuit configured to:
compare an input voltage to a scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a control voltage based on the comparison;
a current regulator electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the current regulator configured to:
generate a first voltage, a second voltage, and a third voltage based on the input voltage and the control voltage; and
generate a feedback voltage based on the first voltage and the third voltage;
a feedback circuit electrically coupled to the controller circuit and the current regulator, the feedback circuit configured to scale the feedback voltage to the scaled feedback voltage; and
a voltage converter comprising:
a capacitor comprising:
a first plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the first plate being equal to the first voltage; and
a second plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the second plate being equal to the second voltage;
a hold capacitor comprising a plate electrically coupled to the pre-charge stage, a voltage on the plate being equal to the third voltage; and
a plurality of switches electrically coupled to the capacitor and the hold capacitor, the current regulator is further configured to regulate a current on the switches during accumulation of an initial charge on the capacitor and the hold capacitor. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the feedback voltage comprises a first feedback voltage and a second feedback voltage, and the controller circuit comprises:
a voltage regulator configured to scale the input voltage to a scaled input voltage; a first comparator electrically coupled to the voltage regulator, the first comparator configured to:
compare the scaled input voltage to a first scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a first comparison voltage based on the comparison; and
a second comparator electrically coupled to the voltage regulator, the second comparator configured to:
compare the scaled input voltage to a second scaled feedback voltage; and
generate a second comparison voltage based on the comparison, wherein:
the feedback circuit is configured to:
generate the first scaled feedback voltage based on the first feedback voltage; and
generate the second scaled feedback voltage based on the second feedback voltage; and
the control voltage is based on the first comparison voltage and the second comparison voltage. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the control voltage comprises a first control voltage, a second control voltage, a third control voltage, and a fourth control voltage, the current regulator comprises:
a first switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the first switch is configured to transition between an open position and a closed position based on the first control voltage, in the closed position the first switch propagates the input voltage such that the first voltage is equal to the input voltage; a second switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the second switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the second control voltage, in the closed position the second switch propagates the input voltage such that the third voltage is equal to the input voltage; a third switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the third switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the third control voltage, in the closed position the third switch propagates the third voltage such that the second voltage is equal to the third voltage; and a fourth switch electrically coupled to the controller circuit, the fourth switch is configured to transition between the open position and the closed position based on the fourth control voltage, in the closed position the fourth switch causes the second voltage be equal to ground. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first inverter configured to generate an inverted gain voltage based on a gain voltage; a second inverter electrically coupled to the second comparator, the second inverter is configured to generate an inverted second comparison voltage based on the second comparison voltage; a first OR gate electrically coupled to the first inverter and the first comparator, the first OR gate is configured to generate a first OR voltage based on the first comparison voltage and the inverted gain voltage; a second OR gate electrically coupled to the first inverter and the second comparator, the second OR gate is configured to generate a second OR voltage based on the second comparison voltage and the inverted gain voltage; and a third OR gate electrically coupled the first inverter and the second inverter, the third OR gate is configured to generate a third OR voltage based on the inverted gain voltage and the inverted second comparison voltage, the control voltage is based on the first OR voltage, the second OR voltage, and the third OR voltage. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the controller circuit further comprises:
a first AND gate electrically coupled to the first OR gate, the first AND gate configured to generate a first AND voltage based on the first OR voltage and an enable voltage; a second AND gate electrically coupled to the second OR gate, the second AND gate configured to generate a second AND voltage based on the second OR voltage and the enable voltage; a third AND gate electrically coupled to the third OR gate, the third AND gate configured to generate a third AND voltage based on the third OR voltage and the enable voltage, the control voltage is based on the first AND voltage, the second AND voltage, and the third AND voltage. a first voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the first AND gate, the first voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the first control voltage based on the input voltage and the first AND voltage; a second voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the second AND gate, the second voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the second control voltage based on the input voltage and the second AND voltage; a third voltage level-shifter electrically coupled to the third AND gate, the third voltage level-shifter is configured to generate the third control voltage based on the second feedback voltage and the third AND voltage; and wherein:
the first voltage is based on the first control voltage;
the second voltage is based on the second control voltage; and
the third voltage is based on the third control voltage and the fourth control voltage. | 1,600 |
345,929 | 16,804,321 | 1,645 | A system and method that varies the terms and conditions of a subsidized loan includes a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to an item of collateral that provides security for a loan; a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for the item of collateral based on the received data and a valuation model; a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract specifies a covenant defining a required value of the item of collateral; and a loan management circuit comprising: a value comparison circuit structured to compare the value of the item and the specified covenant and determine a collateral satisfaction value, an automated agent circuit structured to automatically implement loan related activities in response to the collateral satisfaction value, wherein the loan related activities comprise: issuing a notice of default or a foreclosure action. | 1. A system, comprising:
a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to an item of collateral that provides security for a loan; a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for the item of collateral based on the received data and a valuation model; a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract specifies a covenant defining a required value of the item of collateral; and a loan management circuit comprising:
a value comparison circuit structured to compare the value of the item and the specified covenant and determine a collateral satisfaction value,
an automated agent circuit structured to automatically implement loan related activities in response to the collateral satisfaction value,
wherein the loan related activities comprise: issuing a notice of default or a foreclosure action. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to: determine at least one of a term or a condition for the smart lending contract in response to the collateral satisfaction value; and modify the smart lending contract to include the at least one of the term or the condition. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the valuation circuit comprises a valuation model improvement circuit, wherein the valuation model improvement circuit modifies the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit comprises at least one system selected from systems consisting of: an Internet of Things system, a camera system, a networked monitoring system, an internet monitoring system, a mobile device system, a wearable device system, a user interface system, and an interactive crowdsourcing system. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a collateral classification circuit structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the item of collateral share a common attribute. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information for offset items of collateral relevant to the value of the item of collateral. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to: monitor one of pricing or financial data for the offset items of collateral in at least one public marketplace; and report the monitored one of pricing or financial data. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a blockchain service circuit structured to store at least one of the smart lending contract or a reference to the smart lending contract as blockchain data. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reporting circuit structured to report a collateral event based on the received data, wherein the collateral event is related to a value of the item of collateral, a condition of the item of collateral, or an ownership of the item of collateral. 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to perform a collateral-related action in response to the collateral event. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the collateral-related action is selected from among the actions consisting of: validating title for the item of collateral, recording a change in title for the item of collateral, assessing the value of the item of collateral, initiating inspection of the item of collateral, initiating maintenance of the item of collateral, initiating security for the item of collateral, and modifying terms and conditions for the item of collateral. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the automated agent circuit is further structured to perform a loan-related action in response to the collateral event. 13. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to an item of collateral that provides security for a loan; determining a value for the item of collateral based on the received data and a valuation model; creating a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract specifies a covenant having a required value of collateral; comparing the value of the item of collateral to the value of collateral specified in the covenant; determining a collateral satisfaction value; and implementing a loan related activity in response to the collateral satisfaction value. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining at least one of a term or a condition for the smart lending contract in response to the collateral satisfaction value; and modifying the smart lending contract to include the at least one of the term or the condition. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising modifying the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising identifying a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the item of collateral share a common attribute. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising monitoring and reporting marketplace information for data relevant to a member of the group of off-set items of collateral. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein monitoring marketplace information comprises monitoring at least one public marketplace for pricing data or financial data related to the member of the group of off-set items of collateral. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising modifying the smart lending contract in response to the marketplace information. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising automatic initiation of a loan related action in response to one of the pricing data or the financial data. | A system and method that varies the terms and conditions of a subsidized loan includes a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to an item of collateral that provides security for a loan; a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for the item of collateral based on the received data and a valuation model; a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract specifies a covenant defining a required value of the item of collateral; and a loan management circuit comprising: a value comparison circuit structured to compare the value of the item and the specified covenant and determine a collateral satisfaction value, an automated agent circuit structured to automatically implement loan related activities in response to the collateral satisfaction value, wherein the loan related activities comprise: issuing a notice of default or a foreclosure action.1. A system, comprising:
a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to an item of collateral that provides security for a loan; a valuation circuit structured to determine a value for the item of collateral based on the received data and a valuation model; a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract specifies a covenant defining a required value of the item of collateral; and a loan management circuit comprising:
a value comparison circuit structured to compare the value of the item and the specified covenant and determine a collateral satisfaction value,
an automated agent circuit structured to automatically implement loan related activities in response to the collateral satisfaction value,
wherein the loan related activities comprise: issuing a notice of default or a foreclosure action. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to: determine at least one of a term or a condition for the smart lending contract in response to the collateral satisfaction value; and modify the smart lending contract to include the at least one of the term or the condition. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the valuation circuit comprises a valuation model improvement circuit, wherein the valuation model improvement circuit modifies the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the data collection circuit comprises at least one system selected from systems consisting of: an Internet of Things system, a camera system, a networked monitoring system, an internet monitoring system, a mobile device system, a wearable device system, a user interface system, and an interactive crowdsourcing system. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a collateral classification circuit structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the item of collateral share a common attribute. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information for offset items of collateral relevant to the value of the item of collateral. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to: monitor one of pricing or financial data for the offset items of collateral in at least one public marketplace; and report the monitored one of pricing or financial data. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a blockchain service circuit structured to store at least one of the smart lending contract or a reference to the smart lending contract as blockchain data. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reporting circuit structured to report a collateral event based on the received data, wherein the collateral event is related to a value of the item of collateral, a condition of the item of collateral, or an ownership of the item of collateral. 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to perform a collateral-related action in response to the collateral event. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the collateral-related action is selected from among the actions consisting of: validating title for the item of collateral, recording a change in title for the item of collateral, assessing the value of the item of collateral, initiating inspection of the item of collateral, initiating maintenance of the item of collateral, initiating security for the item of collateral, and modifying terms and conditions for the item of collateral. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the automated agent circuit is further structured to perform a loan-related action in response to the collateral event. 13. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to an item of collateral that provides security for a loan; determining a value for the item of collateral based on the received data and a valuation model; creating a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract specifies a covenant having a required value of collateral; comparing the value of the item of collateral to the value of collateral specified in the covenant; determining a collateral satisfaction value; and implementing a loan related activity in response to the collateral satisfaction value. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining at least one of a term or a condition for the smart lending contract in response to the collateral satisfaction value; and modifying the smart lending contract to include the at least one of the term or the condition. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising modifying the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising identifying a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the item of collateral share a common attribute. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising monitoring and reporting marketplace information for data relevant to a member of the group of off-set items of collateral. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein monitoring marketplace information comprises monitoring at least one public marketplace for pricing data or financial data related to the member of the group of off-set items of collateral. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising modifying the smart lending contract in response to the marketplace information. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising automatic initiation of a loan related action in response to one of the pricing data or the financial data. | 1,600 |
345,930 | 16,804,344 | 3,627 | Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture for an internal private online marketplace are presented. Some embodiments described herein may include a method which may involve (1) identifying one or more items listed in one or more databases, and (2) generating a transfer protocol between the destination entity that desires to possess the one or more items with that of the source entity that possesses or has responsibility over the one or more items. The desired items may be identified by characteristics. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed. | 1. A computer-implemented method to facilitate a transfer of an item from a source subsidiary of an enterprise/institution to an entity, the method comprising:
identifying said item in an internal private online marketplace of the enterprise/institution using one or more characteristics of said item; generating a transfer protocol for said item between the source subsidiary and the entity comprising one or more pre-conditions of at least one of the enterprise/institution, the entity, or the source subsidiary; and communicating the transfer protocol to at least one of the source subsidiary, the entity, or the enterprise/institution. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which at least one of the one or more characteristics is stored in a database. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, in which the identifying of said item comprises a user, representing the entity, querying the database using the one or more characteristics as search criteria. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which the entity is one of a destination subsidiary of the enterprise/institution, an external private online marketplace, an external public online marketplace, or a non-profit entity. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which the one or more characteristics comprise at least one of the following: one or more constituents of said item, a function of said item, one or more identity markings, a quantity of said item, one or more condition metrics, a location of said item, one or more images of said item, a date of first use, a date of last use, a size or dimension, and one or more cost metrics; and in which the one or more identity markings comprise at least one of a SKU, an OEM information, a manufacturer's identification or logo, an operational range, a model number, or an IMEI. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, in which the one or more condition metrics are operability, legacy, spare, defective, unused, outmoded, in which operability comprises one of non-operable, partially operable, or fully operable. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which the identifying of said item comprises:
receiving one or more images containing a desired item; processing the one or more images to determine at least one characteristic of the one or more characteristics of the desired item; and providing the at least one characteristic in a query of the internal private online marketplace and/or comparing said one or more images, or portions thereof, with stored images, or portions thereof, from a database of images of available items in the internal private online marketplace, to identify said item within at least one of the stored images. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which the one or more pre-conditions of the transfer protocol between the source subsidiary and the entity comprise at least one of an ownership re-assignment of said item, a transfer of responsibility for said item, a budgetary transfer of said item, a purchase of said item, an identification as to an internal entity responsible for the relocation transfer, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the one or more cost metrics, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer of said item to the second internal marketplace, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer to a non-profit entity, or an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the budgetary transfer; in which the entity is a destination subsidiary of the enterprise/institution; and in which the internal entity is at least one of the source subsidiary, the destination subsidiary, or the enterprise/institution. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which said item is a constituent of a system/subsystem or is attached thereto; in which the one or more characteristics comprise at least one of a function of the system/subsystem, one or more images of said item or of the system/subsystem, a date of first or last use of the system/subsystem, at least one identity marking of the system/subsystem, a quantity of the system/subsystem, one or more condition metrics of the system/subsystem, one or more locations of the system/subsystem, or one or more cost metrics of the system/subsystem; in which the at least one identity marking comprises one or more of an internal identification, a SKU, an OEM ID, a manufacturer's identification or logo, a model number, a size or dimension, an operational range or an IMEI; and in which the transfer protocol is generated for the system/subsystem containing said item. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, in which the entity is a destination subsidiary of the enterprise/institution; and in which the one or more pre-conditions of the transfer protocol between the source subsidiary and the destination subsidiary comprise at least one of an ownership re-assignment of the system/subsystem, a transfer of responsibility for the system/subsystem, a budgetary transfer of the system/subsystem, a purchase of the system/subsystem, an identification as to an internal entity responsible for the relocation transfer, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the one or more cost metrics, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer of the system/subsystem to the second internal marketplace, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer to a non-profit entity, or an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the budgetary transfer, in which the internal entity is at least one of the source subsidiary, the destination subsidiary, or the enterprise/institution. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, in which the one or more cost metrics comprise a cost for a given quantity of the system/subsystem that satisfies the one or more condition metrics, a cost for administrative actions, or a cost associated with a relocation transfer. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, in which the one or more condition metrics comprise defunct, defective, outmoded, spare, legacy, unused, or an operability of said item, an operability of one or more constituents of said item, or an operability of the system/subsystem or portions thereof containing said item; in which the operability comprises one of non-operable, partially operable, or fully operable. 13. A system for an internal private online marketplace of an enterprise/institution, the system comprising:
a query module, stored in memory, configured to identify within at least one database an item or a system/subsystem comprising the item possessed by a source subsidiary of the enterprise/institution, using one or more characteristics entered by a user representing a destination subsidiary of the enterprise/institution; a notification module, stored in memory, configured to provide notifications from one or more modules of the system to at least one of the source subsidiary, the destination subsidiary, or the enterprise/institution; a user-interface module, stored in memory, configured to provide to the user with one or more interactive functions within the system comprising at least a graphical user-interface; a user-authorization module, stored in memory, configured to provide the user with one or more levels of authorization within the system, in which a level of authorization comprises at least access to the at least one database, or access to one or more tasks of at least one other module of the system; an administration module, stored in memory, configured to provide options within the system of the internal private online marketplace; in which the options comprise at least one of user privileges, a help resource, or accessing the at least one database, in which the at least one database comprises entries of at least one of images, listings, image processing steps, one or more pre-conditions, addresses of subsidiaries or other entities, contact information, and/or updates, and one or more characteristics of items or of systems/subsystems available in the internal private online marketplace; a preferences module, stored in memory, configured to provide an agent representing at least one of the source subsidiary, the enterprise/institution, or the destination subsidiary with one or more preferences available within the system, in which the one or more preferences comprise language selection, technological thesauri, communication modes, or source subsidiary selection; a component identification module, stored in memory, configured to access at least one of a pre-trained convolutional neural network, a pre-trained support vector machine, an optical character recognition system, or a pre-trained semantic segmentation which processes one or more images of a desired item or of a system/subsystem comprising the desired item to identify the one or more characteristics of the desired item or of the system/subsystem to be used as search criteria input to the query module; a transfer protocol module, stored in memory, configured to generate a transfer protocol comprising the one or more pre-conditions provided by at least one of the enterprise/institution, the source subsidiary, or the destination subsidiary; a negotiations module, stored in memory, configured to facilitate an exchange of proposals for the item or for the system/subsystem comprising the item between a first agent representing the source subsidiary and a second agent representing the destination subsidiary, in which the exchange is terminated when the transfer protocol is attained between the first and the second agents or when the exchange of proposals has reached a preset maximum number of iterations; and at least one processor that hosts the system of the internal private online marketplace comprising at least a set of modules, the set comprising at least one of the query module, the notification module, the transfer protocol module, the user-interface module, the user-authorization module, the administration module, the component identification module, the preferences module, or the negotiations module, in which the at least one processor executes at least one module of the set. 14. The system of claim 13, in which the component identification module is further configured to perform a comparison of each image of the one or more images, or portions thereof, of the desired item or of the system/subsystem with one or more database images, or portions thereof, of entries of items or of systems/subsystems available in the internal private online marketplace to identify one or more most probable matches therebetween, in which the comparison comprises cross-correlations. 15. The system of claim 13, in which the one or more of characteristics of the item or of the system/subsystem comprise at least one of the following: one or more identity markings, one or more condition metrics, a size or a dimension, a date of first use, a date of last use, one or more locations, or one or more cost metrics, and in which the one or more identity markings comprise at least one of a SKU, a manufacturer's identification or logo, an operational range, an IMEI, a model number, one or more integrated chips, or a circuit design. 16. The system of claim 15, in which the one or more cost metrics comprise at least one of the following: a cost for a given quantity of the item or of the system/subsystem, a cost for administrative actions, or a cost for a relocation transfer. 17. The system of claim 15, in which the one or more condition metrics comprise a level of operability of the item or of the system/subsystem comprising the item, legacy, spare, unused, defective, or outmoded, in which the level of operability comprises non-operable, partially operable, or fully operable. 18. The system of claim 13, in which the one or more pre-conditions of the transfer protocol comprise at least one of a relocation transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem from the source subsidiary to the destination subsidiary, a transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem to an external marketplace, an ownership re-assignment of the item or of the system/subsystem, a transfer of responsibility for the item or of the system/subsystem, a transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem to the second internal marketplace, a transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem to a non-profit external entity, a budgetary transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem, an outright purchase of the item or of the system/subsystem, an identification as to an internal entity responsible for the relocation transfer, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the each one of the one or more cost metrics, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem to the second internal marketplace, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer to the non-profit external entity, an identification as to the internal entity would be responsible for the budgetary transfer, in which the internal entity comprises at least one of the enterprise/institution, the source subsidiary, or the destination subsidiary. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising one or more computer-readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a computing device, cause the computing device to:
identify, by a destination subsidiary of an enterprise/institution in an internal private online marketplace, using one or more characteristics, an item or a system/subsystem containing said item possessed by a source subsidiary of the enterprise/institution; generate a transfer protocol for said item or the system/subsystem between the destination subsidiary and the source subsidiary comprising one or more pre-conditions of at least one of the enterprise/institution, the destination subsidiary, or the source subsidiary; and communicate the transfer protocol to at least one of the enterprise/institution, the source subsidiary, or the destination subsidiary. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, in which the one or more characteristics of said item or the system/subsystem comprise at least one of the following: one or more constituents of said item or the system/subsystem, a function of said item or the system/subsystem, one or more identity markings of said item or the system/subsystem, a quantity of said item or the system/subsystem, one or more condition metrics of said item or the system/subsystem, a location of said item or the system/subsystem, one or more images of said item or the system/subsystem, a date of first use of said item or the system/subsystem, a date of last use of said item or the system/subsystem, a size or dimension of said item or the system/subsystem, and one or more cost metrics of said item or the system/subsystem; in which the one or more identity markings comprise at least one of a SKU, an OEM information, a manufacturer's identification or logo, an operational range, a model number, or an IMEI; in which the one or more condition metrics comprise a level of operability of the item or of the system/subsystem, legacy, spare, unused, defective, or outmoded, in which the level of operability comprises non-operable, partially operable, or fully operable; and in which the identify step further comprises:
receive one or more images containing said item or of the system/subsystem; process the one or more images to determine the one or more characteristics of said item or of the system/subsystem; and identify said item or the system/subsystem via the one or more characteristics as search criteria in the internal private online marketplace and/or comparing said one or more images, or portions thereof, with stored images, or portions thereof, from a database of images to identify said item or the system/subsystem with at least one of the stored images. | Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture for an internal private online marketplace are presented. Some embodiments described herein may include a method which may involve (1) identifying one or more items listed in one or more databases, and (2) generating a transfer protocol between the destination entity that desires to possess the one or more items with that of the source entity that possesses or has responsibility over the one or more items. The desired items may be identified by characteristics. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.1. A computer-implemented method to facilitate a transfer of an item from a source subsidiary of an enterprise/institution to an entity, the method comprising:
identifying said item in an internal private online marketplace of the enterprise/institution using one or more characteristics of said item; generating a transfer protocol for said item between the source subsidiary and the entity comprising one or more pre-conditions of at least one of the enterprise/institution, the entity, or the source subsidiary; and communicating the transfer protocol to at least one of the source subsidiary, the entity, or the enterprise/institution. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which at least one of the one or more characteristics is stored in a database. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, in which the identifying of said item comprises a user, representing the entity, querying the database using the one or more characteristics as search criteria. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which the entity is one of a destination subsidiary of the enterprise/institution, an external private online marketplace, an external public online marketplace, or a non-profit entity. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which the one or more characteristics comprise at least one of the following: one or more constituents of said item, a function of said item, one or more identity markings, a quantity of said item, one or more condition metrics, a location of said item, one or more images of said item, a date of first use, a date of last use, a size or dimension, and one or more cost metrics; and in which the one or more identity markings comprise at least one of a SKU, an OEM information, a manufacturer's identification or logo, an operational range, a model number, or an IMEI. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, in which the one or more condition metrics are operability, legacy, spare, defective, unused, outmoded, in which operability comprises one of non-operable, partially operable, or fully operable. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which the identifying of said item comprises:
receiving one or more images containing a desired item; processing the one or more images to determine at least one characteristic of the one or more characteristics of the desired item; and providing the at least one characteristic in a query of the internal private online marketplace and/or comparing said one or more images, or portions thereof, with stored images, or portions thereof, from a database of images of available items in the internal private online marketplace, to identify said item within at least one of the stored images. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which the one or more pre-conditions of the transfer protocol between the source subsidiary and the entity comprise at least one of an ownership re-assignment of said item, a transfer of responsibility for said item, a budgetary transfer of said item, a purchase of said item, an identification as to an internal entity responsible for the relocation transfer, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the one or more cost metrics, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer of said item to the second internal marketplace, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer to a non-profit entity, or an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the budgetary transfer; in which the entity is a destination subsidiary of the enterprise/institution; and in which the internal entity is at least one of the source subsidiary, the destination subsidiary, or the enterprise/institution. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, in which said item is a constituent of a system/subsystem or is attached thereto; in which the one or more characteristics comprise at least one of a function of the system/subsystem, one or more images of said item or of the system/subsystem, a date of first or last use of the system/subsystem, at least one identity marking of the system/subsystem, a quantity of the system/subsystem, one or more condition metrics of the system/subsystem, one or more locations of the system/subsystem, or one or more cost metrics of the system/subsystem; in which the at least one identity marking comprises one or more of an internal identification, a SKU, an OEM ID, a manufacturer's identification or logo, a model number, a size or dimension, an operational range or an IMEI; and in which the transfer protocol is generated for the system/subsystem containing said item. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, in which the entity is a destination subsidiary of the enterprise/institution; and in which the one or more pre-conditions of the transfer protocol between the source subsidiary and the destination subsidiary comprise at least one of an ownership re-assignment of the system/subsystem, a transfer of responsibility for the system/subsystem, a budgetary transfer of the system/subsystem, a purchase of the system/subsystem, an identification as to an internal entity responsible for the relocation transfer, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the one or more cost metrics, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer of the system/subsystem to the second internal marketplace, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer to a non-profit entity, or an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the budgetary transfer, in which the internal entity is at least one of the source subsidiary, the destination subsidiary, or the enterprise/institution. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, in which the one or more cost metrics comprise a cost for a given quantity of the system/subsystem that satisfies the one or more condition metrics, a cost for administrative actions, or a cost associated with a relocation transfer. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, in which the one or more condition metrics comprise defunct, defective, outmoded, spare, legacy, unused, or an operability of said item, an operability of one or more constituents of said item, or an operability of the system/subsystem or portions thereof containing said item; in which the operability comprises one of non-operable, partially operable, or fully operable. 13. A system for an internal private online marketplace of an enterprise/institution, the system comprising:
a query module, stored in memory, configured to identify within at least one database an item or a system/subsystem comprising the item possessed by a source subsidiary of the enterprise/institution, using one or more characteristics entered by a user representing a destination subsidiary of the enterprise/institution; a notification module, stored in memory, configured to provide notifications from one or more modules of the system to at least one of the source subsidiary, the destination subsidiary, or the enterprise/institution; a user-interface module, stored in memory, configured to provide to the user with one or more interactive functions within the system comprising at least a graphical user-interface; a user-authorization module, stored in memory, configured to provide the user with one or more levels of authorization within the system, in which a level of authorization comprises at least access to the at least one database, or access to one or more tasks of at least one other module of the system; an administration module, stored in memory, configured to provide options within the system of the internal private online marketplace; in which the options comprise at least one of user privileges, a help resource, or accessing the at least one database, in which the at least one database comprises entries of at least one of images, listings, image processing steps, one or more pre-conditions, addresses of subsidiaries or other entities, contact information, and/or updates, and one or more characteristics of items or of systems/subsystems available in the internal private online marketplace; a preferences module, stored in memory, configured to provide an agent representing at least one of the source subsidiary, the enterprise/institution, or the destination subsidiary with one or more preferences available within the system, in which the one or more preferences comprise language selection, technological thesauri, communication modes, or source subsidiary selection; a component identification module, stored in memory, configured to access at least one of a pre-trained convolutional neural network, a pre-trained support vector machine, an optical character recognition system, or a pre-trained semantic segmentation which processes one or more images of a desired item or of a system/subsystem comprising the desired item to identify the one or more characteristics of the desired item or of the system/subsystem to be used as search criteria input to the query module; a transfer protocol module, stored in memory, configured to generate a transfer protocol comprising the one or more pre-conditions provided by at least one of the enterprise/institution, the source subsidiary, or the destination subsidiary; a negotiations module, stored in memory, configured to facilitate an exchange of proposals for the item or for the system/subsystem comprising the item between a first agent representing the source subsidiary and a second agent representing the destination subsidiary, in which the exchange is terminated when the transfer protocol is attained between the first and the second agents or when the exchange of proposals has reached a preset maximum number of iterations; and at least one processor that hosts the system of the internal private online marketplace comprising at least a set of modules, the set comprising at least one of the query module, the notification module, the transfer protocol module, the user-interface module, the user-authorization module, the administration module, the component identification module, the preferences module, or the negotiations module, in which the at least one processor executes at least one module of the set. 14. The system of claim 13, in which the component identification module is further configured to perform a comparison of each image of the one or more images, or portions thereof, of the desired item or of the system/subsystem with one or more database images, or portions thereof, of entries of items or of systems/subsystems available in the internal private online marketplace to identify one or more most probable matches therebetween, in which the comparison comprises cross-correlations. 15. The system of claim 13, in which the one or more of characteristics of the item or of the system/subsystem comprise at least one of the following: one or more identity markings, one or more condition metrics, a size or a dimension, a date of first use, a date of last use, one or more locations, or one or more cost metrics, and in which the one or more identity markings comprise at least one of a SKU, a manufacturer's identification or logo, an operational range, an IMEI, a model number, one or more integrated chips, or a circuit design. 16. The system of claim 15, in which the one or more cost metrics comprise at least one of the following: a cost for a given quantity of the item or of the system/subsystem, a cost for administrative actions, or a cost for a relocation transfer. 17. The system of claim 15, in which the one or more condition metrics comprise a level of operability of the item or of the system/subsystem comprising the item, legacy, spare, unused, defective, or outmoded, in which the level of operability comprises non-operable, partially operable, or fully operable. 18. The system of claim 13, in which the one or more pre-conditions of the transfer protocol comprise at least one of a relocation transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem from the source subsidiary to the destination subsidiary, a transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem to an external marketplace, an ownership re-assignment of the item or of the system/subsystem, a transfer of responsibility for the item or of the system/subsystem, a transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem to the second internal marketplace, a transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem to a non-profit external entity, a budgetary transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem, an outright purchase of the item or of the system/subsystem, an identification as to an internal entity responsible for the relocation transfer, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the each one of the one or more cost metrics, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer of the item or of the system/subsystem to the second internal marketplace, an identification as to the internal entity responsible for the transfer to the non-profit external entity, an identification as to the internal entity would be responsible for the budgetary transfer, in which the internal entity comprises at least one of the enterprise/institution, the source subsidiary, or the destination subsidiary. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising one or more computer-readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a computing device, cause the computing device to:
identify, by a destination subsidiary of an enterprise/institution in an internal private online marketplace, using one or more characteristics, an item or a system/subsystem containing said item possessed by a source subsidiary of the enterprise/institution; generate a transfer protocol for said item or the system/subsystem between the destination subsidiary and the source subsidiary comprising one or more pre-conditions of at least one of the enterprise/institution, the destination subsidiary, or the source subsidiary; and communicate the transfer protocol to at least one of the enterprise/institution, the source subsidiary, or the destination subsidiary. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, in which the one or more characteristics of said item or the system/subsystem comprise at least one of the following: one or more constituents of said item or the system/subsystem, a function of said item or the system/subsystem, one or more identity markings of said item or the system/subsystem, a quantity of said item or the system/subsystem, one or more condition metrics of said item or the system/subsystem, a location of said item or the system/subsystem, one or more images of said item or the system/subsystem, a date of first use of said item or the system/subsystem, a date of last use of said item or the system/subsystem, a size or dimension of said item or the system/subsystem, and one or more cost metrics of said item or the system/subsystem; in which the one or more identity markings comprise at least one of a SKU, an OEM information, a manufacturer's identification or logo, an operational range, a model number, or an IMEI; in which the one or more condition metrics comprise a level of operability of the item or of the system/subsystem, legacy, spare, unused, defective, or outmoded, in which the level of operability comprises non-operable, partially operable, or fully operable; and in which the identify step further comprises:
receive one or more images containing said item or of the system/subsystem; process the one or more images to determine the one or more characteristics of said item or of the system/subsystem; and identify said item or the system/subsystem via the one or more characteristics as search criteria in the internal private online marketplace and/or comparing said one or more images, or portions thereof, with stored images, or portions thereof, from a database of images to identify said item or the system/subsystem with at least one of the stored images. | 3,600 |
345,931 | 16,804,322 | 3,627 | An electrode comprises a current collector; and an active material-containing layer having active materials on the current collector. The active material-containing layer has a first surface contacting the current collector and a second surface which is opposite side of the first surface. At least one part of the second surface is covered by a compound containing Zn. When an image of the second surface is taken by Scanning Electron Microscope, the image is divided into 100 blocks, a ratio of existence of blocks having hexagonal platelet shaped compound containing Zn to the 100 blocks is calculated, and the ratio of existence of blocks is calculated with respect to 10 images, an average of the ratio of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 20% or less (including 0). | 1. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; and an active material-containing layer having active materials on the current collector, wherein the active material-containing layer has a first surface contacting the current collector and a second surface which is opposite side of the first surface, at least one part of the second surface is covered by a compound containing Zn, and when an image of the second surface is taken by Scanning Electron Microscope, the image is divided into 100 blocks, a ratio of existence of blocks having hexagonal platelet shaped compound containing Zn to the 100 blocks is calculated, and the ratio of existence of blocks is calculated with respect to 10 images, an average of the ratio of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 20% or less (including 0). 2. The electrode according to claim 1,
wherein the average of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 15% or less (including 0). 3. The electrode according to claim 1,
wherein the compound containing Zn comprises at least one kind of elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Hg, In, Cd, and Pb. 4. A secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an aqueous electrolyte,
wherein the negative electrode is the electrode according claim 1. 5. The secondary battery according to claim 4,
wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises at least one of unsaturated alcohol and coumarin. 6. The secondary battery according to claim 4,
wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises an organic solvent which is comprised 20 vol % or less in the aqueous electrolyte. 7. The secondary battery according to claim 4,
wherein the electrode active material in the negative electrode has a lithium ion insertion/extraction potential range of 1 V or more and 3 V or less (vs. Li/Li+) based on metallic lithium electrical potential. 8. The secondary battery according to claim 4,
wherein a positive active material in the positive electrode has a lithium ion insertion/extraction potential range of 2.5 V or more and 5.5 V or less (vs. Li/Li+) based on metallic lithium electrical potential. 9. A battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 4. 10. The battery pack according to claim 9, further comprising:
an external terminal for electrically connecting; and a protective circuit. 11. The battery pack according to claim 9,
wherein a plurality of the secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel or a combination of series and parallel. 12. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 9. 13. The vehicle according to claim 12;
wherein the battery pack is recharged by regenerative energy of driving forth of the vehicle. 14. A stationary power source comprising the battery pack according to claim 9. 15. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; and an active material-containing layer on the current collector, the active material-containing layer comprising active materials and having a first surface in contact with the current collector and a second surface on a side opposite thereto, at least a part of the second surface being covered by a compound containing Zn, and an average of a ratio of existence of a hexagonal platelet shaped compound comprising Zn is 20% or less (including 0). | An electrode comprises a current collector; and an active material-containing layer having active materials on the current collector. The active material-containing layer has a first surface contacting the current collector and a second surface which is opposite side of the first surface. At least one part of the second surface is covered by a compound containing Zn. When an image of the second surface is taken by Scanning Electron Microscope, the image is divided into 100 blocks, a ratio of existence of blocks having hexagonal platelet shaped compound containing Zn to the 100 blocks is calculated, and the ratio of existence of blocks is calculated with respect to 10 images, an average of the ratio of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 20% or less (including 0).1. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; and an active material-containing layer having active materials on the current collector, wherein the active material-containing layer has a first surface contacting the current collector and a second surface which is opposite side of the first surface, at least one part of the second surface is covered by a compound containing Zn, and when an image of the second surface is taken by Scanning Electron Microscope, the image is divided into 100 blocks, a ratio of existence of blocks having hexagonal platelet shaped compound containing Zn to the 100 blocks is calculated, and the ratio of existence of blocks is calculated with respect to 10 images, an average of the ratio of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 20% or less (including 0). 2. The electrode according to claim 1,
wherein the average of existence of blocks with respect to the 10 images is 15% or less (including 0). 3. The electrode according to claim 1,
wherein the compound containing Zn comprises at least one kind of elements selected from the group consisting of Sn, Hg, In, Cd, and Pb. 4. A secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an aqueous electrolyte,
wherein the negative electrode is the electrode according claim 1. 5. The secondary battery according to claim 4,
wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises at least one of unsaturated alcohol and coumarin. 6. The secondary battery according to claim 4,
wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises an organic solvent which is comprised 20 vol % or less in the aqueous electrolyte. 7. The secondary battery according to claim 4,
wherein the electrode active material in the negative electrode has a lithium ion insertion/extraction potential range of 1 V or more and 3 V or less (vs. Li/Li+) based on metallic lithium electrical potential. 8. The secondary battery according to claim 4,
wherein a positive active material in the positive electrode has a lithium ion insertion/extraction potential range of 2.5 V or more and 5.5 V or less (vs. Li/Li+) based on metallic lithium electrical potential. 9. A battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 4. 10. The battery pack according to claim 9, further comprising:
an external terminal for electrically connecting; and a protective circuit. 11. The battery pack according to claim 9,
wherein a plurality of the secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel or a combination of series and parallel. 12. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 9. 13. The vehicle according to claim 12;
wherein the battery pack is recharged by regenerative energy of driving forth of the vehicle. 14. A stationary power source comprising the battery pack according to claim 9. 15. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; and an active material-containing layer on the current collector, the active material-containing layer comprising active materials and having a first surface in contact with the current collector and a second surface on a side opposite thereto, at least a part of the second surface being covered by a compound containing Zn, and an average of a ratio of existence of a hexagonal platelet shaped compound comprising Zn is 20% or less (including 0). | 3,600 |
345,932 | 16,804,359 | 3,627 | A positive electrode active material includes powder of composite particles including a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a lamellar rock-salt structure and a spinel phase. The spinel phase includes an oxide including lithium and at least a first element X1 selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, titanium, manganese, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, and tungsten, and the lithium transition metal composite oxide includes nickel or cobalt and the first element X1. | 1. A positive electrode active material, comprising:
powder of composite particles including a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a lamellar rock-salt structure and a spinel phase, wherein the spinel phase includes an oxide including lithium and at least a first element X1 selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, titanium, manganese, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, and tungsten, and wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide includes nickel or cobalt and the first element X1. 2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of the first element X1 is higher on surfaces of the composite particles than inside of the composite particles. 3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the spinel phase is eccentrically populated to be more abundant on the surfaces of the composite particles. 4. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the composite particles further include a compound including a second element X2 selected from the group consisting of sulfur, phosphorous, and fluorine. 5. The positive electrode active material according to claim 4, wherein the compound including the second element X2 is eccentrically populated to be more abundant on either or both of the surfaces and a crystal grain boundary of the composite particles. 6. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein a content amount of the spinel phase in the composite particles is from 80 ppm to 1200 ppm. 7. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1,
wherein the powder of the composite particles includes two or more kinds of particle powders having different average particle diameters, and wherein the two or more kinds of particle powders are different in at least one of a content amount of the first element X1 in the composite particles, and a content ratio of the spinel phase in the composite particles. 8. The positive electrode active material according to claim 7, wherein the two or more kinds of the particle powders are such that particle powder with a smaller average particle diameter is higher in at least one of a content amount of the first element X1 in the composite particles, and a content ratio of the spinel phase in the composite particles. 9. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, further comprising powder of particles including an oxide including the first element X1,
wherein the particles exist independently of the composite particles. 10. A positive electrode comprising the positive electrode active material according to claim 1. 11. A battery, comprising:
a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material according to claim 1; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte. 12. A battery pack, comprising:
the battery according to claim 11; and a controller configured to control the battery. 13. An electronic device, comprising the battery according to claim 11,
wherein the electronic device is configured to receive power supply from the battery. 14. An electric vehicle, comprising:
the battery according to claim 11; a converter configured to receive power supply from the battery and convert the power into a driving power for the vehicle; and a controller configured to perform information processing for vehicle control on the basis of information on the battery. 15. A power storage device, comprising the battery according to claim 11, and
wherein the power storage device is configured to provide power supply to an electronic device connected to the battery. 16. A power system comprising the battery according to claim 11,
wherein the power system is configured to receive power supply from the battery. | A positive electrode active material includes powder of composite particles including a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a lamellar rock-salt structure and a spinel phase. The spinel phase includes an oxide including lithium and at least a first element X1 selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, titanium, manganese, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, and tungsten, and the lithium transition metal composite oxide includes nickel or cobalt and the first element X1.1. A positive electrode active material, comprising:
powder of composite particles including a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a lamellar rock-salt structure and a spinel phase, wherein the spinel phase includes an oxide including lithium and at least a first element X1 selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, titanium, manganese, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, and tungsten, and wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide includes nickel or cobalt and the first element X1. 2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of the first element X1 is higher on surfaces of the composite particles than inside of the composite particles. 3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the spinel phase is eccentrically populated to be more abundant on the surfaces of the composite particles. 4. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the composite particles further include a compound including a second element X2 selected from the group consisting of sulfur, phosphorous, and fluorine. 5. The positive electrode active material according to claim 4, wherein the compound including the second element X2 is eccentrically populated to be more abundant on either or both of the surfaces and a crystal grain boundary of the composite particles. 6. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein a content amount of the spinel phase in the composite particles is from 80 ppm to 1200 ppm. 7. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1,
wherein the powder of the composite particles includes two or more kinds of particle powders having different average particle diameters, and wherein the two or more kinds of particle powders are different in at least one of a content amount of the first element X1 in the composite particles, and a content ratio of the spinel phase in the composite particles. 8. The positive electrode active material according to claim 7, wherein the two or more kinds of the particle powders are such that particle powder with a smaller average particle diameter is higher in at least one of a content amount of the first element X1 in the composite particles, and a content ratio of the spinel phase in the composite particles. 9. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, further comprising powder of particles including an oxide including the first element X1,
wherein the particles exist independently of the composite particles. 10. A positive electrode comprising the positive electrode active material according to claim 1. 11. A battery, comprising:
a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material according to claim 1; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte. 12. A battery pack, comprising:
the battery according to claim 11; and a controller configured to control the battery. 13. An electronic device, comprising the battery according to claim 11,
wherein the electronic device is configured to receive power supply from the battery. 14. An electric vehicle, comprising:
the battery according to claim 11; a converter configured to receive power supply from the battery and convert the power into a driving power for the vehicle; and a controller configured to perform information processing for vehicle control on the basis of information on the battery. 15. A power storage device, comprising the battery according to claim 11, and
wherein the power storage device is configured to provide power supply to an electronic device connected to the battery. 16. A power system comprising the battery according to claim 11,
wherein the power system is configured to receive power supply from the battery. | 3,600 |
345,933 | 16,804,362 | 3,618 | An apparatus for adapting a single-track vehicle for use on a chairlift is provided. A first adapter portion may be configured to be removably coupled to at least a portion of a single-track vehicle. A second adapter portion may be pivotably coupled to the first adapter portion. A space formed between the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion may be configured to receive at least a portion of a chairlift seat of a chairlift. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a first adapter portion configured to be removably coupled to at least a portion of a single-track vehicle; and a second adapter portion pivotably coupled to the first adapter portion; wherein a space formed between the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion is configured to receive at least a portion of a chairlift seat of a chairlift. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a shock absorber positioned between and coupled to each of the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shock absorber is configured to maintain the second adapter portion at an angular position relative to the first adapter portion. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first surface of the second adapter portion is configured to be coupled to a removably coupleable saddle. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least a portion of the chairlift seat is configured to be received underneath a second surface of the second adapter portion. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the single-track vehicle is a ski bicycle. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first end of the second adapter portion is pivotably coupled to a first end of the first adapter portion. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least a portion of the chairlift seat is configured to be received in the space formed between a second end of the first adapter portion and a second end of the second adapter portion. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the chairlift is configured to lift the single-track vehicle by the combination of the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first adapter portion is removably coupleable to the at least a portion of the single-track vehicle via one or more fasteners associated with the first adapter portion. 11. An adapter system for adapting a single-track vehicle for use on a chairlift, the adapter system comprising:
a first adapter portion configured to be removably coupled to at least a portion of the single-track vehicle; a second adapter portion pivotably coupled to the first adapter portion; and a shock absorber positioned between and coupled to each of the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion; wherein a space formed between the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion is configured to receive at least a portion of a chairlift seat of the chairlift. 12. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the shock absorber is configured to maintain the second adapter portion at an angular position relative to the first adapter portion. 13. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein a first surface of the second adapter portion is configured to be coupled to a removably coupleable saddle. 14. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the at least a portion of the chairlift seat is configured to be received underneath a second surface of the second adapter portion. 15. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the single-track vehicle is a ski bicycle. 16. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein a first end of the second adapter portion is pivotably coupled to a first end of the first adapter portion. 17. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the at least a portion of the chairlift seat is configured to be received in the space formed between a second end of the first adapter portion and a second end of the second adapter portion. 18. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the chairlift is configured to lift the single-track vehicle by the combination of the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion. 19. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the first adapter portion is removably coupleable to the at least a portion of the single-track vehicle via one or more fasteners associated with the first adapter portion. 20. An adapter system for adapting a ski bicycle for use on a chairlift, the adapter system comprising:
a first adapter portion configured to be removably coupled to at least a portion of the ski-bicycle; and a first end of a second adapter portion pivotably coupled to a first end of the first adapter portion; wherein a space formed between a second end of the first adapter portion and a second end of the second adapter portion is configured to receive at least a portion of a chairlift seat of the chairlift. | An apparatus for adapting a single-track vehicle for use on a chairlift is provided. A first adapter portion may be configured to be removably coupled to at least a portion of a single-track vehicle. A second adapter portion may be pivotably coupled to the first adapter portion. A space formed between the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion may be configured to receive at least a portion of a chairlift seat of a chairlift.1. An apparatus comprising:
a first adapter portion configured to be removably coupled to at least a portion of a single-track vehicle; and a second adapter portion pivotably coupled to the first adapter portion; wherein a space formed between the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion is configured to receive at least a portion of a chairlift seat of a chairlift. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a shock absorber positioned between and coupled to each of the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shock absorber is configured to maintain the second adapter portion at an angular position relative to the first adapter portion. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first surface of the second adapter portion is configured to be coupled to a removably coupleable saddle. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least a portion of the chairlift seat is configured to be received underneath a second surface of the second adapter portion. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the single-track vehicle is a ski bicycle. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first end of the second adapter portion is pivotably coupled to a first end of the first adapter portion. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least a portion of the chairlift seat is configured to be received in the space formed between a second end of the first adapter portion and a second end of the second adapter portion. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the chairlift is configured to lift the single-track vehicle by the combination of the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first adapter portion is removably coupleable to the at least a portion of the single-track vehicle via one or more fasteners associated with the first adapter portion. 11. An adapter system for adapting a single-track vehicle for use on a chairlift, the adapter system comprising:
a first adapter portion configured to be removably coupled to at least a portion of the single-track vehicle; a second adapter portion pivotably coupled to the first adapter portion; and a shock absorber positioned between and coupled to each of the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion; wherein a space formed between the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion is configured to receive at least a portion of a chairlift seat of the chairlift. 12. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the shock absorber is configured to maintain the second adapter portion at an angular position relative to the first adapter portion. 13. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein a first surface of the second adapter portion is configured to be coupled to a removably coupleable saddle. 14. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the at least a portion of the chairlift seat is configured to be received underneath a second surface of the second adapter portion. 15. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the single-track vehicle is a ski bicycle. 16. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein a first end of the second adapter portion is pivotably coupled to a first end of the first adapter portion. 17. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the at least a portion of the chairlift seat is configured to be received in the space formed between a second end of the first adapter portion and a second end of the second adapter portion. 18. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the chairlift is configured to lift the single-track vehicle by the combination of the first adapter portion and the second adapter portion. 19. The adapter system of claim 11, wherein the first adapter portion is removably coupleable to the at least a portion of the single-track vehicle via one or more fasteners associated with the first adapter portion. 20. An adapter system for adapting a ski bicycle for use on a chairlift, the adapter system comprising:
a first adapter portion configured to be removably coupled to at least a portion of the ski-bicycle; and a first end of a second adapter portion pivotably coupled to a first end of the first adapter portion; wherein a space formed between a second end of the first adapter portion and a second end of the second adapter portion is configured to receive at least a portion of a chairlift seat of the chairlift. | 3,600 |
345,934 | 16,804,336 | 3,618 | The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic display device comprising microcells filled with an electrophoretic fluid and a dielectric layer, which comprises a first type of magnetic filler material, a second type of nonmagnetic filler material, and a polymeric material. The first and second types of filler material physically interact with each other and they are fixed and aligned in the dielectric adhesive layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer exhibits anisotropic conductivity having higher conductivity in the z direction compared to the other two orthogonal directions. | 1. An electrophoretic display device comprising
(a) microcells filled with an electrophoretic fluid, (b) a dielectric layer which comprises a first type of filler material, a second type of filler material, and a polymeric material, (c) first and second electrodes, wherein the microcells and the dielectric layer are disposed between the first and second electrodes, wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent, wherein the first type of filler material is sensitive to a magnetic field and the second type of filler material is insensitive to a magnetic field, the second type of filler material having an affinity to the first type of filler material, the affinity between the second type of filler material and the first type of filler material is physical interaction, wherein the first type of filler material and the second types of filler material are fixed and aligned in the dielectric adhesive layer in a z direction perpendicular to a plane of the dielectric layer, and wherein the dielectric layer exhibits anisotropic conductivity having higher conductivity in the z direction compared to the other two directions x and y, which are orthogonal to the z direction. 2. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the physical interaction between the second type filler material and the first type of filler material is comprises an attractive force selected from the group consisting of electrostatic, hydrogen bond, ion-dipole, ion-induced dipole, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and van der Waal. 3. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer is a layer of a material forming the microcells, a sealing layer, an adhesive layer or a primer layer. 4. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the first type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, cobalt particles, iron particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt nanowires, iron nanowires, silver coated nickel particles, gold coated nickel particles, nickel coated carbon nanotubes, gold/nickel/graphite core-shell structure particles, and combinations thereof. 5. The electrophoretic display device of claim 3, wherein the dielectric layer is the sealing layer or the adhesive layer. 6. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, further comprising a third type of filler material. 7. The electrophoretic display device of claim 6, wherein the third type of filler material is sensitive to a magnetic field. 8. The electrophoretic display device of claim 6, wherein the third type of filler material is insensitive to a magnetic field. 9. The electrophoretic display device of claim 7, wherein the third type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, cobalt particles, iron particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt nanowires, iron nanowires, silver coated nickel particles, gold coated nickel particles, nickel coated carbon nanotubes, gold/nickel/graphite core-shell structure particles, and combinations thereof. 10. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the first type of filler material is conductive. 11. The electrophoretic display device of claim 10, wherein the first type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt particles, cobalt nanowires, iron particles, iron nanowires, and combinations thereof. 12. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the first type of filler material is non-conductive. 13. The electrophoretic display device of claim 12, wherein the first type of filler material is a compound based on nickel, cobalt or iron. 14. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the second type of filler material is conductive. 15. The electrophoretic display device of claim 14, wherein the second type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). 16. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the second type of filler material is non-conductive. 17. The electrophoretic display device of claim 16, wherein the second type of filler material is clay or silica. | The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic display device comprising microcells filled with an electrophoretic fluid and a dielectric layer, which comprises a first type of magnetic filler material, a second type of nonmagnetic filler material, and a polymeric material. The first and second types of filler material physically interact with each other and they are fixed and aligned in the dielectric adhesive layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer exhibits anisotropic conductivity having higher conductivity in the z direction compared to the other two orthogonal directions.1. An electrophoretic display device comprising
(a) microcells filled with an electrophoretic fluid, (b) a dielectric layer which comprises a first type of filler material, a second type of filler material, and a polymeric material, (c) first and second electrodes, wherein the microcells and the dielectric layer are disposed between the first and second electrodes, wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent, wherein the first type of filler material is sensitive to a magnetic field and the second type of filler material is insensitive to a magnetic field, the second type of filler material having an affinity to the first type of filler material, the affinity between the second type of filler material and the first type of filler material is physical interaction, wherein the first type of filler material and the second types of filler material are fixed and aligned in the dielectric adhesive layer in a z direction perpendicular to a plane of the dielectric layer, and wherein the dielectric layer exhibits anisotropic conductivity having higher conductivity in the z direction compared to the other two directions x and y, which are orthogonal to the z direction. 2. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the physical interaction between the second type filler material and the first type of filler material is comprises an attractive force selected from the group consisting of electrostatic, hydrogen bond, ion-dipole, ion-induced dipole, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and van der Waal. 3. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer is a layer of a material forming the microcells, a sealing layer, an adhesive layer or a primer layer. 4. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the first type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, cobalt particles, iron particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt nanowires, iron nanowires, silver coated nickel particles, gold coated nickel particles, nickel coated carbon nanotubes, gold/nickel/graphite core-shell structure particles, and combinations thereof. 5. The electrophoretic display device of claim 3, wherein the dielectric layer is the sealing layer or the adhesive layer. 6. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, further comprising a third type of filler material. 7. The electrophoretic display device of claim 6, wherein the third type of filler material is sensitive to a magnetic field. 8. The electrophoretic display device of claim 6, wherein the third type of filler material is insensitive to a magnetic field. 9. The electrophoretic display device of claim 7, wherein the third type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, cobalt particles, iron particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt nanowires, iron nanowires, silver coated nickel particles, gold coated nickel particles, nickel coated carbon nanotubes, gold/nickel/graphite core-shell structure particles, and combinations thereof. 10. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the first type of filler material is conductive. 11. The electrophoretic display device of claim 10, wherein the first type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of nickel particles, nickel nanowires, cobalt particles, cobalt nanowires, iron particles, iron nanowires, and combinations thereof. 12. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the first type of filler material is non-conductive. 13. The electrophoretic display device of claim 12, wherein the first type of filler material is a compound based on nickel, cobalt or iron. 14. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the second type of filler material is conductive. 15. The electrophoretic display device of claim 14, wherein the second type of filler material is selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). 16. The electrophoretic display device of claim 1, wherein the second type of filler material is non-conductive. 17. The electrophoretic display device of claim 16, wherein the second type of filler material is clay or silica. | 3,600 |
345,935 | 16,804,339 | 3,618 | A suction material collecting station for regenerating a filter chamber of a suction cleaner has an interface for connecting to the suction cleaner, a suction material collection container, a fan for generating a negative pressure in the suction material collection container, and an electric motor for driving the fan so that suction material contained in the filter chamber may be conveyed into the suction material collection container. The suction material collecting station has a control and evaluation unit that calculates a surroundings disturbance parameter and controls the operation of the electric motor automatically, depending on the surroundings disturbance parameter and a device parameter of the suction cleaner. The suction material collecting station has a detection device for detecting a presence parameter in the surroundings of the suction material collecting station and/or a device parameter, and/or a communication device for receiving information about the presence parameter and/or device parameter. | 1. A suction material collecting station for regenerating a filter chamber of a suction cleaner, comprising:
an interface configured for connecting to the suction cleaner, a suction material collection container, a fan configured for generating a negative pressure in the suction material collection container, an electric motor configured for driving the fan so that suction material contained in the filter chamber of the suction cleaner may be conveyed by the fan into the suction material collection container, a control and evaluation unit which is equipped to calculate a surroundings disturbance parameter, which indicates a degree of potential disturbance of the surroundings by an operation of the fan of the suction material collecting station, and to control the operation of the electric motor automatically, depending on the surroundings disturbance parameter and a device parameter of the suction cleaner, and a detection device configured for detecting a presence parameter in the surroundings of the suction material collecting station or a device parameter, and a communication device for receiving information about the presence parameter or device parameter. 2. The suction material collecting station according to claim 1, wherein the detection device has at least one of an image capture device, an ultrasonic sensor, a microphone, a radio module, or a movement sensor. 3. The suction material collecting station according to claim 1, wherein the presence parameter is the presence of a person, an animal, or a device operated in the surroundings. 4. The suction material collecting station according to claim 1, wherein the device parameter is a status of the suction cleaner in the form of a fill level of the filter chamber, a charge status of an accumulator, a cleaning history, or a degree of contamination of the suction cleaner. 5. A system made from a suction material collecting station designed according to claim 1 and a suction cleaner, wherein the suction cleaner has a filter chamber for collecting suction material during a suction cleaning operation and at least one device partial area corresponding to the interface of the suction material collecting station so as to connect the suction cleaner to the suction material collecting station to regenerate the filter chamber. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the suction material collecting station and the suction cleaner have communication devices corresponding to one another. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the system further comprises a wireless communication network with an access point, wherein the communication devices of the suction material collecting station and the suction cleaner are designed to communicate with the access point. 8. The system according to claim 7, further comprising at least one additional device linked into the communication network with a corresponding communication device, wherein the additional device is selected from or equipped with a device from the group consisting of: data memory device, accumulator for the suction cleaner, movement sensor, image capture device, ultrasonic sensor, microphone, radio module, household appliance, entertainment device, and remote control device. 9. A method for regenerating a filter chamber of a suction cleaner by means of a suction material collecting station, wherein the suction cleaner is connected to an interface of the suction material collecting station, the method comprising:
transferring suction material present in the filter chamber into a suction material collection container of the suction material collecting station by means of a fan of the suction material collecting station driven by an electric motor, calculating with a control and evaluation unit a surroundings disturbance parameter that indicates a degree of potential disturbance of the surroundings by operating the fan of the suction material collecting station, automatically controlling with the control and evaluation unit the operation of the electric motor, depending on the surroundings disturbance parameter and a device parameter of the suction cleaner, and detecting with a detection device of the suction material collecting station a presence parameter in the surroundings of the suction material collecting station or a device parameter, and receiving with a communication device of the suction material collecting station information about the presence parameter and/or device parameter. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the detection device of the suction material collecting station detects a presence of a person, an animal, or a device operated in the surroundings as the presence parameter, or wherein the detection device detects a status of the suction cleaner in the form of a fill level of the filter chamber, a charge status of an accumulator, a cleaning history, or a contamination state of the suction cleaner as a device parameter. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the detection device of the suction cleaner, or of an additional device operated in the surroundings, detects a presence of a person, an animal, or a device operated in the surroundings as the presence parameter, or wherein the detection device detects a status of the suction cleaner in the form of a fill level of the filter chamber, a charge status of an accumulator, a cleaning history, or a contamination state of the suction cleaner as a device parameter, wherein the communication device of the suction cleaner or of the additional device transmits information about the presence parameter or device parameter to the suction material collecting station, and wherein an operation of the fan of the suction material collecting station is controlled automatically, depending on the presence parameter or the device parameter. | A suction material collecting station for regenerating a filter chamber of a suction cleaner has an interface for connecting to the suction cleaner, a suction material collection container, a fan for generating a negative pressure in the suction material collection container, and an electric motor for driving the fan so that suction material contained in the filter chamber may be conveyed into the suction material collection container. The suction material collecting station has a control and evaluation unit that calculates a surroundings disturbance parameter and controls the operation of the electric motor automatically, depending on the surroundings disturbance parameter and a device parameter of the suction cleaner. The suction material collecting station has a detection device for detecting a presence parameter in the surroundings of the suction material collecting station and/or a device parameter, and/or a communication device for receiving information about the presence parameter and/or device parameter.1. A suction material collecting station for regenerating a filter chamber of a suction cleaner, comprising:
an interface configured for connecting to the suction cleaner, a suction material collection container, a fan configured for generating a negative pressure in the suction material collection container, an electric motor configured for driving the fan so that suction material contained in the filter chamber of the suction cleaner may be conveyed by the fan into the suction material collection container, a control and evaluation unit which is equipped to calculate a surroundings disturbance parameter, which indicates a degree of potential disturbance of the surroundings by an operation of the fan of the suction material collecting station, and to control the operation of the electric motor automatically, depending on the surroundings disturbance parameter and a device parameter of the suction cleaner, and a detection device configured for detecting a presence parameter in the surroundings of the suction material collecting station or a device parameter, and a communication device for receiving information about the presence parameter or device parameter. 2. The suction material collecting station according to claim 1, wherein the detection device has at least one of an image capture device, an ultrasonic sensor, a microphone, a radio module, or a movement sensor. 3. The suction material collecting station according to claim 1, wherein the presence parameter is the presence of a person, an animal, or a device operated in the surroundings. 4. The suction material collecting station according to claim 1, wherein the device parameter is a status of the suction cleaner in the form of a fill level of the filter chamber, a charge status of an accumulator, a cleaning history, or a degree of contamination of the suction cleaner. 5. A system made from a suction material collecting station designed according to claim 1 and a suction cleaner, wherein the suction cleaner has a filter chamber for collecting suction material during a suction cleaning operation and at least one device partial area corresponding to the interface of the suction material collecting station so as to connect the suction cleaner to the suction material collecting station to regenerate the filter chamber. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the suction material collecting station and the suction cleaner have communication devices corresponding to one another. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the system further comprises a wireless communication network with an access point, wherein the communication devices of the suction material collecting station and the suction cleaner are designed to communicate with the access point. 8. The system according to claim 7, further comprising at least one additional device linked into the communication network with a corresponding communication device, wherein the additional device is selected from or equipped with a device from the group consisting of: data memory device, accumulator for the suction cleaner, movement sensor, image capture device, ultrasonic sensor, microphone, radio module, household appliance, entertainment device, and remote control device. 9. A method for regenerating a filter chamber of a suction cleaner by means of a suction material collecting station, wherein the suction cleaner is connected to an interface of the suction material collecting station, the method comprising:
transferring suction material present in the filter chamber into a suction material collection container of the suction material collecting station by means of a fan of the suction material collecting station driven by an electric motor, calculating with a control and evaluation unit a surroundings disturbance parameter that indicates a degree of potential disturbance of the surroundings by operating the fan of the suction material collecting station, automatically controlling with the control and evaluation unit the operation of the electric motor, depending on the surroundings disturbance parameter and a device parameter of the suction cleaner, and detecting with a detection device of the suction material collecting station a presence parameter in the surroundings of the suction material collecting station or a device parameter, and receiving with a communication device of the suction material collecting station information about the presence parameter and/or device parameter. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the detection device of the suction material collecting station detects a presence of a person, an animal, or a device operated in the surroundings as the presence parameter, or wherein the detection device detects a status of the suction cleaner in the form of a fill level of the filter chamber, a charge status of an accumulator, a cleaning history, or a contamination state of the suction cleaner as a device parameter. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the detection device of the suction cleaner, or of an additional device operated in the surroundings, detects a presence of a person, an animal, or a device operated in the surroundings as the presence parameter, or wherein the detection device detects a status of the suction cleaner in the form of a fill level of the filter chamber, a charge status of an accumulator, a cleaning history, or a contamination state of the suction cleaner as a device parameter, wherein the communication device of the suction cleaner or of the additional device transmits information about the presence parameter or device parameter to the suction material collecting station, and wherein an operation of the fan of the suction material collecting station is controlled automatically, depending on the presence parameter or the device parameter. | 3,600 |
345,936 | 16,804,313 | 3,618 | The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, generally relates to methods and devices for determining the health status of a subject, e.g., whether the subject has a disease or other condition. In some embodiments, a plurality or mixture of species may be differentially solubilized in a single two-phase aqueous system, or other multi-phase aqueous system. The nature or degree of the solubilization of the species may be used to determine the health status of a subject. For example, some embodiments are directed to devices and methods for determining a disease or other condition as a function of the changes to the structure of two or more species. The species may be selected based on their differential solubility behavior in a two-phase or other multi-phase aqueous system. Preferential enrichment of the species concentrations in one of the phases, and/or the ratios of species in the phases may be determined, and in some cases compared to their respective values for healthy and/or diseased subjects to determine the health status of the subject. | 1-35. (canceled) 36. A method for treating cancer in a subject, comprising:
providing a sample taken from a subject, wherein the sample comprises two or more species; partitioning the sample in an aqueous multi-phase system, wherein the two or more species partitions differently in the aqueous multi-phase system; determining partition coefficients between the two or more species in at least a first phase and a second phase of the aqueous multi-phase system, wherein the second phase is substantially immiscible with the first phase at equilibrium; determining cancer within the subject based on the two or more partition coefficients; selecting an anti-cancer drug or an anti-cancer therapeutic intervention for the subject based on the two or more partition coefficients; and treating the subject for said cancer with the anti-cancer drug or the anti-cancer therapeutic intervention. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein determining cancer within the subject based on the two or more partition coefficients comprises comparing the two or more partition coefficients with reference partition coefficients. 38. (canceled) 39. The method of claim 36, wherein the aqueous partitioning system comprises polyethylene glycol. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein the aqueous partitioning system comprises dextran. 41. The method of claim 36, wherein determining cancer comprises determining the presence or absence of cancer within the subject. 42. The method of claim 36, wherein determining cancer comprises determining a risk of cancer. 43. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is prostate cancer. 44. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer. 45. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. 46. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer. 47. The method of claim 36, wherein the aqueous multi-phase system is a two-phase system. 48. The method of claim 36, wherein the aqueous multi-phase system comprises at least three phases. 49. The method of claim 36, wherein determining partition coefficients between the two or more species comprises measuring each of the two or more species within the aqueous multi-phase system, using at least two assays, each of the assays being specific to each of the species. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein at least one of the assays is a species-specific immuno-based assay. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein at least one of the assays is an ELISA assay. 52. The method of claim 49, wherein the two or more species comprises at least two unique biomolecules. 53. The method of claim 36, further comprising comparing the calculated partition coefficients of the two or more species with reference values to determine the presence or risk level of said cancer in said subject. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein said reference values are obtained from individuals with benign tumors. 55. The method of claim 53, wherein said reference values comprise known concentration values in corresponding aqueous phases derived from biological fluid samples taken from individuals with and without said cancer. 56. The method of claim 36, wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of whole blood, blood serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, CNS fluid, breast nipple aspirate fluid, cerebral spinal fluid, and semen. | The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, generally relates to methods and devices for determining the health status of a subject, e.g., whether the subject has a disease or other condition. In some embodiments, a plurality or mixture of species may be differentially solubilized in a single two-phase aqueous system, or other multi-phase aqueous system. The nature or degree of the solubilization of the species may be used to determine the health status of a subject. For example, some embodiments are directed to devices and methods for determining a disease or other condition as a function of the changes to the structure of two or more species. The species may be selected based on their differential solubility behavior in a two-phase or other multi-phase aqueous system. Preferential enrichment of the species concentrations in one of the phases, and/or the ratios of species in the phases may be determined, and in some cases compared to their respective values for healthy and/or diseased subjects to determine the health status of the subject.1-35. (canceled) 36. A method for treating cancer in a subject, comprising:
providing a sample taken from a subject, wherein the sample comprises two or more species; partitioning the sample in an aqueous multi-phase system, wherein the two or more species partitions differently in the aqueous multi-phase system; determining partition coefficients between the two or more species in at least a first phase and a second phase of the aqueous multi-phase system, wherein the second phase is substantially immiscible with the first phase at equilibrium; determining cancer within the subject based on the two or more partition coefficients; selecting an anti-cancer drug or an anti-cancer therapeutic intervention for the subject based on the two or more partition coefficients; and treating the subject for said cancer with the anti-cancer drug or the anti-cancer therapeutic intervention. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein determining cancer within the subject based on the two or more partition coefficients comprises comparing the two or more partition coefficients with reference partition coefficients. 38. (canceled) 39. The method of claim 36, wherein the aqueous partitioning system comprises polyethylene glycol. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein the aqueous partitioning system comprises dextran. 41. The method of claim 36, wherein determining cancer comprises determining the presence or absence of cancer within the subject. 42. The method of claim 36, wherein determining cancer comprises determining a risk of cancer. 43. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is prostate cancer. 44. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer. 45. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. 46. The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer. 47. The method of claim 36, wherein the aqueous multi-phase system is a two-phase system. 48. The method of claim 36, wherein the aqueous multi-phase system comprises at least three phases. 49. The method of claim 36, wherein determining partition coefficients between the two or more species comprises measuring each of the two or more species within the aqueous multi-phase system, using at least two assays, each of the assays being specific to each of the species. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein at least one of the assays is a species-specific immuno-based assay. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein at least one of the assays is an ELISA assay. 52. The method of claim 49, wherein the two or more species comprises at least two unique biomolecules. 53. The method of claim 36, further comprising comparing the calculated partition coefficients of the two or more species with reference values to determine the presence or risk level of said cancer in said subject. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein said reference values are obtained from individuals with benign tumors. 55. The method of claim 53, wherein said reference values comprise known concentration values in corresponding aqueous phases derived from biological fluid samples taken from individuals with and without said cancer. 56. The method of claim 36, wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of whole blood, blood serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, CNS fluid, breast nipple aspirate fluid, cerebral spinal fluid, and semen. | 3,600 |
345,937 | 16,804,323 | 3,618 | A consumer appliance or touch panel interface, as provided herein, may include a substrate panel, a flexible capacitance touch circuit, a deformable conductive joint, and a rigid circuit board. The flexible capacitance touch circuit may be joined to the substrate panel. The deformable conductive joint may extend from a first end to a second end. The first end may be bonded to the flexible capacitance touch circuit. The rigid circuit board may be bonded to the deformable conductive joint at the second end, the rigid circuit board being positioned behind the substrate panel along the axial direction. | 1. An appliance user interface defining an axial direction, the appliance user interface comprising:
a substrate panel; a flexible capacitance touch circuit joined to the substrate panel; a deformable conductive joint extending from a first end to a second end, the first end being bonded to the flexible capacitance touch circuit; and a rigid circuit board bonded to the deformable conductive joint at the second end, the rigid circuit board being positioned behind the substrate panel along the axial direction. 2. The appliance user interface of claim 1, wherein the substrate panel comprises a non-permeable dielectric material. 3. The appliance user interface of claim 1, wherein the flexible capacitance touch circuit is adhered to the substrate panel. 4. The appliance user interface of claim 3, wherein the substrate panel comprises a non-linear, curved plate. 5. The appliance user interface of claim 3, wherein the substrate panel defines a front surface and a rear surface spaced apart from the front surface along the axial direction, and wherein the flexible capacitance touch circuit is adhered to the rear surface. 6. The appliance user interface of claim 3, wherein the substrate panel defines a front surface and a rear surface spaced apart from the front surface along the axial direction, and wherein the rigid circuit board is selectively attached to the substrate panel at the rear surface. 7. The appliance user interface of claim 1, wherein the rigid circuit board is mechanically fastened to the substrate panel. 8. The appliance user interface of claim 1, further comprising a primary circuit board in electrical communication with the rigid circuit board and spaced apart therefrom. 9. The appliance user interface of claim 1, wherein the deformable conductive joint comprises an anisotropic conductive film, and wherein the rigid circuit board is bonded to the deformable conductive joint via anisotropic conductive film bonding. 10. A laundry appliance for treating articles therein, the laundry appliance comprising:
a cabinet defining an opening for receipt of the articles to be treated; an interface bracket disposed on the cabinet; and a user interface disposed on the interface bracket, the user interface comprising
a substrate panel,
a flexible capacitance touch circuit joined to the substrate panel,
a deformable conductive joint extending from a first end to a second end, the first end being bonded to the flexible capacitance touch circuit, and
a rigid circuit board bonded to the deformable conductive joint at the second end, the rigid circuit board being positioned behind the substrate panel along an axial direction. 11. The laundry appliance of claim 10, wherein the substrate panel comprises a non-permeable dielectric material. 12. The laundry appliance of claim 10, wherein the flexible capacitance touch circuit is adhered to the substrate panel. 13. The laundry appliance of claim 12, wherein the substrate panel comprises a non-linear, curved plate. 14. The laundry appliance of claim 12, wherein the substrate panel defines a front surface and a rear surface spaced apart from the front surface along the axial direction, and wherein the flexible capacitance touch circuit is adhered to the rear surface. 15. The laundry appliance of claim 12, wherein the substrate panel defines a front surface and a rear surface spaced apart from the front surface along the axial direction, and wherein the rigid circuit board is selectively attached to the substrate panel at the rear surface. 16. The laundry appliance of claim 10, wherein the rigid circuit board is mechanically fastened to the substrate panel. 17. The laundry appliance of claim 10, further comprising a primary circuit board in electrical communication with the rigid circuit board and spaced apart therefrom. 18. The laundry appliance of claim 10, wherein the deformable conductive joint comprises an anisotropic conductive film, and wherein the rigid circuit board is bonded to the deformable conductive joint via anisotropic conductive film bonding. | A consumer appliance or touch panel interface, as provided herein, may include a substrate panel, a flexible capacitance touch circuit, a deformable conductive joint, and a rigid circuit board. The flexible capacitance touch circuit may be joined to the substrate panel. The deformable conductive joint may extend from a first end to a second end. The first end may be bonded to the flexible capacitance touch circuit. The rigid circuit board may be bonded to the deformable conductive joint at the second end, the rigid circuit board being positioned behind the substrate panel along the axial direction.1. An appliance user interface defining an axial direction, the appliance user interface comprising:
a substrate panel; a flexible capacitance touch circuit joined to the substrate panel; a deformable conductive joint extending from a first end to a second end, the first end being bonded to the flexible capacitance touch circuit; and a rigid circuit board bonded to the deformable conductive joint at the second end, the rigid circuit board being positioned behind the substrate panel along the axial direction. 2. The appliance user interface of claim 1, wherein the substrate panel comprises a non-permeable dielectric material. 3. The appliance user interface of claim 1, wherein the flexible capacitance touch circuit is adhered to the substrate panel. 4. The appliance user interface of claim 3, wherein the substrate panel comprises a non-linear, curved plate. 5. The appliance user interface of claim 3, wherein the substrate panel defines a front surface and a rear surface spaced apart from the front surface along the axial direction, and wherein the flexible capacitance touch circuit is adhered to the rear surface. 6. The appliance user interface of claim 3, wherein the substrate panel defines a front surface and a rear surface spaced apart from the front surface along the axial direction, and wherein the rigid circuit board is selectively attached to the substrate panel at the rear surface. 7. The appliance user interface of claim 1, wherein the rigid circuit board is mechanically fastened to the substrate panel. 8. The appliance user interface of claim 1, further comprising a primary circuit board in electrical communication with the rigid circuit board and spaced apart therefrom. 9. The appliance user interface of claim 1, wherein the deformable conductive joint comprises an anisotropic conductive film, and wherein the rigid circuit board is bonded to the deformable conductive joint via anisotropic conductive film bonding. 10. A laundry appliance for treating articles therein, the laundry appliance comprising:
a cabinet defining an opening for receipt of the articles to be treated; an interface bracket disposed on the cabinet; and a user interface disposed on the interface bracket, the user interface comprising
a substrate panel,
a flexible capacitance touch circuit joined to the substrate panel,
a deformable conductive joint extending from a first end to a second end, the first end being bonded to the flexible capacitance touch circuit, and
a rigid circuit board bonded to the deformable conductive joint at the second end, the rigid circuit board being positioned behind the substrate panel along an axial direction. 11. The laundry appliance of claim 10, wherein the substrate panel comprises a non-permeable dielectric material. 12. The laundry appliance of claim 10, wherein the flexible capacitance touch circuit is adhered to the substrate panel. 13. The laundry appliance of claim 12, wherein the substrate panel comprises a non-linear, curved plate. 14. The laundry appliance of claim 12, wherein the substrate panel defines a front surface and a rear surface spaced apart from the front surface along the axial direction, and wherein the flexible capacitance touch circuit is adhered to the rear surface. 15. The laundry appliance of claim 12, wherein the substrate panel defines a front surface and a rear surface spaced apart from the front surface along the axial direction, and wherein the rigid circuit board is selectively attached to the substrate panel at the rear surface. 16. The laundry appliance of claim 10, wherein the rigid circuit board is mechanically fastened to the substrate panel. 17. The laundry appliance of claim 10, further comprising a primary circuit board in electrical communication with the rigid circuit board and spaced apart therefrom. 18. The laundry appliance of claim 10, wherein the deformable conductive joint comprises an anisotropic conductive film, and wherein the rigid circuit board is bonded to the deformable conductive joint via anisotropic conductive film bonding. | 3,600 |
345,938 | 16,804,259 | 3,618 | According to one embodiment, an optical imaging apparatus includes a polarizer assembly, a polarization image sensor, and a lens assembly. The polarizer assembly is configured to acquire a first light ray of a first polarization component and a second light ray of a second polarization component which is different from the first polarization component, by using a light flux from an identical direction. The polarization image sensor is located in a position facing the polarizer assembly. The polarization image sensor is configured to acquire an image of the first polarization component and an image of the second polarization component at once or at the same time. The lens assembly includes a first lens configured to form the images on the polarization image sensor. | 1. An optical imaging apparatus comprising:
a polarizer assembly configured to acquire a first light ray of a first polarization component and a second light ray of a second polarization component which is different from the first polarization component, by using a light flux from an identical direction; a polarization image sensor located in a position facing the polarizer assembly, and configured to acquire an image of the first polarization component and an image of the second polarization component at once or at the same time; and a lens assembly including a first lens configured to form the images on the polarization image sensor. 2. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the polarizer assembly includes: a first polarizing optical element configured to acquire the first light ray of the first polarization component; and a second polarizing optical element configured to acquire the second light ray of the second polarization component, and the first polarizing optical element and the second polarizing optical element neighbor each other. 3. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 2, wherein the polarizer assembly includes a shield portion between the first polarizing optical element and the second polarizing optical element. 4. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the second polarizing optical element is disposed inside the first polarizing optical element, and the first polarizing optical element and the second polarizing optical element are concentric. 5. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 4, wherein
the first lens is located between the polarizer assembly and the polarization image sensor, the lens assembly includes a second lens which is located between the second polarizing optical element and the first lens and which is configured to transmit the second light ray, and the first lens is configured to form the images of the first light ray and the second light ray on the polarization image sensor. 6. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 5, wherein the lens assembly includes a third lens with an annular shape, which is disposed around an outer periphery of the second lens, is located between the first polarizing optical element and the first lens, and is configured to transmit the first light ray. 7. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first lens is located farther than the polarizer assembly from the polarization image sensor. 8. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 7, wherein the polarizer assembly is located between the first lens and the polarization image sensor and is located in a focal plane of the first lens. 9. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the first lens is located between the polarizer assembly and the polarization image sensor, and the first polarizing optical element and the second polarizing optical element are located to neighbor each other, with an optical axis of the polarization image sensor being interposed. 10. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first lens is located on the optical axis of the polarization image sensor. 11. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 9, wherein
the first lens is located between the first polarizing optical element and the polarization image sensor, the lens assembly includes a second lens which is located between the second polarizing optical element and the polarization image sensor, and the first lens and the second lens neighbor each other, with the optical axis of the polarization image sensor being interposed. 12. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first lens is a varifocal lens. 13. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a light source,
wherein the polarizer assembly includes a polarization beam splitter configured to acquire the first light ray of the first polarization component and the second light ray of the second polarization component from light from the light source, the light being as the light flux from the identical direction. 14. A robot hand comprising the optical imaging apparatus of claim 1. 15. A moving body comprising the optical imaging apparatus of claim 1. 16. A LiDAR apparatus comprising the optical imaging apparatus of claim 1. | According to one embodiment, an optical imaging apparatus includes a polarizer assembly, a polarization image sensor, and a lens assembly. The polarizer assembly is configured to acquire a first light ray of a first polarization component and a second light ray of a second polarization component which is different from the first polarization component, by using a light flux from an identical direction. The polarization image sensor is located in a position facing the polarizer assembly. The polarization image sensor is configured to acquire an image of the first polarization component and an image of the second polarization component at once or at the same time. The lens assembly includes a first lens configured to form the images on the polarization image sensor.1. An optical imaging apparatus comprising:
a polarizer assembly configured to acquire a first light ray of a first polarization component and a second light ray of a second polarization component which is different from the first polarization component, by using a light flux from an identical direction; a polarization image sensor located in a position facing the polarizer assembly, and configured to acquire an image of the first polarization component and an image of the second polarization component at once or at the same time; and a lens assembly including a first lens configured to form the images on the polarization image sensor. 2. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the polarizer assembly includes: a first polarizing optical element configured to acquire the first light ray of the first polarization component; and a second polarizing optical element configured to acquire the second light ray of the second polarization component, and the first polarizing optical element and the second polarizing optical element neighbor each other. 3. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 2, wherein the polarizer assembly includes a shield portion between the first polarizing optical element and the second polarizing optical element. 4. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the second polarizing optical element is disposed inside the first polarizing optical element, and the first polarizing optical element and the second polarizing optical element are concentric. 5. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 4, wherein
the first lens is located between the polarizer assembly and the polarization image sensor, the lens assembly includes a second lens which is located between the second polarizing optical element and the first lens and which is configured to transmit the second light ray, and the first lens is configured to form the images of the first light ray and the second light ray on the polarization image sensor. 6. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 5, wherein the lens assembly includes a third lens with an annular shape, which is disposed around an outer periphery of the second lens, is located between the first polarizing optical element and the first lens, and is configured to transmit the first light ray. 7. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first lens is located farther than the polarizer assembly from the polarization image sensor. 8. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 7, wherein the polarizer assembly is located between the first lens and the polarization image sensor and is located in a focal plane of the first lens. 9. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the first lens is located between the polarizer assembly and the polarization image sensor, and the first polarizing optical element and the second polarizing optical element are located to neighbor each other, with an optical axis of the polarization image sensor being interposed. 10. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first lens is located on the optical axis of the polarization image sensor. 11. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 9, wherein
the first lens is located between the first polarizing optical element and the polarization image sensor, the lens assembly includes a second lens which is located between the second polarizing optical element and the polarization image sensor, and the first lens and the second lens neighbor each other, with the optical axis of the polarization image sensor being interposed. 12. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first lens is a varifocal lens. 13. The optical imaging apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a light source,
wherein the polarizer assembly includes a polarization beam splitter configured to acquire the first light ray of the first polarization component and the second light ray of the second polarization component from light from the light source, the light being as the light flux from the identical direction. 14. A robot hand comprising the optical imaging apparatus of claim 1. 15. A moving body comprising the optical imaging apparatus of claim 1. 16. A LiDAR apparatus comprising the optical imaging apparatus of claim 1. | 3,600 |
345,939 | 16,804,375 | 2,464 | A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium provide a false grant detection service. An end device may receive downlink control information when in a discontinuous reception active state. The downlink control information may include a new downlink transmission grant or a new uplink transmission grant. When downlink data pertaining to the new downlink transmission grant is unsuccessfully decoded, the end device may identify the new downlink transmission grant as a potential false grant and invoke a verification procedure. Depending on the result of the verification procedure, the end device may or may not start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer depending on whether the potential false grant is deemed a false grant or a valid grant. Similarly, the end device may invoke a verification procedure for a new uplink transmission grant. The detection of false grants may minimize the waste of power for the end device. | 1. A method comprising:
detecting, by an end device, a new transmission grant via a downlink control channel, wherein the end device is in a discontinuous reception active state; determining, by the end device, that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant; performing, by the end device, a verification procedure pertaining to the potential false grant; and determining, by the end device based on a result of the verification procedure, whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the new transmission grant is a new downlink transmission grant. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, by the end device, downlink traffic pertaining to the new downlink transmission grant; and decoding, by the end device, the downlink traffic; and wherein determining that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant further comprises: determining, by the end device, that the downlink traffic is unsuccessfully decoded. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the performing further comprises:
starting, by the end device, a timer; transmitting, by the end device to a wireless station, a hybrid automatic repeat request message; and determining, by the end device, whether a retransmission grant is received prior to an expiration of the timer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein when the potential false grant is a valid grant, the method further comprising:
calculating, by the end device, a discontinuous reception inactivity timer value based on a time elapsed for performing the verification procedure; determining, by the end device, that a discontinuous reception inactivity timer is currently running; comparing, by the end device, the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value to a remaining time value of the discontinuous reception inactivity timer; and restarting, by the end device based on the comparing, the discontinuous reception inactivity timer with the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value when the remaining time value is less than the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein when the potential false grant is a false grant, the method further comprising:
omitting, by the end device, to start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the new transmission grant is a new uplink transmission grant, and the performing further comprising:
determining, by the end device, whether uplink data is stored for an uplink transmission; and wherein determining whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant further comprises: determining, by the end device, that the potential false grant is a false grant when there is no uplink data stored for the uplink transmission. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein when the potential false grant is a false grant, the method further comprising:
omitting, by the end device, to start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. 9. A device comprising:
a communication interface; a processor, wherein the processor is configured to:
detect a new transmission grant via a downlink control channel, wherein the device is in a discontinuous reception active state;
determine that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant;
perform a verification procedure pertaining to the potential false grant; and
determine, based on a result of the verification procedure, whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the new transmission grant is a new downlink transmission grant. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, via the communication interface, downlink traffic pertaining to the new downlink transmission grant; and decode the downlink traffic; and wherein determining that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant, the processor is further configured to: determine that the downlink traffic is unsuccessfully decoded. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein when performing, the processor is further configured to:
start a timer; transmit, via the communication interface to a wireless station, a hybrid automatic repeat request message; and determine whether a retransmission grant is received prior to an expiration of the timer. 13. The device of claim 9, wherein when the potential false grant is a valid grant, the processor is further configured to:
calculate a discontinuous reception inactivity timer value based on a time elapsed for performing the verification procedure; determine that a discontinuous reception inactivity timer is currently running; compare the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value to a remaining time value of the discontinuous reception inactivity timer; and restart, based on the comparison, the discontinuous reception inactivity timer with the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value when the remaining time value is less than the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value. 14. The device of claim 9, wherein when the potential false grant is a false grant, the processor is further configured to:
omit to start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. 15. The device of claim 9, wherein the new transmission grant is a new uplink transmission grant, and when performing, the processor is further configured to:
determine whether uplink data is stored for an uplink transmission; and wherein determining whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant, the processor is further configured to: determine that the potential false grant is a false grant when there is no uplink data stored for the uplink transmission. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein when the potential false grant is a false grant, the processor is further configured to:
omit to start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing instructions executable by a processor of a device, which when executed cause the device to:
detect a new transmission grant via a downlink control channel, wherein the device is in a discontinuous reception active state; determine that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant; perform a verification procedure pertaining to the potential false grant; and determine, based on a result of the verification procedure, whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the new transmission grant is a new downlink transmission grant, and wherein the instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
receive downlink traffic pertaining to the new downlink transmission grant; and decode the downlink traffic; and wherein determining that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant, cause the device to: determine that the downlink traffic is unsuccessfully decoded. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions to perform further comprises instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
start a timer; transmit to a wireless station, a hybrid automatic repeat request message; and determine whether a retransmission grant is received prior to an expiration of the timer. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein when the potential false grant is a valid grant, the instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
calculate a discontinuous reception inactivity timer value based on a time elapsed for performing the verification procedure; determine that a discontinuous reception inactivity timer is currently running; compare the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value to a remaining time value of the discontinuous reception inactivity timer; and restart, based on the comparison, the discontinuous reception inactivity timer with the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value when the remaining time value is less than the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value. | A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium provide a false grant detection service. An end device may receive downlink control information when in a discontinuous reception active state. The downlink control information may include a new downlink transmission grant or a new uplink transmission grant. When downlink data pertaining to the new downlink transmission grant is unsuccessfully decoded, the end device may identify the new downlink transmission grant as a potential false grant and invoke a verification procedure. Depending on the result of the verification procedure, the end device may or may not start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer depending on whether the potential false grant is deemed a false grant or a valid grant. Similarly, the end device may invoke a verification procedure for a new uplink transmission grant. The detection of false grants may minimize the waste of power for the end device.1. A method comprising:
detecting, by an end device, a new transmission grant via a downlink control channel, wherein the end device is in a discontinuous reception active state; determining, by the end device, that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant; performing, by the end device, a verification procedure pertaining to the potential false grant; and determining, by the end device based on a result of the verification procedure, whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the new transmission grant is a new downlink transmission grant. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, by the end device, downlink traffic pertaining to the new downlink transmission grant; and decoding, by the end device, the downlink traffic; and wherein determining that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant further comprises: determining, by the end device, that the downlink traffic is unsuccessfully decoded. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the performing further comprises:
starting, by the end device, a timer; transmitting, by the end device to a wireless station, a hybrid automatic repeat request message; and determining, by the end device, whether a retransmission grant is received prior to an expiration of the timer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein when the potential false grant is a valid grant, the method further comprising:
calculating, by the end device, a discontinuous reception inactivity timer value based on a time elapsed for performing the verification procedure; determining, by the end device, that a discontinuous reception inactivity timer is currently running; comparing, by the end device, the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value to a remaining time value of the discontinuous reception inactivity timer; and restarting, by the end device based on the comparing, the discontinuous reception inactivity timer with the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value when the remaining time value is less than the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein when the potential false grant is a false grant, the method further comprising:
omitting, by the end device, to start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the new transmission grant is a new uplink transmission grant, and the performing further comprising:
determining, by the end device, whether uplink data is stored for an uplink transmission; and wherein determining whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant further comprises: determining, by the end device, that the potential false grant is a false grant when there is no uplink data stored for the uplink transmission. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein when the potential false grant is a false grant, the method further comprising:
omitting, by the end device, to start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. 9. A device comprising:
a communication interface; a processor, wherein the processor is configured to:
detect a new transmission grant via a downlink control channel, wherein the device is in a discontinuous reception active state;
determine that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant;
perform a verification procedure pertaining to the potential false grant; and
determine, based on a result of the verification procedure, whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the new transmission grant is a new downlink transmission grant. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, via the communication interface, downlink traffic pertaining to the new downlink transmission grant; and decode the downlink traffic; and wherein determining that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant, the processor is further configured to: determine that the downlink traffic is unsuccessfully decoded. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein when performing, the processor is further configured to:
start a timer; transmit, via the communication interface to a wireless station, a hybrid automatic repeat request message; and determine whether a retransmission grant is received prior to an expiration of the timer. 13. The device of claim 9, wherein when the potential false grant is a valid grant, the processor is further configured to:
calculate a discontinuous reception inactivity timer value based on a time elapsed for performing the verification procedure; determine that a discontinuous reception inactivity timer is currently running; compare the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value to a remaining time value of the discontinuous reception inactivity timer; and restart, based on the comparison, the discontinuous reception inactivity timer with the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value when the remaining time value is less than the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value. 14. The device of claim 9, wherein when the potential false grant is a false grant, the processor is further configured to:
omit to start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. 15. The device of claim 9, wherein the new transmission grant is a new uplink transmission grant, and when performing, the processor is further configured to:
determine whether uplink data is stored for an uplink transmission; and wherein determining whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant, the processor is further configured to: determine that the potential false grant is a false grant when there is no uplink data stored for the uplink transmission. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein when the potential false grant is a false grant, the processor is further configured to:
omit to start a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing instructions executable by a processor of a device, which when executed cause the device to:
detect a new transmission grant via a downlink control channel, wherein the device is in a discontinuous reception active state; determine that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant; perform a verification procedure pertaining to the potential false grant; and determine, based on a result of the verification procedure, whether the potential false grant is a valid grant or a false grant. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the new transmission grant is a new downlink transmission grant, and wherein the instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
receive downlink traffic pertaining to the new downlink transmission grant; and decode the downlink traffic; and wherein determining that the new transmission grant is a potential false grant, cause the device to: determine that the downlink traffic is unsuccessfully decoded. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions to perform further comprises instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
start a timer; transmit to a wireless station, a hybrid automatic repeat request message; and determine whether a retransmission grant is received prior to an expiration of the timer. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein when the potential false grant is a valid grant, the instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
calculate a discontinuous reception inactivity timer value based on a time elapsed for performing the verification procedure; determine that a discontinuous reception inactivity timer is currently running; compare the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value to a remaining time value of the discontinuous reception inactivity timer; and restart, based on the comparison, the discontinuous reception inactivity timer with the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value when the remaining time value is less than the discontinuous reception inactivity timer value. | 2,400 |
345,940 | 16,804,347 | 2,464 | A surgical stapling device is disclosed which includes a handle assembly, an endoscopic body portion and a tool assembly. The tool assembly is rotatably and pivotally supported on a distal end of the endoscopic body portion. A tool assembly rotation mechanism is provided which includes a rotation knob, a substantially rigid tube and a flexible member interconnecting the rigid tube to the tool assembly. The substantially rigid tube translates rotation of the rotation knob to rotation of the flexible member and provides a channel for passage of other components of the surgical stapling device. | 1. (canceled) 2. A surgical device comprising:
an elongate body portion having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the elongate body defining a first longitudinal axis; a tool assembly supported on the distal portion of the elongate body portion and defining a second longitudinal axis, the tool assembly rotatable about the second longitudinal axis; an actuation member associated with the tool assembly; a tool assembly rotation mechanism including a rigid tube and a flexible member, the rigid tube positioned within the body portion and having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion of the rigid tube operably connected to the tool assembly via the flexible member; and a flexible firing cable operably connected to the actuation member, the flexible firing cable extending through the rigid tube and the flexible member of the tool assembly rotation mechanism. 3. The surgical device of claim 2, further including a flexible retraction cable coupled to the actuation member, wherein the flexible firing cable is movable to move the actuation member in one direction along the second longitudinal axis and the flexible firing cable is movable to move the actuation member in a second opposite direction along the second longitudinal axis. 4. The surgical device of claim 3, wherein the flexible retraction cable and the flexible firing cable both operate in tension. 5. The surgical device of claim 4, further including a handle assembly having a stationary handle portion and an operating trigger, the operating trigger operably connected to the actuation member by the flexible retraction cable and the flexible firing cable. 6. The surgical device of claim 5, wherein the elongate body portion is rotatable in relation to the handle assembly about the first longitudinal axis. 7. The surgical device of claim 2, wherein the tool assembly is pivotally supported on the distal portion of the elongate body portion about an axis transverse to the first longitudinal axis. 8. The surgical device of claim 2, wherein the flexible member includes a hollow bellows. 9. The surgical device of claim 2, wherein the flexible member includes a coil spring. 10. The surgical device of claim 2, wherein the tool assembly includes a cartridge assembly and an anvil assembly, the cartridge assembly including a plurality of staples, the anvil assembly movable in relation to the cartridge assembly between spaced and approximated positions. 11. The surgical device according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of staples of the cartridge assembly are arranged in a plurality of linear rows. 12. The surgical device according to claim 2, wherein the tool assembly rotation mechanism includes a first gear fixedly secured to the rigid tube. 13. The surgical device of claim 12, wherein the tool assembly rotation mechanism includes a spacer tube and a second gear, the spacer tube positioned about the rigid tube and the second gear rotatably supported on the spacer tube in engagement with the first gear. 14. The spacer device of claim 13, further comprising a rotation knob having an inner surface, the inner surface of the rotation knob having rotation knob gear teeth, the rotation knob gear teeth engaging with the second gear such that rotation of the rotation knob effects rotation of the second gear which in turn effects rotation of the rigid tube. 15. A surgical device comprising:
a handle assembly; an elongate body portion having a proximal portion and a distal portion and defining a first longitudinal axis, the proximal portion of the elongate body portion coupled to the handle assembly such that the elongate body portion is rotatable in relation to the handle assembly about the first longitudinal axis; a tool assembly defining a second longitudinal axis, the tool assembly rotatably and pivotally supported on the distal portion of the elongate body portion, the tool assembly being pivotal about a pivot axis that is substantially transverse to the first longitudinal axis of the body portion and rotatable about the second longitudinal axis; an actuation member operatively connected to the handle assembly and movable to actuate the tool assembly; and a control mechanism coupled to the tool assembly and operable to effect rotation of the tool assembly in relation to the elongate body portion, the control mechanism including a hollow tube positioned within the body portion and a hollow bellows coupling the hollow tube to the tool assembly; and a flexible firing cable operably connected to the actuation member, the flexible firing cable extending through the hollow tube and the hollow bellows of the tool assembly rotation mechanism. 16. The surgical device of claim 15, wherein the tool assembly includes a cartridge assembly and an anvil, the cartridge assembly having a plurality of staples, the anvil assembly movable in relation to the cartridge assembly between spaced and approximated positions. 17. The surgical device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of staples of the cartridge assembly is arranged in a plurality of linear rows. 18. The surgical device of claim 17, further including a drive sled positioned adjacent to the actuation member, and a knife blade supported by the actuation member. | A surgical stapling device is disclosed which includes a handle assembly, an endoscopic body portion and a tool assembly. The tool assembly is rotatably and pivotally supported on a distal end of the endoscopic body portion. A tool assembly rotation mechanism is provided which includes a rotation knob, a substantially rigid tube and a flexible member interconnecting the rigid tube to the tool assembly. The substantially rigid tube translates rotation of the rotation knob to rotation of the flexible member and provides a channel for passage of other components of the surgical stapling device.1. (canceled) 2. A surgical device comprising:
an elongate body portion having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the elongate body defining a first longitudinal axis; a tool assembly supported on the distal portion of the elongate body portion and defining a second longitudinal axis, the tool assembly rotatable about the second longitudinal axis; an actuation member associated with the tool assembly; a tool assembly rotation mechanism including a rigid tube and a flexible member, the rigid tube positioned within the body portion and having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion of the rigid tube operably connected to the tool assembly via the flexible member; and a flexible firing cable operably connected to the actuation member, the flexible firing cable extending through the rigid tube and the flexible member of the tool assembly rotation mechanism. 3. The surgical device of claim 2, further including a flexible retraction cable coupled to the actuation member, wherein the flexible firing cable is movable to move the actuation member in one direction along the second longitudinal axis and the flexible firing cable is movable to move the actuation member in a second opposite direction along the second longitudinal axis. 4. The surgical device of claim 3, wherein the flexible retraction cable and the flexible firing cable both operate in tension. 5. The surgical device of claim 4, further including a handle assembly having a stationary handle portion and an operating trigger, the operating trigger operably connected to the actuation member by the flexible retraction cable and the flexible firing cable. 6. The surgical device of claim 5, wherein the elongate body portion is rotatable in relation to the handle assembly about the first longitudinal axis. 7. The surgical device of claim 2, wherein the tool assembly is pivotally supported on the distal portion of the elongate body portion about an axis transverse to the first longitudinal axis. 8. The surgical device of claim 2, wherein the flexible member includes a hollow bellows. 9. The surgical device of claim 2, wherein the flexible member includes a coil spring. 10. The surgical device of claim 2, wherein the tool assembly includes a cartridge assembly and an anvil assembly, the cartridge assembly including a plurality of staples, the anvil assembly movable in relation to the cartridge assembly between spaced and approximated positions. 11. The surgical device according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of staples of the cartridge assembly are arranged in a plurality of linear rows. 12. The surgical device according to claim 2, wherein the tool assembly rotation mechanism includes a first gear fixedly secured to the rigid tube. 13. The surgical device of claim 12, wherein the tool assembly rotation mechanism includes a spacer tube and a second gear, the spacer tube positioned about the rigid tube and the second gear rotatably supported on the spacer tube in engagement with the first gear. 14. The spacer device of claim 13, further comprising a rotation knob having an inner surface, the inner surface of the rotation knob having rotation knob gear teeth, the rotation knob gear teeth engaging with the second gear such that rotation of the rotation knob effects rotation of the second gear which in turn effects rotation of the rigid tube. 15. A surgical device comprising:
a handle assembly; an elongate body portion having a proximal portion and a distal portion and defining a first longitudinal axis, the proximal portion of the elongate body portion coupled to the handle assembly such that the elongate body portion is rotatable in relation to the handle assembly about the first longitudinal axis; a tool assembly defining a second longitudinal axis, the tool assembly rotatably and pivotally supported on the distal portion of the elongate body portion, the tool assembly being pivotal about a pivot axis that is substantially transverse to the first longitudinal axis of the body portion and rotatable about the second longitudinal axis; an actuation member operatively connected to the handle assembly and movable to actuate the tool assembly; and a control mechanism coupled to the tool assembly and operable to effect rotation of the tool assembly in relation to the elongate body portion, the control mechanism including a hollow tube positioned within the body portion and a hollow bellows coupling the hollow tube to the tool assembly; and a flexible firing cable operably connected to the actuation member, the flexible firing cable extending through the hollow tube and the hollow bellows of the tool assembly rotation mechanism. 16. The surgical device of claim 15, wherein the tool assembly includes a cartridge assembly and an anvil, the cartridge assembly having a plurality of staples, the anvil assembly movable in relation to the cartridge assembly between spaced and approximated positions. 17. The surgical device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of staples of the cartridge assembly is arranged in a plurality of linear rows. 18. The surgical device of claim 17, further including a drive sled positioned adjacent to the actuation member, and a knife blade supported by the actuation member. | 2,400 |
345,941 | 16,804,355 | 2,464 | According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes a current collector, an electrode mixture layer, and a self-assembled film. The first self-assembled film covers at least a part of a surface of the current collector. The first self-assembled film contains organic molecules. The electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of the first self-assembled film. | 1. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; a first self-assembled film containing organic molecules and covering at least a part of a surface of the current collector; and an electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of a surface of the first self-assembled film. 2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecules include a structure represented by R—XOn, the R is a first carbon chain structure or a second carbon chain structure having a functional group at a terminal thereof, the X contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, P, N, and C, and the n is 0, 1, 2, or 3. 3. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon chain structure or the second carbon chain structure contains fluorine. 4. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
the organic molecules include a structure represented by formula (1) A-R1—B, the A represents one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a phosphonic acid group, silanolic hydroxy groups, and an amino group, the R1 is represented by CaHb, a is 3 or larger and 17 or smaller, b is 1 or larger and 35 or smaller, and the B is one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phosphonic acid group, silanolic hydroxy groups. 5. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first self-assembled film according to an ellipsometer is 0.4 nm or greater and 5 nm or smaller. 6. The electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a second self-assembled film that covers at least a part of a surface of the electrode mixture layer and faces the first self-assembled film via the electrode mixture layer. 7. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein a thickness of the second self-assembled film according to the ellipsometer is 0.4 nm or greater and 5 nm or smaller. 8. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecules contain at least one selected from the group consisting of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-n-hexylphosphonic acid, 10-carboxydecylphosphonic acid, stearic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and octadecylphosphonic acid. 9. A secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an aqueous electrolyte, wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes the electrode according to claim 1. 10. The secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, lithium-titanium oxide having a spinel structure, niobium-titanium composite oxide, and orthorhombic Na-containing niobium-titanium composite oxide. 11. A battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 9. 12. The battery pack according to claim 11, further comprising an external power distribution terminal and a protective circuit. 13. The battery pack according to claim 11, which includes plural of the secondary battery and the plural of the secondary battery are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of series and parallel. 14. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 11. 15. The vehicle according to claim 14, further comprising a mechanism which converts kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. 16. A stationary power supply comprising the battery pack according to claim 11. 17. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; a monomolecular film containing organic molecules and covering at least a part of a surface of the current collector; and an electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of a surface of the monomolecular film. 18. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; an organic molecular film covering at least a part of a surface of the current collector and including a structure represented by R—XOn, the R being a first carbon chain structure or a second carbon chain structure having a functional group at a terminal thereof, the X being at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, P, N, and C, and the n being 0, 1, 2, or 3; and an electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of a surface of the organic molecular film. | According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes a current collector, an electrode mixture layer, and a self-assembled film. The first self-assembled film covers at least a part of a surface of the current collector. The first self-assembled film contains organic molecules. The electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of the first self-assembled film.1. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; a first self-assembled film containing organic molecules and covering at least a part of a surface of the current collector; and an electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of a surface of the first self-assembled film. 2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecules include a structure represented by R—XOn, the R is a first carbon chain structure or a second carbon chain structure having a functional group at a terminal thereof, the X contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, P, N, and C, and the n is 0, 1, 2, or 3. 3. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon chain structure or the second carbon chain structure contains fluorine. 4. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein
the organic molecules include a structure represented by formula (1) A-R1—B, the A represents one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a phosphonic acid group, silanolic hydroxy groups, and an amino group, the R1 is represented by CaHb, a is 3 or larger and 17 or smaller, b is 1 or larger and 35 or smaller, and the B is one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phosphonic acid group, silanolic hydroxy groups. 5. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first self-assembled film according to an ellipsometer is 0.4 nm or greater and 5 nm or smaller. 6. The electrode according to claim 1, further comprising a second self-assembled film that covers at least a part of a surface of the electrode mixture layer and faces the first self-assembled film via the electrode mixture layer. 7. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein a thickness of the second self-assembled film according to the ellipsometer is 0.4 nm or greater and 5 nm or smaller. 8. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecules contain at least one selected from the group consisting of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-n-hexylphosphonic acid, 10-carboxydecylphosphonic acid, stearic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and octadecylphosphonic acid. 9. A secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an aqueous electrolyte, wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes the electrode according to claim 1. 10. The secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, lithium-titanium oxide having a spinel structure, niobium-titanium composite oxide, and orthorhombic Na-containing niobium-titanium composite oxide. 11. A battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 9. 12. The battery pack according to claim 11, further comprising an external power distribution terminal and a protective circuit. 13. The battery pack according to claim 11, which includes plural of the secondary battery and the plural of the secondary battery are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of series and parallel. 14. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 11. 15. The vehicle according to claim 14, further comprising a mechanism which converts kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. 16. A stationary power supply comprising the battery pack according to claim 11. 17. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; a monomolecular film containing organic molecules and covering at least a part of a surface of the current collector; and an electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of a surface of the monomolecular film. 18. An electrode comprising:
a current collector; an organic molecular film covering at least a part of a surface of the current collector and including a structure represented by R—XOn, the R being a first carbon chain structure or a second carbon chain structure having a functional group at a terminal thereof, the X being at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, P, N, and C, and the n being 0, 1, 2, or 3; and an electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of a surface of the organic molecular film. | 2,400 |
345,942 | 16,804,356 | 2,464 | A connection system for coupling a working assembly to a work vehicle includes a frame having a mounting portion at a first longitudinal end of the frame. The mounting portion is configured to directly couple to a frame of the work vehicle. The connection assembly also includes a mounting assembly at a second longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system. Additionally, the connection system includes a receiver assembly movably coupled to the frame of the connection system. The receiver assembly is configured to rotate about a point of rotation positioned along the frame of the connection system. The receiver assembly is configured to couple to a connector assembly on an arm of the work vehicle. A top part of the receiver assembly is substantially longitudinally aligned with the point of rotation while the receiver assembly is in a receiving position. | 1. A connection system for coupling a working assembly to a work vehicle comprising:
a frame having a mounting portion at a first longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system, wherein the mounting portion is configured to couple directly to a frame of the work vehicle; a mounting assembly for the working assembly at a second longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system; and a receiver assembly movably coupled to the frame of the connection system, wherein the receiver assembly is configured to rotate about a point of rotation positioned along the frame of the connection system longitudinally between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end, the receiver assembly is configured to couple to a connector assembly on an arm of the work vehicle, a top part of the receiver assembly is configured to receive a top portion of the connector assembly, and an offset along a longitudinal axis between the top part of the receiver assembly and the point of rotation is less than 5 cm while the receiver assembly is in a receiving position. 2. (canceled) 3. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top part of the receiver assembly and the point of rotation is less than 2 cm while the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 4. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top part of the receiver assembly and the point of rotation is less than 5 percent of a longitudinal extent of the frame of the connection system while the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 5. The connection system of claim 1, comprising a link configured to movably couple the receiver assembly to the frame of the connection system, wherein the link is positioned between the first longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system and the second longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system, a first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the connection system at the point of rotation, and a second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the receiver assembly. 6. The connection system of claim 5, comprising a pivot tube pivotally coupled to the frame of the connection system, wherein the first end of the link is rigidly coupled to the pivot tube, such that the first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the connection system via the pivot tube. 7. The connection system of claim 5, wherein the receiver assembly comprises an extension, and the second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the extension. 8. A system comprising:
a work vehicle, comprising:
a frame;
a connector assembly disposed on an arm of the work vehicle;
an implement, comprising:
a frame having a mounting portion at a first longitudinal end of the frame of the implement, wherein the mounting portion is configured to couple directly to the frame of the work vehicle;
a mounting assembly at a second longitudinal end of the frame of the implement; and
a receiver assembly movably coupled to the frame of the implement, wherein the receiver assembly is configured to rotate about a point of rotation positioned along the frame of the implement longitudinally between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end, the receiver assembly is configured to couple to the connector assembly to establish a first connection, a top part of the receiver assembly is configured to receive a top portion of the connector assembly to couple the receiver assembly to the connector assembly, and an offset along a longitudinal axis between the top portion of the connector assembly and the point of rotation is less than 5 cm while the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in a receiving position. 9. (canceled) 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top portion of the connector assembly and the point of rotation is less than 2 cm while the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top portion of the connector assembly and the point of rotation is less than 5 percent of a longitudinal extent of the frame of the implement while the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the implement comprises a link configured to movably couple the receiver assembly to the frame of the implement, the link is positioned between the first longitudinal end of the frame of the implement and the second longitudinal end of the frame of the implement, a first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the implement at the point of rotation, and a second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the receiver assembly. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the implement comprises a pivot tube pivotally coupled to the frame of the implement, and the first end of the link is rigidly coupled to the pivot tube, such that the first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the implement via the pivot tube. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the receiver assembly comprises an extension, and the second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the extension. 15. An implement comprising:
a frame having a mounting portion at a first longitudinal end of the frame of the implement, wherein the mounting portion is configured to couple directly to a frame of a work vehicle; a mounting assembly at a second longitudinal end of the frame of the implement; and a receiver assembly movably coupled to the frame of the implement, wherein the receiver assembly is configured to rotate about a point of rotation positioned along the frame of the implement longitudinally between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end, the receiver assembly is configured to couple to a connector assembly disposed on an arm of the work vehicle, a top part of the receiver assembly is configured to receive a top portion of the connector assembly, the point of rotation is within a threshold distance along a longitudinal axis of the top part of the receiver assembly while the receiver assembly is in a receiving position, and the threshold distance is less than 5 cm. 16. (canceled) 17. The implement of claim 15, wherein the top portion of the connector assembly is within a second threshold distance of the point of rotation while the the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 18. The implement of claim 16, wherein the second threshold distance is less than 5 cm. 19. The implement of claim 15, comprising a link configured to movably couple the receiver assembly to the frame of the implement, wherein the link is positioned between the first longitudinal end of the frame of the implement and the second longitudinal end of the frame of the implement, a first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the implement at the point of rotation, and a second of the link is pivotally coupled to the receiver assembly. 20. The implement of claim 19, wherein the receiver assembly comprises an extension, and the second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the extension. 21. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top part of the receiver assembly and the point of rotation is less than 1 cm while the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 22. The system of claim 8, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top portion of the connector assembly and the point of rotation is less than 1 cm while the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 23. The implement of claim 15, wherein the threshold distance is less than 2 cm. | A connection system for coupling a working assembly to a work vehicle includes a frame having a mounting portion at a first longitudinal end of the frame. The mounting portion is configured to directly couple to a frame of the work vehicle. The connection assembly also includes a mounting assembly at a second longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system. Additionally, the connection system includes a receiver assembly movably coupled to the frame of the connection system. The receiver assembly is configured to rotate about a point of rotation positioned along the frame of the connection system. The receiver assembly is configured to couple to a connector assembly on an arm of the work vehicle. A top part of the receiver assembly is substantially longitudinally aligned with the point of rotation while the receiver assembly is in a receiving position.1. A connection system for coupling a working assembly to a work vehicle comprising:
a frame having a mounting portion at a first longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system, wherein the mounting portion is configured to couple directly to a frame of the work vehicle; a mounting assembly for the working assembly at a second longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system; and a receiver assembly movably coupled to the frame of the connection system, wherein the receiver assembly is configured to rotate about a point of rotation positioned along the frame of the connection system longitudinally between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end, the receiver assembly is configured to couple to a connector assembly on an arm of the work vehicle, a top part of the receiver assembly is configured to receive a top portion of the connector assembly, and an offset along a longitudinal axis between the top part of the receiver assembly and the point of rotation is less than 5 cm while the receiver assembly is in a receiving position. 2. (canceled) 3. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top part of the receiver assembly and the point of rotation is less than 2 cm while the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 4. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top part of the receiver assembly and the point of rotation is less than 5 percent of a longitudinal extent of the frame of the connection system while the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 5. The connection system of claim 1, comprising a link configured to movably couple the receiver assembly to the frame of the connection system, wherein the link is positioned between the first longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system and the second longitudinal end of the frame of the connection system, a first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the connection system at the point of rotation, and a second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the receiver assembly. 6. The connection system of claim 5, comprising a pivot tube pivotally coupled to the frame of the connection system, wherein the first end of the link is rigidly coupled to the pivot tube, such that the first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the connection system via the pivot tube. 7. The connection system of claim 5, wherein the receiver assembly comprises an extension, and the second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the extension. 8. A system comprising:
a work vehicle, comprising:
a frame;
a connector assembly disposed on an arm of the work vehicle;
an implement, comprising:
a frame having a mounting portion at a first longitudinal end of the frame of the implement, wherein the mounting portion is configured to couple directly to the frame of the work vehicle;
a mounting assembly at a second longitudinal end of the frame of the implement; and
a receiver assembly movably coupled to the frame of the implement, wherein the receiver assembly is configured to rotate about a point of rotation positioned along the frame of the implement longitudinally between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end, the receiver assembly is configured to couple to the connector assembly to establish a first connection, a top part of the receiver assembly is configured to receive a top portion of the connector assembly to couple the receiver assembly to the connector assembly, and an offset along a longitudinal axis between the top portion of the connector assembly and the point of rotation is less than 5 cm while the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in a receiving position. 9. (canceled) 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top portion of the connector assembly and the point of rotation is less than 2 cm while the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top portion of the connector assembly and the point of rotation is less than 5 percent of a longitudinal extent of the frame of the implement while the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the implement comprises a link configured to movably couple the receiver assembly to the frame of the implement, the link is positioned between the first longitudinal end of the frame of the implement and the second longitudinal end of the frame of the implement, a first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the implement at the point of rotation, and a second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the receiver assembly. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the implement comprises a pivot tube pivotally coupled to the frame of the implement, and the first end of the link is rigidly coupled to the pivot tube, such that the first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the implement via the pivot tube. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the receiver assembly comprises an extension, and the second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the extension. 15. An implement comprising:
a frame having a mounting portion at a first longitudinal end of the frame of the implement, wherein the mounting portion is configured to couple directly to a frame of a work vehicle; a mounting assembly at a second longitudinal end of the frame of the implement; and a receiver assembly movably coupled to the frame of the implement, wherein the receiver assembly is configured to rotate about a point of rotation positioned along the frame of the implement longitudinally between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end, the receiver assembly is configured to couple to a connector assembly disposed on an arm of the work vehicle, a top part of the receiver assembly is configured to receive a top portion of the connector assembly, the point of rotation is within a threshold distance along a longitudinal axis of the top part of the receiver assembly while the receiver assembly is in a receiving position, and the threshold distance is less than 5 cm. 16. (canceled) 17. The implement of claim 15, wherein the top portion of the connector assembly is within a second threshold distance of the point of rotation while the the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 18. The implement of claim 16, wherein the second threshold distance is less than 5 cm. 19. The implement of claim 15, comprising a link configured to movably couple the receiver assembly to the frame of the implement, wherein the link is positioned between the first longitudinal end of the frame of the implement and the second longitudinal end of the frame of the implement, a first end of the link is pivotally coupled to the frame of the implement at the point of rotation, and a second of the link is pivotally coupled to the receiver assembly. 20. The implement of claim 19, wherein the receiver assembly comprises an extension, and the second end of the link is pivotally coupled to the extension. 21. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top part of the receiver assembly and the point of rotation is less than 1 cm while the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 22. The system of claim 8, wherein the offset along the longitudinal axis between the top portion of the connector assembly and the point of rotation is less than 1 cm while the connector assembly initially engages the receiver assembly and the receiver assembly is in the receiving position. 23. The implement of claim 15, wherein the threshold distance is less than 2 cm. | 2,400 |
345,943 | 16,804,370 | 2,464 | Disclosed is a system, method, and computer program product that employs high dynamic range (HDR) image processing and manipulation algorithms for capturing and measuring real-time sky conditions for processing into control input signals to a building's automated fenestration (AF) system, daylight harvesting (DH) system and HVAC system. The photometer comprises a color camera and a fitted fish-eye lens to capture 360-degree, hemispherical, low dynamic range (LDR) color images of the sky. Both camera and lens are housed in a sealed enclosure protecting them from environmental elements and conditions. In some embodiments the camera and processes are controlled and implemented by a back-end computer. | 1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
one or more cameras to capture one or more images of a sky; and a processing device, communicatively coupled to the camera, the processing device to: process the one or more images of the sky to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determine, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimate, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generate, based on an estimation, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more images of the sky comprise a first set of images of the sky at a first instance of time and a second set of images of the sky at a second instance of time, and wherein the plurality of metrics comprises speed and direction of a cloud motion at each of a plurality of cloud locations. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to process the one or more images of the sky, the processing device is to:
discard a first image whose average pixel brightness is below a threshold value; and retain a second image whose average pixel brightness is at or above the threshold value; and wherein to obtain the radiance map, the processing device is to process the second image. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to determine the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky, the processing device is to:
determine a red-to-blue signal ratio for a plurality of pixels of the one or more images of the sky; identify pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio below a threshold value as pixels corresponding to a clear sky; and identify pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio above the threshold value as pixels corresponding to the clouds. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to determine the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky, the processing device is to:
identify a first set of pixels of the one or more images of the sky as pixels corresponding to the clouds; identify a second set of pixels of the one or more images of the sky as pixels corresponding to a boundary between a clear sky and the clouds; and determine an edge-to-area ratio of a number of pixels in the second set of pixels to a number of pixels in the first set of pixels. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the radiance map comprises a plurality of patches within a sky hemisphere. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky is determined using a first subplurality of patches of the plurality of patches, the first subplurality of patches being within a part of the sky visible, through a first building facade of the building, to an occupant of the building. 9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the generated settings are further based on a sun's path within the pre-determined period of time. 10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pre-determined period of time is associated with a time-lag of the one or more ECS of the building. 11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further to predict that a sun's occlusion within the pre-determined period of time is above a pre-set threshold value, and wherein the settings for the one or more ECS of the building comprises a setting for the AFS to keep shading systems open. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the shading systems of the AFS comprise electrochromic glass, and wherein the setting for the AFS to keep the shading systems open comprises a setting that decreases a state of tint of the electrochromic glass. 13. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further to predict that a sun's occlusion within the pre-determined period of time is below a pre-set threshold value, and wherein the settings for the one or more ECS of the building comprises a setting for the AFS placing the AFS in a pre-set glare control state. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the AFS comprises electrochromic glass, and wherein the pre-set glare control state of the AFS comprises a pre-determined state of tint of the electrochromic glass. 15. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more images comprise a first set of images and a second set of images, the second set of images being captured after a pre-determined time has elapses since the first set of images was captured. 16. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more cameras are to provide a 360 degree horizontal and vertical view of the sky. 17. A method comprising:
capturing, by one or more cameras, one or more images of a sky; processing, by a processing device communicatively coupled to the camera, the one or more images of the sky to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determining, by the processing device, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimating, by the processing device, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generating, by the processing device, based on the estimating, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more images of the sky comprise a first set of images of the sky at a first instance of time and a second set of images of the sky at a second instance of time, and wherein the plurality of metrics comprises speed and direction of a cloud motion at each of a plurality of cloud locations. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein processing the one or more images of the sky comprises:
discarding a first image whose average pixel brightness is below a threshold value; and retaining a second image whose average pixel brightness is at or above the threshold value; and wherein to obtain the radiance map, the processing device is to process the second image. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein determining the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky comprises:
determining a red-to-blue signal ratio for a plurality of pixels of the one or more images of the sky; identifying pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio below a threshold value as pixels corresponding to a clear sky; and identifying pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio above the threshold value as pixels corresponding to the clouds. 21. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including instructions that, when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
process one or more images of a sky, obtained using one or more cameras, to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determine, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimate, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generate, based on an estimation, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. | Disclosed is a system, method, and computer program product that employs high dynamic range (HDR) image processing and manipulation algorithms for capturing and measuring real-time sky conditions for processing into control input signals to a building's automated fenestration (AF) system, daylight harvesting (DH) system and HVAC system. The photometer comprises a color camera and a fitted fish-eye lens to capture 360-degree, hemispherical, low dynamic range (LDR) color images of the sky. Both camera and lens are housed in a sealed enclosure protecting them from environmental elements and conditions. In some embodiments the camera and processes are controlled and implemented by a back-end computer.1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
one or more cameras to capture one or more images of a sky; and a processing device, communicatively coupled to the camera, the processing device to: process the one or more images of the sky to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determine, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimate, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generate, based on an estimation, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more images of the sky comprise a first set of images of the sky at a first instance of time and a second set of images of the sky at a second instance of time, and wherein the plurality of metrics comprises speed and direction of a cloud motion at each of a plurality of cloud locations. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to process the one or more images of the sky, the processing device is to:
discard a first image whose average pixel brightness is below a threshold value; and retain a second image whose average pixel brightness is at or above the threshold value; and wherein to obtain the radiance map, the processing device is to process the second image. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to determine the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky, the processing device is to:
determine a red-to-blue signal ratio for a plurality of pixels of the one or more images of the sky; identify pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio below a threshold value as pixels corresponding to a clear sky; and identify pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio above the threshold value as pixels corresponding to the clouds. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to determine the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky, the processing device is to:
identify a first set of pixels of the one or more images of the sky as pixels corresponding to the clouds; identify a second set of pixels of the one or more images of the sky as pixels corresponding to a boundary between a clear sky and the clouds; and determine an edge-to-area ratio of a number of pixels in the second set of pixels to a number of pixels in the first set of pixels. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the radiance map comprises a plurality of patches within a sky hemisphere. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky is determined using a first subplurality of patches of the plurality of patches, the first subplurality of patches being within a part of the sky visible, through a first building facade of the building, to an occupant of the building. 9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the generated settings are further based on a sun's path within the pre-determined period of time. 10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pre-determined period of time is associated with a time-lag of the one or more ECS of the building. 11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further to predict that a sun's occlusion within the pre-determined period of time is above a pre-set threshold value, and wherein the settings for the one or more ECS of the building comprises a setting for the AFS to keep shading systems open. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the shading systems of the AFS comprise electrochromic glass, and wherein the setting for the AFS to keep the shading systems open comprises a setting that decreases a state of tint of the electrochromic glass. 13. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further to predict that a sun's occlusion within the pre-determined period of time is below a pre-set threshold value, and wherein the settings for the one or more ECS of the building comprises a setting for the AFS placing the AFS in a pre-set glare control state. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the AFS comprises electrochromic glass, and wherein the pre-set glare control state of the AFS comprises a pre-determined state of tint of the electrochromic glass. 15. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more images comprise a first set of images and a second set of images, the second set of images being captured after a pre-determined time has elapses since the first set of images was captured. 16. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more cameras are to provide a 360 degree horizontal and vertical view of the sky. 17. A method comprising:
capturing, by one or more cameras, one or more images of a sky; processing, by a processing device communicatively coupled to the camera, the one or more images of the sky to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determining, by the processing device, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimating, by the processing device, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generating, by the processing device, based on the estimating, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more images of the sky comprise a first set of images of the sky at a first instance of time and a second set of images of the sky at a second instance of time, and wherein the plurality of metrics comprises speed and direction of a cloud motion at each of a plurality of cloud locations. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein processing the one or more images of the sky comprises:
discarding a first image whose average pixel brightness is below a threshold value; and retaining a second image whose average pixel brightness is at or above the threshold value; and wherein to obtain the radiance map, the processing device is to process the second image. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein determining the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky comprises:
determining a red-to-blue signal ratio for a plurality of pixels of the one or more images of the sky; identifying pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio below a threshold value as pixels corresponding to a clear sky; and identifying pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio above the threshold value as pixels corresponding to the clouds. 21. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including instructions that, when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
process one or more images of a sky, obtained using one or more cameras, to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determine, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimate, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generate, based on an estimation, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. | 2,400 |
345,944 | 16,804,376 | 2,464 | Disclosed is a system, method, and computer program product that employs high dynamic range (HDR) image processing and manipulation algorithms for capturing and measuring real-time sky conditions for processing into control input signals to a building's automated fenestration (AF) system, daylight harvesting (DH) system and HVAC system. The photometer comprises a color camera and a fitted fish-eye lens to capture 360-degree, hemispherical, low dynamic range (LDR) color images of the sky. Both camera and lens are housed in a sealed enclosure protecting them from environmental elements and conditions. In some embodiments the camera and processes are controlled and implemented by a back-end computer. | 1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
one or more cameras to capture one or more images of a sky; and a processing device, communicatively coupled to the camera, the processing device to: process the one or more images of the sky to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determine, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimate, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generate, based on an estimation, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more images of the sky comprise a first set of images of the sky at a first instance of time and a second set of images of the sky at a second instance of time, and wherein the plurality of metrics comprises speed and direction of a cloud motion at each of a plurality of cloud locations. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to process the one or more images of the sky, the processing device is to:
discard a first image whose average pixel brightness is below a threshold value; and retain a second image whose average pixel brightness is at or above the threshold value; and wherein to obtain the radiance map, the processing device is to process the second image. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to determine the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky, the processing device is to:
determine a red-to-blue signal ratio for a plurality of pixels of the one or more images of the sky; identify pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio below a threshold value as pixels corresponding to a clear sky; and identify pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio above the threshold value as pixels corresponding to the clouds. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to determine the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky, the processing device is to:
identify a first set of pixels of the one or more images of the sky as pixels corresponding to the clouds; identify a second set of pixels of the one or more images of the sky as pixels corresponding to a boundary between a clear sky and the clouds; and determine an edge-to-area ratio of a number of pixels in the second set of pixels to a number of pixels in the first set of pixels. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the radiance map comprises a plurality of patches within a sky hemisphere. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky is determined using a first subplurality of patches of the plurality of patches, the first subplurality of patches being within a part of the sky visible, through a first building facade of the building, to an occupant of the building. 9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the generated settings are further based on a sun's path within the pre-determined period of time. 10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pre-determined period of time is associated with a time-lag of the one or more ECS of the building. 11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further to predict that a sun's occlusion within the pre-determined period of time is above a pre-set threshold value, and wherein the settings for the one or more ECS of the building comprises a setting for the AFS to keep shading systems open. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the shading systems of the AFS comprise electrochromic glass, and wherein the setting for the AFS to keep the shading systems open comprises a setting that decreases a state of tint of the electrochromic glass. 13. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further to predict that a sun's occlusion within the pre-determined period of time is below a pre-set threshold value, and wherein the settings for the one or more ECS of the building comprises a setting for the AFS placing the AFS in a pre-set glare control state. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the AFS comprises electrochromic glass, and wherein the pre-set glare control state of the AFS comprises a pre-determined state of tint of the electrochromic glass. 15. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more images comprise a first set of images and a second set of images, the second set of images being captured after a pre-determined time has elapses since the first set of images was captured. 16. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more cameras are to provide a 360 degree horizontal and vertical view of the sky. 17. A method comprising:
capturing, by one or more cameras, one or more images of a sky; processing, by a processing device communicatively coupled to the camera, the one or more images of the sky to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determining, by the processing device, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimating, by the processing device, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generating, by the processing device, based on the estimating, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more images of the sky comprise a first set of images of the sky at a first instance of time and a second set of images of the sky at a second instance of time, and wherein the plurality of metrics comprises speed and direction of a cloud motion at each of a plurality of cloud locations. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein processing the one or more images of the sky comprises:
discarding a first image whose average pixel brightness is below a threshold value; and retaining a second image whose average pixel brightness is at or above the threshold value; and wherein to obtain the radiance map, the processing device is to process the second image. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein determining the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky comprises:
determining a red-to-blue signal ratio for a plurality of pixels of the one or more images of the sky; identifying pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio below a threshold value as pixels corresponding to a clear sky; and identifying pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio above the threshold value as pixels corresponding to the clouds. 21. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including instructions that, when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
process one or more images of a sky, obtained using one or more cameras, to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determine, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimate, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generate, based on an estimation, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. | Disclosed is a system, method, and computer program product that employs high dynamic range (HDR) image processing and manipulation algorithms for capturing and measuring real-time sky conditions for processing into control input signals to a building's automated fenestration (AF) system, daylight harvesting (DH) system and HVAC system. The photometer comprises a color camera and a fitted fish-eye lens to capture 360-degree, hemispherical, low dynamic range (LDR) color images of the sky. Both camera and lens are housed in a sealed enclosure protecting them from environmental elements and conditions. In some embodiments the camera and processes are controlled and implemented by a back-end computer.1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
one or more cameras to capture one or more images of a sky; and a processing device, communicatively coupled to the camera, the processing device to: process the one or more images of the sky to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determine, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimate, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generate, based on an estimation, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more images of the sky comprise a first set of images of the sky at a first instance of time and a second set of images of the sky at a second instance of time, and wherein the plurality of metrics comprises speed and direction of a cloud motion at each of a plurality of cloud locations. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to process the one or more images of the sky, the processing device is to:
discard a first image whose average pixel brightness is below a threshold value; and retain a second image whose average pixel brightness is at or above the threshold value; and wherein to obtain the radiance map, the processing device is to process the second image. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to determine the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky, the processing device is to:
determine a red-to-blue signal ratio for a plurality of pixels of the one or more images of the sky; identify pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio below a threshold value as pixels corresponding to a clear sky; and identify pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio above the threshold value as pixels corresponding to the clouds. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to determine the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky, the processing device is to:
identify a first set of pixels of the one or more images of the sky as pixels corresponding to the clouds; identify a second set of pixels of the one or more images of the sky as pixels corresponding to a boundary between a clear sky and the clouds; and determine an edge-to-area ratio of a number of pixels in the second set of pixels to a number of pixels in the first set of pixels. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the radiance map comprises a plurality of patches within a sky hemisphere. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky is determined using a first subplurality of patches of the plurality of patches, the first subplurality of patches being within a part of the sky visible, through a first building facade of the building, to an occupant of the building. 9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the generated settings are further based on a sun's path within the pre-determined period of time. 10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pre-determined period of time is associated with a time-lag of the one or more ECS of the building. 11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further to predict that a sun's occlusion within the pre-determined period of time is above a pre-set threshold value, and wherein the settings for the one or more ECS of the building comprises a setting for the AFS to keep shading systems open. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the shading systems of the AFS comprise electrochromic glass, and wherein the setting for the AFS to keep the shading systems open comprises a setting that decreases a state of tint of the electrochromic glass. 13. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing device is further to predict that a sun's occlusion within the pre-determined period of time is below a pre-set threshold value, and wherein the settings for the one or more ECS of the building comprises a setting for the AFS placing the AFS in a pre-set glare control state. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the AFS comprises electrochromic glass, and wherein the pre-set glare control state of the AFS comprises a pre-determined state of tint of the electrochromic glass. 15. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more images comprise a first set of images and a second set of images, the second set of images being captured after a pre-determined time has elapses since the first set of images was captured. 16. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more cameras are to provide a 360 degree horizontal and vertical view of the sky. 17. A method comprising:
capturing, by one or more cameras, one or more images of a sky; processing, by a processing device communicatively coupled to the camera, the one or more images of the sky to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determining, by the processing device, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimating, by the processing device, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generating, by the processing device, based on the estimating, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more images of the sky comprise a first set of images of the sky at a first instance of time and a second set of images of the sky at a second instance of time, and wherein the plurality of metrics comprises speed and direction of a cloud motion at each of a plurality of cloud locations. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein processing the one or more images of the sky comprises:
discarding a first image whose average pixel brightness is below a threshold value; and retaining a second image whose average pixel brightness is at or above the threshold value; and wherein to obtain the radiance map, the processing device is to process the second image. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein determining the plurality of metrics characterizing the distribution of clouds in the sky comprises:
determining a red-to-blue signal ratio for a plurality of pixels of the one or more images of the sky; identifying pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio below a threshold value as pixels corresponding to a clear sky; and identifying pixels having the red-to-blue signal ratio above the threshold value as pixels corresponding to the clouds. 21. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium including instructions that, when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
process one or more images of a sky, obtained using one or more cameras, to obtain a radiance map of a region of the sky, wherein the radiance map comprises information about radiance associated with the region of the sky; determine, using the radiance map, a plurality of metrics characterizing a distribution of clouds in the sky; estimate, using the plurality of metrics, whether the distribution of clouds is to change within a pre-determined period of time; and generate, based on an estimation, settings for one or more environmental control systems (ECS) of a building, the one or more environmental control systems comprising at least one of an automated fenestration system (AFS), an electric lighting system (ELS), or a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. | 2,400 |
345,945 | 16,804,343 | 2,464 | A method of forming a shaped abrasive particle including extruding a mixture into a form, applying a dopant material to an exterior surface of the form, and forming a precursor shaped abrasive particle from the form. | 1. A particulate material comprising:
a shaped abrasive particle having a body comprising a length, a width, and a thickness, wherein the body comprises a central region including the geometric center of the body having a first microstructure, the body further comprising an upper surface defined by the dimensions of length and width, the upper surface having a second microstructure, wherein the first microstructure is different from the second microstructure. 2. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the upper surface comprises a first amount of dopant material. 3. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein the geometric center of the body comprises a second amount of dopant material. 4. The particulate material of claim 3, wherein the amount of dopant material present at the upper surface differs from the amount of dopant material present at the geometric center of the body. 5. The particulate material of claim 4, wherein a dopant amount difference (ΔDc) between the first dopant amount and the second dopant amount is at least about 0.2 wt % and not greater than about 30 wt %. 6. The particulate material of claim 4, wherein a dopant amount difference (ΔDc) between the first dopant amount and the second dopant amount is at least about 2 wt % and not greater than about 16 wt %. 7. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the geometric center of the body is essentially free of a dopant material. 8. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the body comprises a material selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, a boride, an oxycarbide, an oxynitride, or any combination thereof. 9. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the shaped abrasive particle comprises alpha alumina. 10. The particulate material of claim 9, wherein the shaped abrasive particle comprises at least about 90 wt % alpha alumina. 11. The particulate material of claim 9, wherein the alpha alumina has an average grain size of at least 0.01 microns and not greater than about 1 micron. 12. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein the first dopant amount is present in an amount of at least about 0.2 wt % and not greater than about 12 wt % for the total weight of the body. 13. The particulate material of claim 3, wherein the second dopant amount is present in an amount of at least about 0.2 wt % and not greater than about 12 wt % for the total weight of the body. 14. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the body comprises a two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane defined by a length and a width of the shaped abrasive particle selected from the group consisting of polygons, ellipsoids, numerals, Greek alphabet characters, Latin alphabet characters, Russian alphabet characters, complex shapes having a combination of polygonal shapes, and a combination thereof. 15. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the upper surface comprises a first type of dopant and the geometric center comprises a second type of dopant different than the first type of dopant. | A method of forming a shaped abrasive particle including extruding a mixture into a form, applying a dopant material to an exterior surface of the form, and forming a precursor shaped abrasive particle from the form.1. A particulate material comprising:
a shaped abrasive particle having a body comprising a length, a width, and a thickness, wherein the body comprises a central region including the geometric center of the body having a first microstructure, the body further comprising an upper surface defined by the dimensions of length and width, the upper surface having a second microstructure, wherein the first microstructure is different from the second microstructure. 2. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the upper surface comprises a first amount of dopant material. 3. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein the geometric center of the body comprises a second amount of dopant material. 4. The particulate material of claim 3, wherein the amount of dopant material present at the upper surface differs from the amount of dopant material present at the geometric center of the body. 5. The particulate material of claim 4, wherein a dopant amount difference (ΔDc) between the first dopant amount and the second dopant amount is at least about 0.2 wt % and not greater than about 30 wt %. 6. The particulate material of claim 4, wherein a dopant amount difference (ΔDc) between the first dopant amount and the second dopant amount is at least about 2 wt % and not greater than about 16 wt %. 7. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the geometric center of the body is essentially free of a dopant material. 8. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the body comprises a material selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, a boride, an oxycarbide, an oxynitride, or any combination thereof. 9. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the shaped abrasive particle comprises alpha alumina. 10. The particulate material of claim 9, wherein the shaped abrasive particle comprises at least about 90 wt % alpha alumina. 11. The particulate material of claim 9, wherein the alpha alumina has an average grain size of at least 0.01 microns and not greater than about 1 micron. 12. The particulate material of claim 2, wherein the first dopant amount is present in an amount of at least about 0.2 wt % and not greater than about 12 wt % for the total weight of the body. 13. The particulate material of claim 3, wherein the second dopant amount is present in an amount of at least about 0.2 wt % and not greater than about 12 wt % for the total weight of the body. 14. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the body comprises a two-dimensional shape as viewed in a plane defined by a length and a width of the shaped abrasive particle selected from the group consisting of polygons, ellipsoids, numerals, Greek alphabet characters, Latin alphabet characters, Russian alphabet characters, complex shapes having a combination of polygonal shapes, and a combination thereof. 15. The particulate material of claim 1, wherein the upper surface comprises a first type of dopant and the geometric center comprises a second type of dopant different than the first type of dopant. | 2,400 |
345,946 | 16,804,382 | 2,464 | An orthodontic bracket has a base configured for attachment to a tooth surface, a bracket element with an arch wire slot attached to one side of the base, and a clip for securing the arch wire in the slot. The bracket element has a wall portion extending upward along one side of the arch wire slot. This wall portion has three indentations in a line parallel to the mesiodistal direction, separated by two side walls having free ends with flanges extending parallel to the mesiodistal direction. The clip is substantially U-shaped and has two protrusions shaped to fit within the two outer indentations of the wall portion, and two diverging central fingers that fit within the central indentation, and a locking element. The clip is securable to the bracket by placing the protrusions and central fingers into the indentations of the bracket element until they engage the flanges. | 1. An orthodontic bracket comprising:
a base configured for attachment to a tooth surface; a bracket element attached to one side of the base, the bracket element comprising:
an arch wire slot formed in a labial side of the bracket element and running along a mesiodistal direction of the bracket element, said arch wire slot being configured for supporting an arch wire therein;
a wall portion of the bracket element extending upward along one side of the arch wire slot, the wall portion having three indentations in a line parallel to the mesiodistal direction, forming outer indentations and a central indentation, the wall portion having two side walls separating the indentations from one another, each of the side walls having free ends configured with flanges that extend into the central and outer indentations parallel to a mesiodistal direction; and
a channel running entirely through the bracket element underneath the arch wire slot and in a gingival-occlusal direction of the bracket; and
a substantially U-shaped clip having a first end with two protrusions shaped to fit within the two outer indentations of the wall portion, and two central fingers shaped to fit within the central indentation of the wall portion, and a second end in the shape of a J and having a locking element at a tip thereof; wherein the clip is securable to the bracket by placing the second end through the channel and engaging the locking element and placing the protrusions and central fingers into the indentations of the bracket element, wherein the protrusions and central fingers are held in the indentations by the flanges, and wherein the clip is releasable by sliding the protrusions out of the indentations with a force sufficient to cause the protrusions and central fingers to clear the flanges to expose the arch wire slot. 2. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the locking element is formed by a bend in the tip in a lingual direction of the bracket, wherein the channel is formed from two stepped sections, and wherein the locking element on the clip engages a wall of one of the sections to maintain the clip in the channel. 3. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the fingers are constructed so as to diverge outward toward the adjacent side walls and engage a rear surface of the flanges on the adjacent side walls when the clip is in a locked position. 4. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the protrusions have ends that bend inward toward the adjacent side walls and engage a rear surface of an the flanges on the adjacent side walls when the clip is in a locked position. 5. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the clip is made of a Ni—Ti alloy. 4. The bracket according to claim 2, wherein the clip coated with a material selected from the group consisting of Au/Rh, Pt/Rh and Pd/Rh, with Rh being an outermost layer. 6. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the bracket element and base are formed of ceramic. 7. The bracket according to claim 1, further comprising an aperture in the clip for receiving a tool to slide the clip between an open and a closed position. | An orthodontic bracket has a base configured for attachment to a tooth surface, a bracket element with an arch wire slot attached to one side of the base, and a clip for securing the arch wire in the slot. The bracket element has a wall portion extending upward along one side of the arch wire slot. This wall portion has three indentations in a line parallel to the mesiodistal direction, separated by two side walls having free ends with flanges extending parallel to the mesiodistal direction. The clip is substantially U-shaped and has two protrusions shaped to fit within the two outer indentations of the wall portion, and two diverging central fingers that fit within the central indentation, and a locking element. The clip is securable to the bracket by placing the protrusions and central fingers into the indentations of the bracket element until they engage the flanges.1. An orthodontic bracket comprising:
a base configured for attachment to a tooth surface; a bracket element attached to one side of the base, the bracket element comprising:
an arch wire slot formed in a labial side of the bracket element and running along a mesiodistal direction of the bracket element, said arch wire slot being configured for supporting an arch wire therein;
a wall portion of the bracket element extending upward along one side of the arch wire slot, the wall portion having three indentations in a line parallel to the mesiodistal direction, forming outer indentations and a central indentation, the wall portion having two side walls separating the indentations from one another, each of the side walls having free ends configured with flanges that extend into the central and outer indentations parallel to a mesiodistal direction; and
a channel running entirely through the bracket element underneath the arch wire slot and in a gingival-occlusal direction of the bracket; and
a substantially U-shaped clip having a first end with two protrusions shaped to fit within the two outer indentations of the wall portion, and two central fingers shaped to fit within the central indentation of the wall portion, and a second end in the shape of a J and having a locking element at a tip thereof; wherein the clip is securable to the bracket by placing the second end through the channel and engaging the locking element and placing the protrusions and central fingers into the indentations of the bracket element, wherein the protrusions and central fingers are held in the indentations by the flanges, and wherein the clip is releasable by sliding the protrusions out of the indentations with a force sufficient to cause the protrusions and central fingers to clear the flanges to expose the arch wire slot. 2. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the locking element is formed by a bend in the tip in a lingual direction of the bracket, wherein the channel is formed from two stepped sections, and wherein the locking element on the clip engages a wall of one of the sections to maintain the clip in the channel. 3. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the fingers are constructed so as to diverge outward toward the adjacent side walls and engage a rear surface of the flanges on the adjacent side walls when the clip is in a locked position. 4. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the protrusions have ends that bend inward toward the adjacent side walls and engage a rear surface of an the flanges on the adjacent side walls when the clip is in a locked position. 5. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the clip is made of a Ni—Ti alloy. 4. The bracket according to claim 2, wherein the clip coated with a material selected from the group consisting of Au/Rh, Pt/Rh and Pd/Rh, with Rh being an outermost layer. 6. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the bracket element and base are formed of ceramic. 7. The bracket according to claim 1, further comprising an aperture in the clip for receiving a tool to slide the clip between an open and a closed position. | 2,400 |
345,947 | 16,804,326 | 2,464 | A method of processing objects is disclosed using a programmable motion device. The method includes the steps of acquiring an object from a plurality of mixed objects at an input area, perceiving identifying indicia in connection with the object, assigning an intermediate station to a destination location for the object responsive to the identifying indicia in connection with the object, and moving the acquired object toward the intermediate station. | 1.-40. (canceled) 41. A method of processing objects using a programmable motion device, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of intermediate containers, each is which is unassigned to any destination; acquiring with the programmable motion device an acquired object from a plurality of mixed objects at an input area; perceiving with a perception system first identifying indicia in connection with the acquired object; assigning, using a computer processing system, a first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to a first destination for the acquired object responsive to the first identifying indicia in connection with the acquired object; moving the acquired object to the first intermediate container responsive to the assignment data; acquiring with the programmable motion device a next object from the plurality of mixed objects at the input area; perceiving with the perception system second identifying indicia in connection with the next object; assigning, using the computer processing system, a second intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to a second destination for the next object responsive to the second identifying indicia in connection with the next object when the first destination is different than the second destination; and moving the next object to one of the first destination and the second destination. 42. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the method further includes the step of dynamically assigning additional intermediate containers to additional destinations for additional objects responsive to identifying indicia in connection with each of the additional objects. 43. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of changing a status of an intermediate container to finished when the intermediate container is full. 44. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of generating a signal to empty the first intermediate container before the container is full and identifying the emptied first intermediate container as available for re-assignment, by the computer processing system, when the number of objects expected to arrive indicates that the first intermediate container is not expected to receive another object bound for the first destination currently assigned to the first intermediate container within a given time 45. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of assigning the second intermediate container to the destination location. 46. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein each intermediate container is not assigned to a destination until an object is processed that becomes associated with the destination. 47. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said input area includes a circulating conveyor that interfaces with the programmable motion device. 48. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said input area includes a designated space into which a human worker may place objects to be sorted. 49. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said input area includes a plurality of input cleated conveyors. 50. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said programmable motion device includes a robotic system. 51. The method as claimed in claim 50, wherein said robotic system receives objects via a single input conveyor that passes a plurality of robotic systems. 52. The method as claimed in claim 50, wherein said step of acquiring the object includes using an end effector of the robotic system to select and grasp the object from the plurality of mixed objects. 53. The method as claimed claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on long-term historical usage trends and statistics. 54. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on future delivery requirements or sortation processes. 55. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on perception data regarding objects that are upstream of the input area. 56. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on data regarding objects that have already been processed and each assigned to a specific one of the plurality of intermediate containers. 57. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on objects currently being sorted by a plurality of programmable motion devices. 58. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on time-to-sort information. 59. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on physical characteristics of objects to be sorted. 60. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on information regarding locations within a facility at which objects may be processed. 61. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of moving an intermediate container containing objects toward a dynamically assigned destination using an automated routing conveyor. 62. The method as claimed in claim 61, wherein said automated routing conveyor passes near each of a plurality of programmable motion devices. 63. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of using the programmable motion device to acquire a new intermediate container to replace another intermediate container. 64. An object processing system comprising:
at least one programmable motion device for acquiring an acquired object to be processed from an input station; a perception system, wherein the at least one programmable motion device presents the object to the perception system for perceiving identifying indicia on the acquired object; a plurality of intermediate containers, each of which is initially unassigned to any destination; a computer processing system for generating assignment data regarding an assigned intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers regarding a destination for the acquired object responsive to the identifying indicia in connection with the acquired object, said computer processing system including a non-transitory machine-readable medium for storing the assignment data regarding the assigned intermediate container; and an automated transport system for moving the acquired object to the assigned intermediate container. 65. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein the automated carriage includes a reciprocating carriage. 66. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said reciprocating carriage travels between two sets of intermediate containers. 67. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said reciprocating carriage travels between a first sortation station and a second sortation station. 68. The object processing system as claimed in claim 67, wherein said first sortation system includes a first automated carriage is able to dump any contents therein in a direction transverse to a direction of movement of the first automated carriage, and wherein said second sortation system includes a second automated carriage is able to dump any contents therein in a direction transverse to a direction of movement of the second automated carriage. 69. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said input station includes an input cleated conveyor on which objects are provided to be sorted. 70. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said input station includes an output chute for providing objects for which the perception system not able to perceive identifying indicia. 71. The object processing system as claimed in claim 70, wherein said reciprocating carriage is further movable to the output chute such that the object may be moved to the output chute by the first automated carriage. 72. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said input station includes a primary scanner system for identifying indicia relating to objects. 73. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said input station includes a second scanner system that includes multiple scanners. 74. The object processing system as claimed in claim 73, wherein said multiple scanners of said second scanning system are positioned to scan an object as it is falling. 75. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said reciprocating carriage is able to dump any contents of the carriage in a direction transverse to a direction of movement of the reciprocating carriage. 76. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said object processing system includes at least two programmable motion devices, and each programmable motion device includes a robotic system. 77. A method of processing objects, said method comprising:
providing a plurality of intermediate containers each of which is unassigned to any destination; acquiring an object to be sorted from an input station; identifying the acquired object by determined indicia associated with the acquired object; identifying, using a computer processing system, an assigned destination for the acquired object; determining, using the computer processing system, a number of objects expected to arrive at the input station within a given time bound for the assigned destination; assigning, using the computer processing system, an assigned intermediate container to the acquired object responsive to the number of objects expected to arrive at the input station within the given time bound for the assigned destination; storing assignment data in a non-transitory machine-readable medium; and moving the object to the assigned intermediate container. 78. The method as claimed in claim 77, wherein said step of identifying the object includes scanning the object with a plurality of cameras as the object is falling. 79. The method as claimed in claim 77, wherein the step of moving the acquired object to the assigned intermediate container includes moving the acquired object using an automated carriage along a track to the assigned intermediate container. 80. The method as claimed in claim 77, wherein the track runs between a first sortation station and a second sortation station. 81. The method as claimed in claim 77, further includes generating a signal to empty the assigned intermediate container before the assigned intermediate container is full and identifying the emptied intermediate container as available for re-assignment, by the computer processing system, when the number of objects expected to arrive indicates that the intermediate container is not expected to receive another object bound for the destination currently assigned to the intermediate container within the given time. | A method of processing objects is disclosed using a programmable motion device. The method includes the steps of acquiring an object from a plurality of mixed objects at an input area, perceiving identifying indicia in connection with the object, assigning an intermediate station to a destination location for the object responsive to the identifying indicia in connection with the object, and moving the acquired object toward the intermediate station.1.-40. (canceled) 41. A method of processing objects using a programmable motion device, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of intermediate containers, each is which is unassigned to any destination; acquiring with the programmable motion device an acquired object from a plurality of mixed objects at an input area; perceiving with a perception system first identifying indicia in connection with the acquired object; assigning, using a computer processing system, a first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to a first destination for the acquired object responsive to the first identifying indicia in connection with the acquired object; moving the acquired object to the first intermediate container responsive to the assignment data; acquiring with the programmable motion device a next object from the plurality of mixed objects at the input area; perceiving with the perception system second identifying indicia in connection with the next object; assigning, using the computer processing system, a second intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to a second destination for the next object responsive to the second identifying indicia in connection with the next object when the first destination is different than the second destination; and moving the next object to one of the first destination and the second destination. 42. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the method further includes the step of dynamically assigning additional intermediate containers to additional destinations for additional objects responsive to identifying indicia in connection with each of the additional objects. 43. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of changing a status of an intermediate container to finished when the intermediate container is full. 44. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of generating a signal to empty the first intermediate container before the container is full and identifying the emptied first intermediate container as available for re-assignment, by the computer processing system, when the number of objects expected to arrive indicates that the first intermediate container is not expected to receive another object bound for the first destination currently assigned to the first intermediate container within a given time 45. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of assigning the second intermediate container to the destination location. 46. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein each intermediate container is not assigned to a destination until an object is processed that becomes associated with the destination. 47. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said input area includes a circulating conveyor that interfaces with the programmable motion device. 48. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said input area includes a designated space into which a human worker may place objects to be sorted. 49. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said input area includes a plurality of input cleated conveyors. 50. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said programmable motion device includes a robotic system. 51. The method as claimed in claim 50, wherein said robotic system receives objects via a single input conveyor that passes a plurality of robotic systems. 52. The method as claimed in claim 50, wherein said step of acquiring the object includes using an end effector of the robotic system to select and grasp the object from the plurality of mixed objects. 53. The method as claimed claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on long-term historical usage trends and statistics. 54. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on future delivery requirements or sortation processes. 55. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on perception data regarding objects that are upstream of the input area. 56. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on data regarding objects that have already been processed and each assigned to a specific one of the plurality of intermediate containers. 57. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on objects currently being sorted by a plurality of programmable motion devices. 58. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on time-to-sort information. 59. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on physical characteristics of objects to be sorted. 60. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein the step of assigning the first intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers to the first destination is based on information regarding locations within a facility at which objects may be processed. 61. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of moving an intermediate container containing objects toward a dynamically assigned destination using an automated routing conveyor. 62. The method as claimed in claim 61, wherein said automated routing conveyor passes near each of a plurality of programmable motion devices. 63. The method as claimed in claim 41, wherein said method further includes the step of using the programmable motion device to acquire a new intermediate container to replace another intermediate container. 64. An object processing system comprising:
at least one programmable motion device for acquiring an acquired object to be processed from an input station; a perception system, wherein the at least one programmable motion device presents the object to the perception system for perceiving identifying indicia on the acquired object; a plurality of intermediate containers, each of which is initially unassigned to any destination; a computer processing system for generating assignment data regarding an assigned intermediate container among the plurality of intermediate containers regarding a destination for the acquired object responsive to the identifying indicia in connection with the acquired object, said computer processing system including a non-transitory machine-readable medium for storing the assignment data regarding the assigned intermediate container; and an automated transport system for moving the acquired object to the assigned intermediate container. 65. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein the automated carriage includes a reciprocating carriage. 66. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said reciprocating carriage travels between two sets of intermediate containers. 67. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said reciprocating carriage travels between a first sortation station and a second sortation station. 68. The object processing system as claimed in claim 67, wherein said first sortation system includes a first automated carriage is able to dump any contents therein in a direction transverse to a direction of movement of the first automated carriage, and wherein said second sortation system includes a second automated carriage is able to dump any contents therein in a direction transverse to a direction of movement of the second automated carriage. 69. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said input station includes an input cleated conveyor on which objects are provided to be sorted. 70. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said input station includes an output chute for providing objects for which the perception system not able to perceive identifying indicia. 71. The object processing system as claimed in claim 70, wherein said reciprocating carriage is further movable to the output chute such that the object may be moved to the output chute by the first automated carriage. 72. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said input station includes a primary scanner system for identifying indicia relating to objects. 73. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said input station includes a second scanner system that includes multiple scanners. 74. The object processing system as claimed in claim 73, wherein said multiple scanners of said second scanning system are positioned to scan an object as it is falling. 75. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said reciprocating carriage is able to dump any contents of the carriage in a direction transverse to a direction of movement of the reciprocating carriage. 76. The object processing system as claimed in claim 64, wherein said object processing system includes at least two programmable motion devices, and each programmable motion device includes a robotic system. 77. A method of processing objects, said method comprising:
providing a plurality of intermediate containers each of which is unassigned to any destination; acquiring an object to be sorted from an input station; identifying the acquired object by determined indicia associated with the acquired object; identifying, using a computer processing system, an assigned destination for the acquired object; determining, using the computer processing system, a number of objects expected to arrive at the input station within a given time bound for the assigned destination; assigning, using the computer processing system, an assigned intermediate container to the acquired object responsive to the number of objects expected to arrive at the input station within the given time bound for the assigned destination; storing assignment data in a non-transitory machine-readable medium; and moving the object to the assigned intermediate container. 78. The method as claimed in claim 77, wherein said step of identifying the object includes scanning the object with a plurality of cameras as the object is falling. 79. The method as claimed in claim 77, wherein the step of moving the acquired object to the assigned intermediate container includes moving the acquired object using an automated carriage along a track to the assigned intermediate container. 80. The method as claimed in claim 77, wherein the track runs between a first sortation station and a second sortation station. 81. The method as claimed in claim 77, further includes generating a signal to empty the assigned intermediate container before the assigned intermediate container is full and identifying the emptied intermediate container as available for re-assignment, by the computer processing system, when the number of objects expected to arrive indicates that the intermediate container is not expected to receive another object bound for the destination currently assigned to the intermediate container within the given time. | 2,400 |
345,948 | 16,804,367 | 2,464 | An adapter assembly for connecting a loading unit to a handle assembly includes a sleeve, a trocar assembly releasably securable with the sleeve, a drive assembly including at least one flexible band, and a trocar retaining mechanism configured to releasably secure the trocar assembly within the sleeve. The trocar retaining mechanism includes a band support configured to prevent buckling of at least one flexible band. | 1. An adapter assembly for connecting a loading unit to a handle assembly, the adapter assembly comprising:
a sleeve; a trocar assembly releasably securable with the sleeve; a drive assembly including at least one flexible band extending at least partially within the sleeve; and a trocar retaining mechanism configured to releasably secure the trocar assembly within the sleeve, the trocar retaining mechanism including a band support positioned in engagement with the at least one flexible band to prevent buckling of the at least one flexible band. 2. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the band support includes a bottom surface in engagement with the at least one flexible band. 3. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the band support includes first and second support members in engagement with the at least one flexible band. 4. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the band support includes a cutout for accommodating the at least one flexible band. 5. The adapter assembly of claim 1, further including a wire harness extending at least partially through the sleeve, wherein the band support defines a channel for receiving the wire harness. 6. The adapter assembly of claim 5, wherein the band support includes a lip on either side of the channel for maintaining the wire harness within the channel. 7. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the trocar retaining mechanism further includes a band guide defining a cutout for receiving the at least one flexible band. 8. The adapter assembly of claim 7, wherein the band guide defines a central opening for receiving the band support. 9. The adapter assembly of claim 7, wherein the trocar retaining mechanism further includes a retaining block defining a longitudinal passage for receiving the trocar assembly. 10. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the trocar assembly includes a housing and a trocar member slidably disposed within the trocar assembly. 11. A surgical stapling device comprising:
a handle assembly; and an adapter assembly secured to the handle assembly, the adapter assembly including,
a drive assembly including at least one flexible band extending at least partially through the adapter assembly; and
a retaining mechanism configured to releasably secure a trocar assembly within the adapter assembly, the retaining mechanism including a band support positioned in engagement with the at least one flexible band to prevent buckling of the at least one flexible band. 12. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the band support includes a bottom surface in engagement with the at least one flexible band. 13. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the band support includes first and second support members in engagement with the at least one flexible band. 14. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the band support includes a cutout for accommodating the at least one flexible band. 15. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, further including a wire harness extending at least partially through the adapter assembly, wherein the band support defines a channel for receiving the wire harness. 16. The surgical stapling device of claim 15, wherein the band support includes a lip on either side of the channel for maintaining the wire harness within the channel. 17. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the retaining mechanism further includes a band guide defining a cutout for receiving the at least one flexible band. 18. The surgical stapling device of claim 17, wherein the band guide defines a central opening for receiving the band support. 19. The surgical stapling device of claim 17, further including a trocar assembly, wherein the retaining mechanism includes a retaining block defining a longitudinal passage for receiving the trocar assembly. 20. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the trocar assembly includes a housing and a trocar member slidably disposed within the trocar assembly. | An adapter assembly for connecting a loading unit to a handle assembly includes a sleeve, a trocar assembly releasably securable with the sleeve, a drive assembly including at least one flexible band, and a trocar retaining mechanism configured to releasably secure the trocar assembly within the sleeve. The trocar retaining mechanism includes a band support configured to prevent buckling of at least one flexible band.1. An adapter assembly for connecting a loading unit to a handle assembly, the adapter assembly comprising:
a sleeve; a trocar assembly releasably securable with the sleeve; a drive assembly including at least one flexible band extending at least partially within the sleeve; and a trocar retaining mechanism configured to releasably secure the trocar assembly within the sleeve, the trocar retaining mechanism including a band support positioned in engagement with the at least one flexible band to prevent buckling of the at least one flexible band. 2. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the band support includes a bottom surface in engagement with the at least one flexible band. 3. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the band support includes first and second support members in engagement with the at least one flexible band. 4. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the band support includes a cutout for accommodating the at least one flexible band. 5. The adapter assembly of claim 1, further including a wire harness extending at least partially through the sleeve, wherein the band support defines a channel for receiving the wire harness. 6. The adapter assembly of claim 5, wherein the band support includes a lip on either side of the channel for maintaining the wire harness within the channel. 7. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the trocar retaining mechanism further includes a band guide defining a cutout for receiving the at least one flexible band. 8. The adapter assembly of claim 7, wherein the band guide defines a central opening for receiving the band support. 9. The adapter assembly of claim 7, wherein the trocar retaining mechanism further includes a retaining block defining a longitudinal passage for receiving the trocar assembly. 10. The adapter assembly of claim 1, wherein the trocar assembly includes a housing and a trocar member slidably disposed within the trocar assembly. 11. A surgical stapling device comprising:
a handle assembly; and an adapter assembly secured to the handle assembly, the adapter assembly including,
a drive assembly including at least one flexible band extending at least partially through the adapter assembly; and
a retaining mechanism configured to releasably secure a trocar assembly within the adapter assembly, the retaining mechanism including a band support positioned in engagement with the at least one flexible band to prevent buckling of the at least one flexible band. 12. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the band support includes a bottom surface in engagement with the at least one flexible band. 13. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the band support includes first and second support members in engagement with the at least one flexible band. 14. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the band support includes a cutout for accommodating the at least one flexible band. 15. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, further including a wire harness extending at least partially through the adapter assembly, wherein the band support defines a channel for receiving the wire harness. 16. The surgical stapling device of claim 15, wherein the band support includes a lip on either side of the channel for maintaining the wire harness within the channel. 17. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the retaining mechanism further includes a band guide defining a cutout for receiving the at least one flexible band. 18. The surgical stapling device of claim 17, wherein the band guide defines a central opening for receiving the band support. 19. The surgical stapling device of claim 17, further including a trocar assembly, wherein the retaining mechanism includes a retaining block defining a longitudinal passage for receiving the trocar assembly. 20. The surgical stapling device of claim 11, wherein the trocar assembly includes a housing and a trocar member slidably disposed within the trocar assembly. | 2,400 |
345,949 | 16,804,368 | 2,464 | The objective is to realize a rotation storage device with a lightweight and straightforward configuration that can release the energy of various urging means, typically a flat coil spring, over a more extended period and increase the urging force. The rotation storage device includes a plurality of single unit rotation storage devices that comprise of an urging means for urging of the rotational force and a one-way bearing with one end of the urging means fixed to one of its outer ring or inner ring, wherein a plurality of single unit rotation storage devices are characterized in that the outer ring and inner ring of the one-way bearings are connected, the other end of the urging means connected to one end of the urging means of the adjacent unit rotation storage device, and the rotation force is output between the outer ring and inner ring of the one-way bearing. | 1. A rotation storage device equipped with a plurality of unit rotation storage devices each equipped with:
an urging means that urges a rotational force; and a one-way bearing, wherein one end of the urging means is fixed to one of an outer ring or an inner ring thereof; the rotation storage device being characterised in that:
the others of the outer ring or the inner ring of the one-way bearings of the plurality of unit rotation storage devices are connected to one another;
the other end of an urging means is connected to the one end of the urging means of the adjacent unit rotation storage device;
a rotational force is output between the inner ring and the outer ring of the one-way bearing; and
while the outer end of each urging means is fixed to the inner end of the urging means arranged adjacently on the output side, the inner end of each urging means is fixed to the outer ring of a respectively provided one-way bearing. 2. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the plurality of unit rotation storage devices are successively arranged so as to be coaxially positioned. 3. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the urging means is a spring. 4. The rotation storage device according to claim 3, characterised in that the spring is a spiral spring. 5. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the urging means of the plurality of unit rotation storage devices are urging means whose rotational force progressively increases toward the output side. 6. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the urging means of the plurality of unit rotation storage devices are urging means whose characteristics are identical. 7. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the duration over which a rotational force can be output from the rotation storage device is greater than the duration over which an individual unit rotation storage device can output a rotational force. 8. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that a shaft core rod is connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing. 9. The rotation storage device according to claim 8, characterised in that the shaft core rod is unrotatably fixed, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing outputs a rotational force. 10. A generator characterised in that it is equipped with the rotation storage device according to claim 1. 11. The generator according to claim 10, characterised in that the generator is a wind power generator. 12. A bicycle characterised in that it is equipped with the rotation storage device according to claim 1. 13. The rotation storage device according to claim 9, characterised in that:
it further comprises an enclosure that holds the urging means, the one-way bearings, and the shaft core rod; and both ends of the shaft core rod are fixed to the enclosure. 14. The rotation storage device according to claim 13, characterised in that it further comprises an input rotation transmission mechanism for inputting, from outside the enclosure, an input rotation to the outer ring of the one-way bearing of the unit rotation storage device at the input end. 15. The rotation storage device according to claim 13, characterised in that it further comprises:
a one-way bearing for output, to the outer ring of which is fixed the outer end of the urging means of the unit rotation storage device at the output end, and whose inner ring is fixed further to the output side of the shaft core rod; and an output rotation transmission mechanism for extracting, to the outside of the enclosure, the rotation of the outer ring of the one-way bearing for output. 16. A rotation storage apparatus in which at least two of the rotation storage devices according to claim 13 are adjacently arranged, said rotation storage devices further comprising:
an input rotation transmission mechanism for inputting, from outside the enclosure, an input rotation to the outer ring of the one-way bearing of the unit rotation storage device at the input end;
a one-way bearing for output, to the outer ring of which is fixed the outer end of the urging means of the unit rotation storage device at the output end, and whose inner ring is fixed further to the output side of the shaft core rod; and
an output rotation transmission mechanism for extracting, to the outside of the enclosure, the rotation of the outer ring of the one-way bearing for output; and
the rotation storage apparatus being characterised in that it has a configuration in which the output rotation transmission mechanism of one rotation storage device is connected to the input rotation transmission mechanism of another, adjacent, rotation storage device. 17. A wind power generation system characterised in that it comprises a rotating blade rotated by the force of wind; a rotation storage apparatus according to claim 16 to which is input the rotational force of the rotating blade; and a generator which generates electric power using the output of the rotation storage apparatus as a motive power source. 18. The wind power generation system according to claim 17, characterised in that the output torque of the rotation storage devices of the rotation storage apparatus increases toward the output side. 19. The wind power generation system according to claim 18, characterised in that the urging means is a spiral spring, and the thickness of the spiral springs of the rotation storage devices is made thicker toward the output side. 20. A wave power generation system characterised in that it comprises a floating body which floats on water and on which is mounted:
a plurality of floats that are moved up and down by the force of waves; a plurality of one-way bearings for wave power generation, each pivotably supporting the vertical movement of the plurality of floats and transmitting this as a rotational force; a rotary belt to which is transmitted the unidirectional rotational force of the plurality of one-way bearings for wave power generation; the rotation storage apparatus according to claim 16, to which is input the rotational force of the rotary belt; and a generator which generates electric power using the output of the rotation storage apparatus as a motive power source. 21. The wave power generation system according to claim 20, characterised in that the output torque of the rotation storage devices of the rotation storage apparatus increases toward the output side. 22. The wave power generation system according to claim 21, characterised in that the urging means is a spiral spring, and the thickness of the spiral springs of the rotation storage devices is made thicker toward the output side. 23. A water power generation system characterised in that it comprises a floating body which floats on water and on which is mounted:
a plurality of rotating blades that are rotated by a water current; a plurality of one-way bearings for water power generation, each pivotably supporting the rotational movement of the plurality of rotating blades and transmitting this; a rotary belt to which is transmitted the unidirectional rotational force of the plurality of one-way bearings for water power generation; the rotation storage apparatus according to claim 16, to which is input the rotational force of the rotary belt; and a generator which generates electric power using the output of the rotation storage apparatus as a motive power source. 24. The water power generation system according to claim 23, characterised in that the output torque of the rotation storage devices of the rotation storage apparatus increases toward the output side. 25. The water power generation system according to claim 24, characterised in that the urging means is a spiral spring, and the thickness of the spiral springs of the rotation storage devices is made thicker toward the output side. | The objective is to realize a rotation storage device with a lightweight and straightforward configuration that can release the energy of various urging means, typically a flat coil spring, over a more extended period and increase the urging force. The rotation storage device includes a plurality of single unit rotation storage devices that comprise of an urging means for urging of the rotational force and a one-way bearing with one end of the urging means fixed to one of its outer ring or inner ring, wherein a plurality of single unit rotation storage devices are characterized in that the outer ring and inner ring of the one-way bearings are connected, the other end of the urging means connected to one end of the urging means of the adjacent unit rotation storage device, and the rotation force is output between the outer ring and inner ring of the one-way bearing.1. A rotation storage device equipped with a plurality of unit rotation storage devices each equipped with:
an urging means that urges a rotational force; and a one-way bearing, wherein one end of the urging means is fixed to one of an outer ring or an inner ring thereof; the rotation storage device being characterised in that:
the others of the outer ring or the inner ring of the one-way bearings of the plurality of unit rotation storage devices are connected to one another;
the other end of an urging means is connected to the one end of the urging means of the adjacent unit rotation storage device;
a rotational force is output between the inner ring and the outer ring of the one-way bearing; and
while the outer end of each urging means is fixed to the inner end of the urging means arranged adjacently on the output side, the inner end of each urging means is fixed to the outer ring of a respectively provided one-way bearing. 2. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the plurality of unit rotation storage devices are successively arranged so as to be coaxially positioned. 3. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the urging means is a spring. 4. The rotation storage device according to claim 3, characterised in that the spring is a spiral spring. 5. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the urging means of the plurality of unit rotation storage devices are urging means whose rotational force progressively increases toward the output side. 6. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the urging means of the plurality of unit rotation storage devices are urging means whose characteristics are identical. 7. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that the duration over which a rotational force can be output from the rotation storage device is greater than the duration over which an individual unit rotation storage device can output a rotational force. 8. The rotation storage device according to claim 1, characterised in that a shaft core rod is connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing. 9. The rotation storage device according to claim 8, characterised in that the shaft core rod is unrotatably fixed, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing outputs a rotational force. 10. A generator characterised in that it is equipped with the rotation storage device according to claim 1. 11. The generator according to claim 10, characterised in that the generator is a wind power generator. 12. A bicycle characterised in that it is equipped with the rotation storage device according to claim 1. 13. The rotation storage device according to claim 9, characterised in that:
it further comprises an enclosure that holds the urging means, the one-way bearings, and the shaft core rod; and both ends of the shaft core rod are fixed to the enclosure. 14. The rotation storage device according to claim 13, characterised in that it further comprises an input rotation transmission mechanism for inputting, from outside the enclosure, an input rotation to the outer ring of the one-way bearing of the unit rotation storage device at the input end. 15. The rotation storage device according to claim 13, characterised in that it further comprises:
a one-way bearing for output, to the outer ring of which is fixed the outer end of the urging means of the unit rotation storage device at the output end, and whose inner ring is fixed further to the output side of the shaft core rod; and an output rotation transmission mechanism for extracting, to the outside of the enclosure, the rotation of the outer ring of the one-way bearing for output. 16. A rotation storage apparatus in which at least two of the rotation storage devices according to claim 13 are adjacently arranged, said rotation storage devices further comprising:
an input rotation transmission mechanism for inputting, from outside the enclosure, an input rotation to the outer ring of the one-way bearing of the unit rotation storage device at the input end;
a one-way bearing for output, to the outer ring of which is fixed the outer end of the urging means of the unit rotation storage device at the output end, and whose inner ring is fixed further to the output side of the shaft core rod; and
an output rotation transmission mechanism for extracting, to the outside of the enclosure, the rotation of the outer ring of the one-way bearing for output; and
the rotation storage apparatus being characterised in that it has a configuration in which the output rotation transmission mechanism of one rotation storage device is connected to the input rotation transmission mechanism of another, adjacent, rotation storage device. 17. A wind power generation system characterised in that it comprises a rotating blade rotated by the force of wind; a rotation storage apparatus according to claim 16 to which is input the rotational force of the rotating blade; and a generator which generates electric power using the output of the rotation storage apparatus as a motive power source. 18. The wind power generation system according to claim 17, characterised in that the output torque of the rotation storage devices of the rotation storage apparatus increases toward the output side. 19. The wind power generation system according to claim 18, characterised in that the urging means is a spiral spring, and the thickness of the spiral springs of the rotation storage devices is made thicker toward the output side. 20. A wave power generation system characterised in that it comprises a floating body which floats on water and on which is mounted:
a plurality of floats that are moved up and down by the force of waves; a plurality of one-way bearings for wave power generation, each pivotably supporting the vertical movement of the plurality of floats and transmitting this as a rotational force; a rotary belt to which is transmitted the unidirectional rotational force of the plurality of one-way bearings for wave power generation; the rotation storage apparatus according to claim 16, to which is input the rotational force of the rotary belt; and a generator which generates electric power using the output of the rotation storage apparatus as a motive power source. 21. The wave power generation system according to claim 20, characterised in that the output torque of the rotation storage devices of the rotation storage apparatus increases toward the output side. 22. The wave power generation system according to claim 21, characterised in that the urging means is a spiral spring, and the thickness of the spiral springs of the rotation storage devices is made thicker toward the output side. 23. A water power generation system characterised in that it comprises a floating body which floats on water and on which is mounted:
a plurality of rotating blades that are rotated by a water current; a plurality of one-way bearings for water power generation, each pivotably supporting the rotational movement of the plurality of rotating blades and transmitting this; a rotary belt to which is transmitted the unidirectional rotational force of the plurality of one-way bearings for water power generation; the rotation storage apparatus according to claim 16, to which is input the rotational force of the rotary belt; and a generator which generates electric power using the output of the rotation storage apparatus as a motive power source. 24. The water power generation system according to claim 23, characterised in that the output torque of the rotation storage devices of the rotation storage apparatus increases toward the output side. 25. The water power generation system according to claim 24, characterised in that the urging means is a spiral spring, and the thickness of the spiral springs of the rotation storage devices is made thicker toward the output side. | 2,400 |
345,950 | 16,804,372 | 2,464 | According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes an active material-containing layer. The active material-containing layer includes: an active material including a titanium-containing composite oxide; inorganic solid particles having lithium ion conductivity; and carbon fiber. The active material-containing layer has a first peak indicating a maximum log differential pore volume in a log differential pore volume distribution curve according to mercury porosimetry. A pore diameter PD at the first peak is 0.01 μm to 0.1 μm. The first peak has a full width at half maximum of 0.05 μm or less. | 1. An electrode comprising:
an active material-containing layer including: an active material including a titanium-containing composite oxide; inorganic solid particles having lithium ion conductivity; and carbon fiber, wherein the active material-containing layer has a first peak indicating a maximum log differential pore volume in a log differential pore volume distribution curve according to mercury porosimetry, a pore diameter PD at the first peak is 0.01 μm to 0.1 μm, and the first peak has a full width at half maximum of 0.05 μm or less. 2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the active material-containing layer has a total pore surface area TA of 4 m2/g or more according to the mercury porosimetry. 3. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the active material-containing layer has a total pore volume TV of 0.1 mL/g or less according to the mercury porosimetry. 4. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the active material-containing layer has a ratio TA/TV of 5.5×107 (l/m) to 10×107 (l/m), the ratio TA/TV represents a ratio of the total pore surface area TA to the total pore volume TV. 5. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein a value MD-PD is −0.01 μm to 0.10 μm, the value MD-PD is obtained by subtracting the pore diameter PD at the first peak from a median pore diameter MD of the active material-containing layer according to the mercury porosimetry. 6. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the titanium-containing composite oxide includes at least one compound represented by a general formula selected from a group consisting of AxTiMyNb2−yO7±z where 0≤x≤5, 0≤y≤0.5, −0.3≤z≤0.3, M is at least one metal element other than Ti and Nb, A is at least one of Li and Na, Li2+aNa2Ti6O14 where 0≤a≤6, and LixTiO2 where 0≤x≤1. 7. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic solid particles comprise solid electrolyte particles having a lithium ion conductivity of 1×10−5 S/cm or more at 25° C. 8. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic solid particles comprise at least one compound selected from a group consisting of: a metal oxide including at least one element selected from a group consisting of Ti, Ge, Sr, Zr, Sn, Al, Sc, Y, Ba, P, and Ca; a lanthanide oxide; and a sulfide including at least one element selected from a group consisting of Li, Ge, P Si, Sn, Al, Ga, B, and In. 9. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber has a diameter of a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the carbon fiber of 1 nm to 200 nm. 10. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber has a length of 5 μm to 50 μm. 11. A secondary battery comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte,
wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is the electrode according to claim 1. 12. A battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 11. 13. The battery pack according to claim 12, further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and a protective circuit. 14. The battery pack according to claim 12, which includes plural of the secondary battery, wherein the plural of the secondary battery are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of series and parallel. 15. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 12. 16. The vehicle according to claim 15, which comprises a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. | According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes an active material-containing layer. The active material-containing layer includes: an active material including a titanium-containing composite oxide; inorganic solid particles having lithium ion conductivity; and carbon fiber. The active material-containing layer has a first peak indicating a maximum log differential pore volume in a log differential pore volume distribution curve according to mercury porosimetry. A pore diameter PD at the first peak is 0.01 μm to 0.1 μm. The first peak has a full width at half maximum of 0.05 μm or less.1. An electrode comprising:
an active material-containing layer including: an active material including a titanium-containing composite oxide; inorganic solid particles having lithium ion conductivity; and carbon fiber, wherein the active material-containing layer has a first peak indicating a maximum log differential pore volume in a log differential pore volume distribution curve according to mercury porosimetry, a pore diameter PD at the first peak is 0.01 μm to 0.1 μm, and the first peak has a full width at half maximum of 0.05 μm or less. 2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the active material-containing layer has a total pore surface area TA of 4 m2/g or more according to the mercury porosimetry. 3. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the active material-containing layer has a total pore volume TV of 0.1 mL/g or less according to the mercury porosimetry. 4. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the active material-containing layer has a ratio TA/TV of 5.5×107 (l/m) to 10×107 (l/m), the ratio TA/TV represents a ratio of the total pore surface area TA to the total pore volume TV. 5. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein a value MD-PD is −0.01 μm to 0.10 μm, the value MD-PD is obtained by subtracting the pore diameter PD at the first peak from a median pore diameter MD of the active material-containing layer according to the mercury porosimetry. 6. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the titanium-containing composite oxide includes at least one compound represented by a general formula selected from a group consisting of AxTiMyNb2−yO7±z where 0≤x≤5, 0≤y≤0.5, −0.3≤z≤0.3, M is at least one metal element other than Ti and Nb, A is at least one of Li and Na, Li2+aNa2Ti6O14 where 0≤a≤6, and LixTiO2 where 0≤x≤1. 7. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic solid particles comprise solid electrolyte particles having a lithium ion conductivity of 1×10−5 S/cm or more at 25° C. 8. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic solid particles comprise at least one compound selected from a group consisting of: a metal oxide including at least one element selected from a group consisting of Ti, Ge, Sr, Zr, Sn, Al, Sc, Y, Ba, P, and Ca; a lanthanide oxide; and a sulfide including at least one element selected from a group consisting of Li, Ge, P Si, Sn, Al, Ga, B, and In. 9. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber has a diameter of a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the carbon fiber of 1 nm to 200 nm. 10. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber has a length of 5 μm to 50 μm. 11. A secondary battery comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte,
wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is the electrode according to claim 1. 12. A battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 11. 13. The battery pack according to claim 12, further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and a protective circuit. 14. The battery pack according to claim 12, which includes plural of the secondary battery, wherein the plural of the secondary battery are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of series and parallel. 15. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 12. 16. The vehicle according to claim 15, which comprises a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy. | 2,400 |
345,951 | 16,804,377 | 2,464 | Solid detergent compositions designed to maintain solid integrity throughout production of the pressed solid, during mechanical conveying and during ejection from molds, are disclosed. Solid detergent compositions having unexpected immediate block hardness without a curing step are provided by inclusion of a hardness additive composition comprising a synergistic ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelants to aminocarboxylate chelants. Methods of making solid detergent compositions and solid detergent compositions having at least substantially similar cleaning performance to solid detergent compositions without the hardness additive composition are also provided. | 1. A hardness additive composition comprising:
at least one polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant comprising a polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid polymer or homopolymer from about 5 wt-% to about 40 wt-% of the composition; and at least one aminocarboxylate chelant comprising one or more of ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), and glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) from about 60 wt-% to about 95 wt-% of the composition, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid polymer has at one of the following ratios:
(A) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) or salt thereof in combination with ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1;
(B) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.06:1 to about 0.12:1; and/or
(C) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.2:1 to about 0.5:1. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the aminocarboxylate chelant comprises ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid, methylglycinediacetic acid, and glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) or salt thereof in combination with ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1. 4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.06:1 to about 0.12:1. 5. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between 0.2:1 to about 0.5:1. 6. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid polymer has at least two of the following ratios:
(A) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) or salt thereof in combination with ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1; (B) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.06:1 to about 0.12:1; and/or (C) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.2:1 to about 0.5:1. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant comprises from about 10 wt-% to about 30 wt-% of the composition, and the aminocarboxylate chelant comprises from about 70 wt-% to about 90 wt-% of the composition. 8. A solid detergent composition comprising:
a hardness additive composition of claim 1; an alkalinity source; at least one nonionic surfactant; wherein the polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant of the hardness additive composition comprises less than about 4 wt-% of the composition. 9. The detergent composition of claim 8, wherein the alkalinity source is an alkali metal carbonate. 10. The detergent composition of claim 8, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an alcohol ethoxylate and/or ethylene oxide/propylene block copolymers. 11. The detergent composition of claim 8, further comprising an additional chelant. 12. The detergent composition of claim 8, wherein the composition comprises from about 15 wt-% to about 50 wt-% of the hardness additive composition, from about 20 wt-% to about 90 wt-% of the alkali metal alkalinity source, from about 1 wt-% to about 25 wt-% of the nonionic surfactant, and from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of the additional functional ingredients. 13. The detergent composition of claim 8, further comprising at least one enzyme. 14. The detergent composition of claim 8, wherein the composition is free of silicates, NTA, phosphates and/or phosphonates. 15. A method of improving solid block hardness comprising:
combining a hardness additive composition according to claim 7 with an alkalinity source, at least one surfactant and at least one additional functional ingredient; mixing to form a homogenous mixture; and pressing in a mold to form a solid composition, wherein the solid is a block having edge hardness immediately upon pressing and removal from the mold. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method does not include curing of the solid blocks. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising a step of packaging the solid blocks immediately after pressing and removal from the mold. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the packaging comprises shrink wrapping. 19. The method of claim 15, where the scrap rate of the solid block production is less than about 5%. | Solid detergent compositions designed to maintain solid integrity throughout production of the pressed solid, during mechanical conveying and during ejection from molds, are disclosed. Solid detergent compositions having unexpected immediate block hardness without a curing step are provided by inclusion of a hardness additive composition comprising a synergistic ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelants to aminocarboxylate chelants. Methods of making solid detergent compositions and solid detergent compositions having at least substantially similar cleaning performance to solid detergent compositions without the hardness additive composition are also provided.1. A hardness additive composition comprising:
at least one polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant comprising a polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid polymer or homopolymer from about 5 wt-% to about 40 wt-% of the composition; and at least one aminocarboxylate chelant comprising one or more of ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), and glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) from about 60 wt-% to about 95 wt-% of the composition, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid polymer has at one of the following ratios:
(A) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) or salt thereof in combination with ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1;
(B) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.06:1 to about 0.12:1; and/or
(C) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.2:1 to about 0.5:1. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the aminocarboxylate chelant comprises ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid, methylglycinediacetic acid, and glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) or salt thereof in combination with ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1. 4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.06:1 to about 0.12:1. 5. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between 0.2:1 to about 0.5:1. 6. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid polymer has at least two of the following ratios:
(A) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) or salt thereof in combination with ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1; (B) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.06:1 to about 0.12:1; and/or (C) the ratio of polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant(s) to ethylenediamine-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or salt thereof, is between about 0.2:1 to about 0.5:1. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant comprises from about 10 wt-% to about 30 wt-% of the composition, and the aminocarboxylate chelant comprises from about 70 wt-% to about 90 wt-% of the composition. 8. A solid detergent composition comprising:
a hardness additive composition of claim 1; an alkalinity source; at least one nonionic surfactant; wherein the polycarboxylic acid polymer chelant of the hardness additive composition comprises less than about 4 wt-% of the composition. 9. The detergent composition of claim 8, wherein the alkalinity source is an alkali metal carbonate. 10. The detergent composition of claim 8, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an alcohol ethoxylate and/or ethylene oxide/propylene block copolymers. 11. The detergent composition of claim 8, further comprising an additional chelant. 12. The detergent composition of claim 8, wherein the composition comprises from about 15 wt-% to about 50 wt-% of the hardness additive composition, from about 20 wt-% to about 90 wt-% of the alkali metal alkalinity source, from about 1 wt-% to about 25 wt-% of the nonionic surfactant, and from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of the additional functional ingredients. 13. The detergent composition of claim 8, further comprising at least one enzyme. 14. The detergent composition of claim 8, wherein the composition is free of silicates, NTA, phosphates and/or phosphonates. 15. A method of improving solid block hardness comprising:
combining a hardness additive composition according to claim 7 with an alkalinity source, at least one surfactant and at least one additional functional ingredient; mixing to form a homogenous mixture; and pressing in a mold to form a solid composition, wherein the solid is a block having edge hardness immediately upon pressing and removal from the mold. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method does not include curing of the solid blocks. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising a step of packaging the solid blocks immediately after pressing and removal from the mold. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the packaging comprises shrink wrapping. 19. The method of claim 15, where the scrap rate of the solid block production is less than about 5%. | 2,400 |
345,952 | 16,804,401 | 2,464 | Sequences of a serotype 8 adeno-associated virus and vectors and host cells containing these sequences are provided. Also described are methods of using such host cells and vectors in production of rAAV particles. | 1. A method of generating a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) comprising culturing a host cell containing:
(a) a molecule encoding the vp1 capsid protein having a sequence of amino acids 1 to 738 of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence which is at least 95% identical to the full length of amino acids 1 to 738 of SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) a functional rep gene; (c) a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least one AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR) and a non-AAV nucleic acid sequence encoding a gene product operably linked to sequences which direct expression of the product in a host cell; and (d) sufficient helper functions to permit packaging of the minigene into the AAV capsid protein under conditions which permit packaging of the minigene into the AAV capsid. | Sequences of a serotype 8 adeno-associated virus and vectors and host cells containing these sequences are provided. Also described are methods of using such host cells and vectors in production of rAAV particles.1. A method of generating a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) comprising culturing a host cell containing:
(a) a molecule encoding the vp1 capsid protein having a sequence of amino acids 1 to 738 of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence which is at least 95% identical to the full length of amino acids 1 to 738 of SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) a functional rep gene; (c) a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least one AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR) and a non-AAV nucleic acid sequence encoding a gene product operably linked to sequences which direct expression of the product in a host cell; and (d) sufficient helper functions to permit packaging of the minigene into the AAV capsid protein under conditions which permit packaging of the minigene into the AAV capsid. | 2,400 |
345,953 | 16,804,388 | 2,464 | According to one embodiment, an information processing apparatus includes following units. The acquisition unit acquires first training data including a combination of a voice feature quantity and a correct phoneme label of the voice feature quantity. The training unit trains an acoustic model using the first training data in a manner to output the correct phoneme label in response to input of the voice feature quantity. The extraction unit extracts from the first training data, second training data including voice feature quantities of at least one of a keyword, a sub-word, a syllable, or a phoneme included in the keyword. The adaptation processing unit adapts the trained acoustic model using the second training data to a keyword detection model. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a first data acquisition unit configured to acquire first training data including a combination of a voice feature quantity and a correct phoneme label of the voice feature quantity; a training unit configured to train an acoustic model using the first training data in a manner to output the correct phoneme label in response to input of the voice feature quantity; an extraction unit configured to extract from the first training data, second training data including voice feature quantities of at least one of a keyword, a sub-word included in the keyword, a syllable included in the keyword, or a phoneme included in the keyword; and an adaptation processing unit configured to adapt the trained acoustic model using the second training data to a keyword model for detection of the keyword. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second data acquisition unit configured to acquire keyword utterance data including utterance voice of the keyword, wherein the adaptation processing unit adapts the acoustic model to the keyword model using the second training data and the keyword utterance data. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts as the second training data, a data piece in which a proportion in number of a letter of the keyword, a letter of the sub-word, the syllable, or the phoneme to the data piece is a predetermined value or more. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts the second training data up to a predetermined number of data pieces. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts data pieces as the second training data up to a predetermined number of data pieces, in descending order according to a proportion in number of a letter of the keyword, a letter of the sub-word, the syllable, or the phoneme to a data piece. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts as the second training data, data pieces in each of which a proportion in number of a letter of the keyword, a letter of the sub-word, the syllable, or the phoneme to a data piece is a predetermined value or more, up to a predetermined number of data pieces in descending order according to the proportion. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a keyword setting unit configured to receive setting of the keyword from a user. 8. A keyword detecting apparatus configured to perform keyword detection using a keyword model adapted by the apparatus according to claim 1. 9. An information processing method, performed by an information processing apparatus, the method comprising:
acquiring first training data including a combination of a voice feature quantity and a correct phoneme label of the voice feature quantity; training an acoustic model using the first training data in a manner to output the correct phoneme label in response to input of the voice feature quantity; extracting from the first training data, second training data including voice feature quantities of at least one of a keyword, a sub-word included in the keyword, a syllable included in the keyword, or a phoneme included in the keyword; and adapting the trained acoustic model using the second training data to a keyword model for detection of the keyword. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium including computer executable instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
acquiring first training data including a combination of a voice feature quantity and a correct phoneme label of the voice feature quantity; training an acoustic model using the first training data in a manner to output the correct phoneme label in response to input of the voice feature quantity; extracting from the first training data, second training data including voice feature quantities of at least one of a keyword, a sub-word included in the keyword, a syllable included in the keyword, or a phoneme included in the keyword; and adapting the trained acoustic model using the second training data to a keyword model for detection of the keyword. | According to one embodiment, an information processing apparatus includes following units. The acquisition unit acquires first training data including a combination of a voice feature quantity and a correct phoneme label of the voice feature quantity. The training unit trains an acoustic model using the first training data in a manner to output the correct phoneme label in response to input of the voice feature quantity. The extraction unit extracts from the first training data, second training data including voice feature quantities of at least one of a keyword, a sub-word, a syllable, or a phoneme included in the keyword. The adaptation processing unit adapts the trained acoustic model using the second training data to a keyword detection model.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a first data acquisition unit configured to acquire first training data including a combination of a voice feature quantity and a correct phoneme label of the voice feature quantity; a training unit configured to train an acoustic model using the first training data in a manner to output the correct phoneme label in response to input of the voice feature quantity; an extraction unit configured to extract from the first training data, second training data including voice feature quantities of at least one of a keyword, a sub-word included in the keyword, a syllable included in the keyword, or a phoneme included in the keyword; and an adaptation processing unit configured to adapt the trained acoustic model using the second training data to a keyword model for detection of the keyword. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second data acquisition unit configured to acquire keyword utterance data including utterance voice of the keyword, wherein the adaptation processing unit adapts the acoustic model to the keyword model using the second training data and the keyword utterance data. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts as the second training data, a data piece in which a proportion in number of a letter of the keyword, a letter of the sub-word, the syllable, or the phoneme to the data piece is a predetermined value or more. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts the second training data up to a predetermined number of data pieces. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts data pieces as the second training data up to a predetermined number of data pieces, in descending order according to a proportion in number of a letter of the keyword, a letter of the sub-word, the syllable, or the phoneme to a data piece. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit extracts as the second training data, data pieces in each of which a proportion in number of a letter of the keyword, a letter of the sub-word, the syllable, or the phoneme to a data piece is a predetermined value or more, up to a predetermined number of data pieces in descending order according to the proportion. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a keyword setting unit configured to receive setting of the keyword from a user. 8. A keyword detecting apparatus configured to perform keyword detection using a keyword model adapted by the apparatus according to claim 1. 9. An information processing method, performed by an information processing apparatus, the method comprising:
acquiring first training data including a combination of a voice feature quantity and a correct phoneme label of the voice feature quantity; training an acoustic model using the first training data in a manner to output the correct phoneme label in response to input of the voice feature quantity; extracting from the first training data, second training data including voice feature quantities of at least one of a keyword, a sub-word included in the keyword, a syllable included in the keyword, or a phoneme included in the keyword; and adapting the trained acoustic model using the second training data to a keyword model for detection of the keyword. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium including computer executable instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
acquiring first training data including a combination of a voice feature quantity and a correct phoneme label of the voice feature quantity; training an acoustic model using the first training data in a manner to output the correct phoneme label in response to input of the voice feature quantity; extracting from the first training data, second training data including voice feature quantities of at least one of a keyword, a sub-word included in the keyword, a syllable included in the keyword, or a phoneme included in the keyword; and adapting the trained acoustic model using the second training data to a keyword model for detection of the keyword. | 2,400 |
345,954 | 16,804,414 | 3,696 | A method executed by a computing device includes identifying a payout of a first sub-asset of sub-assets. A first longevity-contingent instrument is rived in accordance with a rive approach to produce the first sub-asset and a first sub-liability of sub-liabilities. The first sub-liability is associated with a first premium payment stream of premium payment streams of the sub-liabilities. The method further includes determining a first portion of the payout to associate with a premium cash escrow in accordance with the rive approach. The premium cash escrow is utilized to fund an aggregated payment of the premium payment streams on behalf of one or more debtors. The method further includes determining a second portion of the payout to associate with a benefit cash account based on the first portion of the payout and in accordance with the rive approach. The benefit cash account is associated with one or more benefactors. | 1. A method for execution by a computing device, the method comprises:
identifying a payout of a first sub-asset of a plurality of sub-assets, wherein a first longevity-contingent instrument is rived in accordance with a rive approach to produce the first sub-asset and a first sub-liability of a plurality of sub-liabilities, wherein the first sub-liability is associated with a first premium payment stream of a plurality of premium payment streams of the plurality of sub-liabilities; determining a first portion of the payout to associate with a premium cash escrow in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the premium cash escrow is utilized to fund an aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams on behalf of one or more debtors; and determining a second portion of the payout to associate with a benefit cash account based on the first portion of the payout and in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the benefit cash account is associated with one or more benefactors. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprises:
facilitating payment of the first portion of the payout to the premium cash escrow;
facilitating payment of the second portion of the payout to the benefit cash account; and
facilitating the aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams utilizing the premium cash escrow and a premium offset from the one or more debtors. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprises one of:
adjusting the rive approach to favor increasing the first portion of the payout when a first sum of a first plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is less than a first sum of a first subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame; and
adjusting the rive approach to favor decreasing the first portion of the payout when a second sum of a second plurality of first portion payouts within a second time frame is greater than a second sum of a second subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the second time frame. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying the payout comprises one or more of:
interpreting a payment notification message; receiving an indication of payment of the payout; and detecting a longevity status change of the first longevity-contingent instrument. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the first portion of the payout to associate with the premium cash escrow comprises one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a surplus approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that a sum of a plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is greater than a sum of a subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a deficit approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is less than the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a break-even approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is substantially the same as the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout; and
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined first portion level. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the second portion of the payout to associate with the benefit cash account comprises one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout;
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined second portion level; and
when the rive approach includes a difference approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a difference between the payout and the first portion of the payout. 7. A computing device of a computing system, the computing device comprises:
an interface; a local memory; and a processing module operably coupled to the interface and the local memory, wherein the processing module functions to:
identify a payout of a first sub-asset of a plurality of sub-assets, wherein a first longevity-contingent instrument is rived in accordance with a rive approach to produce the first sub-asset and a first sub-liability of a plurality of sub-liabilities, wherein the first sub-liability is associated with a first premium payment stream of a plurality of premium payment streams of the plurality of sub-liabilities;
determine a first portion of the payout to associate with a premium cash escrow in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the premium cash escrow is utilized to fund an aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams on behalf of one or more debtors; and
determine a second portion of the payout to associate with a benefit cash account based on the first portion of the payout and in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the benefit cash account is associated with one or more benefactors. 8. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module further functions to:
facilitate payment of the first portion of the payout to the premium cash escrow; facilitate payment of the second portion of the payout to the benefit cash account; and facilitate the aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams utilizing the premium cash escrow and a premium offset from the one or more debtors. 9. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module further functions to:
adjust the rive approach to favor increasing the first portion of the payout when a first sum of a first plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is less than a first sum of a first subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame; or adjust the rive approach to favor decreasing the first portion of the payout when a second sum of a second plurality of first portion payouts within a second time frame is greater than a second sum of a second subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the second time frame. 10. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module functions to identify the payout by one or more of:
interpreting a payment notification message; receiving an indication of payment of the payout; and detecting a longevity status change of the first longevity-contingent instrument. 11. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module functions to determine the first portion of the payout to associate with the premium cash escrow by one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a surplus approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that a sum of a plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is greater than a sum of a subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a deficit approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is less than the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a break-even approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is substantially the same as the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout; and
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined first portion level. 12. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module functions to determine the second portion of the payout to associate with the benefit cash account by one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout;
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined second portion level; and
when the rive approach includes a difference approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a difference between the payout and the first portion of the payout. 13. A computer readable memory comprises:
a first memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by a processing module, causes the processing module to:
identify a payout of a first sub-asset of a plurality of sub-assets, wherein a first longevity-contingent instrument is rived in accordance with a rive approach to produce the first sub-asset and a first sub-liability of a plurality of sub-liabilities, wherein the first sub-liability is associated with a first premium payment stream of a plurality of premium payment streams of the plurality of sub-liabilities;
a second memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by the processing module, causes the processing module to:
determine a first portion of the payout to associate with a premium cash escrow in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the premium cash escrow is utilized to fund an aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams on behalf of one or more debtors; and
a third memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by the processing module, causes the processing module to:
determine a second portion of the payout to associate with a benefit cash account based on the first portion of the payout and in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the benefit cash account is associated with one or more benefactors. 14. The computer readable memory of claim 13 further comprises:
a fourth memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by the processing module, causes the processing module to:
facilitate payment of the first portion of the payout to the premium cash escrow;
facilitate payment of the second portion of the payout to the benefit cash account; and
facilitate the aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams utilizing the premium cash escrow and a premium offset from the one or more debtors. 15. The computer readable memory of claim 13 further comprises:
a fifth memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by the processing module, causes the processing module to:
adjust the rive approach to favor increasing the first portion of the payout when a first sum of a first plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is less than a first sum of a first subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame; or
adjust the rive approach to favor decreasing the first portion of the payout when a second sum of a second plurality of first portion payouts within a second time frame is greater than a second sum of a second subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the second time frame. 16. The computer readable memory of claim 13, wherein the processing module functions to execute the operational instructions stored by the first memory element to cause the processing module to identify the payout by one or more of:
interpreting a payment notification message; receiving an indication of payment of the payout; and detecting a longevity status change of the first longevity-contingent instrument. 17. The computer readable memory of claim 13, wherein the processing module functions to execute the operational instructions stored by the second memory element to cause the processing module to determine the first portion of the payout to associate with the premium cash escrow by one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a surplus approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that a sum of a plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is greater than a sum of a subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a deficit approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is less than the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a break-even approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is substantially the same as the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout; and
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined first portion level. 18. The computer readable memory of claim 13, wherein the processing module functions to execute the operational instructions stored by the third memory element to cause the processing module to determine the second portion of the payout to associate with the benefit cash account by one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout;
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined second portion level; and
when the rive approach includes a difference approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a difference between the payout and the first portion of the payout. | A method executed by a computing device includes identifying a payout of a first sub-asset of sub-assets. A first longevity-contingent instrument is rived in accordance with a rive approach to produce the first sub-asset and a first sub-liability of sub-liabilities. The first sub-liability is associated with a first premium payment stream of premium payment streams of the sub-liabilities. The method further includes determining a first portion of the payout to associate with a premium cash escrow in accordance with the rive approach. The premium cash escrow is utilized to fund an aggregated payment of the premium payment streams on behalf of one or more debtors. The method further includes determining a second portion of the payout to associate with a benefit cash account based on the first portion of the payout and in accordance with the rive approach. The benefit cash account is associated with one or more benefactors.1. A method for execution by a computing device, the method comprises:
identifying a payout of a first sub-asset of a plurality of sub-assets, wherein a first longevity-contingent instrument is rived in accordance with a rive approach to produce the first sub-asset and a first sub-liability of a plurality of sub-liabilities, wherein the first sub-liability is associated with a first premium payment stream of a plurality of premium payment streams of the plurality of sub-liabilities; determining a first portion of the payout to associate with a premium cash escrow in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the premium cash escrow is utilized to fund an aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams on behalf of one or more debtors; and determining a second portion of the payout to associate with a benefit cash account based on the first portion of the payout and in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the benefit cash account is associated with one or more benefactors. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprises:
facilitating payment of the first portion of the payout to the premium cash escrow;
facilitating payment of the second portion of the payout to the benefit cash account; and
facilitating the aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams utilizing the premium cash escrow and a premium offset from the one or more debtors. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprises one of:
adjusting the rive approach to favor increasing the first portion of the payout when a first sum of a first plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is less than a first sum of a first subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame; and
adjusting the rive approach to favor decreasing the first portion of the payout when a second sum of a second plurality of first portion payouts within a second time frame is greater than a second sum of a second subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the second time frame. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying the payout comprises one or more of:
interpreting a payment notification message; receiving an indication of payment of the payout; and detecting a longevity status change of the first longevity-contingent instrument. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the first portion of the payout to associate with the premium cash escrow comprises one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a surplus approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that a sum of a plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is greater than a sum of a subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a deficit approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is less than the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a break-even approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is substantially the same as the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout; and
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined first portion level. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the second portion of the payout to associate with the benefit cash account comprises one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout;
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined second portion level; and
when the rive approach includes a difference approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a difference between the payout and the first portion of the payout. 7. A computing device of a computing system, the computing device comprises:
an interface; a local memory; and a processing module operably coupled to the interface and the local memory, wherein the processing module functions to:
identify a payout of a first sub-asset of a plurality of sub-assets, wherein a first longevity-contingent instrument is rived in accordance with a rive approach to produce the first sub-asset and a first sub-liability of a plurality of sub-liabilities, wherein the first sub-liability is associated with a first premium payment stream of a plurality of premium payment streams of the plurality of sub-liabilities;
determine a first portion of the payout to associate with a premium cash escrow in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the premium cash escrow is utilized to fund an aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams on behalf of one or more debtors; and
determine a second portion of the payout to associate with a benefit cash account based on the first portion of the payout and in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the benefit cash account is associated with one or more benefactors. 8. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module further functions to:
facilitate payment of the first portion of the payout to the premium cash escrow; facilitate payment of the second portion of the payout to the benefit cash account; and facilitate the aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams utilizing the premium cash escrow and a premium offset from the one or more debtors. 9. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module further functions to:
adjust the rive approach to favor increasing the first portion of the payout when a first sum of a first plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is less than a first sum of a first subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame; or adjust the rive approach to favor decreasing the first portion of the payout when a second sum of a second plurality of first portion payouts within a second time frame is greater than a second sum of a second subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the second time frame. 10. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module functions to identify the payout by one or more of:
interpreting a payment notification message; receiving an indication of payment of the payout; and detecting a longevity status change of the first longevity-contingent instrument. 11. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module functions to determine the first portion of the payout to associate with the premium cash escrow by one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a surplus approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that a sum of a plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is greater than a sum of a subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a deficit approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is less than the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a break-even approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is substantially the same as the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout; and
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined first portion level. 12. The computing device of claim 7, wherein the processing module functions to determine the second portion of the payout to associate with the benefit cash account by one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout;
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined second portion level; and
when the rive approach includes a difference approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a difference between the payout and the first portion of the payout. 13. A computer readable memory comprises:
a first memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by a processing module, causes the processing module to:
identify a payout of a first sub-asset of a plurality of sub-assets, wherein a first longevity-contingent instrument is rived in accordance with a rive approach to produce the first sub-asset and a first sub-liability of a plurality of sub-liabilities, wherein the first sub-liability is associated with a first premium payment stream of a plurality of premium payment streams of the plurality of sub-liabilities;
a second memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by the processing module, causes the processing module to:
determine a first portion of the payout to associate with a premium cash escrow in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the premium cash escrow is utilized to fund an aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams on behalf of one or more debtors; and
a third memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by the processing module, causes the processing module to:
determine a second portion of the payout to associate with a benefit cash account based on the first portion of the payout and in accordance with the rive approach, wherein the benefit cash account is associated with one or more benefactors. 14. The computer readable memory of claim 13 further comprises:
a fourth memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by the processing module, causes the processing module to:
facilitate payment of the first portion of the payout to the premium cash escrow;
facilitate payment of the second portion of the payout to the benefit cash account; and
facilitate the aggregated payment of the plurality of premium payment streams utilizing the premium cash escrow and a premium offset from the one or more debtors. 15. The computer readable memory of claim 13 further comprises:
a fifth memory element that stores operational instructions that, when executed by the processing module, causes the processing module to:
adjust the rive approach to favor increasing the first portion of the payout when a first sum of a first plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is less than a first sum of a first subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame; or
adjust the rive approach to favor decreasing the first portion of the payout when a second sum of a second plurality of first portion payouts within a second time frame is greater than a second sum of a second subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the second time frame. 16. The computer readable memory of claim 13, wherein the processing module functions to execute the operational instructions stored by the first memory element to cause the processing module to identify the payout by one or more of:
interpreting a payment notification message; receiving an indication of payment of the payout; and detecting a longevity status change of the first longevity-contingent instrument. 17. The computer readable memory of claim 13, wherein the processing module functions to execute the operational instructions stored by the second memory element to cause the processing module to determine the first portion of the payout to associate with the premium cash escrow by one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a surplus approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that a sum of a plurality of first portion payouts within a first time frame is greater than a sum of a subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a deficit approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is less than the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a break-even approach:
calculating the first portion of the payout such that the sum of the plurality of first portion payouts within the first time frame is substantially the same as the sum of the subset of the plurality of premium payment streams for the first time frame;
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout; and
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the first portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined first portion level. 18. The computer readable memory of claim 13, wherein the processing module functions to execute the operational instructions stored by the third memory element to cause the processing module to determine the second portion of the payout to associate with the benefit cash account by one or more of:
when the rive approach includes a pro rata approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined percentage of the payout;
when the rive approach includes a consistency approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a pre-determined second portion level; and
when the rive approach includes a difference approach:
establishing the second portion of the payout in accordance with a difference between the payout and the first portion of the payout. | 3,600 |
345,955 | 16,804,409 | 3,696 | A rechargeable battery jump starting device and a rechargeable battery assembly for use in the portable rechargeable battery jump starting device. The portable rechargeable battery jump starting device maximizes the power conducted from the rechargeable battery assembly to a battery being jump started. | 1. A rechargeable battery jump starting device, comprising:
a rechargeable battery assembly comprising one or more rechargeable battery cells having a positive terminal connector, a negative terminal connector, a positive electrically conductive bar connected to the positive terminal connector, and a negative electrically conductive bar connected to the negative terminal connector; an electrically conductive frame connected to the battery assembly; a positive battery cable connected to the electrically conductive frame; a negative battery cable connectable to the electrically conductive frame; a positive battery clamp connected to the positive cable; and a negative battery clamp connected to the negative cable. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive frame comprises a positive conductive pathway from the positive terminal connector of the battery assembly to the connection with the positive battery cable and a negative conductive pathway from the negative terminal connector of the battery assembly to the connection with the negative battery cable. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrically conductive bar and negative electrically conductive bars are both oriented transversely relative to a length of the one or more rechargeable battery cells. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the electrically conductive bars are wider relative to a width of the one or more rechargeable battery cells and each protrude from a side of the rechargeable battery assembly. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the positive terminal connector is a positive foil end of the one or more rechargeable battery cells and the negative terminal connector is a negative foil end of the one or more rechargeable battery cells. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein a side of the positive electrically conductive bar is connected flat against the positive foil end of the one or more battery cells and a side of the negative electrically conductive bar is connected flat against the negative foil end of the one or more batteries. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrically conductive bar and negative electrically conductive bar are each provided with a through hole for connection with the electrically conductive frame. 8. The device according to claim 5, wherein the positive foil end at least partially wraps around the positive electrically conductive bar, and the negative foil end at least partially wraps around the negative electrically conductive bar. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the positive foil end fully wraps around the positive electrically conductive bar and the negative foil end fully wraps around the negative electrically conducive bar of the rechargeable battery assembly. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the positive foil end is soldered or welded to the positive electrically conductive bar and the negative foil end is soldered or welded to the negative electrically conductive bar. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more battery cells are multiple battery cells connected in series and layered one on top of the other to provide the rechargeable battery assembly. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the layered multiple battery cells are covered with heat shrink material. 13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive frame comprises multiple electrically conductive frame members connected together. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the frame members are electrically conductive bars bent along multiple axes. 15. A rechargeable battery assembly for use in a rechargeable jump starting device, the rechargeable battery assembly comprising:
one or more rechargeable battery cells having a positive terminal connector, a negative terminal connector, a positive electrically conductive bar connected to the positive terminal connector, and a negative electrically conductive bar connected to the negative terminal connector. | A rechargeable battery jump starting device and a rechargeable battery assembly for use in the portable rechargeable battery jump starting device. The portable rechargeable battery jump starting device maximizes the power conducted from the rechargeable battery assembly to a battery being jump started.1. A rechargeable battery jump starting device, comprising:
a rechargeable battery assembly comprising one or more rechargeable battery cells having a positive terminal connector, a negative terminal connector, a positive electrically conductive bar connected to the positive terminal connector, and a negative electrically conductive bar connected to the negative terminal connector; an electrically conductive frame connected to the battery assembly; a positive battery cable connected to the electrically conductive frame; a negative battery cable connectable to the electrically conductive frame; a positive battery clamp connected to the positive cable; and a negative battery clamp connected to the negative cable. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive frame comprises a positive conductive pathway from the positive terminal connector of the battery assembly to the connection with the positive battery cable and a negative conductive pathway from the negative terminal connector of the battery assembly to the connection with the negative battery cable. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrically conductive bar and negative electrically conductive bars are both oriented transversely relative to a length of the one or more rechargeable battery cells. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the electrically conductive bars are wider relative to a width of the one or more rechargeable battery cells and each protrude from a side of the rechargeable battery assembly. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the positive terminal connector is a positive foil end of the one or more rechargeable battery cells and the negative terminal connector is a negative foil end of the one or more rechargeable battery cells. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein a side of the positive electrically conductive bar is connected flat against the positive foil end of the one or more battery cells and a side of the negative electrically conductive bar is connected flat against the negative foil end of the one or more batteries. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrically conductive bar and negative electrically conductive bar are each provided with a through hole for connection with the electrically conductive frame. 8. The device according to claim 5, wherein the positive foil end at least partially wraps around the positive electrically conductive bar, and the negative foil end at least partially wraps around the negative electrically conductive bar. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the positive foil end fully wraps around the positive electrically conductive bar and the negative foil end fully wraps around the negative electrically conducive bar of the rechargeable battery assembly. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the positive foil end is soldered or welded to the positive electrically conductive bar and the negative foil end is soldered or welded to the negative electrically conductive bar. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more battery cells are multiple battery cells connected in series and layered one on top of the other to provide the rechargeable battery assembly. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the layered multiple battery cells are covered with heat shrink material. 13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive frame comprises multiple electrically conductive frame members connected together. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the frame members are electrically conductive bars bent along multiple axes. 15. A rechargeable battery assembly for use in a rechargeable jump starting device, the rechargeable battery assembly comprising:
one or more rechargeable battery cells having a positive terminal connector, a negative terminal connector, a positive electrically conductive bar connected to the positive terminal connector, and a negative electrically conductive bar connected to the negative terminal connector. | 3,600 |
345,956 | 16,804,393 | 3,696 | Provided is a highly-sensitive color image-capture element and an image capture device that can be simply manufactured, have little polarization dependency, and have micro-spectroscopic elements capable of separating incident light into three wavelength ranges integrated facing a two-dimensional pixel array. An image capture element 100 has a transparent layer 111 having a low refractive index made of SiO2 or the like and a plurality of micro-lenses 103 laminated on a two-dimensional pixel array in which pixels 102 each including a photoelectric conversion element are disposed in an array. Inside the transparent layer 111 having the low refractive index, micro-spectroscopic elements 101 composed of a plurality of microstructures having constant thickness (length in a direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional pixel array) formed of a material such as SiN having a higher refractive index than that of the transparent layer 111 is embedded. | 1. A color image-capture element, comprising:
a two-dimensional pixel array in which a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element are disposed on a substrate in a two-dimensional array; a transparent layer formed on the two-dimensional pixel array; and a two-dimensional spectroscopic element array in which a plurality of spectroscopic elements are disposed inside or on the transparent layer in a two-dimensional array, wherein each of the spectroscopic elements includes a set of microstructures composed of a plurality of microstructures formed of a material having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of the transparent layer, wherein the set of microstructures is composed of the plurality of microstructures that have equal length in a direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional pixel array but have a different shape in a horizontal direction with respect to the two-dimensional pixel array, and are disposed at intervals equal to or shorter than a wavelength of incident light, wherein at least part of light incident on the spectroscopic elements is separated into first to third deflected lights that have different propagation directions according to their respective wavelengths, and the lights are emitted from the spectroscopic elements, and enter the three respective pixels disposed consecutively in one direction of the two-dimensional pixel array. 2. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein each of the microstructures is a columnar structure, bottom and top surfaces of which structure have a shape of a four-fold rotational symmetry with a center as an axis of symmetry. 3. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein the first to third deflected lights are incident on first to third photoelectric conversion elements of adjacent three consecutive pixels, respectively. 4. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein when incident light is white light,
light incident on the first photoelectric conversion element has a light intensity peak in a blue wavelength region of 500 nm or less; light incident on the second photoelectric conversion element has a light intensity peak in a green wavelength region from 500 nm to 600 nm; and light incident on the third photoelectric conversion element has a light intensity peak in a red wavelength region of 600 nm or more. 5. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the set of microstructures is identical in all the spectroscopic elements included in the two-dimensional spectroscopic element array. 6. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein:
a direction of the set of microstructures of the adjacent spectroscopic elements disposed along a first direction of the two-dimensional spectroscopic element array is alternately reversed; adjacent three consecutive pixels are disposed along the first direction; and on two pixels on outer sides among the three pixels adjacent along the first direction, any of the first to third deflected lights from the two spectroscopic elements adjacent along the first direction is incident. 7. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, further comprising, between the two-dimensional pixel array and the two-dimensional spectroscopic element array, a color filter array in which color filters of at least one type of:
a first color filter having a transmittance peak in a blue wavelength region of 500 nm or less; a second color filter having a transmittance peak in a green wavelength region from 500 nm to 600 nm; and a third color filter having a transmittance peak in a red wavelength region of 600 nm or more, are disposed in an array. 8. An image capture device, comprising:
the color image-capture element according to claim 1; an image capture optical system for forming an optical image on an image capture surface of the color image-capture element: and a signal processing unit that processes an electric signal output by the color image-capture element. | Provided is a highly-sensitive color image-capture element and an image capture device that can be simply manufactured, have little polarization dependency, and have micro-spectroscopic elements capable of separating incident light into three wavelength ranges integrated facing a two-dimensional pixel array. An image capture element 100 has a transparent layer 111 having a low refractive index made of SiO2 or the like and a plurality of micro-lenses 103 laminated on a two-dimensional pixel array in which pixels 102 each including a photoelectric conversion element are disposed in an array. Inside the transparent layer 111 having the low refractive index, micro-spectroscopic elements 101 composed of a plurality of microstructures having constant thickness (length in a direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional pixel array) formed of a material such as SiN having a higher refractive index than that of the transparent layer 111 is embedded.1. A color image-capture element, comprising:
a two-dimensional pixel array in which a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element are disposed on a substrate in a two-dimensional array; a transparent layer formed on the two-dimensional pixel array; and a two-dimensional spectroscopic element array in which a plurality of spectroscopic elements are disposed inside or on the transparent layer in a two-dimensional array, wherein each of the spectroscopic elements includes a set of microstructures composed of a plurality of microstructures formed of a material having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of the transparent layer, wherein the set of microstructures is composed of the plurality of microstructures that have equal length in a direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional pixel array but have a different shape in a horizontal direction with respect to the two-dimensional pixel array, and are disposed at intervals equal to or shorter than a wavelength of incident light, wherein at least part of light incident on the spectroscopic elements is separated into first to third deflected lights that have different propagation directions according to their respective wavelengths, and the lights are emitted from the spectroscopic elements, and enter the three respective pixels disposed consecutively in one direction of the two-dimensional pixel array. 2. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein each of the microstructures is a columnar structure, bottom and top surfaces of which structure have a shape of a four-fold rotational symmetry with a center as an axis of symmetry. 3. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein the first to third deflected lights are incident on first to third photoelectric conversion elements of adjacent three consecutive pixels, respectively. 4. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein when incident light is white light,
light incident on the first photoelectric conversion element has a light intensity peak in a blue wavelength region of 500 nm or less; light incident on the second photoelectric conversion element has a light intensity peak in a green wavelength region from 500 nm to 600 nm; and light incident on the third photoelectric conversion element has a light intensity peak in a red wavelength region of 600 nm or more. 5. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the set of microstructures is identical in all the spectroscopic elements included in the two-dimensional spectroscopic element array. 6. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, wherein:
a direction of the set of microstructures of the adjacent spectroscopic elements disposed along a first direction of the two-dimensional spectroscopic element array is alternately reversed; adjacent three consecutive pixels are disposed along the first direction; and on two pixels on outer sides among the three pixels adjacent along the first direction, any of the first to third deflected lights from the two spectroscopic elements adjacent along the first direction is incident. 7. The color image-capture element according to claim 1, further comprising, between the two-dimensional pixel array and the two-dimensional spectroscopic element array, a color filter array in which color filters of at least one type of:
a first color filter having a transmittance peak in a blue wavelength region of 500 nm or less; a second color filter having a transmittance peak in a green wavelength region from 500 nm to 600 nm; and a third color filter having a transmittance peak in a red wavelength region of 600 nm or more, are disposed in an array. 8. An image capture device, comprising:
the color image-capture element according to claim 1; an image capture optical system for forming an optical image on an image capture surface of the color image-capture element: and a signal processing unit that processes an electric signal output by the color image-capture element. | 3,600 |
345,957 | 16,804,384 | 3,696 | A disk device according to one embodiment includes a recording medium, a magnetic head, a wiring member, and a flexible printed circuit board. The magnetic head is configured to read/write information from/to the recording medium. The wiring member includes a plurality of first terminals, and a plurality of first wires that electrically connect the magnetic head to the first terminals. The flexible printed circuit board includes a surface, a plurality of second terminals located on the surface to be connected to the first terminals by means of a conductive adhesive, and a ground plane spaced apart from the second terminals in a direction along the surface. | 1. A disk device, comprising:
a recording medium; a magnetic head configured to read and write information from and to the recording medium; a wiring member comprising a plurality of first terminals, and a plurality of first wires that electrically connect the magnetic head and the plurality of first terminals; and a flexible printed circuit board comprising:
a surface,
a plurality of second terminals located on the surface to be connected to the plurality of first terminals by means of a conductive adhesive, and
a ground plane spaced apart from the plurality of second terminals in a direction along the surface. 2. The disk device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electronic component mounted on the flexible printed circuit board, wherein the flexible printed circuit board comprises:
a first part on which the plurality of second terminals are located, and
a second part on which the electronic component is mounted, and
the ground plane is located on the second part with spacing from the first part in the direction along the surface. 3. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include a plurality of first electrodes arranged at intervals in a first direction along the surface, the flexible printed circuit board is provided with a via hole, and a second wire that electrically connects the via hole and one of the plurality of first electrodes, and the via hole is located in the middle of two adjacent first electrodes among the plurality of first electrodes in the first direction. 4. The disk device according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include a plurality of second electrodes that are arranged at intervals in the first direction with spacing from the plurality of first electrodes in a second direction, the second direction being along the surface and intersecting the first direction, and the via hole is located in the middle of two adjacent first electrodes among the plurality of first electrodes in the first direction, in the middle of two adjacent second electrodes among the plurality of second electrodes in the first direction, and in the middle of the two adjacent first electrodes and the two adjacent second electrodes in the second direction. 5. The disk device according to claim 4,
wherein the second wire electrically connects the via hole and one of the plurality of first electrodes through a location closer to the plurality of second electrodes than a center between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes in the second direction. 6. The disk device according to claim 4,
wherein the flexible printed circuit board comprises a third part, a fourth part, and a plurality of third wires, the third part is provided with a plurality of via holes, and is located between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes in the second direction, the fourth part is spaced further from the third part than the plurality of first electrodes in the second direction, and the plurality of third wires are electrically connected to the plurality of via holes, extend in the first direction in the fourth part, and electrically connect a component mounted on the flexible printed circuit board and the plurality of via holes. 7. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include:
a plurality of first electrodes arranged at intervals in a first direction along the surface, and
a plurality of second electrodes arranged at intervals in the first direction with spacing from the plurality of first electrodes in a second direction, the second direction being along the surface and intersecting the first direction,
the flexible printed circuit board is provided with a via hole, and a second wire that electrically connects the via hole and one of the plurality of first electrodes, two of the plurality of first electrodes are adjacent to each other at a first interval, another two of the plurality of first electrodes are adjacent to each other at a second interval longer than the first interval, two of the plurality of second electrodes are adjacent to each other at a third interval, another two of the plurality of second electrodes are adjacent to each other at a fourth interval longer than the third interval, and the via hole is located between the two adjacent first electrodes at the second interval and between the two adjacent second electrodes at the fourth interval in the first direction. 8. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of first terminals and the plurality of second terminals are configured to transmit a differential signal. 9. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible printed circuit board includes a conductive layer, and the conductive layer is spaced apart from one of the plurality of second terminals in the direction along the surface, and covers another one of the plurality of second terminals in the direction orthogonal to the surface. 10. The disk device according to claim 9,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include an inner terminal, and an outer terminal located closer to an edge of the flexible printed circuit board than the inner terminal, and the conductive layer is spaced apart from the inner terminal in the direction along the surface, and covers the outer terminal in the direction orthogonal to the surface. 11. The disk device according to claim 9,
wherein the conductive layer is electrically connected to the ground plane. 12. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible printed circuit board includes a thermal insulation layer, and the thermal insulation layer is spaced apart from one of the plurality of second terminals in the direction along the surface, and covers another one of the plurality of second terminals in the direction orthogonal to the surface. 13. The disk device according to claim 12,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include an inner terminal, and an outer terminal located closer to an edge of the flexible printed circuit board than the inner terminal, and the thermal insulation layer is spaced apart from the inner terminal in the direction along the surface, and covers the outer terminal in the direction orthogonal to the surface. | A disk device according to one embodiment includes a recording medium, a magnetic head, a wiring member, and a flexible printed circuit board. The magnetic head is configured to read/write information from/to the recording medium. The wiring member includes a plurality of first terminals, and a plurality of first wires that electrically connect the magnetic head to the first terminals. The flexible printed circuit board includes a surface, a plurality of second terminals located on the surface to be connected to the first terminals by means of a conductive adhesive, and a ground plane spaced apart from the second terminals in a direction along the surface.1. A disk device, comprising:
a recording medium; a magnetic head configured to read and write information from and to the recording medium; a wiring member comprising a plurality of first terminals, and a plurality of first wires that electrically connect the magnetic head and the plurality of first terminals; and a flexible printed circuit board comprising:
a surface,
a plurality of second terminals located on the surface to be connected to the plurality of first terminals by means of a conductive adhesive, and
a ground plane spaced apart from the plurality of second terminals in a direction along the surface. 2. The disk device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electronic component mounted on the flexible printed circuit board, wherein the flexible printed circuit board comprises:
a first part on which the plurality of second terminals are located, and
a second part on which the electronic component is mounted, and
the ground plane is located on the second part with spacing from the first part in the direction along the surface. 3. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include a plurality of first electrodes arranged at intervals in a first direction along the surface, the flexible printed circuit board is provided with a via hole, and a second wire that electrically connects the via hole and one of the plurality of first electrodes, and the via hole is located in the middle of two adjacent first electrodes among the plurality of first electrodes in the first direction. 4. The disk device according to claim 3,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include a plurality of second electrodes that are arranged at intervals in the first direction with spacing from the plurality of first electrodes in a second direction, the second direction being along the surface and intersecting the first direction, and the via hole is located in the middle of two adjacent first electrodes among the plurality of first electrodes in the first direction, in the middle of two adjacent second electrodes among the plurality of second electrodes in the first direction, and in the middle of the two adjacent first electrodes and the two adjacent second electrodes in the second direction. 5. The disk device according to claim 4,
wherein the second wire electrically connects the via hole and one of the plurality of first electrodes through a location closer to the plurality of second electrodes than a center between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes in the second direction. 6. The disk device according to claim 4,
wherein the flexible printed circuit board comprises a third part, a fourth part, and a plurality of third wires, the third part is provided with a plurality of via holes, and is located between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes in the second direction, the fourth part is spaced further from the third part than the plurality of first electrodes in the second direction, and the plurality of third wires are electrically connected to the plurality of via holes, extend in the first direction in the fourth part, and electrically connect a component mounted on the flexible printed circuit board and the plurality of via holes. 7. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include:
a plurality of first electrodes arranged at intervals in a first direction along the surface, and
a plurality of second electrodes arranged at intervals in the first direction with spacing from the plurality of first electrodes in a second direction, the second direction being along the surface and intersecting the first direction,
the flexible printed circuit board is provided with a via hole, and a second wire that electrically connects the via hole and one of the plurality of first electrodes, two of the plurality of first electrodes are adjacent to each other at a first interval, another two of the plurality of first electrodes are adjacent to each other at a second interval longer than the first interval, two of the plurality of second electrodes are adjacent to each other at a third interval, another two of the plurality of second electrodes are adjacent to each other at a fourth interval longer than the third interval, and the via hole is located between the two adjacent first electrodes at the second interval and between the two adjacent second electrodes at the fourth interval in the first direction. 8. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of first terminals and the plurality of second terminals are configured to transmit a differential signal. 9. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible printed circuit board includes a conductive layer, and the conductive layer is spaced apart from one of the plurality of second terminals in the direction along the surface, and covers another one of the plurality of second terminals in the direction orthogonal to the surface. 10. The disk device according to claim 9,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include an inner terminal, and an outer terminal located closer to an edge of the flexible printed circuit board than the inner terminal, and the conductive layer is spaced apart from the inner terminal in the direction along the surface, and covers the outer terminal in the direction orthogonal to the surface. 11. The disk device according to claim 9,
wherein the conductive layer is electrically connected to the ground plane. 12. The disk device according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible printed circuit board includes a thermal insulation layer, and the thermal insulation layer is spaced apart from one of the plurality of second terminals in the direction along the surface, and covers another one of the plurality of second terminals in the direction orthogonal to the surface. 13. The disk device according to claim 12,
wherein the plurality of second terminals include an inner terminal, and an outer terminal located closer to an edge of the flexible printed circuit board than the inner terminal, and the thermal insulation layer is spaced apart from the inner terminal in the direction along the surface, and covers the outer terminal in the direction orthogonal to the surface. | 3,600 |
345,958 | 16,804,405 | 3,696 | A comfortable fabric with a strong three-dimensional effect is woven from warps and wefts. The warps and the wefts are woven into a 1/1 pattern, wherein the warp density is 11 threads/cm and the weft density is 10 threads/cm. The warps and the wefts each include a cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarn that comprises two different polyester yarns which can be dyed with two different colors. The warps and wefts comprise big-belly yarns and the cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns. The resulting fabric has protruding patterns, a strong three-dimensional effect, good air permeability, a rough fee to the touch, and a unique aesthetic appearance. | 1. A fabric comprising warps and wefts that are woven into a 1/1 pattern having a warp density of 11 threads/cm and a weft density of 10 threads/cm, wherein the warps and the wefts each comprise a cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarn, and the cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarn comprises two different polyester yarns that are dyed with two different colors. 2. The fabric of claim 1 having a weight of 205 grams per square meter. 3. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the warps comprise 780 D cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns, wherein polyester accounts for 100%. 4. The fabric of claim 2, wherein the warps comprise 780 D cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns, wherein polyester accounts for 100%. 5. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the wefts comprise 780 D cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns and big-belly yarns, wherein polyester accounts for 100%. 6. The fabric of claim 2, wherein the wefts comprise 780 D cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns and big-belly yarns, wherein polyester accounts for 100%. 7. The fabric of claim 1, further comprising a back surface having a needle punch foam stabilizing coating. 8. The fabric of claim 2, further comprising a back surface having a needle punch foam stabilizing coating. 9. A fabric comprising warps and wefts that are woven into a 1/1 pattern having a warp density of 11 threads/cm and a weft density of 10 threads/cm, wherein the warps comprise only cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns, and wherein the wefts comprise a combination of the cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns and one or more big-belly yarns. 10. The fabric of claim 9, wherein cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns comprise a first yarn dyed with a first color and a second yarn dyed with a second color, wherein the first color is different from the second color. 11. The fabric of claim 9 having a weight of 205 grams per square meter. | A comfortable fabric with a strong three-dimensional effect is woven from warps and wefts. The warps and the wefts are woven into a 1/1 pattern, wherein the warp density is 11 threads/cm and the weft density is 10 threads/cm. The warps and the wefts each include a cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarn that comprises two different polyester yarns which can be dyed with two different colors. The warps and wefts comprise big-belly yarns and the cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns. The resulting fabric has protruding patterns, a strong three-dimensional effect, good air permeability, a rough fee to the touch, and a unique aesthetic appearance.1. A fabric comprising warps and wefts that are woven into a 1/1 pattern having a warp density of 11 threads/cm and a weft density of 10 threads/cm, wherein the warps and the wefts each comprise a cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarn, and the cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarn comprises two different polyester yarns that are dyed with two different colors. 2. The fabric of claim 1 having a weight of 205 grams per square meter. 3. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the warps comprise 780 D cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns, wherein polyester accounts for 100%. 4. The fabric of claim 2, wherein the warps comprise 780 D cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns, wherein polyester accounts for 100%. 5. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the wefts comprise 780 D cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns and big-belly yarns, wherein polyester accounts for 100%. 6. The fabric of claim 2, wherein the wefts comprise 780 D cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns and big-belly yarns, wherein polyester accounts for 100%. 7. The fabric of claim 1, further comprising a back surface having a needle punch foam stabilizing coating. 8. The fabric of claim 2, further comprising a back surface having a needle punch foam stabilizing coating. 9. A fabric comprising warps and wefts that are woven into a 1/1 pattern having a warp density of 11 threads/cm and a weft density of 10 threads/cm, wherein the warps comprise only cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns, and wherein the wefts comprise a combination of the cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns and one or more big-belly yarns. 10. The fabric of claim 9, wherein cationic dyeable polyester hollow yarns comprise a first yarn dyed with a first color and a second yarn dyed with a second color, wherein the first color is different from the second color. 11. The fabric of claim 9 having a weight of 205 grams per square meter. | 3,600 |
345,959 | 16,804,380 | 3,696 | This disclosure relates to the field of corporate communications and personnel development through a system and method for automatically and optimally matching a mentor and a mentee, taking the diverse backgrounds, levels of experience and personal development goals in optimizing the match. | 1. A computerized system for matching sponsors and sponsorees within an organization, said system comprising:
one or more communicatively coupled computer processors, said one or more computer processors forming a computer system configured to perform the steps of: receiving, at said computer system, a request from a sponsor or sponsoree for inclusion in said matching system; collecting information about said sponsor or sponsoree, including name, position, authorization code, address, email and/or telephone number; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsor; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsoree; calculating the Direct Match (DM) and Indirect Match (IM) percentage of each Sponsor (DMS/IMS) match and for each Sponsoree (DME/IME); and automatically connecting the top matches to each other. 2. the system of claim 1 wherein;
the direct match percentage for Sponsoree (DME) is calculated as:
DM E=(N E /D X)*100;
and the direct match percentage for Sponsor (DMS) is calculated as:
DM S=(N S /D X)*100;
where NS is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsor, NE is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsoree, DS is the number of answers provided by Sponsor, DE is the number of answers provided by Sponsoree and wherein Dx is the same as DS and DE; and
the indirect match percentage is calculated as;
IM E=(N E /D X)*100
IM S=(N S /D X)*100
for the Sponsoree (IME) or Sponsor (IMS) and calculated the same as above (for either Sponsor or Sponsoree), but since and DS and DE are not the same, the largest is selected as DX. 3. A method for matching sponsors and sponsorees by a computer system within an organization, said method comprising:
providing one or more communicatively coupled computer processors, said one or more computer processors forming a computer system configured to perform the steps of: receiving, at said computer system, a request from a sponsor or sponsoree for inclusion in said matching system; collecting information about said sponsor or sponsoree, including name, position, authorization code, address, email and/or telephone number; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsor; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsoree; calculating the Direct Match (DM) and Indirect Match (IM) percentage of each Sponsor (DMS/IMS) match and for each Sponsoree (DME/IME); and automatically connecting the top matches to each other. 4. the method of claim 3 wherein;
the direct match percentage for Sponsoree (DME) is calculated as:
DM E=(N E /D X)*100;
and the direct match percentage for the Sponsor (DMS) is calculated as:
DM S=(N S /D X)*100;
where NS is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsor, NE is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsoree, DS is the number of answers provided by Sponsor, DE is the number of answers provided by Sponsoree and wherein Dx is the same as DS and DE; and
the indirect match percentage is calculated as;
IM E=(N E /D X)*100
IM S=(N S /D X)*100
for the Sponsoree (IME) or Sponsor (IMS) and calculated the same as above (for either Sponsor or Sponsoree), but since and DS and DE are not the same, the largest is selected as DX. 5. A non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying a program executable in at least one computing device, the program, when executed, causing the at least one computing device to at least:
one or more communicatively coupled computer processors, said one or more computer processors forming a computer system configured to perform the steps of: receiving, at said computer system, a request from a sponsor or sponsoree for inclusion in said matching system; collecting information about said sponsor or sponsoree, including name, position, authorization code, address, email and/or telephone number; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsor; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsoree; calculating the Direct Match (DM) and Indirect Match (IM) percentage of each Sponsor (DMS/IMS) match and for each Sponsoree (DME/IME); and automatically connecting the top matches to each other. 6. the non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying a program executable in at least one computing device of claim 5 wherein;
the direct match percentage for Sponsoree (DME) is calculated as:
DM E=(N E /D X)*100;
and the direct match percentage for the Sponsor (DMS) is calculated as:
DM S=(N S /D X)*100;
where NS is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsor, NE is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsoree, DS is the number of answers provided by Sponsor, DE is the number of answers provided by Sponsoree and wherein Dx is the same as DS and DE; and
the indirect match percentage is calculated as;
IM E=(N E /D X)*100
IM S=(N S /D X)*100
for the Sponsoree (IME) or Sponsor (IMS) and calculated the same as above (for either Sponsor or Sponsoree), but since and DS and DE are not the same, the largest is selected as DX. | This disclosure relates to the field of corporate communications and personnel development through a system and method for automatically and optimally matching a mentor and a mentee, taking the diverse backgrounds, levels of experience and personal development goals in optimizing the match.1. A computerized system for matching sponsors and sponsorees within an organization, said system comprising:
one or more communicatively coupled computer processors, said one or more computer processors forming a computer system configured to perform the steps of: receiving, at said computer system, a request from a sponsor or sponsoree for inclusion in said matching system; collecting information about said sponsor or sponsoree, including name, position, authorization code, address, email and/or telephone number; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsor; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsoree; calculating the Direct Match (DM) and Indirect Match (IM) percentage of each Sponsor (DMS/IMS) match and for each Sponsoree (DME/IME); and automatically connecting the top matches to each other. 2. the system of claim 1 wherein;
the direct match percentage for Sponsoree (DME) is calculated as:
DM E=(N E /D X)*100;
and the direct match percentage for Sponsor (DMS) is calculated as:
DM S=(N S /D X)*100;
where NS is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsor, NE is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsoree, DS is the number of answers provided by Sponsor, DE is the number of answers provided by Sponsoree and wherein Dx is the same as DS and DE; and
the indirect match percentage is calculated as;
IM E=(N E /D X)*100
IM S=(N S /D X)*100
for the Sponsoree (IME) or Sponsor (IMS) and calculated the same as above (for either Sponsor or Sponsoree), but since and DS and DE are not the same, the largest is selected as DX. 3. A method for matching sponsors and sponsorees by a computer system within an organization, said method comprising:
providing one or more communicatively coupled computer processors, said one or more computer processors forming a computer system configured to perform the steps of: receiving, at said computer system, a request from a sponsor or sponsoree for inclusion in said matching system; collecting information about said sponsor or sponsoree, including name, position, authorization code, address, email and/or telephone number; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsor; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsoree; calculating the Direct Match (DM) and Indirect Match (IM) percentage of each Sponsor (DMS/IMS) match and for each Sponsoree (DME/IME); and automatically connecting the top matches to each other. 4. the method of claim 3 wherein;
the direct match percentage for Sponsoree (DME) is calculated as:
DM E=(N E /D X)*100;
and the direct match percentage for the Sponsor (DMS) is calculated as:
DM S=(N S /D X)*100;
where NS is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsor, NE is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsoree, DS is the number of answers provided by Sponsor, DE is the number of answers provided by Sponsoree and wherein Dx is the same as DS and DE; and
the indirect match percentage is calculated as;
IM E=(N E /D X)*100
IM S=(N S /D X)*100
for the Sponsoree (IME) or Sponsor (IMS) and calculated the same as above (for either Sponsor or Sponsoree), but since and DS and DE are not the same, the largest is selected as DX. 5. A non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying a program executable in at least one computing device, the program, when executed, causing the at least one computing device to at least:
one or more communicatively coupled computer processors, said one or more computer processors forming a computer system configured to perform the steps of: receiving, at said computer system, a request from a sponsor or sponsoree for inclusion in said matching system; collecting information about said sponsor or sponsoree, including name, position, authorization code, address, email and/or telephone number; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsor; acquiring one or more answers to a set of questions from a sponsoree; calculating the Direct Match (DM) and Indirect Match (IM) percentage of each Sponsor (DMS/IMS) match and for each Sponsoree (DME/IME); and automatically connecting the top matches to each other. 6. the non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying a program executable in at least one computing device of claim 5 wherein;
the direct match percentage for Sponsoree (DME) is calculated as:
DM E=(N E /D X)*100;
and the direct match percentage for the Sponsor (DMS) is calculated as:
DM S=(N S /D X)*100;
where NS is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsor, NE is the number of answers chosen/provided by the Sponsoree, DS is the number of answers provided by Sponsor, DE is the number of answers provided by Sponsoree and wherein Dx is the same as DS and DE; and
the indirect match percentage is calculated as;
IM E=(N E /D X)*100
IM S=(N S /D X)*100
for the Sponsoree (IME) or Sponsor (IMS) and calculated the same as above (for either Sponsor or Sponsoree), but since and DS and DE are not the same, the largest is selected as DX. | 3,600 |
345,960 | 16,804,373 | 3,696 | An approach is provided for accessing and managing data from multiple heterogeneous data sources, processing the data to generate processing results, and providing user access to the processing results via a portal. The portal provides unified intelligent views of the processing results across the heterogeneous data sources, providing a single source of facts and trends. Embodiments include controlling user access to the views based upon user credentials. | 1. A computing device comprising:
one or more processors; one or more memories; and an intelligent data management application executing on the computing device and being configured to:
retrieve source data from a plurality of heterogeneous data sources via one or more computer networks, wherein each data source, from the plurality of data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API),
process the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources to generate processing results, and
provide at least a subset of the processing results to a client device via one or more computer networks. 2. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein:
each heterogenous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API), and retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources includes generating and transmitting, to each heterogeneous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, one or more commands that conform to the API of the heterogenous data source. 3. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein:
retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources is performed using Robotic Performance Automation (RPA) by invoking an RPA process that generates an action list of user input via the user interface of the computing device and then executes the action list. 4. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein the intelligent data management application is further configured to use conversion/transformation data to convert the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources into one or more specified data types. 5. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources includes sales activity data, analyst activity data, operational performance data, and financial performance data, and the processing results comprise analytic reporting data that includes analytics data, sales data, operational data, and financial data. 6. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein the intelligent data management application is further configured:
receive, from a first user of a client device, a request to access the processing results, determine, based upon user credentials of the first user, one or more views of the processing results that the user is authorized to access, wherein a view of the processing results comprises a subset of the processing results, causing the one or more views of the processing results that the user is authorized to access to be presented to the first user via a user interface of the client device. 7. The computing device as recited in claim 6, wherein the one or more views of the processing results comprise changes in processing results over time. 8. The computing device as recited in claim 6, wherein the one or more views of the processing results comprise benchmarking results for a Service Level Agreement (SLA). 9. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions which, when processed by one or more processors, cause:
an intelligent data management application executing on a computing device to: retrieve source data from a plurality of heterogeneous data sources via one or more computer networks, wherein each data source, from the plurality of data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API), process the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources to generate processing results, and provide at least a subset of the processing results to a client device via one or more computer networks. 10. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein:
each heterogenous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API), and retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources includes generating and transmitting, to each heterogeneous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, one or more commands that conform to the API of the heterogenous data source. 11. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein:
retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources is performed using Robotic Performance Automation (RPA) by invoking an RPA process that generates an action list of user input via the user interface of the computing device and then executes the action list. 12. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein processing of the instructions further causes the intelligent data management application to use conversion/transformation data to convert the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources into one or more specified data types. 13. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein:
the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources includes sales activity data, analyst activity data, operational performance data, and financial performance data, and the processing results comprise analytic reporting data that includes analytics data, sales data, operational data, and financial data. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein processing of the instructions further causes the intelligent data management application to:
receive, from a first user of a client device, a request to access the processing results, determine, based upon user credentials of the first user, one or more views of the processing results that the user is authorized to access, wherein a view of the processing results comprises a subset of the processing results, causing the one or more views of the processing results that the user is authorized to access to be presented to the first user via a user interface of the client device. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 14, wherein the one or more views of the processing results comprise changes in processing results over time. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 14, wherein the one or more views of the processing results comprise benchmarking results for a Service Level Agreement (SLA). 17. A computer-implemented method comprising:
an intelligent data management application executing on a computing device:
retrieving source data from a plurality of heterogeneous data sources via one or more computer networks, wherein each data source, from the plurality of data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API),
processing the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources to generate processing results, and
providing at least a subset of the processing results to a client device via one or more computer networks. 18. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 17, wherein:
each heterogenous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API), and retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources includes generating and transmitting, to each heterogeneous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, one or more commands that conform to the API of the heterogenous data source. 19. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 17, wherein:
retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources is performed using Robotic Performance Automation (RPA) by invoking an RPA process that generates an action list of user input via the user interface of the computing device and then executes the action list. 20. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 17, further comprising the intelligent data management application using conversion/transformation data to convert the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources into one or more specified data types. | An approach is provided for accessing and managing data from multiple heterogeneous data sources, processing the data to generate processing results, and providing user access to the processing results via a portal. The portal provides unified intelligent views of the processing results across the heterogeneous data sources, providing a single source of facts and trends. Embodiments include controlling user access to the views based upon user credentials.1. A computing device comprising:
one or more processors; one or more memories; and an intelligent data management application executing on the computing device and being configured to:
retrieve source data from a plurality of heterogeneous data sources via one or more computer networks, wherein each data source, from the plurality of data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API),
process the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources to generate processing results, and
provide at least a subset of the processing results to a client device via one or more computer networks. 2. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein:
each heterogenous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API), and retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources includes generating and transmitting, to each heterogeneous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, one or more commands that conform to the API of the heterogenous data source. 3. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein:
retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources is performed using Robotic Performance Automation (RPA) by invoking an RPA process that generates an action list of user input via the user interface of the computing device and then executes the action list. 4. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein the intelligent data management application is further configured to use conversion/transformation data to convert the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources into one or more specified data types. 5. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources includes sales activity data, analyst activity data, operational performance data, and financial performance data, and the processing results comprise analytic reporting data that includes analytics data, sales data, operational data, and financial data. 6. The computing device as recited in claim 1, wherein the intelligent data management application is further configured:
receive, from a first user of a client device, a request to access the processing results, determine, based upon user credentials of the first user, one or more views of the processing results that the user is authorized to access, wherein a view of the processing results comprises a subset of the processing results, causing the one or more views of the processing results that the user is authorized to access to be presented to the first user via a user interface of the client device. 7. The computing device as recited in claim 6, wherein the one or more views of the processing results comprise changes in processing results over time. 8. The computing device as recited in claim 6, wherein the one or more views of the processing results comprise benchmarking results for a Service Level Agreement (SLA). 9. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions which, when processed by one or more processors, cause:
an intelligent data management application executing on a computing device to: retrieve source data from a plurality of heterogeneous data sources via one or more computer networks, wherein each data source, from the plurality of data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API), process the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources to generate processing results, and provide at least a subset of the processing results to a client device via one or more computer networks. 10. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein:
each heterogenous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API), and retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources includes generating and transmitting, to each heterogeneous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, one or more commands that conform to the API of the heterogenous data source. 11. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein:
retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources is performed using Robotic Performance Automation (RPA) by invoking an RPA process that generates an action list of user input via the user interface of the computing device and then executes the action list. 12. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein processing of the instructions further causes the intelligent data management application to use conversion/transformation data to convert the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources into one or more specified data types. 13. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein:
the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources includes sales activity data, analyst activity data, operational performance data, and financial performance data, and the processing results comprise analytic reporting data that includes analytics data, sales data, operational data, and financial data. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 9, wherein processing of the instructions further causes the intelligent data management application to:
receive, from a first user of a client device, a request to access the processing results, determine, based upon user credentials of the first user, one or more views of the processing results that the user is authorized to access, wherein a view of the processing results comprises a subset of the processing results, causing the one or more views of the processing results that the user is authorized to access to be presented to the first user via a user interface of the client device. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 14, wherein the one or more views of the processing results comprise changes in processing results over time. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media as recited in claim 14, wherein the one or more views of the processing results comprise benchmarking results for a Service Level Agreement (SLA). 17. A computer-implemented method comprising:
an intelligent data management application executing on a computing device:
retrieving source data from a plurality of heterogeneous data sources via one or more computer networks, wherein each data source, from the plurality of data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API),
processing the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources to generate processing results, and
providing at least a subset of the processing results to a client device via one or more computer networks. 18. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 17, wherein:
each heterogenous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, supports a different Application Program Interface (API), and retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources includes generating and transmitting, to each heterogeneous data source, from the plurality of heterogenous data sources, one or more commands that conform to the API of the heterogenous data source. 19. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 17, wherein:
retrieving the source data from the plurality of heterogenous data sources is performed using Robotic Performance Automation (RPA) by invoking an RPA process that generates an action list of user input via the user interface of the computing device and then executes the action list. 20. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 17, further comprising the intelligent data management application using conversion/transformation data to convert the source data from the plurality of heterogeneous data sources into one or more specified data types. | 3,600 |
345,961 | 16,804,346 | 3,696 | According to one embodiment, an information processing apparatus include following units. The first acquisition unit acquires speech data including frames. The second acquisition unit acquires a model trained to, upon input of a feature amount extracted from the speech data, output information indicative of likelihood of each of a plurality of classes including a component of a keyword and a component of background noise. The first calculation unit calculates a keyword score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the keyword. The second calculation unit calculates a background noise score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the background noise. The determination unit determines whether or not the speech data includes the keyword. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a first acquisition unit configured to acquire speech data including a plurality of frames; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire a model trained to, upon input of a feature amount extracted from the speech data, output information indicative of likelihood of each of a plurality of classes including a component of a keyword and a component of background noise other than the keyword; a first calculation unit configured to calculate a keyword score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the keyword, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; a second calculation unit configured to calculate a background noise score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the background noise, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; and a determination unit configured to determine whether or not the speech data includes the keyword based on the keyword score, the background noise score, and a threshold. 2. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a first acquisition unit configured to acquire speech data including a plurality of frames; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire a model trained to, upon input of a feature amount extracted from the speech data, output information indicative of likelihood of each of a plurality of classes including a component of a keyword and a component of background noise other than the keyword; a first calculation unit configured to calculate a keyword score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the keyword, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; a second calculation unit configured to determine whether or not the speech data includes a candidate for the keyword based on the keyword score and a first threshold, and if the speech data is determined to include the candidate for the keyword, calculate a background noise score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the background noise, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames corresponding to the candidate for the keyword and inputting the feature amount to the model; and a determination unit configured to determine whether or not the speech data includes the keyword based on at least the background noise score and a second threshold. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the information includes correspondence between a phoneme as the component of the keyword and a first Hidden Markov Model, and correspondence between a phoneme as the component of the background noise and a second Hidden Markov Model. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in calculating the keyword score, the first calculation unit calculates occurrence probability of correspondence between a phoneme as the component of the keyword and a Hidden Markov Model, and calculates a cumulative value of the occurrence probability of the correspondence by using Viterbi algorithm. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in calculating the background noise score, the second calculation unit calculates occurrence probability of correspondence between a phoneme as the component of the background noise and a Hidden Markov Model and calculates a cumulative value of the occurrence probability of the correspondence by using Viterbi algorithm. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if the keyword score is larger than a first threshold and the background noise score is smaller than a second threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if a difference between the keyword score and the background noise score is larger than a third threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if a ratio between the keyword score and the background noise score is larger than a fourth threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 9. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
if the keyword score is larger than the first threshold, the second calculation unit determines that the speech data includes the candidate for the keyword, and calculates the background noise score for the frames corresponding to the candidate for the keyword by using start information and end information of the candidate for the keyword, and if the background noise score is smaller than the second threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 10. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
if the keyword score is larger than the first threshold, the second calculation unit determines that the speech data includes the candidate for the keyword, and calculates the background noise score for the frames corresponding to the candidate for the keyword by using start information and end information of the candidate for the keyword, and if a difference between the keyword score and the background noise score is larger than a third threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 11. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
if the keyword score is larger than the first threshold, the second calculation unit determines that the speech data includes the candidate for the keyword, and calculates the background noise score for the frames corresponding to the candidate for the keyword by using start information and end information of the candidate for the keyword, and if a ratio between the keyword score and the background noise score is larger than a fourth threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the classes include a plurality of components of the background noise, and the second calculation unit calculates the background noise score for each of the plurality of components of the background noise in each of the frames. 13. An information processing method, performed by an information processing apparatus, the method comprising:
acquiring speech data including a plurality of frames; acquiring a model trained to, upon input of a feature amount extracted from the speech data, output information indicative of likelihood of each of a plurality of classes including a component of a keyword and a component of background noise other than the keyword; calculating a keyword score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the keyword, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; calculating a background noise score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the background noise, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; and determining whether or not the speech data includes the keyword based on the keyword score, the background noise score, and a threshold. | According to one embodiment, an information processing apparatus include following units. The first acquisition unit acquires speech data including frames. The second acquisition unit acquires a model trained to, upon input of a feature amount extracted from the speech data, output information indicative of likelihood of each of a plurality of classes including a component of a keyword and a component of background noise. The first calculation unit calculates a keyword score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the keyword. The second calculation unit calculates a background noise score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the background noise. The determination unit determines whether or not the speech data includes the keyword.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a first acquisition unit configured to acquire speech data including a plurality of frames; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire a model trained to, upon input of a feature amount extracted from the speech data, output information indicative of likelihood of each of a plurality of classes including a component of a keyword and a component of background noise other than the keyword; a first calculation unit configured to calculate a keyword score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the keyword, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; a second calculation unit configured to calculate a background noise score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the background noise, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; and a determination unit configured to determine whether or not the speech data includes the keyword based on the keyword score, the background noise score, and a threshold. 2. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a first acquisition unit configured to acquire speech data including a plurality of frames; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire a model trained to, upon input of a feature amount extracted from the speech data, output information indicative of likelihood of each of a plurality of classes including a component of a keyword and a component of background noise other than the keyword; a first calculation unit configured to calculate a keyword score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the keyword, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; a second calculation unit configured to determine whether or not the speech data includes a candidate for the keyword based on the keyword score and a first threshold, and if the speech data is determined to include the candidate for the keyword, calculate a background noise score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the background noise, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames corresponding to the candidate for the keyword and inputting the feature amount to the model; and a determination unit configured to determine whether or not the speech data includes the keyword based on at least the background noise score and a second threshold. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the information includes correspondence between a phoneme as the component of the keyword and a first Hidden Markov Model, and correspondence between a phoneme as the component of the background noise and a second Hidden Markov Model. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in calculating the keyword score, the first calculation unit calculates occurrence probability of correspondence between a phoneme as the component of the keyword and a Hidden Markov Model, and calculates a cumulative value of the occurrence probability of the correspondence by using Viterbi algorithm. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in calculating the background noise score, the second calculation unit calculates occurrence probability of correspondence between a phoneme as the component of the background noise and a Hidden Markov Model and calculates a cumulative value of the occurrence probability of the correspondence by using Viterbi algorithm. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if the keyword score is larger than a first threshold and the background noise score is smaller than a second threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if a difference between the keyword score and the background noise score is larger than a third threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if a ratio between the keyword score and the background noise score is larger than a fourth threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 9. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
if the keyword score is larger than the first threshold, the second calculation unit determines that the speech data includes the candidate for the keyword, and calculates the background noise score for the frames corresponding to the candidate for the keyword by using start information and end information of the candidate for the keyword, and if the background noise score is smaller than the second threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 10. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
if the keyword score is larger than the first threshold, the second calculation unit determines that the speech data includes the candidate for the keyword, and calculates the background noise score for the frames corresponding to the candidate for the keyword by using start information and end information of the candidate for the keyword, and if a difference between the keyword score and the background noise score is larger than a third threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 11. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
if the keyword score is larger than the first threshold, the second calculation unit determines that the speech data includes the candidate for the keyword, and calculates the background noise score for the frames corresponding to the candidate for the keyword by using start information and end information of the candidate for the keyword, and if a ratio between the keyword score and the background noise score is larger than a fourth threshold, the determination unit determines that the speech data includes the keyword. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the classes include a plurality of components of the background noise, and the second calculation unit calculates the background noise score for each of the plurality of components of the background noise in each of the frames. 13. An information processing method, performed by an information processing apparatus, the method comprising:
acquiring speech data including a plurality of frames; acquiring a model trained to, upon input of a feature amount extracted from the speech data, output information indicative of likelihood of each of a plurality of classes including a component of a keyword and a component of background noise other than the keyword; calculating a keyword score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the keyword, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; calculating a background noise score indicative of occurrence probability of the component of the background noise, based on the information output from the model, by extracting the feature amount for each of the frames of the speech data and inputting the feature amount to the model; and determining whether or not the speech data includes the keyword based on the keyword score, the background noise score, and a threshold. | 3,600 |
345,962 | 16,804,365 | 3,696 | A method of adjusting a distance between a first surgical rod and a second surgical rod includes providing a surgical rod connector having a housing with first and second ends and a longitudinal passage extending between the first end and the second end. The method also includes positioning the first surgical rod in the first end and positioning the second surgical rod in the second end. The method further includes mounting an anchor mechanism to the surgical rod connector and applying a force on the anchor mechanism and a corresponding force on one of the first and second surgical rods to distract the first and second surgical rods relative to one another. | 1. A surgical rod connector system comprising:
a surgical rod connector comprising:
a housing with first and second ends;
first and second sidewalls extending between the first and second ends;
a longitudinal passage extending between the first end and the second end and extending between the first and second sidewalls; and
an opening between the first and second sidewall in communication with the longitudinal passage; and
an anchor mechanism comprising:
first and second arms configured to engage the first and second sidewalls, respectively, of the surgical rod connector at one of a plurality of discrete positions spaced along the first and second sidewalls. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the surgical rod connector further comprises a plurality of slots disposed along the first and second sidewalls, the plurality of slots corresponding to the plurality of discrete positions. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of slots are located within a length of the opening. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of slots includes pairs of slots disposed opposite each other on opposite sidewalls. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the surgical rod connector further comprises first and second closure mechanisms located between the first and second ends and the opening, respectively. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the opening is located between the first and second closure mechanisms. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein:
the first and second closure mechanisms each comprises threaded set screws configured to be mounted within first and second apertures, respectively; and the housing further comprises first and second rod openings located proximate the first and second ends. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal passage is unobstructed along the length of the opening. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises a body, wherein the first and second arms are rotatably connected to the body. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein each of the first and second arms comprises:
a first end for engaging one of the slots; a second end; and a bore located between the first end and the second end for rotatably coupling each arm to the body. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises a locking mechanism configured to be rotated between the second ends to immobilize rotation of the first and second arms. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises a distracting member rotatable relative to the body along an arc at axis of rotation. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises an adjustment member configured to adjust a height of the distracting member relative to the axis of rotation. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the distracting member is insertable into the longitudinal passage through the opening. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein each of the second ends includes a pair of projections configured to be inserted into one of the plurality of slots. 16. An anchor mechanism for a surgical rod connector system, the anchor mechanism comprising:
an elongate body extending along a longitudinal axis; first and second arms rotatably coupled to the elongate body and configured to engage first and second sidewalls, respectively, of a surgical rod connector; and a locking mechanism configured to be rotated between the first and second arms to selectively immobilize rotation of the first and second arms. 17. The anchor mechanism of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second arms comprises:
a first end for engaging one of the slots; a second end; and a bore located between the first end and the second end for rotatably coupling each arm to the body. 18. The anchor mechanism of claim 16, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises a distracting member rotatable relative to the body along an arc at an axis of rotation. 19. The anchor mechanism of claim 18, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises an adjustment member configured to adjust a height of the distracting member relative to the axis of rotation. 20. The anchor mechanism of claim 18, wherein the distracting member is insertable into the longitudinal passage through the opening. | A method of adjusting a distance between a first surgical rod and a second surgical rod includes providing a surgical rod connector having a housing with first and second ends and a longitudinal passage extending between the first end and the second end. The method also includes positioning the first surgical rod in the first end and positioning the second surgical rod in the second end. The method further includes mounting an anchor mechanism to the surgical rod connector and applying a force on the anchor mechanism and a corresponding force on one of the first and second surgical rods to distract the first and second surgical rods relative to one another.1. A surgical rod connector system comprising:
a surgical rod connector comprising:
a housing with first and second ends;
first and second sidewalls extending between the first and second ends;
a longitudinal passage extending between the first end and the second end and extending between the first and second sidewalls; and
an opening between the first and second sidewall in communication with the longitudinal passage; and
an anchor mechanism comprising:
first and second arms configured to engage the first and second sidewalls, respectively, of the surgical rod connector at one of a plurality of discrete positions spaced along the first and second sidewalls. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the surgical rod connector further comprises a plurality of slots disposed along the first and second sidewalls, the plurality of slots corresponding to the plurality of discrete positions. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of slots are located within a length of the opening. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of slots includes pairs of slots disposed opposite each other on opposite sidewalls. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the surgical rod connector further comprises first and second closure mechanisms located between the first and second ends and the opening, respectively. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the opening is located between the first and second closure mechanisms. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein:
the first and second closure mechanisms each comprises threaded set screws configured to be mounted within first and second apertures, respectively; and the housing further comprises first and second rod openings located proximate the first and second ends. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal passage is unobstructed along the length of the opening. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises a body, wherein the first and second arms are rotatably connected to the body. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein each of the first and second arms comprises:
a first end for engaging one of the slots; a second end; and a bore located between the first end and the second end for rotatably coupling each arm to the body. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises a locking mechanism configured to be rotated between the second ends to immobilize rotation of the first and second arms. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises a distracting member rotatable relative to the body along an arc at axis of rotation. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises an adjustment member configured to adjust a height of the distracting member relative to the axis of rotation. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the distracting member is insertable into the longitudinal passage through the opening. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein each of the second ends includes a pair of projections configured to be inserted into one of the plurality of slots. 16. An anchor mechanism for a surgical rod connector system, the anchor mechanism comprising:
an elongate body extending along a longitudinal axis; first and second arms rotatably coupled to the elongate body and configured to engage first and second sidewalls, respectively, of a surgical rod connector; and a locking mechanism configured to be rotated between the first and second arms to selectively immobilize rotation of the first and second arms. 17. The anchor mechanism of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second arms comprises:
a first end for engaging one of the slots; a second end; and a bore located between the first end and the second end for rotatably coupling each arm to the body. 18. The anchor mechanism of claim 16, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises a distracting member rotatable relative to the body along an arc at an axis of rotation. 19. The anchor mechanism of claim 18, wherein the anchor mechanism further comprises an adjustment member configured to adjust a height of the distracting member relative to the axis of rotation. 20. The anchor mechanism of claim 18, wherein the distracting member is insertable into the longitudinal passage through the opening. | 3,600 |
345,963 | 16,804,358 | 2,648 | Exemplary aspects are directed to FM-radio circuitries and systems in which, at the receiving end of an FM broadcast transmission, circuitry is used to set the bandwidth for receiving the desired channel of the FM broadcast signal based on measured signal properties of immediately-adjacent channel(s) and based on an inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel(s) and the amount for which the bandwidth is to be set. FM-signal processing circuitry such as logic/CPU circuitry, then receives the desired channel, including information carried by the FM broadcast signal, in response to setting the bandwidth based on the measured signal properties. | 1. A method comprising:
setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel of a frequency modulated (FM) broadcast signal based on measured signal properties of another channel that is immediately adjacent to the desired channel and based on an inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel and an amount for the setting of the bandwidth; and receiving the desired channel, including information carried by the FM broadcast signal, in response to setting the bandwidth based on the measured signal properties. 2. The method of claim 1, further including signal-processing circuitry measuring the signal properties including the indication of FM modulation level of the other channel. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal properties include an indication of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel and the amount is characterized in that: based on a relatively large indication of FM modulation level of the other channel, the step of setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel includes setting a relatively narrow bandwidth; and whereas based on a relatively small indication of FM modulation level of the other channel, the step of setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel includes setting a relatively wide bandwidth. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein setting a bandwidth includes accounting for the signal properties as a function of a selected maximum bandwidth minus: an amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel, as multiplied by an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein setting a bandwidth includes accounting for the signal properties as a function of a selected maximum bandwidth minus: an indication or function of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel, as multiplied by an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein setting a bandwidth includes accounting for the signal properties as a function of a selected maximum bandwidth minus a function of both: amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel, and an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel. 8. The method of claim 1, further including signal-processing circuitry measuring the signal properties as including one or more of the following: an indication of a measured amplitude of the other channel impacts spectrum corresponding to bandwidth control provided for the desired channel; an indication of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel; and a measured amplitude of the other channel. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of setting the bandwidth is performed by a FM radio receiver having circuitry which measures or estimates modulation of channels on each side of the desired channel. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of setting the bandwidth is performed by a FM radio receiver having circuitry which uses an amplitude of a possible-interfering channel regularly or continuously so as to provide an adaptive spectrum estimation. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal properties include an indication of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel, and wherein the step of setting the bandwidth is based on a limited range of the level difference, and thereby setting a maximum allowed bandwidth dependent on the range. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of setting the bandwidth is based on minimum upper bandwidth parameter and a minimum lower bandwidth parameter. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the FM broadcast signal is used in a European region. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the FM broadcast signal is used in a North American region. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the FM broadcast signal is used in a region of Asia. 16. An apparatus comprising:
circuitry to set a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel of a frequency modulated (FM) broadcast signal based on measured signal properties of another channel that is immediately adjacent to the desired channel and based on an inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel and an amount the bandwidth is to be set; and FM-signal processing circuitry to receive the desired channel, including information carried by the FM broadcast signal, in response to setting the bandwidth based on the measured signal properties. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel and the amount is characterized in that: based on a relatively large indication of FM modulation level of the other channel, the step of setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel includes setting a relatively narrow bandwidth; and whereas based on a relatively small indication of FM modulation level of the other channel, the step of setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel includes setting a relatively wide bandwidth. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, further including circuitry to measure and generate the measured signal properties of one channel or a pair of channels that is immediately adjacent to the desired channel. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, further including circuitry to measure the signal properties including an indication of a measured amplitude of the other channel impacting spectrum corresponding to bandwidth control provided for the desired channel; and wherein the circuitry to set a bandwidth accounts for measured signal properties of yet another channel that is immediately adjacent to and on another side of the desired channel. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, further including circuitry to measure the signal properties including at least two of the following: an indication of a measured amplitude of the other channel impacting spectrum corresponding to bandwidth control provided for the desired channel; an indication of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel; and a measured amplitude of the other channel. | Exemplary aspects are directed to FM-radio circuitries and systems in which, at the receiving end of an FM broadcast transmission, circuitry is used to set the bandwidth for receiving the desired channel of the FM broadcast signal based on measured signal properties of immediately-adjacent channel(s) and based on an inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel(s) and the amount for which the bandwidth is to be set. FM-signal processing circuitry such as logic/CPU circuitry, then receives the desired channel, including information carried by the FM broadcast signal, in response to setting the bandwidth based on the measured signal properties.1. A method comprising:
setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel of a frequency modulated (FM) broadcast signal based on measured signal properties of another channel that is immediately adjacent to the desired channel and based on an inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel and an amount for the setting of the bandwidth; and receiving the desired channel, including information carried by the FM broadcast signal, in response to setting the bandwidth based on the measured signal properties. 2. The method of claim 1, further including signal-processing circuitry measuring the signal properties including the indication of FM modulation level of the other channel. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal properties include an indication of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel and the amount is characterized in that: based on a relatively large indication of FM modulation level of the other channel, the step of setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel includes setting a relatively narrow bandwidth; and whereas based on a relatively small indication of FM modulation level of the other channel, the step of setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel includes setting a relatively wide bandwidth. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein setting a bandwidth includes accounting for the signal properties as a function of a selected maximum bandwidth minus: an amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel, as multiplied by an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein setting a bandwidth includes accounting for the signal properties as a function of a selected maximum bandwidth minus: an indication or function of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel, as multiplied by an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein setting a bandwidth includes accounting for the signal properties as a function of a selected maximum bandwidth minus a function of both: amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel, and an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel. 8. The method of claim 1, further including signal-processing circuitry measuring the signal properties as including one or more of the following: an indication of a measured amplitude of the other channel impacts spectrum corresponding to bandwidth control provided for the desired channel; an indication of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel; and a measured amplitude of the other channel. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of setting the bandwidth is performed by a FM radio receiver having circuitry which measures or estimates modulation of channels on each side of the desired channel. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of setting the bandwidth is performed by a FM radio receiver having circuitry which uses an amplitude of a possible-interfering channel regularly or continuously so as to provide an adaptive spectrum estimation. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal properties include an indication of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel and a measured amplitude of the other channel, and wherein the step of setting the bandwidth is based on a limited range of the level difference, and thereby setting a maximum allowed bandwidth dependent on the range. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of setting the bandwidth is based on minimum upper bandwidth parameter and a minimum lower bandwidth parameter. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the FM broadcast signal is used in a European region. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the FM broadcast signal is used in a North American region. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the FM broadcast signal is used in a region of Asia. 16. An apparatus comprising:
circuitry to set a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel of a frequency modulated (FM) broadcast signal based on measured signal properties of another channel that is immediately adjacent to the desired channel and based on an inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel and an amount the bandwidth is to be set; and FM-signal processing circuitry to receive the desired channel, including information carried by the FM broadcast signal, in response to setting the bandwidth based on the measured signal properties. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the inverse relationship between an indication of FM modulation level of the other channel and the amount is characterized in that: based on a relatively large indication of FM modulation level of the other channel, the step of setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel includes setting a relatively narrow bandwidth; and whereas based on a relatively small indication of FM modulation level of the other channel, the step of setting a bandwidth for receiving a desired channel includes setting a relatively wide bandwidth. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, further including circuitry to measure and generate the measured signal properties of one channel or a pair of channels that is immediately adjacent to the desired channel. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, further including circuitry to measure the signal properties including an indication of a measured amplitude of the other channel impacting spectrum corresponding to bandwidth control provided for the desired channel; and wherein the circuitry to set a bandwidth accounts for measured signal properties of yet another channel that is immediately adjacent to and on another side of the desired channel. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, further including circuitry to measure the signal properties including at least two of the following: an indication of a measured amplitude of the other channel impacting spectrum corresponding to bandwidth control provided for the desired channel; an indication of amplitude-level difference between a measured amplitude of the desired channel; and a measured amplitude of the other channel. | 2,600 |
345,964 | 16,804,418 | 3,632 | To provide a support for supporting a flexible component and a light-emitting device. A first substrate, a second substrate, a rack, a pinion, and a hinge are provided. When the second substrate is moved, the rotational force of the pinion is transmitted to the rack of the first substrate and thus the first substrate is moved in the horizontal direction while being overlapped with one of hinge pieces of the hinge; accordingly, the flexible component can be bent while the flexible component is fixed to the first substrate and the second substrate and the allowable curvature radius is maintained in the vicinity of the hinge. | 1. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate; a first hinge comprising a first hinge piece and a second hinge piece; and a flexible component, wherein the first hinge piece is fixed to a first side of the first substrate, wherein the second hinge piece is fixed to a first side of the second substrate, wherein a third side of the first substrate which is perpendicular to the first side of the first substrate and a third side of the second substrate which is perpendicular to the first side of the second substrate are the same length, wherein a second side of the first substrate is opposite of the first side of the first substrate, wherein a second side of the second substrate is opposite of the first side of the second substrate, wherein the flexible component is attached to the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein, when the light-emitting device is in a bent state, the first substrate overlaps with the second substrate and the second side of the second substrate is between the first side of the first substrate and the second side of the first substrate when seen from a direction which is perpendicular to a surface of the second substrate, and wherein, when the light-emitting device is in the bent state, the flexible component is between the first substrate and the second substrate. 2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein a first slide function is provided in the second hinge piece, and wherein the second substrate is configured to move in a horizontal direction with the first slide function. 3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first rack and a first pinion mechanically connected to each other, wherein the first hinge further comprises a first shaft, wherein the first rack is fixed to the first side of the second substrate, wherein a center of the first pinion is fixed to the first shaft, and wherein the first shaft is fixed to the first hinge piece. 4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are connected to each other with two sets of the first hinge. 5. The light-emitting device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a third substrate; and a second hinge comprising a third hinge piece and a fourth hinge piece, wherein the second substrate is fixed to the fourth hinge piece, and wherein the third substrate is connected to the third hinge piece so that the third substrate slides with respect to the third hinge piece when the third substrate is rotated with respect to the second substrate. 6. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate; a first hinge comprising a first hinge piece and a second hinge piece; and a flexible component, wherein the first hinge piece is fixed to a first side of the first substrate, wherein the second hinge piece is fixed to a first side of the second substrate, wherein a second side of the first substrate is opposite of the first side of the first substrate, wherein a second side of the second substrate is opposite of the first side of the second substrate, wherein the flexible component is attached to a first surface of the first substrate and a first surface of the second substrate, wherein, when the light-emitting device is in a bent state, the first substrate overlaps with the second substrate and the second side of the second substrate is between the first side of the first substrate and the second side of the first substrate when seen from a direction which is perpendicular to a surface of the second substrate, and wherein, when the light-emitting device is in the bent state, a second surface of the first substrate and a second surface of the second substrate face each other. 7. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, wherein a third side of the first substrate which is perpendicular to the first side of the first substrate and a third side of the second substrate which is perpendicular to the first side of the second substrate are the same length. 8. The light-emitting device according to claim 6,
wherein a first slide function is provided in the second hinge piece, and wherein the second substrate is configured to move in a horizontal direction with the first slide function. 9. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a first rack and a first pinion, wherein the first hinge further comprises a first shaft, wherein the first rack is fixed to the first side of the second substrate, wherein a center of the first pinion is fixed to the first shaft, and wherein the first shaft is fixed to the first hinge piece. 10. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a first rack; a first pinion; a second pinion; and an intermediate gear, wherein the first rack is fixed to a corner of the second substrate, wherein a center of the first pinion is fixed to a first shaft which is fixed to the second hinge piece, wherein a center of the second pinion is fixed to a second shaft which is fixed to the first hinge piece, wherein teeth of the first pinion and teeth of the second pinion engage with each other through the intermediate gear, wherein a center of the intermediate gear is fixed to a third shaft which is fixed to the second hinge piece, and wherein the first rack and the first pinion are mechanically connected to each other. | To provide a support for supporting a flexible component and a light-emitting device. A first substrate, a second substrate, a rack, a pinion, and a hinge are provided. When the second substrate is moved, the rotational force of the pinion is transmitted to the rack of the first substrate and thus the first substrate is moved in the horizontal direction while being overlapped with one of hinge pieces of the hinge; accordingly, the flexible component can be bent while the flexible component is fixed to the first substrate and the second substrate and the allowable curvature radius is maintained in the vicinity of the hinge.1. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate; a first hinge comprising a first hinge piece and a second hinge piece; and a flexible component, wherein the first hinge piece is fixed to a first side of the first substrate, wherein the second hinge piece is fixed to a first side of the second substrate, wherein a third side of the first substrate which is perpendicular to the first side of the first substrate and a third side of the second substrate which is perpendicular to the first side of the second substrate are the same length, wherein a second side of the first substrate is opposite of the first side of the first substrate, wherein a second side of the second substrate is opposite of the first side of the second substrate, wherein the flexible component is attached to the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein, when the light-emitting device is in a bent state, the first substrate overlaps with the second substrate and the second side of the second substrate is between the first side of the first substrate and the second side of the first substrate when seen from a direction which is perpendicular to a surface of the second substrate, and wherein, when the light-emitting device is in the bent state, the flexible component is between the first substrate and the second substrate. 2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein a first slide function is provided in the second hinge piece, and wherein the second substrate is configured to move in a horizontal direction with the first slide function. 3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first rack and a first pinion mechanically connected to each other, wherein the first hinge further comprises a first shaft, wherein the first rack is fixed to the first side of the second substrate, wherein a center of the first pinion is fixed to the first shaft, and wherein the first shaft is fixed to the first hinge piece. 4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are connected to each other with two sets of the first hinge. 5. The light-emitting device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a third substrate; and a second hinge comprising a third hinge piece and a fourth hinge piece, wherein the second substrate is fixed to the fourth hinge piece, and wherein the third substrate is connected to the third hinge piece so that the third substrate slides with respect to the third hinge piece when the third substrate is rotated with respect to the second substrate. 6. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate; a first hinge comprising a first hinge piece and a second hinge piece; and a flexible component, wherein the first hinge piece is fixed to a first side of the first substrate, wherein the second hinge piece is fixed to a first side of the second substrate, wherein a second side of the first substrate is opposite of the first side of the first substrate, wherein a second side of the second substrate is opposite of the first side of the second substrate, wherein the flexible component is attached to a first surface of the first substrate and a first surface of the second substrate, wherein, when the light-emitting device is in a bent state, the first substrate overlaps with the second substrate and the second side of the second substrate is between the first side of the first substrate and the second side of the first substrate when seen from a direction which is perpendicular to a surface of the second substrate, and wherein, when the light-emitting device is in the bent state, a second surface of the first substrate and a second surface of the second substrate face each other. 7. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, wherein a third side of the first substrate which is perpendicular to the first side of the first substrate and a third side of the second substrate which is perpendicular to the first side of the second substrate are the same length. 8. The light-emitting device according to claim 6,
wherein a first slide function is provided in the second hinge piece, and wherein the second substrate is configured to move in a horizontal direction with the first slide function. 9. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a first rack and a first pinion, wherein the first hinge further comprises a first shaft, wherein the first rack is fixed to the first side of the second substrate, wherein a center of the first pinion is fixed to the first shaft, and wherein the first shaft is fixed to the first hinge piece. 10. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, further comprising:
a first rack; a first pinion; a second pinion; and an intermediate gear, wherein the first rack is fixed to a corner of the second substrate, wherein a center of the first pinion is fixed to a first shaft which is fixed to the second hinge piece, wherein a center of the second pinion is fixed to a second shaft which is fixed to the first hinge piece, wherein teeth of the first pinion and teeth of the second pinion engage with each other through the intermediate gear, wherein a center of the intermediate gear is fixed to a third shaft which is fixed to the second hinge piece, and wherein the first rack and the first pinion are mechanically connected to each other. | 3,600 |
345,965 | 16,804,396 | 3,632 | A driving tool includes an electric motor, a battery mount that receives a battery for powering the electric motor, a flywheel that rotates by the electric motor, a magazine that loads a connected fastener rolled in a coil and including a plurality of fasteners temporarily connected in parallel, an impact driver that advances through a driving path with rotational power of the flywheel to drive the fasteners, and a feed mechanism that feeds the connected fastener by a pitch from the magazine toward the driving path. | 1. A driving tool, comprising:
an electric motor; a battery mount configured to receive a battery for powering the electric motor; a flywheel configured to rotate by the electric motor; a magazine configured to load a connected fastener rolled in a coil, the connected fastener including a plurality of fasteners temporarily connected in parallel; an impact driver configured to advance through a driving path with rotational power of the flywheel to drive the fasteners; and a feed mechanism configured to feed the connected fastener by a pitch from the magazine toward the driving path. 2. The driving tool according to claim 1, wherein
the feed mechanism includes a feed tab shiftable under gas pressure in a feed direction or in a reverse direction of the connected fastener. 3. The driving tool according to claim 2, further comprising:
an air generator configured to generate compressed air with advancement of the impact driver, wherein the feed tab is shiftable under gas pressure of the compressed air generated by the air generator. 4. The driving tool according to claim 3, wherein
the air generator includes a damper configured to limit advancement of the impact driver. 5. The driving tool according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electromagnetic actuator being a power source of the feed mechanism, wherein the feed mechanism includes a feed tab shiftable in a feed direction or a reverse direction of the connected fastener. 6. The driving tool according to claim 5, wherein
the feed mechanism transmits power of the electromagnetic actuator to the feed tab using fluid pressure. 7. The driving tool according to claim 1, wherein
the feed mechanism includes
a link member that is tiltable, and
a feed tab shiftable in a feed direction or in a reverse direction of the connected fastener when the link member tilts. 8. The driving tool according to claim 7, wherein
the link member operates in cooperation with the impact driver. 9. The driving tool according to claim 1, further comprising:
a feed motor being a driving source of the feed mechanism, wherein the feed mechanism includes a feed tab shiftable in a feed direction or in a reverse direction of the connected fastener. | A driving tool includes an electric motor, a battery mount that receives a battery for powering the electric motor, a flywheel that rotates by the electric motor, a magazine that loads a connected fastener rolled in a coil and including a plurality of fasteners temporarily connected in parallel, an impact driver that advances through a driving path with rotational power of the flywheel to drive the fasteners, and a feed mechanism that feeds the connected fastener by a pitch from the magazine toward the driving path.1. A driving tool, comprising:
an electric motor; a battery mount configured to receive a battery for powering the electric motor; a flywheel configured to rotate by the electric motor; a magazine configured to load a connected fastener rolled in a coil, the connected fastener including a plurality of fasteners temporarily connected in parallel; an impact driver configured to advance through a driving path with rotational power of the flywheel to drive the fasteners; and a feed mechanism configured to feed the connected fastener by a pitch from the magazine toward the driving path. 2. The driving tool according to claim 1, wherein
the feed mechanism includes a feed tab shiftable under gas pressure in a feed direction or in a reverse direction of the connected fastener. 3. The driving tool according to claim 2, further comprising:
an air generator configured to generate compressed air with advancement of the impact driver, wherein the feed tab is shiftable under gas pressure of the compressed air generated by the air generator. 4. The driving tool according to claim 3, wherein
the air generator includes a damper configured to limit advancement of the impact driver. 5. The driving tool according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electromagnetic actuator being a power source of the feed mechanism, wherein the feed mechanism includes a feed tab shiftable in a feed direction or a reverse direction of the connected fastener. 6. The driving tool according to claim 5, wherein
the feed mechanism transmits power of the electromagnetic actuator to the feed tab using fluid pressure. 7. The driving tool according to claim 1, wherein
the feed mechanism includes
a link member that is tiltable, and
a feed tab shiftable in a feed direction or in a reverse direction of the connected fastener when the link member tilts. 8. The driving tool according to claim 7, wherein
the link member operates in cooperation with the impact driver. 9. The driving tool according to claim 1, further comprising:
a feed motor being a driving source of the feed mechanism, wherein the feed mechanism includes a feed tab shiftable in a feed direction or in a reverse direction of the connected fastener. | 3,600 |
345,966 | 16,804,390 | 3,632 | A method for determining residue coverage within a field may include receiving, with one or more computing devices, first and second images of the field. The first image may depict a portion of the field at a first time during a crop-growing period and the second image may depict the portion of the field at a second time during the crop-growing period, with the first and second times being different. Furthermore, the method may include generating, with the one or more computing devices, an estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received first and second images. Additionally, the method may include generating, with the one or more computing devices, a prescription map for the field based on the estimated residue coverage map. | 1. A method for determining residue coverage within a field, the method comprising:
receiving, with one or more computing devices, first and second images of the field, the first image depicting a portion of the field at a first time during a crop-growing period, the second image depicting the portion of the field at a second time during the crop-growing period, the first and second times being different; generating, with the one or more computing devices, an estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received first and second images; and generating, with the one or more computing devices, a prescription map for the field based on the estimated residue coverage map. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generated prescription map specifies at least one of a tool depth, a tool angle, or a ground speed of the agricultural implement for a plurality of locations within the field. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein method further comprises:
controlling, with the one or more computing devices, an operation of an agricultural implement during a post-harvesting agricultural operation based on the generated prescription map. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the post-harvesting agricultural operation comprises a tillage operation. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, with the one or more computing devices, an input associated with a planting operation performed prior to the crop-growing period, and wherein generating the estimated residue coverage map comprises generating, with the one or more computing devices, the estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received input and the received first and second images. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein in the received input is indicative of at least one of a seed application rate or a fertilizer application rate. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second images depict crops present within the portion of the field. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second images depict a canopy growth of the crops present within the portion of the field. 9. A system for determining residue coverage within a field, the system comprising:
an imaging device configured to capture image data of the field during a crop-growing period; and a controller communicatively coupled to the imaging device, the controller configured to:
receive first and second images from the imaging device, the first image depicting a portion of the field at a first time during the crop-growing period, the second image depicting the portion of the field at a second time during the crop-growing period, the first and second times being different; and
generate an estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received first and second images. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to generate a prescription map for the field based on the estimated residue coverage map. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the generated prescription map specifies at least one of a tool depth, a tool angle, or a ground speed of the agricultural implement for a plurality of locations within the field. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to control an operation of an agricultural implement during a post-harvesting agricultural operation based on the generated prescription map. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the agricultural implement comprises a tillage implement. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the imaging device is positioned on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive an input associated with a planting operation performed prior to the crop-growing period; and generate the estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received input and the received first and second images. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein in the received input is indicative of at least one of a seed application rate or a fertilizer application rate. 17. The system of claim 9, wherein the first and second images depict crops present within the portion of the field. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first and second images depict a canopy growth of the crops present within the portion of the field. 19. The system of claim 9, wherein the imaging device comprises a camera. | A method for determining residue coverage within a field may include receiving, with one or more computing devices, first and second images of the field. The first image may depict a portion of the field at a first time during a crop-growing period and the second image may depict the portion of the field at a second time during the crop-growing period, with the first and second times being different. Furthermore, the method may include generating, with the one or more computing devices, an estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received first and second images. Additionally, the method may include generating, with the one or more computing devices, a prescription map for the field based on the estimated residue coverage map.1. A method for determining residue coverage within a field, the method comprising:
receiving, with one or more computing devices, first and second images of the field, the first image depicting a portion of the field at a first time during a crop-growing period, the second image depicting the portion of the field at a second time during the crop-growing period, the first and second times being different; generating, with the one or more computing devices, an estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received first and second images; and generating, with the one or more computing devices, a prescription map for the field based on the estimated residue coverage map. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generated prescription map specifies at least one of a tool depth, a tool angle, or a ground speed of the agricultural implement for a plurality of locations within the field. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein method further comprises:
controlling, with the one or more computing devices, an operation of an agricultural implement during a post-harvesting agricultural operation based on the generated prescription map. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the post-harvesting agricultural operation comprises a tillage operation. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, with the one or more computing devices, an input associated with a planting operation performed prior to the crop-growing period, and wherein generating the estimated residue coverage map comprises generating, with the one or more computing devices, the estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received input and the received first and second images. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein in the received input is indicative of at least one of a seed application rate or a fertilizer application rate. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second images depict crops present within the portion of the field. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second images depict a canopy growth of the crops present within the portion of the field. 9. A system for determining residue coverage within a field, the system comprising:
an imaging device configured to capture image data of the field during a crop-growing period; and a controller communicatively coupled to the imaging device, the controller configured to:
receive first and second images from the imaging device, the first image depicting a portion of the field at a first time during the crop-growing period, the second image depicting the portion of the field at a second time during the crop-growing period, the first and second times being different; and
generate an estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received first and second images. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to generate a prescription map for the field based on the estimated residue coverage map. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the generated prescription map specifies at least one of a tool depth, a tool angle, or a ground speed of the agricultural implement for a plurality of locations within the field. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to control an operation of an agricultural implement during a post-harvesting agricultural operation based on the generated prescription map. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the agricultural implement comprises a tillage implement. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the imaging device is positioned on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive an input associated with a planting operation performed prior to the crop-growing period; and generate the estimated residue coverage map for the field based on the received input and the received first and second images. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein in the received input is indicative of at least one of a seed application rate or a fertilizer application rate. 17. The system of claim 9, wherein the first and second images depict crops present within the portion of the field. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first and second images depict a canopy growth of the crops present within the portion of the field. 19. The system of claim 9, wherein the imaging device comprises a camera. | 3,600 |
345,967 | 16,804,407 | 3,632 | Techniques are disclosed relating to processing database transactions that include application operations defined by different object relational mapping (ORM) libraries. A transaction router module executing on a computer system receives, from an application, a request for a first database transaction, where the first database transaction includes first and second application operations. The transaction router module then translates the first application operation to one or more first database operations using a first ORM library and the second application operation to one or more second database operations using a second ORM library. Then, the transaction router module determines one or more database connections for the one or more first database operations and the one or more second database operations. Such techniques may advantageously allow applications to switch between using different persistence frameworks and message broker frameworks without substantial adjustments to application code. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, from an application by a transaction router module executing on a computer system, a request for a first database transaction, wherein the first database transaction includes first and second application operations; translating, by the transaction router module:
the first application operation to one or more first database operations using a first object relational mapping (ORM) library; and
the second application operation to one or more second database operations using a second ORM library; and
determining, by the transaction router module, one or more database connections for the one or more first database operations and the one or more second database operations. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
accessing, by the transaction router module, mapping information that specifies mappings between data sources and transaction manager modules in a set of transaction manager modules included in the transaction router module; and selecting, by the transaction router module, a transaction manager module to process the first database transaction based on a data source of the first database transaction and the mapping information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the selected transaction manager module accesses different data sources for the first and second database operations using database connections corresponding to the different data sources. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, by the transaction router module a configuration file that specifies one or more data sources accessed by the application; and generating, by the transaction router module based on the specified one or more data sources, the set of transaction manager modules and the mapping information. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein a first data source specified in the first database transaction is organized according to a first database schema, and wherein a second data source specified in the first database transaction is organized according to a second database schema. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein a first data source specified in the first database transaction is a first database and wherein a second data source specified in the first database transaction is a second, different database. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
processing, by the transaction router module using different threads, multiple requests for different database transactions that access different data sources, wherein the processing includes generating multiple transaction objects for the first database transaction. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the processing further includes:
accessing, by the transaction router module, different data sources for respective transaction objects initiated for the first database transaction. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the multiple requests for different database transactions are generated using different data access layer (DAL) application programming interfaces (APIs) that include different corresponding ORM libraries. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the transaction router module, transaction requests from first and second applications using different DAL APIs; determining, by the transaction router module for the first and second application, whether a first list of transaction manager modules is available to the applications; and accessing, by the transaction router module based on the determining, one of the first list of transaction manager modules and a second list of transaction manager modules. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from an application, a request for a first database transaction, wherein the first database transaction includes first and second application operations; translating:
the first application operation to one or more first database operations using a first object relational mapping (ORM) library; and
the second application operation to one or more second database operations using a second ORM library; and
determining one or more database connections for the one or more first database operations and the one or more second database operations. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
accessing mapping information that specifies mappings between data sources and transaction manager modules in a set of transaction manager modules; and selecting a transaction manager module to process the first database transaction based on a data source of the first database transaction and the mapping information. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the selected transaction manager module accesses different data sources for the first and second database operations using database connections corresponding to the different data sources. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving a configuration file that specifies one or more data sources accessed by the application; and generating, based on the specified one or more data sources, the set of transaction manager modules and the mapping information. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
processing, using different threads, multiple requests for different database transactions that access different data sources, wherein the processing includes generating multiple transaction objects for the first database transaction. 16. A method, comprising:
receiving, from an application by a transaction router module executing on a computer system, a request for a first database transaction, wherein the first database transaction includes first and second application operations; translating, by the transaction router module:
the first application operation to one or more first database operations using a first object relational mapping (ORM) library; and
the second application operation to one or more second database operations using a second ORM library;
determining, by the transaction router module, one or more database connections for the one or more first database operations and the one or more second database operations; and accessing, by the transaction router module based on the determined database connections:
a first data source for the one or more first database operations; and
a second data source for the one or more second database operations. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
accessing, by the transaction router module, mapping information that specifies mappings between data sources and transaction manager modules in a set of transaction manager modules included in the transaction router module; and selecting, by the transaction router module, a transaction manager module to process the first database transaction based on a data source of the first database transaction and the mapping information. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
processing, by the transaction router module using different threads, multiple requests for different database transactions that access different data sources, wherein the processing includes generating multiple transaction objects for the first database transaction. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the request for the first database transaction generated using a data access layer (DAL) application programming interface (API), and wherein a configuration file of the DAL API specifies one or more database schemas. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the first ORM library is a database abstraction layer (DBAL) library, and wherein the second ORM library is a hibernate library. | Techniques are disclosed relating to processing database transactions that include application operations defined by different object relational mapping (ORM) libraries. A transaction router module executing on a computer system receives, from an application, a request for a first database transaction, where the first database transaction includes first and second application operations. The transaction router module then translates the first application operation to one or more first database operations using a first ORM library and the second application operation to one or more second database operations using a second ORM library. Then, the transaction router module determines one or more database connections for the one or more first database operations and the one or more second database operations. Such techniques may advantageously allow applications to switch between using different persistence frameworks and message broker frameworks without substantial adjustments to application code.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, from an application by a transaction router module executing on a computer system, a request for a first database transaction, wherein the first database transaction includes first and second application operations; translating, by the transaction router module:
the first application operation to one or more first database operations using a first object relational mapping (ORM) library; and
the second application operation to one or more second database operations using a second ORM library; and
determining, by the transaction router module, one or more database connections for the one or more first database operations and the one or more second database operations. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
accessing, by the transaction router module, mapping information that specifies mappings between data sources and transaction manager modules in a set of transaction manager modules included in the transaction router module; and selecting, by the transaction router module, a transaction manager module to process the first database transaction based on a data source of the first database transaction and the mapping information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the selected transaction manager module accesses different data sources for the first and second database operations using database connections corresponding to the different data sources. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, by the transaction router module a configuration file that specifies one or more data sources accessed by the application; and generating, by the transaction router module based on the specified one or more data sources, the set of transaction manager modules and the mapping information. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein a first data source specified in the first database transaction is organized according to a first database schema, and wherein a second data source specified in the first database transaction is organized according to a second database schema. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein a first data source specified in the first database transaction is a first database and wherein a second data source specified in the first database transaction is a second, different database. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
processing, by the transaction router module using different threads, multiple requests for different database transactions that access different data sources, wherein the processing includes generating multiple transaction objects for the first database transaction. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the processing further includes:
accessing, by the transaction router module, different data sources for respective transaction objects initiated for the first database transaction. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the multiple requests for different database transactions are generated using different data access layer (DAL) application programming interfaces (APIs) that include different corresponding ORM libraries. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the transaction router module, transaction requests from first and second applications using different DAL APIs; determining, by the transaction router module for the first and second application, whether a first list of transaction manager modules is available to the applications; and accessing, by the transaction router module based on the determining, one of the first list of transaction manager modules and a second list of transaction manager modules. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from an application, a request for a first database transaction, wherein the first database transaction includes first and second application operations; translating:
the first application operation to one or more first database operations using a first object relational mapping (ORM) library; and
the second application operation to one or more second database operations using a second ORM library; and
determining one or more database connections for the one or more first database operations and the one or more second database operations. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
accessing mapping information that specifies mappings between data sources and transaction manager modules in a set of transaction manager modules; and selecting a transaction manager module to process the first database transaction based on a data source of the first database transaction and the mapping information. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the selected transaction manager module accesses different data sources for the first and second database operations using database connections corresponding to the different data sources. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving a configuration file that specifies one or more data sources accessed by the application; and generating, based on the specified one or more data sources, the set of transaction manager modules and the mapping information. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
processing, using different threads, multiple requests for different database transactions that access different data sources, wherein the processing includes generating multiple transaction objects for the first database transaction. 16. A method, comprising:
receiving, from an application by a transaction router module executing on a computer system, a request for a first database transaction, wherein the first database transaction includes first and second application operations; translating, by the transaction router module:
the first application operation to one or more first database operations using a first object relational mapping (ORM) library; and
the second application operation to one or more second database operations using a second ORM library;
determining, by the transaction router module, one or more database connections for the one or more first database operations and the one or more second database operations; and accessing, by the transaction router module based on the determined database connections:
a first data source for the one or more first database operations; and
a second data source for the one or more second database operations. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
accessing, by the transaction router module, mapping information that specifies mappings between data sources and transaction manager modules in a set of transaction manager modules included in the transaction router module; and selecting, by the transaction router module, a transaction manager module to process the first database transaction based on a data source of the first database transaction and the mapping information. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
processing, by the transaction router module using different threads, multiple requests for different database transactions that access different data sources, wherein the processing includes generating multiple transaction objects for the first database transaction. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the request for the first database transaction generated using a data access layer (DAL) application programming interface (API), and wherein a configuration file of the DAL API specifies one or more database schemas. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the first ORM library is a database abstraction layer (DBAL) library, and wherein the second ORM library is a hibernate library. | 3,600 |
345,968 | 16,804,394 | 3,632 | A boat, having a transom, includes one or more aft-facing seats. Each aft-facing seat is positioned proximate to the transom and includes a seat bottom that is inclined at a downward angle in a direction extending from aft to fore, a seatback, a headrest, a seat support structure having at least one hidden compartment therein, and at least one pivot mechanism attached to the seatback and the headrest and configured to allow the seatback to move between a first position in which the seatback is capable of supporting the back of a person seated in the seat and a second position in which the seatback is pivoted upwardly to allow access to the compartment and the headrest to move between an upright position and a folded position. A plurality of handles may be provided for each aft-facing seat, with one at an outboard side and another at an inboard side. | 1-21. (canceled) 22. An inboard watersports boat comprising:
a hull including a bow, a stern, a transom, and port and starboard gunwales; a motor positioned in the stern of the boat, forward of the transom and along a centerline of the boat; a propeller operatively connected to the motor, the propeller being located under the hull and forward of the transom; a tow point for towing a watersports performer; and a plurality of aft-facing seats positioned in the stern of the boat, aft of the tow point, the plurality of aft-facing seats including an aft-facing seat positioned port of the centerline of the boat and an aft-facing seat positioned starboard of the centerline of the boat, each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats including:
(i) a seat bottom that is inclined at a downward angle, the downward angle extending in a direction from aft to fore such that an aft portion of the seat bottom is higher than a forward portion of the seat bottom;
(ii) a seatback that joins the seat bottom at a location forward of the transom and below the gunwales; and
(iii) a headrest that is movable with respect to the seatback. 23. The boat of claim 22, further comprising a floor, wherein the downward angle of the seat bottom of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is from 5 degrees to 20 degrees relative to the floor. 24. The boat of claim 22, wherein, for each aft-facing seat, an angle between a top surface of the seat bottom and an aft-facing surface of the seat back is from 95 degrees to 135 degrees. 25. An inboard watersports boat comprising:
a hull including a bow, a stern, a transom, and port and starboard gunwales; a motor positioned in the stern of the boat, forward of the transom and along a centerline of the boat; a propeller operatively connected to the motor, the propeller being located under the hull and forward of the transom; a tow point for towing a watersports performer; a plurality of aft-facing seats positioned in the stern of the boat, aft of the tow point, the plurality of aft-facing seats including an aft-facing seat positioned port of the centerline of the boat and an aft-facing seat positioned starboard of the centerline of the boat, each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats including:
(i) a seat bottom that is inclined at a downward angle, the downward angle extending in a direction from aft to fore such that an aft portion of the seat bottom is higher than a forward portion of the seat bottom; and
(ii) a seatback that joins the seat bottom at a location forward of the transom and below the gunwales; and
a plurality of compartments, including a compartment associated with the port aft-facing seat and a compartment associated with the starboard aft-facing seat, the compartment associated with the port aft-facing seat being positioned on a port side of the motor and the compartment associated with the starboard aft-facing seat being positioned on a starboard side of the motor, wherein each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is movable to allow access to the compartment associated with that aft-facing seat. 26. The boat of claim 25, wherein each compartment is accessible by pivoting the associated aft-facing seat upwardly. 27. The boat of claim 26, wherein each compartment is accessible by pivoting both the seat bottom and the seatback of the associated aft-facing seat upwardly. 28. The boat of claim 26, further comprising a plurality of pneumatic cylinders configured to assist upward movement of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats and configured to hold each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats in a raised position. 29. The boat of claim 25, wherein each compartment extends forward of a forward-most part of the associated aft-facing seat. 30. The boat of claim 25, further comprising a floor, wherein the downward angle of the seat bottom of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is from 5 degrees to 20 degrees relative to the floor. 31. The boat of claim 25, wherein, for each aft-facing seat, an angle between a top surface of the seat bottom and an aft-facing surface of the seat back is from 95 degrees to 135 degrees. 32. An inboard watersports boat comprising:
a hull including a bow, a stern, a transom, and port and starboard gunwales; a motor positioned in the stern of the boat, forward of the transom and along a centerline of the boat; a propeller operatively connected to the motor, the propeller being located under the hull and forward of the transom; a tow point for towing a watersports performer; a plurality of aft-facing seats positioned in the stern of the boat, aft of the tow point, the plurality of aft-facing seats including an aft-facing seat positioned port of the centerline of the boat and an aft-facing seat positioned starboard of the centerline of the boat, each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats including:
(i) a seat bottom that is inclined at a downward angle, the downward angle extending in a direction from aft to fore such that an aft portion of the seat bottom is higher than a forward portion of the seat bottom;
(ii) a seatback that joins the seat bottom at a location forward of the transom and below the gunwales; and
(iii) a headrest that is movable with respect to the seatback; and
a plurality of compartments, including a compartment associated with the port aft-facing seat and a compartment associated with the starboard aft-facing seat, the compartment associated with the port aft-facing seat being positioned on a port side of the motor and extending forward of a forward-most part of the port aft-facing seat and the compartment associated with the starboard aft-facing seat being positioned on a starboard side of the motor and extending forward of a forward-most part of the starboard aft-facing seat, wherein each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is movable to allow access to the compartment associated with that aft-facing seat, each compartment being accessible by pivoting both the seat bottom and the seatback of the associated aft-facing seat upwardly. 33. The boat of claim 32, further comprising a plurality of pneumatic cylinders configured to assist upward movement of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats and configured to hold each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats in a raised position. 34. The boat of claim 33, further comprising a floor, wherein the downward angle of the seat bottom of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is from 5 degrees to 20 degrees relative to the floor. 35. The boat of claim 34, wherein, for each aft-facing seat, an angle between a top surface of the seat bottom and an aft-facing surface of the seat back is from 95 degrees to 135 degrees. | A boat, having a transom, includes one or more aft-facing seats. Each aft-facing seat is positioned proximate to the transom and includes a seat bottom that is inclined at a downward angle in a direction extending from aft to fore, a seatback, a headrest, a seat support structure having at least one hidden compartment therein, and at least one pivot mechanism attached to the seatback and the headrest and configured to allow the seatback to move between a first position in which the seatback is capable of supporting the back of a person seated in the seat and a second position in which the seatback is pivoted upwardly to allow access to the compartment and the headrest to move between an upright position and a folded position. A plurality of handles may be provided for each aft-facing seat, with one at an outboard side and another at an inboard side.1-21. (canceled) 22. An inboard watersports boat comprising:
a hull including a bow, a stern, a transom, and port and starboard gunwales; a motor positioned in the stern of the boat, forward of the transom and along a centerline of the boat; a propeller operatively connected to the motor, the propeller being located under the hull and forward of the transom; a tow point for towing a watersports performer; and a plurality of aft-facing seats positioned in the stern of the boat, aft of the tow point, the plurality of aft-facing seats including an aft-facing seat positioned port of the centerline of the boat and an aft-facing seat positioned starboard of the centerline of the boat, each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats including:
(i) a seat bottom that is inclined at a downward angle, the downward angle extending in a direction from aft to fore such that an aft portion of the seat bottom is higher than a forward portion of the seat bottom;
(ii) a seatback that joins the seat bottom at a location forward of the transom and below the gunwales; and
(iii) a headrest that is movable with respect to the seatback. 23. The boat of claim 22, further comprising a floor, wherein the downward angle of the seat bottom of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is from 5 degrees to 20 degrees relative to the floor. 24. The boat of claim 22, wherein, for each aft-facing seat, an angle between a top surface of the seat bottom and an aft-facing surface of the seat back is from 95 degrees to 135 degrees. 25. An inboard watersports boat comprising:
a hull including a bow, a stern, a transom, and port and starboard gunwales; a motor positioned in the stern of the boat, forward of the transom and along a centerline of the boat; a propeller operatively connected to the motor, the propeller being located under the hull and forward of the transom; a tow point for towing a watersports performer; a plurality of aft-facing seats positioned in the stern of the boat, aft of the tow point, the plurality of aft-facing seats including an aft-facing seat positioned port of the centerline of the boat and an aft-facing seat positioned starboard of the centerline of the boat, each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats including:
(i) a seat bottom that is inclined at a downward angle, the downward angle extending in a direction from aft to fore such that an aft portion of the seat bottom is higher than a forward portion of the seat bottom; and
(ii) a seatback that joins the seat bottom at a location forward of the transom and below the gunwales; and
a plurality of compartments, including a compartment associated with the port aft-facing seat and a compartment associated with the starboard aft-facing seat, the compartment associated with the port aft-facing seat being positioned on a port side of the motor and the compartment associated with the starboard aft-facing seat being positioned on a starboard side of the motor, wherein each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is movable to allow access to the compartment associated with that aft-facing seat. 26. The boat of claim 25, wherein each compartment is accessible by pivoting the associated aft-facing seat upwardly. 27. The boat of claim 26, wherein each compartment is accessible by pivoting both the seat bottom and the seatback of the associated aft-facing seat upwardly. 28. The boat of claim 26, further comprising a plurality of pneumatic cylinders configured to assist upward movement of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats and configured to hold each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats in a raised position. 29. The boat of claim 25, wherein each compartment extends forward of a forward-most part of the associated aft-facing seat. 30. The boat of claim 25, further comprising a floor, wherein the downward angle of the seat bottom of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is from 5 degrees to 20 degrees relative to the floor. 31. The boat of claim 25, wherein, for each aft-facing seat, an angle between a top surface of the seat bottom and an aft-facing surface of the seat back is from 95 degrees to 135 degrees. 32. An inboard watersports boat comprising:
a hull including a bow, a stern, a transom, and port and starboard gunwales; a motor positioned in the stern of the boat, forward of the transom and along a centerline of the boat; a propeller operatively connected to the motor, the propeller being located under the hull and forward of the transom; a tow point for towing a watersports performer; a plurality of aft-facing seats positioned in the stern of the boat, aft of the tow point, the plurality of aft-facing seats including an aft-facing seat positioned port of the centerline of the boat and an aft-facing seat positioned starboard of the centerline of the boat, each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats including:
(i) a seat bottom that is inclined at a downward angle, the downward angle extending in a direction from aft to fore such that an aft portion of the seat bottom is higher than a forward portion of the seat bottom;
(ii) a seatback that joins the seat bottom at a location forward of the transom and below the gunwales; and
(iii) a headrest that is movable with respect to the seatback; and
a plurality of compartments, including a compartment associated with the port aft-facing seat and a compartment associated with the starboard aft-facing seat, the compartment associated with the port aft-facing seat being positioned on a port side of the motor and extending forward of a forward-most part of the port aft-facing seat and the compartment associated with the starboard aft-facing seat being positioned on a starboard side of the motor and extending forward of a forward-most part of the starboard aft-facing seat, wherein each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is movable to allow access to the compartment associated with that aft-facing seat, each compartment being accessible by pivoting both the seat bottom and the seatback of the associated aft-facing seat upwardly. 33. The boat of claim 32, further comprising a plurality of pneumatic cylinders configured to assist upward movement of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats and configured to hold each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats in a raised position. 34. The boat of claim 33, further comprising a floor, wherein the downward angle of the seat bottom of each of the port and starboard aft-facing seats is from 5 degrees to 20 degrees relative to the floor. 35. The boat of claim 34, wherein, for each aft-facing seat, an angle between a top surface of the seat bottom and an aft-facing surface of the seat back is from 95 degrees to 135 degrees. | 3,600 |
345,969 | 16,804,402 | 3,632 | The present invention relates to inhibitors of PPP1 R15A and PPP1 R15B and their use in therapy, particularly in the treatment of a disease state alleviated by the inhibition of PPP1 R15A and PPP1 R15B, for example a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins or proteostatsis disorder. Compounds of the invention include compounds having the formula IA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1a, R3a, R5a, Xa and Ya are as defined herein. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A compound of 2-(2,3,4-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or a salt thereof. 27. The compound of claim 26, wherein the compound is an E-isomer of the compound. 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (E)-2-(2,3,4-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 29. A method of treating a disorder of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 27, wherein the disorder is a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins or a proteostasis disorder. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is selected from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ataxias, retinal degeneration, glaucoma, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, tauopathies, or a prion disease. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a polyglutamine disorder. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the polyglutamine disorder is Huntington's disease. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a myelin disorder. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the myelin disorder is selected from multiple sclerosis, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, vanishing white matter disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, periventricular leukomalacia, periventricular white matter injury, Tabes Dorsalis, Devic's disease, optic neuritis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, transverse myelitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy, adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy, diffuse white matter injury, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, inherited demyelinating diseases, or Charcot Marie Tooth disease. 35. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins that arises from a mutation in a protein resulting in the protein's misfolding and mislocalization or trafficking defects. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the disorder is selected from cystic fibrosis, congenital hypothyroid goitre, familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, procollagen biosynthesis disorders, hypercholesterolemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencies, lysomal disorders, retinis pigmentosa, or inflammatory bowel disease. 37. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a metabolic disease. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the metabolic disease is selected from diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, or atherosclerosis. 39. A method of treating a subject having a disease state alleviated by the inhibition of PPP1R15A or PPP1R15B, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 27 to thereby inhibit PPP1R15A or PPP1R15B. 40. A process for preparing the pharmaceutical composition of claim 28, the process comprising combining the (E)-2-(2,3,4-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | The present invention relates to inhibitors of PPP1 R15A and PPP1 R15B and their use in therapy, particularly in the treatment of a disease state alleviated by the inhibition of PPP1 R15A and PPP1 R15B, for example a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins or proteostatsis disorder. Compounds of the invention include compounds having the formula IA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1a, R3a, R5a, Xa and Ya are as defined herein.1-25. (canceled) 26. A compound of 2-(2,3,4-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or a salt thereof. 27. The compound of claim 26, wherein the compound is an E-isomer of the compound. 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (E)-2-(2,3,4-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 29. A method of treating a disorder of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 27, wherein the disorder is a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins or a proteostasis disorder. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is selected from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ataxias, retinal degeneration, glaucoma, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, tauopathies, or a prion disease. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a polyglutamine disorder. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the polyglutamine disorder is Huntington's disease. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a myelin disorder. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the myelin disorder is selected from multiple sclerosis, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, vanishing white matter disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, periventricular leukomalacia, periventricular white matter injury, Tabes Dorsalis, Devic's disease, optic neuritis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, transverse myelitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy, adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy, diffuse white matter injury, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, inherited demyelinating diseases, or Charcot Marie Tooth disease. 35. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a disorder associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins that arises from a mutation in a protein resulting in the protein's misfolding and mislocalization or trafficking defects. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the disorder is selected from cystic fibrosis, congenital hypothyroid goitre, familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, procollagen biosynthesis disorders, hypercholesterolemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencies, lysomal disorders, retinis pigmentosa, or inflammatory bowel disease. 37. The method of claim 29, wherein the disorder is a metabolic disease. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the metabolic disease is selected from diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, or atherosclerosis. 39. A method of treating a subject having a disease state alleviated by the inhibition of PPP1R15A or PPP1R15B, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 27 to thereby inhibit PPP1R15A or PPP1R15B. 40. A process for preparing the pharmaceutical composition of claim 28, the process comprising combining the (E)-2-(2,3,4-trichlorobenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | 3,600 |
345,970 | 16,804,374 | 3,632 | According to one embodiment, a remanufacturing support server includes processor. The processor is configured to: acquire specification data representing required performance of a battery product; set an allowable range of a degradation state of a secondary battery to be used in the battery product; acquire diagnostic data indicating a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle, the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery falling within the allowable range as the battery product; and provide an outside with a remanufacturing plan relating to the battery product based on the diagnostic data. | 1. A remanufacturing support server comprising a processor configured to:
acquire specification data representing required performance of a battery product; set an allowable range of a degradation state of a secondary battery to be used in the battery product; acquire diagnostic data indicating a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle, the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery falling within the allowable range as the battery product; and provide an outside with a remanufacturing plan relating to the battery product based on the diagnostic data. 2. The remanufacturing support server of claim 1, wherein:
the required performance includes a life required for the battery product; and the processor is configured to set the allowable range of the degradation state of the secondary battery of the battery product to be equal to or greater than the life required for the battery product. 3. The remanufacturing support server of claim 1, wherein:
the processor is configured to search a database, which registers diagnostic data indicating a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle, for diagnostic data indicating the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery, which falls within the allowable range as the battery product; and the processor is configured to create the remanufacturing plan based on a result of search of the database including the acquired diagnostic data. 4. The remanufacturing support server of claim wherein:
the required performance includes a battery capacity required for the battery product; the processor is configured to determine the number of secondary batteries required for the battery product based on the battery capacity required for the battery product; and the processor is configured to create the remanufacturing plan when the number of items of diagnostic data indicating the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery, which falls within the allowable range as the battery product, is equal to or larger than the number of secondary batteries required for the battery product, as a result of search of the database. 5. The remanufacturing support server of claim 3, wherein:
date/time data indicating date and time when a degradation state diagnosis corresponding to the diagnosis data was performed for the secondary battery is registered in the database; and the processor is configured to search for battery data including diagnostic data indicating the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery, which falls within the allowable range as the battery product, and date/time data indicating that a diagnosis of a degradation state corresponding to the diagnostic data was performed at a date and time which is later than reference date and time. 6. A battery collection support server comprising a processor configured to:
acquire a remanufacturing plan of a battery product including battery data of a secondary battery which is collectable to be used in the battery product; and provide a collection condition to collect a first secondary battery corresponding to first battery data included in the battery data of the collectable secondary battery, for an owner of the first secondary battery. 7. The battery collection support server of claim 6, wherein:
the processor is configured to acquire the battery data included in the remanufacturing plan as a result of search for the secondary battery that is collectable as the secondary battery to be used in the battery product, from a database in which battery data of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle is registered; and the processor is configured to determine the collection condition to collect the first secondary battery based on the result of search from the database. 8. The battery collection support server of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to determine the collection condition based on at least one of diagnostic data of the first secondary battery, data regarding the owner of the first secondary battery and data regarding a vehicle mounted with the first secondary battery. 9. The battery collection support server of claim 6, wherein the collection condition includes at least one of an amount of money to purchase the first secondary battery, an amount of money to be paid by the owner of the first secondary battery when the first secondary battery is replaced with a second secondary battery, an amount of money to be paid to the owner of the first secondary battery when the first secondary battery is replaced with a third secondary battery, and an expiration date of the collection condition. 10. A battery database management server comprising a processor configured to:
acquires battery data including diagnostic data representing a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle; and registers the diagnostic data included in the battery data, in a database. 11. The battery database management server of claim 10, wherein the diagnostic data included in the battery data is created by one of a controller of a secondary battery corresponding to the battery data and a charging apparatus which charges the secondary battery, based on a result of a charging curve analysis of the secondary battery. 12. The battery database management server of claim 10, wherein the processor registers date/time data indicating date and time when a degradation state diagnosis corresponding to the diagnosis data was performed for the secondary battery. 13. A vendor computer in a secondary battery reuse system, the vendor computer comprising a processor configured to:
transmit specification data representing required performance of a battery product to a remanufacturing support server; and receive from the remanufacturing support server a remanufacturing plan of the battery product which includes battery data of a secondary battery that is collectable to be used in the battery product and which is created using the specification data. 14. A user computer in a secondary battery reuse system, the user computer comprising a processor configured to:
transmits diagnostic data representing a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle to a battery database management server; and receiving from a battery collection support server a collection condition to collect the secondary battery of the vehicle, which is created using the diagnostic data. | According to one embodiment, a remanufacturing support server includes processor. The processor is configured to: acquire specification data representing required performance of a battery product; set an allowable range of a degradation state of a secondary battery to be used in the battery product; acquire diagnostic data indicating a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle, the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery falling within the allowable range as the battery product; and provide an outside with a remanufacturing plan relating to the battery product based on the diagnostic data.1. A remanufacturing support server comprising a processor configured to:
acquire specification data representing required performance of a battery product; set an allowable range of a degradation state of a secondary battery to be used in the battery product; acquire diagnostic data indicating a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle, the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery falling within the allowable range as the battery product; and provide an outside with a remanufacturing plan relating to the battery product based on the diagnostic data. 2. The remanufacturing support server of claim 1, wherein:
the required performance includes a life required for the battery product; and the processor is configured to set the allowable range of the degradation state of the secondary battery of the battery product to be equal to or greater than the life required for the battery product. 3. The remanufacturing support server of claim 1, wherein:
the processor is configured to search a database, which registers diagnostic data indicating a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle, for diagnostic data indicating the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery, which falls within the allowable range as the battery product; and the processor is configured to create the remanufacturing plan based on a result of search of the database including the acquired diagnostic data. 4. The remanufacturing support server of claim wherein:
the required performance includes a battery capacity required for the battery product; the processor is configured to determine the number of secondary batteries required for the battery product based on the battery capacity required for the battery product; and the processor is configured to create the remanufacturing plan when the number of items of diagnostic data indicating the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery, which falls within the allowable range as the battery product, is equal to or larger than the number of secondary batteries required for the battery product, as a result of search of the database. 5. The remanufacturing support server of claim 3, wherein:
date/time data indicating date and time when a degradation state diagnosis corresponding to the diagnosis data was performed for the secondary battery is registered in the database; and the processor is configured to search for battery data including diagnostic data indicating the diagnostic result of the degradation state of the secondary battery, which falls within the allowable range as the battery product, and date/time data indicating that a diagnosis of a degradation state corresponding to the diagnostic data was performed at a date and time which is later than reference date and time. 6. A battery collection support server comprising a processor configured to:
acquire a remanufacturing plan of a battery product including battery data of a secondary battery which is collectable to be used in the battery product; and provide a collection condition to collect a first secondary battery corresponding to first battery data included in the battery data of the collectable secondary battery, for an owner of the first secondary battery. 7. The battery collection support server of claim 6, wherein:
the processor is configured to acquire the battery data included in the remanufacturing plan as a result of search for the secondary battery that is collectable as the secondary battery to be used in the battery product, from a database in which battery data of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle is registered; and the processor is configured to determine the collection condition to collect the first secondary battery based on the result of search from the database. 8. The battery collection support server of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to determine the collection condition based on at least one of diagnostic data of the first secondary battery, data regarding the owner of the first secondary battery and data regarding a vehicle mounted with the first secondary battery. 9. The battery collection support server of claim 6, wherein the collection condition includes at least one of an amount of money to purchase the first secondary battery, an amount of money to be paid by the owner of the first secondary battery when the first secondary battery is replaced with a second secondary battery, an amount of money to be paid to the owner of the first secondary battery when the first secondary battery is replaced with a third secondary battery, and an expiration date of the collection condition. 10. A battery database management server comprising a processor configured to:
acquires battery data including diagnostic data representing a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle; and registers the diagnostic data included in the battery data, in a database. 11. The battery database management server of claim 10, wherein the diagnostic data included in the battery data is created by one of a controller of a secondary battery corresponding to the battery data and a charging apparatus which charges the secondary battery, based on a result of a charging curve analysis of the secondary battery. 12. The battery database management server of claim 10, wherein the processor registers date/time data indicating date and time when a degradation state diagnosis corresponding to the diagnosis data was performed for the secondary battery. 13. A vendor computer in a secondary battery reuse system, the vendor computer comprising a processor configured to:
transmit specification data representing required performance of a battery product to a remanufacturing support server; and receive from the remanufacturing support server a remanufacturing plan of the battery product which includes battery data of a secondary battery that is collectable to be used in the battery product and which is created using the specification data. 14. A user computer in a secondary battery reuse system, the user computer comprising a processor configured to:
transmits diagnostic data representing a diagnostic result of a degradation state of a secondary battery mounted on a vehicle to a battery database management server; and receiving from a battery collection support server a collection condition to collect the secondary battery of the vehicle, which is created using the diagnostic data. | 3,600 |
345,971 | 16,804,397 | 2,824 | An integrated circuit including a link or string of semiconductor memory cells, wherein each memory cell includes a floating body region for storing data. The link or string includes at least one contact configured to electrically connect the memory cells to at least one control line, and the number of contacts in the string or link is the same as or less than the number of memory cells in the string or link. | 1-54. (canceled) 55. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a plurality of semiconductor memory cells connected in series, wherein at least two of said memory cells each include:
a transistor comprising a source region, a floating body region, a drain region, and a gate;
wherein said floating body region is configured to store data as charge therein to define a state of said memory cell selected from at least first and second states;
a first bipolar device having a first floating base region, a first emitter, and a first collector; and
a second bipolar device having a second floating base region, a second emitter, and a second collector;
wherein said first floating base region and said second floating base region are common to said floating body region;
wherein said first collector is common to said second collector;
wherein at least one of said first bipolar device or second bipolar device maintains a state of said memory cell;
wherein said transistor is usable to access said memory cell; and
wherein current flow through said memory cell is larger when said memory cell is in one of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels than when said memory cell is in another of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels. 56. The semiconductor memory device of claim 55, wherein a voltage bias is applied to said first and second collectors to maintain a state of said memory cell. 57. The semiconductor memory device of claim 56, wherein said voltage bias is a constant positive voltage bias. 58. The semiconductor memory device of claim 56, wherein said voltage bias is a periodic pulse of positive voltage bias. 59. The semiconductor memory device of claim 55, wherein said floating body region has a first conductivity type selected from p-type and n-type conductivity types, and wherein said first conductive region, said second conductive region, and said back-bias region have a second conductivity type selected from said p-type and n-type conductivity types, said second conductivity type being different from said first conductivity type. 60. The semiconductor memory device of claim 59, wherein said at least two memory cells each further comprise a substrate having said first conductivity type. 61. The semiconductor memory device of claim 55, wherein when a first memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states and a second memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states, applications of voltage to said back-bias region maintain said first and second memory cells in said states. 62. The semiconductor memory device of claim 55, wherein said semiconductor memory device is formed in a fin structure. 63. A semiconductor memory array comprising:
a plurality of links or strings of semiconductor memory cells, wherein each of said semiconductor memory cells includes:
a transistor comprising a source region, a floating body region, a drain region, and a gate;
wherein said floating body region is configured to store data as charge therein to define a state of said memory cell selected from at least first and second states;
a first bipolar device having a first floating base region, a first emitter, and a first collector; and
a second bipolar device having a second floating base region, a second emitter, and a second collector;
wherein said first floating base region and said second floating base region are common to said floating body region;
wherein said first collector is common to said second collector;
wherein at least one of said first bipolar device or said second bipolar device maintains a state of said memory cell;
wherein said transistor is usable to access said memory cell;
wherein current flow through said memory cell is larger when said memory cell is in one of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels than when said memory cell is in another of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels; and
wherein said collectors are commonly connected to at least two of said semiconductor memory cells. 64. The semiconductor memory array of claim 63, wherein a voltage bias is applied to said first and second collectors to maintain a state of said memory cell. 65. The semiconductor memory array of claim 64, wherein said voltage bias is a constant positive voltage bias. 66. The semiconductor memory array of claim 64, wherein said voltage bias is a periodic pulse of positive voltage bias. 67. The semiconductor memory array of claim 63, wherein said floating body region has a first conductivity type selected from p-type and n-type conductivity types, and wherein said first conductive region, said second conductive region, and said back-bias region have a second conductivity type selected from said p-type and n-type conductivity types, said second conductivity type being different from said first conductivity type. 68. The semiconductor memory array of claim 67, wherein said at least two memory cells each further comprise a substrate having said first conductivity type. 69. The semiconductor memory array of claim 63, wherein when a first memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states and a second memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states, applications of voltage to said back-bias region maintain said first and second memory cells in said states. 70. The semiconductor memory array of claim 63, wherein said link or string of semiconductor memory cells is formed in a fin structure. 71. An integrated circuit comprising:
a plurality of links or strings of semiconductor memory cells, wherein each said semiconductor memory cell includes:
a transistor comprising a source region, a floating body region, a drain region, and a gate;
wherein said floating body region is configured to store data as charge therein to define a state of said memory cell selected from at least first and second states;
a first bipolar device having a first floating base region, a first emitter, and a first collector; and
a second bipolar device having a second floating base region, a second emitter, and a second collector;
wherein said first floating base region and said second floating base region are common to said floating body region;
wherein said first collector is common to said second collector;
wherein at least one of said first bipolar device or said second bipolar device maintains a state of said memory cell;
wherein said transistor is usable to access said memory cell;
wherein current flow through said memory cell is larger when said memory cell is in one of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels than when said memory cell is in another of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels;
wherein said collectors are commonly connected to at least two of said semiconductor memory cells; and
a control circuitry configured to apply said voltage to said collectors. 72. The integrated circuit of claim 71, wherein a voltage bias is applied to said first and second collectors to maintain a state of said memory cell. 73. The integrated circuit of claim 72, wherein said voltage bias is a constant positive voltage bias. 74. The integrated circuit of claim 72, wherein said voltage bias is a periodic pulse of positive voltage bias. 75. The integrated circuit of claim 71, wherein said floating body region has a first conductivity type selected from p-type and n-type conductivity types, and wherein said first conductive region, said second conductive region, and said back-bias region have a second conductivity type selected from said p-type and n-type conductivity types, said second conductivity type being different from said first conductivity type. 76. The integrated circuit of claim 75, wherein said at least two memory cells each further comprise a substrate having said first conductivity type. 77. The integrated circuit of claim 71, wherein when a first memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states and a second memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states, applications of voltage to said collectors maintain said first and second memory cells in said states. | An integrated circuit including a link or string of semiconductor memory cells, wherein each memory cell includes a floating body region for storing data. The link or string includes at least one contact configured to electrically connect the memory cells to at least one control line, and the number of contacts in the string or link is the same as or less than the number of memory cells in the string or link.1-54. (canceled) 55. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a plurality of semiconductor memory cells connected in series, wherein at least two of said memory cells each include:
a transistor comprising a source region, a floating body region, a drain region, and a gate;
wherein said floating body region is configured to store data as charge therein to define a state of said memory cell selected from at least first and second states;
a first bipolar device having a first floating base region, a first emitter, and a first collector; and
a second bipolar device having a second floating base region, a second emitter, and a second collector;
wherein said first floating base region and said second floating base region are common to said floating body region;
wherein said first collector is common to said second collector;
wherein at least one of said first bipolar device or second bipolar device maintains a state of said memory cell;
wherein said transistor is usable to access said memory cell; and
wherein current flow through said memory cell is larger when said memory cell is in one of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels than when said memory cell is in another of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels. 56. The semiconductor memory device of claim 55, wherein a voltage bias is applied to said first and second collectors to maintain a state of said memory cell. 57. The semiconductor memory device of claim 56, wherein said voltage bias is a constant positive voltage bias. 58. The semiconductor memory device of claim 56, wherein said voltage bias is a periodic pulse of positive voltage bias. 59. The semiconductor memory device of claim 55, wherein said floating body region has a first conductivity type selected from p-type and n-type conductivity types, and wherein said first conductive region, said second conductive region, and said back-bias region have a second conductivity type selected from said p-type and n-type conductivity types, said second conductivity type being different from said first conductivity type. 60. The semiconductor memory device of claim 59, wherein said at least two memory cells each further comprise a substrate having said first conductivity type. 61. The semiconductor memory device of claim 55, wherein when a first memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states and a second memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states, applications of voltage to said back-bias region maintain said first and second memory cells in said states. 62. The semiconductor memory device of claim 55, wherein said semiconductor memory device is formed in a fin structure. 63. A semiconductor memory array comprising:
a plurality of links or strings of semiconductor memory cells, wherein each of said semiconductor memory cells includes:
a transistor comprising a source region, a floating body region, a drain region, and a gate;
wherein said floating body region is configured to store data as charge therein to define a state of said memory cell selected from at least first and second states;
a first bipolar device having a first floating base region, a first emitter, and a first collector; and
a second bipolar device having a second floating base region, a second emitter, and a second collector;
wherein said first floating base region and said second floating base region are common to said floating body region;
wherein said first collector is common to said second collector;
wherein at least one of said first bipolar device or said second bipolar device maintains a state of said memory cell;
wherein said transistor is usable to access said memory cell;
wherein current flow through said memory cell is larger when said memory cell is in one of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels than when said memory cell is in another of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels; and
wherein said collectors are commonly connected to at least two of said semiconductor memory cells. 64. The semiconductor memory array of claim 63, wherein a voltage bias is applied to said first and second collectors to maintain a state of said memory cell. 65. The semiconductor memory array of claim 64, wherein said voltage bias is a constant positive voltage bias. 66. The semiconductor memory array of claim 64, wherein said voltage bias is a periodic pulse of positive voltage bias. 67. The semiconductor memory array of claim 63, wherein said floating body region has a first conductivity type selected from p-type and n-type conductivity types, and wherein said first conductive region, said second conductive region, and said back-bias region have a second conductivity type selected from said p-type and n-type conductivity types, said second conductivity type being different from said first conductivity type. 68. The semiconductor memory array of claim 67, wherein said at least two memory cells each further comprise a substrate having said first conductivity type. 69. The semiconductor memory array of claim 63, wherein when a first memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states and a second memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states, applications of voltage to said back-bias region maintain said first and second memory cells in said states. 70. The semiconductor memory array of claim 63, wherein said link or string of semiconductor memory cells is formed in a fin structure. 71. An integrated circuit comprising:
a plurality of links or strings of semiconductor memory cells, wherein each said semiconductor memory cell includes:
a transistor comprising a source region, a floating body region, a drain region, and a gate;
wherein said floating body region is configured to store data as charge therein to define a state of said memory cell selected from at least first and second states;
a first bipolar device having a first floating base region, a first emitter, and a first collector; and
a second bipolar device having a second floating base region, a second emitter, and a second collector;
wherein said first floating base region and said second floating base region are common to said floating body region;
wherein said first collector is common to said second collector;
wherein at least one of said first bipolar device or said second bipolar device maintains a state of said memory cell;
wherein said transistor is usable to access said memory cell;
wherein current flow through said memory cell is larger when said memory cell is in one of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels than when said memory cell is in another of said at least two different stable floating body charge levels;
wherein said collectors are commonly connected to at least two of said semiconductor memory cells; and
a control circuitry configured to apply said voltage to said collectors. 72. The integrated circuit of claim 71, wherein a voltage bias is applied to said first and second collectors to maintain a state of said memory cell. 73. The integrated circuit of claim 72, wherein said voltage bias is a constant positive voltage bias. 74. The integrated circuit of claim 72, wherein said voltage bias is a periodic pulse of positive voltage bias. 75. The integrated circuit of claim 71, wherein said floating body region has a first conductivity type selected from p-type and n-type conductivity types, and wherein said first conductive region, said second conductive region, and said back-bias region have a second conductivity type selected from said p-type and n-type conductivity types, said second conductivity type being different from said first conductivity type. 76. The integrated circuit of claim 75, wherein said at least two memory cells each further comprise a substrate having said first conductivity type. 77. The integrated circuit of claim 71, wherein when a first memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states and a second memory cell of said at least two of said memory cells is in one of said first and second states, applications of voltage to said collectors maintain said first and second memory cells in said states. | 2,800 |
345,972 | 16,804,392 | 2,693 | The technologies described herein are generally directed to facilitating the allocation, scheduling, and management of network slice resources. According some embodiments, a system can facilitate performance of operations. The operations can include, based on a request for a network service type that was received from a user device, allocating a network slice of a network to the user device, with the network slice being previously assigned a capacity of a resource of the network in accordance with a resource profile. Further, operations include monitoring performance of the network slice, resulting in monitored slice performance compared to a performance requirement of the network service type. Another operation includes, based on the monitored slice performance, facilitating recalibration of the resource profile in accordance with a condition associated with the network service type, resulting in a modification of the capacity of the resource assigned to the network slice. | 1. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
based on a request for a network service type that was received from a user device, allocating a network slice of a network to the user device, wherein the network slice was previously assigned a capacity of a resource of the network in accordance with a resource profile;
monitoring performance of the network slice, resulting in monitored slice performance compared to a performance requirement of the network service type; and
based on the monitored slice performance, facilitating recalibration of the resource profile in accordance with a condition associated with the network service type, resulting in a modification of the capacity of the resource assigned to the network slice. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the recalibration of the resource profile further results in modifications, corresponding to the modification, to the capacity of the resource assigned to other network slices to which the resource profile was assigned. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the facilitating the recalibration is further based on a services contract, and wherein the services contract is selected to control access by the network slice to the resource assigned to the network slice. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource comprises a prioritization resource to prioritize communications of the network in relation to other network slices. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource comprises a radio frequency block for connection to the network slice via a connection to a remote radio component. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the radio frequency block comprises a radio frequency block applicable to a fifth generation radio access network. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the allocating the resources to the network slice in accordance with the resource profile is performed during call setup processing. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource comprises resources from a group of resources, the group comprising first resources of a backhaul network device, and second resources of a fronthaul network device. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the resources comprise bandwidth resources from the group allocated to the network slice. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the resource comprises load balancing resources from the group for load balancing of the network slice across multiple connections. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a first network device comprising a processor, a communication from a second network device to facilitate establishing a virtual network configured based on a service profile to enable a support for a network service type; monitoring, by the network device, performance of the virtual network relative to a performance requirement of the network service type; and based on the monitoring of the performance, recalibrating the service profile in accordance with the support for the network service type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the recalibrating the service profile comprises recalibrating the service profile in accordance with a result of the monitoring the performance of the virtual network and the performance requirement of the network service type. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the performance requirement of the service type comprises the performance requirement to facilitate a virtual network enabling an enhanced mobile broadband network. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the performance requirement of the service type comprises the performance requirement to facilitate an ultra-reliable low latency communications network. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the performance requirement of the service type comprises the performance requirement to facilitate a massive machine to machine communications profile applied to the virtual network. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the first network device comprises a core network device facilitating first communication with an internet device, wherein the second network device comprises an edge network device facilitating second communication with a radio unit via a fronthaul connection, wherein a third communication from the second network device is received via a backhaul connection, and wherein the virtual network spans from a user device communicatively coupled to the radio unit to the internet device, via the edge network device and the core network device. 17. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a network device, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
based on a request for a network service type that was received from a user device, allocating a network slice of a provider network to the user device, wherein the network slice was previously assigned a capacity of a resource of the provider network in accordance with a resource profile specifying a service type; monitoring performance of the network slice, resulting in monitored slice performance compared to a performance requirement of the network service type; and based on the monitored slice performance, facilitating modification of the resource profile in accordance with a condition of the network service type, resulting in a modification of the capacity of the resource assigned to the network slice. 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the resource comprises a resource to prioritize communications of the network in relation to other network slices other than the network slice. 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the network slice comprises a virtual network that spans from a radio unit to a device employing an internet protocol for communications, via an edge network device and a core network device of the provider network. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the resource of the provider network comprises load balancing resources to balance communication between components in the virtual network. | The technologies described herein are generally directed to facilitating the allocation, scheduling, and management of network slice resources. According some embodiments, a system can facilitate performance of operations. The operations can include, based on a request for a network service type that was received from a user device, allocating a network slice of a network to the user device, with the network slice being previously assigned a capacity of a resource of the network in accordance with a resource profile. Further, operations include monitoring performance of the network slice, resulting in monitored slice performance compared to a performance requirement of the network service type. Another operation includes, based on the monitored slice performance, facilitating recalibration of the resource profile in accordance with a condition associated with the network service type, resulting in a modification of the capacity of the resource assigned to the network slice.1. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
based on a request for a network service type that was received from a user device, allocating a network slice of a network to the user device, wherein the network slice was previously assigned a capacity of a resource of the network in accordance with a resource profile;
monitoring performance of the network slice, resulting in monitored slice performance compared to a performance requirement of the network service type; and
based on the monitored slice performance, facilitating recalibration of the resource profile in accordance with a condition associated with the network service type, resulting in a modification of the capacity of the resource assigned to the network slice. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the recalibration of the resource profile further results in modifications, corresponding to the modification, to the capacity of the resource assigned to other network slices to which the resource profile was assigned. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the facilitating the recalibration is further based on a services contract, and wherein the services contract is selected to control access by the network slice to the resource assigned to the network slice. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource comprises a prioritization resource to prioritize communications of the network in relation to other network slices. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource comprises a radio frequency block for connection to the network slice via a connection to a remote radio component. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the radio frequency block comprises a radio frequency block applicable to a fifth generation radio access network. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the allocating the resources to the network slice in accordance with the resource profile is performed during call setup processing. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the resource comprises resources from a group of resources, the group comprising first resources of a backhaul network device, and second resources of a fronthaul network device. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the resources comprise bandwidth resources from the group allocated to the network slice. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the resource comprises load balancing resources from the group for load balancing of the network slice across multiple connections. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a first network device comprising a processor, a communication from a second network device to facilitate establishing a virtual network configured based on a service profile to enable a support for a network service type; monitoring, by the network device, performance of the virtual network relative to a performance requirement of the network service type; and based on the monitoring of the performance, recalibrating the service profile in accordance with the support for the network service type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the recalibrating the service profile comprises recalibrating the service profile in accordance with a result of the monitoring the performance of the virtual network and the performance requirement of the network service type. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the performance requirement of the service type comprises the performance requirement to facilitate a virtual network enabling an enhanced mobile broadband network. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the performance requirement of the service type comprises the performance requirement to facilitate an ultra-reliable low latency communications network. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the performance requirement of the service type comprises the performance requirement to facilitate a massive machine to machine communications profile applied to the virtual network. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the first network device comprises a core network device facilitating first communication with an internet device, wherein the second network device comprises an edge network device facilitating second communication with a radio unit via a fronthaul connection, wherein a third communication from the second network device is received via a backhaul connection, and wherein the virtual network spans from a user device communicatively coupled to the radio unit to the internet device, via the edge network device and the core network device. 17. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a network device, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
based on a request for a network service type that was received from a user device, allocating a network slice of a provider network to the user device, wherein the network slice was previously assigned a capacity of a resource of the provider network in accordance with a resource profile specifying a service type; monitoring performance of the network slice, resulting in monitored slice performance compared to a performance requirement of the network service type; and based on the monitored slice performance, facilitating modification of the resource profile in accordance with a condition of the network service type, resulting in a modification of the capacity of the resource assigned to the network slice. 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the resource comprises a resource to prioritize communications of the network in relation to other network slices other than the network slice. 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the network slice comprises a virtual network that spans from a radio unit to a device employing an internet protocol for communications, via an edge network device and a core network device of the provider network. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the resource of the provider network comprises load balancing resources to balance communication between components in the virtual network. | 2,600 |
345,973 | 16,804,406 | 2,693 | An organic electroluminescence device and a display apparatus, where the organic electroluminescence device includes an organic light emitting layer which includes a host material, a sensitizer material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, where the host material is a wide bandgap material, and the sensitizer material is an exciplex material, a singlet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the exciplex, and a triplet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the exciplex, and a singlet state energy level for the exciplex material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the resonance delayed fluorescent material, and a triplet state energy level for the exciplex material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the resonance delayed fluorescent material. | 1. An organic electroluminescence device, comprising: an organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a host material, a sensitizer material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material;
the host material is a wide bandgap material; the sensitizer material is an exciplex; a singlet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the exciplex, and a triplet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the exciplex; and a singlet state energy level for the exciplex is greater than a singlet state energy level for the resonance delayed fluorescent material, and a triplet state energy level for the exciplex is greater than a triplet state energy level for the resonance delayed fluorescent material. 2. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a structure represented by Formula [1]: 3. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 2, wherein three of adjacent X, A, M1 and M2 are joined into a hexatomic ring comprising two heteroatoms; and
the heteroatoms are selected from two of B, P, Si, O, S, N, and Se. 4. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 2, wherein the ‘a’ in the formula [1] is an integer from 1 to 6. 5. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 2, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the following general formulas: 6. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 5, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the structures shown in the following: 7. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a molecular weight of 200-2000. 8. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the exciplex comprises an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material, the electron donor material being a component having characteristic of hole transporting and containing at least one of carbazolyl, arylamino, silyl, fluorenyl, dibenzothienyl, and dibenzofurylaryl;
and/or, the electron acceptor material being component having characteristic of electron transporting and containing at least one of pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, phenanthroline, sulfone, heptazinyl, oxadiazolyl, cyano, and diphenyl. 9. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of the electron donor material to the electron acceptor material in the exciplex is 1:9-9:1. 10. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the wide bandgap material is a compound comprising at least one of carbazolyl, carbolinyl, spirofluorenyl, fluorenyl, silyl, and phosphonooxy. 11. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein a percentage of the exciplex in the organic light emitting layer is 1 wt %-60 wt %;
a percentage of the wide bandgap material in the organic light emitting layer is 20 wt %-98.9 wt %; and a percentage of the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material in the organic light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-20 wt %. 12. A display apparatus, comprising the organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1. 13. A method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device, comprising the following steps: forming an organic light emitting layer by co-evaporation plating of a wide bandgap material, an electron donor material, an electron acceptor material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. 14. The method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device according to claim 13, wherein before the forming an organic light emitting layer, further comprising:
providing a substrate having an anode material thereon; performing evaporation plating of a hole transporting region material onto the substrate to form a hole transporting region, wherein the evaporation plating is performed under conditions of 1×10−5˜9×10−3 Pa at an evaporation plating rate of 0.1 to 0.5 nm/s. 15. The method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device according to claim 13, wherein after the forming an organic light emitting layer, the method further comprises: performing evaporation plating of an electron transporting region material on the organic light emitting layer to form an electron transporting region, wherein an evaporation plating rate is 0.1-0.5 nm/s. 16. The method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device according to claim 13, further comprising a step of forming a cathode over the organic light emitting layer: performing evaporation plating of a cathode material to form a cathode, and an evaporation plating rate is 0.5 to 1 nm/s. | An organic electroluminescence device and a display apparatus, where the organic electroluminescence device includes an organic light emitting layer which includes a host material, a sensitizer material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, where the host material is a wide bandgap material, and the sensitizer material is an exciplex material, a singlet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the exciplex, and a triplet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the exciplex, and a singlet state energy level for the exciplex material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the resonance delayed fluorescent material, and a triplet state energy level for the exciplex material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the resonance delayed fluorescent material.1. An organic electroluminescence device, comprising: an organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a host material, a sensitizer material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material;
the host material is a wide bandgap material; the sensitizer material is an exciplex; a singlet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the exciplex, and a triplet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the exciplex; and a singlet state energy level for the exciplex is greater than a singlet state energy level for the resonance delayed fluorescent material, and a triplet state energy level for the exciplex is greater than a triplet state energy level for the resonance delayed fluorescent material. 2. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a structure represented by Formula [1]: 3. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 2, wherein three of adjacent X, A, M1 and M2 are joined into a hexatomic ring comprising two heteroatoms; and
the heteroatoms are selected from two of B, P, Si, O, S, N, and Se. 4. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 2, wherein the ‘a’ in the formula [1] is an integer from 1 to 6. 5. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 2, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the following general formulas: 6. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 5, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the structures shown in the following: 7. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a molecular weight of 200-2000. 8. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the exciplex comprises an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material, the electron donor material being a component having characteristic of hole transporting and containing at least one of carbazolyl, arylamino, silyl, fluorenyl, dibenzothienyl, and dibenzofurylaryl;
and/or, the electron acceptor material being component having characteristic of electron transporting and containing at least one of pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, phenanthroline, sulfone, heptazinyl, oxadiazolyl, cyano, and diphenyl. 9. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of the electron donor material to the electron acceptor material in the exciplex is 1:9-9:1. 10. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the wide bandgap material is a compound comprising at least one of carbazolyl, carbolinyl, spirofluorenyl, fluorenyl, silyl, and phosphonooxy. 11. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein a percentage of the exciplex in the organic light emitting layer is 1 wt %-60 wt %;
a percentage of the wide bandgap material in the organic light emitting layer is 20 wt %-98.9 wt %; and a percentage of the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material in the organic light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-20 wt %. 12. A display apparatus, comprising the organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1. 13. A method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device, comprising the following steps: forming an organic light emitting layer by co-evaporation plating of a wide bandgap material, an electron donor material, an electron acceptor material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. 14. The method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device according to claim 13, wherein before the forming an organic light emitting layer, further comprising:
providing a substrate having an anode material thereon; performing evaporation plating of a hole transporting region material onto the substrate to form a hole transporting region, wherein the evaporation plating is performed under conditions of 1×10−5˜9×10−3 Pa at an evaporation plating rate of 0.1 to 0.5 nm/s. 15. The method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device according to claim 13, wherein after the forming an organic light emitting layer, the method further comprises: performing evaporation plating of an electron transporting region material on the organic light emitting layer to form an electron transporting region, wherein an evaporation plating rate is 0.1-0.5 nm/s. 16. The method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device according to claim 13, further comprising a step of forming a cathode over the organic light emitting layer: performing evaporation plating of a cathode material to form a cathode, and an evaporation plating rate is 0.5 to 1 nm/s. | 2,600 |
345,974 | 16,804,395 | 2,693 | Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods for determining the eligibility of a subject having a malignancy for treatment with an anti-PD therapeutic agent based on a Combined Positive Score (CPS) for a tumor tissue sample from the subject. Compositions and kits or performing the disclosed methods are also provided. | 1. A method for determining the eligibility of a subject having a malignancy for treatment with an anti-PD therapeutic agent, the method comprising:
determining the number of viable PD-L1 positive tumor cells, the number of viable PD-L1 negative tumor cells, and the number of viable PD-L1 positive mononuclear inflammatory cells (MIC) in a tumor tissue sample from a subject having a malignancy; and calculating a combined positive score (CPS) for the tumor tissue sample using the formula: 2.-20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold is 1. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the tumor tissue sample is a tissue section of a tumor biopsy. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein PD-L1 is detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the tumor tissue section is a formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin wax (FFPE) tumor tissue section. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the tissue section is stained. 26. The method of claim 22, further comprising staining a section from the biopsy with a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the viable PD-L1 positive tumor cells, the number of viable PD-L1 negative tumor cells, and the number of viable PD-L1 positive MIC are counted in the tumor nests and the adjacent supporting stroma of the tumor tissue sample. 28. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of PD-L1 positive tumor cells and the number of PD-L1 positive MIC are determined using an anti-PD-L1 antibody or a PD-L1 binding fragment thereof. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the malignancy is selected from the group consisting of: gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial/bladder carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, myeloma, melanoma, lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, hormone receptor positive (ER and/or PR) and Her2 positive breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, salivary gland carcinoma, vulvar carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, anal canal carcinoma, biliary carcinoma, mesothelioma, cervical carcinoma, and neuroendocrine carcinoma. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-PD therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: Avelumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, Pidilizumab, and MEDI4736. 31. The method of claim 1 further comprising administering the anti-PD therapeutic agent to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 32. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-PD therapeutic agent is Pembrolizumab. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the malignancy is non-small cell lung carcinoma. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the threshold is 1. 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein the malignancy is esophageal carcinoma. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the threshold is 10. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 41. The method of claim 32 wherein the malignancy is gastric carcinoma. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the threshold is 1. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 45. The method of claim 32 wherein the malignancy is cervical carcinoma. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein the threshold is 1. 48. The method of claim 47, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 49. The method of claim 32 wherein the malignancy is urothelial carcinoma. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the threshold is 10. 52. The method of claim 51, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 53. The method of claim 32 wherein the malignancy is head and neck carcinoma. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the threshold is 1. 56. The method of claim 55, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 57. The method of claim 54, wherein the threshold is 20. 58. The method of claim 57, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. | Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods for determining the eligibility of a subject having a malignancy for treatment with an anti-PD therapeutic agent based on a Combined Positive Score (CPS) for a tumor tissue sample from the subject. Compositions and kits or performing the disclosed methods are also provided.1. A method for determining the eligibility of a subject having a malignancy for treatment with an anti-PD therapeutic agent, the method comprising:
determining the number of viable PD-L1 positive tumor cells, the number of viable PD-L1 negative tumor cells, and the number of viable PD-L1 positive mononuclear inflammatory cells (MIC) in a tumor tissue sample from a subject having a malignancy; and calculating a combined positive score (CPS) for the tumor tissue sample using the formula: 2.-20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold is 1. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the tumor tissue sample is a tissue section of a tumor biopsy. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein PD-L1 is detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the tumor tissue section is a formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin wax (FFPE) tumor tissue section. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the tissue section is stained. 26. The method of claim 22, further comprising staining a section from the biopsy with a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the viable PD-L1 positive tumor cells, the number of viable PD-L1 negative tumor cells, and the number of viable PD-L1 positive MIC are counted in the tumor nests and the adjacent supporting stroma of the tumor tissue sample. 28. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of PD-L1 positive tumor cells and the number of PD-L1 positive MIC are determined using an anti-PD-L1 antibody or a PD-L1 binding fragment thereof. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the malignancy is selected from the group consisting of: gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial/bladder carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, myeloma, melanoma, lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, hormone receptor positive (ER and/or PR) and Her2 positive breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, salivary gland carcinoma, vulvar carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, anal canal carcinoma, biliary carcinoma, mesothelioma, cervical carcinoma, and neuroendocrine carcinoma. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-PD therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: Avelumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, Pidilizumab, and MEDI4736. 31. The method of claim 1 further comprising administering the anti-PD therapeutic agent to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 32. The method of claim 1, wherein the anti-PD therapeutic agent is Pembrolizumab. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the malignancy is non-small cell lung carcinoma. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the threshold is 1. 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein the malignancy is esophageal carcinoma. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the threshold is 10. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 41. The method of claim 32 wherein the malignancy is gastric carcinoma. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the threshold is 1. 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 45. The method of claim 32 wherein the malignancy is cervical carcinoma. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein the threshold is 1. 48. The method of claim 47, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 49. The method of claim 32 wherein the malignancy is urothelial carcinoma. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the threshold is 10. 52. The method of claim 51, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 53. The method of claim 32 wherein the malignancy is head and neck carcinoma. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the threshold is from about 60 to about 1. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the threshold is 1. 56. The method of claim 55, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. 57. The method of claim 54, wherein the threshold is 20. 58. The method of claim 57, further comprising administering Pembrolizumab to the subject when the CPS is above the threshold. | 2,600 |
345,975 | 16,804,379 | 2,693 | An apparatus and method for efficient ray tracing. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises: a general purpose processor to generate a plurality of ray streams; a first hardware queue to receive the ray streams generated by the general purpose processor; a graphics processing unit (GPU) comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs) to process the ray streams from the first hardware queue; a second hardware queue to store graphics processing jobs submitted by the GPU; the general purpose processor to process the jobs submitted by the GPU and share results with the GPU. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a graphics processing unit or general purpose processing unit comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs); the EUs comprising decompression circuitry to decompress bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) data, the decompression circuitry comprising: a shift unit to shift a designated amount of quantized min and/or max-values in accordance with a first set of bits that indicate what value is needed to extract from the min and/or max-values, wherein N bits are output from the shift unit; an invert unit to invert the N bits if the first set of bits indicate that a decompressed max value is to be computed or pass through the N bits if the first set of bits indicate that a decompressed min value is to be computed; a multiplication unit to multiply the N bits with a scale value to generate a multiplication result; and an addition unit to add the multiplication result with a minimum value associated with a parent node in the BVH, resulting in either a decompressed min value or a decompressed max value. 2. The apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the multiplication unit comprises a 32 bit×N bit multiplication unit. 3. The apparatus as in claim 2 wherein the minimum value associated with the parent node comprises a 32-bit value. 4. The apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the decompression circuitry is to decompress BVH nodes responsive to a decompression instruction. 5. The apparatus as in claim 4 wherein the decompression instruction comprises a result operand indicating that either a min value or a max value is needed, a scale value for the dimension to decompress, the minimum value associated with the parent node for the dimension to decompress, quantized min and/or max values, and the first set of bits that indicate what value is needed to extract from the quantized min and/or max values. 6. An apparatus comprising:
a graphics processing unit or general purpose processing unit comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs); the EUs comprising ray-volume intersection circuitry to determine whether a ray intersects a bounding volume of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH), the ray-volume intersection circuitry comprising: a plurality of MIN units, each MIN unit to receive two values comprising a first coordinate and a second coordinate and to output the minimum value of the first and second coordinates, the first and second coordinates being coordinates of a ray and/or bounding volume being tested for intersection; the outputs of each of the MIN units communicatively coupled to a MAX unit, the MAX unit to receive N+1 values, where N is equal to the number of MIN units, and to select and output a maximum of the N+1 values. 7. The apparatus as in claim 6 wherein N=3. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a graphics processing unit or general purpose processing unit comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs); the EUs comprising ray-volume intersection circuitry to determine whether a ray intersects a bounding volume of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH), the ray-volume intersection circuitry comprising: a plurality of MAX units, each MAX unit to receive two values comprising a first coordinate and a second coordinate and to output the minimum value of the first and second coordinates, the first and second coordinates being coordinates of a ray and/or bounding volume being tested for intersection; the outputs of each of the MAX units communicatively coupled to a MIN unit, the MIN unit to receive N+1 values, where N is equal to the number of MAX units, and to select and output a minimum of the N+1 values. 9. The apparatus as in claim 8 wherein N=3. 10. An apparatus comprising:
a graphics processing unit or general purpose processing unit comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs); the EUs comprising ray-volume intersection circuitry to determine whether a ray intersects a bounding volume of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH), the ray-volume intersection circuitry comprising: a plurality of sort units, each sort unit to receive two values comprising a first coordinate and a second coordinate and to output the minimum value and the maximum value of the two values; a MAX unit to receive all of the minimum values output from the sort units and a first additional coordinate value, the MAX unit to select and output a maximum value from the minimum values and the first additional coordinate value; and a MIN unit to receive all of the maximum values output from the sort units and a second additional coordinate value, the MIN unit to select and output a minimum value from the maximum values and the second additional coordinate value. 11. The apparatus as in claim 10 further comprising:
selection logic to select between the minimum value output by the MIN unit or the maximum value output by the MAX unit. | An apparatus and method for efficient ray tracing. For example, one embodiment of an apparatus comprises: a general purpose processor to generate a plurality of ray streams; a first hardware queue to receive the ray streams generated by the general purpose processor; a graphics processing unit (GPU) comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs) to process the ray streams from the first hardware queue; a second hardware queue to store graphics processing jobs submitted by the GPU; the general purpose processor to process the jobs submitted by the GPU and share results with the GPU.1. An apparatus comprising:
a graphics processing unit or general purpose processing unit comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs); the EUs comprising decompression circuitry to decompress bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) data, the decompression circuitry comprising: a shift unit to shift a designated amount of quantized min and/or max-values in accordance with a first set of bits that indicate what value is needed to extract from the min and/or max-values, wherein N bits are output from the shift unit; an invert unit to invert the N bits if the first set of bits indicate that a decompressed max value is to be computed or pass through the N bits if the first set of bits indicate that a decompressed min value is to be computed; a multiplication unit to multiply the N bits with a scale value to generate a multiplication result; and an addition unit to add the multiplication result with a minimum value associated with a parent node in the BVH, resulting in either a decompressed min value or a decompressed max value. 2. The apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the multiplication unit comprises a 32 bit×N bit multiplication unit. 3. The apparatus as in claim 2 wherein the minimum value associated with the parent node comprises a 32-bit value. 4. The apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the decompression circuitry is to decompress BVH nodes responsive to a decompression instruction. 5. The apparatus as in claim 4 wherein the decompression instruction comprises a result operand indicating that either a min value or a max value is needed, a scale value for the dimension to decompress, the minimum value associated with the parent node for the dimension to decompress, quantized min and/or max values, and the first set of bits that indicate what value is needed to extract from the quantized min and/or max values. 6. An apparatus comprising:
a graphics processing unit or general purpose processing unit comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs); the EUs comprising ray-volume intersection circuitry to determine whether a ray intersects a bounding volume of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH), the ray-volume intersection circuitry comprising: a plurality of MIN units, each MIN unit to receive two values comprising a first coordinate and a second coordinate and to output the minimum value of the first and second coordinates, the first and second coordinates being coordinates of a ray and/or bounding volume being tested for intersection; the outputs of each of the MIN units communicatively coupled to a MAX unit, the MAX unit to receive N+1 values, where N is equal to the number of MIN units, and to select and output a maximum of the N+1 values. 7. The apparatus as in claim 6 wherein N=3. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a graphics processing unit or general purpose processing unit comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs); the EUs comprising ray-volume intersection circuitry to determine whether a ray intersects a bounding volume of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH), the ray-volume intersection circuitry comprising: a plurality of MAX units, each MAX unit to receive two values comprising a first coordinate and a second coordinate and to output the minimum value of the first and second coordinates, the first and second coordinates being coordinates of a ray and/or bounding volume being tested for intersection; the outputs of each of the MAX units communicatively coupled to a MIN unit, the MIN unit to receive N+1 values, where N is equal to the number of MAX units, and to select and output a minimum of the N+1 values. 9. The apparatus as in claim 8 wherein N=3. 10. An apparatus comprising:
a graphics processing unit or general purpose processing unit comprising a plurality of execution units (EUs); the EUs comprising ray-volume intersection circuitry to determine whether a ray intersects a bounding volume of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH), the ray-volume intersection circuitry comprising: a plurality of sort units, each sort unit to receive two values comprising a first coordinate and a second coordinate and to output the minimum value and the maximum value of the two values; a MAX unit to receive all of the minimum values output from the sort units and a first additional coordinate value, the MAX unit to select and output a maximum value from the minimum values and the first additional coordinate value; and a MIN unit to receive all of the maximum values output from the sort units and a second additional coordinate value, the MIN unit to select and output a minimum value from the maximum values and the second additional coordinate value. 11. The apparatus as in claim 10 further comprising:
selection logic to select between the minimum value output by the MIN unit or the maximum value output by the MAX unit. | 2,600 |
345,976 | 16,804,389 | 2,693 | A shift lever assembly for a vehicle includes a housing having an inner space and an open part. The open part is provided at a lower part of the housing and is open in upward and downward directions. A shift lever is rotatably mounted in the inner space by being inserted into the inner space from a lower side to an upper side of the inner space through the open part. A bracket is assembled with the lower part of the housing to close the open part and allowing the housing to be fixed to a vehicle body. | 1. A shift lever assembly for a vehicle, the shift lever assembly comprising:
a housing having an inner space and an open part, the open part being provided at a lower part of the housing and being open in upward and downward directions; a shift lever rotatably mounted in the inner space by being inserted into the inner space from a lower side to an upper side of the inner space through the open part; and a bracket assembled with the lower part of the housing to close the open part and allowing the housing to be fixed to a vehicle body. 2. The shift lever assembly of claim 1, further comprising an electric module part mounted to a side surface part of the housing to detect a rotational movement of the shift lever or to fix a position thereof. 3. The shift lever assembly of claim 2, wherein a mounting hole is provided in the side surface part of the housing such that the electric module part is inserted thereinto, the mounting hole communicating with the inner space and positioned to face a side part of the shift lever inserted into the inner space. 4. The shift lever assembly of claim 3, wherein
an open hole is provided in an upper surface part of the housing and is open to allow the rotational movement of the shift lever when changing a transmission stage of the shift lever, the open hole being divided into an automatic transmission stage section and a manual transmission stage section extending from the automatic transmission stage section; and the mounting hole is arranged at a location adjacent to the manual transmission stage section in the side surface part of the housing. 5. The shift lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the bracket is configured to have a seating part and a space part, the seating part having the same shape as a shape of the lower part of the housing, thus allowing the housing to sit therein, and the space part being open in the upward and downward directions. 6. The shift lever assembly of claim 5, wherein
a combining protrusion is provided at the lower part of the housing by protruding downward therefrom; and a combination hole is provided in the seating part of the bracket to match the combining protrusion, so that when the combining protrusion is inserted into and held in the combination hole, the housing is fixed to the bracket. 7. The shift lever assembly of claim 5, wherein a support part is provided in the bracket, the support part crossing the space part and being located to face a lower side of the shift lever provided in the inner space of the housing. 8. The shift lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a hinge shaft passing through the inner space from a side surface part, with the shift lever being rotatably assembled with the hinge shaft. 9. The shift lever assembly of claim 8, wherein
an assembly hole is provided in the housing by being rectilinearly formed through the housing to a side direction thereof from the side surface part to communicate with the inner space; a hinge hole is provided in the shift lever to match the assembly hole in the side direction when the shift lever is inserted into the inner space of the housing; and the hinge shaft passes through the assembly hole and the hinge hole while the shift lever is inserted into the inner space of the housing, so the shift lever is rotatably mounted to the housing via the hinge shaft. 10. The shift lever assembly of claim 1, wherein
a hinge connection part is provided at the lower part of the housing; and a hinge coupling part is provided in the bracket to surround and seat the hinge connection part therein, so that the housing is rotatably mounted to the bracket via a hinge pin passing through the hinge connection part and the hinge coupling part. 11. A method of assembling a vehicle, the method comprising:
providing a housing having an inner space and an open part, the open part being provided at a lower part of the housing and being open in upward and downward directions; mounting a shift lever in the inner space by inserting the shift lever into the inner space from a lower side to an upper side of the inner space through the open part; assembling a bracket with the lower part of the housing to close the open part; and fixing the housing to a vehicle body. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising mounting an electric module part to a side surface part of the housing, the electric module part configured to detect a rotational movement of the shift lever or to fix a position of the shift lever. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a mounting hole is provided in the side surface part of the housing, communicates with the inner space, and is positioned to face a side part of the shift lever inserted into the inner space, and wherein mounting the electric module part comprises inserting the electric module part into the mounting hole. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein
an open hole is provided in an upper surface part of the housing and is open to allow the rotational movement of the shift lever when changing a transmission stage of the shift lever, the open hole being divided into an automatic transmission stage section and a manual transmission stage section extending from the automatic transmission stage section; and the mounting hole is arranged at a location adjacent to the manual transmission stage section in the side surface part of the housing. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the bracket is configured to have a seating part and a space part, the seating part having the same shape as a shape of the lower part of the housing, thus allowing the housing to sit therein, and the space part being open in the upward and downward directions. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein
a combining protrusion is provided at the lower part of the housing by protruding downward therefrom; and a combination hole is provided in the seating part of the bracket to match the combining protrusion, so that when the combining protrusion is inserted into and held in the combination hole, the housing is fixed to the bracket. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein a support part is provided in the bracket, the support part crossing the space part and being located to face a lower side of the shift lever provided in the inner space of the housing. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the housing comprises a hinge shaft passing through the inner space from a side surface part, with the shift lever being rotatably assembled with the hinge shaft. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein
an assembly hole is provided in the housing by being rectilinearly formed through the housing to a side direction thereof from the side surface part to communicate with the inner space, a hinge hole is provided in the shift lever to match the assembly hole in the side direction when the shift lever is inserted into the inner space of the housing, and the hinge shaft passes through the assembly hole and the hinge hole while the shift lever is inserted into the inner space of the housing, so the shift lever is rotatably mounted to the housing via the hinge shaft. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein
a hinge connection part is provided at the lower part of the housing, and a hinge coupling part is provided in the bracket to surround and seat the hinge connection part therein, so that the housing is rotatably mounted to the bracket via a hinge pin passing through the hinge connection part and the hinge coupling part. | A shift lever assembly for a vehicle includes a housing having an inner space and an open part. The open part is provided at a lower part of the housing and is open in upward and downward directions. A shift lever is rotatably mounted in the inner space by being inserted into the inner space from a lower side to an upper side of the inner space through the open part. A bracket is assembled with the lower part of the housing to close the open part and allowing the housing to be fixed to a vehicle body.1. A shift lever assembly for a vehicle, the shift lever assembly comprising:
a housing having an inner space and an open part, the open part being provided at a lower part of the housing and being open in upward and downward directions; a shift lever rotatably mounted in the inner space by being inserted into the inner space from a lower side to an upper side of the inner space through the open part; and a bracket assembled with the lower part of the housing to close the open part and allowing the housing to be fixed to a vehicle body. 2. The shift lever assembly of claim 1, further comprising an electric module part mounted to a side surface part of the housing to detect a rotational movement of the shift lever or to fix a position thereof. 3. The shift lever assembly of claim 2, wherein a mounting hole is provided in the side surface part of the housing such that the electric module part is inserted thereinto, the mounting hole communicating with the inner space and positioned to face a side part of the shift lever inserted into the inner space. 4. The shift lever assembly of claim 3, wherein
an open hole is provided in an upper surface part of the housing and is open to allow the rotational movement of the shift lever when changing a transmission stage of the shift lever, the open hole being divided into an automatic transmission stage section and a manual transmission stage section extending from the automatic transmission stage section; and the mounting hole is arranged at a location adjacent to the manual transmission stage section in the side surface part of the housing. 5. The shift lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the bracket is configured to have a seating part and a space part, the seating part having the same shape as a shape of the lower part of the housing, thus allowing the housing to sit therein, and the space part being open in the upward and downward directions. 6. The shift lever assembly of claim 5, wherein
a combining protrusion is provided at the lower part of the housing by protruding downward therefrom; and a combination hole is provided in the seating part of the bracket to match the combining protrusion, so that when the combining protrusion is inserted into and held in the combination hole, the housing is fixed to the bracket. 7. The shift lever assembly of claim 5, wherein a support part is provided in the bracket, the support part crossing the space part and being located to face a lower side of the shift lever provided in the inner space of the housing. 8. The shift lever assembly of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a hinge shaft passing through the inner space from a side surface part, with the shift lever being rotatably assembled with the hinge shaft. 9. The shift lever assembly of claim 8, wherein
an assembly hole is provided in the housing by being rectilinearly formed through the housing to a side direction thereof from the side surface part to communicate with the inner space; a hinge hole is provided in the shift lever to match the assembly hole in the side direction when the shift lever is inserted into the inner space of the housing; and the hinge shaft passes through the assembly hole and the hinge hole while the shift lever is inserted into the inner space of the housing, so the shift lever is rotatably mounted to the housing via the hinge shaft. 10. The shift lever assembly of claim 1, wherein
a hinge connection part is provided at the lower part of the housing; and a hinge coupling part is provided in the bracket to surround and seat the hinge connection part therein, so that the housing is rotatably mounted to the bracket via a hinge pin passing through the hinge connection part and the hinge coupling part. 11. A method of assembling a vehicle, the method comprising:
providing a housing having an inner space and an open part, the open part being provided at a lower part of the housing and being open in upward and downward directions; mounting a shift lever in the inner space by inserting the shift lever into the inner space from a lower side to an upper side of the inner space through the open part; assembling a bracket with the lower part of the housing to close the open part; and fixing the housing to a vehicle body. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising mounting an electric module part to a side surface part of the housing, the electric module part configured to detect a rotational movement of the shift lever or to fix a position of the shift lever. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a mounting hole is provided in the side surface part of the housing, communicates with the inner space, and is positioned to face a side part of the shift lever inserted into the inner space, and wherein mounting the electric module part comprises inserting the electric module part into the mounting hole. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein
an open hole is provided in an upper surface part of the housing and is open to allow the rotational movement of the shift lever when changing a transmission stage of the shift lever, the open hole being divided into an automatic transmission stage section and a manual transmission stage section extending from the automatic transmission stage section; and the mounting hole is arranged at a location adjacent to the manual transmission stage section in the side surface part of the housing. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the bracket is configured to have a seating part and a space part, the seating part having the same shape as a shape of the lower part of the housing, thus allowing the housing to sit therein, and the space part being open in the upward and downward directions. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein
a combining protrusion is provided at the lower part of the housing by protruding downward therefrom; and a combination hole is provided in the seating part of the bracket to match the combining protrusion, so that when the combining protrusion is inserted into and held in the combination hole, the housing is fixed to the bracket. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein a support part is provided in the bracket, the support part crossing the space part and being located to face a lower side of the shift lever provided in the inner space of the housing. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the housing comprises a hinge shaft passing through the inner space from a side surface part, with the shift lever being rotatably assembled with the hinge shaft. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein
an assembly hole is provided in the housing by being rectilinearly formed through the housing to a side direction thereof from the side surface part to communicate with the inner space, a hinge hole is provided in the shift lever to match the assembly hole in the side direction when the shift lever is inserted into the inner space of the housing, and the hinge shaft passes through the assembly hole and the hinge hole while the shift lever is inserted into the inner space of the housing, so the shift lever is rotatably mounted to the housing via the hinge shaft. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein
a hinge connection part is provided at the lower part of the housing, and a hinge coupling part is provided in the bracket to surround and seat the hinge connection part therein, so that the housing is rotatably mounted to the bracket via a hinge pin passing through the hinge connection part and the hinge coupling part. | 2,600 |
345,977 | 16,804,325 | 2,693 | A pectus bar assembly including a bar support and a pectus bar. The bar support can include a fastener and a fabric. A fabric can encircle a first rib and a second rib of a human ribcage. The fabric can include a first free end securable to the fastener and a second free end securable to the fastener to tension the fabric around the first rib and the second rib. The pectus bar can include an elongate body. The elongate body can include an anterior side and a posterior side opposite the anterior side. The posterior side can be supported by the bar support between the first rib and the second rib. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for implanting a pectus bar support, the pectus bar support including a fastener secured to a to a first free end of a flexible member, the pectus bar support configured to support a pectus bar between a first rib and a second rib of a human ribcage, the method comprising:
encircling, at least partially, a first rib and a second rib with the flexible member to support a pectus bar between the first rib and the second rib; tensioning the flexible member around the first rib and the second rib; and securing a second free end of the flexible member to the fastener. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
providing or obtaining a base; and providing or obtaining an insert. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising;
coupling the insert to the base; and securing the flexible member to the fastener by contacting the first free end and the second free end with the insert and the base when the insert is coupled to the base. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
receiving the flexible member in a bore defined by the base. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
threadably engage the insert into a threaded surface defined by an extension of the base, wherein the extension extends inward from a wall of the bore. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
passing the first free end and the second free end through a slot that extends through a periphery of the base and intersects the bore; and passing the first free end and the second free end from the slot into the bore. 27. The pectus bar support of claim 24, wherein the flexible member is comprised of fabric having a width that is smaller than a diameter of the bore of the base. 28. The pectus bar support of claim 21, wherein the flexible member is comprised of fabric. 29. The pectus bar support of claim 21, wherein the flexible member is comprised of at least one of polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, a titanium alloy, and a stainless-steel alloy. 30. A method for implanting a pectus bar support, the pectus bar support configured to support a pectus bar between a first rib and a second rib of a human ribcage, the method comprising:
providing or obtaining a pectus bar support including a first portion including a first free end and a second portion including a second free end; encircling, at least partially, a first rib of a ribcage with the first portion; connecting the first portion to the second portion; encircling, at least partially, a second rib of the ribcage adjacent to the first rib; and adjusting tension of the first portion and the second portion around the first rib and the second rib, respectively, using one or more of the first free end and the second free end. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
securing a connector to the first portion and the second portion. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
releasably coupling the first portion to the connector. 33. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
releasably securing an open end of the first portion to the connector. 34. The method of claim 30, wherein the pectus bar support comprises a sleeve coupled to the first portion and the second portion, the first free end and the second free end passing through the sleeve to create at least one loop. 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising:
securing a connector of the pectus bar support to the first portion and the second portion. 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising:
releasably securing an open end of the connector to the second portion. 37. A method for implanting a pectus bar support, the pectus bar support configured to support a pectus bar between a first rib and a second rib of a human ribcage, the method comprising:
encircling, at least partially, a first end of a band around a first rib of a ribcage and a second end of the band around a second rib of the ribcage; releasably securing a fastener secured to the second end of the band to the first end of the band; and tensioning the band around the first rib and the second rib using the fastener. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the fastener comprises a buckle extending from the second end. 39. The method of claim 38, further comprising:
receiving the first end in an aperture of the buckle; and rotating a cam within the buckle to secure the first end to the buckle. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising:
receiving the cam in a slot of the band to secure the band to the buckle. | A pectus bar assembly including a bar support and a pectus bar. The bar support can include a fastener and a fabric. A fabric can encircle a first rib and a second rib of a human ribcage. The fabric can include a first free end securable to the fastener and a second free end securable to the fastener to tension the fabric around the first rib and the second rib. The pectus bar can include an elongate body. The elongate body can include an anterior side and a posterior side opposite the anterior side. The posterior side can be supported by the bar support between the first rib and the second rib.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for implanting a pectus bar support, the pectus bar support including a fastener secured to a to a first free end of a flexible member, the pectus bar support configured to support a pectus bar between a first rib and a second rib of a human ribcage, the method comprising:
encircling, at least partially, a first rib and a second rib with the flexible member to support a pectus bar between the first rib and the second rib; tensioning the flexible member around the first rib and the second rib; and securing a second free end of the flexible member to the fastener. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
providing or obtaining a base; and providing or obtaining an insert. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising;
coupling the insert to the base; and securing the flexible member to the fastener by contacting the first free end and the second free end with the insert and the base when the insert is coupled to the base. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
receiving the flexible member in a bore defined by the base. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
threadably engage the insert into a threaded surface defined by an extension of the base, wherein the extension extends inward from a wall of the bore. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
passing the first free end and the second free end through a slot that extends through a periphery of the base and intersects the bore; and passing the first free end and the second free end from the slot into the bore. 27. The pectus bar support of claim 24, wherein the flexible member is comprised of fabric having a width that is smaller than a diameter of the bore of the base. 28. The pectus bar support of claim 21, wherein the flexible member is comprised of fabric. 29. The pectus bar support of claim 21, wherein the flexible member is comprised of at least one of polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, a titanium alloy, and a stainless-steel alloy. 30. A method for implanting a pectus bar support, the pectus bar support configured to support a pectus bar between a first rib and a second rib of a human ribcage, the method comprising:
providing or obtaining a pectus bar support including a first portion including a first free end and a second portion including a second free end; encircling, at least partially, a first rib of a ribcage with the first portion; connecting the first portion to the second portion; encircling, at least partially, a second rib of the ribcage adjacent to the first rib; and adjusting tension of the first portion and the second portion around the first rib and the second rib, respectively, using one or more of the first free end and the second free end. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
securing a connector to the first portion and the second portion. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
releasably coupling the first portion to the connector. 33. The method of claim 31, further comprising:
releasably securing an open end of the first portion to the connector. 34. The method of claim 30, wherein the pectus bar support comprises a sleeve coupled to the first portion and the second portion, the first free end and the second free end passing through the sleeve to create at least one loop. 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising:
securing a connector of the pectus bar support to the first portion and the second portion. 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising:
releasably securing an open end of the connector to the second portion. 37. A method for implanting a pectus bar support, the pectus bar support configured to support a pectus bar between a first rib and a second rib of a human ribcage, the method comprising:
encircling, at least partially, a first end of a band around a first rib of a ribcage and a second end of the band around a second rib of the ribcage; releasably securing a fastener secured to the second end of the band to the first end of the band; and tensioning the band around the first rib and the second rib using the fastener. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the fastener comprises a buckle extending from the second end. 39. The method of claim 38, further comprising:
receiving the first end in an aperture of the buckle; and rotating a cam within the buckle to secure the first end to the buckle. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising:
receiving the cam in a slot of the band to secure the band to the buckle. | 2,600 |
345,978 | 16,804,369 | 2,693 | Methods, apparatus, systems, and computer program products for displaying captured screenshots are disclosed herein. One method includes capturing, by an information handling device, a set of screenshots of a main display screen of a computing device and displaying the captured set of screenshots on a sub-display screen of the computing device. Apparatus, systems, and computer program products that include and/or perform the methods are also disclosed herein. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
a first chassis and a second chassis coupled to the first chassis, wherein:
the first chassis comprises a sub-display including a sub-display screen, and
the second chassis comprises a main display including a main display screen;
a capture unit configured to capture a set of screenshots of the main display screen; and a display control unit configured to display the captured set of screenshots on the sub-display screen. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the display control unit is configured to display the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in non-overlapping positions. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
to display the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in the non-overlapping positions, the display control unit is configured to reduce a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the size of the plurality of captured screenshots is reduced a predetermined amount, and the display control unit is configured to display the plurality of captured screenshots side-by-side on the sub-display. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the display control unit is configured to reduce a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the display control unit is further configured to display, on the main display screen, all of the captured screenshots in the plurality of captured screenshots that are currently being displayed on the sub-display screen in response to receiving a full display command. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the apparatus further comprises a keyboard including a plurality of keys; and the full display command is received in response to a user actuating a predetermined key on the keyboard. 8. A method, comprising:
capturing, by an information handling device, a set of screenshots of a main display screen of a computing device; and displaying the captured set of screenshots on a sub-display screen of the computing device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the method further comprises displaying the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in non-overlapping positions. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
displaying the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in the non-overlapping positions comprises reducing a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
reducing the size of the plurality of captured screenshots comprises reducing the size of the plurality of captured screenshots a predetermined amount, and the method further comprises displaying the plurality of captured screenshots side-by-side on the sub-display. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the method further comprises reducing a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the method further comprises displaying, on the main display screen, all of the captured screenshots in the plurality of captured screenshots that are currently being displayed on the sub-display screen in response to receiving a full display command. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the computing device comprises a keyboard including a plurality of keys; and the full display command is received in response to a user actuating a predetermined key on the keyboard. 15. A computer program product including a computer-readable storage medium that stores code executable by a processor, the executable code comprising code to perform:
capturing a set of screenshots of a main display screen of a computing device; and displaying the captured set of screenshots on a sub-display screen of the computing device. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the executable code further comprises code to perform:
displaying the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in non-overlapping positions. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein:
displaying the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in the non-overlapping positions comprises reducing a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein:
reducing the size of the plurality of captured screenshots comprises reducing the size of the plurality of captured screenshots a predetermined amount, and the executable code further comprises code to perform:
displaying the plurality of captured screenshots side-by-side on the sub-display. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the executable code further comprises code to perform:
displaying, on the main display screen, all of the captured screenshots in the plurality of captured screenshots that are currently being displayed on the sub-display screen in response to receiving a full display command. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein:
the computing device comprises a keyboard including a plurality of keys; and the full display command is received in response to a user actuating a predetermined key on the keyboard. | Methods, apparatus, systems, and computer program products for displaying captured screenshots are disclosed herein. One method includes capturing, by an information handling device, a set of screenshots of a main display screen of a computing device and displaying the captured set of screenshots on a sub-display screen of the computing device. Apparatus, systems, and computer program products that include and/or perform the methods are also disclosed herein.1. An apparatus, comprising:
a first chassis and a second chassis coupled to the first chassis, wherein:
the first chassis comprises a sub-display including a sub-display screen, and
the second chassis comprises a main display including a main display screen;
a capture unit configured to capture a set of screenshots of the main display screen; and a display control unit configured to display the captured set of screenshots on the sub-display screen. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the display control unit is configured to display the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in non-overlapping positions. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
to display the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in the non-overlapping positions, the display control unit is configured to reduce a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the size of the plurality of captured screenshots is reduced a predetermined amount, and the display control unit is configured to display the plurality of captured screenshots side-by-side on the sub-display. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the display control unit is configured to reduce a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the display control unit is further configured to display, on the main display screen, all of the captured screenshots in the plurality of captured screenshots that are currently being displayed on the sub-display screen in response to receiving a full display command. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the apparatus further comprises a keyboard including a plurality of keys; and the full display command is received in response to a user actuating a predetermined key on the keyboard. 8. A method, comprising:
capturing, by an information handling device, a set of screenshots of a main display screen of a computing device; and displaying the captured set of screenshots on a sub-display screen of the computing device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the method further comprises displaying the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in non-overlapping positions. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
displaying the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in the non-overlapping positions comprises reducing a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
reducing the size of the plurality of captured screenshots comprises reducing the size of the plurality of captured screenshots a predetermined amount, and the method further comprises displaying the plurality of captured screenshots side-by-side on the sub-display. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the method further comprises reducing a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the method further comprises displaying, on the main display screen, all of the captured screenshots in the plurality of captured screenshots that are currently being displayed on the sub-display screen in response to receiving a full display command. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the computing device comprises a keyboard including a plurality of keys; and the full display command is received in response to a user actuating a predetermined key on the keyboard. 15. A computer program product including a computer-readable storage medium that stores code executable by a processor, the executable code comprising code to perform:
capturing a set of screenshots of a main display screen of a computing device; and displaying the captured set of screenshots on a sub-display screen of the computing device. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the executable code further comprises code to perform:
displaying the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in non-overlapping positions. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein:
displaying the plurality of captured screenshots on the sub-display screen in the non-overlapping positions comprises reducing a size of the plurality of captured screenshots. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein:
reducing the size of the plurality of captured screenshots comprises reducing the size of the plurality of captured screenshots a predetermined amount, and the executable code further comprises code to perform:
displaying the plurality of captured screenshots side-by-side on the sub-display. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
the set of captured screenshots includes a plurality of captured screenshots; and the executable code further comprises code to perform:
displaying, on the main display screen, all of the captured screenshots in the plurality of captured screenshots that are currently being displayed on the sub-display screen in response to receiving a full display command. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein:
the computing device comprises a keyboard including a plurality of keys; and the full display command is received in response to a user actuating a predetermined key on the keyboard. | 2,600 |
345,979 | 16,804,360 | 2,693 | A system and method for adjusting seats of different vehicles, wherein the vehicles comprise means for retrieving an identifier of a seat user, wherein the system comprises means for storing data of seat adjustments made by an identified user in a first vehicle which are associated with the user identifier, comprises means for transmitting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle and user identifier data to a second vehicle of a different type than the first vehicle, and comprises means for converting seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into seat adjustment data of the second vehicle so as to offer the user similar comfort in vehicles of different types. | 1. A system for adjusting seats of different vehicles,
wherein the vehicles comprise means for retrieving an identifier of a seat user and wherein the system comprises means for storing data of a first seat adjustment carried out by an identified user in a first vehicle which are associated with the user identifier, comprises means for transmitting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle and user identifier data to a second vehicle of a different type than the first vehicle, and comprises means for converting seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into seat adjustment data of the second vehicle so as to offer the user similar comfort in vehicles of different types. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising
means for calculating estimated morphology data from passenger compartment dimensional data of the first vehicle and from seat adjustment data of the first vehicle, means for storing the estimated morphology and user identifier data and for transmitting the estimated morphology and user identifier data to a second vehicle of a different type than the first vehicle, and wherein the conversion means use the estimated morphology data and passenger compartment dimensional data of the second vehicle to convert the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into seat adjustment data of the second vehicle. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the system comprises means for storing passenger compartment dimensional data of the different vehicles and wherein these data are used by the conversion means to calculate the estimated morphology data and to calculate the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle based on the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the vehicles comprise means for entering user's morphological data, the first seat adjustment of the first vehicle being carried out according to the user's morphological data. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for manually adjusting the seat of the first vehicle so that the first seat adjustment is carried out or modified manually by the user. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the vehicles comprise a seat adjustment computer connected to actuators and sensors of the seat, the computer comprising manual adjustment means and automatic adjustment means for the seat. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vehicles comprise a communication module for communicating with an external network/and or an external device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the conversion means comprise a computing unit associated with one or more storage units, for converting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into adjustment data for a seat of the second vehicle. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the storage unit is located in a server system remote from the vehicles. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the computing unit is implemented in a computing system remote from the vehicles. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the storage unit is located in a server system remote from the vehicles, the remote server system and the remote computing system are grouped together in a remote computer network connected to a communication network with communication units of the vehicles through which are transmitted vehicle identification data, user identification data, and seat adjustment data, and wherein the remote computing system transmits the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle to the second vehicle via the computer network and the communication network. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the storage unit comprises a database comprising the dimensional data representative of the passenger compartment and of seats of different types of vehicles, to enable adjustment of the seats of all of the vehicles based on the adjustment of a seat of a first vehicle. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the conversion means are integrated into a computer of the vehicle. 14. A method for the automatic adjustment of seats of different vehicles, comprising:
assigning an identifier to a user, for the first use of a first vehicle, a first step of entering the identifier, adjusting the seat, and storing the seat adjustment data, transmitting the seat adjustment data obtained by the adjustment and the user identifier, to conversion means, converting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle, in the conversion means, and adjusting the seat of the second vehicle occupied by this user, based on the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle obtained from the conversion step. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising recognizing the user identifier in the second vehicle. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising calculating estimated morphology data of the user based on the dimensional data of the first vehicle and the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle, storing the estimated morphology data, and wherein converting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle in the conversion means comprises calculating seat adjustment data of the second vehicle based on the estimated morphology data and the dimensional data of the second vehicle. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein calculating estimated morphology data of the user takes into account passenger compartment dimensional data of the first vehicle and passenger compartment dimensional data of the second vehicle to calculate seat adjustment data of the second vehicle based on seat adjustment data of the first vehicle and estimated morphology data. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein converting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle is carried out based on data conversion tables. 19. The method of claim 16, comprising a recognition of the user identifier and a retrieval of the estimated morphology of the user from a second database, a retrieval of the dimensional parameters of the second vehicle from a first database, and calculating seat adjustment parameters adapted to the second vehicle with a calculation program based on the estimated morphology of the user and the dimensional parameters of the second vehicle. | A system and method for adjusting seats of different vehicles, wherein the vehicles comprise means for retrieving an identifier of a seat user, wherein the system comprises means for storing data of seat adjustments made by an identified user in a first vehicle which are associated with the user identifier, comprises means for transmitting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle and user identifier data to a second vehicle of a different type than the first vehicle, and comprises means for converting seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into seat adjustment data of the second vehicle so as to offer the user similar comfort in vehicles of different types.1. A system for adjusting seats of different vehicles,
wherein the vehicles comprise means for retrieving an identifier of a seat user and wherein the system comprises means for storing data of a first seat adjustment carried out by an identified user in a first vehicle which are associated with the user identifier, comprises means for transmitting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle and user identifier data to a second vehicle of a different type than the first vehicle, and comprises means for converting seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into seat adjustment data of the second vehicle so as to offer the user similar comfort in vehicles of different types. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising
means for calculating estimated morphology data from passenger compartment dimensional data of the first vehicle and from seat adjustment data of the first vehicle, means for storing the estimated morphology and user identifier data and for transmitting the estimated morphology and user identifier data to a second vehicle of a different type than the first vehicle, and wherein the conversion means use the estimated morphology data and passenger compartment dimensional data of the second vehicle to convert the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into seat adjustment data of the second vehicle. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the system comprises means for storing passenger compartment dimensional data of the different vehicles and wherein these data are used by the conversion means to calculate the estimated morphology data and to calculate the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle based on the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the vehicles comprise means for entering user's morphological data, the first seat adjustment of the first vehicle being carried out according to the user's morphological data. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for manually adjusting the seat of the first vehicle so that the first seat adjustment is carried out or modified manually by the user. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the vehicles comprise a seat adjustment computer connected to actuators and sensors of the seat, the computer comprising manual adjustment means and automatic adjustment means for the seat. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the vehicles comprise a communication module for communicating with an external network/and or an external device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the conversion means comprise a computing unit associated with one or more storage units, for converting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into adjustment data for a seat of the second vehicle. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the storage unit is located in a server system remote from the vehicles. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the computing unit is implemented in a computing system remote from the vehicles. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the storage unit is located in a server system remote from the vehicles, the remote server system and the remote computing system are grouped together in a remote computer network connected to a communication network with communication units of the vehicles through which are transmitted vehicle identification data, user identification data, and seat adjustment data, and wherein the remote computing system transmits the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle to the second vehicle via the computer network and the communication network. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the storage unit comprises a database comprising the dimensional data representative of the passenger compartment and of seats of different types of vehicles, to enable adjustment of the seats of all of the vehicles based on the adjustment of a seat of a first vehicle. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the conversion means are integrated into a computer of the vehicle. 14. A method for the automatic adjustment of seats of different vehicles, comprising:
assigning an identifier to a user, for the first use of a first vehicle, a first step of entering the identifier, adjusting the seat, and storing the seat adjustment data, transmitting the seat adjustment data obtained by the adjustment and the user identifier, to conversion means, converting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle, in the conversion means, and adjusting the seat of the second vehicle occupied by this user, based on the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle obtained from the conversion step. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising recognizing the user identifier in the second vehicle. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising calculating estimated morphology data of the user based on the dimensional data of the first vehicle and the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle, storing the estimated morphology data, and wherein converting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle in the conversion means comprises calculating seat adjustment data of the second vehicle based on the estimated morphology data and the dimensional data of the second vehicle. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein calculating estimated morphology data of the user takes into account passenger compartment dimensional data of the first vehicle and passenger compartment dimensional data of the second vehicle to calculate seat adjustment data of the second vehicle based on seat adjustment data of the first vehicle and estimated morphology data. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein converting the seat adjustment data of the first vehicle into the seat adjustment data of the second vehicle is carried out based on data conversion tables. 19. The method of claim 16, comprising a recognition of the user identifier and a retrieval of the estimated morphology of the user from a second database, a retrieval of the dimensional parameters of the second vehicle from a first database, and calculating seat adjustment parameters adapted to the second vehicle with a calculation program based on the estimated morphology of the user and the dimensional parameters of the second vehicle. | 2,600 |
345,980 | 16,804,383 | 1,786 | An organic electroluminescence device, a preparation method thereof, and a display apparatus, the organic electroluminescence device including an organic light emitting layer which includes a host material, a sensitizer material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, where the host material is a wide bandgap material, and the sensitizer material is a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. The singlet state energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material falls between the singlet state energy level of the wide bandgap material and the singlet state energy level of the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. The triplet state energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material falls between the triplet state energy level of the wide bandgap material and the triplet state energy level of the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. | 1. An organic electroluminescence device, comprising: an organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a host material, a sensitizer material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material;
the host material is a wide bandgap material; the sensitizer material is a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material; and a singlet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the sensitizer material, and a triplet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the sensitizer material; and a singlet state energy level for the sensitizer material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, and a triplet state energy level for the sensitizer material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. 2. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a structure represented by Formula [1]: 3. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 2, wherein three of adjacent X, A, M1 and M2 are joined into a hexatomic ring comprising two heteroatoms; and
the heteroatoms are selected from two of B, P, Si, O, S, N, and Se. 4. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 3, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a molecular mass of 200-2000. 5. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 4, wherein a is an integer from 1 to 6. 6. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 3, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the following general formulas: 7. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 6, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the following structures: 8. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound comprising an electron donating group and an electron accepting group. 9. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the electron donating group comprises at least one of carbazolyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, indolocarbazolyl, diphenylamino, triphenylamino, acridinyl, and phenazinyl. 10. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 9, wherein the electron donating group is selected from at least one of the following groups: 11. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the electron accepting group comprises at least one of triazinyl, pyrimidinyl, sulfone, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, boron, pyrazinyl, carbonyl, cyano, and pyridyl. 12. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 11, wherein the electron accepting group is selected from at least one of the following groups: 13. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein energy level difference of a singlet state and a triplet state of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is ≤0.3 eV. 14. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the following structures: 15. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein energy level difference between HOMO energy level and LUMO energy level of the wide bandgap material is ≥2 eV. 16. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the wide bandgap material is a compound comprising at least one of carbazolyl, carbolinyl, spirofluorenyl, fluorenyl, silyl, and phosphonooxy. 17. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 16, wherein the wide bandgap material is a compound having one of the following structures: 18. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein a mass percentage of the sensitizer material in the organic light emitting layer is 1 wt %-60 wt %;
a mass percentage of the wide bandgap material in the organic light emitting layer is 20 wt %-98.9 wt %; and a mass percentage of the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material in the organic light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-20 wt %. 19. A method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device, comprising: forming an organic light emitting layer by co-evaporation plating of a wide bandgap material source, a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material source, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material source. 20. A display apparatus, comprising the organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1. | An organic electroluminescence device, a preparation method thereof, and a display apparatus, the organic electroluminescence device including an organic light emitting layer which includes a host material, a sensitizer material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, where the host material is a wide bandgap material, and the sensitizer material is a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. The singlet state energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material falls between the singlet state energy level of the wide bandgap material and the singlet state energy level of the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. The triplet state energy level of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material falls between the triplet state energy level of the wide bandgap material and the triplet state energy level of the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.1. An organic electroluminescence device, comprising: an organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a host material, a sensitizer material, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material;
the host material is a wide bandgap material; the sensitizer material is a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material; and a singlet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the sensitizer material, and a triplet state energy level for the wide bandgap material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the sensitizer material; and a singlet state energy level for the sensitizer material is greater than a singlet state energy level for the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, and a triplet state energy level for the sensitizer material is greater than a triplet state energy level for the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. 2. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a structure represented by Formula [1]: 3. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 2, wherein three of adjacent X, A, M1 and M2 are joined into a hexatomic ring comprising two heteroatoms; and
the heteroatoms are selected from two of B, P, Si, O, S, N, and Se. 4. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 3, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a molecular mass of 200-2000. 5. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 4, wherein a is an integer from 1 to 6. 6. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 3, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the following general formulas: 7. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 6, wherein the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the following structures: 8. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound comprising an electron donating group and an electron accepting group. 9. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the electron donating group comprises at least one of carbazolyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, indolocarbazolyl, diphenylamino, triphenylamino, acridinyl, and phenazinyl. 10. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 9, wherein the electron donating group is selected from at least one of the following groups: 11. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the electron accepting group comprises at least one of triazinyl, pyrimidinyl, sulfone, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, boron, pyrazinyl, carbonyl, cyano, and pyridyl. 12. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 11, wherein the electron accepting group is selected from at least one of the following groups: 13. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein energy level difference of a singlet state and a triplet state of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is ≤0.3 eV. 14. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is a compound having one of the following structures: 15. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein energy level difference between HOMO energy level and LUMO energy level of the wide bandgap material is ≥2 eV. 16. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the wide bandgap material is a compound comprising at least one of carbazolyl, carbolinyl, spirofluorenyl, fluorenyl, silyl, and phosphonooxy. 17. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 16, wherein the wide bandgap material is a compound having one of the following structures: 18. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein a mass percentage of the sensitizer material in the organic light emitting layer is 1 wt %-60 wt %;
a mass percentage of the wide bandgap material in the organic light emitting layer is 20 wt %-98.9 wt %; and a mass percentage of the resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material in the organic light emitting layer is 0.1 wt %-20 wt %. 19. A method for preparing an organic electroluminescence device, comprising: forming an organic light emitting layer by co-evaporation plating of a wide bandgap material source, a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material source, and a resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent material source. 20. A display apparatus, comprising the organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
345,981 | 16,804,352 | 1,786 | In accordance with an example embodiment, an isolation circuit for electrically isolating a first circuit operating at a first voltage from a second circuit operating at a second voltage that is different than the first voltage is provided. The isolation circuit comprises: a first voltage source that operates at the first voltage, the first voltage source having a first supply rail and a second supply rail; an isolation device having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the second input coupled to a first ground potential and the second output coupled to a second ground potential that is electrically isolated from the first ground potential by the isolation device; a first resistor coupled between the first supply rail and the first input of the isolation device; a second resistor coupled to the first input of the isolation device and the second input of the isolation device; and wherein the first output of the isolation device is coupled to the second circuit. | 1. An isolation circuit for electrically isolating a first circuit operating at a first voltage from a second circuit operating at a second voltage that is different than the first voltage, the isolation circuit comprising:
a first voltage source that operates at the first voltage, the first voltage source having a first supply rail and a second supply rail; an isolation device having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the second input coupled to a first ground potential and the second output coupled to a second ground potential that is electrically isolated from the first ground potential by the isolation device; a first resistor coupled between the first supply rail and the first input of the isolation device; a second resistor coupled to the first input of the isolation device and the second input of the isolation device; and wherein the first output of the isolation device is coupled to the second circuit. 2. The circuit of claim 1, where the first voltage is an AC voltage. 3. A The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a bridge rectifier, the bridge rectifier comprising:
a first diode having an anode and a cathode and connected between the first resistor and the first input of the isolation device, the anode coupled to the first resistor and the cathode coupled to the first input of the isolation device; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the first input of the isolation device and the anode is coupled to the second supply rail; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the anode of the second diode and the second supply rail and the anode coupled to the second input of the isolation device; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the anode of the third diode and the second input of the isolation device and the cathode coupled to the first resistor and the anode of the first diode. 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is a DC voltage. 5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the second supply rail is connected to the first ground potential. 6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is between 48 Volts and 300 Volts. 7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the second voltage is less than 48 Volts. 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the second voltage is less than or equal to 5 Volts. 9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein second voltage is around 1 Volt to 2 Volts. 10. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor coupled between the first input to the isolation device and the second input to the isolation device. 11. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the isolation device has a third input. 12. The circuit of claim 11, further comprising a third resistor connected between the first input and the third input of the isolation device. 13. An industrial system having a motor driven by high-voltage circuitry connected to a high-voltage supply and low-voltage circuitry that is connected to a low-voltage supply and electrically isolated from the high-voltage supply, the industrial system comprising:
an isolation device coupled between the high-voltage circuitry and the low-voltage circuitry, the isolation device having a first input, a first ground connection, an output coupled to the low-voltage circuitry and a second ground connection coupled to the low-voltage circuitry and electrically isolated from the first ground connection; and the high-voltage circuitry coupled to a supply rail of the high-voltage supply, the high-voltage circuitry comprising:
a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to the supply rail and a second terminal; and
a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to the first input of the isolation device and a second terminal coupled to the first ground connection of the isolation device. 14. The industrial system of claim 13, where the high-voltage supply is an AC voltage supply. 15. The industrial system of claim 14, further comprising a bridge rectifier, the bridge rectifier comprising:
a first diode having an anode and a cathode and connected between the first resistor and the first input of the isolation device, the anode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and the cathode coupled to the first input of the isolation device; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the first input of the isolation device and the anode is coupled to a ground rail of the high-voltage supply; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the anode of the second diode and the ground rail and the anode is coupled to first ground connection of the isolation device; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the anode of the third diode and the first ground connection of the isolation device and the cathode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and the anode of the first diode. 16. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the high-voltage supply is a DC voltage supply. 17. The industrial system of claim 16, wherein the first ground connection of the isolation device is connected to a ground rail of the high-voltage supply. 18. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the high-voltage supply is between 48 Volts and 300 Volts. 19. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the low-voltage supply is less than or equal to 5 Volts. 20. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein low-voltage supply is around 1 Volt to 2 Volts. | In accordance with an example embodiment, an isolation circuit for electrically isolating a first circuit operating at a first voltage from a second circuit operating at a second voltage that is different than the first voltage is provided. The isolation circuit comprises: a first voltage source that operates at the first voltage, the first voltage source having a first supply rail and a second supply rail; an isolation device having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the second input coupled to a first ground potential and the second output coupled to a second ground potential that is electrically isolated from the first ground potential by the isolation device; a first resistor coupled between the first supply rail and the first input of the isolation device; a second resistor coupled to the first input of the isolation device and the second input of the isolation device; and wherein the first output of the isolation device is coupled to the second circuit.1. An isolation circuit for electrically isolating a first circuit operating at a first voltage from a second circuit operating at a second voltage that is different than the first voltage, the isolation circuit comprising:
a first voltage source that operates at the first voltage, the first voltage source having a first supply rail and a second supply rail; an isolation device having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the second input coupled to a first ground potential and the second output coupled to a second ground potential that is electrically isolated from the first ground potential by the isolation device; a first resistor coupled between the first supply rail and the first input of the isolation device; a second resistor coupled to the first input of the isolation device and the second input of the isolation device; and wherein the first output of the isolation device is coupled to the second circuit. 2. The circuit of claim 1, where the first voltage is an AC voltage. 3. A The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a bridge rectifier, the bridge rectifier comprising:
a first diode having an anode and a cathode and connected between the first resistor and the first input of the isolation device, the anode coupled to the first resistor and the cathode coupled to the first input of the isolation device; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the first input of the isolation device and the anode is coupled to the second supply rail; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the anode of the second diode and the second supply rail and the anode coupled to the second input of the isolation device; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the anode of the third diode and the second input of the isolation device and the cathode coupled to the first resistor and the anode of the first diode. 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is a DC voltage. 5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the second supply rail is connected to the first ground potential. 6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is between 48 Volts and 300 Volts. 7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the second voltage is less than 48 Volts. 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the second voltage is less than or equal to 5 Volts. 9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein second voltage is around 1 Volt to 2 Volts. 10. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor coupled between the first input to the isolation device and the second input to the isolation device. 11. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the isolation device has a third input. 12. The circuit of claim 11, further comprising a third resistor connected between the first input and the third input of the isolation device. 13. An industrial system having a motor driven by high-voltage circuitry connected to a high-voltage supply and low-voltage circuitry that is connected to a low-voltage supply and electrically isolated from the high-voltage supply, the industrial system comprising:
an isolation device coupled between the high-voltage circuitry and the low-voltage circuitry, the isolation device having a first input, a first ground connection, an output coupled to the low-voltage circuitry and a second ground connection coupled to the low-voltage circuitry and electrically isolated from the first ground connection; and the high-voltage circuitry coupled to a supply rail of the high-voltage supply, the high-voltage circuitry comprising:
a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to the supply rail and a second terminal; and
a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to the first input of the isolation device and a second terminal coupled to the first ground connection of the isolation device. 14. The industrial system of claim 13, where the high-voltage supply is an AC voltage supply. 15. The industrial system of claim 14, further comprising a bridge rectifier, the bridge rectifier comprising:
a first diode having an anode and a cathode and connected between the first resistor and the first input of the isolation device, the anode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and the cathode coupled to the first input of the isolation device; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the first input of the isolation device and the anode is coupled to a ground rail of the high-voltage supply; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the anode of the second diode and the ground rail and the anode is coupled to first ground connection of the isolation device; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the anode of the third diode and the first ground connection of the isolation device and the cathode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and the anode of the first diode. 16. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the high-voltage supply is a DC voltage supply. 17. The industrial system of claim 16, wherein the first ground connection of the isolation device is connected to a ground rail of the high-voltage supply. 18. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the high-voltage supply is between 48 Volts and 300 Volts. 19. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the low-voltage supply is less than or equal to 5 Volts. 20. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein low-voltage supply is around 1 Volt to 2 Volts. | 1,700 |
345,982 | 16,804,378 | 3,785 | In accordance with an example embodiment, an isolation circuit for electrically isolating a first circuit operating at a first voltage from a second circuit operating at a second voltage that is different than the first voltage is provided. The isolation circuit comprises: a first voltage source that operates at the first voltage, the first voltage source having a first supply rail and a second supply rail; an isolation device having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the second input coupled to a first ground potential and the second output coupled to a second ground potential that is electrically isolated from the first ground potential by the isolation device; a first resistor coupled between the first supply rail and the first input of the isolation device; a second resistor coupled to the first input of the isolation device and the second input of the isolation device; and wherein the first output of the isolation device is coupled to the second circuit. | 1. An isolation circuit for electrically isolating a first circuit operating at a first voltage from a second circuit operating at a second voltage that is different than the first voltage, the isolation circuit comprising:
a first voltage source that operates at the first voltage, the first voltage source having a first supply rail and a second supply rail; an isolation device having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the second input coupled to a first ground potential and the second output coupled to a second ground potential that is electrically isolated from the first ground potential by the isolation device; a first resistor coupled between the first supply rail and the first input of the isolation device; a second resistor coupled to the first input of the isolation device and the second input of the isolation device; and wherein the first output of the isolation device is coupled to the second circuit. 2. The circuit of claim 1, where the first voltage is an AC voltage. 3. A The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a bridge rectifier, the bridge rectifier comprising:
a first diode having an anode and a cathode and connected between the first resistor and the first input of the isolation device, the anode coupled to the first resistor and the cathode coupled to the first input of the isolation device; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the first input of the isolation device and the anode is coupled to the second supply rail; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the anode of the second diode and the second supply rail and the anode coupled to the second input of the isolation device; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the anode of the third diode and the second input of the isolation device and the cathode coupled to the first resistor and the anode of the first diode. 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is a DC voltage. 5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the second supply rail is connected to the first ground potential. 6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is between 48 Volts and 300 Volts. 7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the second voltage is less than 48 Volts. 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the second voltage is less than or equal to 5 Volts. 9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein second voltage is around 1 Volt to 2 Volts. 10. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor coupled between the first input to the isolation device and the second input to the isolation device. 11. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the isolation device has a third input. 12. The circuit of claim 11, further comprising a third resistor connected between the first input and the third input of the isolation device. 13. An industrial system having a motor driven by high-voltage circuitry connected to a high-voltage supply and low-voltage circuitry that is connected to a low-voltage supply and electrically isolated from the high-voltage supply, the industrial system comprising:
an isolation device coupled between the high-voltage circuitry and the low-voltage circuitry, the isolation device having a first input, a first ground connection, an output coupled to the low-voltage circuitry and a second ground connection coupled to the low-voltage circuitry and electrically isolated from the first ground connection; and the high-voltage circuitry coupled to a supply rail of the high-voltage supply, the high-voltage circuitry comprising:
a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to the supply rail and a second terminal; and
a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to the first input of the isolation device and a second terminal coupled to the first ground connection of the isolation device. 14. The industrial system of claim 13, where the high-voltage supply is an AC voltage supply. 15. The industrial system of claim 14, further comprising a bridge rectifier, the bridge rectifier comprising:
a first diode having an anode and a cathode and connected between the first resistor and the first input of the isolation device, the anode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and the cathode coupled to the first input of the isolation device; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the first input of the isolation device and the anode is coupled to a ground rail of the high-voltage supply; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the anode of the second diode and the ground rail and the anode is coupled to first ground connection of the isolation device; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the anode of the third diode and the first ground connection of the isolation device and the cathode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and the anode of the first diode. 16. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the high-voltage supply is a DC voltage supply. 17. The industrial system of claim 16, wherein the first ground connection of the isolation device is connected to a ground rail of the high-voltage supply. 18. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the high-voltage supply is between 48 Volts and 300 Volts. 19. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the low-voltage supply is less than or equal to 5 Volts. 20. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein low-voltage supply is around 1 Volt to 2 Volts. | In accordance with an example embodiment, an isolation circuit for electrically isolating a first circuit operating at a first voltage from a second circuit operating at a second voltage that is different than the first voltage is provided. The isolation circuit comprises: a first voltage source that operates at the first voltage, the first voltage source having a first supply rail and a second supply rail; an isolation device having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the second input coupled to a first ground potential and the second output coupled to a second ground potential that is electrically isolated from the first ground potential by the isolation device; a first resistor coupled between the first supply rail and the first input of the isolation device; a second resistor coupled to the first input of the isolation device and the second input of the isolation device; and wherein the first output of the isolation device is coupled to the second circuit.1. An isolation circuit for electrically isolating a first circuit operating at a first voltage from a second circuit operating at a second voltage that is different than the first voltage, the isolation circuit comprising:
a first voltage source that operates at the first voltage, the first voltage source having a first supply rail and a second supply rail; an isolation device having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the second input coupled to a first ground potential and the second output coupled to a second ground potential that is electrically isolated from the first ground potential by the isolation device; a first resistor coupled between the first supply rail and the first input of the isolation device; a second resistor coupled to the first input of the isolation device and the second input of the isolation device; and wherein the first output of the isolation device is coupled to the second circuit. 2. The circuit of claim 1, where the first voltage is an AC voltage. 3. A The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a bridge rectifier, the bridge rectifier comprising:
a first diode having an anode and a cathode and connected between the first resistor and the first input of the isolation device, the anode coupled to the first resistor and the cathode coupled to the first input of the isolation device; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the first input of the isolation device and the anode is coupled to the second supply rail; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the anode of the second diode and the second supply rail and the anode coupled to the second input of the isolation device; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the anode of the third diode and the second input of the isolation device and the cathode coupled to the first resistor and the anode of the first diode. 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is a DC voltage. 5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the second supply rail is connected to the first ground potential. 6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is between 48 Volts and 300 Volts. 7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the second voltage is less than 48 Volts. 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the second voltage is less than or equal to 5 Volts. 9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein second voltage is around 1 Volt to 2 Volts. 10. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor coupled between the first input to the isolation device and the second input to the isolation device. 11. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the isolation device has a third input. 12. The circuit of claim 11, further comprising a third resistor connected between the first input and the third input of the isolation device. 13. An industrial system having a motor driven by high-voltage circuitry connected to a high-voltage supply and low-voltage circuitry that is connected to a low-voltage supply and electrically isolated from the high-voltage supply, the industrial system comprising:
an isolation device coupled between the high-voltage circuitry and the low-voltage circuitry, the isolation device having a first input, a first ground connection, an output coupled to the low-voltage circuitry and a second ground connection coupled to the low-voltage circuitry and electrically isolated from the first ground connection; and the high-voltage circuitry coupled to a supply rail of the high-voltage supply, the high-voltage circuitry comprising:
a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to the supply rail and a second terminal; and
a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to the first input of the isolation device and a second terminal coupled to the first ground connection of the isolation device. 14. The industrial system of claim 13, where the high-voltage supply is an AC voltage supply. 15. The industrial system of claim 14, further comprising a bridge rectifier, the bridge rectifier comprising:
a first diode having an anode and a cathode and connected between the first resistor and the first input of the isolation device, the anode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and the cathode coupled to the first input of the isolation device; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the cathode of the first diode and the first input of the isolation device and the anode is coupled to a ground rail of the high-voltage supply; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode coupled to the anode of the second diode and the ground rail and the anode is coupled to first ground connection of the isolation device; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the anode of the third diode and the first ground connection of the isolation device and the cathode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and the anode of the first diode. 16. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the high-voltage supply is a DC voltage supply. 17. The industrial system of claim 16, wherein the first ground connection of the isolation device is connected to a ground rail of the high-voltage supply. 18. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the high-voltage supply is between 48 Volts and 300 Volts. 19. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein the low-voltage supply is less than or equal to 5 Volts. 20. The industrial system of claim 13, wherein low-voltage supply is around 1 Volt to 2 Volts. | 3,700 |
345,983 | 16,804,432 | 3,785 | A system and method for compiling and converting Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) files into a binary database. The system and method include a controller module for receiving, extracting, converting, performing a set of quality checks, and directing the output or communication of the binary database to a remote server. The remote server can include a controller module that can verify validity of the communicated binary database and create aircraft loadable media for a flight management system navigational database. | 1. A method for facilitating data communication, comprising:
receiving, with a controller module, incoming data related to operation of an aircraft; extracting, with the controller module, a subset of the incoming data based on a set of predetermined parameters; converting, with the controller module, the subset of the incoming data to binary data according to a binary format and including a digital signature on the binary data; performing, with the controller module, a set of quality checks on the binary data according to the binary format and wherein at least one of the set of quality checks includes automatically determining if the digital signature is satisfied; and directing, an output of communication of the binary data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting, with the controller module, the incoming data into an intermediate format distinct from the format of the incoming data and the binary format. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising evaluating, with the controller module, at least one of a content, a type, and a fidelity of the incoming data prior to extracting. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the evaluating comprises at least two of the group of: independent field checks, interrelated field checks, interrelated record checks, and support data checks. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing a notification related to the evaluating and wherein the incoming data is one of validated or corrected prior to extracting. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the binary data is compressed by an order of magnitude as compared to the subset. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the converting to the binary data according to the binary format further comprises providing retrieval information for improved access over the binary data without the retrieval information. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the controller module compares the subset of the incoming data to a prior iteration of the subset of the incoming data and converting to the binary data occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied in the comparing. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one set of the quality checks includes comparing the binary data to a prior iteration of the binary data and directing occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied by the comparing. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the incoming data includes a plurality of records, each record of the plurality of records related to one piece of navigation information from a group including: an airport, a runway, a waypoint, a navaid, an airway, an arrival route, and a departure route. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the binary data forms a database for at least one given cycle for a flight management system of an aircraft. 12. A system for compiling and converting Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) files into a binary database:
a controller module configured to receive incoming data in Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 format or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) format, extract a subset of the incoming data based on a set of predetermined parameters, convert the subset of the incoming data to binary data according to a binary format and including a digital signature on the binary data, perform a set of quality checks on the binary data according to the binary format and wherein at least one of the set of quality checks includes automatically determining if the digital signature is satisfied, and direct an output of communication of the binary data. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller module further converts the incoming data into an intermediate format distinct from the ARINC 424 format, the DAFIF format, and the binary format. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller module further evaluates the at least one of a content, a type, and a fidelity of the incoming data in the intermediate format prior to extracting a subset of the incoming data. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the evaluating comprises at least two of the group of: independent field checks, interrelated field checks, interrelated record checks, and support data checks. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller module further provides a notification related to the evaluating and wherein the incoming data is one of validated or corrected prior to extracting. 17. The system of claim 12 wherein during the conversion to the binary format, the controller module further provides retrieval information for improved access over the binary data without the retrieval information. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller module compares the subset of the incoming data to a prior iteration of the subset of the incoming data and converting to the binary data occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied in the comparing. 19. The system of claim 12 wherein the at least one set of the quality checks by the controller module includes comparing the binary data to a prior iteration of the binary data and directing occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied by the comparing. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein the incoming data includes a plurality of records, each record of the plurality of records related to one piece of navigation information from a group including: an airport, a runway, a waypoint, a navaid, an airway, an arrival route, and a departure route. | A system and method for compiling and converting Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) files into a binary database. The system and method include a controller module for receiving, extracting, converting, performing a set of quality checks, and directing the output or communication of the binary database to a remote server. The remote server can include a controller module that can verify validity of the communicated binary database and create aircraft loadable media for a flight management system navigational database.1. A method for facilitating data communication, comprising:
receiving, with a controller module, incoming data related to operation of an aircraft; extracting, with the controller module, a subset of the incoming data based on a set of predetermined parameters; converting, with the controller module, the subset of the incoming data to binary data according to a binary format and including a digital signature on the binary data; performing, with the controller module, a set of quality checks on the binary data according to the binary format and wherein at least one of the set of quality checks includes automatically determining if the digital signature is satisfied; and directing, an output of communication of the binary data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting, with the controller module, the incoming data into an intermediate format distinct from the format of the incoming data and the binary format. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising evaluating, with the controller module, at least one of a content, a type, and a fidelity of the incoming data prior to extracting. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the evaluating comprises at least two of the group of: independent field checks, interrelated field checks, interrelated record checks, and support data checks. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing a notification related to the evaluating and wherein the incoming data is one of validated or corrected prior to extracting. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the binary data is compressed by an order of magnitude as compared to the subset. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the converting to the binary data according to the binary format further comprises providing retrieval information for improved access over the binary data without the retrieval information. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the controller module compares the subset of the incoming data to a prior iteration of the subset of the incoming data and converting to the binary data occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied in the comparing. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one set of the quality checks includes comparing the binary data to a prior iteration of the binary data and directing occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied by the comparing. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the incoming data includes a plurality of records, each record of the plurality of records related to one piece of navigation information from a group including: an airport, a runway, a waypoint, a navaid, an airway, an arrival route, and a departure route. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the binary data forms a database for at least one given cycle for a flight management system of an aircraft. 12. A system for compiling and converting Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) files into a binary database:
a controller module configured to receive incoming data in Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 format or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) format, extract a subset of the incoming data based on a set of predetermined parameters, convert the subset of the incoming data to binary data according to a binary format and including a digital signature on the binary data, perform a set of quality checks on the binary data according to the binary format and wherein at least one of the set of quality checks includes automatically determining if the digital signature is satisfied, and direct an output of communication of the binary data. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller module further converts the incoming data into an intermediate format distinct from the ARINC 424 format, the DAFIF format, and the binary format. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller module further evaluates the at least one of a content, a type, and a fidelity of the incoming data in the intermediate format prior to extracting a subset of the incoming data. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the evaluating comprises at least two of the group of: independent field checks, interrelated field checks, interrelated record checks, and support data checks. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller module further provides a notification related to the evaluating and wherein the incoming data is one of validated or corrected prior to extracting. 17. The system of claim 12 wherein during the conversion to the binary format, the controller module further provides retrieval information for improved access over the binary data without the retrieval information. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller module compares the subset of the incoming data to a prior iteration of the subset of the incoming data and converting to the binary data occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied in the comparing. 19. The system of claim 12 wherein the at least one set of the quality checks by the controller module includes comparing the binary data to a prior iteration of the binary data and directing occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied by the comparing. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein the incoming data includes a plurality of records, each record of the plurality of records related to one piece of navigation information from a group including: an airport, a runway, a waypoint, a navaid, an airway, an arrival route, and a departure route. | 3,700 |
345,984 | 16,804,391 | 2,631 | A system and method for compiling and converting Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) files into a binary database. The system and method include a controller module for receiving, extracting, converting, performing a set of quality checks, and directing the output or communication of the binary database to a remote server. The remote server can include a controller module that can verify validity of the communicated binary database and create aircraft loadable media for a flight management system navigational database. | 1. A method for facilitating data communication, comprising:
receiving, with a controller module, incoming data related to operation of an aircraft; extracting, with the controller module, a subset of the incoming data based on a set of predetermined parameters; converting, with the controller module, the subset of the incoming data to binary data according to a binary format and including a digital signature on the binary data; performing, with the controller module, a set of quality checks on the binary data according to the binary format and wherein at least one of the set of quality checks includes automatically determining if the digital signature is satisfied; and directing, an output of communication of the binary data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting, with the controller module, the incoming data into an intermediate format distinct from the format of the incoming data and the binary format. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising evaluating, with the controller module, at least one of a content, a type, and a fidelity of the incoming data prior to extracting. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the evaluating comprises at least two of the group of: independent field checks, interrelated field checks, interrelated record checks, and support data checks. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing a notification related to the evaluating and wherein the incoming data is one of validated or corrected prior to extracting. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the binary data is compressed by an order of magnitude as compared to the subset. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the converting to the binary data according to the binary format further comprises providing retrieval information for improved access over the binary data without the retrieval information. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the controller module compares the subset of the incoming data to a prior iteration of the subset of the incoming data and converting to the binary data occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied in the comparing. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one set of the quality checks includes comparing the binary data to a prior iteration of the binary data and directing occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied by the comparing. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the incoming data includes a plurality of records, each record of the plurality of records related to one piece of navigation information from a group including: an airport, a runway, a waypoint, a navaid, an airway, an arrival route, and a departure route. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the binary data forms a database for at least one given cycle for a flight management system of an aircraft. 12. A system for compiling and converting Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) files into a binary database:
a controller module configured to receive incoming data in Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 format or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) format, extract a subset of the incoming data based on a set of predetermined parameters, convert the subset of the incoming data to binary data according to a binary format and including a digital signature on the binary data, perform a set of quality checks on the binary data according to the binary format and wherein at least one of the set of quality checks includes automatically determining if the digital signature is satisfied, and direct an output of communication of the binary data. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller module further converts the incoming data into an intermediate format distinct from the ARINC 424 format, the DAFIF format, and the binary format. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller module further evaluates the at least one of a content, a type, and a fidelity of the incoming data in the intermediate format prior to extracting a subset of the incoming data. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the evaluating comprises at least two of the group of: independent field checks, interrelated field checks, interrelated record checks, and support data checks. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller module further provides a notification related to the evaluating and wherein the incoming data is one of validated or corrected prior to extracting. 17. The system of claim 12 wherein during the conversion to the binary format, the controller module further provides retrieval information for improved access over the binary data without the retrieval information. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller module compares the subset of the incoming data to a prior iteration of the subset of the incoming data and converting to the binary data occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied in the comparing. 19. The system of claim 12 wherein the at least one set of the quality checks by the controller module includes comparing the binary data to a prior iteration of the binary data and directing occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied by the comparing. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein the incoming data includes a plurality of records, each record of the plurality of records related to one piece of navigation information from a group including: an airport, a runway, a waypoint, a navaid, an airway, an arrival route, and a departure route. | A system and method for compiling and converting Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) files into a binary database. The system and method include a controller module for receiving, extracting, converting, performing a set of quality checks, and directing the output or communication of the binary database to a remote server. The remote server can include a controller module that can verify validity of the communicated binary database and create aircraft loadable media for a flight management system navigational database.1. A method for facilitating data communication, comprising:
receiving, with a controller module, incoming data related to operation of an aircraft; extracting, with the controller module, a subset of the incoming data based on a set of predetermined parameters; converting, with the controller module, the subset of the incoming data to binary data according to a binary format and including a digital signature on the binary data; performing, with the controller module, a set of quality checks on the binary data according to the binary format and wherein at least one of the set of quality checks includes automatically determining if the digital signature is satisfied; and directing, an output of communication of the binary data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting, with the controller module, the incoming data into an intermediate format distinct from the format of the incoming data and the binary format. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising evaluating, with the controller module, at least one of a content, a type, and a fidelity of the incoming data prior to extracting. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the evaluating comprises at least two of the group of: independent field checks, interrelated field checks, interrelated record checks, and support data checks. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing a notification related to the evaluating and wherein the incoming data is one of validated or corrected prior to extracting. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the binary data is compressed by an order of magnitude as compared to the subset. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the converting to the binary data according to the binary format further comprises providing retrieval information for improved access over the binary data without the retrieval information. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the controller module compares the subset of the incoming data to a prior iteration of the subset of the incoming data and converting to the binary data occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied in the comparing. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one set of the quality checks includes comparing the binary data to a prior iteration of the binary data and directing occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied by the comparing. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the incoming data includes a plurality of records, each record of the plurality of records related to one piece of navigation information from a group including: an airport, a runway, a waypoint, a navaid, an airway, an arrival route, and a departure route. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the binary data forms a database for at least one given cycle for a flight management system of an aircraft. 12. A system for compiling and converting Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) files into a binary database:
a controller module configured to receive incoming data in Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) 424 format or Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF) format, extract a subset of the incoming data based on a set of predetermined parameters, convert the subset of the incoming data to binary data according to a binary format and including a digital signature on the binary data, perform a set of quality checks on the binary data according to the binary format and wherein at least one of the set of quality checks includes automatically determining if the digital signature is satisfied, and direct an output of communication of the binary data. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller module further converts the incoming data into an intermediate format distinct from the ARINC 424 format, the DAFIF format, and the binary format. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller module further evaluates the at least one of a content, a type, and a fidelity of the incoming data in the intermediate format prior to extracting a subset of the incoming data. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the evaluating comprises at least two of the group of: independent field checks, interrelated field checks, interrelated record checks, and support data checks. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller module further provides a notification related to the evaluating and wherein the incoming data is one of validated or corrected prior to extracting. 17. The system of claim 12 wherein during the conversion to the binary format, the controller module further provides retrieval information for improved access over the binary data without the retrieval information. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller module compares the subset of the incoming data to a prior iteration of the subset of the incoming data and converting to the binary data occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied in the comparing. 19. The system of claim 12 wherein the at least one set of the quality checks by the controller module includes comparing the binary data to a prior iteration of the binary data and directing occurs when at least one predetermined statistical analysis is satisfied by the comparing. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein the incoming data includes a plurality of records, each record of the plurality of records related to one piece of navigation information from a group including: an airport, a runway, a waypoint, a navaid, an airway, an arrival route, and a departure route. | 2,600 |
345,985 | 16,804,349 | 2,631 | A system and method of varied terms and conditions of a subsidized loan includes a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral; a collateral classification circuit structured to identify, among the plurality of items of collateral, at least one group of related items of collateral, wherein each member of the at least one group shares a common attribute; and a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract defines a subset of items of collateral as security for a set of loans, wherein the subset of items of collateral is selected from the at least one group of related items of collateral. | 1. A system, comprising:
a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral; a collateral classification circuit structured to identify, among the plurality of items of collateral, at least one group of related items of collateral, wherein each member of the at least one group shares a common attribute; and a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract defines a subset of items of collateral as security for a set of loans, wherein the subset of items of collateral is selected from the at least one group of related items of collateral. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the collateral classification circuit is further structured to select the common attribute from the received data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the smart lending contract is further structured to identify the subset of items of collateral in real-time, and wherein the common attribute is a similarity of status of the items of collateral. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the similarity of status is based on each of the subset of items of collateral being in transit during a defined time period. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a valuation circuit structured to determine, based on the received data and a valuation model, a value for each item of collateral in the subset of items of collateral, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to redefine the subset based on the value for each item of collateral. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to:
determine at least one of a term or a condition for the smart lending contract based on the value of at least one of the subset of items of collateral; and modify the smart lending contract to include the at least one of the term or the condition. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the valuation circuit comprises a valuation model improvement circuit, wherein the valuation model improvement circuit is structured to modify the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the collateral classification circuit is further structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the subset of items of collateral share a common attribute. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information for at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to: monitor one of pricing or financial data for at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral in at least one public marketplace; and report the monitored one of pricing or financial data. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a blockchain service circuit structured to store the at least one of the smart lending contract or a reference to the smart lending contract as blockchain data. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reporting circuit structured to report a collateral event based on the received data, wherein the collateral event is related to a value of one of the plurality of items of collateral, a condition of one of the plurality of items of collateral, or an ownership of one of the plurality of items of collateral. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to perform a collateral-related action in response to the collateral event. 14. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to at least one of a plurality of items of collateral; identifying a group of the plurality of items of collateral, wherein each member of the group share a common attribute; identifying a subset of the group as security of a plurality of loans; and creating a plurality of smart lending contracts for the plurality of loans. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a value for each item of collateral in the subset of the group using received data and a valuation model. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising redefining, based on the value for each item of collateral in the subset of items of collateral, the subset of items of collateral used as security for the plurality of loans, of the group. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining at least one of a term or a condition for at least one of the plurality of smart lending contracts based on the value for at least one of the plurality of items of collateral in the subset of the group. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising modifying the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising identifying a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the group of the plurality of items of collateral share a common attribute. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising monitoring and reporting marketplace information for the group of off-set items of collateral. | A system and method of varied terms and conditions of a subsidized loan includes a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral; a collateral classification circuit structured to identify, among the plurality of items of collateral, at least one group of related items of collateral, wherein each member of the at least one group shares a common attribute; and a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract defines a subset of items of collateral as security for a set of loans, wherein the subset of items of collateral is selected from the at least one group of related items of collateral.1. A system, comprising:
a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral; a collateral classification circuit structured to identify, among the plurality of items of collateral, at least one group of related items of collateral, wherein each member of the at least one group shares a common attribute; and a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract defines a subset of items of collateral as security for a set of loans, wherein the subset of items of collateral is selected from the at least one group of related items of collateral. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the collateral classification circuit is further structured to select the common attribute from the received data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the smart lending contract is further structured to identify the subset of items of collateral in real-time, and wherein the common attribute is a similarity of status of the items of collateral. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the similarity of status is based on each of the subset of items of collateral being in transit during a defined time period. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a valuation circuit structured to determine, based on the received data and a valuation model, a value for each item of collateral in the subset of items of collateral, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to redefine the subset based on the value for each item of collateral. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to:
determine at least one of a term or a condition for the smart lending contract based on the value of at least one of the subset of items of collateral; and modify the smart lending contract to include the at least one of the term or the condition. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the valuation circuit comprises a valuation model improvement circuit, wherein the valuation model improvement circuit is structured to modify the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the collateral classification circuit is further structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the subset of items of collateral share a common attribute. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information for at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to: monitor one of pricing or financial data for at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral in at least one public marketplace; and report the monitored one of pricing or financial data. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a blockchain service circuit structured to store the at least one of the smart lending contract or a reference to the smart lending contract as blockchain data. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reporting circuit structured to report a collateral event based on the received data, wherein the collateral event is related to a value of one of the plurality of items of collateral, a condition of one of the plurality of items of collateral, or an ownership of one of the plurality of items of collateral. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to perform a collateral-related action in response to the collateral event. 14. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to at least one of a plurality of items of collateral; identifying a group of the plurality of items of collateral, wherein each member of the group share a common attribute; identifying a subset of the group as security of a plurality of loans; and creating a plurality of smart lending contracts for the plurality of loans. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a value for each item of collateral in the subset of the group using received data and a valuation model. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising redefining, based on the value for each item of collateral in the subset of items of collateral, the subset of items of collateral used as security for the plurality of loans, of the group. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining at least one of a term or a condition for at least one of the plurality of smart lending contracts based on the value for at least one of the plurality of items of collateral in the subset of the group. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising modifying the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising identifying a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the group of the plurality of items of collateral share a common attribute. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising monitoring and reporting marketplace information for the group of off-set items of collateral. | 2,600 |
345,986 | 16,804,335 | 2,631 | A system and method of varied terms and conditions of a subsidized loan includes a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral; a collateral classification circuit structured to identify, among the plurality of items of collateral, at least one group of related items of collateral, wherein each member of the at least one group shares a common attribute; and a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract defines a subset of items of collateral as security for a set of loans, wherein the subset of items of collateral is selected from the at least one group of related items of collateral. | 1. A system, comprising:
a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral; a collateral classification circuit structured to identify, among the plurality of items of collateral, at least one group of related items of collateral, wherein each member of the at least one group shares a common attribute; and a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract defines a subset of items of collateral as security for a set of loans, wherein the subset of items of collateral is selected from the at least one group of related items of collateral. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the collateral classification circuit is further structured to select the common attribute from the received data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the smart lending contract is further structured to identify the subset of items of collateral in real-time, and wherein the common attribute is a similarity of status of the items of collateral. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the similarity of status is based on each of the subset of items of collateral being in transit during a defined time period. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a valuation circuit structured to determine, based on the received data and a valuation model, a value for each item of collateral in the subset of items of collateral, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to redefine the subset based on the value for each item of collateral. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to:
determine at least one of a term or a condition for the smart lending contract based on the value of at least one of the subset of items of collateral; and modify the smart lending contract to include the at least one of the term or the condition. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the valuation circuit comprises a valuation model improvement circuit, wherein the valuation model improvement circuit is structured to modify the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the collateral classification circuit is further structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the subset of items of collateral share a common attribute. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information for at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to: monitor one of pricing or financial data for at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral in at least one public marketplace; and report the monitored one of pricing or financial data. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a blockchain service circuit structured to store the at least one of the smart lending contract or a reference to the smart lending contract as blockchain data. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reporting circuit structured to report a collateral event based on the received data, wherein the collateral event is related to a value of one of the plurality of items of collateral, a condition of one of the plurality of items of collateral, or an ownership of one of the plurality of items of collateral. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to perform a collateral-related action in response to the collateral event. 14. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to at least one of a plurality of items of collateral; identifying a group of the plurality of items of collateral, wherein each member of the group share a common attribute; identifying a subset of the group as security of a plurality of loans; and creating a plurality of smart lending contracts for the plurality of loans. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a value for each item of collateral in the subset of the group using received data and a valuation model. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising redefining, based on the value for each item of collateral in the subset of items of collateral, the subset of items of collateral used as security for the plurality of loans, of the group. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining at least one of a term or a condition for at least one of the plurality of smart lending contracts based on the value for at least one of the plurality of items of collateral in the subset of the group. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising modifying the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising identifying a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the group of the plurality of items of collateral share a common attribute. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising monitoring and reporting marketplace information for the group of off-set items of collateral. | A system and method of varied terms and conditions of a subsidized loan includes a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral; a collateral classification circuit structured to identify, among the plurality of items of collateral, at least one group of related items of collateral, wherein each member of the at least one group shares a common attribute; and a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract defines a subset of items of collateral as security for a set of loans, wherein the subset of items of collateral is selected from the at least one group of related items of collateral.1. A system, comprising:
a data collection circuit structured to receive data related to a plurality of items of collateral; a collateral classification circuit structured to identify, among the plurality of items of collateral, at least one group of related items of collateral, wherein each member of the at least one group shares a common attribute; and a smart contract circuit structured to create a smart lending contract, wherein the smart lending contract defines a subset of items of collateral as security for a set of loans, wherein the subset of items of collateral is selected from the at least one group of related items of collateral. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the collateral classification circuit is further structured to select the common attribute from the received data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the smart lending contract is further structured to identify the subset of items of collateral in real-time, and wherein the common attribute is a similarity of status of the items of collateral. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the similarity of status is based on each of the subset of items of collateral being in transit during a defined time period. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a valuation circuit structured to determine, based on the received data and a valuation model, a value for each item of collateral in the subset of items of collateral, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to redefine the subset based on the value for each item of collateral. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the smart contract circuit is further structured to:
determine at least one of a term or a condition for the smart lending contract based on the value of at least one of the subset of items of collateral; and modify the smart lending contract to include the at least one of the term or the condition. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the valuation circuit comprises a valuation model improvement circuit, wherein the valuation model improvement circuit is structured to modify the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the collateral classification circuit is further structured to identify a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the subset of items of collateral share a common attribute. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the valuation circuit further comprises a market value data collection circuit structured to monitor and report marketplace information for at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the market value data collection circuit is further structured to: monitor one of pricing or financial data for at least one of the group of off-set items of collateral in at least one public marketplace; and report the monitored one of pricing or financial data. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a blockchain service circuit structured to store the at least one of the smart lending contract or a reference to the smart lending contract as blockchain data. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reporting circuit structured to report a collateral event based on the received data, wherein the collateral event is related to a value of one of the plurality of items of collateral, a condition of one of the plurality of items of collateral, or an ownership of one of the plurality of items of collateral. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising an automated agent circuit structured to perform a collateral-related action in response to the collateral event. 14. A method, comprising:
receiving data related to at least one of a plurality of items of collateral; identifying a group of the plurality of items of collateral, wherein each member of the group share a common attribute; identifying a subset of the group as security of a plurality of loans; and creating a plurality of smart lending contracts for the plurality of loans. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a value for each item of collateral in the subset of the group using received data and a valuation model. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising redefining, based on the value for each item of collateral in the subset of items of collateral, the subset of items of collateral used as security for the plurality of loans, of the group. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining at least one of a term or a condition for at least one of the plurality of smart lending contracts based on the value for at least one of the plurality of items of collateral in the subset of the group. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising modifying the valuation model based on a first set of valuation determinations for a first set of items of collateral and a corresponding set of loan outcomes having the first set of items of collateral as security. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising identifying a group of off-set items of collateral, wherein each member of the group of off-set items of collateral and the group of the plurality of items of collateral share a common attribute. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising monitoring and reporting marketplace information for the group of off-set items of collateral. | 2,600 |
345,987 | 16,804,438 | 2,631 | A method of sorting articles by means of a sorting system comprising N sorting machines (M1, MN) operating in parallel, in which method the articles are divided into N groups (G1, GN) of articles to be processed in parallel on the N sorting machines, at least one of the N groups of articles is subdivided into sub-groups of articles (G1.1, G1.N-1), and, if it is detected that one of the N machines is being rested, then the method comprises the steps of: feeding the N−1 other sorting machines with the sub-groups of articles from said subdivided group of articles and sorting these sub-groups of articles in parallel on the N−1 other sorting machines; and feeding the N−1 other sorting machines with the N−1 other groups of articles and sorting these N−1 groups of articles in parallel on said N−1 other sorting machines. | 1. A method of sorting articles by a sorting system comprising N sorting machines operating in parallel and having sorting outlets, wherein the articles are divided into N groups of articles to be processed in parallel on the N sorting machines, at least one of the N groups of articles is subdivided into sub-groups of articles, and, if it is detected that one of the N machines is being rested, then the method comprises the steps of:
feeding the N−1 other sorting machines with the sub-groups of articles from said subdivided group of articles and sorting these sub-groups of articles in parallel on the N−1 other sorting machines; and feeding the N−1 other sorting machines with the N−1 other groups of articles and sorting these N−1 groups of articles in parallel on the N−1 other sorting machines. 2. The method of sorting articles according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the N groups of articles are subdivided into sub-groups of articles, and if it is detected that two of the N machines are being rested, then the method comprises the steps of:
feeding the N−2 other sorting machines with the sub-groups of articles from one of said subdivided groups of articles and sorting these sub-groups of articles in parallel on the N−2 other sorting machines; feeding the N−2 other sorting machines with the sub-groups of articles from the other of said subdivided groups of articles and sorting these sub-groups of articles in parallel on the N−2 other sorting machines; and feeding the N−2 other sorting machines with the N−2 other groups of articles and sorting these N−2 groups of articles in parallel on the N−2 other sorting machines. 3. The method of sorting articles according to claim 2, wherein the articles are postal articles. 4. The method of sorting articles according to claim 1, wherein the articles are postal articles. | A method of sorting articles by means of a sorting system comprising N sorting machines (M1, MN) operating in parallel, in which method the articles are divided into N groups (G1, GN) of articles to be processed in parallel on the N sorting machines, at least one of the N groups of articles is subdivided into sub-groups of articles (G1.1, G1.N-1), and, if it is detected that one of the N machines is being rested, then the method comprises the steps of: feeding the N−1 other sorting machines with the sub-groups of articles from said subdivided group of articles and sorting these sub-groups of articles in parallel on the N−1 other sorting machines; and feeding the N−1 other sorting machines with the N−1 other groups of articles and sorting these N−1 groups of articles in parallel on said N−1 other sorting machines.1. A method of sorting articles by a sorting system comprising N sorting machines operating in parallel and having sorting outlets, wherein the articles are divided into N groups of articles to be processed in parallel on the N sorting machines, at least one of the N groups of articles is subdivided into sub-groups of articles, and, if it is detected that one of the N machines is being rested, then the method comprises the steps of:
feeding the N−1 other sorting machines with the sub-groups of articles from said subdivided group of articles and sorting these sub-groups of articles in parallel on the N−1 other sorting machines; and feeding the N−1 other sorting machines with the N−1 other groups of articles and sorting these N−1 groups of articles in parallel on the N−1 other sorting machines. 2. The method of sorting articles according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the N groups of articles are subdivided into sub-groups of articles, and if it is detected that two of the N machines are being rested, then the method comprises the steps of:
feeding the N−2 other sorting machines with the sub-groups of articles from one of said subdivided groups of articles and sorting these sub-groups of articles in parallel on the N−2 other sorting machines; feeding the N−2 other sorting machines with the sub-groups of articles from the other of said subdivided groups of articles and sorting these sub-groups of articles in parallel on the N−2 other sorting machines; and feeding the N−2 other sorting machines with the N−2 other groups of articles and sorting these N−2 groups of articles in parallel on the N−2 other sorting machines. 3. The method of sorting articles according to claim 2, wherein the articles are postal articles. 4. The method of sorting articles according to claim 1, wherein the articles are postal articles. | 2,600 |
345,988 | 16,804,445 | 3,626 | A system and method for gathering and analyzing electronic records. The method comprises collecting user value statements, determining personal product differentiation (PPD) scores based on the user value statements, collecting experiences related to a user reaction to a product, analyzing the collected experiences based on the PPDs, and generating at least a recommendation of a preferred product for the user. | 1. A method for gathering and analyzing electronic records comprising:
collecting user value statements; determining personal product differentiation (PPD) scores based on the user value statements; collecting experiences related to a user reaction to a product; analyzing the collected experiences based on the PPDs; and generating at least a recommendation of a preferred product for the user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the user value statements includes patient value statements (PVS), and wherein collecting PVS further comprises:
collecting a patient's demographic information; identifying at least one disease area; collecting prioritized symptoms; and collecting prioritized preferences. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the collected prioritized preferences include at least one of: routes of administration, unwanted side effects, cost, and lifestyle concerns. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the personal product differentiation (PPD) scores further comprises:
gathering key inputs, wherein key inputs include at least one of: patient medical records, patient healthcare formulary, drug interactions, and product details; and analyzing how each product best meets the PVS while eliminating adverse drug interactions. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the collected experiences includes treatment experiences, and wherein collecting treatment experiences further comprises:
gathering product monitoring requirements; establishing a tailored monitoring plan; gathering patient treatment experiences based on the tailored monitoring plan; and updating at least one blinded patient experience database. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein analyzing the collected patient experiences further comprises using artificial intelligence on the collected treatment experiences. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein using artificial intelligence on the collected treatment experiences further comprises:
analyzing features extracted from at least one key database, wherein the least one key database includes any one of: a blinded patient experience database and a blinded patient information database 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
using artificial intelligence routines to identify one or more of trends, predictions, learnings, and commonalities. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic records are human experience records, and wherein the preferred product is a drug in a specific disease area. 10. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a user interface; and displaying, through the user interface, at least one of: product names, product logos, active ingredients, approval dates, medical history information, administration information, side effect information, and indicator labels. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a processing circuitry to execute a process, the process comprising:
collecting user value statements; determining personal product differentiation (PPD) scores based on the user value statements; collecting experiences related to a user reaction to a product; analyzing the collected experiences based on the PPDs; and generating at least a recommendation of a preferred product for the user. 12. A system for gathering and analyzing human medical treatment experiences, comprising:
a processing circuitry; and a memory, the memory containing instructions that, when executed by the processing circuitry, configure the system to: collect user value statements; determine personal product differentiation (PPD) scores based on the user value statements; collect experiences related to a user reaction to a product; analyze the collected experiences based on the PPDs; and generate at least a recommendation of a preferred product for the user. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the user value statements includes patient value statements (PVS), and wherein the system is further configured to:
collect a patient's demographic information; identify at least one disease area; collect prioritized symptoms; and collect prioritized preferences. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the collected prioritized preferences include at least one of: routes of administration, unwanted side effects, cost, and lifestyle concerns. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the system to is further configured to:
gather key inputs, wherein key inputs include at least one of: patient medical records, patient healthcare formulary, drug interactions, and product details; and analyze how each product best meets the PVS while eliminating adverse drug interactions. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the collected experiences includes treatment experiences, and wherein the system is further configured to:
gather product monitoring requirements; establish a tailored monitoring plan; gather patient treatment experiences based on the tailored monitoring plan; and update at least one blinded patient experience database. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the system is further configured to use artificial intelligence on the collected treatment experiences. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the system is further configured to:
analyze features extracted from at least one key database, wherein the least one key database includes any one of: a blinded patient experience database and a blinded patient information database 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the system is further configured to:
use artificial intelligence routines to identify one or more of trends, predictions, learnings, and commonalities. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the electronic records are human experience records, and wherein the preferred product is a drug in a specific disease area. 21. The method of claim 12, wherein the system is further configured to:
generate a user interface; and display, through the user interface, at least one of: product names, product logos, active ingredients, approval dates, medical history information, administration information, side effect information, and indicator labels. | A system and method for gathering and analyzing electronic records. The method comprises collecting user value statements, determining personal product differentiation (PPD) scores based on the user value statements, collecting experiences related to a user reaction to a product, analyzing the collected experiences based on the PPDs, and generating at least a recommendation of a preferred product for the user.1. A method for gathering and analyzing electronic records comprising:
collecting user value statements; determining personal product differentiation (PPD) scores based on the user value statements; collecting experiences related to a user reaction to a product; analyzing the collected experiences based on the PPDs; and generating at least a recommendation of a preferred product for the user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the user value statements includes patient value statements (PVS), and wherein collecting PVS further comprises:
collecting a patient's demographic information; identifying at least one disease area; collecting prioritized symptoms; and collecting prioritized preferences. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the collected prioritized preferences include at least one of: routes of administration, unwanted side effects, cost, and lifestyle concerns. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the personal product differentiation (PPD) scores further comprises:
gathering key inputs, wherein key inputs include at least one of: patient medical records, patient healthcare formulary, drug interactions, and product details; and analyzing how each product best meets the PVS while eliminating adverse drug interactions. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the collected experiences includes treatment experiences, and wherein collecting treatment experiences further comprises:
gathering product monitoring requirements; establishing a tailored monitoring plan; gathering patient treatment experiences based on the tailored monitoring plan; and updating at least one blinded patient experience database. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein analyzing the collected patient experiences further comprises using artificial intelligence on the collected treatment experiences. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein using artificial intelligence on the collected treatment experiences further comprises:
analyzing features extracted from at least one key database, wherein the least one key database includes any one of: a blinded patient experience database and a blinded patient information database 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
using artificial intelligence routines to identify one or more of trends, predictions, learnings, and commonalities. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic records are human experience records, and wherein the preferred product is a drug in a specific disease area. 10. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a user interface; and displaying, through the user interface, at least one of: product names, product logos, active ingredients, approval dates, medical history information, administration information, side effect information, and indicator labels. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a processing circuitry to execute a process, the process comprising:
collecting user value statements; determining personal product differentiation (PPD) scores based on the user value statements; collecting experiences related to a user reaction to a product; analyzing the collected experiences based on the PPDs; and generating at least a recommendation of a preferred product for the user. 12. A system for gathering and analyzing human medical treatment experiences, comprising:
a processing circuitry; and a memory, the memory containing instructions that, when executed by the processing circuitry, configure the system to: collect user value statements; determine personal product differentiation (PPD) scores based on the user value statements; collect experiences related to a user reaction to a product; analyze the collected experiences based on the PPDs; and generate at least a recommendation of a preferred product for the user. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the user value statements includes patient value statements (PVS), and wherein the system is further configured to:
collect a patient's demographic information; identify at least one disease area; collect prioritized symptoms; and collect prioritized preferences. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the collected prioritized preferences include at least one of: routes of administration, unwanted side effects, cost, and lifestyle concerns. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the system to is further configured to:
gather key inputs, wherein key inputs include at least one of: patient medical records, patient healthcare formulary, drug interactions, and product details; and analyze how each product best meets the PVS while eliminating adverse drug interactions. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the collected experiences includes treatment experiences, and wherein the system is further configured to:
gather product monitoring requirements; establish a tailored monitoring plan; gather patient treatment experiences based on the tailored monitoring plan; and update at least one blinded patient experience database. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the system is further configured to use artificial intelligence on the collected treatment experiences. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the system is further configured to:
analyze features extracted from at least one key database, wherein the least one key database includes any one of: a blinded patient experience database and a blinded patient information database 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the system is further configured to:
use artificial intelligence routines to identify one or more of trends, predictions, learnings, and commonalities. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the electronic records are human experience records, and wherein the preferred product is a drug in a specific disease area. 21. The method of claim 12, wherein the system is further configured to:
generate a user interface; and display, through the user interface, at least one of: product names, product logos, active ingredients, approval dates, medical history information, administration information, side effect information, and indicator labels. | 3,600 |
345,989 | 16,804,381 | 3,626 | A capacitor includes a body including a plurality of dielectric layers, first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween, and first and second insulating regions. The first insulating region is disposed in each of the first internal electrodes and includes a first connection electrode disposed therein. The second insulating region is disposed in each of the second internal electrodes and includes a second connection electrode disposed therein. The products D1×Td and D2×Td are greater than 20 μm2, where Td is a thickness of the dielectric layer, and D1 and D2 are widths of the first and second insulating regions, respectively. | 1. A capacitor comprising:
a body including a plurality of dielectric layers; first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween; a first insulating region, disposed in each of the first internal electrodes, including a first connection electrode disposed therein; and a second insulating region, disposed in each of the second internal electrodes, including a second connection electrode disposed therein, wherein D1×Td and D2×Td are greater than 20 μm2 and 60 μm2 or less, where Td is a thickness of the dielectric layer, and D1 and D2 are widths of the first and second insulating regions, respectively. 2. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein the first and second insulating regions and the first and second connection electrodes are disposed at edges of the first and second internal electrodes. 3. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein the capacitor includes at least two first insulating regions each disposed in each of the first internal electrodes, at least two second insulating regions disposed in each of the second internal electrodes, at least two first connection electrodes disposed in the at least two first insulating regions and interconnecting the second internal electrodes, and at least two second connection electrodes disposed in the at least two second insulating regions and interconnecting the first internal electrodes. 4. The capacitor of claim 1, further comprising first and second external electrodes disposed on an external surface of the body,
wherein the first external electrode is electrically connected to the first internal electrodes through the second connection electrode, and the second external electrode is electrically connected to the second internal electrodes through the first connection electrode. 5. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein a distance between the first and second connection electrodes is equal to or less than 85% of a length of the body. 6. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein at least portions of the first and second internal electrodes are exposed to a side surface of the body. 7. A board having a capacitor, the board comprising:
a circuit board having an upper surface on which first and second electrode pads are formed; and the capacitor of claim 1, mounted on the first and second electrode pads of the circuit board. 8. A capacitor comprising:
a body including a plurality of dielectric layers; first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween; a first insulating region, disposed in each of the first internal electrodes, including a first connection electrode disposed therein; and a second insulating region, disposed in each of the second internal electrodes, including a second connection electrode disposed therein; wherein D1×Td and D2×Td are greater than 20 μm2 and 60 μm2 or less, where Td is a thickness of the dielectric layer, and D1 and D2 are widths of the first and second insulating regions, respectively. 9. The capacitor of claim 8, wherein D1 is a minimum distance between a first internal electrode and the first connection electrode, and D2 is a minimum distance between a second internal electrode and the second connection electrode. 10. The capacitor of claim 8, wherein the first connection electrode interconnects the second internal electrodes and is insulated from the first internal electrodes by the first insulating region, and the second connection electrode interconnects the first internal electrodes and is insulated from the second internal electrodes by the second insulating region. 11. The capacitor of claim 8, wherein the first insulating region contacts an edge of the first internal electrodes, and the second insulating region contacts an edge of the second internal electrodes. 12. The capacitor of claim 11, wherein the first insulating region has a substantially semi-circular shape surrounding the first connection electrode, and
the second insulating region has a substantially semi-circular shape surrounding the second connection electrode. 13. The capacitor of claim 8, wherein a distance between the first and second connection electrodes is greater than a sum of radii of the first and second connection electrodes, the widths D1 and D2 of the first and second insulating regions, and a 20 μm interval. | A capacitor includes a body including a plurality of dielectric layers, first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween, and first and second insulating regions. The first insulating region is disposed in each of the first internal electrodes and includes a first connection electrode disposed therein. The second insulating region is disposed in each of the second internal electrodes and includes a second connection electrode disposed therein. The products D1×Td and D2×Td are greater than 20 μm2, where Td is a thickness of the dielectric layer, and D1 and D2 are widths of the first and second insulating regions, respectively.1. A capacitor comprising:
a body including a plurality of dielectric layers; first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween; a first insulating region, disposed in each of the first internal electrodes, including a first connection electrode disposed therein; and a second insulating region, disposed in each of the second internal electrodes, including a second connection electrode disposed therein, wherein D1×Td and D2×Td are greater than 20 μm2 and 60 μm2 or less, where Td is a thickness of the dielectric layer, and D1 and D2 are widths of the first and second insulating regions, respectively. 2. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein the first and second insulating regions and the first and second connection electrodes are disposed at edges of the first and second internal electrodes. 3. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein the capacitor includes at least two first insulating regions each disposed in each of the first internal electrodes, at least two second insulating regions disposed in each of the second internal electrodes, at least two first connection electrodes disposed in the at least two first insulating regions and interconnecting the second internal electrodes, and at least two second connection electrodes disposed in the at least two second insulating regions and interconnecting the first internal electrodes. 4. The capacitor of claim 1, further comprising first and second external electrodes disposed on an external surface of the body,
wherein the first external electrode is electrically connected to the first internal electrodes through the second connection electrode, and the second external electrode is electrically connected to the second internal electrodes through the first connection electrode. 5. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein a distance between the first and second connection electrodes is equal to or less than 85% of a length of the body. 6. The capacitor of claim 1, wherein at least portions of the first and second internal electrodes are exposed to a side surface of the body. 7. A board having a capacitor, the board comprising:
a circuit board having an upper surface on which first and second electrode pads are formed; and the capacitor of claim 1, mounted on the first and second electrode pads of the circuit board. 8. A capacitor comprising:
a body including a plurality of dielectric layers; first and second internal electrodes alternately disposed with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween; a first insulating region, disposed in each of the first internal electrodes, including a first connection electrode disposed therein; and a second insulating region, disposed in each of the second internal electrodes, including a second connection electrode disposed therein; wherein D1×Td and D2×Td are greater than 20 μm2 and 60 μm2 or less, where Td is a thickness of the dielectric layer, and D1 and D2 are widths of the first and second insulating regions, respectively. 9. The capacitor of claim 8, wherein D1 is a minimum distance between a first internal electrode and the first connection electrode, and D2 is a minimum distance between a second internal electrode and the second connection electrode. 10. The capacitor of claim 8, wherein the first connection electrode interconnects the second internal electrodes and is insulated from the first internal electrodes by the first insulating region, and the second connection electrode interconnects the first internal electrodes and is insulated from the second internal electrodes by the second insulating region. 11. The capacitor of claim 8, wherein the first insulating region contacts an edge of the first internal electrodes, and the second insulating region contacts an edge of the second internal electrodes. 12. The capacitor of claim 11, wherein the first insulating region has a substantially semi-circular shape surrounding the first connection electrode, and
the second insulating region has a substantially semi-circular shape surrounding the second connection electrode. 13. The capacitor of claim 8, wherein a distance between the first and second connection electrodes is greater than a sum of radii of the first and second connection electrodes, the widths D1 and D2 of the first and second insulating regions, and a 20 μm interval. | 3,600 |
345,990 | 16,804,417 | 3,626 | Conventional intra-prediction uses pixels from left and upper neighbour blocks to predict a macroblock (MB). Thus, the MBs must be sequentially processed, since reconstructed left and upper MBs must be available for prediction. In an improved method for encoding Intra predicted MBs, a MB is encoded in two steps: first, a first portion of the MB is encoded independently, without references outside the MB. Pixels of the first portion can be Intra predicted using DC mode. Then, the first portion is reconstructed. The remaining pixels of the MB, being a second portion, are intra predicted from the reconstructed pixels of the first portion and then reconstructed. The first portion comprises at least one column or one row of pixels of the MB. The encoding is applied to at least two Intra predicted MBs per slice, or per picture if no slices are used. | 1. A method for decoding a block of an image using
intra prediction, said method comprising: decoding an indication that a block is encoded according to an intra coding mode; determining two portions in the block, wherein a first portion comprises independent pixels of the block, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the block; intra-predicting the independent pixels of the first portion based on an average value relative to a bit depth of pixels of the block; decoding the first portion using said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion; intra-predicting one or more pixels of the second portion using decoded pixels of the first portion or one or more previously decoded pixels of the second portion; and decoding the second portion using said one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion, wherein decoded pixels of the first portion and decoded pixels of the second portion are part of a decoded block. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises at least half the pixels of one column and half the pixels of one row. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said intra coding mode depends on block division into two portions. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a size of a block encoded according to said intra coding mode is larger than 16×16. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded blocks per slice are decoded simultaneously. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion are based on a power of two whose exponent is equal to said bit depth of pixels of the block minus one. 7. A method for encoding a block of an image using intra prediction, said method comprising:
dividing the block into two portions, wherein a first portion comprises independent pixels of the block, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the block; intra-predicting the independent pixels of the first portion based on an average value relative to a bit depth of pixels of the block; encoding the first portion using said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion; reconstructing encoded pixels of the first portion; intra-predicting one or more of the remaining pixels of the second portion using reconstructed pixels of the first portion or one or more previously reconstructed pixels of the second portion; encoding the second portion using said one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion wherein encoded pixels of the first portion and encoded pixels of the second portion are part of an encoded block, said encoded block being encoded by an infra coding mode; reconstructing the one or more previously encoded pixels of the second portion; and encoding an indication that said block is encoded according to said intra coding mode. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first portion comprises at least half the pixels of one column and half the pixels of one row. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein said intra coding mode depends on block division into two portions. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein a size of a block encoded according to said intra prediction mode is larger than 16×16. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded blocks per slice are encoded simultaneously. 12. The method of claim 7 wherein said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion are based on a power of two whose exponent is equal to said bit depth of pixels of the block minus one. 13. An apparatus for decoding a block of an image using intra prediction, said apparatus comprising one or more processors configured to
decode an indication that a block is encoded according to an intra coding mode; determine two portions in the block, wherein a first portion comprises independent pixels of the block, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the block; obtain intra-predicted pixels of the first portion based on an average value relative to a bit depth of pixels of the block; decode first portion using said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion; obtain one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion using decoded pixels of the first portion or one or more previously decoded pixels of the second portion; and decode second portion using said one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion, wherein decoded pixels of the first portion and decoded pixels of the second portion are part of a decoded block. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first portion comprises at least half the pixels of one column and half the pixels of one row. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said intra coding mode depends on block division into two portions. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a size of a block encoded according to said intra coding mode is larger than 16×16. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded blocks per slice are decoded simultaneously. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion are based on a power of two whose exponent is equal to said bit depth of pixels of the block minus one. 19. An apparatus for encoding a block of an image using intra prediction, said apparatus comprising one or more processors configured to:
divide the block into two portions, wherein a first portion comprises independent pixels of the block, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the block; obtain intra-predicted pixels of the first portion based on an average value relative to a bit depth of pixels of the block; encode the first portion using said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion; reconstruct the encoded pixels of the first portion; obtain one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion using reconstructed pixels of the first portion or one or more previously reconstructed pixels of the second portion; encode the second portion using said one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion wherein encoded pixels of the first portion and encoded pixels of the second portion are part of an encoded block, said encoded block being encoded according to an infra coding mode; reconstruct the one or more previously encoded pixels of the second portion; and encode an indication that said block is encoded according to said intra coding mode. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the first portion comprises at least half the pixels of one column and half the pixels of one row. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said intra coding mode depends on block division into two portions. 22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein a size of a block encoded according to said intra coding mode is larger than 16×16. 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded blocks per slice are encoded simultaneously. 24. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion are based on a power of two whose exponent is equal to said bit depth of pixels of the block minus one. | Conventional intra-prediction uses pixels from left and upper neighbour blocks to predict a macroblock (MB). Thus, the MBs must be sequentially processed, since reconstructed left and upper MBs must be available for prediction. In an improved method for encoding Intra predicted MBs, a MB is encoded in two steps: first, a first portion of the MB is encoded independently, without references outside the MB. Pixels of the first portion can be Intra predicted using DC mode. Then, the first portion is reconstructed. The remaining pixels of the MB, being a second portion, are intra predicted from the reconstructed pixels of the first portion and then reconstructed. The first portion comprises at least one column or one row of pixels of the MB. The encoding is applied to at least two Intra predicted MBs per slice, or per picture if no slices are used.1. A method for decoding a block of an image using
intra prediction, said method comprising: decoding an indication that a block is encoded according to an intra coding mode; determining two portions in the block, wherein a first portion comprises independent pixels of the block, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the block; intra-predicting the independent pixels of the first portion based on an average value relative to a bit depth of pixels of the block; decoding the first portion using said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion; intra-predicting one or more pixels of the second portion using decoded pixels of the first portion or one or more previously decoded pixels of the second portion; and decoding the second portion using said one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion, wherein decoded pixels of the first portion and decoded pixels of the second portion are part of a decoded block. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises at least half the pixels of one column and half the pixels of one row. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said intra coding mode depends on block division into two portions. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a size of a block encoded according to said intra coding mode is larger than 16×16. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded blocks per slice are decoded simultaneously. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion are based on a power of two whose exponent is equal to said bit depth of pixels of the block minus one. 7. A method for encoding a block of an image using intra prediction, said method comprising:
dividing the block into two portions, wherein a first portion comprises independent pixels of the block, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the block; intra-predicting the independent pixels of the first portion based on an average value relative to a bit depth of pixels of the block; encoding the first portion using said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion; reconstructing encoded pixels of the first portion; intra-predicting one or more of the remaining pixels of the second portion using reconstructed pixels of the first portion or one or more previously reconstructed pixels of the second portion; encoding the second portion using said one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion wherein encoded pixels of the first portion and encoded pixels of the second portion are part of an encoded block, said encoded block being encoded by an infra coding mode; reconstructing the one or more previously encoded pixels of the second portion; and encoding an indication that said block is encoded according to said intra coding mode. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first portion comprises at least half the pixels of one column and half the pixels of one row. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein said intra coding mode depends on block division into two portions. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein a size of a block encoded according to said intra prediction mode is larger than 16×16. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded blocks per slice are encoded simultaneously. 12. The method of claim 7 wherein said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion are based on a power of two whose exponent is equal to said bit depth of pixels of the block minus one. 13. An apparatus for decoding a block of an image using intra prediction, said apparatus comprising one or more processors configured to
decode an indication that a block is encoded according to an intra coding mode; determine two portions in the block, wherein a first portion comprises independent pixels of the block, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the block; obtain intra-predicted pixels of the first portion based on an average value relative to a bit depth of pixels of the block; decode first portion using said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion; obtain one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion using decoded pixels of the first portion or one or more previously decoded pixels of the second portion; and decode second portion using said one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion, wherein decoded pixels of the first portion and decoded pixels of the second portion are part of a decoded block. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first portion comprises at least half the pixels of one column and half the pixels of one row. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said intra coding mode depends on block division into two portions. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a size of a block encoded according to said intra coding mode is larger than 16×16. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded blocks per slice are decoded simultaneously. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion are based on a power of two whose exponent is equal to said bit depth of pixels of the block minus one. 19. An apparatus for encoding a block of an image using intra prediction, said apparatus comprising one or more processors configured to:
divide the block into two portions, wherein a first portion comprises independent pixels of the block, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the block; obtain intra-predicted pixels of the first portion based on an average value relative to a bit depth of pixels of the block; encode the first portion using said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion; reconstruct the encoded pixels of the first portion; obtain one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion using reconstructed pixels of the first portion or one or more previously reconstructed pixels of the second portion; encode the second portion using said one or more intra-predicted pixels of the second portion wherein encoded pixels of the first portion and encoded pixels of the second portion are part of an encoded block, said encoded block being encoded according to an infra coding mode; reconstruct the one or more previously encoded pixels of the second portion; and encode an indication that said block is encoded according to said intra coding mode. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the first portion comprises at least half the pixels of one column and half the pixels of one row. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said intra coding mode depends on block division into two portions. 22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein a size of a block encoded according to said intra coding mode is larger than 16×16. 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded blocks per slice are encoded simultaneously. 24. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said intra-predicted pixels of the first portion are based on a power of two whose exponent is equal to said bit depth of pixels of the block minus one. | 3,600 |
345,991 | 16,804,399 | 3,626 | Methods, systems, and computer program products for contrasting document-embedded structured data and generating summaries thereof are provided herein. A computer-implemented method includes extracting two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data; normalizing the two or more extracted tables using one or more alignment techniques; determining at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables; deriving one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and outputting at least a portion of the one or more insights to at least one user. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
extracting two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data; normalizing the two or more extracted tables using one or more alignment techniques; determining at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables; deriving one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and outputting at least a portion of the one or more insights to at least one user; wherein the method is carried out by at least one computing device. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said normalizing comprises performing one-table normalization by converting a given one of the two or more extracted tables into a normalized form. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein said normalizing comprises performing table alignment by comparing the given normalized table to at least one of the two or more extracted tables. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein said normalizing comprises carrying out two-table normalization by performing column alignment and column renaming across the extracted tables compared in connection with said table alignment. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said performing the comparison comprises comparing the two or more normalized tables using at least one similarity measure. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using a structural similarity measure to determine at least one overlap between header cells of the two or more normalized tables. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using a metadata similarity measure to identify one or more similarities among the metadata from the two or more normalized tables. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using an attribute similarity measure to determine at least one overlap between one or more attribute types of table cells across the two or more normalized tables. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said using one or more alignment techniques comprises aligning structured data in the two or more extracted tables by comparing structured data and unstructured data across the two or more extracted tables. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein said normalizing comprises performing value normalization using the aligned structured data. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein performing value normalization comprises representing at least a portion of multiple values in the aligned structured data using a same unit. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said extracting comprises preserving at least one of (i) one or more formatting parameters of each of the two or more extracted tables and (ii) one or more structural parameters of each of the two or more extracted tables. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said deriving one or more insights comprises identifying at least one of (i) information added to at least one of the two or more extracted tables, (ii) information deleted from at least one of the two or more extracted tables, and (iii) information updated in at least one of the two or more extracted tables. 14. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to:
extract two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data; normalize the two or more extracted tables using one or more alignment techniques; determine at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables; derive one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and output at least a portion of the one or more insights to at least one user. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein said performing the comparison comprises comparing the two or more normalized tables using at least one similarity measure. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using a structural similarity measure to determine at least one overlap between header cells of the two or more normalized tables. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using a metadata similarity measure to identify one or more similarities among the metadata from the two or more normalized tables. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using an attribute similarity measure to determine at least one overlap between one or more attribute types of table cells across the two or more normalized tables. 19. A system comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor operably coupled to the memory and configured for:
extracting two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data;
normalizing the two or more extracted tables using one or more alignment techniques;
determining at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables;
deriving one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and
outputting at least a portion of the one or more insights to at least one user. 20. A computer-implemented method comprising:
extracting two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data, and wherein said extracting comprises preserving (i) one or more formatting parameters of each of the two or more extracted tables and (ii) one or more structural parameters of each of the two or more extracted tables; normalizing the two or more extracted tables by comparing the structured data and the unstructured data across the two or more extracted tables to align the structured data in the two or more extracted tables; determining at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables by comparing the two or more normalized tables using multiple measures; deriving one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and performing at least one automated action based at least in part on the one or more insights; wherein the method is carried out by at least one computing device. | Methods, systems, and computer program products for contrasting document-embedded structured data and generating summaries thereof are provided herein. A computer-implemented method includes extracting two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data; normalizing the two or more extracted tables using one or more alignment techniques; determining at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables; deriving one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and outputting at least a portion of the one or more insights to at least one user.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
extracting two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data; normalizing the two or more extracted tables using one or more alignment techniques; determining at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables; deriving one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and outputting at least a portion of the one or more insights to at least one user; wherein the method is carried out by at least one computing device. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said normalizing comprises performing one-table normalization by converting a given one of the two or more extracted tables into a normalized form. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein said normalizing comprises performing table alignment by comparing the given normalized table to at least one of the two or more extracted tables. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein said normalizing comprises carrying out two-table normalization by performing column alignment and column renaming across the extracted tables compared in connection with said table alignment. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said performing the comparison comprises comparing the two or more normalized tables using at least one similarity measure. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using a structural similarity measure to determine at least one overlap between header cells of the two or more normalized tables. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using a metadata similarity measure to identify one or more similarities among the metadata from the two or more normalized tables. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using an attribute similarity measure to determine at least one overlap between one or more attribute types of table cells across the two or more normalized tables. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said using one or more alignment techniques comprises aligning structured data in the two or more extracted tables by comparing structured data and unstructured data across the two or more extracted tables. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein said normalizing comprises performing value normalization using the aligned structured data. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein performing value normalization comprises representing at least a portion of multiple values in the aligned structured data using a same unit. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said extracting comprises preserving at least one of (i) one or more formatting parameters of each of the two or more extracted tables and (ii) one or more structural parameters of each of the two or more extracted tables. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said deriving one or more insights comprises identifying at least one of (i) information added to at least one of the two or more extracted tables, (ii) information deleted from at least one of the two or more extracted tables, and (iii) information updated in at least one of the two or more extracted tables. 14. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to:
extract two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data; normalize the two or more extracted tables using one or more alignment techniques; determine at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables; derive one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and output at least a portion of the one or more insights to at least one user. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein said performing the comparison comprises comparing the two or more normalized tables using at least one similarity measure. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using a structural similarity measure to determine at least one overlap between header cells of the two or more normalized tables. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using a metadata similarity measure to identify one or more similarities among the metadata from the two or more normalized tables. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein said using at least one similarity measure comprises using an attribute similarity measure to determine at least one overlap between one or more attribute types of table cells across the two or more normalized tables. 19. A system comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor operably coupled to the memory and configured for:
extracting two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data;
normalizing the two or more extracted tables using one or more alignment techniques;
determining at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables;
deriving one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and
outputting at least a portion of the one or more insights to at least one user. 20. A computer-implemented method comprising:
extracting two or more tables from two or more input documents, wherein each of the two or more input documents comprises structured data and unstructured data, and wherein said extracting comprises preserving (i) one or more formatting parameters of each of the two or more extracted tables and (ii) one or more structural parameters of each of the two or more extracted tables; normalizing the two or more extracted tables by comparing the structured data and the unstructured data across the two or more extracted tables to align the structured data in the two or more extracted tables; determining at least one of (i) one or more differences and (ii) one or more similarities across the two or more extracted tables by performing a comparison of the two or more normalized tables by comparing the two or more normalized tables using multiple measures; deriving one or more insights from the comparison by applying at least one analytical model to the at least one of the one or more determined differences and one or more determined similarities; and performing at least one automated action based at least in part on the one or more insights; wherein the method is carried out by at least one computing device. | 3,600 |
345,992 | 16,804,422 | 1,774 | A passive filter cell having a basin with a floor and two or more vertical or upright sidewalls forming chute or container having first or left sidewall, second or right sidewall, and third or back sidewall, and fourth or front downwardly curved sidewall, an inlet positioned proximate a top of the fourth or front sidewall and an outlet positioned proximate the top of the third or back sidewall, wherein the floor is configured angled from the fourth or front sidewall to the third or back sidewall, discharge pipe positioned proximate junction between the floor and the third or back sidewall, and lip configured to extend from the top of the third or back sidewall into an interior of the basin. | 1. A passive filter cell for filtering an effluent with suspended substances and dissolved substances, the passive filter cell comprising:
a basin with a floor and two or more upright sidewalls forming a channel having a first sidewall, a second sidewall, back sidewall, and a front sidewall, said floor is configured on an angle from said front sidewall to said back sidewall, wherein said floor is configured on an angle sloped from said first sidewall to said second sidewall; an inlet positioned proximate a top of said front sidewall to receive the effluent and an outlet positioned proximate said top of said back sidewall to exit the effluent, wherein said front sidewall is downwardly curved from said inlet to said floor; a discharge pipe positioned proximate a junction between said floor and said back sidewall, wherein said discharge pipe includes a valve; and a charged particle precipitation apparatus positioned proximate said front sidewall. 2. The passive filter cell of claim 1, further comprises a lip configured to extend from said top of said back sidewall into an interior of said basin. 3. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said floor is configured on an angle sloped from said first sidewall to said second sidewall. 4. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said front sidewall is configured as curved descending from said inlet to said floor. 5. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said inlet is configured to narrow in a height and widen in a width the effluent. 6. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said outlet is configured to shorten in a height and widen in a width the effluent. 7. The passive filter cell of claim 2, wherein said lip projects opposite a flow of the effluent. 8. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said discharge pipe is positioned proximate a junction between said floor, said back sidewall, and said second sidewall. 9. The passive filter cell of claim 8, further comprises a receiving zone for the effluent, said receiving zone positioned proximate said inlet. 10. The passive filter cell of claim 9, further comprises a separation zone for the effluent, said separation zone positioned proximate said front sidewall. 11. The passive filter cell of claim 10, further comprises a settling zone for the effluent, said settling zone positioned proximate said floor and said back sidewall. 12. The passive filter cell of claim 11, wherein said separation zone separates the effluent into a first effluent and a second effluent, wherein said first effluent contains a heavier particulate than said second effluent. 13. The passive filter cell of claim 12, wherein said first effluent contains a higher concentration of a suspended substance. 14. The passive filter cell of claim 13, wherein said second effluent contains a lower concentration of said suspended substance. 15. The passive filter cell of claim 14, wherein said lip is configured to hold said first effluent therein said settling zone. 16. The passive filter cell of claim 15, wherein said discharge pipe discharges said first effluent. 17. The passive filter cell of claim 16, wherein said outlet discharges said second effluent. 18. The passive filter cell of claim 17, further comprises a skimmer positioned proximate said top between said inlet and said outlet, said skimmer configured to skim floating substances from said second effluent. 19. The passive filter cell of claim 18, further comprises at least a first passive filter cell and at least a second passive filter cell, wherein said outlet of said first passive filter cell is joined thereto said inlet of said second passive filter cell. 20. The passive filter cell of claim 19, wherein said outlet of said first passive filter cell is joined thereto said inlet of said second passive filter cell by a joining flange. 21. The passive filter cell of claim 20, further comprises an inlet charging grid positioned proximate said inlet. 22. The passive filter cell of claim 21, wherein said inlet charging grid further comprises at least one first charge plate. 23. The passive filter cell of claim 22, further comprises a separation charging grid positioned proximate said separation zone. 24. The passive filter cell of claim 23, wherein said separation charging grid further comprises at least one second charge plate. 25. The passive filter cell of claim 24, further comprises a power supply, said power supply includes a positive output terminal electrically connected to said separation charging grid further and a negative output terminal electrically connected to said inlet charging grid. 26. The passive filter cell of claim 25, wherein said charged particle precipitation apparatus separates the effluent into a first negative charged effluent and a second non-negative charged effluent, wherein said first negative charged effluent contains a higher concentration of a dissolved substance than said second non-negative charged effluent. 27. The passive filter cell of claim 26, wherein said first negative charged effluent contains a higher concentration of a dissolved substance. 28. The passive filter cell of claim 27, wherein said second non-negative charged effluent contains a lower concentration of said dissolved substance. 29. The passive filter cell of claim 28, wherein said discharge pipe discharges said first negative charged effluent. 30. The passive filter cell of claim 29, wherein said outlet discharges said second non-negative charged effluent. 31. The passive filter cell of claim 30, further comprises a vertical adjustment device positioned between said separation charging grid and at least one of said first sidewall, said second sidewall, and said back sidewall, said vertical adjustment device is configured to enable height adjustment of said separation charging grid relative to said floor. | A passive filter cell having a basin with a floor and two or more vertical or upright sidewalls forming chute or container having first or left sidewall, second or right sidewall, and third or back sidewall, and fourth or front downwardly curved sidewall, an inlet positioned proximate a top of the fourth or front sidewall and an outlet positioned proximate the top of the third or back sidewall, wherein the floor is configured angled from the fourth or front sidewall to the third or back sidewall, discharge pipe positioned proximate junction between the floor and the third or back sidewall, and lip configured to extend from the top of the third or back sidewall into an interior of the basin.1. A passive filter cell for filtering an effluent with suspended substances and dissolved substances, the passive filter cell comprising:
a basin with a floor and two or more upright sidewalls forming a channel having a first sidewall, a second sidewall, back sidewall, and a front sidewall, said floor is configured on an angle from said front sidewall to said back sidewall, wherein said floor is configured on an angle sloped from said first sidewall to said second sidewall; an inlet positioned proximate a top of said front sidewall to receive the effluent and an outlet positioned proximate said top of said back sidewall to exit the effluent, wherein said front sidewall is downwardly curved from said inlet to said floor; a discharge pipe positioned proximate a junction between said floor and said back sidewall, wherein said discharge pipe includes a valve; and a charged particle precipitation apparatus positioned proximate said front sidewall. 2. The passive filter cell of claim 1, further comprises a lip configured to extend from said top of said back sidewall into an interior of said basin. 3. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said floor is configured on an angle sloped from said first sidewall to said second sidewall. 4. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said front sidewall is configured as curved descending from said inlet to said floor. 5. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said inlet is configured to narrow in a height and widen in a width the effluent. 6. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said outlet is configured to shorten in a height and widen in a width the effluent. 7. The passive filter cell of claim 2, wherein said lip projects opposite a flow of the effluent. 8. The passive filter cell of claim 1, wherein said discharge pipe is positioned proximate a junction between said floor, said back sidewall, and said second sidewall. 9. The passive filter cell of claim 8, further comprises a receiving zone for the effluent, said receiving zone positioned proximate said inlet. 10. The passive filter cell of claim 9, further comprises a separation zone for the effluent, said separation zone positioned proximate said front sidewall. 11. The passive filter cell of claim 10, further comprises a settling zone for the effluent, said settling zone positioned proximate said floor and said back sidewall. 12. The passive filter cell of claim 11, wherein said separation zone separates the effluent into a first effluent and a second effluent, wherein said first effluent contains a heavier particulate than said second effluent. 13. The passive filter cell of claim 12, wherein said first effluent contains a higher concentration of a suspended substance. 14. The passive filter cell of claim 13, wherein said second effluent contains a lower concentration of said suspended substance. 15. The passive filter cell of claim 14, wherein said lip is configured to hold said first effluent therein said settling zone. 16. The passive filter cell of claim 15, wherein said discharge pipe discharges said first effluent. 17. The passive filter cell of claim 16, wherein said outlet discharges said second effluent. 18. The passive filter cell of claim 17, further comprises a skimmer positioned proximate said top between said inlet and said outlet, said skimmer configured to skim floating substances from said second effluent. 19. The passive filter cell of claim 18, further comprises at least a first passive filter cell and at least a second passive filter cell, wherein said outlet of said first passive filter cell is joined thereto said inlet of said second passive filter cell. 20. The passive filter cell of claim 19, wherein said outlet of said first passive filter cell is joined thereto said inlet of said second passive filter cell by a joining flange. 21. The passive filter cell of claim 20, further comprises an inlet charging grid positioned proximate said inlet. 22. The passive filter cell of claim 21, wherein said inlet charging grid further comprises at least one first charge plate. 23. The passive filter cell of claim 22, further comprises a separation charging grid positioned proximate said separation zone. 24. The passive filter cell of claim 23, wherein said separation charging grid further comprises at least one second charge plate. 25. The passive filter cell of claim 24, further comprises a power supply, said power supply includes a positive output terminal electrically connected to said separation charging grid further and a negative output terminal electrically connected to said inlet charging grid. 26. The passive filter cell of claim 25, wherein said charged particle precipitation apparatus separates the effluent into a first negative charged effluent and a second non-negative charged effluent, wherein said first negative charged effluent contains a higher concentration of a dissolved substance than said second non-negative charged effluent. 27. The passive filter cell of claim 26, wherein said first negative charged effluent contains a higher concentration of a dissolved substance. 28. The passive filter cell of claim 27, wherein said second non-negative charged effluent contains a lower concentration of said dissolved substance. 29. The passive filter cell of claim 28, wherein said discharge pipe discharges said first negative charged effluent. 30. The passive filter cell of claim 29, wherein said outlet discharges said second non-negative charged effluent. 31. The passive filter cell of claim 30, further comprises a vertical adjustment device positioned between said separation charging grid and at least one of said first sidewall, said second sidewall, and said back sidewall, said vertical adjustment device is configured to enable height adjustment of said separation charging grid relative to said floor. | 1,700 |
345,993 | 16,804,415 | 1,774 | The invention provides methods for preparing DNA sequencing libraries by assembling short read sequencing data into longer contiguous sequences for genome assembly, full length cDNA sequencing, metagenomics, and the analysis of repetitive sequences of assembled genomes. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method for detecting an error occurring in the preparation and/or sequencing of a target nucleic acid molecule, the method comprising:
(a) incorporating a first nucleic acid adaptor molecule comprising a first tag sequence into a target nucleic acid molecule to produce a first tagged nucleic acid molecule; (b) amplifying the first tagged nucleic acid molecule to provide an input library comprising a first plurality of amplified DNA molecules, wherein the amplified DNA molecules comprise a sequence corresponding to at least a portion of the first tag sequence and a sequence corresponding to at least a portion of the target nucleic acid molecule; (c) sequencing at least a portion of the first plurality of amplified DNA molecules to produce a plurality of sequencing reads corresponding to the target nucleic acid molecule and comprising a sequence corresponding to the first tag sequence; (d) grouping the plurality of sequencing reads that correspond to the target nucleic acid molecule and comprise the sequence corresponding to the first tag sequence to produce a plurality of grouped sequencing reads; and (e) detecting whether an error exists at a nucleotide position, wherein an error exists when variation of nucleotide identity exists among the grouped sequencing reads at a position corresponding to a nucleotide in the target nucleic acid molecule. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises determining the correct identity of a nucleotide at the position where the variation of nucleotide identity is detected, wherein the correct identity is determined based on a consensus of individual base calls in the plurality of grouped sequencing reads. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the consensus of individual base calls is the most common base call at the nucleotide position in the plurality of grouped sequencing reads. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises eliminating from further analysis the identity of the nucleotide at the position in a sequencing read where an error is detected. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises eliminating from further analysis a sequencing read determined to comprise a sequencing error. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sequencing read is determined to comprise a sequencing error when it comprises a nucleotide base call that differs from the consensus nucleotide base call provided by the plurality of grouped sequencing reads. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the first tag sequence is a random or semi-random sequence. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the target nucleic acid molecule is a member of a target library comprising a plurality of nucleic acid molecules and step (b) comprises amplifying the plurality of nucleic acid molecules to provide the input library. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first tag sequence comprises a unique nucleotide sequence that distinguishes the at least one member of the target library from other members of the target library. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising fragmenting at least a portion of the first plurality of amplified DNA molecules in the input library from step (b) to produce a plurality of linear DNA fragments having a first end and a second end. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising attaching at least one second nucleic acid adaptor molecule to one or both ends of at least one of the plurality of linear DNA fragments, wherein the second adaptor molecule comprises a defined-sequence. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising amplifying the plurality of linear DNA fragments to produce a second plurality of amplified DNA molecules, wherein at least one of the second plurality of amplified DNA molecules comprises a sequence corresponding to the first tag sequence, a sequence corresponding to at least a portion of the second adaptor molecule, and a sequence corresponding to at least a portion of the target nucleic acid molecule. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least a portion of the second plurality of amplified DNA molecules is sequenced in step (c) of the method to produce a plurality of associated sequence read pairs for each sequenced DNA molecule corresponding to the target nucleic acid molecule. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the associated sequence read pairs comprise a first sequence read and a second sequence read, wherein the first sequence read comprises the first tag sequence of the first adaptor that uniquely identifies the target nucleic acid molecule, and wherein the second sequence read comprises a sequence adjacent to the defined sequence of the second adaptor and represents the sequence adjacent to a fragment breakpoint in the amplified DNA molecule. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a plurality of second sequence reads that are each associated with a first sequence read are grouped in step (d) of the method, wherein the first sequence read contains the first tag sequence identifying the target nucleic acid molecule. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the grouping step (d) comprises generating an alignment of the plurality of sequencing reads. 18. The method of claim 2, wherein the grouping step (d) comprises comparing the sequencing reads to a reference sequence. 19. The method of claim 2, wherein the incorporating the first nucleic acid adaptor molecule into the target nucleic acid molecule in step (a) results in at least one circular nucleic acid molecule comprising the first nucleic acid adaptor and the target nucleic acid molecule. 20. The method of claim 2, wherein the target nucleic acid molecule is a genomic DNA fragment or copy thereof. 21. The method of claim 2, wherein the target nucleic acid molecule is a cDNA molecule | The invention provides methods for preparing DNA sequencing libraries by assembling short read sequencing data into longer contiguous sequences for genome assembly, full length cDNA sequencing, metagenomics, and the analysis of repetitive sequences of assembled genomes.1. (canceled) 2. A method for detecting an error occurring in the preparation and/or sequencing of a target nucleic acid molecule, the method comprising:
(a) incorporating a first nucleic acid adaptor molecule comprising a first tag sequence into a target nucleic acid molecule to produce a first tagged nucleic acid molecule; (b) amplifying the first tagged nucleic acid molecule to provide an input library comprising a first plurality of amplified DNA molecules, wherein the amplified DNA molecules comprise a sequence corresponding to at least a portion of the first tag sequence and a sequence corresponding to at least a portion of the target nucleic acid molecule; (c) sequencing at least a portion of the first plurality of amplified DNA molecules to produce a plurality of sequencing reads corresponding to the target nucleic acid molecule and comprising a sequence corresponding to the first tag sequence; (d) grouping the plurality of sequencing reads that correspond to the target nucleic acid molecule and comprise the sequence corresponding to the first tag sequence to produce a plurality of grouped sequencing reads; and (e) detecting whether an error exists at a nucleotide position, wherein an error exists when variation of nucleotide identity exists among the grouped sequencing reads at a position corresponding to a nucleotide in the target nucleic acid molecule. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises determining the correct identity of a nucleotide at the position where the variation of nucleotide identity is detected, wherein the correct identity is determined based on a consensus of individual base calls in the plurality of grouped sequencing reads. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the consensus of individual base calls is the most common base call at the nucleotide position in the plurality of grouped sequencing reads. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises eliminating from further analysis the identity of the nucleotide at the position in a sequencing read where an error is detected. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises eliminating from further analysis a sequencing read determined to comprise a sequencing error. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sequencing read is determined to comprise a sequencing error when it comprises a nucleotide base call that differs from the consensus nucleotide base call provided by the plurality of grouped sequencing reads. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the first tag sequence is a random or semi-random sequence. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the target nucleic acid molecule is a member of a target library comprising a plurality of nucleic acid molecules and step (b) comprises amplifying the plurality of nucleic acid molecules to provide the input library. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first tag sequence comprises a unique nucleotide sequence that distinguishes the at least one member of the target library from other members of the target library. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising fragmenting at least a portion of the first plurality of amplified DNA molecules in the input library from step (b) to produce a plurality of linear DNA fragments having a first end and a second end. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising attaching at least one second nucleic acid adaptor molecule to one or both ends of at least one of the plurality of linear DNA fragments, wherein the second adaptor molecule comprises a defined-sequence. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising amplifying the plurality of linear DNA fragments to produce a second plurality of amplified DNA molecules, wherein at least one of the second plurality of amplified DNA molecules comprises a sequence corresponding to the first tag sequence, a sequence corresponding to at least a portion of the second adaptor molecule, and a sequence corresponding to at least a portion of the target nucleic acid molecule. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least a portion of the second plurality of amplified DNA molecules is sequenced in step (c) of the method to produce a plurality of associated sequence read pairs for each sequenced DNA molecule corresponding to the target nucleic acid molecule. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the associated sequence read pairs comprise a first sequence read and a second sequence read, wherein the first sequence read comprises the first tag sequence of the first adaptor that uniquely identifies the target nucleic acid molecule, and wherein the second sequence read comprises a sequence adjacent to the defined sequence of the second adaptor and represents the sequence adjacent to a fragment breakpoint in the amplified DNA molecule. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a plurality of second sequence reads that are each associated with a first sequence read are grouped in step (d) of the method, wherein the first sequence read contains the first tag sequence identifying the target nucleic acid molecule. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the grouping step (d) comprises generating an alignment of the plurality of sequencing reads. 18. The method of claim 2, wherein the grouping step (d) comprises comparing the sequencing reads to a reference sequence. 19. The method of claim 2, wherein the incorporating the first nucleic acid adaptor molecule into the target nucleic acid molecule in step (a) results in at least one circular nucleic acid molecule comprising the first nucleic acid adaptor and the target nucleic acid molecule. 20. The method of claim 2, wherein the target nucleic acid molecule is a genomic DNA fragment or copy thereof. 21. The method of claim 2, wherein the target nucleic acid molecule is a cDNA molecule | 1,700 |
345,994 | 16,804,426 | 1,774 | A vertical IGBT device is disclosed. The vertical IGBT structure includes an active MOSFET cell array formed in an active region at a front side of a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type. One or more column structures of a second conductivity type concentrically surround the active MOSFET cell array. Each column structure includes a column trench and a deep column region. The deep column region is formed by implanting implants of the second conductivity type into the semiconductor substrate through the floor of the column trench. Dielectric side wall spacers are formed on the trench side walls except a bottom wall of the trench and the column trench is filled with poly silicon of the second conductivity type. One or more column structures are substantially deeper than the active MOSFET cell array. | 1. A method of forming a vertical insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) device, comprising:
providing a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type having a front side and a backside; forming a column structure of a second conductivity type concentrically surrounding a region of the front side of the semiconductor substrate, forming of the column structure including:
forming a column trench in the front side of the semiconductor substrate, the trench including trench side walls and a trench floor,
forming dielectric spacers on the trench side walls,
forming a column deep region extending downwardly from the trench floor by applying dopants of the second conductivity type into the semiconductor substrate through the trench floor,
filling the trench with poly silicon of a second conductivity which is in contact with the column deep region; and
depositing an oxide layer including silicon oxide onto the front side of the semiconductor substrate including the column trenches filled with the poly silicon; planarizing the oxide layer; depositing an etch stop layer including silicon nitride on the oxide layer; applying a photomask on the etch stop layer; and forming at least one metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) cell in the region concentrically surrounded by the column structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first conductivity type is n-type and the second conductivity type is p-type. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein forming the at least one MOSFET cell includes forming p body contact trenches and MOSFET gate trenches via the photomask, wherein both the contact trenches and the gate trenches are formed using the photomask to self-align the contact trenches with the gate trenches. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein forming the p body contact trenches and the MOSFET gate trenches include etching p-body contact trenches and the MOSFET gate trenches simultaneously with the same mask about 0.5 μm depth, and filling the p-body contact trenches with oxide to stop further etching while the MOSFET gate trenches being etched down up to 3-6 depth. 5. The method of claim 4 further including:
applying a photoresist mask including a contact mask, the contact mask enabling removal of oxide from the p-body contact trenches, and
implanting p+ dopant which is aligned at the center of each p-body formed so that the threshold of the at least one MOSFET cell is not affected. 6. The method of claim 5 further including processing the backside of the semiconductor substrate after applying a pad mask to the front side of the semiconductor substrate, the processing the backside including:
grinding the backside in the range of 2 to 5 mils thickness for 600 Volt and 1200 Volt IGBT device manufacturing,
wet etching to remove silicon damages after the grinding, and
forming n-buffer region and p/p+ hole injection region on the backside by implanting n-type and p-type implants into the backside,
activating backside implants, and
applying backside metal. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the backside implant activation is done by one of low temperature tube, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and laser annealing. | A vertical IGBT device is disclosed. The vertical IGBT structure includes an active MOSFET cell array formed in an active region at a front side of a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type. One or more column structures of a second conductivity type concentrically surround the active MOSFET cell array. Each column structure includes a column trench and a deep column region. The deep column region is formed by implanting implants of the second conductivity type into the semiconductor substrate through the floor of the column trench. Dielectric side wall spacers are formed on the trench side walls except a bottom wall of the trench and the column trench is filled with poly silicon of the second conductivity type. One or more column structures are substantially deeper than the active MOSFET cell array.1. A method of forming a vertical insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) device, comprising:
providing a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type having a front side and a backside; forming a column structure of a second conductivity type concentrically surrounding a region of the front side of the semiconductor substrate, forming of the column structure including:
forming a column trench in the front side of the semiconductor substrate, the trench including trench side walls and a trench floor,
forming dielectric spacers on the trench side walls,
forming a column deep region extending downwardly from the trench floor by applying dopants of the second conductivity type into the semiconductor substrate through the trench floor,
filling the trench with poly silicon of a second conductivity which is in contact with the column deep region; and
depositing an oxide layer including silicon oxide onto the front side of the semiconductor substrate including the column trenches filled with the poly silicon; planarizing the oxide layer; depositing an etch stop layer including silicon nitride on the oxide layer; applying a photomask on the etch stop layer; and forming at least one metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) cell in the region concentrically surrounded by the column structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first conductivity type is n-type and the second conductivity type is p-type. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein forming the at least one MOSFET cell includes forming p body contact trenches and MOSFET gate trenches via the photomask, wherein both the contact trenches and the gate trenches are formed using the photomask to self-align the contact trenches with the gate trenches. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein forming the p body contact trenches and the MOSFET gate trenches include etching p-body contact trenches and the MOSFET gate trenches simultaneously with the same mask about 0.5 μm depth, and filling the p-body contact trenches with oxide to stop further etching while the MOSFET gate trenches being etched down up to 3-6 depth. 5. The method of claim 4 further including:
applying a photoresist mask including a contact mask, the contact mask enabling removal of oxide from the p-body contact trenches, and
implanting p+ dopant which is aligned at the center of each p-body formed so that the threshold of the at least one MOSFET cell is not affected. 6. The method of claim 5 further including processing the backside of the semiconductor substrate after applying a pad mask to the front side of the semiconductor substrate, the processing the backside including:
grinding the backside in the range of 2 to 5 mils thickness for 600 Volt and 1200 Volt IGBT device manufacturing,
wet etching to remove silicon damages after the grinding, and
forming n-buffer region and p/p+ hole injection region on the backside by implanting n-type and p-type implants into the backside,
activating backside implants, and
applying backside metal. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the backside implant activation is done by one of low temperature tube, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and laser annealing. | 1,700 |
345,995 | 16,804,424 | 1,774 | An oscillator system includes an electrostatic oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis based on a deflection that varies over time; an actuator configured to drive the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis, the actuator including a first capacitive element having a first capacitance dependent on the deflection and a second capacitive element having a second capacitance dependent on the deflection; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first displacement current from the first capacitive element and a second displacement current from the second capacitive element, to integrate the first displacement current to generate a first capacitive charge value, and to integrate the second displacement current to generate a second capacitive charge value; and a measurement circuit configured to receive the first and the second capacitive charge values and to measure the deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure based on the first and the second capacitive charge values. | 1. An oscillator system, comprising:
an electrostatic oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis based on a deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure that varies over time; an actuator configured to drive the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis based on a driving signal, the actuator comprising a first capacitive element having a first capacitance dependent on the deflection and a second capacitive element having a second capacitance dependent on the deflection; a driver configured to generate the driving signal; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first displacement current from the first capacitive element and a second displacement current from the second capacitive element, to integrate the first displacement current to generate a first capacitive charge value, and to integrate the second displacement current to generate a second capacitive charge value; and a measurement circuit configured to receive the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value and to measure the deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure based on the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value. 2. The oscillator system of claim 1, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the measured deflection. 3. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein the electrostatic oscillator structure comprises piezoelectric actuation elements or electrostrictive actuation elements. 4. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein:
the first capacitive charge value is expressed by a first voltage value, and the second capacitive charge value is expressed by a second voltage value. 5. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein the driving signal is a time-varying voltage. 6. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to generate a summed charge value based on a summation of the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value, to generate a difference charge value based on the difference between the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value, and to measure the deflection based on the summed charge value and the difference charge value. 7. The oscillator system of claim 6, wherein:
during oscillation, a deflection direction of the electrostatic oscillator structure changes between a first deflection direction and a second deflection direction, the measurement circuit is configured to determine a sign of the deflection based on the difference charge value, wherein the sign of the deflection is indicative of the deflection direction, the measurement circuit is configured to determine a magnitude of the deflection based on the summed charge value, and the measurement is configured to determine the measured deflection based on the sign of the deflection and the magnitude of the deflection. 8. The oscillator system of claim 7, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to determine the magnitude of the deflection by comparing the summed charge value with a predetermined capacitance deflection characteristic of the actuator. 9. The oscillator system of claim 8, wherein:
the predetermined capacitance deflection characteristic is an inverse capacitive function of the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element. 10. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein a deflection amplitude and an oscillation frequency of the oscillator structure have a non-linear dependency. 11. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein:
the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element both have an asymmetric characteristic according to the deflection direction of the oscillator structure. 12. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein:
the driving signal is time-varying comprising an on-time component that alternates with an off-time component, the measured deflection is a measured on-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the on-time component of the driving signal, and the measurement circuit is further configured to estimate an off-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the off-time component of the driving signal based on the on-time deflection. 13. The oscillator system of claim 12, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the measured on-time deflection and the estimated off-time deflection. 14. An oscillator system, comprising:
an electrostatic oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis based on a deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure that varies over time; an actuator configured to drive the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis based on a driving signal, the actuator comprising a first capacitive element having a first capacitance dependent on the deflection and a second capacitive element having a second capacitance dependent on the deflection; a driver configured to generate the driving signal; a sensing circuit comprising a first capacitor coupled to the first capacitive element and a second capacitor coupled to the second capacitive element, wherein the first capacitor is configured to generate a first capacitive charge value by collecting a first displacement current from the first capacitive element and the second capacitor is configured to generate a second capacitive charge value by collecting a second displacement current from the second capacitive element; and a measurement circuit configured to receive the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value and measure a sign of the deflection based on the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value, wherein the sign of the deflection is indicative of a deflection direction of the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis. 15. The oscillator system of claim 14, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the determined sign of the deflection. 16. The oscillator system of claim 14, wherein:
the sensing circuit further comprises a third capacitor coupled to an output of the first capacitor and to an output of the second capacitor, wherein the third capacitor is configured to generate a third capacitive charge value, the measurement circuit is configured to receive the third capacitive charge value, to determine a magnitude of the deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure based on the third capacitive charge value, and to measure the deflection by combining the determined sign and the measured magnitude of the deflection. 17. The oscillator system of claim 16, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the measured deflection. 18. The oscillator system of claim 16, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to generate a difference charge value based on the difference between the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value, and to determine the sign of the deflection based on the difference charge value. 19. The oscillator system of claim 16, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to determine the magnitude of the deflection by comparing the third capacitive charge value with a predetermined capacitance deflection characteristic of the actuator. 20. The oscillator system of claim 19, wherein:
the predetermined capacitance deflection characteristic is an inverse capacitive function of a capacitive network including the first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the first capacitor, and the second capacitor. 21. The oscillator system of claim 16, wherein:
the driving signal is time-varying comprising an on-time component that alternates with an off-time component, the measured deflection is a measured on-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the on-time component of the driving signal, and the measurement circuit is further configured to estimate an off-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the off-time component of the driving signal based on the on-time deflection. 22. The oscillator system of claim 21, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the measured on-time deflection and the estimated off-time deflection. 23. The oscillator system of claim 14, wherein a deflection amplitude and an oscillation frequency of the oscillator structure have a non-linear dependency. 24. The oscillator system of claim 14, wherein:
the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element both have an asymmetric characteristic according to the deflection direction of the oscillator structure. 25. An oscillator system, comprising:
an electrostatic oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis based on a deflection that varies over time; an actuator configured to drive the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis based on a time-varying driving signal, the actuator comprising a first capacitive element having a first capacitance dependent on the deflection and a second capacitive element having a second capacitance dependent on the deflection; a driver configured to generate the time-varying driving signal comprising an on-time component that alternates with an off-time component; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first displacement current from the first capacitive element, to receive a second displacement current from the second capacitive element, to continuously measure the first displacement current during the on-time of the time-varying driving signal, and to continuously measure the second displacement current during the on-time of the time-varying driving signal; and a measurement circuit configured to generate a first displacement current curve from the measured first displacement current, to generate a second displacement current curve from the measured second displacement current, to match the first displacement current curve to stored first calibration data, to match the second displacement current curve to stored second calibration data, and to determine an on-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the on-time component of the driving signal based on the stored first calibration data matched with the first displacement current curve and the stored second calibration data matched with the second displacement current curve. 26. The oscillator system of claim 25, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the on-time deflection. 27. The oscillator system of claim 25, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to estimate an off-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the off-time component of the driving signal based on the on-time deflection. 28. The oscillator system of claim 27, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the determined on-time deflection and the estimated off-time deflection. 29. The oscillator system of claim 25, wherein a deflection amplitude and an oscillation frequency of the oscillator structure have a non-linear dependency. 30. The oscillator system of claim 25, wherein:
the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element both have an asymmetric characteristic according to the deflection direction of the oscillator structure. | An oscillator system includes an electrostatic oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis based on a deflection that varies over time; an actuator configured to drive the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis, the actuator including a first capacitive element having a first capacitance dependent on the deflection and a second capacitive element having a second capacitance dependent on the deflection; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first displacement current from the first capacitive element and a second displacement current from the second capacitive element, to integrate the first displacement current to generate a first capacitive charge value, and to integrate the second displacement current to generate a second capacitive charge value; and a measurement circuit configured to receive the first and the second capacitive charge values and to measure the deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure based on the first and the second capacitive charge values.1. An oscillator system, comprising:
an electrostatic oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis based on a deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure that varies over time; an actuator configured to drive the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis based on a driving signal, the actuator comprising a first capacitive element having a first capacitance dependent on the deflection and a second capacitive element having a second capacitance dependent on the deflection; a driver configured to generate the driving signal; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first displacement current from the first capacitive element and a second displacement current from the second capacitive element, to integrate the first displacement current to generate a first capacitive charge value, and to integrate the second displacement current to generate a second capacitive charge value; and a measurement circuit configured to receive the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value and to measure the deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure based on the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value. 2. The oscillator system of claim 1, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the measured deflection. 3. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein the electrostatic oscillator structure comprises piezoelectric actuation elements or electrostrictive actuation elements. 4. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein:
the first capacitive charge value is expressed by a first voltage value, and the second capacitive charge value is expressed by a second voltage value. 5. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein the driving signal is a time-varying voltage. 6. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to generate a summed charge value based on a summation of the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value, to generate a difference charge value based on the difference between the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value, and to measure the deflection based on the summed charge value and the difference charge value. 7. The oscillator system of claim 6, wherein:
during oscillation, a deflection direction of the electrostatic oscillator structure changes between a first deflection direction and a second deflection direction, the measurement circuit is configured to determine a sign of the deflection based on the difference charge value, wherein the sign of the deflection is indicative of the deflection direction, the measurement circuit is configured to determine a magnitude of the deflection based on the summed charge value, and the measurement is configured to determine the measured deflection based on the sign of the deflection and the magnitude of the deflection. 8. The oscillator system of claim 7, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to determine the magnitude of the deflection by comparing the summed charge value with a predetermined capacitance deflection characteristic of the actuator. 9. The oscillator system of claim 8, wherein:
the predetermined capacitance deflection characteristic is an inverse capacitive function of the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element. 10. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein a deflection amplitude and an oscillation frequency of the oscillator structure have a non-linear dependency. 11. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein:
the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element both have an asymmetric characteristic according to the deflection direction of the oscillator structure. 12. The oscillator system of claim 1, wherein:
the driving signal is time-varying comprising an on-time component that alternates with an off-time component, the measured deflection is a measured on-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the on-time component of the driving signal, and the measurement circuit is further configured to estimate an off-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the off-time component of the driving signal based on the on-time deflection. 13. The oscillator system of claim 12, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the measured on-time deflection and the estimated off-time deflection. 14. An oscillator system, comprising:
an electrostatic oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis based on a deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure that varies over time; an actuator configured to drive the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis based on a driving signal, the actuator comprising a first capacitive element having a first capacitance dependent on the deflection and a second capacitive element having a second capacitance dependent on the deflection; a driver configured to generate the driving signal; a sensing circuit comprising a first capacitor coupled to the first capacitive element and a second capacitor coupled to the second capacitive element, wherein the first capacitor is configured to generate a first capacitive charge value by collecting a first displacement current from the first capacitive element and the second capacitor is configured to generate a second capacitive charge value by collecting a second displacement current from the second capacitive element; and a measurement circuit configured to receive the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value and measure a sign of the deflection based on the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value, wherein the sign of the deflection is indicative of a deflection direction of the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis. 15. The oscillator system of claim 14, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the determined sign of the deflection. 16. The oscillator system of claim 14, wherein:
the sensing circuit further comprises a third capacitor coupled to an output of the first capacitor and to an output of the second capacitor, wherein the third capacitor is configured to generate a third capacitive charge value, the measurement circuit is configured to receive the third capacitive charge value, to determine a magnitude of the deflection of the electrostatic oscillator structure based on the third capacitive charge value, and to measure the deflection by combining the determined sign and the measured magnitude of the deflection. 17. The oscillator system of claim 16, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the measured deflection. 18. The oscillator system of claim 16, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to generate a difference charge value based on the difference between the first capacitive charge value and the second capacitive charge value, and to determine the sign of the deflection based on the difference charge value. 19. The oscillator system of claim 16, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to determine the magnitude of the deflection by comparing the third capacitive charge value with a predetermined capacitance deflection characteristic of the actuator. 20. The oscillator system of claim 19, wherein:
the predetermined capacitance deflection characteristic is an inverse capacitive function of a capacitive network including the first capacitive element, the second capacitive element, the first capacitor, and the second capacitor. 21. The oscillator system of claim 16, wherein:
the driving signal is time-varying comprising an on-time component that alternates with an off-time component, the measured deflection is a measured on-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the on-time component of the driving signal, and the measurement circuit is further configured to estimate an off-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the off-time component of the driving signal based on the on-time deflection. 22. The oscillator system of claim 21, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the measured on-time deflection and the estimated off-time deflection. 23. The oscillator system of claim 14, wherein a deflection amplitude and an oscillation frequency of the oscillator structure have a non-linear dependency. 24. The oscillator system of claim 14, wherein:
the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element both have an asymmetric characteristic according to the deflection direction of the oscillator structure. 25. An oscillator system, comprising:
an electrostatic oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis based on a deflection that varies over time; an actuator configured to drive the electrostatic oscillator structure about the axis based on a time-varying driving signal, the actuator comprising a first capacitive element having a first capacitance dependent on the deflection and a second capacitive element having a second capacitance dependent on the deflection; a driver configured to generate the time-varying driving signal comprising an on-time component that alternates with an off-time component; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first displacement current from the first capacitive element, to receive a second displacement current from the second capacitive element, to continuously measure the first displacement current during the on-time of the time-varying driving signal, and to continuously measure the second displacement current during the on-time of the time-varying driving signal; and a measurement circuit configured to generate a first displacement current curve from the measured first displacement current, to generate a second displacement current curve from the measured second displacement current, to match the first displacement current curve to stored first calibration data, to match the second displacement current curve to stored second calibration data, and to determine an on-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the on-time component of the driving signal based on the stored first calibration data matched with the first displacement current curve and the stored second calibration data matched with the second displacement current curve. 26. The oscillator system of claim 25, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the on-time deflection. 27. The oscillator system of claim 25, wherein:
the measurement circuit is configured to estimate an off-time deflection corresponding to a movement of the oscillating structure during the off-time component of the driving signal based on the on-time deflection. 28. The oscillator system of claim 27, further comprising:
a controller configured to regulate the driving signal generated by the driver based on the determined on-time deflection and the estimated off-time deflection. 29. The oscillator system of claim 25, wherein a deflection amplitude and an oscillation frequency of the oscillator structure have a non-linear dependency. 30. The oscillator system of claim 25, wherein:
the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element both have an asymmetric characteristic according to the deflection direction of the oscillator structure. | 1,700 |
345,996 | 16,804,439 | 1,774 | An end cap for sealing an end of an existing pipe comprising a cylindrical cap member, the cylindrical cap member comprising an open end and a closed end, a clamp coupled to a band, a band track present along an exterior of the cylindrical cap member, the band encompassing the band track and one or more ribs present on an interior of the cylindrical cap member opposite to the band track. A method of using the end cap to seal an end of an existing pipe, comprising unlocking the clamp, inserting the end cap over the end of the existing pipe and locking the clamp. | 1. An end cap for sealing an end of an existing pipe comprising:
a cylindrical cap member; said cylindrical cap member comprising an open end and a closed end; a clamp coupled to a band; a band track present along an exterior of said cylindrical cap member, said band encompassing said band track; and one or more ribs present on an interior of said cylindrical cap member opposite to said band track. 2. The end cap of claim 1 wherein one or more band screws may be inserted through said band and said cylindrical cap member. 3. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said band comprises one or more band holes. 4. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said cylindrical cap member is composed of an elastomeric material. 5. The end cap of claim 3 wherein one or more band screws may be inserted through said band holes and said cylindrical cap member. 6. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said clamp employs a ratcheting mechanism for locking, unlocking and tightening said clamp and said band. 7. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said clamp employs a latching mechanism for locking said clamp and said band. 8. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said clamp employs a spring-loaded mechanism for locking said clamp and said band. 9. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said clamp employs a combination of a ratcheting, latching or spring-loaded mechanism for locking said clamp and said band. 10. A method of using the end cap of claim 1, to seal an end of an existing pipe, comprising:
unlocking said clamp; inserting said end cap over said end of said existing pipe; and locking said clamp. 11. A method of using the end cap of claim 1, wherein a locking pin is inserted through said clamp once said clamp is locked. | An end cap for sealing an end of an existing pipe comprising a cylindrical cap member, the cylindrical cap member comprising an open end and a closed end, a clamp coupled to a band, a band track present along an exterior of the cylindrical cap member, the band encompassing the band track and one or more ribs present on an interior of the cylindrical cap member opposite to the band track. A method of using the end cap to seal an end of an existing pipe, comprising unlocking the clamp, inserting the end cap over the end of the existing pipe and locking the clamp.1. An end cap for sealing an end of an existing pipe comprising:
a cylindrical cap member; said cylindrical cap member comprising an open end and a closed end; a clamp coupled to a band; a band track present along an exterior of said cylindrical cap member, said band encompassing said band track; and one or more ribs present on an interior of said cylindrical cap member opposite to said band track. 2. The end cap of claim 1 wherein one or more band screws may be inserted through said band and said cylindrical cap member. 3. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said band comprises one or more band holes. 4. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said cylindrical cap member is composed of an elastomeric material. 5. The end cap of claim 3 wherein one or more band screws may be inserted through said band holes and said cylindrical cap member. 6. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said clamp employs a ratcheting mechanism for locking, unlocking and tightening said clamp and said band. 7. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said clamp employs a latching mechanism for locking said clamp and said band. 8. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said clamp employs a spring-loaded mechanism for locking said clamp and said band. 9. The end cap of claim 1 wherein said clamp employs a combination of a ratcheting, latching or spring-loaded mechanism for locking said clamp and said band. 10. A method of using the end cap of claim 1, to seal an end of an existing pipe, comprising:
unlocking said clamp; inserting said end cap over said end of said existing pipe; and locking said clamp. 11. A method of using the end cap of claim 1, wherein a locking pin is inserted through said clamp once said clamp is locked. | 1,700 |
345,997 | 16,804,413 | 1,774 | A microelectronic component comprises a substrate having at least one bond pad on a surface thereof and a metal pillar structure on the at least one bond pad, the metal pillar structure comprising a metal pillar on the at least one bond pad and a solder material having a portion within a reservoir within the metal pillar and another portion protruding from an end of the metal pillar opposite the at least one bond pad. Methods for forming the metal pillar structures, metal pillar structures, assemblies and systems incorporating the metal pillar structures are also disclosed. | 1. A microelectronic component, comprising:
a substrate having at least one bond pad on a surface thereof; and a metal pillar structure on the at least one bond pad, the metal pillar structure comprising:
a metal pillar on the at least one bond pad; and
a solder material having a portion within a reservoir within the metal pillar and another portion protruding from an end of the metal pillar opposite the at least one bond pad. 2. The microelectronic component of claim 1, wherein the other portion of the solder material extends laterally over a wall of the metal pillar at the end opposite the at least one bond pad. 3. The microelectronic component of claim 1, wherein the metal pillar comprises a sleeve of a first metal material and a tube of a second, different metal material within the sleeve and including an integral collar extending laterally outwardly over an end of the sleeve. 4. The microelectronic component of claim 3, wherein the first metal material comprises copper or gold, and the second, different metal material comprises nickel, tungsten, palladium, platinum, gold, or an alloy of nickel including cobalt, zinc, copper, or iron. 5. The microelectronic component of claim 1, wherein the metal pillar comprises a tube of a single metal material. 6. The microelectronic component of claim 5, wherein the single metal material comprises copper or gold. 7. A process, comprising:
cleaning a surface of a microelectronic component having bond pads thereon and depositing a seed material on the surface; applying and patterning a first photoresist material to expose seed material on the bond pads; electroplating columns of solder material onto the exposed seed material and removing the first photoresist material; applying and patterning second photoresist material to leave areas of seed material surrounding the columns of solder material exposed; electroplating nickel tubes on the bond pads around and to a height of the columns of solder material and removing the second photoresist material; applying and patterning a third photoresist material to leave areas of seed material exposed on the bond pads surrounding the nickel tubes; electroplating copper sleeves on the bond pads around and to a height of the nickel tubes and removing the third photoresist material; applying and patterning a fourth photoresist material to leave upper ends of the nickel tubes and copper sleeve exposed; electroplating nickel collars over the upper ends of the nickel tubes and copper sleeves and removing the fourth photoresist material; applying and patterning a fifth photoresist material to leave tops of the columns of solder material and the nickel collars exposed; electroplating heads of solder material onto the columns of solder material and the nickel collars to form metal pillar structures; and cleaning the metal pillar structures and surrounding surface. 8. A process, comprising:
cleaning a surface of a microelectronic component having bond pads thereon and depositing a seed material on the surface; applying and patterning a first photoresist material to expose seed material on the bond pads; electroplating columns of solder material onto the exposed seed material and removing the first photoresist material; applying and patterning a second photoresist material to leave areas of seed material surrounding the columns of solder material exposed; electroplating nickel tubes on the bond pads around and to a height of the columns of solder material and removing the second photoresist material; applying and patterning a third photoresist material to leave tops of the columns of solder material and upper ends of the nickel tubes exposed; electroplating heads of solder material onto the columns of solder material and upper ends of the nickel tubes to form metal pillar structures; and cleaning the metal pillar structures and surrounding surface. 9. A microelectronic component assembly, comprising:
a first microelectronic component; a second microelectronic component at least partially superimposed over the first microelectronic component; and metal pillar structures extending between the first microelectronic component and the second microelectronic component, the metal pillar structures comprising tubular metal pillars on bond pads of the first microelectronic component and a solder material, a portion of the solder material of each metal pillar structure located within a reservoir provided by an interior of the tubular metal pillar and another portion of the solder material protruding from an end of the tubular metal pillar and secured to a terminal structure of the second microelectronic component. 10. The microelectronic component assembly of claim 9, wherein portions of the reservoir between the portion of the solder material located within the reservoir and the bond pads comprise one or more voids. 11. A metal pillar structure for a microelectronic component, comprising:
a metal tube secured to a bond pad; and solder material within the metal tube and extending from an end thereof opposite the bond pad. 12. The metal pillar structure of claim 11, wherein the solder material extending from the end of the metal tube opposite the bond pad extends over a wall of the metal tube. 13. The metal pillar structure of claim 11, wherein the metal tube surrounds a metal sleeve and the metal tube further comprises a collar extending over an end of the metal sleeve. 14. The metal pillar structure of claim 13, wherein the solder material filling the metal tube and extending from an end thereof opposite the bond pad extends over the collar. 15. The metal pillar structure of claim 13, wherein the metal tube comprises nickel, tungsten, palladium, platinum, gold, or an alloy of nickel with cobalt, zinc, copper, or iron and the metal sleeve comprises copper or gold. 16. The metal pillar structure of claim 13, wherein the metal tube comprises nickel and the metal sleeve comprises copper. 17. A method of joining conductive structures of microelectronic components,
comprising: placing a first microelectronic component over a second microelectronic component; aligning a metal pillar structure protruding from the first microelectronic component with a terminal structure of the second microelectronic component; heating the first and second microelectronic components to a temperature above a melting point of solder material within a metal pillar of the metal pillar structure and protruding from the metal pillar to cause molten solder material protruding from the metal pillar to wick to the terminal structure and pull molten solder material from within the metal pillar; and reduce a temperature of the first and second microelectronic components below the melting point of the solder material to solidify the solder material to bond to an interior surface of the metal pillar and to the terminal structure. 18. An electronic system comprising:
one or more input devices; one or more output devices; one or more microprocessor devices; and one or more memory devices; at least one of the input devices, output devices, microprocessor device and memory devices configured as microelectronic components; at least one of the input devices, output devices, microprocessor device and memory devices configured with a substrate; and wherein at least one microelectronic component comprises electrical connections to another microelectronic component or to a substrate, the electrical connections configured as tubular metal pillars having solder material bonded to interiors thereof, extending therefrom and bonded to the other microelectronic component or the substrate. | A microelectronic component comprises a substrate having at least one bond pad on a surface thereof and a metal pillar structure on the at least one bond pad, the metal pillar structure comprising a metal pillar on the at least one bond pad and a solder material having a portion within a reservoir within the metal pillar and another portion protruding from an end of the metal pillar opposite the at least one bond pad. Methods for forming the metal pillar structures, metal pillar structures, assemblies and systems incorporating the metal pillar structures are also disclosed.1. A microelectronic component, comprising:
a substrate having at least one bond pad on a surface thereof; and a metal pillar structure on the at least one bond pad, the metal pillar structure comprising:
a metal pillar on the at least one bond pad; and
a solder material having a portion within a reservoir within the metal pillar and another portion protruding from an end of the metal pillar opposite the at least one bond pad. 2. The microelectronic component of claim 1, wherein the other portion of the solder material extends laterally over a wall of the metal pillar at the end opposite the at least one bond pad. 3. The microelectronic component of claim 1, wherein the metal pillar comprises a sleeve of a first metal material and a tube of a second, different metal material within the sleeve and including an integral collar extending laterally outwardly over an end of the sleeve. 4. The microelectronic component of claim 3, wherein the first metal material comprises copper or gold, and the second, different metal material comprises nickel, tungsten, palladium, platinum, gold, or an alloy of nickel including cobalt, zinc, copper, or iron. 5. The microelectronic component of claim 1, wherein the metal pillar comprises a tube of a single metal material. 6. The microelectronic component of claim 5, wherein the single metal material comprises copper or gold. 7. A process, comprising:
cleaning a surface of a microelectronic component having bond pads thereon and depositing a seed material on the surface; applying and patterning a first photoresist material to expose seed material on the bond pads; electroplating columns of solder material onto the exposed seed material and removing the first photoresist material; applying and patterning second photoresist material to leave areas of seed material surrounding the columns of solder material exposed; electroplating nickel tubes on the bond pads around and to a height of the columns of solder material and removing the second photoresist material; applying and patterning a third photoresist material to leave areas of seed material exposed on the bond pads surrounding the nickel tubes; electroplating copper sleeves on the bond pads around and to a height of the nickel tubes and removing the third photoresist material; applying and patterning a fourth photoresist material to leave upper ends of the nickel tubes and copper sleeve exposed; electroplating nickel collars over the upper ends of the nickel tubes and copper sleeves and removing the fourth photoresist material; applying and patterning a fifth photoresist material to leave tops of the columns of solder material and the nickel collars exposed; electroplating heads of solder material onto the columns of solder material and the nickel collars to form metal pillar structures; and cleaning the metal pillar structures and surrounding surface. 8. A process, comprising:
cleaning a surface of a microelectronic component having bond pads thereon and depositing a seed material on the surface; applying and patterning a first photoresist material to expose seed material on the bond pads; electroplating columns of solder material onto the exposed seed material and removing the first photoresist material; applying and patterning a second photoresist material to leave areas of seed material surrounding the columns of solder material exposed; electroplating nickel tubes on the bond pads around and to a height of the columns of solder material and removing the second photoresist material; applying and patterning a third photoresist material to leave tops of the columns of solder material and upper ends of the nickel tubes exposed; electroplating heads of solder material onto the columns of solder material and upper ends of the nickel tubes to form metal pillar structures; and cleaning the metal pillar structures and surrounding surface. 9. A microelectronic component assembly, comprising:
a first microelectronic component; a second microelectronic component at least partially superimposed over the first microelectronic component; and metal pillar structures extending between the first microelectronic component and the second microelectronic component, the metal pillar structures comprising tubular metal pillars on bond pads of the first microelectronic component and a solder material, a portion of the solder material of each metal pillar structure located within a reservoir provided by an interior of the tubular metal pillar and another portion of the solder material protruding from an end of the tubular metal pillar and secured to a terminal structure of the second microelectronic component. 10. The microelectronic component assembly of claim 9, wherein portions of the reservoir between the portion of the solder material located within the reservoir and the bond pads comprise one or more voids. 11. A metal pillar structure for a microelectronic component, comprising:
a metal tube secured to a bond pad; and solder material within the metal tube and extending from an end thereof opposite the bond pad. 12. The metal pillar structure of claim 11, wherein the solder material extending from the end of the metal tube opposite the bond pad extends over a wall of the metal tube. 13. The metal pillar structure of claim 11, wherein the metal tube surrounds a metal sleeve and the metal tube further comprises a collar extending over an end of the metal sleeve. 14. The metal pillar structure of claim 13, wherein the solder material filling the metal tube and extending from an end thereof opposite the bond pad extends over the collar. 15. The metal pillar structure of claim 13, wherein the metal tube comprises nickel, tungsten, palladium, platinum, gold, or an alloy of nickel with cobalt, zinc, copper, or iron and the metal sleeve comprises copper or gold. 16. The metal pillar structure of claim 13, wherein the metal tube comprises nickel and the metal sleeve comprises copper. 17. A method of joining conductive structures of microelectronic components,
comprising: placing a first microelectronic component over a second microelectronic component; aligning a metal pillar structure protruding from the first microelectronic component with a terminal structure of the second microelectronic component; heating the first and second microelectronic components to a temperature above a melting point of solder material within a metal pillar of the metal pillar structure and protruding from the metal pillar to cause molten solder material protruding from the metal pillar to wick to the terminal structure and pull molten solder material from within the metal pillar; and reduce a temperature of the first and second microelectronic components below the melting point of the solder material to solidify the solder material to bond to an interior surface of the metal pillar and to the terminal structure. 18. An electronic system comprising:
one or more input devices; one or more output devices; one or more microprocessor devices; and one or more memory devices; at least one of the input devices, output devices, microprocessor device and memory devices configured as microelectronic components; at least one of the input devices, output devices, microprocessor device and memory devices configured with a substrate; and wherein at least one microelectronic component comprises electrical connections to another microelectronic component or to a substrate, the electrical connections configured as tubular metal pillars having solder material bonded to interiors thereof, extending therefrom and bonded to the other microelectronic component or the substrate. | 1,700 |
345,998 | 16,804,434 | 1,774 | Health care data is stored in memory accessible to a server. The server allows users to access the health care data, such as across a communication network. In some embodiments a biometric or vitruvian identifier for a patient is stored with patient information. The biometric or vitruvian identifier can be used to control access to patient records and to quickly locate patient information associated with a particular patient. | 1. A method for creating and using health care data of patients, the method comprising:
creating patient specific health care data; identifying a patient based on a first biometric or vitruvian identifier of the patient received via an at least one biometric reader; associating the patient specific health care data with the first biometric identifier; storing the patient specific health care data, the first biometric identifier, and the association between the patient specific health care data with the first biometric or vitruvian identifier in a retrievable electronic format at a computer server and through a communication network; identifying a caregiver based on a second biometric or vitruvian identifier of the caregiver received via the at least one biometric reader or an at least one second biometric read; creating a request for the patient specific health care data from the caregiver; validating the request and identifying the caregiver; obtaining authentication criteria data of the patient; storing the authentication criteria data in the retrievable electronic format at the computer server and through the communication network; providing a validated access in a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant retrievable electronic format from the computer server and through the communication network to the identified caregiver; communicating the HIPAA compliant electronic patient specific health care data to the identified caregiver; and modifying the electronic patient specific health care data to incorporate the authorized access and communication by the identified caregiver. 2. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 1, wherein the first biometric or vitruvian identifier and the second biometric or vitruvian identifier are each selected as one or a combination from a group consisting of: fingerprint; hand geometry; iris recognition; retina scan; facial recognition; ear shape; voice recognition. 3. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 1, wherein the patient specific health care data includes at least some of the following: physician notes, electronic medical records, immunization records, surgical history, medication records, medical treatment records, identification of medical allergies, obstetric history, habit history, family medical history, mental health history, employment history, travel history, family history, common activities, advance directive, living will, and power of attorney for health care. 4. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 2, wherein the first biometric or vitruvian identifier and the second biometric or vitruvian identifier are each captured by a portable device in wireless electronic communication with the communication network. 5. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 2, wherein the HIPAA compliant electronic patient specific health care data is transmitted to the identified caregiver through a portable device in wireless electronic communication with the communication network. 6. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 3, wherein the HIPAA compliant electronic patient specific health care data is transmitted to the identified caregiver through the portable device in wireless electronic communication with the communication network. 7. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 1, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 8. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 2, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 9. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 3, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 10. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 4, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 11. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 5, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 12. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 6, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. | Health care data is stored in memory accessible to a server. The server allows users to access the health care data, such as across a communication network. In some embodiments a biometric or vitruvian identifier for a patient is stored with patient information. The biometric or vitruvian identifier can be used to control access to patient records and to quickly locate patient information associated with a particular patient.1. A method for creating and using health care data of patients, the method comprising:
creating patient specific health care data; identifying a patient based on a first biometric or vitruvian identifier of the patient received via an at least one biometric reader; associating the patient specific health care data with the first biometric identifier; storing the patient specific health care data, the first biometric identifier, and the association between the patient specific health care data with the first biometric or vitruvian identifier in a retrievable electronic format at a computer server and through a communication network; identifying a caregiver based on a second biometric or vitruvian identifier of the caregiver received via the at least one biometric reader or an at least one second biometric read; creating a request for the patient specific health care data from the caregiver; validating the request and identifying the caregiver; obtaining authentication criteria data of the patient; storing the authentication criteria data in the retrievable electronic format at the computer server and through the communication network; providing a validated access in a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant retrievable electronic format from the computer server and through the communication network to the identified caregiver; communicating the HIPAA compliant electronic patient specific health care data to the identified caregiver; and modifying the electronic patient specific health care data to incorporate the authorized access and communication by the identified caregiver. 2. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 1, wherein the first biometric or vitruvian identifier and the second biometric or vitruvian identifier are each selected as one or a combination from a group consisting of: fingerprint; hand geometry; iris recognition; retina scan; facial recognition; ear shape; voice recognition. 3. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 1, wherein the patient specific health care data includes at least some of the following: physician notes, electronic medical records, immunization records, surgical history, medication records, medical treatment records, identification of medical allergies, obstetric history, habit history, family medical history, mental health history, employment history, travel history, family history, common activities, advance directive, living will, and power of attorney for health care. 4. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 2, wherein the first biometric or vitruvian identifier and the second biometric or vitruvian identifier are each captured by a portable device in wireless electronic communication with the communication network. 5. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 2, wherein the HIPAA compliant electronic patient specific health care data is transmitted to the identified caregiver through a portable device in wireless electronic communication with the communication network. 6. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 3, wherein the HIPAA compliant electronic patient specific health care data is transmitted to the identified caregiver through the portable device in wireless electronic communication with the communication network. 7. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 1, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 8. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 2, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 9. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 3, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 10. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 4, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 11. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 5, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. 12. The method for creating and using health care data of patients of claim 6, wherein identifying a biometric or vitruvian identifier comprises:
verifying the biometric or vitruvian identifier based on a comparison with a pre-stored biometric or vitruvian identifier being stored in the one or more computer storage mediums. | 1,700 |
345,999 | 16,804,430 | 1,774 | A projection system has a first optical system and a second optical system arranged on a magnifying side of the first optical system. The projection system forms an intermediate image in a position between a demagnifying-side image formation plane and a magnifying-side image formation plane of the projection system. The second optical system is an optical element having a first transmissive surface, a reflective surface, and a second transmissive surface arranged from a demagnifying side toward the magnifying side. The first transmissive surface and the reflective surface are located at one side with respect to an optical axis. The second transmissive surface is located at another side with respect to the optical axis. The reflective surface has a concavely curved shape. The second transmissive surface has a convexly curved shape protruding toward the magnifying side. | 1. A projection system comprising:
a first optical system; and a second optical system arranged on a magnifying side of the first optical system, wherein the projection system forms an intermediate image in a position between a demagnifying-side image formation plane and a magnifying-side image formation plane of the projection system, the second optical system is an optical element having a first transmissive surface, a reflective surface, and a second transmissive surface arranged from a demagnifying side toward the magnifying side, the first transmissive surface and the reflective surface are located at one side with respect to an optical axis, the second transmissive surface is located at another side with respect to the optical axis, the reflective surface has a concavely curved shape, the second transmissive surface has a convexly curved shape protruding toward the magnifying side, and the optical element includes a first member made of a first material and a second member made of a second material different from the first material. 2. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate image is located between the first transmissive surface and the reflective surface of the optical element. 3. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein the second member excels the first member in heat resistance, and the second member is disposed on at least part of an area where a diameter of a light flux entered the optical element is minimized. 4. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein the second member excels the first member in transmittance of light rays, and the second member is disposed on at least part of an area where a diameter of a light flux entered the optical element is minimized. 5. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein three axes perpendicular to one another are called axes X, Y, and Z, with an axis-Z direction being a direction in which the optical axis extends, an upper side being one side of the axis Y, a lower side being another side of the axis Y, and a plane YZ being a plane perpendicular to the axis X and containing the axes Y and Z, an imaginary line that connects an upper intersection to a lower intersection inclines with respect to an imaginary vertical line perpendicular to the optical axis in the plane YZ, the upper intersection being an intersection where an upper peripheral light ray of an upper-end light flux that is a light ray passing through an axis-Y-direction upper end of an effective range of the second transmissive surface and an upper peripheral light ray of a lower-end light flux that is a light ray passing through an axis-Y-direction lower end of the effective range intersect with each other in the plane YZ, and the lower intersection being an intersection where a lower peripheral light ray of the upper-end light flux and a lower peripheral light ray of the lower-end light flux intersect with each other in the plane YZ. 6. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein a pupil is located in the optical element and inclines with respect to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. 7. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate image is formed in the second member. 8. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the first transmissive surface is provided with the first member, the reflective surface is provided with the first member, and the second transmissive surface is provided with the first member. 9. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein the first transmissive surface is provided with the first member, the second transmissive surface is provided with the first member, and the reflective surface is provided with the second member. 10. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein the first transmissive surface is provided with the first member, the reflective surface is provided with the first member, and the second transmissive surface is provided with the second member. 11. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the second member is made of glass. 12. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the first member is made of resin. 13. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein bonding surfaces of the first member and the second member have shapes corresponding to each other. 14. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first transmissive surface, the reflective surface, and the second transmissive surface is an aspheric surface. 15. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the optical element includes a stop on a further magnifying side than the reflective surface. 16. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the first optical system is a refractive optical system. 17. A projection-type image display apparatus comprising:
the projection system according to claim 1; and an image formation section that forms a projection image in the demagnifying-side image formation plane. 18. An imaging apparatus comprising:
the projection system according to claim 1; and an imaging device disposed in the demagnifying-side image formation plane. 19. A projection-type image display apparatus comprising: the projection system according to claim 2; and
an image formation section that forms a projection image in the demagnifying-side image formation plane. 20. An imaging apparatus comprising:
the projection system according to claim 2; and an imaging device disposed in the demagnifying-side image formation plane. | A projection system has a first optical system and a second optical system arranged on a magnifying side of the first optical system. The projection system forms an intermediate image in a position between a demagnifying-side image formation plane and a magnifying-side image formation plane of the projection system. The second optical system is an optical element having a first transmissive surface, a reflective surface, and a second transmissive surface arranged from a demagnifying side toward the magnifying side. The first transmissive surface and the reflective surface are located at one side with respect to an optical axis. The second transmissive surface is located at another side with respect to the optical axis. The reflective surface has a concavely curved shape. The second transmissive surface has a convexly curved shape protruding toward the magnifying side.1. A projection system comprising:
a first optical system; and a second optical system arranged on a magnifying side of the first optical system, wherein the projection system forms an intermediate image in a position between a demagnifying-side image formation plane and a magnifying-side image formation plane of the projection system, the second optical system is an optical element having a first transmissive surface, a reflective surface, and a second transmissive surface arranged from a demagnifying side toward the magnifying side, the first transmissive surface and the reflective surface are located at one side with respect to an optical axis, the second transmissive surface is located at another side with respect to the optical axis, the reflective surface has a concavely curved shape, the second transmissive surface has a convexly curved shape protruding toward the magnifying side, and the optical element includes a first member made of a first material and a second member made of a second material different from the first material. 2. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate image is located between the first transmissive surface and the reflective surface of the optical element. 3. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein the second member excels the first member in heat resistance, and the second member is disposed on at least part of an area where a diameter of a light flux entered the optical element is minimized. 4. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein the second member excels the first member in transmittance of light rays, and the second member is disposed on at least part of an area where a diameter of a light flux entered the optical element is minimized. 5. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein three axes perpendicular to one another are called axes X, Y, and Z, with an axis-Z direction being a direction in which the optical axis extends, an upper side being one side of the axis Y, a lower side being another side of the axis Y, and a plane YZ being a plane perpendicular to the axis X and containing the axes Y and Z, an imaginary line that connects an upper intersection to a lower intersection inclines with respect to an imaginary vertical line perpendicular to the optical axis in the plane YZ, the upper intersection being an intersection where an upper peripheral light ray of an upper-end light flux that is a light ray passing through an axis-Y-direction upper end of an effective range of the second transmissive surface and an upper peripheral light ray of a lower-end light flux that is a light ray passing through an axis-Y-direction lower end of the effective range intersect with each other in the plane YZ, and the lower intersection being an intersection where a lower peripheral light ray of the upper-end light flux and a lower peripheral light ray of the lower-end light flux intersect with each other in the plane YZ. 6. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein a pupil is located in the optical element and inclines with respect to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. 7. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate image is formed in the second member. 8. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the first transmissive surface is provided with the first member, the reflective surface is provided with the first member, and the second transmissive surface is provided with the first member. 9. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein the first transmissive surface is provided with the first member, the second transmissive surface is provided with the first member, and the reflective surface is provided with the second member. 10. The projection system according to claim 1,
wherein the first transmissive surface is provided with the first member, the reflective surface is provided with the first member, and the second transmissive surface is provided with the second member. 11. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the second member is made of glass. 12. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the first member is made of resin. 13. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein bonding surfaces of the first member and the second member have shapes corresponding to each other. 14. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first transmissive surface, the reflective surface, and the second transmissive surface is an aspheric surface. 15. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the optical element includes a stop on a further magnifying side than the reflective surface. 16. The projection system according to claim 1, wherein the first optical system is a refractive optical system. 17. A projection-type image display apparatus comprising:
the projection system according to claim 1; and an image formation section that forms a projection image in the demagnifying-side image formation plane. 18. An imaging apparatus comprising:
the projection system according to claim 1; and an imaging device disposed in the demagnifying-side image formation plane. 19. A projection-type image display apparatus comprising: the projection system according to claim 2; and
an image formation section that forms a projection image in the demagnifying-side image formation plane. 20. An imaging apparatus comprising:
the projection system according to claim 2; and an imaging device disposed in the demagnifying-side image formation plane. | 1,700 |
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